WO2022095282A1 - 一种定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机 - Google Patents

一种定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022095282A1
WO2022095282A1 PCT/CN2021/072975 CN2021072975W WO2022095282A1 WO 2022095282 A1 WO2022095282 A1 WO 2022095282A1 CN 2021072975 W CN2021072975 W CN 2021072975W WO 2022095282 A1 WO2022095282 A1 WO 2022095282A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
stator
tooth structure
rotor
vernier
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2021/072975
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李大伟
房莉
任翔
曲荣海
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Priority to US17/765,847 priority Critical patent/US11990793B2/en
Publication of WO2022095282A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022095282A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2746—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets arranged with the same polarity, e.g. consequent pole type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H02K1/2787—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/2789—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2791—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02—Details
    • H02K21/021—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux
    • H02K21/022—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator
    • H02K21/023—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator by varying the amount of superposition, i.e. the overlap, of field and armature
    • H02K21/024—Radial air gap machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/52—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
    • H02K3/521—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only
    • H02K3/522—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only for generally annular cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of permanent magnet motors, and more particularly, relates to a vernier permanent magnet motor whose stator has coded auxiliary teeth.
  • motors play an important role in the performance of manufacturing equipment.
  • higher requirements are placed on the performance of the motor such as torque density, response speed, and torque ripple.
  • High torque density has always been the main goal of motor development, which is of great significance for reducing the volume and cost of the drive system and improving the response speed of the system.
  • the torque density of traditional permanent magnet motors is limited by the development of high-performance materials and cooling systems, and it is difficult to further improve.
  • the present invention provides a vernier permanent magnet motor with coded auxiliary teeth in the stator, the purpose of which is to improve the torque density of the motor without increasing the amount of permanent magnets, so that the motor has Stronger torque output capability.
  • a vernier permanent magnet motor whose stator has coded auxiliary teeth, comprising a coaxially sleeved stator and a rotor, and an air gap is formed between the stator and the rotor;
  • the stator is provided with a coded auxiliary tooth structure on the side close to the air gap, and part of the coded auxiliary tooth structure is provided with a first permanent magnet;
  • the rotor is surrounded by a side surface close to the air gap.
  • first permanent magnets and the ferromagnets are used to generate a first magnetic field
  • second permanent magnets and the coded The auxiliary tooth structure is used to generate a second magnetic field, and the magnetic field formed by the superposition of the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field is the working magnetic field of the vernier permanent magnet motor.
  • the coded auxiliary tooth structure is formed by superposing multiple groups of tooth structure arrays evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the number of teeth, spatial positions and tooth widths of each group of tooth structure arrays are different.
  • stator includes a stator yoke, a main tooth structure and the coded auxiliary tooth structure sequentially arranged on the side surface of the stator yoke.
  • the main tooth structure is formed by a plurality of main teeth with a first tooth diameter and a second tooth diameter alternately formed, and the first tooth diameter is smaller than the second tooth diameter.
  • the vernier permanent magnet motor further includes: windings arranged around the outside of the main teeth whose tooth diameter is the second tooth diameter.
  • the second permanent magnets are magnetized radially, and the magnetization directions are the same.
  • the first permanent magnet is radially magnetized, and the magnetization direction is the same as the magnetization direction of the second permanent magnet.
  • the material of the coded auxiliary tooth structure is a ferromagnetic material.
  • the vernier permanent magnet motor further includes: a rotating shaft, the outer side of the rotating shaft is sleeved with the stator and the rotor in sequence, or the outer side of the rotating shaft is sleeved with the rotor and the stator in sequence.
  • stator teeth interact with the permanent magnets on the rotor to generate a magnetic field
  • the permanent magnets on the stator teeth interact with the ferromagnets on the rotor to generate a magnetic field.
  • the two magnetic fields are superimposed on each other to form a multi-working magnetic field. large, so that the motor has a stronger torque output capability and improves the torque density of the motor;
  • the multi-working magnetic field harmonics generated by the interaction between the coded auxiliary teeth and the permanent magnets on the rotor can induce the back EMF of the same phase in the windings, so as to achieve higher output under the same amount of permanent magnets.
  • the magnetic field generated by the interaction between the permanent magnets on the stator teeth and the ferromagnetic poles of the rotor also has this feature, thus making the motor have a high torque density;
  • the stator teeth are designed as an integrated structure of main teeth and auxiliary teeth.
  • the width of the main teeth is alternately arranged.
  • the wider main teeth are wound with winding coils, and the narrower main teeth provide more slot space for the winding coils.
  • the slot full rate of the winding coils, and the permanent magnets are arranged on the auxiliary teeth to ensure that the permanent magnets have a larger installation area and further improve the torque output capacity of the motor;
  • the winding is formed as a single-layer concentrated winding with rich harmonics, which can be interlinked with multiple harmonics of the excitation working magnetic field to generate electromechanical energy conversion, and has a stronger motor torque output capability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vernier permanent magnet motor with a stator having coded secondary teeth according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of the initial structure of a vernier permanent magnet motor with coded auxiliary teeth in a stator provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • 2B is a schematic diagram of an optimized structure of a vernier permanent magnet motor with coded auxiliary teeth in a stator having coded auxiliary teeth according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a stator in a vernier permanent magnet motor whose stator has coded secondary teeth according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a vernier permanent magnet motor with coded secondary teeth in a stator provided by an embodiment of the present invention after installing permanent magnets and winding windings on the stator side;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor in a vernier permanent magnet motor whose stator has coded secondary teeth according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a vernier permanent magnet motor with a stator having coded secondary teeth according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 is the stator
  • 11 is the coded auxiliary tooth structure
  • 12 is the first permanent magnet
  • 13 is the stator yoke
  • 14 is the main tooth structure
  • 2 is the rotor
  • 21 is the second permanent magnet
  • 22 is the ferromagnet
  • 3 is the gas gap
  • 4 is the winding
  • 5 is the shaft.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vernier permanent magnet motor with a stator having coded secondary teeth according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1 , and in conjunction with FIGS. 2A to 6 , the vernier permanent magnet motor with coded auxiliary teeth in the stator of this embodiment will be described in detail.
  • the vernier permanent magnet motor whose stator has coded auxiliary teeth includes a stator 1 and a rotor 2 that are coaxially sleeved, and an air gap 3 is formed between the stator 1 and the rotor 2 .
  • a side surface of the stator 1 close to the air gap 3 is provided with an encoded auxiliary tooth structure 11
  • a part of the encoded auxiliary tooth structure 11 is provided with a first permanent magnet 12 .
  • a plurality of pairs of second permanent magnets 21 and ferromagnets 22 are arranged around the side of the rotor 2 near the air gap 3 , and the second permanent magnets 21 and 22 are alternately surrounded on the side of the rotor 2 near the air gap 3 .
  • the first permanent magnet 12 interacts with the ferromagnet 22 to generate a first magnetic field
  • the second permanent magnet 21 interacts with the coded auxiliary tooth structure 11 to generate a second magnetic field.
  • the magnetic field formed by the superposition of the two magnetic fields is used as the working magnetic field of the vernier permanent magnet motor to improve the torque output capability of the motor.
  • the coded auxiliary tooth structure 11 in this embodiment is formed by superposing multiple groups of tooth structure arrays evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the number of teeth, spatial positions and tooth widths of each group of tooth structure arrays are different. Specifically, the coded auxiliary tooth structure 11 is obtained by superimposing and optimizing multiple groups of tooth structure arrays with regular shapes and uniform distribution in the circumferential direction.
  • the air gap magnetic field generated by the interaction between these individual tooth structure arrays and the second permanent magnet can be The back EMF is induced in the windings, and the phase of the back EMF is the same. Therefore, these tooth structure arrays are superimposed to obtain the initial coded auxiliary teeth, as shown in Figure 2A.
  • the number of coded auxiliary teeth provided with the first permanent magnet 12 and the size of the first permanent magnet 12 can be optimized according to the performance of the motor, so that the working magnetic field generated by the interaction between the first permanent magnet 12 and the ferromagnet 22 can be optimized.
  • the harmonics create a back EMF of the same phase in the windings, which further increases the torque output capability of the motor.
  • the vernier permanent magnet motor also includes a rotating shaft 5 .
  • the rotor 2 and the stator 1 are sequentially sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft 5, and the radial direction from the outside to the inside is the stator 1, the rotor 2 and the rotating shaft 5, and the formed structure is shown in Figure 1; or, the stator 1 and the rotor 2 are sleeved in sequence
  • the rotor 2 , the stator 1 and the rotating shaft 5 are sequentially arranged from the outside to the inside in the radial direction, and the formed structure is shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the stator 1 includes a stator yoke portion 13 , a main tooth structure 14 and an encoded auxiliary tooth structure 11 sequentially arranged on the side surface of the stator yoke portion 13 , and the main tooth structure and the encoded auxiliary tooth structure in the main tooth structure 14
  • the coded auxiliary teeth in 11 correspond to each other one by one, and the coded auxiliary tooth structure 11 is integrated with the main tooth structure 14 to form a stator tooth structure, and the finally formed stator is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the number of stator tooth structures is, for example, 6, and the number of stator tooth structures provided with the first permanent magnets 12 is, for example, 3, that is, three coded auxiliary teeth are provided with permanent magnets, as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the main tooth structure 14 is alternately formed by a plurality of main teeth having a first tooth diameter and a second tooth diameter, and the first tooth diameter is smaller than the second tooth diameter.
  • the tooth diameter of the main tooth refers to the size of the main tooth along the circumferential direction of the stator, and can also be defined as the width of the main tooth.
  • the vernier permanent magnet motor whose stator has coded auxiliary teeth further includes a winding 4 , and the winding 4 is arranged around the outer side of the main tooth whose tooth diameter is the second tooth diameter, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the main teeth on the stator are arranged in a structure of alternating width and narrowness, the winding coil is wound on the wider main tooth, and the narrower main tooth provides a larger slot space for the winding coil and improves the slot full rate of the winding coil, so that the vernier Permanent magnet motors output greater torque and are easy to wind and install winding coils.
  • specific winding coils are connected in series or in parallel to form phase windings, for example, the windings 4 wound on spatially opposite main teeth are connected in series to form one phase winding.
  • a plurality of alternately arranged second permanent magnets 21 and ferromagnets 22 are surrounded on the side of the rotor 2 close to the air gap 3 . Still taking the motor structure with the stator outside shown in FIG. 1 as an example, the structure formed by the rotor 2 , the second permanent magnet 21 and the ferromagnetic body 22 is shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the second permanent magnets 21 on the rotor 2 are radially magnetized, and the magnetization directions of the plurality of second permanent magnets 21 are the same; the first permanent magnets 12 on the coded auxiliary tooth structure 11 are also radially magnetized. magnetization, and the magnetization direction of the first permanent magnet 12 is the same as the magnetization direction of the second permanent magnet 21, for example, the magnetization directions of all the first permanent magnets 12 and the second permanent magnets 21 are radially inward or uniform radially outward.
  • the material of the coded auxiliary tooth structure 11 is a ferromagnetic material, and the material of the main tooth structure 14 is also a ferromagnetic material.
  • the material of the rotor 2 is a ferromagnetic material.
  • the ferromagnetic material is, for example, iron, steel, nickel, cobalt or the like. Therefore, the permanent magnet array on the rotor 2 interacts with the ferromagnetic coded auxiliary tooth structure 11 on the stator 1 to generate a magnetic field, and the ferromagnetic array on the rotor 2 interacts with the permanent magnet on the coded auxiliary tooth structure 11 to generate a magnetic field. Another magnetic field, these two magnetic fields are superimposed on each other to generate more working magnetic fields with larger amplitudes, so that the motor has a stronger torque output capability on the basis of using less permanent magnet materials.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

一种定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机，属于永磁电机技术领域，包括：同轴套设的定子(1)和转子(2)，定子(1)与转子(2)之间形成有气隙(3)；定子(1)中靠近气隙(3)的侧面上设置有编码式副齿结构(11)，且编码式副齿结构(11)的部分结构上设置有第一永磁体(12)；转子(2)中靠近气隙(3)的侧面上环绕设置有多对交替分布的第二永磁体(21)和铁磁体(22)；第一永磁体(12)和铁磁体(22)产生第一磁场，第二永磁体(21)和编码式副齿结构(11)产生第二磁场，磁场叠加后形成工作磁场。编码式副齿结构与转子上的永磁体相互作用，编码式副齿结构上的永磁体与转子上的铁磁体相互作用，产生的磁场相互叠加形成多工作磁场，工作磁场幅值更大，且主要工作磁场谐波在绕组中产生的反电势相位一致，使得电机具有更强的转矩输出能力。

Description

一种定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机 【技术领域】
本发明属于永磁电机技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机。
【背景技术】
电机作为工业机器人、芯片制造设备、数控机床等重大制造装备的核心零件，对制造装备性能具有重要作用。随着制造装备性能的不断提升，对电机的转矩密度、响应速度、转矩脉动等性能提出了更高的要求。
高转矩密度一直是电机发展的主要目标，其对于降低驱动系统的体积、成本，提升系统的响应速度等具有重要意义。传统永磁电机的转矩密度受高性能材料和冷却系统发展的限制，难以进一步提升。
【发明内容】
针对现有技术的缺陷和改进需求，本发明提供了一种定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机，其目的在于在不增加永磁体用量的前提下提高电机的转矩密度，使得电机具有更强的转矩输出能力。
为实现上述目的，按照本发明的一个方面，提供了一种定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机，包括同轴套设的定子和转子，所述定子与转子之间形成有气隙；所述定子中靠近气隙的侧面上设置有编码式副齿结构，且所述编码式副齿结构中的部分结构上设置有第一永磁体；所述转子中靠近气隙的侧面上环绕设置有多对第二永磁体和铁磁体，所述第二永磁体和铁磁体交替分布；其中，所述第一永磁体和铁磁体用于产生第一磁场，所述第二永磁体和编码式副齿结构用于产生第二磁场，所述第一磁场与第二磁 场叠加后形成的磁场为所述游标永磁电机的工作磁场。
更进一步地，所述编码式副齿结构由多组沿圆周方向均匀分布的齿结构阵列叠加形成，各组齿结构阵列的齿数、空间位置和齿宽不同。
更进一步地，所述定子包括定子轭部、依次设置在所述定子轭部侧面上的主齿结构和所述编码式副齿结构。
更进一步地，所述主齿结构由多个齿径为第一齿径和第二齿径的主齿交替形成，所述第一齿径小于第二齿径。
更进一步地，所述游标永磁电机还包括：绕组，环绕设置在齿径为所述第二齿径的主齿外侧。
更进一步地，所述第二永磁体径向充磁，且充磁方向相同。
更进一步地，所述第一永磁体径向充磁，且充磁方向与所述第二永磁体的充磁方向相同。
更进一步地，所述编码式副齿结构的材料为铁磁材料。
更进一步地，所述游标永磁电机还包括：转轴，所述转轴的外侧依次套设有所述定子和转子，或者，所述转轴的外侧依次套设有所述转子和定子。
总体而言，通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案，能够取得以下有益效果：
(1)定子齿部与转子上的永磁体相互作用产生磁场，定子齿部上的永磁体与转子上的铁磁体相互作用产生磁场，两个磁场相互叠加形成多工作磁场，工作磁场幅值更大，使得电机具有更强的转矩输出能力，提高了电机转矩密度；
(2)编码式副齿与转子上的永磁体相互作用产生的多工作磁场谐波，可以在绕组中感应出相位相同的反电势，从而实现在相同永磁体的用量下，输出更高的转矩；类似的，定子齿部上的永磁体与转子铁磁极相互作用产生的磁场也具有这种特征，由此使得电机具有很高的转矩密度；
(3)将定子齿部设计为主齿副齿集成结构，主齿宽窄交替设置，较宽的主齿上缠有绕组线圈，较窄的主齿为绕组线圈提供更大的槽部空间，提高绕组线圈的槽满率，副齿上设置永磁体，保证永磁体具有更大的安装区域，进一步提高电机转矩输出能力；
(4)绕组形成为单层集中绕组，谐波丰富，可以与多个励磁工作磁场谐波相互交链以产生机电能量转换，具有更强的电机转矩输出能力。
【附图说明】
图1为本发明实施例提供的定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机的结构示意图；
图2A为本发明实施例提供的定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机中编码式副齿的初始结构示意图；
图2B为本发明实施例提供的定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机中编码式副齿的优化结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机中定子的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机中定子侧安装永磁体及缠绕绕组后的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机中转子的结构示意图；
图6为本发明另一实施例提供的定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机的结构示意图。
在所有附图中，相同的附图标记用来表示相同的元件或者结构，其中：
1为定子，11为编码式副齿结构，12为第一永磁体，13为定子轭部，14为主齿结构，2为转子，21为第二永磁体，22为铁磁体，3为气隙，4为绕组，5为转轴。
【具体实施方式】
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
在本发明中，本发明及附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。
图1为本发明实施例提供的定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机的结构示意图。参阅图1，同时结合图2A-图6，对本实施例中的定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机进行详细说明。
定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机包括同轴套设的定子1和转子2，定子1与转子2之间形成有气隙3。定子1中靠近气隙3的侧面上设置有编码式副齿结构11，编码式副齿结构11中的部分结构上设置有第一永磁体12。转子2中靠近气隙3的侧面上环绕设置有多对第二永磁体21和铁磁体22，且第二永磁体21和铁磁体22交替环绕在转子2中靠近气隙3的侧面上。第一永磁体12和铁磁体22相互作用产生第一磁场，第二永磁体21和编码式副齿结构11相互作用产生第二磁场，第一磁场和第二磁场方向相同，第一磁场和第二磁场叠加后形成的磁场作为游标永磁电机的工作磁场，以提高电机的转矩输出能力。
本实施例中的编码式副齿结构11是由多组沿圆周方向均匀分布的齿结构阵列叠加形成，各组齿结构阵列的齿数、空间位置和齿宽不同。具体地，编码式副齿结构11由多组形状规则、沿圆周方向均匀分布的齿结构阵列叠加、优化后得到，这些单独的齿结构阵列与第二永磁体相互作用产生的气隙磁场均可以在绕组中感应反电势，且反电势相位相同，因此将这些齿结构阵列叠加起来得到初始编码式副齿，如图2A所示，该过程与编码器的编 码过程非常相似，故命名为编码式副齿。为了使气隙的工作磁场更大，进一步对编码式副齿进行结构优化，得到最终的编码式副齿，如图2B所示。因此，在相同电机体积、永磁体的用量下，具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机相比定子是普通分裂齿结构的游标永磁电机，可以输出更高的转矩。类似的，可以根据电机性能对设置有第一永磁体12的编码式副齿的数量以及第一永磁体12的尺寸进行优化设计，使第一永磁体12和铁磁体22相互作用产生的工作磁场谐波在绕组中产生相同相位的反电势，从而进一步增大电机的转矩输出能力。
游标永磁电机还包括转轴5。转子2和定子1依次套设在转轴5的外侧，径向从外到内依次为定子1、转子2和转轴5，形成的结构如图1所示；或者，定子1和转子2依次套设在转轴5的外侧，径向从外到内依次为转子2、定子1和转轴5，形成的结构如图6所示。
本发明实施例中，定子1包括定子轭部13、依次设置在定子轭部13侧面上的主齿结构14和编码式副齿结构11，主齿结构14中的主齿和编码式副齿结构11中的编码式副齿一一对应，编码式副齿结构11与主齿结构14集成以形成定子齿结构，最终形成的定子如图3所示。定子齿结构的数量例如为6，设置有第一永磁体12的定子齿结构的数量例如为3，即3个编码式副齿上设置有永磁体，如图4所示。
本发明实施例中，主齿结构14由多个齿径为第一齿径和第二齿径的主齿交替形成，第一齿径小于第二齿径。主齿的齿径是指主齿沿定子圆周方向的尺寸，也可以定义为主齿的宽度。
定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机还包括绕组4，绕组4环绕设置在齿径为第二齿径的主齿的外侧，如图1所示。将定子上的主齿设置为宽窄交替的结构，较宽的主齿上缠绕绕组线圈，较窄的主齿为绕组线圈提供更大的槽部空间，提高绕组线圈的槽满率，从而使游标永磁电机输出更大的转矩，并且便于缠绕安装绕组线圈。进一步地，特定绕组线圈之间串联或 并联以构成相绕组，例如将空间上相对的主齿上缠绕的绕组4串联以构成一个相绕组。
转子2中靠近气隙3的侧面上环绕有多个交替设置的第二永磁体21和铁磁体22。仍以图1中示出的定子在外的电机结构为例，转子2、第二永磁体21和铁磁体22形成的结构如图5所示。
本发明实施例中，转子2上的第二永磁体21径向充磁，且上述多个第二永磁体21的充磁方向相同；编码式副齿结构11上的第一永磁体12也径向充磁，且第一永磁体12的充磁方向与第二永磁体21的充磁方向相同，例如所有第一永磁体12和第二永磁体21的充磁方向均径向向内或均径向向外。
编码式副齿结构11的材料为铁磁材料，主齿结构14的材料也为铁磁材料。转子2的材料为铁磁材料。铁磁材料例如为铁、钢、镍、钴等材料。由此，转子2上的永磁体阵列与定子1上的铁磁体编码式副齿结构11相互作用产生一磁场，转子2上的铁磁体阵列与编码式副齿结构11上的永磁体相互作用产生另一磁场，这两个磁场相互叠加以产生更多的、幅值更大的工作磁场，使得电机在使用更少永磁材料的基础上，具有更强的转矩输出能力。
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机，其特征在于，包括同轴套设的定子(1)和转子(2)，所述定子(1)与转子(2)之间形成有气隙(3)；
    所述定子(1)中靠近气隙(3)的侧面上设置有编码式副齿结构(11)，且所述编码式副齿结构(11)中的部分结构上设置有第一永磁体(12)；
    所述转子(2)中靠近气隙(3)的侧面上环绕设置有多对第二永磁体(21)和铁磁体(22)，所述第二永磁体(21)和铁磁体(22)交替分布；
    其中，所述第一永磁体(12)和铁磁体(22)用于产生第一磁场，所述第二永磁体(21)和编码式副齿结构(11)用于产生第二磁场，所述第一磁场与第二磁场叠加后形成的磁场为所述游标永磁电机的工作磁场。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机，其特征在于，所述编码式副齿结构(11)由多组沿圆周方向均匀分布的齿结构阵列叠加形成，各组齿结构阵列的齿数、空间位置和齿宽不同。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机，其特征在于，所述定子(1)包括定子轭部(13)、依次设置在所述定子轭部(13)侧面上的主齿结构(14)和所述编码式副齿结构(11)。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机，其特征在于，所述主齿结构(14)由多个齿径为第一齿径和第二齿径的主齿交替形成，所述第一齿径小于第二齿径。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机，其特征在于，所述游标永磁电机还包括：绕组(4)，环绕设置在齿径为所述第二齿径的主齿外侧。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机，其特征在于，所述第二永磁体(21)径向充磁，且充磁方向相同。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机，其特征在于，所述第一永磁体(12)径向充磁，且充磁方向与所述第二永磁体(21)的充磁方向相同。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机，其特征在于，所述编码式副齿结构(11)的材料为铁磁材料。
  9. 如权利要求1-8任一项所述的定子具有编码式副齿的游标永磁电机，其特征在于，所述游标永磁电机还包括：
    转轴(5)，所述转轴(5)的外侧依次套设有所述定子(1)和转子(2)，或者，所述转轴(5)的外侧依次套设有所述转子(2)和定子(1)。
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