WO2022083792A2 - 一种高压自愈式电容器用压力保护器 - Google Patents

一种高压自愈式电容器用压力保护器 Download PDF

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WO2022083792A2
WO2022083792A2 PCT/CN2021/138991 CN2021138991W WO2022083792A2 WO 2022083792 A2 WO2022083792 A2 WO 2022083792A2 CN 2021138991 W CN2021138991 W CN 2021138991W WO 2022083792 A2 WO2022083792 A2 WO 2022083792A2
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protector
movable
fixed
capacitor
electrode body
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PCT/CN2021/138991
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2022083792A3 (zh
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李印达
杨一民
孙晓武
曹崇峰
冯源
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无锡市电力滤波有限公司
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Priority to US17/655,460 priority Critical patent/US11984263B2/en
Publication of WO2022083792A2 publication Critical patent/WO2022083792A2/zh
Publication of WO2022083792A3 publication Critical patent/WO2022083792A3/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/004—Details
    • H01G9/08—Housing; Encapsulation
    • H01G9/10—Sealing, e.g. of lead-in wires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G2/00—Details of capacitors not covered by a single one of groups H01G4/00-H01G11/00
    • H01G2/14—Protection against electric or thermal overload
    • H01G2/18—Protection against electric or thermal overload with breakable contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G4/002—Details
    • H01G4/005—Electrodes
    • H01G4/015—Special provisions for self-healing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/78—Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
    • H01G11/80—Gaskets; Sealings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G2/00—Details of capacitors not covered by a single one of groups H01G4/00-H01G11/00
    • H01G2/10—Housing; Encapsulation
    • H01G2/103—Sealings, e.g. for lead-in wires; Covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G2/00—Details of capacitors not covered by a single one of groups H01G4/00-H01G11/00
    • H01G2/14—Protection against electric or thermal overload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G4/002—Details
    • H01G4/224—Housing; Encapsulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/004—Details
    • H01G9/08—Housing; Encapsulation
    • H01G9/12—Vents or other means allowing expansion

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of power capacitor manufacturing, in particular to a pressure protector for a high-voltage self-healing capacitor.
  • the dry-type high-voltage self-healing shunt capacitor has no oil in the casing. With its self-healing characteristics, it can prevent the damage caused by medium weaknesses and partial discharges and operate reliably. It is suitable for installation in urban underground substations, indoor substations in large buildings and Key fire prevention places.
  • This type of capacitor has a self-healing function for breakdown in a very small range caused by dielectric weakness and partial discharge, so it has a certain fault protection ability, and can enable the capacitor to operate at a higher electric field strength.
  • this type of capacitor is under the action of excessive thermal stress and electrical stress, the accelerated aging of the medium causes large-area breakdown and cannot self-heal, and the medium at the breakdown site is decomposed by the arc to generate a large amount of gas, which causes the internal pressure of the capacitor to increase sharply. It often causes the shell to bulge or even burst, which may cause harm to other equipment.
  • the electrodes Due to the large area breakdown of the internal medium of the metallized self-healing capacitor element, the electrodes are mainly connected by the arc, the short circuit is unstable, and the arc resistance is relatively large, and the reflected capacitance change is not obvious. However, the illusion of little change in capacitance can easily cause the fault signal to be "annihilated". This situation is different from the metallic short circuit of foil capacitors, which makes it difficult for the backup relay protection of the capacitor device. Therefore, the relay protection for internal faults of dry-type high-voltage self-healing shunt capacitors is an unsolved problem, and sensitive and reliable relay protection is very important for the safe operation of capacitors.
  • low-voltage self-healing capacitors used in power systems with voltage levels of 1kV or below often use the pressure protection method.
  • This protection method mainly relies on the deformation of the capacitor shell to break the internal current connection piece, thereby cutting off the power supply and making the capacitor out of operation.
  • high-voltage shunt capacitors are used in 6kV, 10kV, and 35kV voltage levels. If the internal method of breaking the current connecting piece is used, the insulation distance of the fracture and the fracture shape cannot meet the requirements of high voltage isolation, and the fractures will be reignited or re-breakdown. , the resulting high overvoltage will endanger the electrical equipment in the system. Therefore, this pull-off protection device is not suitable for high-voltage self-healing shunt capacitors.
  • Document CN 107481856 A discloses a fault signal intensifier specially used for high-voltage self-healing capacitors.
  • the fault signal intensifier only acts when the shell expands beyond a certain size, and the fault signal intensifier is placed in the middle of the capacitor.
  • the fault signal booster also has the possibility of delay in action.
  • this product structure will also affect the production efficiency of high-voltage self-healing capacitors.
  • capacitors high-voltage self-healing capacitors
  • the invention provides a pressure protector for a high-voltage self-healing capacitor.
  • the capacitor is composed of a case, a cover plate, a core, a filled resin, a pressure protector and a connection terminal, and the pressure protector is installed inside the capacitor.
  • the pressure protector is mainly composed of a fixed stud, a protector housing, a movable plug assembly, a fixed electrode assembly, a movable electrode assembly, a first fixed bolt and a limit bolt.
  • the protector shell is L-shaped.
  • the upper middle part of the protector shell has a circular stepped groove with a depth of 2mm and a cylindrical cavity with a depth of 40mm.
  • the circular stepped groove and the outer surface of the protector shell have a notch with a depth of 2mm.
  • the material of the device housing is polycarbonate, which is stamped into one piece by a die.
  • the moving latch assembly includes a ring, spring tube, stainless steel gasket, latch body and epoxy gasket.
  • the fixed electrode assembly includes a fixed electrode body, a second fixed bolt and a fixed lead wire.
  • the movable electrode assembly includes a movable electrode body, a movable electrode, an inner connecting wire, a spring, a third fixing bolt and a movable lead wire.
  • One end of the fixing stud is welded with the cover plate, and the other end of the fixing stud is in the longitudinal cylindrical through hole of the protector housing and is fixed by the first fixing bolt.
  • the ring of the movable latch assembly is welded with the cover plate and clamped in the circular step groove.
  • the spring tube, stainless steel gasket and epoxy gasket of the movable latch assembly are all in the cylindrical cavity of the protector housing, and the latch body passes through The square hole is inserted into the lateral cylindrical through hole of the protector housing.
  • the fixed lead wire of the fixed electrode assembly is connected to the capacitor terminal, one end of the fixed electrode body is placed in the U-shaped groove of the protector housing, and the other end of the fixed electrode body is connected with one end of the horizontal cylindrical through hole through screw fitting.
  • the movable electrode, the inner connecting wire and the spring of the movable electrode assembly are placed in the transverse cylindrical through hole, and the movable electrode body part of the movable electrode assembly is placed in the transverse cylindrical through hole and positioned by the limit bolt, the movement of the movable electrode assembly
  • the lead wires are connected with the capacitor terminals.
  • the ring, the spring tube and the stainless steel gasket of the movable latch assembly are sequentially connected by welding, and the stainless steel gasket, the epoxy gasket and the latch body are connected by thread fit and coated with sealant.
  • the material of the ring, spring tube and stainless steel gasket is stainless steel.
  • the material of the plug body is epoxy resin, the upper end of the plug body is cylindrical, and the lower end is a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the fixed electrode body of the fixed electrode assembly and the fixed lead wire are fastened and connected by a second fixing bolt.
  • the material of the fixed electrode body is brass, the upper end of the fixed electrode body is a cube, the middle is a cylinder, and the bottom is a threaded cylinder.
  • the fixed lead wire adopts insulated multi-strand tinned soft copper wire.
  • the moving electrode body of the moving electrode assembly, the inner connecting wire covered with the compression spring, and the movable electrode are sequentially connected by a third fixing bolt, and the moving electrode body and the moving lead wire are also tightly connected by the third fixing bolt.
  • the movable electrode material is brass.
  • the material of the moving electrode body is brass, and the moving electrode body is a T-shaped cylinder.
  • the moving lead wire adopts insulated multi-strand tinned soft copper wire.
  • the material of the fixing stud is stainless steel, and the fixing stud is a cylinder with an outer diameter of 8mm and an inner diameter of M6 thread.
  • Both the first fixing bolt and the limit bolt adopt an inner hexagon structure with M6 thread.
  • the movable electrode Under the normal operation of the capacitor, the movable electrode is blocked by the pin body in the transverse cylindrical through hole, and maintains a sufficient insulating distance from the corresponding fixed electrode body, the spring is compressed, and the pressure protector is in an open state.
  • the capacitor fails, when the internal pressure of the capacitor gradually increases, the spring tube of the moving plug assembly is gradually compressed, and the pressure makes the plug body move upward slowly.
  • the pressure reaches a certain set value, the bottom of the plug body and the bottom of the square hole
  • the spring When the part is just flat, the spring will be released, and the moving electrode will be quickly driven to move against the fixed electrode, and the pressure protector will be in a short-circuit state.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are: according to the material, structure and characteristics of the dry-type high-voltage self-healing parallel capacitor, the use of this pressure protector can solve the technical problem of relay protection for the internal fault of the self-healing capacitor, and effectively avoid accidents. occur.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation and use, and can meet the requirements of safe operation of capacitors.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the implementation of the present invention installed in a capacitor.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fixing stud.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a protector housing.
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a mobile latch assembly.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a fixed electrode assembly.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a moving electrode assembly.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the first fixing bolt.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a limit bolt.
  • the capacitor is composed of a case 1, a cover plate 2, a core 3, a filled resin 4, a pressure protector 5 and a connection terminal 6.
  • the pressure protector is installed inside the capacitor, and the fault signal intensifier 5 is connected to the capacitor.
  • the two terminals 6 are connected.
  • the pressure protector 5 is mainly composed of a fixed stud 51 , a protector housing 52 , a movable plug assembly 53 , a fixed electrode assembly 54 , a movable electrode assembly 55 , a first fixed bolt 56 and a limit bolt 57 constitute;
  • the protector shell 52 is L-shaped, and its upper middle part has a circular stepped groove with a depth of 2 mm and a cylindrical cavity with a depth of 40 mm in turn.
  • the circular stepped groove and the outer surface of the protector shell 52 have a gap of 2 mm in depth, which There are 4 longitudinal cylindrical through holes all around, a U-shaped groove at the bottom and connecting the horizontal cylindrical through holes, there is a square hole between the cavity and the transverse cylindrical through hole, the material is polycarbonate, and it passes through the hole.
  • the die is stamped into one;
  • the movable plug assembly 53 includes a ring 531, a spring tube 532, a stainless steel gasket 533, a plug body 534 and an epoxy gasket 535;
  • the fixed electrode assembly 54 includes a fixed electrode body 541, a second fixing bolt 542 and The fixed lead wire 543;
  • the movable electrode assembly 55 includes a mobile electrode body 551, a movable electrode 552, an inner connecting lead 553, a spring 554, a third fixing bolt 555 and a mobile lead wire 556;
  • One end of the fixing stud 51 is welded with the cover plate 2, and the other end is in the longitudinal cylindrical through hole of the protector housing 52, and is fixed by the first fixing bolt 56; the ring 531 of the movable plug assembly 53 is welded with the cover plate 2 Together and stuck in the circular step groove, the spring tube 532, stainless steel gasket 533 and epoxy gasket 535 of the mobile latch assembly 53 are all in the cylindrical cavity of the protector housing 52, and the latch body 534 is inserted through the square hole In the lateral cylindrical through hole of the protector casing 52; the fixed lead wire 543 of the fixed electrode assembly 54 is connected to the capacitor terminal 6, and one end of the fixed electrode body 541 is placed in the U-shaped groove of the protector casing 52, and the other end is placed in the U-shaped groove of the protector casing 52.
  • the movable electrode 552 It is connected with one end of the transverse cylindrical through hole by screw fitting; the movable electrode 552, the inner connecting wire 553 and the spring 554 of the mobile electrode assembly 55 are placed in the transverse cylindrical through hole, and the movable electrode body 551 of the mobile electrode assembly 55 is partially placed In the transverse cylindrical through hole and positioned by the limit bolt 7, the moving lead wire 556 of the moving electrode assembly 55 is connected with the capacitor connection terminal;
  • the ring 531 , the spring tube 532 and the stainless steel gasket 533 of the movable plug assembly 53 are sequentially connected by welding.
  • the material of the ring 531, the spring tube 532, and the stainless steel gasket 533 is stainless steel.
  • the material of the plug body 534 is epoxy resin, the upper end is cylindrical, and the lower end is a cuboid;
  • the fixed electrode body 541 of the fixed electrode assembly 54 and the fixed lead wire 543 are fastened and connected by a second fixing bolt 542.
  • the material of the fixed electrode body 541 is brass, the upper end is a cube, the middle is a cylinder, and the bottom is a threaded cylinder; the fixed lead wires 543 are insulated multi-strand tinned soft copper wires;
  • the moving electrode body 551 of the moving electrode assembly 55, the inner connecting wire 553 covered with the compression spring 554, and the movable electrode 552 are connected in turn by the third fixing bolts 555, and the moving electrode body 551 and the moving lead wire 556 are also connected by the third fixing bolt 555.
  • the fixing bolts 555 are tightly connected; the movable electrode 552 is made of brass; the movable electrode body 551 is made of brass and is a T-shaped cylinder.
  • the moving lead wires 556 are insulated multi-strand tinned soft copper wires.
  • the fixing stud 1 is made of stainless steel and is a cylinder with an outer diameter of 8mm and an inner diameter of M6 thread.
  • the first fixing bolt 6 and the limit bolt 7 both adopt an inner hexagon structure with M6 thread.
  • the movable electrode 552 Under normal operation of the capacitor, the movable electrode 552 is blocked by the pin body 534 in the lateral cylindrical through hole, and maintains a sufficient insulating distance from the corresponding fixed electrode body 541, the spring 554 is compressed, and the pressure protector 5 is in an open state.
  • the capacitor fails, when the internal pressure of the capacitor gradually increases, the spring tube 532 of the moving plug assembly 53 is gradually compressed, and the pressure causes the plug body 534 to move upward slowly.
  • the pressure reaches a certain set value, the bottom of the plug body 534
  • the spring 554 When the bottom of the square hole is exactly equal to the bottom of the square hole, the spring 554 will be released, rapidly driving the moving electrode 552 against the fixed electrode 54, and the pressure protector 5 is in a short-circuit state.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种高压自愈式电容器用压力保护器，电容器由箱壳、盖板、心子、填充的树脂、压力保护器和接线端子构成，该压力保护器装设在电容器内部，压力保护器主要由固定螺柱、保护器壳体、移动插销组件、固定电极组件、移动电极组件、第一固定螺栓和限位螺栓构成。本发明结构简单，安装、使用方便，可解决自愈式电容器内部故障的继电保护技术难题，有效地避免事故的发生，可满足电容器安全运行的要求。

Description

一种高压自愈式电容器用压力保护器
本申请要求于2021年7月12日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110782483.5、发明名称为“一种高压自愈式电容器用压力保护器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于电力电容器制造领域，具体涉及一种高压自愈式电容器用压力保护器。
背景技术
干式高压自愈式并联电容器箱壳内无油，凭借其自愈特性，可以防止介质弱点和局部放电带来的危害而可靠地运行，适合安装于城市地下变电站、大型建筑的户内变电站及重点防火场所。
这类电容器对于由介质电弱点和局部放电引起的极小范围内的击穿具有自愈功能，故有一定的故障保护能力，且能使电容器在较高电场强度下运行。当这类电容器在过高的热应力和电应力的作用下，介质加速老化引发大面积击穿而无法自愈时，击穿部位介质由电弧分解产生大量气体，使电容器内部压力急剧增大，往往造成外壳鼓肚，甚至引起爆裂，对其他设备可能造成危害。由于金属化自愈式电容器元件内部介质大面积击穿时，电极间主要由电弧连通，短路不稳定，且电弧电阻比较大，反映的电容变化也不明显，因此虽然电容器故障很严重，有爆裂的危险，但电容变化不大等假象极易使故障信号被“湮没”，这种情况有别于箔式电容器的金属性短路，给电容器装置后备的继电保护造成困难。因此，干式高压自愈式并联电容器内部故障的继电保护是一个尚未解决的难题，而灵敏可靠的继电 保护对于电容器的安全运行至关重要。
目前，1kV或以下电压等级电力系统所用的低压自愈式电容器常使用压力保护的方法，此保护方法主要是靠电容器外壳变形拉断内部电流连接片，从而切断电源，使电容器退出运行。但是高压并联电容器应用于6kV、10kV、35kV电压等级，如果内部采用拉断电流连接片的方式，断口的绝缘距离及其断口形状不能满足隔离高电压的要求,断口间会复燃或重击穿，产生的高倍过电压会危害系统中的电气设备。因此，这种拉断式保护装置在高压自愈式并联电容器中不适用。
文献CN 107481856 A中公开了一种专用于高压自愈式电容器的故障信号增强器，当外壳膨胀超过一定的尺寸时故障信号增强器才动作，并且故障信号增强器放置在电容器的中间部位当高压自愈式电容器的故障点在外壳的四角时，故障信号增强器也存在动作延误的可能性。另外，这种产品结构也会影响高压自愈式电容器生产效率。
综上所述，受制于干式高压自愈式并联电容器材料、结构和工作原理的特殊性，其内部故障的保护除了本身具有的自愈性能外，其继电保护是安全运行需要解决的关键技术问题。
发明内容
针对电力系统并联电容器内部故障继电保护的要求，本发明提出高压自愈式电容器(以下简称“电容器”)用压力保护器。
本发明所采用的技术方案如下。
本发明提供一种高压自愈式电容器用压力保护器，电容器由箱壳、盖板、心子、填充的树脂、压力保护器和接线端子构成，压力 保护器装设在电容器内部。
压力保护器主要由固定螺柱、保护器壳体、移动插销组件、固定电极组件、移动电极组件、第一固定螺栓和限位螺栓构成。保护器壳体为L形，保护器壳体上部中间部分依次有深度2mm的圆形台阶槽和深度40mm的圆柱形空腔，圆形台阶槽与保护器壳体外表面有深度2mm的缺口，保护器壳体的四周共有4只纵向圆柱形通孔，保护器壳体的底部有一只U型槽并连接横向圆柱形通孔，空腔与横向圆柱形通孔之间有1只方孔，保护器壳体的材料为聚碳酸酯，并通过模具冲压而成一体。移动插销组件包括圆环、弹簧管、不锈钢垫片、插销本体和环氧垫片。固定电极组件包括固定电极本体、第二固定螺栓和固定引出导线。移动电极组件包括移动电极本体、可移动电极、内连接导线、弹簧、第三固定螺栓和移动引出导线。固定螺柱一端与盖板焊接在一起，固定螺柱另一端在保护器壳体的纵向圆柱形通孔中，通过第一固定螺栓固定。移动插销组件的圆环与盖板焊接在一起并卡圆形台阶槽中，移动插销组件的弹簧管、不锈钢垫片和环氧垫片均在保护器壳体的圆柱空腔中，插销本体通过方孔插入保护器壳体的横向圆柱形通孔中。固定电极组件的固定引出导线与电容器接线端子连接，固定电极本体一端放置在保护器壳体的U型槽中，固定电极本体另一端与横向圆柱形通孔的一端通过螺纹配合连接。移动电极组件的可移动电极、内连接导线以及弹簧放置在横向圆柱形通孔中，移动电极组件的移动电极本体部分放置在横向圆柱形通孔中并通过限位螺栓定位，移动电极组件的移动引出导线与 电容器接线端子连接。
移动插销组件的圆环、弹簧管以及不锈钢垫片依次通过焊接连成一体，不锈钢垫片和环氧垫片和插销本体通过螺纹配合连接并涂密封胶。圆环、弹簧管以及不锈钢垫片的材料为不锈钢。插销本体的材料为环氧树脂，插销本体的上端为圆柱形，下端为长方体。
固定电极组件的固定电极本体和固定引出导线之间用第二固定螺栓紧固连接。固定电极本体材料为黄铜，固定电极本体上端为正方体、中间为圆柱体、底部为带螺纹的圆柱体。固定引出导线采用绝缘多股镀锡软铜线。
移动电极组件的移动电极本体、套有压缩状弹簧的内连接导线和可移动电极依次通过第三固定螺栓紧固连接，移动电极本体和移动引出导线也通过第三固定螺栓紧固连接。可移动电极材料为黄铜。移动电极本体材料为黄铜，移动电极本体为T型圆柱体。移动引出导线采用绝缘多股镀锡软铜线。
固定螺柱材料为不锈钢，固定螺柱为外径8mm、内径M6螺纹的圆柱体。
第一固定螺栓和限位螺栓都采用内六角结构，螺纹M6。
在电容器正常运行情况下，可移动电极在横向圆柱形通孔中被插销本体阻挡，与对应的固定电极本体保持足够的绝缘距离，弹簧被压缩，压力保护器呈开路状态。当电容器发生故障，当电容器内部压力渐渐变大时，移动插销组件的弹簧管逐渐压缩，压力使插销本体向上慢慢移动，当压力达到某一设定值时，插销本体的底部与 方孔底刚好部持平时，弹簧将被释放，迅速驱动移动电极靠向固定电极，压力保护器呈短路状态。
由于可移动电极与固定电极本体分别连接到电容器的两个出线端子上，从而使电容器端子间形成短路。这种金属性的可靠短路能使电容器组产生足够大的不平衡电压或电流，使后备的继电保护能顺利检测到，并驱动断路器动作，从而切除故障电容器装置，防止电容器爆裂造成事故。
本发明的有益效果是：根据干式高压自愈式并联电容器的材料、结构和特性，采用这种压力保护器，可解决自愈式电容器内部故障的继电保护技术难题，有效地避免事故的发生。
本发明结构简单，安装、使用方便，可满足电容器安全运行的要求。
说明书附图
图1为本发明实施安装在电容器中的示意图。
图2为本发明的结构示意图。
图3为固定螺柱的示意图。
图4为保护器壳体的示意图。
图5为图4的俯视图。
图6为移动插销组件的示意图。
图7为固定电极组件的示意图。
图8为移动电极组件的示意图。
图9为第一固定螺栓的示意图。
图10为限位螺栓的示意图。
图中，1–箱壳；2–盖板；3–心子；4–填充的树脂；5–压力保护器；6–接线端子；
51–固定螺柱；52–保护器壳体；53–移动插销组件；54–固定电极组件；55–移动电极组件；56–第一固定螺栓；57–限位螺栓；
531–圆环；532–弹簧管；533–不锈钢垫片；534–插销本体；535–环氧垫片；
541–固定电极本体；542–第二固定螺栓；543–固定引出导线；
551–移动电极本体；552–可移动电极；553–内连接导线；554–弹簧；555–第三固定螺栓；556–移动引出导线。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
在图1中可见：电容器由箱壳1、盖板2、心子3、填充的树脂4、压力保护器5和接线端子6构成，压力保护器装设在电容器内部，故障信号增强器5与电容器的两个接线端子6连接。
从图2～10中可见：压力保护器5主要由固定螺柱51、保护器壳体52、移动插销组件53、固定电极组件54、移动电极组件55、第一固定螺栓56和限位螺栓57构成；
保护器壳体52为L形，其上部中间部分依次有深度2mm的圆形台阶槽、深度40mm的圆柱形空腔，圆形台阶槽与保护器壳体52外表面有深度2mm的缺口，其四周共有4只纵向圆柱形通孔，其底部有一只U型槽并连接横向圆柱形通孔，空腔与横向圆柱形通孔之间有1只方孔，其材 料为聚碳酸酯，并通过模具冲压而成一体；移动插销组件53包括圆环531、弹簧管532、不锈钢垫片533、插销本体534和环氧垫片535；固定电极组件54包括固定电极本体541、第二固定螺栓542和固定引出导线543；移动电极组件55包括移动电极本体551、可移动电极552、内连接导线553、弹簧554、第三固定螺栓555和移动引出导线556；
固定螺柱51一端与盖板2焊接在一起，另一端在保护器壳体52的纵向圆柱形通孔中，通过第一固定螺栓56固定；移动插销组件53的圆环531与盖板2焊接在一起并卡在圆形台阶槽中，移动插销组件53的弹簧管532、不锈钢垫片533和环氧垫片535均在保护器壳体52的圆柱空腔中，插销本体534通过方孔插入保护器壳体52的横向圆柱形通孔中；固定电极组件54的固定引出导线543与电容器接线端子6连接，其固定电极本体541一端放置在保护器壳体52的U型槽中，另一端与横向圆柱形通孔的一端通过螺纹配合连接；移动电极组件55的可移动电极552、内连接导线553、弹簧554放置在横向圆柱形通孔中，移动电极组件55的移动电极本体551部分放置在横向圆柱形通孔中并通过限位螺栓7定位，移动电极组件55的移动引出导线556与电容器接线端子连接；
移动插销组件53的圆环531、弹簧管532、不锈钢垫片533依次通过焊接连成一体，不锈钢垫片533和环氧垫片535和插销本体534通过螺纹配合连接并涂密封胶。圆环531、弹簧管532、不锈钢垫片533的材料为不锈钢。插销本体534的材料为环氧树脂，其上端为圆柱形，下端为长方体；
固定电极组件54的固定电极本体541和固定引出导线543之间用第 二固定螺栓542紧固连接。固定电极本体541材料为黄铜，其上端为正方体、中间为圆柱体、底部为带螺纹的圆柱体；固定引出导线543采用绝缘多股镀锡软铜线；
移动电极组件55的移动电极本体551、套有压缩状弹簧554的内连接导线553和可移动电极552依次通过第三固定螺栓555紧固连接，移动电极本体551和移动引出导线556也通过第三固定螺栓555紧固连接；可移动电极552材料为黄铜；移动电极本体551材料为黄铜，为T型圆柱体。移动引出导线556采用绝缘多股镀锡软铜线。
固定螺柱1材料为不锈钢，为外径8mm、内径M6螺纹的圆柱体。
第一固定螺栓6和限位螺栓7都采用内六角结构，螺纹M6。
在电容器正常运行情况下，可移动电极552在横向圆柱形通孔中被插销本体534阻挡，与对应的固定电极本体541保持足够的绝缘距离，弹簧554被压缩，压力保护器5呈开路状态。当电容器发生故障，当电容器内部压力渐渐变大时，移动插销组件53的弹簧管532逐渐压缩，压力使插销本体534向上慢慢移动，当压力达到某一设定值时，插销本体534的底部与方孔底刚好部持平时，弹簧554将被释放，迅速驱动移动电极552靠向固定电极54，压力保护器5呈短路状态。
由于移动电极组件55与固定电极组件54分别连接到电容器的两个接线端子6上，从而使电容器端子间形成短路。这种金属性的可靠短路能使电容器组产生足够大的不平衡电压或电流，使后备的继电保护能顺利检测到，并驱动断路器动作，从而切除故障电容器装置，防止电容器爆裂造成事故。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种高压自愈式电容器用压力保护器，所述压力保护器装设在高压自愈式电容器内部，所述压力保护器的特征在于：所述压力保护器主要由固定螺柱、保护器壳体、移动插销组件、固定电极组件、移动电极组件、第一固定螺栓和限位螺栓构成；所述保护器壳体为L形，所述保护器壳体上部中间部分依次有深度2mm的圆形台阶槽和深度2mm的圆柱形空腔，圆形台阶槽与保护器壳体外表面有深度2mm的缺口，保护器壳体的四周共有4只纵向圆柱形通孔，保护器壳体的底部有一只U型槽并连接横向圆柱形通孔，空腔与横向圆柱形通孔之间有1只方孔，保护器壳体的材料为聚碳酸酯，并通过模具冲压而成一体；所述移动插销组件包括圆环、弹簧管、不锈钢垫片、插销本体和环氧垫片；所述固定电极组件包括固定电极本体、第二固定螺栓和固定引出导线；所述移动电极组件包括移动电极本体、可移动电极、内连接导线、弹簧、第三固定螺栓和移动引出导线；所述固定螺柱一端与盖板焊接在一起，所述固定螺柱另一端在保护器壳体的纵向圆柱形通孔中，通过第一固定螺栓固定；所述移动插销组件的圆环与盖板焊接在一起并卡在圆形台阶槽中，移动插销组件的弹簧管、不锈钢垫片和环氧垫片均在保护器壳体的圆柱空腔中，插销本体通过方孔插入保护器壳体的横向圆柱形通孔中；所述固定电极组件的固定引出导线与电容器接线端子连接，固定电极本体一端放置在保护器壳体的U型槽中，固定电极本体另一端与横向圆柱形通孔的一端通过螺纹配合连接；所述移动电极组件的可移动电极、内连接导线以及弹簧放置在横向圆柱形通孔中，移动电极组件的移动电极本体部分放置在横向圆柱形通孔中并通过限位螺栓定位，移动电极组件的移动引出导线与电容器接线端子连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高压自愈式电容器用压力保护器，其特征在于：所述移动插销组件的圆环、弹簧管以及不锈钢垫片依次通过焊接连成一体，不锈钢垫片和环氧垫片和插销本体通过螺纹配合连接并涂密封胶；圆环、弹簧管以及不锈钢垫片的材料为不锈钢；插销本体的材料为环氧树脂，插销本体的上端为圆柱形，下端为长方体。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的高压自愈式电容器用压力保护器，其特征在于：所述固定电极组件的固定电极本体和固定引出导线之间用第二固定螺栓紧固连接；所述固定电极本体材料为黄铜，所述固定电极本体上端为正方体、中间为圆柱体、底部为带螺纹的圆柱体；所述固定引出导线采用绝缘多股镀锡软铜线。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的高压自愈式电容器用压力保护器，其特征在于：所述移动电极组件的移动电极本体、套有压缩状弹簧的内连接导线和可移动电极依次通过第三固定螺栓紧固连接，移动电极本体和移动引出导线也通过第三固定螺栓紧固连接；所述可移动电极的材料为黄铜；所述移动电极本体的材料为黄铜，所述移动电极本体为T型圆柱体；所述移动引出导线采用绝缘多股镀锡软铜线。
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