WO2022089345A1 - 传感器 - Google Patents
传感器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022089345A1 WO2022089345A1 PCT/CN2021/126009 CN2021126009W WO2022089345A1 WO 2022089345 A1 WO2022089345 A1 WO 2022089345A1 CN 2021126009 W CN2021126009 W CN 2021126009W WO 2022089345 A1 WO2022089345 A1 WO 2022089345A1
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- Prior art keywords
- photoelectric conversion
- capacitor
- light
- conversion element
- control switch
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
- H04N23/84—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for processing colour signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/50—Control of the SSIS exposure
- H04N25/57—Control of the dynamic range
- H04N25/58—Control of the dynamic range involving two or more exposures
Definitions
- the present application belongs to the technical field of image processing, and specifically relates to a sensor.
- terminals such as mobile phones to take pictures.
- the purpose of the present application is to provide a sensor that at least solves the problems that multiple exposures will cause image edge dislocation, image distortion, etc., and then affect the image display effect.
- An embodiment of the present application proposes a sensor including a color filter array and a pixel circuit
- the pixel circuit includes a photoelectric conversion module
- the photoelectric conversion module includes a first photoelectric conversion element and a second photoelectric conversion element
- the light array includes a plurality of color filter units
- the color filter units include a first light-transmitting element
- the position of the first light-transmitting element corresponds to the position of the first photoelectric conversion element or the second light-transmitting element.
- the positions of the photoelectric conversion elements correspond.
- multiple exposure images can be obtained based on two photoelectric conversion elements in the sensor in one exposure.
- the multiple exposure images are fused , which can effectively reduce the problems of image edge dislocation and image distortion caused by multiple exposures, thereby improving the display effect of the image.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pixel circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of a first photoelectric conversion element and a second photoelectric conversion element provided by an embodiment of the present application;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another pixel circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another pixel circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another pixel circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a sensor provided by the present application.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a color filter array provided by the present application.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a camera module provided by the present application.
- 10 pixel circuit; 101—photoelectric conversion module; 102—capacitor module; 103—reset switch; 1011—first photoelectric conversion element; 1012—second photoelectric conversion element; 1021—first capacitor; 1022—second capacitor; 1023 - third capacitor; 1013 - first photoelectric conversion control switch; 1014 - second photoelectric conversion control switch; 104 - output module; 1041 - source follower; 1042 - column selection signal switch; 1024 - first capacitor control switch; 1025 20—color filter unit; 30—color filter array; 201—first light-transmitting element; 202—second light-transmitting element; 40—camera module; 401—protective film; 402— Lens; 403—voice coil motor; 404—supporting part; 405—infrared filter; 406—sensor; 407—soft board; 408—connecting part.
- the terms “installed”, “connected” and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication between two elements.
- installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication between two elements.
- An embodiment of the present application provides a pixel circuit 10, as shown in FIG. 1, including: a photoelectric conversion module 101, a capacitor module 102, and a reset switch 103, the first end of the photoelectric conversion module 101 is grounded, and the second end of the photoelectric conversion module 101 Connect the first end of the reset switch 103; the capacitor module 102 includes a first capacitor 1021, the first end of the first capacitor 1021 is grounded, and the second end of the first capacitor 1021 is connected to the first end of the reset switch 103; wherein, the photoelectric The conversion module 101 includes a first photoelectric conversion element 1011 and a second photoelectric conversion element 1012 connected in parallel; the first end of the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 is grounded, and the second end of the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 is connected to the reset switch 103 The first end; the first end of the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 is grounded, and the second end of the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 is connected to the first end of the reset switch 103 .
- the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 and the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 are devices that convert optical signals into electrical signals, for example, the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 and the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 may be photodiodes.
- the arrangement of the first photoelectric conversion elements 1011 and the second photoelectric conversion elements 1012 may also be various, for example, the second photoelectric conversion elements 1012 are arranged between adjacent first photoelectric conversion elements 1011; 1011 may be annular, and the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 is embedded in the first photoelectric conversion element 1011, as shown in FIG. 2 . It can be understood that the arrangement of the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 and the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 is not limited, and can be adjusted according to the layout and space of the terminal.
- the photoelectric conversion module 101 in the pixel circuit further includes at least one of the first photoelectric conversion control switch 1013 and the second photoelectric conversion control switch 1014; in the case where the photoelectric conversion module 101 includes the first photoelectric conversion control switch 1013, the first photoelectric conversion control switch 1013 The first end of a photoelectric conversion control switch 1013 is connected to the second end of the first photoelectric conversion element 1011, and the second end of the first photoelectric conversion control switch 1013 is connected to the first end of the reset switch 103; the photoelectric conversion module 101 includes a second end In the case of the photoelectric conversion control switch 1014, the first end of the second photoelectric conversion control switch 1014 is connected to the second end of the second photoelectric conversion element 1012, and the second end of the second photoelectric conversion control switch 1014 is connected to the first end of
- the photoelectric conversion module 101 includes a first photoelectric conversion element 1011 and a second photoelectric conversion element 1012.
- the first end of the first photoelectric conversion control switch 1013 is connected to the second end of the first photoelectric conversion element 1011, and the first photoelectric conversion control switch The second end of 1013 is connected to the first end of the reset switch 103; the first end of the second photoelectric conversion control switch 1014 is connected to the second end of the second photoelectric conversion element 1012, and the second end of the second photoelectric conversion control switch 1014 is connected to the reset The first end of switch 103 .
- the first photoelectric conversion control switch 1013 and the second photoelectric conversion control switch 1014 may be MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor, Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor). One end is the source, the second end is the drain, the gate of the MOSFET is connected to a timing control module (not shown in the figure), and the timing control module is used to control the closing and opening of each switch in the pixel circuit Order.
- MOSFETs Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor, Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor.
- the pixel circuit provided by the present application may further include an output module 104, as shown in FIG. 3, the first end of the output module 104 is grounded , the second end of the output module 104 is connected to the first end of the reset switch 103 .
- the output module 104 may further include a source follower 1041 and a column selection signal switch 1042. The first end of the source follower 1041 is connected to the first end of the reset switch 103, and the second end of the source follower 1041 is connected to the column selector The first terminal of the signal switch 1042 and the second terminal of the column selection signal switch 1042 are grounded.
- the working principle of the pixel circuit is as follows: the photoelectric conversion element generates electrons inside to form charges under illumination, transfers the charges to the capacitor to charge the capacitor to form a voltage, and reads the voltage of the capacitor, that is, after the photoelectric conversion element is exposed to light Corresponding voltage, based on this voltage, the corresponding exposure image after the photoelectric conversion element is exposed to light can be obtained. There is a corresponding relationship between the exposure degree of the exposure image and the magnitude of the voltage. Generally speaking, the greater the voltage, the greater the exposure degree of the obtained exposure image phenomenon, that is, the greater the light intensity collected by the photoelectric conversion element.
- the first photoelectric conversion control switch 1013 When the first photoelectric conversion control switch 1013 is closed, the charge generated by the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 is transferred to the first capacitor 1021, the source follower 1041 records the voltage U1 of the first capacitor 1021, the column selection signal switch 1042 is closed, and the Vout circuit output voltage value. Further, based on this voltage, an exposure image corresponding to the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 after being exposed to light is obtained.
- the voltage corresponding to the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 after being light-sensitive is read.
- the second photoelectric conversion control switch 1014 is closed, the charge generated by the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 is transferred to the first capacitor 1021, the source follower 1041 records the voltage U2 of the first capacitor 1021, the column selection signal switch 1042 is closed, and the Vout circuit output voltage value. Further, based on this voltage, an exposure image corresponding to the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 after being exposed to light is obtained.
- the voltage corresponding to the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 after being exposed to light is read first, and then the voltage corresponding to the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 after being exposed to light is read, which is only an example, and does not constitute a limitation to this application. It is also possible to first read the voltage corresponding to the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 after being photosensitive, and then read the voltage corresponding to the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 after being photosensitive.
- the exposure images corresponding to the photoelectric conversion element after being exposed to light can be regarded as being obtained simultaneously, that is, two exposure images can be obtained at the same time through one exposure.
- two exposure images are obtained by controlling the photoelectric conversion element to be sensitized twice in succession; then the difference between the exposure image corresponding to the first exposure of the photoelectric conversion element and the exposure image corresponding to the second exposure of the photoelectric conversion element is obtained. It is at least the time duration that the photoelectric conversion element lasts for the second time photosensitive. That is to say, there is a time interval between the acquisition of the two exposure images.
- the two exposure images Due to the existence of the time interval, if the shooting scene changes within this interval, for example, there are fast-moving objects in the shooting scene, the two exposure images will be During fusion, the two images are difficult to align, and the moving objects appear smearing and other image distortions.
- two exposure images can be acquired at the same time, that is, there is no time interval between the acquisition of the two exposure images, and the shooting scene at the same moment will not change, and then the two exposed images are fused. It can effectively reduce the image distortion such as difficult alignment and smearing of moving objects, greatly improve the quality of the image, and further improve the display effect of the image.
- the photoelectric conversion elements in the pixel circuit may be often exposed to light conditions, for example, the lens cover in the camera module of a mobile phone is not provided with a lens cover, so that the photoelectric conversion elements in the pixel circuit in the image sensor are always exposed to light conditions, then the internal Charges will be generated.
- the corresponding voltage of the photoelectric conversion element after exposure to the photoelectric conversion element can truly reflect the amount of charge generated by the photoelectric conversion element for this exposure, it is necessary to clear the residual charge inside the photoelectric conversion element before taking the image.
- the resulting voltage will be too large, and the resulting image will be similar to the actual shooting scene. image is biased.
- the photoelectric conversion element sensitizes a certain sampling point in the shooting scene. If the residual charge is not emptied, the residual charge is transferred to the capacitor together with the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion element during this shooting. The position of the sampling point is more exposed than the position of the sampling point in the actual shooting scene, that is, the brightness is higher, and the picture is distorted.
- the second end of the reset switch 103 is connected to the first power supply voltage VDD1, as shown in FIG. 3, so that the first power supply voltage VDD1 is loaded at the first power supply voltage VDD1.
- the photoelectric conversion element 1011 and the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 are used to clear the residual charges in the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 and the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 .
- the specific process is: closing the reset switch 103, the first photoelectric conversion control switch 1013 and the second photoelectric conversion control switch 1014, then the first power supply voltage VDD1 is loaded on the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 and the second photoelectric conversion element 1012, and the Charges remaining in the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 and the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 . Then, the reset switch 103, the first photoelectric conversion control switch 1013 and the second photoelectric conversion control switch 1014 are turned off, so that the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 and the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 start to receive light simultaneously to generate electric charges.
- the first capacitor 1021 may have residual charge, which is similar to the above-mentioned reason not to allow the residual charge of the photoelectric conversion element to distort the captured image.
- the electric charge remaining in the first capacitor 1021 also needs to be emptied.
- the specific process is: keep the first photoelectric conversion control switch 1013 and the second photoelectric conversion control switch 1014 disconnected, close the reset switch 103, load the power supply voltage VDD1 on the first capacitor 1021, and clear the residual charge on the first capacitor 1021. After the charge remaining on the first capacitor 1021 is emptied, the above process of reading the voltage corresponding to the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 and the voltage corresponding to the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 is performed.
- the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 and the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 may have the same size or different sizes, and the size may be the size of the photosensitive area of the photoelectric conversion element.
- the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 and the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 have the same size.
- the size of the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 and the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 are the same, the number of electrons generated by the two in the same time is the same, and the formed charges are the same, which are then transferred to the electrons read on the first capacitor 1021.
- the voltage is also the same.
- the magnitude of the voltage value is related to the exposure degree of the image. In this embodiment, two images with the same exposure degree can be obtained, and multiple frames of noise reduction can be performed based on the two images.
- the sizes of the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 and the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 are different.
- the size of the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 and the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 are different, the number of electrons generated by the two in the same time is different, and the formed charges are also different, and then transferred to the first capacitor 1021 for reading The voltages obtained are also different.
- the magnitude of the voltage value is related to the exposure degree of the image. In this embodiment, two images with different exposure degrees can be obtained, and HDR fusion can be performed based on the two images.
- the size ratio of the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 and the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 corresponds to the exposure degree ratio of two images with different exposure degrees.
- the size ratio of the photoelectric conversion element 1011 and the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 is 8:1, and the ratio of the charge generated by the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 to the charge generated by the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 is 8:1 in the same photosensitive time period, Furthermore, it can be obtained that the ratio of the voltage corresponding to the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 to the voltage corresponding to the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 after being photosensitive is 8:1, that is, the exposure degree of the exposure image corresponding to the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 after being photosensitive is equal to The ratio of the exposure degree of the exposure image corresponding to the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 after exposure is 8:1.
- the pixel circuit provided by the present application can obtain two exposure images by setting two photoelectric conversion elements and one capacitor. Based on this principle, the number of photoelectric conversion elements and/or the number of capacitors can also be increased, so that more exposure images can be obtained simultaneously with one exposure. For example, three photoelectric conversion elements and one capacitor are set to obtain three exposure images; further, the size of the three photoelectric conversion elements can be limited to adapt to multi-frame noise reduction and HDR respectively.
- the capacitor module 102 in the pixel circuit 10 provided by the present application further includes a second capacitor 1022 connected in parallel with the first capacitor 1021 , as shown in FIG. 4 ; The terminal is grounded, and the second terminal of the second capacitor 1022 is connected to the first terminal of the reset switch 103 .
- the capacitor module 102 further includes a first capacitor control switch 1024 connected in parallel with the first capacitor 1021, the first end of the first capacitor control switch 1024 is connected to the second end of the second capacitor 1022, the The second terminal of the first capacitance control switch 1024 is connected to the first terminal of the reset switch 103 .
- the first capacitance control switch 1024 may be a MOSFET, and the gate of the MOSFET is connected to a timing control module, and the timing control module is used to control the sequence of closing and opening of each switch in the pixel circuit.
- more exposure images can be obtained by adding the second capacitor 1022 in parallel with the first capacitor 1021 to control the working state of the first capacitor control switch 1024 .
- the specific process is as follows: First, read the voltage corresponding to the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 after being light-sensitive. Close the first photoelectric conversion control switch 1013, open the first capacitor control switch 1024, read the voltage on the first capacitor 1021, and obtain the first exposure image corresponding to the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 after being photosensitive; then close the first capacitor The switch 1024 is controlled to read the voltages on the first capacitor 1021 and the second capacitor 1022 connected in parallel, so as to obtain the second exposure image corresponding to the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 after being exposed to light.
- the capacitor module 102 in the pixel circuit 10 provided by the present application further includes a third capacitor 1023 connected in parallel with the first capacitor 1021 and the second capacitor 1022, as shown in FIG. 5; The first end of the capacitor 1023 is grounded, and the second end of the third capacitor 1023 is connected to the first end of the reset switch 103 .
- the capacitor module 102 further includes a second capacitor control switch 1025 connected in parallel with the first capacitor 1021 and the second capacitor 1022 respectively, and the first end of the second capacitor control switch 1025 is connected to the first capacitor 1025.
- the second terminal of the three capacitors 1023 and the second terminal of the second capacitor control switch 1025 are connected to the first terminal of the reset switch 103 .
- the second capacitance control switch 1025 may be a MOSFET, and the gate of the MOSFET is connected to a timing control module, and the timing control module is used to control the sequence of closing and opening of each switch in the pixel circuit.
- the exposure degree ratio can be obtained by controlling the closing and opening of the first capacitance control switch 1024 and the second capacitance control switch 1025 to read different voltage values. different images.
- the capacitance ratio of the first capacitor 1021, the second capacitor 1022, and the third capacitor 1023 is a:b:c
- the charge generated after reading the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 (assuming that the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 is exposed to light is X )
- the voltage on the first capacitor 1021 can be read as X/a; then close the first capacitor 1021
- the voltage across the capacitor 1023 in parallel is X/(a+c); then both the first capacitor control switch 1024 and the second capacitor control switch 1025 are closed, at this time the first capacitor 1021, the second capacitor 1022 and the third capacitor 1023 are connected in parallel,
- the parallel capacitance is a+b+c
- the voltage of the first capacitor 1021, the second capacitor 1022 and the third capacitor 1023 in parallel is read as X/(a+b+c)
- the exposure degree ratio is obtained as (X/ a): [X/(a+b)]: [X/(a+c)]: Four exposure images of [X/(a+b+c)].
- the exposure degree ratio can be obtained as (Y/a): [Y/ (a+b)]: [Y/(a+c)]: Four exposure images of [Y/(a+b+c)]. Since the amount of charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit is proportional to the size, 8 images with different exposure degrees can be obtained by setting the sizes of the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 and the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 to be different.
- the size of the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 is larger than the size of the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 , four images with strong exposure can be obtained based on the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 , and the exposure degree can be obtained based on the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 The weaker four images. Then, eight images with different exposure levels from underexposure to overexposure can be finally obtained, which makes the final fused HDR image of higher quality.
- the size ratio of the first photoelectric conversion element 1011 and the second photoelectric conversion element 1012 is 8:1, and the capacitance ratio of the first capacitor 1021 , the second capacitor 1022 and the third capacitor 1023 is 1:3:4.
- 8 exposure images with an exposure degree ratio of 320:80:64:40:40:10:8:5 can be obtained. It can be seen that the 8 exposure images involve a wider range of exposure ratios, which can make the details of the bright and dark areas in the final fused HDR image clearer.
- a color light-transmitting element is generally covered on the pixel circuit to collect color information.
- the present application also provides a sensor, including a Color Filter Array (CFA for short) and any pixel circuit provided in the present application, wherein the pixel circuit includes a photoelectric conversion module, and the photoelectric conversion module includes a first A photoelectric conversion element and a second photoelectric conversion element, the CFA includes a plurality of color filter units (in the following, one color filter unit is used as an example for description. It can be understood that when the CFA includes at least two color filter units , each of the color filter units can implement the following solution), the color filter unit includes a first light-transmitting element, and the position of the first light-transmitting element is the same as the position of the first photoelectric conversion element. Corresponding to or corresponding to the position of the second photoelectric conversion element, for example, the first light-transmitting element is disposed above the first photoelectric conversion element or above the second photoelectric conversion element.
- CFA Color Filter Array
- the word “upper” referring to the orientation between elements may indicate that the light will pass through the upper element first
- the word “down” referring to the orientation between the elements may indicate that the light will pass through the lower element afterward.
- the arrangement of the first light-transmitting element above the first photoelectric conversion element may indicate that the light from the outside will first pass through the first light-transmitting element and then reach the first photoelectric conversion element.
- the arrangement of the first light-transmitting element above the second photoelectric conversion element may indicate that the light from the outside will first pass through the first light-transmitting element and then reach the second photoelectric conversion element.
- a plurality of pixel circuits constitute a pixel circuit array
- the color filter units in the color filter array CFA correspond one-to-one with the pixel circuits.
- a pixel circuit is arranged under each color filter unit.
- the color filter array 30 includes a plurality of color filter units 20
- a pixel circuit 10 is arranged below each color filter unit 20
- the plurality of pixel circuits 10 constitute a pixel circuit array .
- the position of the first light-transmitting element corresponds to the position of the first photoelectric conversion element
- the color filter unit further includes a second light-transmitting element, the second light-transmitting element
- the position of the photoelectric conversion element corresponds to the position of the second photoelectric conversion element.
- the first light-transmitting element is arranged above the first photoelectric conversion element
- the second light-transmitting element is arranged above the second photoelectric conversion element. above.
- the first light transmitting element may be a red light transmitting element, a green light transmitting element or a blue light transmitting element; the second light transmitting element may be a green light transmitting element.
- FIG. 7 a top view of the color filter array CFA in this embodiment is shown.
- Each color filter unit 20 (indicated by a dashed box) includes a first light-transmitting element 201 and a second light-transmitting element 202, and each first light-transmitting element 201 in the color filter array 30 is a red light-transmitting element (in the figure, the first light-transmitting element 201 is a red light-transmitting element.
- each second light-transmitting element 202 is a green light-transmitting element (represented by G in the figure) .
- the color of the light transmitted by all the first light-transmitting elements is the same as the color of the light transmitted by all the second light-transmitting elements; that is, when the first light-transmitting element is a red light-transmitting element, the The second light transmitting element is also a red light transmitting element; when the first light transmitting element is a green light transmitting element, the second light transmitting element is also a green light transmitting element; when the first light transmitting element is a blue light transmitting element , the second light-transmitting element is also a blue light-transmitting element.
- an exposure image with color can be obtained based on the first photoelectric conversion element, and an exposure image with color can also be obtained based on the second photoelectric conversion element.
- the exposure image obtained based on the first photoelectric conversion element and the exposure image obtained based on the second photoelectric conversion element are fused, so that the final image obtained by fusion has color.
- the resolution of pictures obtained by this CFA scheme is not high.
- the second light-transmitting element is set as a green light-transmitting element, so that the exposure image obtained by the second photoelectric conversion element Details are sharper, full-resolution images.
- a red light transmitting element, a green light transmitting element or a blue light transmitting element are arranged above the first photoelectric conversion element, which are mainly used to obtain color information; green light is arranged above the second photoelectric conversion element
- the light-transmitting element is mainly used to obtain detailed information.
- the size of the first photoelectric conversion element and the second photoelectric conversion element can be further adjusted to adapt to different shooting scenarios.
- the size of the first photoelectric conversion element is larger than the size of the second photoelectric conversion element.
- the color information obtained by the first photoelectric conversion element is more, and the colors in the exposure image obtained based on the first photoelectric conversion element are also richer. and accurate, which can further improve the color display effect of the final fused image, and is suitable for shooting scenes with greater demand for color performance.
- the embodiments of the present application do not limit the positional relationship between the first light-transmitting element and the second light-transmitting element, and the shapes of the two.
- the positional relationship between the first light-transmitting element and the second light-transmitting element in FIG. 7 is , the size relationship, and the shape of the two are just an example to make it easier for the reader to see the color filter distribution.
- the positional relationship, size relationship and shape of the first light-transmitting element and the second light-transmitting element can be adaptively adjusted according to the positional relationship, size relationship and shape of the first photoelectric conversion element and the second photoelectric conversion element , as long as the first light-transmitting element is arranged above the first photoelectric conversion element, the light passing through the first light-transmitting element can completely cover the photosensitive area of the first photoelectric conversion element, and the second light-transmitting element is arranged on the first photoelectric conversion element. Above the two photoelectric conversion elements, the light passing through the second light-transmitting element can completely cover the photosensitive region of the second photoelectric conversion element. In general, the larger the size of the photoelectric conversion element, the larger the size of the light-transmitting element disposed above it.
- each first light-transmitting element is a red light-transmitting element, a green-light transmitting element or a blue-light transmitting element; and each second light-transmitting element is a green light-transmitting element, then , when specific to the same color filter unit, the color of the light transmitted by the first light-transmitting element will be the same as or different from the color of the light transmitted by the second light-transmitting element.
- the first light-transmitting element is a red light-transmitting element
- the second light-transmitting element is a green light-transmitting element
- the color of the light transmitted by the first light-transmitting element is the same as The colors of the light transmitted by the second light-transmitting element are different
- the first light-transmitting element is a green light-transmitting element
- the second light-transmitting element is also a green light-transmitting element , then the color of the light transmitted by the first light-transmitting element is the same as the color of the light transmitted by the second light-transmitting element.
- the first light-transmitting element and the second light-transmitting element can be combined into one light-transmitting element (called a light-transmitting element).
- a light-transmitting element To replace the light-transmitting element, it is provided above the first photoelectric conversion element and the second photoelectric conversion element.
- the second color filter unit includes a first light-transmitting element and a second light-transmitting element, and both light-transmitting elements are green light-transmitting elements.
- a green light-transmitting element smaller than the sum of the size of the first light-transmitting element and the second light-transmitting element replaces the first light-transmitting element and the second light-transmitting element, and directly covers the first photoelectric conversion element and the second photoelectric conversion element. above.
- the specific size of the replaced green light-transmitting element can be adaptively adjusted according to the layout and positional relationship between the first light-transmitting element and the second light-transmitting element; for example, the first light-transmitting element and the second light-transmitting element are closely arranged , then the size of the replacement light-transmitting element can be equal to the sum of the sizes of the first light-transmitting element and the second light-transmitting element; if the first light-transmitting element and the second light-transmitting element are spaced apart, the size of the replacement light-transmitting element can be larger than the size of the first light-transmitting element and the second light-transmitting element. The sum of the dimensions of the first light-transmitting element and the second light-transmitting element.
- the present application further provides a method for generating an image by using the sensor provided by the present application,
- the method includes:
- a target image is generated.
- the voltage corresponding to the first photoelectric conversion element after being exposed to light is read.
- the first photoelectric conversion control switch is closed, the charge generated by the first photoelectric conversion element is transferred to the first capacitor, the source follower records the voltage U1 of the first capacitor, the column selection signal switch is closed, and the voltage value U1 is output through the Vout circuit. That is, the first voltage value after the first photoelectric conversion element is photosensitive. Further, based on this voltage, an exposure image corresponding to the first photoelectric conversion element after being exposed to light is obtained.
- the voltage corresponding to the second photoelectric conversion element after being exposed to light is read.
- the second photoelectric conversion control switch is closed, the charge generated by the second photoelectric conversion element is transferred to the first capacitor, the source follower records the voltage U2 of the first capacitor, the column selection signal switch is closed, and the voltage value U2 is output through the Vout circuit. That is, the second voltage value after the second photoelectric conversion element is light-sensitive. Further, based on this voltage, an exposure image corresponding to the second photoelectric conversion element after being exposed to light is obtained.
- the first voltage value is actually a set of voltage values
- the second voltage value is also a set of voltage values.
- the capacitor module includes a first capacitor and a second capacitor
- the first voltage value corresponding to the first photoelectric conversion element after being light-sensitive is read.
- Close the first photoelectric conversion control switch open the first capacitor control switch, read the voltage on the first capacitor, and obtain the first exposure image corresponding to the first photoelectric conversion element after being photosensitive; then close the first capacitor control switch, read Taking the voltages on the first capacitor and the second capacitor connected in parallel, the second exposure image corresponding to the first photoelectric conversion element after being exposed to light is obtained.
- the first voltage value corresponding to the first photoelectric conversion element after exposure to light actually includes the voltage corresponding to the first exposure image obtained after exposure to the first photoelectric conversion element, and the voltage value obtained after exposure to the first photoelectric conversion element.
- the voltage corresponding to the second exposure image Then, the voltage corresponding to the second photoelectric conversion unit after being light-sensitive is read. Close the second photoelectric conversion control switch (the first photoelectric conversion control switch is in the off state at this time), open the first capacitor control switch, read the voltage on the first capacitor, and obtain the corresponding first photoelectric conversion element after the second photoelectric conversion element is photosensitive.
- An exposure image then close the first capacitor control switch, read the voltages on the first capacitor and the second capacitor connected in parallel, and obtain the second exposure image corresponding to the second photoelectric conversion element after being photosensitive. That is, the second voltage value corresponding to the second photoelectric conversion element after exposure to light actually includes the voltage corresponding to the first exposure image obtained after exposure to the second photoelectric conversion element, and the voltage obtained after exposure to the second photoelectric conversion element. The voltage corresponding to the second exposure image.
- the method further includes:
- the first photoelectric conversion control switch and the second photoelectric conversion control switch are kept disconnected, the reset switch is closed, the power supply voltage is loaded on each capacitor, and the residual charge on each capacitor is emptied.
- the present application also provides a camera module 40 including the sensor.
- the camera module 40 includes a protective film 401, a lens (Lens) 402, a voice coil motor (Voice Coil Motor) 403, a support Component 404 , infrared filter (IR Filter) 405 , sensor 406 provided by this application, flexible board (FPC) 407 , and connection component 408 .
- the lens (Lens) is used for focusing and focusing, the lens is wrapped and fixed by the voice coil motor, and the upper and lower ends of the voice coil motor are linked with the shrapnel.
- the motor When focusing, the motor generates an electromagnetic force by energizing, which is finally balanced with the elastic force of the shrapnel.
- the position of the motor can be controlled by the size of the energization, and then the lens is pushed to the focus position by the motor.
- the function of the infrared filter is to filter out the unnecessary light projected to the sensor. The light passing through the infrared filter can be perceived by the sensor, preventing the sensor from producing false color/moire, and improving its resolution and color reproduction.
- the voice coil motor includes an upper cover, an upper spring piece, a lower spring piece, a housing, a coil, a magnet, a moving part, a base, and a terminal.
- the upper cover plays the role of protecting the motor;
- the upper spring sheet when deformed, exerts a force on the motor, and the sum of the lower spring sheet balances the electromagnetic force;
- the outer casing is the main frame of the fixed part of the motor, which has a magnetic conductivity and can improve the magnetism.
- the coil When the coil is energized, an upward thrust is generated under the action of the magnetic field of the magnet, which drives other parts of the moving part to move together; the magnet generates a magnetic field, so that the energized coil generates an electromagnetic force under the action of its magnetic field, so that the moving parts carrier Move with the lens; when the lower spring is deformed, it exerts a force on the motor, and the sum of the upper spring balances the electromagnetic force; the base and the motor are directly assembled with the soft board; the mobile phone supplies power to the motor through the terminal.
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种传感器，涉及图像处理技术领域，解决现有技术中多次曝光会引起图像边缘错位，图像失真等问题，进而影响图像显示效果的技术问题。所述传感器包括彩色滤光阵列以及像素电路，所述像素电路包括光电转换模块，所述光电转换模块包括第一光电转换元件和第二光电转换元件，所述彩色滤光阵列包括多个彩色滤光单元，所述彩色滤光单元包括第一透光元件，所述第一透光元件的位置与所述第一光电转换元件的位置相对应或者与所述第二光电转换元件的位置相对应。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2020年10月29日提交在中国专利局、申请号为202011182295.0、发明名称为“一种传感器”的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请属于图像处理技术领域，具体涉及一种传感器。
当前，越来越多的用户选择利用手机等终端进行拍照。
为了得到理想的照片图像，现有技术在拍照时往往会进行多次曝光，以得到多张曝光程度不同的图像，然后再对得到的多张曝光程度不同的图像进行图像融合，得到最终的成像照片。
在实现本申请过程中，申请人发现现有技术中至少存在如下问题：多次曝光会引起图像边缘错位，图像失真等问题，进而影响图像显示效果。
发明内容
本申请旨在提供一种传感器，至少解决多次曝光会引起图像边缘错位，图像失真等问题，进而影响图像显示效果的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请是这样实现的：
本申请实施例提出了一种传感器，包括彩色滤光阵列以及像素电路，所述像素电路包括光电转换模块，所述光电转换模块包括第一光电转换元件和第二光电转换元件，所述彩色滤光阵列包括多个彩色滤光单元，所述彩色滤光单元包括第一透光元件，所述第一透光元件的位置与所述第一光电转换元件的位置相对应或者与所述第二光电转换元件的位置相对应。
在本申请的实施例中，通过在传感器中增加一个光电转换元件，可以在一次曝光中基于传感器中的两个光电转换元件来得到多张曝光图像，如此，在将多张曝光图像进行融合时，能够有效减少因多次曝光引起的图像边缘错位，图像失真等问题，因而可提高图像的显示效果。
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明 显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种像素电路示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种第一光电转换元件和第二光电转换元件排列方式示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的另一种像素电路示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的另一种像素电路示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的又一种像素电路示意图；
图6是本申请提供的传感器示意图；
图7是本申请提供的一种彩色滤光阵列示意图；
图8是本申请提供的一种摄像模组的结构示意图。
附图标记：
10—像素电路；101—光电转换模块；102—电容模块；103—复位开关；1011—第一光电转换元件；1012—第二光电转换元件；1021—第一电容；1022—第二电容；1023—第三电容；1013—第一光电转换控制开关；1014—第二光电转换控制开关；104—输出模块；1041—源跟随器；1042—列选信号开关；1024—第一电容控制开关；1025—第二电容控制开关；20—彩色滤光单元；30—彩色滤光阵列；201—第一透光元件；202—第二透光元件；40—摄像模组；401—保护膜；402—镜头；403—音圈马达；404—支撑部件；405—红外滤光片；406—传感器；407—软板；408—连接部件。
下面将详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。此外，说明书以及权利要求中“和/或”表示所连接对象的至少其中之一，字符“/”， 一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请实施例提供一种像素电路10，如图1所示，包括：光电转换模块101、电容模块102和复位开关103，光电转换模块101的第一端接地，光电转换模块101的第二端连接复位开关103的第一端；电容模块102包括第一电容1021，第一电容1021的第一端接地，第一电容1021的第二端连接复位开关103的所述第一端；其中，光电转换模块101包括并联连接的第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012；第一光电转换元件1011的第一端接地，第一光电转换元件1011的第二端连接复位开关103的所述第一端；第二光电转换元件1012的第一端接地，第二光电转换元件1012的第二端连接复位开关103的所述第一端。
其中，第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012为将光信号转换为电信号的器件，例如，第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012可以为光电二极管。第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012的排列方式也可以有多种，例如第二光电转换元件1012设置在相邻第一光电转换元件1011之间；或者，在第一光电转换元件1011可以是环形，将第二光电转换元件1012嵌入在第一光电转换元件1011中，如图2所示。可以理解的是，并不对第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012的排列方式进行限定，可以根据终端的布局、空间等进行调整。
为了对第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012进行控制，以读取第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012感光后对应的电压，在一种实施方式中，本申请提供的像素电路中的光电转换模块101还包括第一光电转换控制开关1013和第二光电转换控制开关1014中的至少一者；在光电转换模块101包括第一光电转换控制开关1013的情况下，第一光电转换控制开关1013的第一端连接第一光电转换元件1011的第二端，第一光电转换控制开关1013的第二端连接复位开关103的第一端；在光电转换模块101包括第二光电转换控制开关1014的情况下，第二光电转换控制开关1014的第一端连接第二光电转换元件1012的第二端，第二光电转换控制开关1014的第二端连接复位开关103的第一端。优选地，为了分别对第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012进行控制，以读取第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012感光后对应的电压，光电转换模块101包括第一光电转换控制开关1013和第二光电转换控制开关1014，如图3所示；第一光电转换控制开关1013的第一端连接第一光电转换元件1011的第二端，第一光电转换控制开关1013的第二端连接复位开关103的第一端；第二光电转换控制开关1014的第一端连接第二光电转换元件1012的第二端，第二光电转换控制开关1014的第二端连接复位开关103的第一端。
其中，所述第一光电转换控制开关1013和所述第二光电转换控制开关1014可以为MOSFET(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor，金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)，所述MOSFET的第一端为源极，第二端为漏极，所述MOSFET的栅极连接时序控制模块(图中未示出)，所述时序控制模块用于控制所述像素电路中各开关闭合与断开的顺序。
进一步，为了输出第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012感光后对应的电压，本申请提供的像素电路还可以包括输出模块104，如图3所示，输出模块104的第一端接地，输出模块104的第二端连接复位开关103的第一端。其中，所述输出模块104具体还可以包括源跟随器1041和列选信号开关1042，源跟随器1041的第一端连接复位开关103的第一端，源跟随器1041的第二端连接列选信号开关1042的第一端，列选信号开关1042的第二端接地。
本申请提供的像素电路的工作原理为：光电转换元件在光照下，内部产生电子形成 电荷，将电荷转移至电容以对电容充电形成电压，读取电容的电压，即为光电转换元件进行感光后对应的电压，基于此电压可以得到光电转换元件感光后对应的曝光图像。所述曝光图像的曝光程度与所述电压的大小存在对应关系，一般来说电压越大，得到的曝光图现象的曝光程度就越大，即光电转换元件采集到光强度越大。
基于上述工作原理，本申请提供的像素电路的工作流程为：
首先，读取第一光电转换元件1011感光后对应的电压。闭合第一光电转换控制开关1013，则第一光电转换元件1011感光后产生的电荷转移至第一电容1021，源跟随器1041记录第一电容1021的电压U1，列选信号开关1042闭合，通过Vout电路输出电压值。进而基于此电压得到第一光电转换元件1011感光后对应的曝光图像。
然后，读取第二光电转换元件1012感光后对应的电压。闭合第二光电转换控制开关1014，则第二光电转换元件1012感光后产生的电荷转移至第一电容1021，源跟随器1041记录第一电容1021的电压U2，列选信号开关1042闭合，通过Vout电路输出电压值。进而基于此电压得到第二光电转换元件1012感光后对应的曝光图像。
其中，可以理解的是，先读取第一光电转换元件1011感光后对应的电压，后读取第二光电转换元件1012感光后对应的电压，只是一种示例，并不构成对本申请的限制，也可以是先读取第二光电转换元件1012感光后对应的电压，后读取第一光电转换元件1011感光后对应的电压。
由此可见，基于本申请提供的像素电路，由于电荷转移与电压读取的过程都是瞬时的，几乎不需要时间，当进行曝光时，第一光电转换元件感光后对应的曝光图像和第二光电转换元件感光后对应的曝光图像可以视为是同时得到的，即通过一次曝光可以同时得到两张曝光图像。而相关技术是通过控制光电转换元件先后进行两次感光得到两张曝光图像；那么得到光电转换元件第一次感光后对应的曝光图像和得到光电转换元件第二次感光后对应的曝光图像之间至少间隔光电转换元件进行第二次感光时所持续的时长。也就是说，两张曝光图像的获取存在时间间隔，由于时间间隔的存在，若拍摄场景在此间隔时间内发生变化，例如拍摄场景内具有快速移动的物体，则会导致将两张曝光图像进行融合时，出现两张图像难以对齐、运动物体出现拖影等图像失真的情况。而基于本申请实施例提供的像素电路，可以同时获取两张曝光图像，即两张曝光图像的获取不存 在时间间隔，同一时刻下的拍摄场景不会发生变化，进而将两张曝光图像进行融合时，能够有效减少难以对齐、运动物体出现拖影等图像失真的情况，极大程度上提高了图像的质量，进而可提高图像的显示效果。
由于像素电路中的光电转换元件可能经常暴露于光照条件下，例如手机摄像模组中镜头上不设置镜头盖，导致图像传感器中的像素电路中的光电转换元件时刻暴露在光照条件下，那么内部会产生电荷，为了使得到的光电转换元件感光后对应的电压能够真实反映光电转换元件进行此次感光产生的电荷量，在拍摄获取图像之前需要清空光电转换元件内部残留的电荷。可以理解的是，若不清空残留的电荷，将残留的电荷与本次拍摄时光电转换元件进行感光产生的电荷一同转移至电容器，那么得到的电压会偏大，进而得到的图像与实际拍摄场景的图像存在偏差。例如，光电转换元件对拍摄场景中的某一个采样点进行感光，如果不清空残留的电荷，将残留的电荷与本次拍摄时光电转换元件进行感光产生的电荷一同转移至电容器，那么得到的图片所述采样点位置就比实际拍摄场景所述采样点的位置曝光程度更高，即亮度更高，出现图片失真的情况。因此，在一种实施方式中，本申请提供的像素电路10中，复位开关103的第二端与第一电源电压VDD1连接，如图3所示，以使得第一电源电压VDD1加载在第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012上，用于清空第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012中残留的电荷。具体过程为：闭合复位开关103、第一光电转换控制开关1013和第二光电转换控制开关1014，则第一电源电压VDD1加载在第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012上，清空第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012中残留的电荷。然后断开复位开关103、第一光电转换控制开关1013和第二光电转换控制开关1014，让第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012开始同时感光以产生电荷。
另外，在位于本次拍摄之前的拍摄获取图像的过程中，第一电容1021可能会残留电荷，与上述不让光电转换元件残留的电荷使拍摄出来的图片出现失真相似的理由，在清空第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012中残留的电子之后，还需要清空第一电容1021中残留的电荷。具体过程为：保持第一光电转换控制开关1013和第二光电转换控制开关1014断开，闭合复位开关103，电源电压VDD1加载在第一电容器1021 上，清空第一电容器1021上残留的电荷。在清空了第一电容器1021上残留后的电荷后，再进行上述读取第一光电转换元件1011感光后对应的电压和读取第二光电转换元件1012感光后对应的电压的过程。
在实际应用中，针对不同的需求，第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012的尺寸可以相同，也可以不同，所述尺寸可以为光电转换元件感光面积的尺寸。
在一种实施方式中，第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012的尺寸相同。在第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012的尺寸相同的情况下，两者在相同时间内产生的电子数量相同，形成的电荷相同，进而转移到第一电容1021上读取到的电压也相同。而电压值的大小与图像的曝光程度相关，那么在此种实施方式下，能够得到两张曝光程度相同的图像，基于这两种图像可以进行多帧降噪。并且，由于这两张曝光程度相同的图像是同时得到的，基于这两张图像进行多帧降噪时，可以有效减少边缘错位、拖影等图像失真的问题，极大程度地提高了多帧降噪后得到的图像的质量。
在另一种实施方式中，第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012的尺寸不相同。在第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012的尺寸不相同的情况下，两者在相同时间内产生的电子数量不同，形成的电荷也不相同，进而转移到第一电容1021上读取到的电压也不相同。而电压值的大小与图像的曝光程度相关，那么在此种实施方式下，能够得到两张曝光程度不同的图像，基于这两张图像可以进行HDR融合。并且，由于这两张曝光程度不同的图像是同时得到的，基于这两张图像进行HDR融合时，可以有效减少边缘错位、拖影等图像失真的问题，极大程度地提高了HDR融合后得到的图像的质量。
其中，第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012的尺寸比与两张曝光程度不同的图像的曝光程度比例对应。光电转换元件的尺寸越大，光照条件下单位时间内产生的电荷就越多，光电转换元件感光后对应的电压就越大，光电转换元件感光后对应的曝光图像曝光程度就越高。例如，第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012的尺寸比为8：1，第一电容1021的电容为1，根据公式Q＝C*V，可知电压与Q成正比，由于第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012的尺寸比为8：1，相同感光时间内，第一光电转换元件1011产生的电荷与第二光电转换元件1012产生的电荷的 比为8：1，进而可以得到第一光电转换元件1011感光后对应的电压与第二光电转换元件1012感光后对应的电压的比为8：1，即第一光电转换元件1011感光后对应的曝光图像的曝光程度与第二光电转换元件1012感光后对应的曝光图像的曝光程度的比为8：1。
可见，本申请提供的像素电路可以通过设置两个光电转换元件和一个电容，得到两张曝光图像。基于此原理，还可以增加光电转换元件的数量和/或电容的数量，使得一次曝光同时得到更多的曝光图像。例如设置三个光电转换元件和一个电容，得到三张曝光图像；进一步还可以限定三个光电转换元件的尺寸大小，以分别适应多帧降噪和HDR。
在一种实施方式中，本申请提供的像素电路10中的电容模块102中还包括与第一电容1021并联连接的第二电容1022，如图4所示；所述第二电容1022的第一端接地，所述第二电容1022的第二端连接复位开关103的第一端。其中，所述电容模块102还包括与第一电容1021并联连接的第一电容控制开关1024，所述第一电容控制开关1024的第一端连接所述第二电容1022的第二端，所述第一电容控制开关1024的第二端连接所述复位开关103的第一端。所述第一电容控制开关1024可以为MOSFET，所述MOSFET的栅极连接时序控制模块，所述时序控制模块用于控制所述像素电路中各开关闭合与断开的顺序。
本申请实施例中通过增加第二电容1022与第一电容1021并联，控制第一电容控制开关1024的工作状态可以得到更多的曝光图像。具体过程为：首先，读取第一光电转换元件1011感光后对应的电压。闭合第一光电转换控制开关1013、断开第一电容控制开关1024，读取第一电容1021上的电压，得到第一光电转换元件1011感光后对应的第一张曝光图像；然后闭合第一电容控制开关1024，读取并联的第一电容1021和第二电容1022上的电压，得到第一光电转换元件1011感光后对应的第二张曝光图像。然后，读取第二光电转换单元1012感光后对应的电压。闭合第二光电转换控制开关1014(此时第一光电转换控制开关1013为断开状态)、断开第一电容控制开关1024，读取第一电容1021上的电压，得到第二光电转换元件1012感光后对应的第一张曝光图像；然后闭合第一电容控制开关1024，读取并联的第一电容1021和第二电容1022上的电压， 得到第二光电转换元件1012感光后对应的第二张曝光图像。由此可见，通过增加电容与第一电容1021并联的数量，可以得到更多的曝光图像。
在一种实施方式中，本申请提供的像素电路10中的电容模块102中还包括与第一电容1021、第二电容1022并联连接的第三电容1023，如图5所示；所述第三电容1023的第一端接地，所述第三电容1023的第二端连接复位开关103的第一端。其中，所述电容模块102还包括与所述第一电容1021、所述第二电容1022分别并联连接的第二电容控制开关1025，所述第二电容控制开关1025的第一端连接所述第三电容1023的第二端，所述第二电容控制开关1025的第二端连接复位开关103的第一端。所述第二电容控制开关1025可以为MOSFET，所述MOSFET的栅极连接时序控制模块，所述时序控制模块用于控制所述像素电路中各开关闭合与断开的顺序。
当读取第一光电转换元件1011感光后对应的电压时，可以通过控制第一电容控制开关1024和第二电容控制开关1025的闭合和断开，读取不同的电压值，进而得到曝光程度比例不同的图像。例如，第一电容1021、第二电容1022、第三电容1023的电容比为a:b:c，在读取第一光电转换元件1011(假设第一光电转换元件1011感光后产生的电荷为X)对应的电压时，先使第一电容控制开关1024和第二电容控制开关1025均断开，则根据公式Q＝CV，可以读取第一电容1021上的电压为X/a；然后闭合第一电容控制开关1024，此时第一电容1021和第二电容1022并联，并联电容为a+b，则读取到第一电容1021和第二电容1022并联的电压为X/(a+b)；接着断开第一电容控制开关1024，闭合第二电容控制开关1025，此时第一电容1021和第三电容1023并联，并联电容为a+c，则读取到第一电容1021和第三电容1023并联的电压为X/(a+c)；然后使第一电容控制开关1024和第二电容控制开关1025均闭合，此时第一电容1021、第二电容1022和第三电容1023并联，并联电容为a+b+c，则读取到第一电容1021、第二电容1022和第三电容1023并联的电压为X/(a+b+c)，进而得到曝光程度比例为(X/a)：[X/(a+b)]：[X/(a+c)]：[X/(a+b+c)]的四张曝光图象。然后以同样的步骤读取第二光电转换元件1012感光后对应的电压，假设第二光电转换元件1012感光后产生的电荷为Y，则可以得到曝光程度比例为(Y/a)：[Y/(a+b)]：[Y/(a+c)]：[Y/(a+b+c)]的四张曝光图象。由于光电转换单元感光后产生的电荷量与尺寸成正比，因此，可以通过设置第 一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012的尺寸不同，得到曝光程度不同的8张图像。例如，第一光电转换元件1011的尺寸大于第二光电转换元件1012的尺寸，则基于第一光电转换元件1011可以得到曝光程度较强的四张图像，基于第二光电转换元件1012可以得到曝光程度较弱的四张图象。那么，最终可以得到从欠曝到过曝的八张曝光程度不同的图片，使得最终融合得到的HDR图像质量更高。优选地，第一光电转换元件1011的尺寸与第二光电转换元件1012的尺寸存在倍数关系，这样得到的多张曝光图片涉及的曝光比例范围更广，最终融合得到的HDR图像中亮处和暗处的细节会更清楚。
例如，第一光电转换元件1011和第二光电转换元件1012的尺寸比为8：1，第一电容1021、第二电容1022和第三电容1023的电容比为1：3：4。根据上述过程可以得到曝光程度比例为320：80：64：40：40：10：8：5的8张曝光图像。可见，8张曝光图片涉及的曝光比例范围更广，可以使得最终融合得到的HDR图像中亮处和暗处的细节更清楚。在进行融合时，可以直接将八张图像进行HDR融合，也可以先将其中曝光程度比例相同的图像用来进行多帧降噪，如曝光程度同为40的两张图像，再将多帧降噪得到的图像与剩余的曝光图像进行HDR融合，由于先进行了多帧降噪后再进行HDR融合，使得最终可以得到高信噪比高动态范围的照片。
在实际应用中，基于像素电路仅能得到具有细节的灰度图，因此为了使像素电路能够获取到拍摄场景的颜色信息，一般会在像素电路上覆盖彩色透光元件以采集颜色信息。
基于此，本申请还提供一种传感器，包括彩色滤光阵列(Color Filter Array，简称CFA)以及本申请提供的任一像素电路，所述像素电路包括光电转换模块，所述光电转换模块包括第一光电转换元件和第二光电转换元件，所述CFA包括多个彩色滤光单元(下文中以一个彩色滤光单元为例进行说明。可以理解的，在CFA包括至少两个彩色滤光单元时，每个所述彩色滤光单元都可实现下述方案内容)，所述彩色滤光单元包括第一透光元件，所述第一透光元件的位置与所述第一光电转换元件的位置相对应或者与所述第二光电转换元件的位置相对应，例如，所述第一透光元件设置在所述第一光电转换元件的上方或者所述第二光电转换元件的上方。
在本申请实施例中，提及元件之间的方位词语“上”可表示光线会先经过上方的元件，提及元件之间的方位词语“下”可表示光线会后经过下方的元件。举例而言，所述第一透光元件设置在所述第一光电转换元件的上方可表示来自外界的光线会先经过所述第一透光元件，再达到所述第一光电转换元件。类似地，所述第一透光元件设置在所述第二光电转换元件的上方可表示来自外界的光线会先经过所述第一透光元件，再达到所述第二光电转换元件。
在本申请实施例中，多个像素电路构成像素电路阵列，所述彩色滤光阵列CFA中的彩色滤光单元与像素电路一一对应。可以理解的是，每一个彩色滤光单元下方均设置一个像素电路。如图6所示，在所述传感器中，彩色滤光阵列30包括多个彩色滤光单元20，每个彩色滤光单元20下方均设置一个像素电路10，多个像素电路10构成像素电路阵列。
在一种实施方式中，所述第一透光元件的位置与所述第一光电转换元件的位置相对应，所述彩色滤光单元还包括第二透光元件，所述第二透光元件的位置与所述第二光电转换元件的位置相对应，例如，所述第一透光元件设置在第一光电转换元件的上方，所述第二透光元件设置在所述第二光电转换元件的上方。
其中，所述第一透光元件可以为红光透光元件、绿光透光元件或者蓝光透光元件；第二透光元件可以为绿光透光元件。如图7所示，为本实施例中彩色滤光阵列CFA的俯视图。每一个彩色滤光单元20(虚线框表示)包括第一透光元件201和第二透光元件202，彩色滤光阵列30中各第一透光元件201为红光透光元件(图中以R表示)、绿光透光元件(图中以G表示)或者蓝光透光元件(图中以B表示)；各第二透光元件202均为绿光透光元件(图中以G表示)。
若将所有的第一透光元件所透过的光的颜色与所有的第二透光元件所透过的光的颜色相同；即，当第一透光元件为红光透光元件时，第二透光元件也为红光透光元件；当第一透光元件为绿光透光元件时，第二透光元件也为绿光透光元件；当第一透光元件为蓝光透光元件时，第二透光元件也为蓝光透光元件。此时，基于第一光电转换元件可以得到具有颜色的曝光图像，基于第二光电转换元件也可以得到具有颜色的曝光图像。那么将基于第一光电转换元件得到的曝光图像和基于第二光电转换元件得到的曝光图 像进行融合，使得最终融合得到的图片具有了颜色。但是，由此种CFA方案得到的图片的分辨率并不高。由于绿光相较于红光和蓝光，感光能力更强，因此，在本申请实施例中，将第二透光元件设置为绿光透光元件，这样通过第二光电转换元件得到的曝光图像细节更为清晰，为全分辨率图像。在后续将第一光电转换元件得到的曝光图像和第二光电转换元件得到的曝光图像进行融合时，可以得到细节更清晰，分辨率更高的彩色图像。
由此可见，本申请实施例中，第一光电转换元件上方设置红光透光元件、绿光透光元件或者蓝光透光元件，主要用于获取颜色信息；第二光电转换元件上方设置绿光透光元件，主要用于获取细节信息。
那么，还可以进一步调整第一光电转换元件和第二光电转换元件的尺寸大小，以使其适应不同的拍摄场景。在一种实施方式中，第一光电转换元件的尺寸大于第二光电转换元件的尺寸。
进一步限定第一光电转换元件的尺寸大于第二光电转换元件的尺寸，则第一光电转换元件获取的颜色信息就更多，进而基于第一光电转换元件得到的曝光图像中的颜色也更为丰富和准确，可以进一步提高最终融合得到的图像的色彩显示效果，适用于对颜色表现有更大需求的拍摄场景。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例并不限制第一透光元件和第二透光元件的位置关系，以及两者的形状，图7中第一透光元件和第二透光元件的位置关系，大小关系以及两者的形状仅为一种示例，便于读者看清色彩滤镜分布。在实际应用中，第一透光元件和第二透光元件的位置关系、大小关系以及形状可以根据第一光电转换元件和第二光电转换元件的位置关系、尺寸大小关系以及形状进行适应性调整，只要满足第一透光元件设置在第一光电转换元件的上方，透过所述第一透光元件的光能够完全覆盖第一光电转换元件的感光区域，以及第二透光元件设置在第二光电转换元件的上方，透过所述第二透光元件的光能够完全覆盖第二光电转换元件的感光区域即可。一般来说，光电转换元件的尺寸越大，则设置在其上方的透光元件的尺寸也越大。
另一方面，如图7所示，由于各第一透光元件为红光透光元件、绿光透光元件或者蓝光透光元件；各第二透光元件均为绿光透光元件，那么，具体到同一个彩色滤光单元 时，其中的第一透光元件透过的光的颜色会与第二透过光元透过的光的颜色相同，或者不同。例如，第一个彩色滤光单元中，第一透光元件为红光透光元件，第二透光元件为绿光透光元件，则此时第一透光元件透过的光的颜色与第二透过光元透过的光的颜色不相同；而在第二个彩色滤光单元中，第一透光元件为绿光透光元件，第二透光元件也为绿光透光元件，则此时第一透光元件透过的光的颜色与第二透过光元透过的光的颜色相同。
当第一透光元件透过的光的颜色与第二透过光元透过的光的颜色相同时，可以将第一透光元件和第二透过光元件合成为一个透光元件(称为替换透光元件)，设置在第一光电转换元件和第二光电转换元件的上方。例如，以图7为例，第二个彩色滤光单元中包括第一透光元件和第二透光元件，两个透光元件均为绿光透光元件，此时，可以将一个尺寸不小于第一透光元件与第二透光元件尺寸之和的一个绿光透光元件替换第一透光元件与第二透光元件，直接覆盖在第一光电转换元件和第二光电转换元件的上方。所述替换的绿光透光元件的具体尺寸可以根据第一透光元件与第二透光元件的布局、位置关系进行适应性调整；例如，第一透光元件和第二透光元件紧密设置，那么替换透光元件的尺寸可以等于第一透光元件与第二透光元件尺寸之和；如果第一透光元件和第二透光元件间隔设置，那么替换透光元件的尺寸可以大于第一透光元件与第二透光元件尺寸之和。
基于本申请实施例提供的传感器，本申请还提供一种利用根据本申请提供的传感器生成图像的方法，
所述方法包括：
获取第一光电转换元件感光后的第一电压值；
获取第二光电转换元件感光后的第二电压值；
基于所述第一电压值和所述第二电压值，产生曝光比例不同的多张图片；
基于产生的所述多张图片，生成目标图像。
具体地，首先，读取第一光电转换元件感光后对应的电压。闭合第一光电转换控制开关，则第一光电转换元件感光后产生的电荷转移至第一电容，源跟随器记录第一电容的电压U1，列选信号开关闭合，通过Vout电路输出电压值U1，即第一光电转换元件 感光后的第一电压值。进而基于此电压得到第一光电转换元件感光后对应的曝光图像。
然后，读取第二光电转换元件感光后对应的电压。闭合第二光电转换控制开关，则第二光电转换元件感光后产生的电荷转移至第一电容，源跟随器记录第一电容的电压U2，列选信号开关闭合，通过Vout电路输出电压值U2，即第二光电转换元件感光后的第二电压值。进而基于此电压得到第二光电转换元件感光后对应的曝光图像。
最后，将得到的多张曝光图像进行融合得到目标图像。
其中，当电容模块中的电容数量为多个时，所述第一电压值实际为电压值集合，所述第二电压值也为电压值集合。例如当电容模块包括第一电容和第二电容时，首先，读取第一光电转换元件感光后对应的第一电压值。闭合第一光电转换控制开关、断开第一电容控制开关，读取第一电容上的电压，得到第一光电转换元件感光后对应的第一张曝光图像；然后闭合第一电容控制开关，读取并联的第一电容和第二电容上的电压，得到第一光电转换元件感光后对应的第二张曝光图像。即，第一光电转换元件感光后对应的第一电压值，实际上包括了第一光电转换元件感光后得到的所述第一张曝光图像对应的电压，以及第一光电转换元件感光后得到的所述第二张曝光图像对应的电压。然后，读取第二光电转换单元感光后对应的电压。闭合第二光电转换控制开关(此时第一光电转换控制开关为断开状态)、断开第一电容控制开关，读取第一电容上的电压，得到第二光电转换元件感光后对应的第一张曝光图像；然后闭合第一电容控制开关，读取并联的第一电容和第二电容上的电压，得到第二光电转换元件感光后对应的第二张曝光图像。即，第二光电转换元件感光后对应的第二电压值，实际上包括了第二光电转换元件感光后得到的所述第一张曝光图像对应的电压，以及第二光电转换元件感光后得到的所述第二张曝光图像对应的电压。
在获取所述第一光电转换元件感光后的第一电压值之前，所述方法还包括：
清空所述第一光电转换元件和所述第二光电转换元件中残留的电荷；
清空所述电容模块中各电容的电荷。
具体地，保持第一光电转换控制开关和第二光电转换控制开关断开，闭合复位开关，电源电压加载在各电容上，清空各电容上残留的电荷。
此外，本申请还提供一种包括所述传感器的摄像模组40，如图9所示，摄像模组 40包括保护膜401，镜头(Lens)402，音圈马达(Voice Coil Motor)403，支撑部件404，红外滤光片(IR Filter)405，本申请提供的传感器406，软板(FPC)407，以及连接部件408。
其中，镜头(Lens)用来聚光和对焦，镜头被音圈马达所包裹固定，音圈马达上下端和弹片链接。对焦时，通过通电让马达产生电磁力，该力最终与弹片的弹力保持平衡，马达的位置可以通过通电的大小来控制，进而通过马达将镜头推到合焦位置。红外滤光片的作用是滤除投射向传感器的不必要的光线，通过红外滤光片后的光线就可以被传感器感知，防止传感器产生伪色/波纹，以提高其分辨率和色彩还原性。
音圈马达包括上盖、上弹簧片、下弹簧片、外壳、线圈、磁石、移动部件、底座和端子。其中，上盖起保护马达的作用；上弹簧片，发生形变时对马达产生作用力，和下弹簧片之和平衡电磁力；外壳为马达固定部分的主要框架，具有导磁作用，能够提高磁石的有效利用率；线圈通电流时，在磁石的磁场作用下产生向上的推力，带动移动部分的其他部件一起运动；磁石产生磁场，使通电线圈在其磁场作用下产生电磁力，让移动部件载体带着镜头一起运动；下弹簧片形变时对马达产生作用力，和上弹簧片之和平衡电磁力；底座与马达直接和软板组装；手机通过端子给马达供电。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (10)
- 一种传感器，其中，包括彩色滤光阵列以及像素电路，所述像素电路包括光电转换模块，所述光电转换模块包括第一光电转换元件和第二光电转换元件，所述彩色滤光阵列包括多个彩色滤光单元，所述彩色滤光单元包括第一透光元件，所述第一透光元件的位置与所述第一光电转换元件的位置相对应或者与所述第二光电转换元件的位置相对应。
- 根据权利要求1所述的传感器，其中，所述第一透光元件的位置与所述第一光电转换元件的位置相对应，所述彩色滤光单元还包括第二透光元件，所述第二透光元件的位置与所述第二光电转换元件的位置相对应。
- 根据权利要求2所述的传感器，其中，所述第一光电转换元件的尺寸大于所述第二光电转换元件的尺寸。
- 根据权利要求2或3所述的传感器，其中，所述第二透光元件为绿光透光元件。
- 根据权利要求4所述的传感器，其中，所述第一透光元件为红光透光元件、绿光透光元件或者蓝光透光元件。
- 根据权利要求2-3、5中任一项所述的传感器，其中，所述第一透光元件所透过的光的颜色与所述第二透光元件所透过的光的颜色不同。
- 根据权利要求1所述的传感器，其中，所述像素电路还包括电容模块和复位开关，所述电容模块包括第一电容，所述第一电容的第一端接地，所述第一电容的第二端连接所述复位开关的第一端；其中，所述第一光电转换元件和所述第二光电转换元件并联连接；所述第一光电转换元件的第一端接地，所述第一光电转换元件的第二端连接所述复位开关的所述第一端；所述第二光电转换元件的第一端接地，所述第二光电转换元件的第二端连接所述复位开关的所述第一端。
- 根据权利要求7所述的传感器，其中，所述光电转换模块还包括第一光电转换控制开关和第二光电转换控制开关中的至少一者；在所述光电转换模块包括第一光电转换控制开关的情况下，所述第一光电转换控制开关的第一端连接所述第一光电转换元件的所述第二端，所述第一光电转换控制开关的第二端连接所述复位开关的所述第一端；在所述光电转换模块包括第二光电转换控制开关的情况下，所述第二光电转换控制开关的第一端连接所述第二光电转换元件的所述第二端，所述第二光电转换控制开关的第二端连接所述复位开关的所述第一端。
- 根据权利要求7所述的传感器，其中，所述电容模块还包括与所述第一电容并联连接的第二电容；所述第二电容的第一端接地，所述第二电容的第二端连接所述复位开关的所述第一端；所述电容模块还包括与所述第一电容并联连接的第一电容控制开关，所述第一电容控制开关的第一端连接所述第二电容的第二端，所述第一电容控制开关的第二端连接所述复位开关的所述第一端。
- 根据权利要求9所述的传感器，其中，所述电容模块还包括与所述第一电容、所述第二电容并联连接的第三电容，所述第三电容的第一端接地，所述第三电容的第二端连接所述复位开关的所述第一端；所述电容模块还包括与所述第一电容、所述第二电容分别并联连接的第二电容控制开关，所述第二电容控制开关的第一端连接所述第三电容的第二端，所述第二电容控制开关的第二端连接所述复位开关的所述第一端。
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| CN204720451U (zh) * | 2014-06-03 | 2015-10-21 | 半导体元件工业有限责任公司 | 成像系统和处理器系统 |
| JP2018093392A (ja) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-06-14 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 固体撮像装置、駆動方法、および電子機器 |
| KR20180086722A (ko) * | 2017-01-23 | 2018-08-01 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 이미지 센서 및 이를 포함한 전자 장치 |
| CN112312098A (zh) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-02 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | 一种传感器 |
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| CN112312098B (zh) | 2023-02-10 |
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