WO2022092575A1 - Pressure vessel and manufacturing method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a manufacturing method for a pressure vessel, comprising the steps of: dry winding the outer peripheral surface of a liner with a fiber composite; and wet winding the outer peripheral surface of the dry-wound liner with a fiber composite.

Description

Pressure vessel and manufacturing method thereof

It relates to a pressure vessel and a method for manufacturing the same. More particularly, it relates to a method for manufacturing a pressure vessel comprising the steps of dry winding an outer circumferential surface of a liner with a fiber composite material, and wet winding an outer circumferential surface of the dry-wound liner with a fiber composite material, and a pressure vessel manufactured thereby.

A pressure vessel for storing high-pressure gas requires a material having a strong and high-pressure resistance, and in particular, in order to improve fuel efficiency and performance of a vehicle, it is essential to reduce the weight of the structure. The application of light and strong carbon fiber composites is one of the most effective ways to replace metal pressure vessels.

Composite material pressure vessels are usually manufactured through a filament winding process. The filament winding process has the advantage of being able to easily manufacture a cylindrical or curvature structure by integral molding, and maximizing the performance of the composite material by intensively reinforcing fibers in the load transfer direction. The filament winding process is a composite molding method in which a resin-impregnated continuous fiber is wound on a cylindrical rotating mandrel and cured to produce a rotationally symmetrical structure. A wet winding process, which is impregnated by passing it through a resin bath, is used.

The wet winding process is relatively inexpensive and has the advantage of being able to easily impart desired physical properties, for example, heat resistance, chemical resistance, flame retardancy, etc., to the pressure vessel by changing the type of resin or introducing various additives to the resin. However, in the wet winding process, the more the winding is, the greater the tension applied to the inner side, and accordingly, the inner resin may be discharged to the outside. Discharge of the inner resin has a problem of lowering the mechanical properties of the inner side of the pressure vessel.

An object of the present invention is to provide a pressure vessel having excellent mechanical properties and a method for manufacturing the same.

1. According to one aspect, a method of manufacturing a pressure vessel is provided. The method includes dry winding an outer circumferential surface of a liner with a fiber composite, and wet winding an outer circumferential surface of the dry wound liner with a fiber composite; may include steps.

2. In the first embodiment, the fiber composite includes fibers impregnated with a resin composition, in the fiber composite for dry winding, the resin is in a semi-cured state, and in the fiber composite for wet winding, the resin is uncured state may be

3. In the second embodiment, the dry winding fiber composite material may be a towpreg.

4. In the second or third embodiment, the fiber composite for wet winding may be a fiber immediately after passing through a bath containing a resin composition.

5. In any one of the second to fourth embodiments, the fiber may include at least one of carbon fiber and glass fiber.

6. In any one of the second to fifth embodiments, the resin may include an epoxy resin.

7. In any one of the first to sixth embodiments, the hoop layer may be formed by the dry winding, and the hoop layer and the helical layer may be formed by the wet winding.

8. In any one of the first to seventh embodiments, the dry winding forms a hoop layer in which four or more fiber composites are laminated, and the wet winding forms a hoop layer in which one or more fiber composites are laminated and two or more layers A helical layer laminated above can be formed.

9. In any one of the first to eighth embodiments, the area occupied by the fiber composite for dry winding in the cross section of the central portion of the pressure vessel perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the pressure vessel is the fiber composite for dry winding and the fiber composite for wet winding It may be 8% or more based on the total area of .

10. The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the liner and the fiber composite for dry winding are in direct contact, and the fiber composite for dry winding and the fiber composite for wet winding are directly contacted. can be contacted

11. Another aspect of the present invention provides a pressure vessel.

The pressure vessel may include a liner;

a hoop layer formed on the liner and formed by dry winding; and

and a hoop layer and a helical layer formed on the hoop layer and formed by wet winding.

12. In the 11th embodiment, the number of hoop layers formed by dry winding may be four or more, the number of hoop layers formed by wet winding may be one or more, and the number of helical layers formed by wet winding may be two or more. .

13. In the 11th or 12th embodiment, the area of the hoop layer formed by the dry winding in the cross section of the central portion of the pressure vessel perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the pressure vessel is the hoop layer formed by the dry winding and the hoop layer formed by the wet winding and the helical It may be 8% or more based on the total area of the layer.

14. Another aspect of the present invention provides a pressure vessel manufactured by the above manufacturing method.

The present invention has the effect of providing a pressure vessel having excellent mechanical properties and a method for manufacturing the same.

In the present specification, the singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

When the positional relationship of two parts is described with ‘on’, ‘on’, ‘on’, ‘beside’, etc., between the two parts unless ‘directly’ or ‘directly’ is used. One or more other parts may be located in

In this specification, terms such as include or have means that the features or components described in the specification exist, and the possibility that one or more other features or components will be added is not excluded in advance.

In interpreting the components, it is construed as including an error range even if there is no separate explicit description.

In the present specification, in "a to b" representing a numerical range, "to" is defined as ≥a and ≤b.

A method of manufacturing a pressure vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes dry winding an outer circumferential surface of a liner with a fiber composite material, and wet winding an outer circumferential surface of the dry-wound liner with a fiber composite material; includes steps.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

First, the outer peripheral surface of the liner is dry-winded with a fiber composite material.

In the method for manufacturing a pressure vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention, since the outer peripheral surface of the liner is wound with a dry fiber composite material, the resin may not escape due to tension, and as a result, the mechanical properties inside the pressure vessel may be excellent. there is.

Table 1 below shows the simulation results using the ABAQUS program for the main stress (unit: MPa) and expected rupture pressure (unit: bar) for a filling pressure of 1575 bar for a pressure vessel wound with a fiber composite on the outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical liner. The fiber composite material for dry winding and the fiber composite material for wet winding were set to include the same fiber and resin composition. The dry winding area ratio (unit: %) was calculated based on the total area of the fiber composite for dry winding and the fiber composite for wet winding in the central section of the pressure vessel perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the pressure vessel.

dry winding Area ratio (%)	0%	8%	50%	100%
Principal stress (MPa)	2901MPa	2872MPa	2719MPa	2622MPa
Expected burst pressure (bar)	1665.5 bar	1762.73 bar	1858.41 bar	1918.39bar

As can be seen from Table 1 above, the dry winding area ratio is

It can be seen that the higher the value, the lower the principal stress and the higher the expected rupture pressure. Therefore, it can be seen that the mechanical properties of the pressure vessel are improved by dry winding.

The liner is not particularly limited in shape, material, etc. as long as it can store high-pressure gas. For example, the liner may have a cylindrical shape and may be made of a plastic material (eg, polyethylene, polyamide, polypropylene, etc.).

The fiber composite material may include a fiber and a resin composition, and may be dried in a state suitable for dry winding. For example, the fiber composite material may include a fiber impregnated with a resin composition, and the resin may have a semi-cured state. Examples of such a fiber composite material may include, but are not limited to, towpregs.

The type of the fiber is not particularly limited, and various fibers commonly used in the field of manufacturing a pressure vessel may be used without limitation. For example, the fibers may include carbon fibers, glass fibers, or combinations thereof. According to one embodiment, the fiber may be a carbon fiber, but is not limited thereto.

The kind of resin included in the resin composition is not particularly limited, and various resins commonly used in the pressure vessel manufacturing field may be used without limitation. For example, the resin may include an epoxy resin, but is not limited thereto.

The resin composition contains at least one of a curing agent, a curing accelerator, a heat stabilizer, a UV stabilizer, an antioxidant, a flame retardant, a lubricant, an impact modifier, a dispersant, and an antioxidant, as necessary to improve process characteristics, stability, etc. in addition to the resin It may further include, and the content thereof may be freely selected by a person skilled in the art within a range that does not impair the purpose of the present invention.

The winding may include a hoop winding, a helical winding, or a combination thereof.

Thereafter, the outer peripheral surface of the dry-wound liner may be wet-wound with a fiber composite material.

Fiber composites in a dry state, for example, towpregs are expensive, and due to their large frictional force, it is not easy to correct them after winding, so workability may be low. In addition, the usable resin composition is also limited, so it may not be easy to impart desired physical properties to the pressure vessel through the resin composition. For example, if it is necessary to impart a predetermined flame retardancy to the pressure vessel according to the environment in which the pressure vessel is used, this can be achieved by changing, adding, or adding a flame retardant in the resin composition. The usable resin composition has no major restrictions on the type of resin, the type of additive, and their content, so it is easy to impart flame retardancy to the pressure vessel. It may be difficult to provide a predetermined flame retardancy to the pressure vessel because there are many restrictions on the content and the like. Therefore, in the method for manufacturing a pressure vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention, after winding the outer circumferential surface of the liner with a fiber composite in a dry state, additional winding with a fiber composite in a wet state can compensate for the above-described disadvantages of dry winding. . In other words, by manufacturing a pressure vessel by additionally performing wet winding after dry winding, a pressure vessel that satisfies physical properties suitable for a special environment can be manufactured by lowering the manufacturing cost and improving workability compared to manufacturing a pressure vessel through dry winding alone. It can be manufactured easily.

The fiber composite material may include a fiber and a resin composition, and may have a wet state suitable for wet winding. For example, the fiber composite material may include fibers impregnated with a resin composition, and the resin may be in an uncured state. Such a fiber composite material may be, for example, fibers immediately after passing through a bath containing a resin composition.

The type of the fiber is not particularly limited, and various fibers commonly used in the field of manufacturing a pressure vessel may be used without limitation. For example, the fibers may include carbon fibers, glass fibers, or combinations thereof. According to one embodiment, the fiber may be a carbon fiber, but is not limited thereto.

The kind of resin included in the resin composition is not particularly limited, and various resins commonly used in the pressure vessel manufacturing field may be used without limitation. For example, the resin may include an epoxy resin, but is not limited thereto.

The resin composition contains at least one of a curing agent, a curing accelerator, a heat stabilizer, a UV stabilizer, an antioxidant, a flame retardant, a lubricant, an impact modifier, a dispersant, and an antioxidant, as necessary to improve process characteristics, stability, etc. in addition to the resin It may further include, and the content thereof may be freely selected by a person skilled in the art within a range that does not impair the purpose of the present invention.

The winding may include a hoop winding, a helical winding, or a combination thereof.

According to one embodiment, the resin composite material for dry winding and the resin composite material for wet winding may include the same kind of resin and fiber. In this case, there may be an effect of lowering the manufacturing cost of the pressure vessel.

According to one embodiment, the hoop layer may be formed by dry winding, and the hoop layer and the helical layer may be formed by wet winding. Since the mechanical properties inside the pressure vessel are related to the hoop layer, when only the hoop layer is formed by dry winding, the same level of mechanical properties inside the pressure vessel is achieved compared to the case where both the hoop layer and the helical layer are formed. It can be advantageous in terms of manufacturing cost, workability, and ease of imparting physical properties through changing the resin composition by lowering the amount of composite material used. When the hoop layer is formed by dry winding, 4 or more (for example, 4 to 50 layers) of a fiber composite material may be laminated on the hoop layer, and the mechanical properties inside the pressure vessel may be excellent in the above range. , but is not limited thereto. When the hoop layer and the helical layer are formed by wet winding, one or more fiber composite layers (for example, 1 to 50 layers) may be laminated on the hoop layer, and two or more layers of the fiber composite material are stacked on the helical layer ( For example, 2 to 50 layers) may be laminated, and the mechanical properties of the entire pressure vessel and predetermined physical properties provided by the resin composition may be excellent in the above range, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Hoop layer/helical layer, helical layer/hoop layer, hoop layer/helical layer/hoop layer, helical layer/hoop layer/helical layer, hoop layer/helical layer/hoop layer/ A helical layer, a helical layer/hoop layer/helical layer/hoop layer, etc. may be formed, and the number of stacked hoop layers and helical layers may be appropriately selected by a person skilled in the art in consideration of desired physical properties.

According to one embodiment, the area occupied by the fiber composite for dry winding in the cross section of the central portion of the pressure vessel perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the pressure vessel is 8% or more based on the total area of the fiber composite for dry winding and the fiber composite for wet winding. there is. In the above range, the advantages of dry winding and wet winding can be maximized while the mechanical properties of the inside of the pressure vessel are excellent. For example, the area occupied by the fiber composite for dry winding in the central section of the pressure vessel perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the pressure vessel is 8% to 50% based on the total area of the fiber composite for dry winding and the fiber composite for wet winding, For another example, it may be 8 to 45%, for another example, 8 to 25%, and in the above range, the pressure vessel manufacturing cost, winding workability, mechanical properties inside the pressure vessel, and resin composition change to give predetermined physical properties The balance may be excellent in terms of ease, etc., but is not limited thereto.

According to one embodiment, the liner and the fiber composite for dry winding may be in direct contact, and the fiber composite for dry winding and the fiber composite for wet winding may be in direct contact.

According to an embodiment, the method may further include curing after wet and/or dry winding. As the curing method, a known method may be appropriately selected by a person skilled in the art in consideration of the type of resin and the like. For example, the fiber composite may include a thermosetting resin (eg, an epoxy resin), and may further include thermosetting after wet and/or dry winding.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a pressure vessel.

The pressure vessel includes a liner, a hoop layer formed on the liner by dry winding, and a hoop layer and a helical layer formed on the hoop layer by wet winding.

The number of hoop layers formed by dry winding may be four or more, the number of hoop layers formed by wet winding may be one or more, and the number of helical layers formed by wet winding may be two or more.

The area of the hoop layer formed by the dry winding in the cross section of the central portion of the pressure vessel perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the pressure vessel is 8% or more based on the total area of the hoop layer formed by the dry winding, the hoop layer formed by the wet winding, and the helical layer can

Another aspect of the present invention provides a pressure vessel manufactured by the above manufacturing method.

The above-described pressure vessel and its manufacturing method can minimize the disadvantages while maximizing the advantages of both processes by applying the dry winding and wet winding processes in combination. Accordingly, the above-described method for manufacturing the pressure vessel may be excellent in balance in terms of manufacturing cost, workability, and physical properties of the pressure vessel.

Up to now, the present invention has been looked at focusing on examples. Those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains will understand that the present invention can be implemented in modified forms without departing from the essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments are to be considered in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. The scope of the present invention is indicated in the claims rather than the foregoing description, and all differences within the scope equivalent thereto should be construed as being included in the present invention.

Claims (14)

1. dry winding the outer peripheral surface of the liner with a fiber composite, and

   wet winding the outer peripheral surface of the dry wound liner with a fiber composite; A method for manufacturing a pressure vessel, including the steps.
2. According to claim 1,

   The fiber composite includes a fiber impregnated with a resin composition,

   In the fiber composite for dry winding, the resin is in a semi-cured state,

   In the fiber composite material for wet winding, the resin is in an uncured state, a method of manufacturing a pressure vessel.
3. 3. The method of claim 2,

   The fiber composite material for dry winding is a towpreg (towpreg), a method of manufacturing a pressure vessel.
4. 3. The method of claim 2,

   The fiber composite material for wet winding is a fiber immediately after passing through a bath containing a resin composition, a method of manufacturing a pressure vessel.
5. 3. The method of claim 2,

   The method for manufacturing a pressure vessel, wherein the fiber comprises at least one of carbon fiber and glass fiber.
6. 3. The method of claim 2,

   The resin is a method of manufacturing a pressure vessel comprising an epoxy resin.
7. According to claim 1,

   forming a hoop layer by the dry winding,

   The method of manufacturing a pressure vessel, to form a hoop layer and a helical layer by the wet winding.
8. 8. The method of claim 7,

   Forming a hoop layer in which four or more layers of fiber composite are laminated by the dry winding,

   The method for manufacturing a pressure vessel, wherein the wet winding forms a hoop layer in which one or more layers of the fiber composite are stacked and a helical layer in which two or more layers are stacked.
9. According to claim 1,

   The area occupied by the fiber composite for dry winding in the cross section of the central portion of the pressure vessel perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the pressure vessel is 8% or more based on the total area of the fiber composite for dry winding and the fiber composite for wet winding, Method of manufacturing a pressure vessel .
10. According to claim 1,

    The liner and the fiber composite for dry winding are in direct contact with each other,

    The method for manufacturing a pressure vessel, wherein the fiber composite material for dry winding and the fiber composite material for wet winding are in direct contact.
11. liner;

    a hoop layer formed on the liner and formed by dry winding; and

    A pressure vessel comprising a; a hoop layer and a helical layer formed on the hoop layer, formed by wet winding.
12. 12. The method of claim 11,

    The hoop layer formed by the dry winding is four or more,

    The hoop layer formed by the wet winding is one or more layers, and the helical layer formed by the wet winding is two or more layers, the pressure vessel.
13. 12. The method of claim 11,

    The area of the hoop layer formed by the dry winding in the cross section of the central portion of the pressure vessel perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the pressure vessel is 8% or more based on the total area of the hoop layer formed by the dry winding, the hoop layer formed by the wet winding, and the helical layer phosphorus, pressure vessel.
14. A pressure vessel manufactured by the method for manufacturing a pressure vessel according to any one of claims 1 to 10.