WO2022095406A1 - 脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统和应用方法 - Google Patents

脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统和应用方法 Download PDF

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WO2022095406A1
WO2022095406A1 PCT/CN2021/094038 CN2021094038W WO2022095406A1 WO 2022095406 A1 WO2022095406 A1 WO 2022095406A1 CN 2021094038 W CN2021094038 W CN 2021094038W WO 2022095406 A1 WO2022095406 A1 WO 2022095406A1
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evaluation
score
value
parameter
module
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French (fr)
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杨艳春
张启玖
李伟
张艳江
林晓斌
杨鑫
张伟
罗瑱
郭锦涛
刘超
黎金涛
胡秀蓉
王飞
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国能龙源环保有限公司
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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of monitoring and evaluation of desulfurization devices, and particularly relates to a real-time evaluation system and application method for the operation performance and economy of desulfurization devices.
  • the invention provides a real-time evaluation system and application method for the operation performance and economy of a desulfurization device, which are used to solve technical problems such as operation performance evaluation and economic evaluation of different classification modules of the desulfurization device, and data selection and evaluation rules for corresponding modules. .
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a real-time evaluation system for the operation performance and economy of a desulfurization device comprising an operation performance evaluation module and an economic evaluation module; the operation performance evaluation module and the economic evaluation module are both composed of parameter units, and the parameter unit is determined by the operation performance of the desulfurization device. parameters and design economic parameters;
  • the performance evaluation module includes a system evaluation module, a subsystem evaluation module, a local evaluation module, an equipment evaluation module and a parameter evaluation module;
  • the economic evaluation module includes an energy consumption module and a material consumption module
  • Each module is integrated separately and displayed by a computer.
  • the computer is connected to the data collectors installed in various places of the desulfurization device, and the data collectors are set one by one corresponding to the acquired parameter unit data.
  • the corresponding data detection collectors are formulated based on the evaluation indicators, and correspondingly installed in the corresponding positions of the desulfurization system, and each data detection collector is connected to the online data control platform; the evaluation indicators are associated and connected according to different evaluation levels to form the corresponding evaluation level.
  • a fault early warning system and an economic early warning system are three-level alarm levels, the first level is a normal state and displays green, the second level is a concern state and displays yellow, and the third level is a warning state and displays red .
  • Step 1 According to the design conditions, the actual situation of the site, the historical operation data, combined with the theory and operation experience, the operation parameters are modeled, the algorithm program is compiled and the algorithm program is built into the computer system;
  • Step 2 Establish a mathematical model, collect the historical data of the corresponding parameter units, select the data under normal working conditions, and then select a linear or nonlinear regression mathematical model to fit and analyze the evaluation indicators to find out the associated parameters and dynamic expected values;
  • Step 3 Formulate corresponding data detection collectors based on the parameter units, and install them in the corresponding positions of the desulfurization system, and each data detection collector is connected to the online data control platform in the computer; the parameter units are associated and connected according to different evaluation modules , form the corresponding evaluation module; design thresholds for the parameter units in the system evaluation module, subsystem evaluation module, local evaluation module, equipment evaluation module, parameter evaluation module and economic evaluation module, and clarify the allowable fluctuation range and alarm limit of the parameter unit;
  • Step 4 Compare the expected value of each parameter unit with the online operation value, obtain the score of a single parameter unit, determine the evaluation rules of the parameter unit in the module, and evaluate the normal operation of desulfurization units in different modules, emergencies and normal shutdowns, etc.
  • the parameter unit is evaluated under three conditions;
  • Step 5 Real-time data collection and evaluation are performed through the online data control platform corresponding to the evaluation rules, and the online data control platform performs feedback control according to the evaluation results.
  • the evaluation rules of the economic evaluation module calculate the energy consumption of important auxiliary machines through parameter units, such as current, voltage, and electricity, and form an evaluation energy consumption module; through the limestone slurry flow and density, calculate the real-time material consumption of limestone to form an evaluation. Material consumption module;
  • the cumulative value of small indicators in a certain period of time is used to calculate the cumulative amount of small indicators during the on-duty period of each operating team, and the evaluation is performed automatically; through the historical data under full load conditions, the energy under real-time load conditions is displayed. Consumption, material consumption, and compared with the optimal value, and proposes a graded feedback for economical operation.
  • weight coefficient and emergency level of the parameter unit set the weight coefficient according to the importance of the parameter unit.
  • the weight coefficient is divided into three levels: 0, 1, and 2, and the expansion interface is reserved; according to the impact of the parameter unit on the module, emergency Levels, respectively 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and retain the expansion interface;
  • the general attribute parameter unit is determined as emergency level 1; those with safety or economic attributes are determined as emergency level 2; for switch quantities such as device accident tripping and protection tripping, which are important safety attributes, they are determined as emergency level 3;
  • the emergency level 5 is determined when the quality judgment point of the analog quantity is a bad point; according to the definition of the quantity and score of various attributes, the proportion of each basic unit in the evaluation is automatically assigned. Compare.
  • the parameter unit in the parameter evaluation module is the main control index that affects the operation, efficiency and quality of the device, and the evaluation rule of the parameter level is: the evaluation index score includes two scores, the safety score and the optimization score, of which the safety score is a full score of 80 points. The full score of optimization is 20 points, and the score of evaluation index is the sum of safety score and optimization score;
  • the actual operating value of the evaluation index is 80 points within the allowable value (inclusive). If the level is 1, the safety score ranges from 60 to 79. The calculation method is the deviation between the actual operating value and the limit value, and the interpolation method is used to score. If the limit value is exceeded, 60 points will be calculated; if the emergency level is 2, the safety score will be calculated. The range is 0-59. The calculation method is the deviation between the actual operating value and the limit value. The interpolation method is used to score. If the limit value is exceeded, it will be calculated as 0 points; if the emergency level is 3, the actual operation value will be deviated from the optimal value. Calculation; if the emergency level is 4, the actual operating value deviates from the optimal value by 59.9 points; if the emergency level is 5, the actual operating value deviates from the optimal value by -1 point;
  • the evaluation rules for the system evaluation module, subsystem evaluation module, local evaluation module and equipment evaluation module are as follows: 1 If all parameter units are higher than 80 points, the weighted average shall be calculated according to the weight coefficient; 2 Any parameter unit is lower than 80 points. , take the evaluation index as the evaluation score; 3. If multiple parameter units are lower than 80 points, take the lowest value as the evaluation score; 4. When any of all parameter units in the subsystem triggers emergency item 3, the evaluation score is 0 points; 5 When any of all parameter units in the system triggers emergency item 5, the score of the parameter unit is recorded as 0 points, and the weighted average of the parameter units is included in the evaluation score.
  • step 2 at least one year's data or one working cycle of the corresponding parameter unit is selected from the historical data, and the model is verified and revised correspondingly through the actual monitoring data; the corresponding evaluation result is controlled by online data in step 5.
  • the platform score is green within 80-100, yellow within 60-79, and red when the score is 60; green represents normal state, yellow represents concern state, and red represents warning state.
  • the present invention facilitates the differential evaluation of the desulfurization system under various scenarios through the modeling processing of the parameter unit, the threshold division of the data value and the scoring rules under different working conditions, which increases the applicability of its actual construction. properties and applicability;
  • the present invention can optimize the operation performance of the desulfurization device under normal operation, which is conducive to saving costs; and the evaluation rules of the economic evaluation are also established on the parameter unit, which is conducive to unification Data processing and design.
  • the whole desulfurization system is divided into flue gas and absorption tower subsystem, oxidizing air subsystem, feeding subsystem, pulping subsystem, dehydration subsystem. Subsystems, Wastewater Subsystems, Auxiliary Subsystems, Electrical Subsystems.
  • the real-time evaluation system for the operation performance and economy of the desulfurization unit includes an operation performance evaluation module and an economic evaluation module; economic parameters.
  • the performance evaluation module includes a system evaluation module, a subsystem evaluation module, a local evaluation module, an equipment evaluation module and a parameter evaluation module; the economic evaluation module includes an energy consumption module and a material consumption module.
  • Each module is integrated separately and displayed by a computer.
  • the computer is connected to the data collectors installed in various places of the desulfurization device, and the data collectors are set one by one corresponding to the acquired parameter unit data.
  • corresponding data detection collectors are formulated based on the evaluation indicators, and correspondingly installed in the corresponding positions of the desulfurization system, and each data detection collector is connected to the online data control platform; the evaluation indicators are associated and connected according to different evaluation levels , to form the corresponding evaluation level.
  • the fault early warning system also includes a fault early warning system and an economic early warning system, and both of them are three-level alarm levels.
  • the first level is normal and green
  • the second level is concerned and yellow
  • the third level is warning and red.
  • the principle and scope of parameter unit selection, principle all analog measurement points and all switch value alarm points on the screen of the DCS automatic control system in the desulfurization system; scope: including the operation index of the desulfurization device, and the operation index includes liquid level, density, pH value, flow rate and feed volume, etc.
  • the important indicators are selected as the evaluation indicators in the parameter evaluation module;
  • the equipment evaluation module is mainly the main equipment of the overall system, including the process water pump and the demister flushing water pump. In the main equipment, it plays the role of operation and process quality control indicators, including parameters such as current, temperature, outlet pressure, etc.;
  • the local evaluation module is the same type of equipment as a local evaluation module. In this scheme, it is divided into four local modules: compressed air, industrial water, process water, and accidental discharge; At the same time, it is convenient for the monitoring personnel to quickly determine the abnormal evaluation index and related equipment; the evaluation index of the module is selected from the relevant equipment, and the method of selecting the evaluation index is the same as the equipment level.
  • the subsystem evaluation module is to divide the desulfurization system into multiple subsystems according to the process system.
  • the subsystems include the desulfurization flue gas and absorption tower subsystem, the desulfurization electrical subsystem, the desulfurization wet grinding and pulping subsystem, the desulfurization gypsum dehydration subsystem, and the desulfurization and oxidation wind subsystem.
  • the system-level evaluation corresponding to the entire desulfurization system, the evaluation basis is also the evaluation index, and the corresponding evaluation index is the key index for the operation and quality control of the entire system, and is selected according to process characteristics and principles; Tower liquid level, accident cooling water tank liquid level, net flue gas SO2 and net flue gas dust content, etc.
  • Step 1 According to the design conditions, the actual situation of the site, the historical operation data, combined with the theory and operation experience, the operation parameters are modeled, the algorithm program is compiled and the algorithm program is built into the computer system;
  • Step 2 Establish a mathematical model, collect the historical data of the corresponding parameter units, select the data under normal working conditions, and then select a linear or nonlinear regression mathematical model to fit and analyze the evaluation indicators to find out the associated parameters and dynamic expected values;
  • a mathematical model is established, the historical data of the corresponding parameter units will be collected, and the value or range of the data probability under normal working conditions is selected as the characteristic value, and the data above and below 10% of the characteristic value is the allowable floating range, Then select a linear or nonlinear regression mathematical model to fit and analyze the evaluation indicators to find out the associated parameters and dynamic expected values; in addition, the dynamic normal parameter value range in a single parameter unit needs to consider changes in ambient temperature, including seasonal changes, indoor Factors such as outdoor and sudden changes in weather.
  • the control range of the parameter unit according to the design value, the standard value and the expert experience, the control range of each index is divided into intervals, which are the minimum limit value, the minimum allowable value, the optimal value, the maximum allowable value, and the maximum maximum value, among which the allowable value
  • the allowable fluctuation range of this index it is selected according to the industry standard value, design value and equipment interlocking start and stop setting value, and it should be controlled within the alarm limit range of the DCS automatic control system, and at the same time, it should be determined according to the expert experience value
  • the limit value is The fault range value of the indicator is determined according to the design value or the protection tripping value
  • the optimal value is the dynamic expectation value under real-time working conditions obtained by establishing a mathematical model of the independent variable indicator associated with the indicator.
  • the dynamic expectation value optimization process mainly includes the following steps: data export, data cleaning, data linear optimization, data nonlinear optimization, comparison of linear and nonlinear optimization results, and optimization results verification.
  • Data export query the historical data of each measuring point at the engineer station, and then select the data that meets the requirements. It ends at 23:59:00 on December 31, 2019, with 525,600 data for each measurement point.
  • the group cleaning method is used. way, that is: integrate the data to be used in the same table for cleaning.
  • Linear optimization uses STATA software to perform linear regression on the input and output.
  • the first step determines the input and output
  • the second step uses the input to perform linear regression on the output
  • the third step is a posteriori estimation
  • the fourth step Use the input and posterior estimates to plot and compare with a scatter plot of the input and output to see the trend of the linear regression results.
  • the linear regression operation can obtain parameters such as regression coefficient, model fit, T value, P value, use the regression coefficient to list the optimal value algorithm formula, find out the univariate linear predictor variable, make a scatter plot, and make a univariate linear regression prediction The results are compared, and the data is verified according to the formula.
  • Nonlinear optimization uses the MATLAB neural network toolbox, and the algorithm used is the BP algorithm. This optimization uses one-to-many optimization. Select the one-to-many data used by linear regression for nonlinear optimization. Prepare for the next linear nonlinear optimization result comparison.
  • Step 3 Formulate corresponding data detection collectors based on the parameter units, and install them in the corresponding positions of the desulfurization system, and each data detection collector is connected to the online data control platform in the computer; the parameter units are associated and connected according to different evaluation modules , form the corresponding evaluation module; design thresholds for the parameter units in the system evaluation module, subsystem evaluation module, local evaluation module, equipment evaluation module, parameter evaluation module and economic evaluation module, and clarify the allowable fluctuation range and alarm limit of the parameter unit;
  • Step 4 Compare the expected value of each parameter unit with the online operation value, obtain the score of a single parameter unit, determine the evaluation rules of the parameter unit in the module, and evaluate the normal operation of desulfurization units in different modules, emergencies and normal shutdowns, etc.
  • the parameter unit is evaluated under three conditions;
  • Evaluation rules of the economic evaluation module Calculate the energy consumption of important auxiliary machines through parameter units, such as current, voltage, and electrical degree, and form an evaluation energy consumption module; through the limestone slurry flow rate and density, calculate the real-time material consumption of limestone to form an evaluation material consumption module; In the evaluation process of the economic evaluation module, the cumulative value of small indicators in a certain period of time is used to calculate the cumulative amount of small indicators during the on-duty period of each operating team, and the evaluation is performed automatically; through the historical data under full load conditions, the energy under real-time load conditions is displayed. Consumption, material consumption, and compared with the optimal value, and proposes a graded feedback for economical operation.
  • parameter units such as current, voltage, and electrical degree
  • Step 5 Real-time data collection and evaluation are performed through the online data control platform corresponding to the evaluation rules, and the online data control platform performs feedback control according to the evaluation results.
  • step 2 at least one year's worth of data or one working cycle of the corresponding parameter unit is selected from the historical data, and the model is verified and revised correspondingly through the actual monitoring data; the corresponding evaluation results are scored in step 5 through the online data control platform.
  • 80-100 is green, 60-79 is yellow, and 60 is red; green represents normal state, yellow represents attention state, and red represents warning state.
  • the economic evaluation selects 16 equipments altogether, and the selection principle is: when this equipment changes and exceeds the allowable value scope, it is unfavorable for the safe and stable operation of the overall desulfurization or has a greater impact on the economy.
  • the data of power generation and desulfurization power consumption in a period of time can be automatically calculated.
  • the power consumption of the desulfurization unit is calculated from the cumulative power consumption of the 6KV working section and the standby section. If there is no 6KV section power value on the DCS screen, the cumulative power consumption of each equipment in the 6KV section plus the 380V PC section power consumption is obtained.
  • plant power consumption rate desulfurization power consumption / power generation ⁇ 100%, the power consumption rate of the desulfurization plant during this period is calculated, and the real-time display is compared with the average value of last year or the industry benchmark value.
  • the weight coefficient is set according to the importance of the parameter unit, and the weight coefficient is divided into three levels: 0, 1, and 2, and the extension interface is reserved; Set up emergency levels, respectively 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and reserve the expansion interface;
  • the general attribute parameter unit is determined as emergency level 1; those with safety or economic attributes are determined as emergency level 2; for switch quantities such as device accident tripping and protection tripping, which are important safety attributes, they are determined as emergency level 3;
  • the emergency level 5 is determined when the quality judgment point of the analog quantity is a bad point; according to the definition of the quantity and score of various attributes, the proportion of each basic unit in the evaluation is automatically assigned. Compare.
  • the evaluation rules of the parameter level are: the evaluation index score includes two points, the safety score and the optimization score, of which the safety score is full 80 points, and the optimization score is 80 points.
  • the full score is 20 points, and the score of the evaluation index is the sum of the safety score and the optimization score;
  • the actual operating value of the evaluation index is 80 points within the allowable value (inclusive). If the level is 1, the safety score ranges from 60 to 79. The calculation method is the deviation between the actual operating value and the limit value, and the interpolation method is used to score. If the limit value is exceeded, 60 points will be calculated; if the emergency level is 2, the safety score will be calculated. The range is 0-59. The calculation method is the deviation between the actual operating value and the limit value. The interpolation method is used to score. If the limit value is exceeded, it will be calculated as 0 points; if the emergency level is 3, the actual operation value will be deviated from the optimal value. Calculation; if the emergency level is 4, the actual operating value deviates from the optimal value by 59.9 points; if the emergency level is 5, the actual operating value deviates from the optimal value by -1 point;
  • the optimal value of the pit liquid level of the absorption tower is represented by the allowable value interval.
  • the score is 100.
  • the allowable value is 0.8-3.2
  • the limit value is 0.5-3.5
  • the emergency level is 1.
  • the score is 100; when the measured value of the absorption tower pit liquid level is 3.3, the score is calculated by the interpolation method:
  • the parameter score is 60 points.
  • scoring judgment conditions In scoring, according to different parameter attributes, it is necessary to set scoring judgment conditions:
  • Judgment of switching quantity conditions when the conditions are met, the score is effectively calculated, and when the conditions are not met, it is calculated as 100 points.
  • the score of PH value and density value of the absorption tower when the equipment is flushed, the score is 100 points.
  • the evaluation rules of the system evaluation module, subsystem evaluation module, local evaluation module and equipment evaluation module are: 1 If all parameter units are higher than 80 points, the weighted average will be calculated according to the weight coefficient; 2 If any parameter unit is lower than 80 points, take The evaluation index is used as the evaluation score; 3 If multiple parameter units are lower than 80 points, the lowest value is taken as the evaluation score; 4 When any one of the parameter units in the subsystem triggers emergency item 3, the evaluation score is 0 points; 5 In the system When any of all parameter units triggers emergency item 5, the score of the parameter unit is recorded as 0 points, and the weighted average of the parameter units is included in the evaluation score.

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Abstract

一种脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统和应用方法，包含运行性能评价模块和经济性评价模块；运行性能评价模块和经济性评价模块均由参数单元组成，参数单元由脱硫装置运行的性能参数和设计经济参数组成。上述方法通过将脱硫装置划分为不同的模块，利于分类控制和维修；且通过模块化集成和计算机在线控制预警等措施，可实时进行监测和预警；通过对参数单元的建模处理、数据取值的阈值划分以及在不同工况下的评分规则，利于进行区别性评价，增加适用性和应用性；通过对脱硫装置的经济性评价，可在脱硫装置正常运行下，进行最优化设置，利于节约成本；且经济性评价的评价规则同样建立于参数单元上，利于统一化数据处理和设计。

Description

脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统和应用方法 技术领域
本发明属于脱硫装置监测评价技术领域，特别涉及脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统和应用方法。
背景技术
随着社会的进步，节能环保和可持续发展的需求，在保证脱硫装置安全稳定运行的基础上，为例进一步的节能降耗，实现最大程度的经济性运行，有着巨大的需求空间。目前脱硫系统的性能状况，设备状况的判断，是由运行人员，人工监视DCS系统画面，通过人工对观察运行参数的实时值，与所掌握的专业知识来进行比较，判断，决定是否对设备、系统进行人工干预或应急操作，长时间高强度的监盘操作工作，容易使运行人员产生心理和生理上的疲劳，易出现差错甚至造成误操作严重事故。对于经济性评价，主要通过第三方软件，在一定程度上计算出当前的火电机组的能耗，对于脱硫装置的经济性评价，目前尚未有系统性的实时经济性评价。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统和应用方法，用以解决脱硫装置的不同分类模块的运行性能评价、经济性评价以及相应模块的数据选取和评价规则等技术问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统，包含运行性能评价模块和经济性评价模块；所述运行性能评价模块和经济性评价模块均由参数单元组成，参数单元由脱硫装置运行的性能参数和设计经济参数组成；
所述性能评价模块包含系统评价模块、子系统评价模块、局部评价模块、设备评价模块和参数评价模块；
所述经济评价模块包含能耗模块和物耗模块；
各模块均单独集成并通过计算机显示，计算机与安装至脱硫装置各处的数据采集器连接，数据采集器对应各获取的参数单元数据一一设置。
进一步的，基于评价指标制定对应的数据检测收集器，并对应的安装至脱硫系统相应位置，且各数据检测收集器均与在线数据控制平台连接；将评价指标根据不同评价层级进行关联连接，形成对应的评价层级。
进一步的，还包含故障预警警报系统和经济预警系统，且二者均为三级警报级别，一级为正常状态且显示绿色、二级为关注状态且显示黄色和三级为警示状态且显示红色。
进一步的，所述的脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统的应用方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一、通过设计条件，现场实际情况，历史运行数据，结合理论和运行经验，对运行参数，通过建模，编制算法程序并将算法程序内置入计算机系统中；
步骤二、建立数学模型，将收集对应参数单元的历史数据，选取正常工况下数据再选择线性或非线性回归数学模型进行拟合并进行评价指标分析，找出关联参数和动态期望值；
步骤三、基于参数单元制定对应的数据检测收集器，并对应的安装至脱硫系统相应位置，且各数据检测收集器均与计算机中在线数据控制平台连接；将参数单元根据不同评价模块进行关联连接，形成对应的评价模块；对系统评价模块、子系统评价模块、局部评价模块、设备评价模块、参数评价模块和经济评价模块中参数单元设计阈值，明确参数单元允许波动范围和报警限值；
步骤四、每个参数单元的期望值与在线运行值比较，得出单个参数单元的评分，确定模块中参数单元的评价规则，对不同模块中脱硫装置正常运行时、出现应急状况以及正常停运等三种状况下参数单元进行评价；
步骤五、对应评价规则通过在线数据控制平台进行实时数据收集和评价，在线数据控制平台根据评价结果进行反馈控制。
进一步的，建立数学模型，将收集对应参数单元的历史数据，选取正常工况下数据概率在85％以上数值或范围的为特征值，在特征值上下10％的数据为允许浮动范围，再选择线性或非线性回归数学模型进行拟合并进行评价指标分析，找出关联参数和动态期望值；单个参数单元中动态正常参数值范围，需考虑环境温度的变化，包含季节变换，室内室外及天气突变等因素。
进一步的，经济评价模块的评价规则：通过参数单元，如电流，电压，电度，计算重要辅机的能耗，形成评价能耗模块；通过石灰石浆液流量，密度，计算石灰石实时物耗，形成评价物耗模块；
在经济评价模块评价过程中通过一定时间段的小指标累计值，计算各运行班组值班期间的小指标累计量，自动评比；通过全负荷工况下的历史数据，显示实时负荷工况下的能耗，物耗，并与最优值进行对比，提出经济性运行的分级反馈。
进一步的，对于参数单元的权重系数和应急级别：根据参数单元的重要性设定权重 系数，权重系数分为0、1、2三个级别并保留拓展接口；根据参数单元对模块的影响设立应急级别，分别为1、2、3、4和5级别并保留拓展接口；
其中，一般属性参数单元确定为应急级别1；具备安全或经济属性的确定为应急级别2；对于装置事故跳闸、保护跳闸等开关量，表现为重要安全属性，确定为应急级别3；停运后对系统运行没有影响的定位应急级别4；对模拟量有关品质判断点为坏点时确定为应急级别5；根据各类属性的数量和分值定义，自动赋予各类基本单元在评价中的占比。
对于有备用设备的，可通过备用连锁自动投入；备用设备投入后，非正常停运设备将不再作为安全类拉低该子系统分值；但设备影响的参数，如流量等，仍按找该运行参数的评分规则计分。
进一步的，参数评价模块中参数单元为影响装置运行、效率和质量的主控指标，参数级别的评价规则为：评价指标得分包含安全得分与优化得分两个分值,其中安全得分满分80分，优化得分满分20分，评价指标的得分为安全得分与优化得分之和；
对于安全得分：评价指标实际运行值在允许值(含)范围内计80分，超过允许值时按应急级别分为级别1、级别2、级别3、级别4、级别5、五种情况，应急级别为1的，安全得分范围在60-79之间，计算方式为实际运行值与极限值的偏差，采用插值法计分，超过极限值的按60分计算；应急级别为2的，安全得分范围在0-59，计算方式为实际运行值与极限值的偏差，采用插值法计分，超过极限值的按0分计算；应急级别为3的，实际运行值偏离最优值的按0分计算；应急级别为4的，实际运行值偏离最优值的按59.9分计算；应急级别为5的，实际运行值偏离最优值的按-1分计算；
优化得分：应急级别为1、2的指标实际运行值在允许值范围内的，得分按实际运行值与最优值偏差，采用插值法计算得分；应急级别为3、4、5的指标实际运行值偏离最优值的按0分计算得分。
进一步的，系统评价模块、子系统评价模块、局部评价模块和设备评价模块的评价规则为：①所有参数单元均高于80分的，按权重系数加权平均；②任一参数单元低于80分的，取该评价指标作为评价得分；③多个参数单元低于80分的，取最低值作为该评价得分；④子系统内所有参数单元任一触发应急项3时该评价得分为0分；⑤系统内所有参数单元任一触发应急项5时，将该参数单元分数记为0分按照参数单元加权平均计入到评价得分。
进一步的，对于步骤二中，历史数据至少选取对应参数单元一年的数据或一个工作周期，并对应的通过实际监测数据对模型进行验证和修正；对应的评价结果在步骤五中通过 在线数据控制平台评分在80-100内显示绿色，60-79内显示黄色，60分一下显示红色；其中绿色代表正常状态，黄色代表关注状态，红色代表警示状态。
本发明的有益效果体现在：
1)本发明通过将脱硫装置划分为不同的模块，可针对性的对不同模块进行单独评价，利于分类控制和维修；且通过模块化集成和计算机在线控制预警等措施，可实时进行监测和预警；
2)本发明通过对参数单元的建模处理、数据取值的阈值划分以及在不同工况下的评分规则，利于在多种情景下对脱硫系统进行区别性评价，增加了其实际施工的适用性和应用性；
3)本发明通过对脱硫装置的经济性评价，可在脱硫装置正常运行下，对其运行性能进行最优化设置，利于节约成本；且经济性评价的评价规则同样建立于参数单元上，利于统一化数据处理和设计。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明而了解；本发明的主要目的和其它优点可通过在说明书中所特别指出的方案来实现和获得。
具体实施方式
以整套脱硫装置为例，根据典型的石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫工艺构成和功能进行划分，整套脱硫系统分为烟气及吸收塔子系统、氧化风子系统、上料子系统、制浆子系统、脱水子系统、废水子系统、辅助子系统、电气子系统。通过脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统，包含运行性能评价模块和经济性评价模块；运行性能评价模块和经济性评价模块均由参数单元组成，参数单元由脱硫装置运行的性能参数和设计经济参数组成。
其中，性能评价模块包含系统评价模块、子系统评价模块、局部评价模块、设备评价模块和参数评价模块；经济评价模块包含能耗模块和物耗模块。各模块均单独集成并通过计算机显示，计算机与安装至脱硫装置各处的数据采集器连接，数据采集器对应各获取的参数单元数据一一设置。
本实施例中，基于评价指标制定对应的数据检测收集器，并对应的安装至脱硫系统相应位置，且各数据检测收集器均与在线数据控制平台连接；将评价指标根据不同评价层级进行关联连接，形成对应的评价层级。
此外，还包含故障预警警报系统和经济预警系统，且二者均为三级警报级别，一级为正常状态且显示绿色、二级为关注状态且显示黄色和三级为警示状态且显示红色。
其中，参数单元选取原则和范围，原则：脱硫系统中DCS自动控制系统画面上所有 模拟量测点以及所有开关量的报警点；范围：包括脱硫装置运行指标，运行指标包含液位、密度、pH值、流量和给料量等。通过指标的关联性和对应系统、子系统、模块和设备的影响程度高低，选取重要指标为参数评价模块中评价指标；
设备评价模块主要为整体系统的主要设备，包括工艺水泵、除雾器冲洗水泵。在主要设备中起到运行和工艺质量控制的指标，包含参数主要有电流、温度、出口压力等；
局部评价模块为同一类设备作为一个局部评价模块，本方案中分为压缩空气、工业水、工艺水、事故排放共四个局部模块；局部模块主要用于报警显示，将相同属性的设备放在一起，便于监盘人员迅速判定异常评价指标及相关设备；模块的评价指标在相关的设备中进行选取，选取评价指标方法如同设备级别。
子系统评价模块为按照工艺系统划分脱硫系统为多个子系统，子系统包含脱硫烟气及吸收塔子系统、脱硫电气子系统、脱硫湿磨制浆子系统、脱硫石膏脱水子系统、脱硫氧化风子系统、脱硫上料子系统、脱硫废水子系统和脱硫辅助子系统；对应的各子系统包含的设备或者重要参数，可根据设备级别或参数级别的评价指标的选取；
本实施例中，对应整个脱硫系统进行的系统级别评价，其评价基础同样为评价指标，对应的评价指标为对整个系统运行和质量控制的关键性指标，根据工艺特性和原理进行选取；如吸收塔液位、事故冷却水箱液位、净烟气SO2和净烟气粉尘含量等。
在实际施工应用中，脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统的应用方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一、通过设计条件，现场实际情况，历史运行数据，结合理论和运行经验，对运行参数，通过建模，编制算法程序并将算法程序内置入计算机系统中；
步骤二、建立数学模型，将收集对应参数单元的历史数据，选取正常工况下数据再选择线性或非线性回归数学模型进行拟合并进行评价指标分析，找出关联参数和动态期望值；
本实施例中，建立数学模型，将收集对应参数单元的历史数据，选取正常工况下数据概率在85％以上数值或范围的为特征值，在特征值上下10％的数据为允许浮动范围，再选择线性或非线性回归数学模型进行拟合并进行评价指标分析，找出关联参数和动态期望值；此外，单个参数单元中动态正常参数值范围，需考虑环境温度的变化，包含季节变换，室内室外及天气突变等因素。
参数单元的控制范围：按照设计值、标准值同时结合专家经验将每个指标控制范围划分区间，依次为极限小值、允许小值、最优值、允许大值、极限大值，其中允许值为该指标允许波动范围，根据行业标准值、设计值和设备联锁启停定值选取，且要控制在DCS自 动控制系统报警限值范围以内，同时要结合专家经验值进行确定；极限值为该指标故障范围值，根据设计值或保护跳闸定值进行确定；最优值是通过与该指标关联的自变量指标建立数学模型获得的实时工况下的动态期望值。
动态期望值寻优过程主要包含以下几个步骤，分别为：数据导出、数据清洗、数据线性寻优、数据非线性寻优、线性非线性寻优结果对比、寻优结果验证。
1)数据导出：在工程师站查询各测点的历史数据，之后选取符合要求的数据，如数据是2019年1月1日00时00分00秒开始，每隔一分钟取一个数据，到2019年12月31日23点59分00秒结束，每个测点525600个数据。
2)数据清洗：主要根据经验对数据进行分类整合，将因变量和与因变量相关的多个自变量整合到同一个csv文件，利用stata软件清洗出因变量和所有自变量正常运行范围值，剔除其负值、空值、0值。
在实际使用时，由于存在设备启停状况，此时，会存在取值范围不重合的状态，导致清洗后数据量为0，无法进行寻优，所以在实际数据清洗时，采用了分组清洗的方式，即：将待使用的数据整合在同一张表中进行清洗。
3)线性寻优：寻优使用了STATA软件对输入和输出进行线性回归，第一步确定输入和输出，第二步使用输入对输出进行线性回归，第三步进行后验估计，第四步使用输入和后验估计结果进行绘图，并与输入输出的散点图进行对比，看线性回归结果的趋势。
一对多时则使用多个输入对输出进行线性回归，之后进行后验估计操作，之后观察线性回归结果，看各项输入的T值的大小，T值大则此评价指标对于输出结果的影响较大。最后使用T值最大的输入值与线性回归后验估计值进行绘图，并与此输入和输出的散点图进行对比，看其趋势。
线性回归操作可得出回归系数、模型拟合度、T值、P值等参数，使用回归系数列出最优值算法公式，求出一元线性预测变量，作出散点图、作出一元线性回归预测结果，并作对比，同时根据公式对数据做验证。
4)非线性寻优：非线性寻优使用的是MATLAB神经网络工具箱，使用的算法为BP算法，此寻优使用的是一对多的寻优。挑选线性回归使用的一对多的数据进行非线性寻优。为下一步线性非线性寻优结果对比做准备。
5)寻优结果对比：经对比发现，线性寻优与非线性寻优结果的关联度并不大，线性寻优结果较好的非线性寻优结果不一定好。合理使用两种方法进行寻优可以有效避免单一方法存在的部分数据寻优结果非常差的问题。
以脱硫整体系统工艺水泵出口母管压力评价指标建模为例，考虑到工艺水母管压力与工艺水泵电机电流相关性较强，分别选取了工艺水泵电机电流作为自变量，应变量为母管压力P。从模型结果上看：当完美拟合时数值＝1，实际应用中≥0.2表示拟合度较高，模型较好；该示例中数值满足要求模型可用，得出因变量P＝-0.0055054X+0.9163453。
6)寻优结果验证，得出模型结果后，选取新数据(至少一个月)进行验证，误差范围在2～5％之间，验证结果良好。将此结果作为正常运行时的动态期望值，同时限定模型各评价指标的取值范围和条件，超出范围提示建模结果无效。
本实施例中，验证时选取了2020年5月到7月两个月的数据，取值间隔同样是一分钟。经验证，线性寻优结果在使用负荷、流量、压力、液位、密度、浓度等无阶跃变化的量寻优结果较为准确，其准确率在95％以上，部分可达99％。
步骤三、基于参数单元制定对应的数据检测收集器，并对应的安装至脱硫系统相应位置，且各数据检测收集器均与计算机中在线数据控制平台连接；将参数单元根据不同评价模块进行关联连接，形成对应的评价模块；对系统评价模块、子系统评价模块、局部评价模块、设备评价模块、参数评价模块和经济评价模块中参数单元设计阈值，明确参数单元允许波动范围和报警限值；
步骤四、每个参数单元的期望值与在线运行值比较，得出单个参数单元的评分，确定模块中参数单元的评价规则，对不同模块中脱硫装置正常运行时、出现应急状况以及正常停运等三种状况下参数单元进行评价；
经济评价模块的评价规则：通过参数单元，如电流，电压，电度，计算重要辅机的能耗，形成评价能耗模块；通过石灰石浆液流量，密度，计算石灰石实时物耗，形成评价物耗模块；在经济评价模块评价过程中通过一定时间段的小指标累计值，计算各运行班组值班期间的小指标累计量，自动评比；通过全负荷工况下的历史数据，显示实时负荷工况下的能耗，物耗，并与最优值进行对比，提出经济性运行的分级反馈。
步骤五、对应评价规则通过在线数据控制平台进行实时数据收集和评价，在线数据控制平台根据评价结果进行反馈控制。
对于步骤二中，历史数据至少选取对应参数单元一年的数据或一个工作周期，并对应的通过实际监测数据对模型进行验证和修正；对应的评价结果在步骤五中通过在线数据控制平台评分在80-100内显示绿色，60-79内显示黄色，60分一下显示红色；其中绿色代表正常状态，黄色代表关注状态，红色代表警示状态。
本实施例中，经济评价共选取16个设备，选取原则为：该设备发生变化超出允许值 范围时不利于整体脱硫安全稳定运行或对经济性有较大影响。
经济性评价中，如脱硫厂用电率指标，自动统计一个时间段内发电量和脱硫耗电量数据，这个时间段可以为年度实时累计值，也可是一个运行班的时间。脱硫装置耗电量用6KV工作段和备用段电量累计值，若DCS画面上无6KV段电量值，则以6kv段各设备电耗加上380V PC段电耗累加获得。通过公式：厂用电率＝脱硫耗电量/发电量×100％，计算出该时段脱硫厂用电率，并实时显示与去年均值或行业标杆值进行比较。
本实施例中，对于参数单元的权重系数和应急级别：根据参数单元的重要性设定权重系数，权重系数分为0、1、2三个级别并保留拓展接口；根据参数单元对模块的影响设立应急级别，分别为1、2、3、4和5级别并保留拓展接口；
其中，一般属性参数单元确定为应急级别1；具备安全或经济属性的确定为应急级别2；对于装置事故跳闸、保护跳闸等开关量，表现为重要安全属性，确定为应急级别3；停运后对系统运行没有影响的定位应急级别4；对模拟量有关品质判断点为坏点时确定为应急级别5；根据各类属性的数量和分值定义，自动赋予各类基本单元在评价中的占比。
对于有备用设备的，可通过备用连锁自动投入；备用设备投入后，非正常停运设备将不再作为安全类拉低该子系统分值；但设备影响的参数，如流量等，仍按找该运行参数的评分规则计分。
对于参数评价模块中参数单元为影响装置运行、效率和质量的主控指标，参数级别的评价规则为：评价指标得分包含安全得分与优化得分两个分值,其中安全得分满分80分，优化得分满分20分，评价指标的得分为安全得分与优化得分之和；
对于安全得分：评价指标实际运行值在允许值(含)范围内计80分，超过允许值时按应急级别分为级别1、级别2、级别3、级别4、级别5、五种情况，应急级别为1的，安全得分范围在60-79之间，计算方式为实际运行值与极限值的偏差，采用插值法计分，超过极限值的按60分计算；应急级别为2的，安全得分范围在0-59，计算方式为实际运行值与极限值的偏差，采用插值法计分，超过极限值的按0分计算；应急级别为3的，实际运行值偏离最优值的按0分计算；应急级别为4的，实际运行值偏离最优值的按59.9分计算；应急级别为5的，实际运行值偏离最优值的按-1分计算；
优化得分：应急级别为1、2的指标实际运行值在允许值范围内的，得分按实际运行值与最优值偏差，采用插值法计算得分；应急级别为3、4、5的指标实际运行值偏离最优值的按0分计算得分。
以参数评价模块中吸收塔PH值和吸收塔地坑液位为例：
假设吸收塔PH值建模最优值为5，允许大值为5.5，极大值为7时，应急级别2，通过差值计算评分(允许小、极限小值内评分方式一致)：
当吸收塔PH实测值为5.2，(在允许值范围内)，评分为：
100-[20÷(5.5-5)×(5.2-5)]＝96
当吸收塔PH实测值为5.7，(在允许值范围外，极限值范围内)，评分为：
[59÷(7-5.5)×(5.7-5.5)]＝51.13
当吸收塔PH实测值＞7，评分为0
吸收塔地坑液位最优值以允许值区间表示，当实测值在允许值范围内，评分的100。允许值为0.8-3.2，极限值为0.5-3.5，应急级别1。通过差值法计算评分：
当吸收塔地坑液位实测值为2.5，评分为100；当吸收塔地坑液位实测值为3.3，通过插值法计算评分：
[79÷(3.5-3.2)×(3.3-3.2)]＝72.67
当吸收塔地坑液位实测值＞3.5，参数得分为60分。
在评分中根据参数属性不同，需要设置评分判断条件：
(1)开关量条件判断：当条件满足时评分有效计算，当条件不满足时按照100分计算。如吸收塔PH值、密度值的评分，在设备冲洗时，评分为100分。
(2)延时条件判断：当参数发生变化后，设置延时来过滤不稳定状态。当延时时间到达后，正常评分。
(3)对于参数变化率判断：根据设定的具体数值如0.5m/h，从历史数据中来实时判断。通常变化速率是参数本身评分的判断条件。假如吸收塔液位实时评分在正常范围，但是变化速率超出设定值，液位按照应急级别3来评分。
系统评价模块、子系统评价模块、局部评价模块和设备评价模块的评价规则为：①所有参数单元均高于80分的，按权重系数加权平均；②任一参数单元低于80分的，取该评价指标作为评价得分；③多个参数单元低于80分的，取最低值作为该评价得分；④子系统内所有参数单元任一触发应急项3时该评价得分为0分；⑤系统内所有参数单元任一触发应急项5时，将该参数单元分数记为0分按照参数单元加权平均计入到评价得分。
由于系统评价模块、子系统评价模块、局部评价模块、设备评价模块的评分规则和算法相同，以下以模块级别中工艺水模块为例，工艺水设计的评价指标包含工业水来水流量、工业水来水温度、工业水来水压力和工业水箱液位且相对应的权重依次为1、1、1和2，对应的评价指标值依次为94、97、93和92，由此工业水模块得分：(94×1+97×1+93× 1+92×2)÷(1+1+1+2)＝93.6。
而后根据得分为93.6分，对应的在线数据控制平台评分在80-100内显示绿色，为正常运行。
以上所述仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内所想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统，其特征在于，包含运行性能评价模块和经济性评价模块；所述运行性能评价模块和经济性评价模块均由参数单元组成，参数单元由脱硫装置运行的性能参数和设计经济参数组成；
    所述性能评价模块包含系统评价模块、子系统评价模块、局部评价模块、设备评价模块和参数评价模块；
    所述经济评价模块包含能耗模块和物耗模块；
    各模块均单独集成并通过计算机显示，计算机与安装至脱硫装置各处的数据采集器连接，数据采集器对应各获取的参数单元数据一一设置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统，其特征在于，基于评价指标制定对应的数据检测收集器，并对应的安装至脱硫系统相应位置，且各数据检测收集器均与在线数据控制平台连接；将评价指标根据不同评价层级进行关联连接，形成对应的评价层级。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统，其特征在于，还包含故障预警警报系统和经济预警系统，且二者均为三级警报级别，一级为正常状态且显示绿色、二级为关注状态且显示黄色和三级为警示状态且显示红色。
  4. 一种如权利要求1至3任意一项所述的脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统的应用方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：
    步骤一、通过设计条件，现场实际情况，历史运行数据，结合理论和运行经验，对运行参数，通过建模，编制算法程序并将算法程序内置入计算机系统中；
    步骤二、建立数学模型，将收集对应参数单元的历史数据，选取正常工况下数据再选择线性或非线性回归数学模型进行拟合并进行评价指标分析，找出关联参数和动态期望值；
    步骤三、基于参数单元制定对应的数据检测收集器，并对应的安装至脱硫系统相应位置，且各数据检测收集器均与计算机中在线数据控制平台连接；将参数单元根据不同评价模块进行关联连接，形成对应的评价模块；对系统评价模块、子系统评价模块、局部评价模块、设备评价模块、参数评价模块和经济评价模块中参数单元设计阈值，明确参数单元允许波动范围和报警限值；
    步骤四、每个参数单元的期望值与在线运行值比较，得出单个参数单元的评分，确定模块中参数单元的评价规则，对不同模块中脱硫装置正常运行时、出现应急状况以及正常停运等三种状况下参数单元进行评价；
    步骤五、对应评价规则通过在线数据控制平台进行实时数据收集和评价，在线数据控制平台 根据评价结果进行反馈控制。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统的应用方法，其特征在于，建立数学模型，将收集对应参数单元的历史数据，选取正常工况下数据概率在85％以上数值或范围的为特征值，在特征值上下10％的数据为允许浮动范围，再选择线性或非线性回归数学模型进行拟合并进行评价指标分析，找出关联参数和动态期望值；
    单个参数单元中动态正常参数值范围，需考虑环境温度的变化，包含季节变换，室内室外及天气突变等因素。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统的应用方法，其特征在于，经济评价模块的评价规则：通过参数单元，如电流，电压，电度，计算重要辅机的能耗，形成评价能耗模块；通过石灰石浆液流量，密度，计算石灰石实时物耗，形成评价物耗模块；
    在经济评价模块评价过程中通过一定时间段的小指标累计值，计算各运行班组值班期间的小指标累计量，自动评比；通过全负荷工况下的历史数据，显示实时负荷工况下的能耗，物耗，并与最优值进行对比，提出经济性运行的分级反馈。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统的应用方法，其特征在于，对于参数单元的权重系数和应急级别：根据参数单元的重要性设定权重系数，权重系数分为0、1、2三个级别并保留拓展接口；根据参数单元对模块的影响设立应急级别，分别为1、2、3、4和5级别并保留拓展接口；
    其中，一般属性参数单元确定为应急级别1；具备安全或经济属性的确定为应急级别2；对于装置事故跳闸、保护跳闸的开关量，表现为重要安全属性，确定为应急级别3；停运后对系统运行没有影响的定位应急级别4；对模拟量有关品质判断点为坏点时确定为应急级别5；根据各类属性的数量和分值定义，自动赋予各类基本单元在评价中的占比；
    对于有备用设备的，可通过备用连锁自动投入；备用设备投入后，非正常停运设备将不再作为安全类拉低该子系统分值；但设备影响的参数，如流量，仍按找该运行参数的评分规则计分。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统的应用方法，其特征在于，参数评价模块中参数单元为影响装置运行、效率和质量的主控指标，参数级别的评价规则为：评价指标得分包含安全得分与优化得分两个分值,其中安全得分满分80分，优化得分满分20分，评价指标的得分为安全得分与优化得分之和；
    对于安全得分：评价指标实际运行值在允许值(含)范围内计80分，超过允许值时按应急 级别分为级别1、级别2、级别3、级别4、级别5、五种情况，应急级别为1的，安全得分范围在60-79之间，计算方式为实际运行值与极限值的偏差，采用插值法计分，超过极限值的按60分计算；应急级别为2的，安全得分范围在0-59，计算方式为实际运行值与极限值的偏差，采用插值法计分，超过极限值的按0分计算；应急级别为3的，实际运行值偏离最优值的按0分计算；应急级别为4的，实际运行值偏离最优值的按59.9分计算；应急级别为5的，实际运行值偏离最优值的按-1分计算；
    优化得分：应急级别为1、2的指标实际运行值在允许值范围内的，得分按实际运行值与最优值偏差，采用插值法计算得分；应急级别为3、4、5的指标实际运行值偏离最优值的按0分计算得分。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统的应用方法，其特征在于，系统评价模块、子系统评价模块、局部评价模块和设备评价模块的评价规则为：①所有参数单元均高于80分的，按权重系数加权平均；②任一参数单元低于80分的，取该评价指标作为评价得分；③多个参数单元低于80分的，取最低值作为该评价得分；④子系统内所有参数单元任一触发应急项3时该评价得分为0分；⑤系统内所有参数单元任一触发应急项5时，将该参数单元分数记为0分按照参数单元加权平均计入到评价得分。
  10. 如权利要求4所述的脱硫装置运行性能及经济性的实时评价系统的应用方法，其特征在于，其特征在于，对于步骤二中，历史数据至少选取对应参数单元一年的数据或一个工作周期，并对应的通过实际监测数据对模型进行验证和修正；对应的评价结果在步骤五中通过在线数据控制平台评分在80-100内显示绿色，60-79内显示黄色，60分一下显示红色；其中绿色代表正常状态，黄色代表关注状态，红色代表警示状态。
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