WO2022084028A1 - Membran-elektroden-einheit für eine elektrochemische zelle und verfahren zur herstellung einer membran-elektroden-einheit - Google Patents
Membran-elektroden-einheit für eine elektrochemische zelle und verfahren zur herstellung einer membran-elektroden-einheit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022084028A1 WO2022084028A1 PCT/EP2021/077443 EP2021077443W WO2022084028A1 WO 2022084028 A1 WO2022084028 A1 WO 2022084028A1 EP 2021077443 W EP2021077443 W EP 2021077443W WO 2022084028 A1 WO2022084028 A1 WO 2022084028A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- electrode unit
- film
- frame structure
- adhesive
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012209 glucono delta-lactone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/028—Sealing means characterised by their material
- H01M8/0284—Organic resins; Organic polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0286—Processes for forming seals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0297—Arrangements for joining electrodes, reservoir layers, heat exchange units or bipolar separators to each other
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- Membrane-electrode assembly for an electrochemical cell and method for producing a membrane-electrode assembly
- a fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that has two electrodes that are separated from one another by means of an ion-conducting electrolyte.
- the fuel cell converts the energy of a chemical reaction of a fuel with an oxidant directly into electricity.
- a special type of fuel cell is the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEM-FC).
- PEM-FC polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
- the PEM-FC also includes gas diffusion layers (GDL) in the active area, which delimit the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and the two porous electrodes with a catalyst layer on both sides.
- GDL gas diffusion layers
- the PEM, the two electrodes with the catalyst layer and optionally also the two GDLs can form a so-called membrane-electrode unit (MEA) in the active area of the PEM-FC.
- MEA membrane-electrode unit
- Two opposing bipolar plates (halves) delimit the MEA on both sides.
- a fuel cell stack is made up of MEA and bipolar plates arranged alternately one above the other.
- the fuel in particular hydrogen, is distributed with an anode plate of a bipolar plate, and the oxidizing agent, in particular air/oxygen, is distributed with a cathode plate of the bipolar plate.
- the MEA are enclosed in a frame-like opening of two foils arranged next to one another.
- the two films of this frame structure are usually made of the same material, for example polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- the two films formed from the same material can dispensably have redundant properties, for example electrical insulating ability (electrically insulating) and/or oxygen impermeability of each of the two films.
- DE 101 40 684 A1 discloses a membrane-electrode unit for a fuel cell containing a layered arrangement of an anode electrode, a cathode electrode and a membrane arranged between them, with a polymer material on a top and bottom side of the layered arrangement is applied.
- the object of the present invention is to prevent an adhesive from being squeezed out of the frame structure and preferably to ensure a defined height of the frame structure.
- the membrane-electrode assembly includes a frame structure for accommodating a membrane coated with electrodes.
- the frame structure has a first film and a second film with an interposed adhesive.
- the first foil is fused to the second foil at a connection area.
- the two foils are therefore bonded to one another in the connection area.
- the two films preferably consist of the same material, particularly preferably of a thermoplastic polymer such as PEN.
- the two foils can be fused together in a very simple manner, for example by means of a hot stamp.
- the fusing of the two foils creates a barrier to the adhesive, which can then no longer be squeezed out of the frame structure, particularly when the electrochemical cells are stacked and pressed.
- the adhesive is virtually trapped in the frame structure.
- a defined, homogeneous height of the membrane-electrode unit is set by the volume of the comparatively incompressible adhesive defined in this way. Accordingly, a cell stack can be braced with more homogeneous contact pressure distributions and the stack height can be tolerated within narrower limits.
- the membrane-electrode assembly can include a membrane, in particular a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM).
- the membrane-electrode unit can further comprise two porous electrodes, each with a catalyst layer, these being arranged in particular on the PEM and delimiting it on both sides.
- the membrane electrode assembly can include two gas diffusion layers. In particular, these can delimit the MEA-3 on both sides.
- the electrochemical cell can be, for example, a fuel cell, an electrolytic cell or a battery cell.
- the fuel cell is in particular a PEM-FC (polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell).
- a cell stack comprises, in particular, a multiplicity of electrochemical cells arranged one above the other.
- the frame structure has a frame shape.
- the frame structure is preferably designed to be circumferential.
- a membrane and the two electrodes can thus be enclosed in the frame structure in a particularly advantageous manner.
- the cross section of the frame structure is in particular U-shaped or Y-shaped to accommodate the membrane and the two electrodes between the legs of the U-shape or Y-shape.
- the membrane is arranged between the foils between the other two legs.
- the membrane can also be glued to both films.
- the adhesive preferably seals the membrane-electrode unit from the outside, glues the two foils together and fixes the membrane with the two electrodes in the frame structure.
- the adhesive can also preferably be electrically insulating.
- the frame structure can thus be particularly advantageously electrically insulating and an undesired flow of current in an inactive region of the electrochemical cell can be particularly advantageously kept low, in particular prevented.
- the two foils are fused to one another over a perimeter of the active area.
- the adhesive seals the edge of the active area. This sealing function can be guaranteed much better if the adhesive is prevented from being squeezed out.
- the two foils are fused together over the circumference of a distributor area.
- the adhesive seals the edge of the manifold area. This sealing function can also be guaranteed much better if the adhesive is prevented from being squeezed out.
- the invention also includes a method for producing a membrane-electrode unit according to one of the above statements.
- the process has the following process step:
- the hot stamp is preferably designed in two parts, so that each film can be brought into direct contact with a heated stamp.
- This process is particularly preferably carried out with the application of a holding pressure during the melting process and, above all, during the cooling process, so that the two films can be firmly bonded to one another.
- FIG. 1 shows a membrane-electrode unit from the prior art, only the essential areas being shown.
- FIG. 2 shows a membrane-electrode unit according to the invention, only the essential areas being shown.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic membrane electrode unit in a perspective view, only the essential areas being shown.
- FIG. 1 shows a vertical section through a membrane-electrode unit 1 of an electrochemical cell 100, in particular a fuel cell, from the prior art, only the essential areas being shown.
- the membrane-electrode unit 1 has a membrane 2, for example a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), and two porous electrodes 3 and 4, each with a catalyst layer, the electrodes 3 and 4 being arranged on one side of the membrane 2 in each case. Furthermore, the electrochemical cell 100 has, in particular, two gas diffusion layers 5 and 6, which can also belong to the membrane-electrode unit 1, depending on the design.
- the membrane-electrode unit 1 is surrounded on its periphery by a frame structure 10, which is also referred to as a subgasket.
- the frame structure 10 is used for rigidity and tightness of the membrane-electrode unit 1 and is a non-active area of the electrochemical cell 100.
- the frame structure 10 is particularly U-shaped or Y-shaped in section, with a first leg of the U-shaped frame section being formed by a first film 11 made of a first material W1 and a second leg of the U-shaped frame section being formed by a second Foil 12 is formed from a second material W2.
- first film 11 and the second film 12 are glued together by means of an adhesive 13 made of a third material W3.
- the first material W1 and the second material W2 are often identical.
- the two gas diffusion layers 5 and 6 are by means of another adhesive
- the two foils 11, 12 are now fused together at a connection area 15 or sealed in such a way that the adhesive 13 is prevented from escaping to the outside.
- FIG. 2 shows a membrane-electrode unit 1 in cross section, in which the first film 11 and the second film 12 are attached to the connection area
- the trapped volume of adhesive 13 also ensures a defined height of the position of adhesive 13 and thus of the entire membrane-electrode unit 1 in the stacking direction of electrochemical cells 100, since a defined distance between the two films 11, 12 is maintained.
- FIG. 2 also outlines an associated manufacturing process for the membrane-electrode unit 1 .
- the fusion or material connection of the two films 11 , 12 with one another is preferably produced by means of a hot stamp 40 .
- the hot stamp 40 includes a first stamp 41 and a second stamp 42.
- the two stamps 41, 42 are heated during the manufacturing step and fed to one another at the connection area 15, so that the first stamp 41 acts on the first film 11, and the second stamp 42 on the second film 12.
- the two stamps 41, 42 are moved towards one another until the first film 11 comes into contact with the second film 12 in the connecting region 15.
- the high temperatures of the two stamps 41, 42 melt the two foils 11, 12 at least in the connection area 15, so that the associated polymer chains can connect to one another; after the two foils 11, 12 have cooled down, a bonded connection between the two foils 11, 12 is thus formed in the connection area 15.
- This manufacturing step for fusing the two foils 11, 12 can preferably be combined with further manufacturing steps, for example with stamping processes on the membrane-electrode unit 1 or cutting the frame structure 10 to size.
- FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the membrane electrode unit 1 in a schematic representation.
- the preferably rectangular active area 35 with the coated membrane is located in the middle of the membrane-electrode unit 1 .
- the coated membrane is bordered by the frame structure 10 at its periphery.
- the frame structure 10 has three distribution openings 30 on each of its narrow end faces for the supply and removal of the fuel, oxidizing agent and media coolant. Between the distributor openings 30 and the active area 35 the so-called distributor area 31 is formed, which serves to distribute (supply side) or collect (discharge side) the media from the comparatively narrow distributor openings 30 to the comparatively wide active area 35 .
- the two films 11, 12 of the frame structure 10 are now fused together at a perimeter 36 of the active region 35 and/or at a perimeter 32 of the distribution region 31; as a result, the volumetric amounts of adhesive 13 are defined in the corresponding areas 31, 35, and the adhesive 13 can no longer escape.
- a homogeneous thickness of the membrane-electrode unit 1 is thus set in a robust manner and the respective areas 31, 35 are sealed very well.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US18/030,676 US20230378506A1 (en) | 2020-10-19 | 2021-10-05 | Membrane-electrode unit for an electrochemical cell, and method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode unit |
KR1020237016532A KR20230092959A (ko) | 2020-10-19 | 2021-10-05 | 전기 화학 전지용 막-전극 접합체 및 막-전극 접합체의 제조 방법 |
JP2023522850A JP2023545184A (ja) | 2020-10-19 | 2021-10-05 | 電気化学電池のための膜電極ユニット、および膜電極ユニットを製造する方法 |
CN202180071373.6A CN116368648A (zh) | 2020-10-19 | 2021-10-05 | 用于电化学电池的膜片电极单元和用于制造膜片电极单元的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102020213132.5 | 2020-10-19 | ||
DE102020213132.5A DE102020213132A1 (de) | 2020-10-19 | 2020-10-19 | Membran-Elektroden-Einheit für eine elektrochemische Zelle und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Membran-Elektroden-Einheit |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022084028A1 true WO2022084028A1 (de) | 2022-04-28 |
Family
ID=78080348
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2021/077443 WO2022084028A1 (de) | 2020-10-19 | 2021-10-05 | Membran-elektroden-einheit für eine elektrochemische zelle und verfahren zur herstellung einer membran-elektroden-einheit |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230378506A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2023545184A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20230092959A (de) |
CN (1) | CN116368648A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102020213132A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022084028A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN117165981B (zh) * | 2023-10-23 | 2024-03-08 | 国家电投集团氢能科技发展有限公司 | 膜电极组件及制备方法 |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1246281A1 (de) * | 1999-10-18 | 2002-10-02 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Polymerelektrolytische brennstoffzelle und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
DE10140684A1 (de) | 2001-08-24 | 2003-03-06 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Dichtungsaufbau für eine MEA und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Dichtungsaufbaus |
US20040096716A1 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2004-05-20 | Pierpont Daniel M. | Unitized fuel cell assembly and cooling apparatus |
EP1624515A1 (de) * | 2004-05-28 | 2006-02-08 | Du Pont Canada Inc. | Einstückige Brennstoffzellen-Untereinheit und Methode zu deren Herstellung |
US20090087713A1 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2009-04-02 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Membrane catalyst layer assembly with reinforcing films, membrane electrode assembly with reinforcing files, and polymer electrolyte fuel cells |
DE102011105072B3 (de) * | 2011-06-21 | 2012-11-15 | Daimler Ag | Haltevorrichtung mit einer Membran einer Membran-Elektroden-Einheit für eine Brennstoffzelle und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
EP3598552A1 (de) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-01-22 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Verfahren zur herstellung einer brennstoffzelle und brennstoffzelle |
DE102018131092A1 (de) | 2018-09-04 | 2020-03-05 | Hyundai Motor Company | Membranelektrodeneinrichtung |
-
2020
- 2020-10-19 DE DE102020213132.5A patent/DE102020213132A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-10-05 US US18/030,676 patent/US20230378506A1/en active Pending
- 2021-10-05 KR KR1020237016532A patent/KR20230092959A/ko unknown
- 2021-10-05 CN CN202180071373.6A patent/CN116368648A/zh active Pending
- 2021-10-05 WO PCT/EP2021/077443 patent/WO2022084028A1/de active Application Filing
- 2021-10-05 JP JP2023522850A patent/JP2023545184A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1246281A1 (de) * | 1999-10-18 | 2002-10-02 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Polymerelektrolytische brennstoffzelle und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
DE10140684A1 (de) | 2001-08-24 | 2003-03-06 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Dichtungsaufbau für eine MEA und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Dichtungsaufbaus |
US20040096716A1 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2004-05-20 | Pierpont Daniel M. | Unitized fuel cell assembly and cooling apparatus |
EP1624515A1 (de) * | 2004-05-28 | 2006-02-08 | Du Pont Canada Inc. | Einstückige Brennstoffzellen-Untereinheit und Methode zu deren Herstellung |
US20090087713A1 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2009-04-02 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Membrane catalyst layer assembly with reinforcing films, membrane electrode assembly with reinforcing files, and polymer electrolyte fuel cells |
DE102011105072B3 (de) * | 2011-06-21 | 2012-11-15 | Daimler Ag | Haltevorrichtung mit einer Membran einer Membran-Elektroden-Einheit für eine Brennstoffzelle und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
EP3598552A1 (de) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-01-22 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Verfahren zur herstellung einer brennstoffzelle und brennstoffzelle |
DE102018131092A1 (de) | 2018-09-04 | 2020-03-05 | Hyundai Motor Company | Membranelektrodeneinrichtung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20230378506A1 (en) | 2023-11-23 |
CN116368648A (zh) | 2023-06-30 |
JP2023545184A (ja) | 2023-10-26 |
KR20230092959A (ko) | 2023-06-26 |
DE102020213132A1 (de) | 2022-04-21 |
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