WO2022095618A1 - 多层桥梁施工方法及施工支撑体系 - Google Patents
多层桥梁施工方法及施工支撑体系 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022095618A1 WO2022095618A1 PCT/CN2021/119892 CN2021119892W WO2022095618A1 WO 2022095618 A1 WO2022095618 A1 WO 2022095618A1 CN 2021119892 W CN2021119892 W CN 2021119892W WO 2022095618 A1 WO2022095618 A1 WO 2022095618A1
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- bridge
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003187 abdominal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a multi-layer bridge construction method and a construction support system.
- multi-layer bridges can be used for traffic vehicles on different bridge decks, which relieves the city's traffic congestion and becomes the city's main transportation hub.
- the traditional multi-layer bridge construction usually adopts a segmented construction method. If the whole is hoisted in sections, a large number of assembled tire frames are required, and a large assembly site is required, and the construction efficiency is low.
- the installation accuracy of the web members is relatively high, and it is not suitable for bridges with camber trusses.
- the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the present invention proposes a multi-layer bridge construction method, which can improve the construction efficiency of the multi-layer bridge and has a wide application range.
- the invention also proposes a multi-layer bridge construction support system.
- the multi-layer bridge construction method according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, comprising:
- Bottom bridge construction set up a first tire frame, and lay a bottom bridge system on top of the first tire frame;
- a second tire frame is arranged on the outside of the support bridge system, a conversion device is erected on the top of the second tire frame and the support bridge system, and a top layer bridge system is laid on the top of the conversion device;
- the supporting bridge system is the top-level bridge system in the N-1th upper-level bridge construction.
- a conversion device is provided to support the laying of the top bridge system, the construction of the upper bridge does not need to rely on the installation of web bars, and the top bridge system can be laid after the conversion device is erected.
- High efficiency, the required tire frame and support system are relatively simple, no need to occupy a large site, and the tire frame will not interfere with the web rod, so that the construction method can be applied to various types of bridge construction and has a wide range of applications.
- the construction step of the bottom bridge further comprises: installing a lower chord on the top of the first tire frame, and installing a bottom deck on the bottom chord to form the bottom bridge.
- the step of constructing the upper bridge further includes: assembling standard sections step by step to form the second tire frame, and performing correction after the first tire frame is installed and/or after the first tire frame is installed. Calibration is performed after the second tire frame is installed.
- a web rod is installed on the support bridge system
- the construction step of the conversion device includes: erecting on the top of the support bridge system and the second tire frame A gantry, passing the gantry through the adjacent web bars.
- the construction steps of the gantry include: arranging beams and uprights, installing the uprights on the top of the supporting bridge system, and installing both ends of the crossbeams on the uprights, respectively and the top of the second tire frame to form the door frame.
- the construction step of the conversion device further includes: after the erection of the gantry is completed, installing a connecting beam between the gantry and the top bridge system.
- the step of constructing the upper-level bridge further includes: after installing web bars on the support bridge system, laying the top-level bridge system on top of the conversion device, and attaching the top-level bridge system connected to the web.
- the step of constructing the top bridge system includes: installing a top chord on the top of the web, and installing a top deck deck on the top chord to form the top bridge.
- the web rod is installed when the conversion device is installed or after the conversion device is installed.
- the multi-layer bridge construction support system according to the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention is used for the bridge construction of the bottom bridge system and the top bridge system of the M layer, including:
- the second tire frame is located on the outer side of the support bridge;
- a conversion device erected on the top of the second tire frame and the support bridge system, for supporting the top layer bridge system
- M ⁇ 1; when M 1, the support bridge system is the bottom layer bridge system, and when M>1, the support bridge system of the Mth layer is the top layer bridge system of the M ⁇ 1th layer.
- the conversion device can support the laying of the top bridge system, the construction of the upper layer bridge does not need to rely on the installation of web bars, and the top bridge system can be laid after the conversion device is erected.
- the construction efficiency is high, the structure of the support system is relatively simple, it does not need to occupy a large site, and the second tire frame will not interfere with the web rod, so that the support system can be applied to various types of bridge construction and has a wide range of applications.
- the conversion device includes a gantry capable of being erected on top of the supporting bridge system and the second tire frame, the gantry being used to transfer from the multi-layer bridge pass between adjacent abdominal rods.
- the conversion device further includes an adjustment section, the adjustment section is installed on the top of the gantry, and the adjustment section is used for supporting the top bridge system.
- the gantry includes a column and a beam, the column is used to be installed on the top of the supporting bridge, and the beam is used to connect the column and the top of the second tire frame .
- the conversion device further includes a bottom beam and a top beam, the bottom beam and the top beam are respectively connected to two ends of the upright column, and the bottom beam is used for being installed on the support On the bridge, the top beam is connected with the cross beam.
- a reinforcing member is connected between the column and the beam.
- connecting beams are provided between the second tire frame and the supporting bridge system and/or between the portal frame and the top layer bridge system.
- Fig. 1 is the construction schematic diagram in one embodiment of the multi-layer bridge construction method of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the multi-layer bridge construction support system of the present invention.
- the second tire frame 300 The second tire frame 300;
- Conversion device 400 gantry 410, beam 411, upright column 412, adjustment section 420, bottom beam 430, top beam 440;
- the top bridge is 500, the top chord 510, and the top deck 520;
- the azimuth description such as the azimuth or position relationship indicated by up, down, front, rear, left, right, etc.
- the azimuth description is based on the azimuth or position relationship shown in the drawings, only In order to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description, it is not indicated or implied that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
- An embodiment of the present invention provides a construction method for a multi-layer bridge, including a construction step of a bottom layer bridge and a construction step of an upper layer bridge, wherein the construction step of the bottom layer bridge includes: arranging a first tire frame 100 on the top of the first tire frame 100 Lay the bottom bridge system 200; the construction steps of the upper bridge include: setting the second tire frame 300 on the outer side of the supporting bridge system, then erecting a conversion device 400 on the top of the second tire frame 300 and the supporting bridge system, and then on the top of the conversion device 400 Lay the top bridge system 500.
- the conversion device 400 can provide support for the construction of the top bridge system 500.
- the installation of the upper bridge does not need to rely on the web bars 600.
- the top bridge system 500 can be laid, and the construction efficiency is high; and the second tire frame 300 is arranged on the outer side of the support bridge system, the conversion device 400 is erected between the support bridge system and the second tire frame 300, and the top bridge system 500 is supported by the conversion device 400 to avoid the second tire frame 300 and the web bar 600 of the bridge. collision and interference, so the construction method is suitable for the construction of vertical sheet truss bridges on both sides, as well as the construction of truss bridges with camber on both sides, and has a wide range of applications.
- the supporting bridge system in this construction step is the top-level bridge system 500 in the N-1th upper-level bridge system construction. .
- the top-level bridge system 500 in the previous upper-level bridge construction step can provide a support foundation for the construction of the top-level bridge system 500 in the latter upper-level bridge construction step, realizing the cyclic construction of the multi-layer bridge, and ensuring the structural strength of the multi-layer bridge. and construction efficiency.
- the conversion device 400 is provided to support the laying of the top-level bridge system 500, the construction of the upper-level bridge does not need to rely on the installation of the web bars 600, and the top-level bridge can be installed after the conversion device 400 is erected.
- the laying of the bridge system 500 has high construction efficiency, the required tire frame and support system are relatively simple, do not need to occupy a large site, and the second tire frame 300 will not interfere with the web bar 600, so that the construction method can be applied to.
- Various types of bridge construction a wide range of applications.
- the construction steps of the bottom bridge include: hoisting the bottom chord 210 to the top of the first tire frame 100 and installing it, the first tire frame 100 supports the bottom chord 210 , and then hoisting the bottom deck 220 to the bottom of the bottom chord 210 On the operation surface, the bottom bridge deck 220 and the lower chord 210 are installed and fixed.
- the bottom bridge deck 220 can be a bridge deck formed by pouring concrete through a reinforced formwork, a segmented roadway slab or an integral bridge deck steel plate.
- the bridge deck steel plate or the roadway slab can be assembled by welding, and then combined with the lower chord 210. Fixed. .
- first tire frame 100 needs to be assembled and installed according to the actual elevation and plane position of the lower chord 210 before installation.
- the verticality of the first tire frame 100 and the flatness of the top meet the installation requirements and are consistent with The installation height of the lower chord 210 is matched.
- the first tire frame 100 can be assembled by assembling the standard sections step by step, which can improve the assembly efficiency of the first tire frame 100; the bottom of the first tire frame 100 is provided with a tire frame base to ensure the structural stability of the first tire frame 100 , to prevent the first tire frame 100 from rolling or shaking, the top of the first tire frame 100 is provided with an adjustment section 420, the height of the adjustment section 420 can be adjusted, and the adjustment section 420 can be fine-tuned during the construction process to facilitate the bottom deck 220. installation, and splicing the bottom bridge deck 220 of different sections; the adjustment section 420 can be a multi-layer detachable steel backing plate.
- the overall construction of the bridge adopts a segmented construction method, which can be installed in sections from both sides to the mid-span, and the construction efficiency is high; in addition, the construction of the bottom-level bridges in different sections does not affect the upper-level bridges in other sections. Therefore, the bottom bridge and the upper bridge in different sections can be constructed at the same time, which can effectively improve the construction efficiency of the bridge; in addition, the bottom bridge and the upper bridge in the same section are constructed in layers, without large hoisting machinery, and the construction cost is low.
- the construction step of the upper bridge includes: arranging a second tire frame 300 on the outer side of the supporting bridge system.
- the second tire frame 300 can also be assembled by assembling standard sections step by step.
- the top of the 300 can also be provided with an adjustment section 420 for height adjustment.
- a tire frame base can be installed on the bottom of the frame 300 , and the setting of the tire frame base can ensure that the second tire frame 300 is stably installed on the ground and prevent the second tire frame 300 from tilting.
- the construction process of the conversion device 400 includes: after the second tire frame 300 is installed, erecting a door frame 410 on the top of the second tire frame 300 and the supporting bridge,
- the portal frame 410 can pass between the two web bars 600, overcoming the defect that the second tire frame 300 directly supports the upper bridge and the web bar 600 interferes with the web bar 600.
- the web bar 600 and the portal frame 410 can be installed simultaneously, and the top
- the construction of the bridge system 500 does not depend on the installation accuracy of the web rods 600.
- the gantry 410 can pass through between the web rods 600, the length of the gantry 410 can be adjusted to meet the installation requirements of the upper bridge system of different widths. Therefore, the outer side of the bridge can be set to be vertical or cambered (Fig. 1 shows the construction schematic diagram of the double-layer bridge, the bridge is cambered), the construction is more flexible, and the scope of application is wide.
- the construction steps of the gantry 410 include: hoisting the beam 411 and the column 412 above the supporting bridge system, vertically installing the column 412 on the top of the supporting bridge system, and then aligning the two ends of the beam 411 with the top of the column 412 and
- the top of the second tire frame 300 is installed and fixed, and the upright column 412 and the beam 411 are combined to form a portal frame 410 for supporting the top bridge 500 .
- the top plane of the column 412 is flush with the top plane of the second tire frame 300 to ensure that the cross beam 411 is installed on the top of the two in a horizontal state, providing an accurate installation reference for the installation of the top bridge 500 .
- a reinforcement is installed between the two.
- an adjustment section 420 is installed on the top of the gantry 410.
- the adjustment section 420 may be a pipe member or a combination of a pipe member and a steel backing plate. By replacing the pipe member or the steel backing plate , and change the height of the upper plane of the adjustment section 420, so as to facilitate the installation and mutual assembly of the upper bridges.
- a connecting beam can be installed between the second tire frame 300 and the supporting bridge, and the second tire frame 300 and the supporting bridge are combined to form
- the overall force can avoid the shaking of the second tire frame 300 and ensure the stability of the bridge construction process.
- the web bar 600 is installed on the bottom bridge system 200, and the top layer bridge system 500 is laid on top of the web bar 600, so that the top layer bridge system 500 is connected to the bottom bridge system 200 is composed of webs 600 to form an integral bridge structure.
- the construction of the web bar 600 and the conversion device 400 may be performed in a staggered manner, that is, the installation of the web bar 600 may be performed before, during or after the installation of the conversion device 400, and the installation time of the two may overlap, so as to Shorten the construction period.
- a base for installing the web rod 600 can be provided on the lower chord 210, and the web rod 600 can be directly installed at the base, which facilitates the alignment and installation and fixation of the web rod 600 and the lower chord 210, and improves the construction process. convenience.
- the construction steps of the top bridge 500 include: after the web 600 and the conversion device 400 are installed, install the top chord 510 on the top of the web 600, and install the top bridge on the top chord 510 face 520 to form the top bridge 500 .
- the upper chord 510 is hoisted to the top of the conversion device 400, and the adjustment section 420 on the top of the gantry 410 supports the upper chord 510.
- the conversion device 400 is the main load-bearing part of the top bridge system 500 installed , to avoid that the upper chord 510 depends on the installation of the web 600, and because the center lines of the two do not overlap, resulting in uneven stress on the web 600 or eccentric collapse of the upper chord 510, reducing construction risks;
- the upper chord 510 is hoisted on the top bridge After the working surface of the 500 is connected, it can be connected with the top of the web bar 600. After the two are installed and fixed, the combined installation of the bottom bridge and the upper bridge can be realized.
- the top deck 520 is laid on the upper chord 510 .
- the top deck 520 can be formed by pouring concrete through segmented steel formwork, or by splicing segmented traffic lane slabs, or using an integral bridge deck steel plate, and the top deck 520 can be welded and concreted.
- the rod 510 is installed and fixed.
- a tie beam can be installed between the gantry 410 and the upper chord 510 after the upper chord 510 is installed, and the tie beam assists the upper chord 510 to support the bridge construction. stability.
- the auxiliary facilities on the bridge can continue to be installed, such as the installation of anti-collision guardrails, the isolation guardrail between the motor vehicle lane and the pedestrian non-lane, the pedestrian non-lane steps, and the setting of the road center line.
- a bridge pier is provided below the bottom bridge, and the bridge pier can be placed directly below the lower chord 210 to support the entire bridge. After the bridge is built, the first tire frame 100, the second step, and the conversion device 400 used for support can be removed and reused.
- the present invention also provides a multi-layer bridge construction support system, which can be applied to the construction process of a bridge having a bottom bridge system and an M-layer top bridge system.
- the multi-layer bridge construction support system includes a first tire frame 100 , a second tire frame 300 and a conversion device 400 .
- the first tire frame 100 is used to support the bottom bridge system 200
- the second tire frame 300 is arranged on the support bridge system.
- the outer side is used to support the conversion device 400 .
- the conversion device 400 is erected on the top of the second tire frame 300 and the supporting bridge system.
- the conversion device 400 is used to support the top bridge system 500 to facilitate the installation of the top bridge system 500 .
- M>1 the bridge used for the construction of the support system has at least three layers, and the Mth layer is used for construction.
- the supporting bridge system is the top-level bridge system 500 of the M-1th floor, so that the top-level bridge system 500 in the previous upper-level bridge construction step can provide a support foundation for the construction of the top-level bridge system 500 in the latter upper-level bridge construction step, thereby The support system can meet the cyclic construction of multi-storey bridges.
- the conversion device 400 is provided to support the laying of the top-level bridge system 500.
- the construction of the upper-level bridge does not need to rely on the installation of the web bars 600, and the top-level bridge can be carried out after the conversion device 400 is erected.
- the laying of the system 500 has high construction efficiency, the structure of the support system is relatively simple, does not need to occupy a large site, and the second tire frame 300 will not interfere with the web bar 600, the support system can be applied to various types of bridge construction, Wide range of applications.
- the web bars 600 are installed between the bottom bridge and the top bridge, and the bottom bridge and the top bridge are combined to form a complete bridge through the connection of the web bars 600 .
- the conversion device 400 includes a gantry 410, the gantry 410 can be erected on the top of the second tire frame 300 and the supporting bridge, the gantry 410 can pass between the adjacent web bars 600, Therefore, the interference between the second tire frame 300 , the conversion device 400 and the web rod 600 is avoided, so that the support system can be applied to the vertical sheet truss bridge on both sides or the camber truss bridge on both sides.
- the gantry 410 includes a column 412 and a beam 411.
- the column 412 is used to be installed on the top of the supporting bridge system.
- the column 412 supports the beam 411.
- the two ends of the beam 411 are respectively connected with the top of the column 412 and the second tire frame 300.
- a gantry 410 is formed above the web bar 600, so that the gantry 410 can avoid the web bar 600.
- the upright column 412 can be made of steel round pipes, profiled steel and other components
- the beam 411 can be made of profiled steel, steel plate and other components.
- the conversion device 400 further includes a bottom beam 430 and a top beam 440, the bottom beam 430 and the top beam 440 are respectively connected to both ends of the upright column 412, and the bottom beam 430 is used for being installed on the supporting bridge system, Setting the bottom beam 430 can increase the contact area between the column 412 and the supporting bridge system, and avoid stress concentration at the connection between the column 412 and the supporting bridge system.
- the gantry 410 is prevented from being twisted and overturned due to inaccurate alignment of the beam 411 and the upright column 412 .
- the top of the gantry 410 is also provided with an adjustment section 420.
- the adjustment section 420 can be a steel round tube or a combination of a steel round tube and a steel gasket. By changing the length of the steel round tube or the number of steel gaskets, the adjustment can be changed. The height of the section 420 is adjusted, so that the conversion device 400 can adapt to the construction of the top bridge system 500 of different heights, and the convenience of construction of the top bridge system 500 is improved.
- a connecting beam (not shown) is also provided between the portal frame 410 and the upper-level bridge system, and the connecting beam can assist the upper-level bridge system, thereby ensuring the bridge construction stability.
- a connecting beam is also installed between the second tire frame 300 and the supporting bridge system.
- the second tire frame 300 can be combined with the supporting bridge system to form a force-bearing whole, which can prevent the second tire frame 300 from shaking during the construction process and ensure the bridge construction process. stability in.
- the gantry 410 further includes a reinforcing member, and two ends of the reinforcing member are respectively connected to the beam 411 and the upright column 412 to improve the structural strength of the gantry 410 and enable the conversion device 400 to provide stability to the top bridge 500 support.
Abstract
本发明公开了一种多层桥梁施工方法及施工支撑体系，施工方法包括底层桥梁施工与上层桥梁施工，在第一胎架的顶部铺设底层桥系，在支撑桥系的外侧设置第二胎架，在第二胎架与支撑桥系的顶部架设转换装置，在转换装置的顶部铺设顶层桥系；支撑体系包括第一胎架、第二胎架与转换装置，转换装置架设于第二胎架与支撑桥系的顶部，用于支撑顶层桥系。本发明中的多层桥梁施工方法及施工支撑体系，设置转换装置对顶层桥系的铺设进行支撑，上层桥梁的施工无需依赖腹杆的安装，施工效率高，能够适用于多种类型的桥梁施工，适用范围广。
Description
本发明涉及建筑施工技术领域，尤其涉及一种多层桥梁施工方法及施工支撑体系。
随着交通流量的快速增长，因多层桥梁可在不同的桥面上供交通车辆行驶，缓解了城市的交通拥堵，成为城市的主要交通枢纽。传统的多层桥梁施工，通常采用分段式的施工方式，若整体分段吊装，需要大量的拼装胎架，且需占用较大的拼装场地，施工效率低，若分层分段吊装，对腹杆安装精度的要求较高，且不适用有外倾式桁架的桥梁。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出一种多层桥梁施工方法，能够提高多层桥梁的施工效率，适用范围较广。
本发明还提出一种多层桥梁施工支撑体系。
根据本发明的第一方面实施例的多层桥梁施工方法，其特征在于，包括：
底层桥梁施工：设置第一胎架，在所述第一胎架的顶部铺设底层桥系；
上层桥梁施工：在支撑桥系的外侧设置第二胎架，在所述第二胎架与所述支撑桥系的顶部架设转换装置，在所述转换装置的顶部铺设顶层桥系；
其中，所述上层桥梁施工步骤重复N次，N≥1；N＝1时，所述支撑桥系为所述底层桥系，N>1时，第N次所述上层桥梁施工中的所述支撑桥系为第N-1次所述上层桥梁施工中的所述顶层桥系。
根据本发明实施例的多层桥梁施工方法，至少具有如下有益效果：
本发明实施例中的多层桥梁施工方法，设置转换装置对顶层桥系的铺设进行支撑，上层桥梁的施工无需依赖腹杆的安装，转换装置架设完成后即可进行顶层桥系的铺设，施工效率高，所需的胎架及支撑体系较为简单，不需占用较大场地，并且胎架不会与腹杆形成干涉，使该施工方法能够适用于多种类型的桥梁施工，适用范围广。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述底层桥梁施工步骤还包括：在所述第一胎架的顶部安装 下弦杆，并在所述下弦杆上安装底层桥面，以形成所述底层桥系。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述上层桥梁施工步骤还包括：逐级拼装标准节以形成所述所述第二胎架，并在所述第一胎架安装完成后进行校正和/或在所述第二胎架安装完后进行校正。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述底层桥梁施工完成后，在支撑桥系上安装腹杆，所述转换装置的施工步骤包括：在所述支撑桥系与所述第二胎架的顶部架设门架，将所述门架穿过相邻的所述腹杆。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述门架的施工步骤包括：设置横梁与立柱，将所述立柱安装于所述支撑桥系的顶部，并将所述横梁的两端分别安装于所述立柱、所述第二胎架的顶部，形成所述门架。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述转换装置的施工步骤还包括：所述门架架设完成后，所述门架与所述顶层桥系之间安装连系梁。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述上层桥梁施工的步骤还包括：在所述支撑桥系上安装腹杆后，在所述转换装置的顶部铺设所述顶层桥系，将所述顶层桥系与所述腹杆连接。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述顶层桥系施工步骤包括：在所述腹杆的顶部安装上弦杆，并在所述上弦杆上安装顶层桥面，形成所述顶层桥系。
根据本发明的一些实施例，在所述转换装置安装时或者所述转换装置安装完成后，安装所述腹杆。
根据本发明的第二方面实施例的多层桥梁施工支撑体系，用于具有底层桥系及M层的顶层桥系的桥梁施工，包括：
第一胎架，用于支撑所述底层桥系；
第二胎架，位于支撑桥系的外侧；
转换装置，架设于所述第二胎架与所述支撑桥系的顶部，用于支撑所述顶层桥系；
其中，M≥1；M＝1时，所述支撑桥系为所述底层桥系，M>1时，第M层的所述支撑桥系为第M-1层的所述顶层桥系。
根据本发明实施例的多层桥梁施工支撑体系，至少具有如下有益效果：
本发明实施例中的多层桥梁施工支撑体系，转换装置可对顶层桥系的铺设进行支撑，上层桥梁的施工无需依赖腹杆的安装，转换装置架设完成后即可进行顶层桥系的铺设，施工效率高，支撑体系的结构较为简单，不需占用较大场地，并且第二胎架不会与腹杆干涉，使支撑体系能够适用于多种类型的桥梁施工，适用范围广。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述转换装置包括门架，所述门架能够架设于所述支撑桥系与所述第二胎架的顶部，所述门架用于从所述多层桥梁的相邻腹杆之间穿过。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述转换装置还包括调整节，所述调整节安装于所述门架的顶部，所述调整节用于支撑所述顶层桥系。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述门架包括立柱与横梁，所述立柱用于安装于所述支撑桥系的顶部，所述横梁用于连接所述立柱与所述第二胎架的顶部。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述转换装置还包括底梁与顶梁，所述底梁与所述顶梁分别连接于所述立柱的两端，所述底梁用于安装在所述支撑桥系上，所述顶梁与所述横梁连接。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述立柱与所述横梁之间连接有加强件。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述第二胎架与所述支撑桥系之间和/或所述门架与所述顶层桥系之间设置有连系梁。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的说明，其中：
图1为本发明多层桥梁施工方法一个实施例中的施工示意图；
图2为本发明多层桥梁施工支撑体系一个实施例中的结构示意图。
附图标记：
第一胎架100；
底层桥系200，下弦杆210，底层桥面220；
第二胎架300；
转换装置400，门架410，横梁411，立柱412，调整节420，底梁430，顶梁440；
顶层桥系500，上弦杆510，顶层桥面520；
腹杆600。
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，涉及到方位描述，例如上、下、前、后、左、右等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，多个的含义是两个以上，如果有描述到第一、第二只是用于区分技术特征为目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。
本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的限定，设置、安装、连接等词语应做广义理解，所属技术领域技术人员可以结合技术方案的具体内容合理确定上述词语在本发明中的具体含义。
本发明的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
本发明的一个实施例中提供了一种多层桥梁施工方法，包括底层桥梁施工步骤与上层桥梁施工步骤，其中底层桥梁施工步骤包括：设置第一胎架100，在第一胎架100的顶部铺设底层桥系200；上层桥梁施工步骤包括：在支撑桥系的外侧设置第二胎架300，然后在第二胎架300与支撑桥系的顶部架设转换装置400，进而在转换装置400的顶部铺设顶层桥系500。转换装置400可为顶层桥系500的施工提供支撑作用，上层桥梁的安装无需依赖腹杆600，转换装置400架设完成后即可进行顶层桥系500的铺设，施工效率高；并且第二胎架300设置于支撑桥系的外侧，转换装置400架设在支撑桥系与第二胎架300之间，通过转换装置400对顶层桥系500进行支撑可避免第二胎架300与桥梁的腹杆600碰撞、干涉，从而该施工方法适用于两侧垂直片式的桁架桥，以及两侧外倾式的桁架桥施工，适用范围较广。
需要说明的是，上述的上层桥梁施工步骤可重复N次，其中N≥1；N＝1时，上层桥系只有一层，上层桥系施工步骤中的支撑桥系即为底层桥系200；N>1时，多层桥梁至少有三层，进行第N次的上层桥系施工时，该施工步骤中的支撑桥系即为第N-1次的上层桥系施工时中的顶层桥系500。从而，前一上层桥梁施工步骤中的顶层桥系500能够为后一上层桥梁施工步骤中的顶层桥系500施工提供支撑基础，实现了多层桥梁的循环施工，能够保证多层桥梁的结构强度及施工效率。
从而，本发明实施例中的多层桥梁施工方法，设置转换装置400对顶层桥系500的铺设 进行支撑，上层桥梁的施工无需依赖腹杆600的安装，转换装置400架设完成后即可进行顶层桥系500的铺设，施工效率高，所需的胎架及支撑体系较为简单，不需占用较大场地，并且第二胎架300不会与腹杆600形成干涉，使该施工方法能够适用于多种类型的桥梁施工，适用范围广。
具体的，底层桥梁施工步骤包括：将下弦杆210吊装至第一胎架100的顶部并进行安装，第一胎架100对下弦杆210进行支撑，然后将底层桥面220吊装至下弦杆210的操作面，将底层桥面220与下弦杆210进行安装固定。底层桥面220可以是通过钢筋模板浇筑混凝土形成的桥面板、分块的行车道板或者整体的桥面钢板，桥面钢板或者行车道板可通过焊接进行拼装，进而与下弦杆210进行组合固定。
另外，第一胎架100在安装前需要根据下弦杆210实际的标高与平面位置，组装和安装第一胎架100，第一胎架100的垂直度以及顶部的平面度符合安装要求，并与下弦杆210的安装高度匹配。第一胎架100可通过逐级拼装标准节的方式进行组装，能够提高第一胎架100的组装效率；第一胎架100的底部设置胎架底座，保证第一胎架100的结构稳定性，避免第一胎架100侧倾或晃动，第一胎架100的顶部设置调整节420，调整节420的高度能够调整，可在施工过程中对调整节420进行微调以便于底层桥面220的安装，以及不同段的底层桥面220进行拼接；调整节420可以是多层可相互拆卸的钢垫板。
需要说明的是，桥梁的整体施工采用分段式的施工方法，可以采用总体从两侧向跨中分段安装，施工效率高；另外，不同段的底层桥梁的搭建不影响其他段的上层桥梁的施工，从而不同段的底层桥梁与上层桥梁可同时施工，能够有效提高桥梁的施工效率；另外，同一段内的底层桥梁与上层桥梁分层施工，不需大型的吊装机械，施工成本低。
在本发明的一个实施例中，上层桥梁施工步骤包括：在支撑桥系的外侧设置第二胎架300，第二胎架300可同样通过逐级拼装标准节的方式进行组装，第二胎架300的顶部可同样设置调整节420进行高度调整，第二胎架300组装及安装完成后，需对第二胎架300的垂直度及顶部平面度进行测量校正，以保证施工精度；第二胎架300的底部可安装胎架底座，设置胎架底座能够保证第二胎架300稳定安装于地面上，避免第二胎架300侧倾。
结合图1与图2，在本发明的一个实施例中，转换装置400的施工过程包括：第二胎架300安装完成后，在第二胎架300与支撑桥系的顶部架设门架410，使门架410能够从两个腹杆600之间穿过，克服了第二胎架300直接支撑上层桥系与腹杆600形成干涉的缺陷，腹杆600与门架410可同时进行安装，顶层桥系500的施工不依赖于腹杆600的安装精度，另外，因门架410可从腹杆600之间穿过，通过调整门架410的长度可满足不同宽度的上层桥系的 安装需求，从而桥梁的外侧可以设置为垂直式或者外倾式(图1中示出了双层桥梁的施工示意图，该桥梁为外倾式)，施工较为灵活，适用范围广。
具体的，门架410的施工步骤包括：向支撑桥系的上方吊装横梁411与立柱412，将立柱412垂直安装于支撑桥系的顶部，然后将横梁411的两端分别与立柱412的顶部以及第二胎架300的顶部安装固定，立柱412与横梁411组合形成用于支撑顶层桥系500的门架410。立柱412的顶部平面与第二胎架300的顶部平面齐平，以保证横梁411呈水平状态安装于二者顶部，为顶层桥系500的安装提供精确的安装基准。为保证门架410的结构强度，立柱412与横梁411安装完成后，在二者之间安装加强件，加强件可选用型钢，通过斜撑方式安装。
在其他实施例中，门架410安装完成后，在门架410的顶部安装调整节420，该调整节420可以是管构件或者管构件与钢垫板的组合，通过更换管构件或者钢垫板的数量，改变调整节420的上平面高度，以便于上层桥系的安装及相互拼装。
为保证第二胎架300结构稳定性，可在第二胎架300安装完成后，在第二胎架300与支撑桥系之间安装连系梁，第二胎架300与支撑桥系组合形成受力整体，可避免第二胎架300晃动，保证桥梁施工过程中的稳定性。
在本发明的一个实施例中，底层桥系200安装完成后，在底层桥系200上安装腹杆600，并在腹杆600的顶部铺设顶层桥系500，从而顶层桥系500与底层桥系200通过腹杆600组成形成整体的桥梁结构。需要说明的是，腹杆600与转换装置400的施工可交错进行，也即，腹杆600的安装可在转换装置400安装前、安装时或者安装后进行，二者的安装时间可以重叠，以缩短工期。
需要说明的是，可在下弦杆210上设置供腹杆600安装的基座，腹杆600可直接安装于该基座处，便于腹杆600与下弦杆210的对位及安装固定，提高施工的便利度。
在本发明的一个实施例中，顶层桥系500的施工步骤包括：在腹杆600与转换装置400安装完成后，在腹杆600的顶部安装上弦杆510，并在上弦杆510上安装顶层桥面520，以形成顶层桥系500。具体的，上弦杆510安装过程中，上弦杆510吊装至转换装置400的顶部，门架410顶部的调整节420对上弦杆510进行支撑，转换装置400为顶层桥系500安装的主要承力部分，避免因上弦杆510依赖于腹杆600的安装，而由于二者中线不重合，导致腹杆600受力不均匀或者上弦杆510偏心倒塌，降低施工风险；另外，上弦杆510吊装于顶层桥系500的作业面后即可与腹杆600的顶部对接，二者安装固定后，即可实现底层桥梁与上层桥梁的组合安装。
需要说明的是，上弦杆510安装完成后，上弦杆510上铺设顶层桥面520。具体的，顶 层桥面520可以通过分段的钢筋模板浇筑混凝土形成，或者通过分块的行车道板拼接形成或者采用整体的桥面钢板，顶层桥面520可通过焊接、混凝土浇筑的形式与上弦杆510安装固定。
为保证上弦杆510安装后的结构稳定性，可在上弦杆510安装完成后，在门架410与上弦杆510之间安装连系梁，连系梁对上弦杆510进行辅助支撑，保证桥梁施工的稳定性。
上层桥梁施工完成后，可继续安装桥梁上的附属设施，如安装防撞护栏、机动车道与人非车道之间隔离护栏、人非车道台阶以及设置道路中心线等。
需要说明的是，底层桥梁的下方设置有桥墩，桥墩可置于下弦杆210的正下方，用于对整个桥梁进行支撑。桥梁搭建完成后，可将用于支撑的第一胎架100、第二台阶、转换装置400拆除，进行重复利用。
参照图1与图2，本发明还提供了一种多层桥梁施工支撑体系，可应用于具有底层桥系以及M层顶层桥系的桥梁的施工过程。具体的，多层桥梁施工支撑体系包括第一胎架100、第二胎架300与转换装置400，第一胎架100用于支撑底层桥系200，第二胎架300设置于支撑桥系的外侧，用于与转换装置400进行支撑，转换装置400架设于第二胎架300与支撑桥系的顶部，转换装置400用于支撑顶层桥系500，便于顶层桥系500的安装。其中，M≥1；M＝1时，支撑体系用于双层桥梁的施工，支撑桥系即为底层桥系200，M>1时，支撑体系所用于施工的桥梁至少有三层，第M层的支撑桥系为第M-1层的顶层桥系500，从而，前一上层桥梁施工步骤中的顶层桥系500能够为后一上层桥梁施工步骤中的顶层桥系500施工提供支撑基础，从而该支撑体系可满足多层桥梁的循环施工。
本发明实施例中的多层桥梁施工支撑体系，设置转换装置400对顶层桥系500的铺设进行支撑，上层桥梁的施工无需依赖腹杆600的安装，转换装置400架设完成后即可进行顶层桥系500的铺设，施工效率高，支撑体系的结构较为简单，不需占用较大场地，并且第二胎架300不会与腹杆600干涉，该支撑体系能够适用于多种类型的桥梁施工，适用范围广。
需要说明的是，腹杆600安装于底层桥梁与顶层桥梁之间，通过腹杆600的连接使底层桥梁与顶层桥梁结合形成完成完整的桥梁。本发明的一个实施例中，转换装置400包括门架410，门架410能够架设于第二胎架300与支撑桥系的顶部，门架410能够从相邻的腹杆600之间穿过，从而避免了第二胎架300、转换装置400与腹杆600形成干涉，从而支撑体系能够适用于两侧垂直片式桁架桥梁或者两侧外倾式桁架桥。
具体的，门架410包括立柱412与横梁411，立柱412用于安装在支撑桥系的顶部，立柱412对横梁411进行支撑，横梁411的两端分别与立柱412的顶部以及第二胎架300的顶 部连接，通过立柱412与横梁411的组合，在腹杆600的上方形成门架410，使门架410对腹杆600进行避位。需要说明的是，立柱412可采用钢圆管、型钢等构件，横梁411可选用型钢、钢板等构件。
在本发明的一个实施例中，转换装置400还包括底梁430与顶梁440，底梁430与顶梁440分别连接于立柱412的两端，底梁430用于安装在支撑桥系上，设置底梁430可增大立柱412与支撑桥系的接触面积，避免立柱412与支撑桥系的连接处应力集中，顶梁440用于与横梁411连接，顶梁440对横梁411进行支撑，以避免由于横梁411与立柱412对位不精准而导致门架410扭曲、倾覆。
另外，门架410的顶部还设置有调整节420，调整节420可以是钢圆管或者钢圆管与钢垫片的组合，通过改变钢圆管的长度或者钢垫片的数量，可改变调整节420的高度，以使转换装置400能够适应不同高度的顶层桥系500的施工，并且提高了顶层桥系500施工的便利度。
为保证上层桥系安装后的结构稳定性，门架410与上层桥系之间还设置有连系梁(未示出)，连系梁可对上层桥系进行辅助支撑，从而能够保证桥梁施工的稳定性。第二胎架300与支撑桥系之间同样安装有连系梁，第二胎架300可与支撑桥系组合形成受力整体，可避免施工过程中第二胎架300晃动，保证桥梁施工过程中的稳定性。
在本发明的一个实施例中，门架410还包括加强件，加强件的两端分别连接横梁411与立柱412，以提高门架410的结构强度，使转换装置400向顶层桥系500提供稳定支撑。
上面结合附图对本发明实施例作了详细说明，但是本发明不限于上述实施例，在所属技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。此外，在不冲突的情况下，本发明的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
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- 多层桥梁施工方法，其特征在于，包括：底层桥梁施工：设置第一胎架，在所述第一胎架的顶部铺设底层桥系；上层桥梁施工：在支撑桥系的外侧设置第二胎架，在所述第二胎架与所述支撑桥系的顶部架设转换装置，在所述转换装置的顶部铺设顶层桥系；其中，所述上层桥梁施工步骤重复N次，N≥1；N＝1时，所述支撑桥系为所述底层桥系，N>1时，第N次所述上层桥梁施工中的所述支撑桥系为第N-1次所述上层桥梁施工中的所述顶层桥系。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多层桥梁施工方法，其特征在于，所述底层桥梁施工步骤还包括：在所述第一胎架的顶部安装下弦杆，并在所述下弦杆上安装底层桥面，以形成所述底层桥系。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多层桥梁施工方法，其特征在于，所述上层桥梁施工步骤还包括：逐级拼装标准节以形成所述所述第二胎架，并在所述第一胎架安装完成后进行校正和/或在所述第二胎架安装完后进行校正。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多层桥梁施工方法，其特征在于，所述底层桥梁施工完成后，在所述支撑桥系上安装腹杆，所述转换装置的施工步骤包括：在所述支撑桥系与所述第二胎架的顶部架设门架，将所述门架穿过相邻的所述腹杆。
- 根据权利要求4所述的多层桥梁施工方法，其特征在于，所述门架的施工步骤包括：设置横梁与立柱，将所述立柱安装于所述支撑桥系的顶部，并将所述横梁的两端分别安装于所述立柱、所述第二胎架的顶部，形成所述门架。
- 根据权利要求4所述的多层桥梁施工方法，其特征在于，所述转换装置的施工步骤还包括：所述门架架设完成后，所述门架与所述顶层桥系之间安装连系梁。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多层桥梁施工方法，其特征在于，所述上层桥梁施工的步骤还包括：在所述支撑桥系上安装腹杆后，在所述转换装置的顶部铺设所述顶层桥系，将所述顶层桥系与所述腹杆连接。
- 根据权利要求7所述的多层桥梁施工方法，其特征在于，所述顶层桥系施工步骤包括：在所述腹杆的顶部安装上弦杆，并在所述上弦杆上安装顶层桥面，形成所述顶层桥系。
- 根据权利要求7所述的多层桥梁施工方法，其特征在于，在所述转换装置安装时或者所述转换装置安装完成后，安装所述腹杆。
- 多层桥梁施工支撑体系，用于具有底层桥系及M层的顶层桥系的桥梁施工，其特征在于，包括：第一胎架，用于支撑所述底层桥系；第二胎架，位于支撑桥系的外侧；转换装置，架设于所述第二胎架与所述支撑桥系的顶部，用于支撑所述顶层桥系；其中，M≥1；M＝1时，所述支撑桥系为所述底层桥系，M>1时，第M层的所述支撑桥系为第M-1层的所述顶层桥系。
- 根据权利要求10所述的多层桥梁施工支撑体系，其特征在于，所述转换装置包括门架，所述门架能够架设于所述支撑桥系与所述第二胎架的顶部，所述门架用于从所述多层桥梁的相邻腹杆之间穿过。
- 根据权利要求11所述的多层桥梁施工支撑体系，其特征在于，所述转换装置还包括调整节，所述调整节安装于所述门架的顶部，所述调整节用于支撑所述顶层桥系。
- 根据权利要求11所述的多层桥梁施工支撑体系，其特征在于，所述门架包括立柱与横梁，所述立柱用于安装于所述支撑桥系的顶部，所述横梁用于连接所述立柱与所述第二胎架的顶部。
- 根据权利要求13所述的多层桥梁施工支撑体系，其特征在于，所述转换装置还包括底梁与顶梁，所述底梁与所述顶梁分别连接于所述立柱的两端，所述底梁用于安装在所述支撑桥系上，所述顶梁与所述横梁连接。
- 根据权利要求13所述的多层桥梁施工支撑体系，其特征在于，所述立柱与所述横梁之间连接有加强件。
- 根据权利要求11所述的多层桥梁施工支撑体系，其特征在于，所述第二胎架与所述支撑桥系之间和/或所述门架与所述顶层桥系之间设置有连系梁。
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