WO2022079798A1 - ガラスの加工方法 - Google Patents
ガラスの加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022079798A1 WO2022079798A1 PCT/JP2020/038617 JP2020038617W WO2022079798A1 WO 2022079798 A1 WO2022079798 A1 WO 2022079798A1 JP 2020038617 W JP2020038617 W JP 2020038617W WO 2022079798 A1 WO2022079798 A1 WO 2022079798A1
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- glass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
- B23K26/382—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/402—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B33/00—Severing cooled glass
- C03B33/02—Cutting or splitting sheet glass or ribbons; Apparatus or machines therefor
- C03B33/0222—Scoring using a focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B33/00—Severing cooled glass
- C03B33/08—Severing cooled glass by fusing, i.e. by melting through the glass
- C03B33/082—Severing cooled glass by fusing, i.e. by melting through the glass using a focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
- G02F1/354—Third or higher harmonic generation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S3/0057—Temporal shaping, e.g. pulse compression, frequency chirping
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/108—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering
- H01S3/109—Frequency multiplication, e.g. harmonic generation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/131—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation
- H01S3/134—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation in gas lasers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/22—Gases
- H01S3/223—Gases the active gas being polyatomic, i.e. containing two or more atoms
- H01S3/225—Gases the active gas being polyatomic, i.e. containing two or more atoms comprising an excimer or exciplex
- H01S3/2256—KrF, i.e. krypton fluoride is comprised for lasing around 248 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic materials other than metals or composite materials
- B23K2103/54—Glass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/22—Gases
- H01S3/223—Gases the active gas being polyatomic, i.e. containing two or more atoms
- H01S3/225—Gases the active gas being polyatomic, i.e. containing two or more atoms comprising an excimer or exciplex
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/23—Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media
- H01S3/2383—Parallel arrangements
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a glass processing method.
- a KrF excimer laser apparatus that outputs a laser beam having a wavelength of about 248 nm and an ArF excimer laser apparatus that outputs a laser beam having a wavelength of about 193 nm are used.
- a method for processing glass includes generating pulsed laser light using a laser oscillator and irradiating the non-alkali glass to be processed with the pulsed laser light, wherein the wavelength of the pulsed laser light is. It is in the range of 248 nm to 266 nm, and the pulse laser light has an energy ratio of 91% or more and 99% or less from 5 ns to 400 ns from the rising edge of the pulse.
- a method for processing glass uses a laser oscillator to generate a first pulsed laser beam having a wavelength in the range of 248 nm to 266 nm, on the optical path of the first pulsed laser beam.
- the ratio of energy from the rising edge of the pulse to 400 ns is 91% or more and 99% or less. It involves generating a laser beam and irradiating the non-alkali glass to be processed with a second pulsed laser beam.
- a plurality of laser oscillators are used to generate a plurality of pulsed laser beams having a wavelength in the range of 248 nm to 266 nm at different timings, and the plurality of pulsed laser beams are generated.
- a synthetic pulsed laser beam with an energy ratio of 91% or more and 99% or less from 5 ns to 400 ns from the rising edge of the pulse is generated. It also includes irradiating the non-alkali glass to be processed with synthetic pulsed laser light.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a configuration example of a laser machining system used for drilling holes in glass.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the configuration of the excimer laser apparatus according to the comparative example.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows the configuration of an excimer laser apparatus used in the glass processing method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows the configuration of an optical pulse stretcher (OPS).
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of a waveform of a pulsed laser beam output from the excimer laser apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of irradiation pulses and the processing depth in the processing of fine holes in glass.
- FIG. 7 is an image showing the result of observing the glass surface when the glass is irradiated with one pulse of pulsed laser light.
- FIG . 8 is a graph showing the measurement results of the processing threshold value by the D2 method.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a test setup for measuring a time change in the amount of glass absorbed.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the time change of the amount of transmitted light of the glass measured by the waveform sensor shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a graph comparing the time change of the transmitted light amount after the second pulse during processing and the time change of the transmitted light amount during defocusing.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the time change of the ratio of the transmitted light amount / incident light amount after the second pulse.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of the waveform of the pulsed laser beam output when the orbital distance of the OPS is changed.
- FIG. 14 is a chart summarizing the relationship between the OPS orbital distance, the TIS of the output pulsed laser beam, and the energy ratio from the rise of the pulse to 400 ns after 5 ns.
- FIG. 15 is a chart showing the calculation results of the TIS of the pulsed laser beam output when the reflectance of the beam splitter in the OPS is changed and the ratio of the energy from 5 ns to 400 ns from the rising edge of the pulse. ..
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing an example of the waveform of the pulsed laser beam output when the reflectance of the beam splitter in the OPS is changed.
- FIG. 17 schematically shows the configuration of the excimer laser apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 18 shows an example of the waveform of the pulsed laser beam output when the number of stages of the OPS is changed.
- FIG. 19 is a chart showing the calculation results of the TIS of the pulsed laser beam output when the number of stages of the OPS is changed and the energy ratio from 5 ns to 400 ns from the rising edge of the pulse.
- FIG. 20 schematically shows the configuration of the laser device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 21 schematically shows the configuration of the laser system according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the laser system according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram of a delay time of pulsed laser light output from a plurality of laser oscillators.
- FIG. 24 shows an example of a pulse waveform for one pulse of pulsed laser light output from each of a plurality of laser oscillators.
- TIS is an index of the pulse width of a pulsed laser beam and is represented by the following equation (1).
- TIS [ ⁇ I (t) dt] 2 / ⁇ I (t) 2 dt (1)
- I (t) in the equation (1) is a time function of the light intensity (intensity) of the pulsed laser beam.
- TIS is known as a method of defining the pulse width of a time function of intensity that is not a square wave. TIS may be referred to as "TIS pulse time width” or “TIS width” and the like.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of a laser machining system 1 used when a microhole is directly machined in a glass GL with an excimer laser device 10.
- the laser processing system 1 includes an excimer laser apparatus 10, an aperture or a mask 60, a mirror 62, a reduction transfer optical system 64, and an XYZ stage 66.
- the glass GL as a processing target (workpiece) is arranged on the XYZ stage 66.
- the XYZ stage 66 is a stage with an actuator that can move in each of the three orthogonal axes of the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction.
- a KrF excimer laser having a wavelength of 248 nm, an ArF excimer laser having a wavelength of 193 nm, or the like is used for example.
- the laser processing system 1 irradiates the aperture or the mask 60 with the pulsed laser light output from the excimer laser apparatus 10, and irradiates the glass GL with the image of the aperture or the mask 60 with the reduced transfer optical system 64 to obtain the glass GL. Process. According to such a laser machining system 1, it is possible to machine a plurality of fine holes at the same time. In addition to the configuration shown in FIG. 1, there is also a method of condensing the pulsed laser light with a condensing lens and irradiating the object to be drilled with the light.
- the excimer laser apparatus 10 includes a laser oscillator 12, a monitor module 16, and a laser control unit 20.
- the laser oscillator 12 includes a chamber 120, a rear mirror 126, and an output coupling mirror 128.
- the output coupling mirror 128 may be, for example, a partially reflective mirror having a reflectance of 8% to 15%.
- the output coupling mirror 128 is arranged together with the rear mirror 126 to form an optical resonator.
- the chamber 120 is arranged on the optical path of the optical resonator.
- the chamber 120 includes a pair of electrodes 130a, 130b and two windows 134, 136 through which the laser beam passes.
- Excimer laser gas is supplied into the chamber 120 from a gas supply source (not shown).
- the excimer laser gas includes, for example, a rare gas, a halogen gas, and a buffer gas.
- the rare gas may be, for example, Ar or Kr.
- the halogen gas may be, for example, F 2
- the buffer gas may be, for example, Ne.
- the monitor module 16 is arranged on the optical path of the pulsed laser light output from the laser oscillator 12.
- the monitor module 16 includes a beam splitter 162, a condenser lens 163, and an optical sensor 164.
- the beam splitter 162 is arranged on the optical path of the pulsed laser beam.
- the beam splitter 162, the condenser lens 163, and the optical sensor 164 are arranged so that the reflected light of the beam splitter 162 is incident on the optical sensor 164 via the condenser lens 163.
- the optical sensor 164 is arranged so that the light receiving portion of the optical sensor 164 is located at the focal position of the condenser lens 163.
- the optical sensor 164 may be, for example, a fast response photodiode or a biplanar phototube.
- a part of the pulsed laser light output from the laser oscillator 12 is reflected by the beam splitter 162 in the monitor module 16 and is incident on the optical sensor 164 via the condenser lens 163.
- the laser control unit 20 receives the signal from the optical sensor 164, integrates the pulse time waveform, and calculates the pulse energy.
- the laser control unit 20 controls the voltage applied between the electrodes 130a and 130b in the laser oscillator 12 so that the pulse energy measured by the optical sensor 164 becomes the target pulse energy.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows the configuration of the excimer laser apparatus 10A used in the glass processing method according to the first embodiment.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 3 will be described as different from that of FIG.
- the excimer laser apparatus 10A is a KrF excimer laser apparatus including an optical pulse stretcher (OPS) 100 on an optical path between the laser oscillator 12 and the monitor module 16.
- OPS100 is arranged so that the pulsed laser beam output from the output coupling mirror 128 is incident.
- the OPS100 includes a beam splitter BS1 and four concave mirrors 101, 102, 103, 104. Other configurations may be the same as in FIG.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows the configuration of OPS100.
- the beam splitter BS1 is arranged on the optical path of the pulsed laser light output from the output coupling mirror 128 of the laser oscillator 12.
- the beam splitter BS1 is a partial reflection mirror that transmits a part of the incident pulse laser light and reflects the other pulse laser light.
- the reflectance of the beam splitter BS1 is preferably 40% to 70%, more preferably about 60%.
- the concave mirrors 101, 102, 103 and 104 form a delayed optical path of the pulsed laser beam reflected by the first plane of the beam splitter BS1.
- the four concave mirrors 101 to 104 may be concave mirrors having substantially the same focal lengths.
- the focal length f of each of the concave mirrors 101 to 104 may correspond to, for example, the distance from the beam splitter BS1 to the concave mirror 101.
- the concave mirror 101 is arranged so as to reflect the pulsed laser light reflected by the first surface of the beam splitter BS1 and to be incident on the concave mirror 102.
- the pulsed laser light reflected on the first surface of the beam splitter BS1 is the first image at the same magnification (1: 1) on the image on the first surface of the beam splitter BS1. It is arranged so as to form an image as.
- the concave mirror 103 is arranged so as to be reflected by the pulsed laser light reflected by the concave mirror 102 and incident on the concave mirror 104.
- the concave mirror 104 is arranged so that the pulsed laser light reflected by the concave mirror 104 is incident on a second surface opposite to the first surface of the beam splitter BS1.
- the concave mirror 103 and the concave mirror 104 are arranged so as to form a first image on the second surface of the beam splitter BS1 as a second image at the same magnification.
- the pulsed laser light incident on the OPS 100 is incident on the first surface of the beam splitter BS1.
- a part of the pulsed laser light incident on the first surface of the beam splitter BS1 passes through the beam splitter BS1 and is output from the OPS 100 as a pulsed laser beam of 0 orbital light that does not orbit the delayed optical path.
- 0-circumferential light is synonymous with non-circumferential light, and is also called "through light”.
- the pulsed laser light reflected on the first surface of the beam splitter BS1 enters the delayed optical path and is reflected by the concave mirrors 101 to 104. ..
- a part of the pulsed laser beam incident on the second surface of the beam splitter BS1 from the concave mirror 104 is reflected by the second surface of the beam splitter BS1 and is OPS100 as a pulse laser beam of one round of light that orbits the delayed optical path once. Is output from.
- the pulsed laser beam of the one-circle light is output with a delay time ⁇ t1 from the pulsed laser beam of the zero-circle light.
- the pulsed laser light transmitted through the beam splitter BS1 further enters the delay optical path and is reflected by the four concave mirrors 101 to 104. , Increasing on the second surface of the beam splitter BS1. Then, the pulsed laser light reflected by the second surface of the beam splitter BS1 is output from the OPS 100 as the pulsed laser light of the two-round light that has made two rounds of the delayed optical path.
- the pulsed laser beam of the two-circumferential light is output with a delay time ⁇ t1 from the pulsed laser beam of the one-circle light.
- the OPS100 outputs a pulsed laser beam in which the pulses of 0 orbital light, 1 orbital light, 2 orbital light, 3 orbital light, and the like are superimposed.
- the light intensity of each orbital light output from the OPS100 decreases as the number of orbits of the delayed optical path increases.
- the orbiting light after the first orbital light is synthesized with a delay of an integral multiple of the delay time ⁇ t1 with respect to the 0 orbital light, and is output from the OPS 100. Hold and overlap. In this way, the pulse width of the pulsed laser beam is extended by the OPS 100.
- the pulsed laser light that has passed through the OPS 100 passes through the monitor module 16 and is output from the excimer laser device 10A.
- the pulsed laser light output from the output coupling mirror 128 is an example of the "first pulsed laser light” in the present disclosure.
- the pulsed laser light whose pulse width is extended by the OPS100 is an example of the "second pulsed laser light” in the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of the waveform of the pulsed laser light output from the excimer laser device 10A.
- the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents intensity.
- FIG. 5 also shows the waveform of the pulsed laser beam output from the excimer laser apparatus 10 according to the comparative example for comparison.
- the TIS of the pulsed laser beam output from the excimer laser apparatus 10 according to the comparative example not equipped with the OPS100 is, for example, 32 ns.
- the TIS of the pulsed laser light output from the excimer laser apparatus 10A is about 74 ns. Is stretched to.
- the pulsed laser beam output from the OPS100 has a pulse waveform synthesized so that a pulse of non-circumferential light and a pulse of each orbiting light that orbits the delayed optical path one or more times are continuously connected, and are synthesized.
- the entire pulse waveform can be one irradiation pulse.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of irradiation pulses and the processing depth in the processing of fine holes in glass.
- the horizontal axis represents the number of irradiation pulses, and the vertical axis represents the processing depth.
- the glass to be processed is non-alkali glass having a plate thickness of 500 ⁇ m, and the wavelength of the pulsed laser light irradiating the non-alkali glass is 248 nm.
- Non-alkali glass is used, for example, in glass interposers and micro LED (Light-Emitting Diode) displays.
- the fine holes processed into the non-alkali glass may be, for example, through holes for wiring. By irradiating the non-alkali glass with pulsed laser light a plurality of times, a through hole can be directly machined in the non-alkali glass.
- FIG. 6 shows an example when the pulsed laser beam according to the comparative example of TIS of 32 ns is used and an example of the case where the pulsed laser beam according to the first embodiment of TIS is 74 ns is used.
- the number of irradiation pulses obtained with a processing depth of 500 ⁇ m is 1200 pulses in the case of the pulse laser light (TIS: 32 ns) according to the comparative example, whereas the pulse laser according to the first embodiment. In the case of light (TIS: 74ns), it was 900 pulses.
- FIG. 7 shows the results of observing the glass surface when one pulse of pulsed laser light is applied to the non-alkali glass.
- the major axis of the region processed by the irradiation of the pulsed laser light is D1
- the minor axis is D2
- the product of D1 and D2 is D2.
- D 2 corresponds to the area of the circumscribed rectangle of the region processed by the irradiation of the pulsed laser beam.
- the light intensity distribution of the beam cross section of the pulsed laser beam irradiated for the measurement of D 2 may be Gaussian.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the fluence of the pulsed laser beam and the area of the circumscribed rectangle in the processed region.
- the horizontal axis represents fluence and the vertical axis represents D 2 .
- the fluence when D 2 is 0 becomes the threshold value of the fluence required for processing the glass (hereinafter referred to as the processing threshold value).
- FIG . 8 shows the relationship between the fluence of pulsed laser beams having TIS of 32 ns, 62 ns, and 74 ns and D2.
- the regression line RL32 is obtained from the relationship between the fluence and D2 when the TIS uses a pulsed laser beam of 32 ns. From this regression line RL32, the processing threshold value Fth when the TIS is 32 ns pulsed laser light is 18.0 J / cm 2 .
- the regression line RL62 and the regression line RL74 can be obtained from the relationship between the fluence and D2 when the TIS uses the pulsed laser beams of 62 ns and 74 ns, respectively. From the regression line RL62, the processing threshold Fth when the TIS is 62 ns pulsed laser light is 17.0 J / cm 2 , and from the regression line RL74, the processing threshold Fth when the TIS is 74 ns pulsed laser light is 12.8 J. It was / cm 2 .
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the test setup when measuring the time change of the glass absorption amount.
- a pulsed laser beam having a wavelength of 248 nm is used to irradiate the glass GL, which is the object to be processed, with the pulsed laser beam through the condenser lens 52, and the light intensity (transmitted light amount) of the transmitted light is measured by the waveform sensor 54.
- the waveform sensor 54 Here is an example measured in.
- Glass GL is non-alkali glass.
- a viplanar phototube was used as the waveform sensor 54.
- the amount of defocus was changed by moving the glass GL, which is the object to be processed, in the optical path axis direction of the pulsed laser light and changing the relative distance between the condenser lens 52 and the glass GL, and the fluence was changed for measurement. ..
- the fluence is a low fluence condition that does not reach the processing threshold. It can be understood that the time change of the amount of transmitted light observed at the time of defocus corresponds to the time change of the intensity of the pulsed laser light applied to the glass GL.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the time change of the amount of transmitted light of the glass GL measured by the waveform sensor 54.
- Graph G1 in FIG. 10 is a time change of the amount of transmitted light of the first pulse during glass processing.
- Graph G2 is a time change of the amount of transmitted light of the second pulse during glass processing.
- the graph Gdf is a time change of the amount of transmitted light at the time of defocusing (during non-processing).
- the amount of transmitted light at high fluence above the processing threshold is about 10% of the amount of transmitted light at low fluence lower than the processing threshold. From this, it is understood that energy is absorbed in the glass GL for processing.
- the amount of transmitted light is large only at the head portion of the first pulse with high fluence. It is considered that this is because the glass GL is deteriorated after the first portion of the first pulse and the amount of light absorption is increased.
- FIG. 11 is a graph comparing the time change of the transmitted light amount at the time of processing and the time change of the transmitted light amount at the time of defocusing after the second pulse.
- the amount of transmitted light at the time of defocus can be regarded as the amount of incident light.
- Graph G21 in FIG. 11 is a time change of the amount of transmitted light of the second pulse during glass processing.
- both waveforms are considered to have the same shape, but as shown in FIG. 11, both are not the same waveform. This indicates that the amount of light absorption by the glass GL changes during the pulse.
- FIG. 11 shows a graph of the amount of transmitted light of the second pulse, the same time change as that of the second pulse is shown after the third pulse.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the ratio of the transmitted light amount / incident light amount after the second pulse.
- the incident light amount referred to here may be the transmitted light amount at the time of defocusing.
- the ratio of transmitted light amount / incident light amount is called "transmitted light amount ratio".
- the transmitted light amount ratio is large about 5 ns from the rising edge of the pulse. That is, the amount of light absorbed by the glass GL is small. This is considered to have a small contribution to machining during the period from the rising edge of the pulse to the first 5 ns, which is consistent with the result that the machining rate of the long pulse is high. That is, from the graph of FIG. 12, it was found that the contribution of the light energy after 5 ns, in which the transmitted light amount ratio becomes small (the absorbed light amount becomes large), is important for improving the processing rate.
- the energy of the pulsed laser light emitted when the transmitted light amount ratio of the glass GL is small contributes to the improvement of the processing rate. Therefore, the pulses of each orbiting light output from the OPS 100 do not become a plurality of pulses that are completely separated (independent) from each other, but a part of the preceding pulse and the succeeding pulse are overlapped and connected. It is preferable that one pulse is formed by the entire composite waveform in which a plurality of orbital light pulses including non-circumferential light are combined. That is, it is preferable that there is no period during which the energy becomes 0 in the middle of one pulse as a composite waveform output from the OPS 100.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of the waveform of the pulsed laser beam output when the orbital distance of OPS100 is changed.
- the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents intensity.
- FIG. 13 shows a pulsed laser light waveform PW7 output from an OPS having an orbital distance of 7 m and a pulsed laser light waveform PW14 output from an OPS having an orbital distance of 14 m. Further, for reference, the waveform PW0 of the pulsed laser beam output from the excimer laser apparatus 10 according to the comparative example without OPS is also displayed in FIG. 13.
- FIG. 14 is a chart summarizing the relationship between the OPS orbital distance, the TIS of the output pulsed laser beam, and the energy ratio from 5 ns to 400 ns from the rising edge of the pulse.
- “OPS-R” in FIG. 14 represents the reflectance of the beam splitter BS1.
- FIG. 14 shows an example in which the orbital distances of the OPS 100 are 7 m, 14 m, and 21 m, respectively.
- the "energy ratio” is the ratio (ratio) of the energy from the rising edge of the pulse to 400 ns to the pulsed energy up to 400 ns including the period from the rising edge to the falling edge (pulse termination) of the pulsed laser beam. Is. As shown in FIG.
- the TIS can be extended by increasing the orbital distance of the OPS100.
- the TIS can be extended to 97 ns.
- the ratio of energy from the rising edge of the pulse to 400 ns after 5 ns can be increased to 95%.
- the termination time of "400ns" is defined from the viewpoint of a sufficient time for the energy of the pulsed laser beam to become zero.
- the pulse waveform of the pulsed laser light output from the OPS 100 differs depending on the specific configuration of the OPS100, and the time for the energy to become zero differs depending on the pulse waveform after the rise of the pulse.
- Various pulse waveforms are assumed, but based on a practical configuration, the energy of the pulsed laser beam can be zero from the rising edge of the pulse to 400 ns at the latest.
- the ratio of energy from the rise of the pulse to the end of the pulse from 5 ns to the end of the pulse is evaluated by obtaining the ratio of energy from the rise of the pulse to 400 ns after 5 ns.
- Fig. 15 shows the calculation result of TIS of the pulsed laser beam output when the reflectance of the beam splitter BS1 in OPS100 is changed, and the rising edge of the pulse. It is a chart which shows the ratio of energy from 5ns to 400ns.
- the condition of the reflectance of 40% and the TIS of 62 ns in FIG. 15 corresponds to the condition of the TIS of 62 ns described in FIG.
- the condition of the reflectance of 60% and the TIS of 74ns in FIG. 15 corresponds to the condition of the TIS of 74ns described in FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing an example of the waveform of the pulsed laser beam output when the reflectance of the beam splitter BS1 in the OPS100 is changed.
- the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents intensity.
- FIG. 16 shows the waveform PWR40 of the pulsed laser light output from the OPS having a reflectance of 40% in the beam splitter BS1 and the waveform of the pulsed laser light output from the OPS having a reflectance of 60% in the beam splitter BS1.
- the PWR60 and the waveform PWR90 of the pulsed laser light output from the OPS having a reflectance of 90% of the beam splitter BS1 are shown.
- the waveform PW0 of the pulsed laser beam output from the excimer laser apparatus 10 according to the comparative example without OPS is also shown in FIG.
- TIS can be extended by increasing the reflectance of the beam splitter BS1 in the OPS100 to 40% or more.
- TIS can be extended to 74 ns.
- the ratio of energy from the rise of the pulse to 400 ns after 5 ns can be increased to 91% or more and 99%.
- the OPS100 described in the first embodiment has a form in which a delayed optical path is formed by four concave mirrors 101 to 104, but the configuration of the OPS is not limited to this example. For example, it is possible to form a delayed optical path with six concave mirrors, or to form a delayed optical path with eight or more concave mirrors.
- FIG. 17 schematically shows the configuration of the excimer laser apparatus 10B according to the second embodiment. The configuration shown in FIG. 17 will be described as being different from that of FIG.
- the excimer laser apparatus 10B includes a plurality of stages of OPS100 and 200 on the optical path between the laser oscillator 12 and the monitor module 16.
- the OPS 200 is arranged on the optical path between the OPS 100 and the monitor module 16.
- the OPS200 includes a beam splitter BS2 and four concave mirrors 201 to 204.
- the configuration of the OPS200 may be the same as the configuration of the OPS100 described with reference to FIG.
- the orbital distance of the OPS200 may be the same as or different from the orbital distance of the OPS100.
- the pulsed laser beam output from the OPS100 is incident on the OPS200.
- the pulse width of the pulsed laser beam incident on the OPS200 is further extended by the OPS200.
- the operation of OPS200 is the same as that of OPS100.
- the roles of the beam splitter BS2 of the OPS200 and the concave mirrors 201 to 204 are the same as the corresponding elements of the OPS100.
- the TIS can be further extended by directly arranging the optical pulse stretchers 100 and 200 in a plurality of stages directly on the optical path of the pulsed laser beam.
- the configuration in which the OPS is arranged in two stages is illustrated, but the number of stages of the OPS is not limited to two, and it is also possible to have three or more stages.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing an example of the waveform of the pulsed laser beam output when the number of OPS stages is changed.
- the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents intensity.
- the pulsed laser light waveform PWS1 output from the configuration in which the OPS is arranged in one stage (circulation distance is 7 m) and the pulse laser light output from the configuration in which the OPS are arranged in two stages (circulation distance is 7 m + 14 m).
- the waveform PWS2 of the above and the waveform PWS3 of the pulsed laser light output from the configuration in which the OPS are arranged in three stages (circulation distance is 7 m + 14 m + 21 m) are shown. Further, in FIG. 18, for reference, the waveform PW0 of the pulsed laser light output from the excimer laser apparatus 10 according to the comparative example without OPS is also displayed.
- FIG. 19 is a chart showing the calculation results of the TIS of the pulsed laser beam output when the number of stages of the OPS is changed and the energy ratio from 5 ns to 400 ns from the rising edge of the pulse.
- the orbital distance of the first-stage OPS100 is 7 m
- the orbital distance of the second-stage OPS200 is 14 m
- the orbital distance of the third-stage OPS (not shown) is 21 m.
- the orbital distance of the OPS in each stage is not limited to this example, and may have various forms.
- the TIS is extended to 155 ns, and the energy ratio from the rising edge of the pulse to 400 ns is improved to 98%.
- TIS is extended to 259 ns, and the energy ratio from 5 ns to 400 ns from the rising edge of the pulse is improved to 99%.
- the TIS is extended, the ratio of energy from the rising edge of the pulse to 400 ns can be increased, and as a result, the processing rate is improved.
- the number of OPS stages is increased to 3 or more, the energy loss is greatly increased, so that the number of OPS stages is preferably 1 or 2 stages.
- the pulse width can be further extended as compared with the first embodiment, and the ratio of energy from 5 ns to 400 ns from the pulse rise can be increased. Therefore, the processing rate is further improved.
- FIG. 20 schematically shows the configuration of the laser apparatus 10C according to the third embodiment.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 20 will be described as different from that of FIG.
- an excimer laser device 10A is exemplified as a laser device that outputs a pulsed laser beam, but in the third embodiment shown in FIG. 20, a laser device that outputs a fourth harmonic light of a solid-state laser instead of the excimer laser device 10A. 10C is used.
- the laser device 10C includes a solid-state laser device 12C and a wavelength conversion unit 13 instead of the laser oscillator 12 in FIG.
- the solid-state laser device 12C may be, for example, a YAG laser device having an oscillation wavelength of 1030 nm or 1064 nm.
- the wavelength conversion unit 13 is arranged on the optical path between the solid-state laser device 12C and the OPS100.
- the wavelength conversion unit 13 may be arranged on the optical path between the OPS 100 and the monitor module 16, but it is preferable that the wavelength conversion unit 13 is arranged in front of the OPS 100 as shown in FIG. 20 from the viewpoint of energy efficiency.
- the wavelength conversion unit 13 may be configured to include two second harmonic generation (SHG) crystals or one fourth harmonic generation (FHG) crystal.
- the nonlinear optical crystal arranged in the wavelength conversion unit 13 may be, for example, an LBO (LiB 3 O 5 ) crystal or a CLBO (CsLiB 6 O 10 ) crystal.
- the combination of the solid-state laser device 12C and the wavelength conversion unit 13 is an example of the "laser oscillator" in the present disclosure.
- the pulsed laser light output from the solid-state laser device 12C is converted by the wavelength conversion unit 13 into pulsed laser light having a wavelength of the 4th harmonic of 1030 nm, 257.5 nm, or a wavelength of the 4th harmonic of 1064 nm, which is 266 nm. Will be done.
- the pulse width of the pulsed laser light output from the wavelength conversion unit 13 is extended by the OPS100.
- a pulsed laser beam having an ultraviolet wavelength of 257.5 nm or 266 nm, which is substantially the same as the oscillation wavelength of the KrF excimer laser apparatus of 248 nm, can be obtained.
- the same effect as 1 can be obtained.
- FIG. 21 schematically shows the configuration of the laser system 10D according to the fourth embodiment.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 21 will be described as different from that of FIG.
- an excimer laser apparatus 10A is exemplified as a laser apparatus that outputs a pulsed laser beam, but in the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 21, a laser including a plurality of laser oscillators 41, 42, and 43 is used instead of the excimer laser apparatus 10A.
- System 10D is used.
- FIG. 21 illustrates a form in which three laser oscillators 41, 42, and 43 are provided, but the number of laser oscillators is not limited to three, and a configuration having two or more appropriate laser oscillators may be adopted.
- the laser system 10D includes a plurality of laser oscillators 41, 42, 43, a delay circuit 50, a monitor module 16, a laser control unit 20D, high reflection mirrors 71, 72, and knife edge mirrors 81, 82.
- the propagation optical system including the high reflection mirrors 71 and 72 and the knife edge mirrors 81 and 82 is an example of the “propagation optical system” in the present disclosure.
- the high reflection mirror 71 is an example of the "first mirror” in the present disclosure
- the high reflection mirror 72 is an example of the "second mirror” in the present disclosure.
- the knife edge mirror 81 is an example of the "first knife edge mirror” in the present disclosure
- the knife edge mirror 82 is an example of the "second knife edge mirror” in the present disclosure.
- Each of the laser oscillators 41, 42, and 43 may have the same configuration as the laser oscillator 12 of FIG. 3, or may have a solid-state laser device 12C such as a YAG laser as shown in FIG. 20 and a fourth harmonic. It may be a laser oscillator including a wavelength conversion unit 13 for generating the above. Further, one or more optical pulse stretchers (not shown) may be arranged on the optical paths of the respective laser oscillators 41, 42, and 43.
- the high reflection mirror 71 and the knife edge mirror 81 are arranged on the optical path of the first pulse laser light PL1 output from the laser oscillator 41.
- the high reflection mirror 71 is arranged so as to reflect the first pulse laser beam PL1 and make it incident on the knife edge mirror 81.
- the knife edge mirror 81 reflects the first pulse laser light PL1 incident through the high reflection mirror 71, and the optical path axis of the reflected first pulse laser light PL1 is output from the laser oscillator 42 as a second pulse. It is arranged so as to be parallel to the optical path axis of the laser beam PL2.
- the high reflection mirror 72 and the knife edge mirror 82 are arranged on the optical path of the third pulse laser light PL3 output from the laser oscillator 43.
- the high reflection mirror 72 reflects the third pulse laser beam PL3 and is arranged so as to be incident on the knife edge mirror 82.
- the knife edge mirror 82 reflects the third pulse laser light PL3 incident through the high reflection mirror 72, and the optical path axis of the reflected third pulse laser light PL3 is the optical path axis of the second pulse laser light PL2. Arranged so as to be parallel.
- the first pulsed laser beam PL1, the second pulsed laser beam PL2, and the third pulsed laser beam PL3 that have passed through the knife edge mirrors 81 and 82 travel on optical paths parallel to each other, and the beam splitter 162 in the monitor module 16 A part of each is reflected, and after passing through the condenser lens 163, it is incident on the optical sensor 164.
- the delay circuit 50 receives the emission delay times of the laser oscillators 41, 42, and 43 from the laser control unit 20D, and emits light trigger signals to the laser oscillators 41, 42, and 43 at the emission timing corresponding to the respective emission delay times. Is configured to output.
- the laser oscillator 41 is an example of the "first laser oscillator” in the present disclosure.
- the laser oscillator 42 is an example of the “second laser oscillator” in the present disclosure.
- the laser oscillator 43 is an example of the "third laser oscillator” in the present disclosure.
- the laser oscillators 41, 42, and 43 are referred to as "laser oscillator 1", “laser oscillator 2", and “laser oscillator 3" in FIGS. 21 and 22, respectively.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the laser system 10D.
- the laser control unit 20D sets the delay time of the pulsed laser light output from each of the plurality of laser oscillators 41, 42, and 43, and transmits the delay time to the delay circuit 50.
- the delay time (first delay time) of the first pulse laser beam PL1 is Td1
- the delay time of the second pulse laser beam PL2 (second delay time) is Td2
- Td3 70ns.
- the laser control unit 20D has a ratio of energy from 5 ns to 400 ns from the rising edge of the pulse in the synthetic pulse laser light obtained by synthesizing the first pulse laser light PL1, the second pulse laser light PL2, and the third pulse laser light PL3. It is preferable to set the respective delay times Td1, Td2, and Td3 so as to be 91% or more and 99% or less. Each delay time may be set so as to satisfy the relationship of Td1 ⁇ Td2 ⁇ Td3.
- the laser control unit 20D sets the target pulse energy of the pulsed laser light output from each of the plurality of laser oscillators 41, 42, and 43.
- the target pulse energy (first target pulse energy) of the first pulse laser beam PL1 is E1
- the target pulse energy of the second pulse laser beam PL2 (second target pulse energy)
- Each target pulse energy may be set so as to satisfy the relationship of E1 ⁇ E2 ⁇ E3.
- step S13 the laser control unit 20D transmits a light emission trigger signal to the delay circuit 50.
- step S14 the delay circuit 50 transmits a light emission trigger signal to the laser oscillators 41, 42, and 43 according to the setting of the delay time.
- step S15 the laser control unit 20D determines whether or not the machining of the workpiece has been completed. If the determination result in step S15 is No, the laser control unit 20D returns to step S13. On the other hand, when the determination result in step S15 is Yes determination, the laser control unit 20D ends the flowchart of FIG. 22.
- FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram of the delay time of the pulsed laser light output from the plurality of laser oscillators 41, 42, and 43 in the laser system 10D, respectively.
- the glass GL is irradiated with a plurality of pulses of pulsed laser light to machine a fine hole, the glass GL is formed at the head of each beam of the pulses irradiated multiple times at a specified repetition frequency. It is considered that the state of is reset. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 23, the plurality of pulsed laser beams output from the plurality of laser oscillators 41, 42, and 43 at different timings are subsequent pulses in a state where the transmitted light amount ratio of the glass GL is not reset.
- a part of the continuous pulses overlaps and continues so that the continuous pulses are continuously irradiated. That is, it is preferable that the delay times Td1, Td2, and Td3 are set so that the succeeding pulse overlaps a part of the preceding pulse.
- FIG. 24 shows an example of a pulse waveform for one pulse of pulsed laser light output from each of a plurality of laser oscillators 41, 42, and 43.
- the pulse waveform PW1 shown in the upper part of FIG. 24 is an example of the pulse waveform of the first pulse laser beam PL1 output from the laser oscillator 41.
- the pulse waveform PW2 shown in the middle of FIG. 24 is an example of the pulse waveform of the second pulse laser beam PL2 output from the laser oscillator 42.
- the pulse waveform PW3 shown in the lower part of FIG. 24 is an example of the pulse waveform of the third pulse laser beam PL3 output from the laser oscillator 43.
- the pulse waveform PW1 of the first pulse laser beam PL1 is an example of the "first pulse” in the present disclosure.
- the pulse waveform PW2 of the second pulse laser beam PL2 is an example of the "second pulse” in the present disclosure.
- the pulse waveform PW3 of the third pulse laser beam PL3 is an example of the "third pulse” in the present disclosure.
- the pulse duration from the rising edge to the falling edge of the pulse in the pulse waveform PW1 of the first pulse laser beam PL1 is the pulse duration from the rising edge to the falling edge of the pulse in the pulse waveform PW2 of the second pulse laser beam PL2.
- the pulse duration from the rise to the fall of the pulse in the pulse waveform PW3 of the Du2 and the third pulse laser beam PL3 is Du3, it is preferable to satisfy the following relationship.
- Td2 ⁇ (Td1 + Du1) Td3 ⁇ (Td2 + Du2)
- the succeeding pulse overlaps a part of the preceding pulse, so that the combined pulsed laser beam having a pulse duration of Td3 + Du3-Td1 in the entire synthesized waveform in which the plurality of pulses are synthesized is obtained.
- the TIS of the synthetic pulse laser light is 62 ns or more. Further, it is preferable to satisfy Du1> 5ns and Td2-Td1> 5ns.
- the synthetic pulse laser light obtained by synthesizing the pulse waveform PW1, the pulse waveform PW2 and the pulse waveform PW3 by the knife edge mirrors 81 and 82 is an example of the "synthetic pulse laser light" in the present disclosure.
- the preferred range for TIS of pulsed laser light is 62 ns or more and 259 ns or less, and the more preferable range is 62 ns or more and 155 ns or less, more preferably. It is 62 ns or more and 74 ns or less.
- the preferable range for the energy ratio from the rising edge of the pulse to 400 ns after 5 ns is 91% or more and 99% or less, and more preferably 91% or more and 95% or less.
- Wavelength of pulsed laser light For pulsed laser light with a wavelength in the range of 248 nm to 266 nm, it was confirmed that the processing rate was improved by setting the ratio of energy from the rising edge of the pulse to 400 ns after 5 ns to 91% or more as described above.
- the technique disclosed in the present disclosure has realized an improvement in processing rate by using pulsed laser light in a specific wavelength range (248 nm to 266 nm).
- the laser control units 20 and 20D can be realized by using one or more processors.
- the processor is a processing device including a storage device in which a control program is stored and a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that executes the control program.
- the processor is specially configured or programmed to perform the various processes contained in this disclosure.
- the storage device is a non-temporary computer-readable medium that is a tangible object, and includes, for example, a memory that is a main storage device and a storage that is an auxiliary storage device.
- the computer-readable medium may be, for example, a semiconductor memory, a hard disk drive (HDD) device, a solid state drive (SSD) device, or a combination thereof.
- the program executed by the processor is stored in a computer-readable medium.
- a part of the processing functions of the laser control units 20 and 20D may be realized by using an integrated circuit typified by FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit).
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
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Abstract
Description
1.用語の説明
2.レーザ加工システムの概要
3.比較例に係るエキシマレーザ装置の説明
3.1 構成
3.2 動作
3.3 課題
4.実施形態1
4.1 構成
4.2 動作
4.3 ロングパルスのパルスレーザ光の加工レートが高い要因
4.4 OPS周回距離とTISとの関係
4.5 OPS内のビームスプリッタの反射率とTISとの関係
4.6 効果
4.7 変形例
5.実施形態2
5.1 構成
5.2 動作
5.3 OPSの段数とパルス波形とTISとの関係
5.4 効果
6.実施形態3
6.1 構成
6.2 動作
6.3 効果
7.実施形態4
7.1 構成
7.2 動作
7.3 効果
8.パルスレーザ光の好ましい条件の例
9.パルスレーザ光の波長について
10.レーザ制御部のハードウェア構成について
11.その他
以下、本開示の実施形態について、図面を参照しながら詳しく説明する。以下に説明される実施形態は、本開示のいくつかの例を示すものであって、本開示の内容を限定するものではない。また、各実施形態で説明される構成及び動作の全てが本開示の構成及び動作として必須であるとは限らない。なお、同一の構成要素には同一の参照符号を付して、重複する説明を省略する。
「TIS」は、パルスレーザ光のパルス幅の指標であり、以下の式(1)で表される。
式(1)中のI(t)は、パルスレーザ光の光強度(インテンシティ)の時間関数である。
図1は、エキシマレーザ装置10でガラスGLに微細穴を直接加工する場合に用いられるレーザ加工システム1の例を概略的に示す。レーザ加工システム1は、エキシマレーザ装置10と、アパーチャ又はマスク60と、ミラー62と、縮小転写光学系64と、XYZステージ66とを含む。
3.1 構成
図2は、比較例に係るエキシマレーザ装置10の構成を概略的に示す。本開示の比較例とは、出願人のみによって知られていると出願人が認識している形態であって、出願人が自認している公知例ではない。
チャンバ120内の電極130a、130b間で放電を発生させると、エキシマレーザガスが励起され、出力結合ミラー128とリアミラー126とで構成される光共振器で増幅されたパルスレーザ光が出力結合ミラー128から出力される。
エキシマレーザで直接ガラスに微細穴を加工する方法は、加工レート(加工性)が低く、そのため、加工コストが高いという課題がある。
4.1 構成
図3は、実施形態1に係るガラスの加工方法に使用されるエキシマレーザ装置10Aの構成を概略的に示す。図3に示す構成について、図2と異なる点を説明する。エキシマレーザ装置10Aは、レーザ発振器12とモニタモジュール16との間の光路上に光パルスストレッチャ(OPS)100を含むKrFエキシマレーザ装置である。OPS100は、出力結合ミラー128から出力されたパルスレーザ光が入射するように配置される。
レーザ発振器12のチャンバ120において放電が発生すると、エキシマレーザガスが励起され、出力結合ミラー128とリアミラー126とで構成される光共振器によって生成されたパルスレーザ光が出力結合ミラー128から出力される。出力結合ミラー128から出力されたパルスレーザ光は、OPS100に入射し、OPS100によってパルスレーザ光のパルス幅が伸長される。
比較例に係るパルスレーザ光(TIS:32ns)に比べてパルス幅が伸長されたロングパルスのパルスレーザ光の方が加工レートが高い要因を調査するために、ガラス吸収量の時間変化を計測した。
図13は、OPS100の周回距離を変えた場合に出力されるパルスレーザ光の波形の例を示すグラフである。横軸は時間を表し、縦軸はインテンシティを表す。図13には、周回距離が7mのOPSから出力されるパルスレーザ光の波形PW7と、周回距離が14mのOPSから出力されるパルスレーザ光の波形PW14とが示されている。また、図13には、参考のために、OPSなしの比較例に係るエキシマレーザ装置10から出力されたパルスレーザ光の波形PW0も合わせて表示した。
図15は、OPS100内のビームスプリッタBS1の反射率を変えた場合に出力されるパルスレーザ光のTISの計算結果と、パルスの立ち上がりから5ns以降400nsまでのエネルギの比率とを示す図表である。図15中の反射率40%、TISが62nsである条件は、図6で説明したTISが62nsの条件に相当するものである。また、図15中の反射率60%、TISが74nsである条件は、図6で説明したTISが74nsの条件に相当するものである。
図6で説明したグラフのTISの条件を、パルスの立ち上がりから5ns以降400nsまでのエネルギの比率の条件に置き換えて考察すると明らかなように、パルスの立ち上がりから5ns以降400nsまでのエネルギの比率が91%以上のパルスレーザ光を無アルカリガラスに照射することにより、加工レートを向上させることができる。
実施形態1で説明したOPS100は、4枚の凹面ミラー101~104によって遅延光路が構成される形態であるが、OPSの構成はこの例に限らない。例えば、6枚の凹面ミラーによって遅延光路を構成する形態も可能であるし、8枚以上の凹面ミラーによって遅延光路を構成する形態も可能である。
5.1 構成
図17は、実施形態2に係るエキシマレーザ装置10Bの構成を概略的に示す。図17に示す構成について、図3と異なる点を説明する。
OPS100から出力されたパルスレーザ光は、OPS200に入射する。OPS200に入射したパルスレーザ光はOPS200によってさらにパルス幅が伸長される。OPS200の動作はOPS100と同様である。OPS200のビームスプリッタBS2と凹面ミラー201~204とのそれぞれの役割は、OPS100の対応する要素と同様である。
図18は、OPSの段数を変えた場合に出力されるパルスレーザ光の波形の例を示すグラフである。横軸は時間を表し、縦軸はインテンシティを表す。図18には、OPSを1段配置した構成(周回距離が7m)から出力されるパルスレーザ光の波形PWS1と、OPSを2段配置した構成(周回距離が7m+14m)から出力されるパルスレーザ光の波形PWS2と、OPSを3段配置した構成(周回距離が7m+14m+21m)から出力されるパルスレーザ光の波形PWS3とが示されている。また、図18には、参考のために、OPSなしの比較例に係るエキシマレーザ装置10から出力されたパルスレーザ光の波形PW0も合わせて表示した。
実施形態2に係るガラスの加工方法によれば、実施形態1よりもさらにパルス幅を伸長することが可能であり、パルス立ち上がりから5ns以降400nsまでのエネルギの比率を高めることができるため、加工レートが一層向上する。
6.1 構成
図20は、実施形態3に係るレーザ装置10Cの構成を概略的に示す。図20に示す構成について、図3と異なる点を説明する。図3ではパルスレーザ光を出力するレーザ装置としてエキシマレーザ装置10Aを例示したが、図20に示す実施形態3では、エキシマレーザ装置10Aに代えて、固体レーザの第4高調波光を出力するレーザ装置10Cが用いられる。
固体レーザ装置12Cから出力されたパルスレーザ光は、波長変換部13で1030nmの第4高調波の波長257.5nm、又は1064nmの第4高調波の波長266nmのパルスレーザ光に変換される。
実施形態3に係るレーザ装置10Cによれば、KrFエキシマレーザ装置の発振波長である248nmと概ね同等の紫外波長である257.5nm又は266nmのパルスレーザ光が得られるため、実施形態1と同等の効果が得られる。
7.1 構成
図21は、実施形態4に係るレーザシステム10Dの構成を概略的に示す。図21に示す構成について、図3と異なる点を説明する。図3ではパルスレーザ光を出力するレーザ装置としてエキシマレーザ装置10Aを例示したが、図21に示す実施形態4では、エキシマレーザ装置10Aに代えて、複数のレーザ発振器41、42、43を含むレーザシステム10Dが用いられる。なお、図21では、3台のレーザ発振器41、42、43を備える形態を例示するが、レーザ発振器の台数は3台に限らず、2台以上の適宜の台数を備える構成を採用し得る。
図22は、レーザシステム10Dの動作の例を示すフローチャートである。ステップS11において、レーザ制御部20Dは、複数のレーザ発振器41、42、43のそれぞれから出力されるパルスレーザ光の遅延時間を設定し、遅延回路50に送信する。第1のパルスレーザ光PL1の遅延時間(第1の遅延時間)をTd1、第2のパルスレーザ光PL2の遅延時間(第2の遅延時間)をTd2、第3のパルスレーザ光PL3の遅延時間(第3の遅延時間)をTd3とすると、レーザ制御部20Dは、例えば、Td1=30ns、Td2=50ns、Td3=70nsのように設定する。
Td3<(Td2+Du2)
このように、連続する複数のパルスにおいて、後続パルスが先行パルスの一部と重なることにより、これら複数のパルスが合成された合成波形の全体でTd3+Du3-Td1のパルス持続時間を持つ合成パルスレーザ光を生成し得る。既述した図6~図12の内容によれば、合成パルスレーザ光のTISが62ns以上であることが好ましい。また、Du1>5nsを満たし、かつTd2-Td1>5nsを満たすことが好ましい。
実施形態4に係るレーザシステム10Dによれば、複数のレーザ発振器41、42、43から出力される複数のパルスレーザ光を合成することにより、パルスの立ち上がりから5ns以降400nsまでのエネルギの比率が91%以上99%以下の合成パルスレーザ光を得ることができ、実施形態1~3と同等の効果が得られる。
実施形態1~4で説明したように、パルスレーザ光のTISについて好ましい範囲は、62ns以上259ns以下であり、さらに好ましい範囲は62ns以上155ns以下であり、さらに好ましくは62ns以上74ns以下である。
波長248nmから266nmの範囲のパルスレーザ光について、上述のとおりパルスの立ち上がりから5ns以降400nsまでのエネルギの比率を91%以上にすることで加工レートの向上が確認された。
レーザ制御部20、20Dは、1つ以上のプロセッサを用いて実現することが可能である。プロセッサとは、制御プログラムが記憶された記憶装置と、制御プログラムを実行するCPU(Central Processing Unit)とを含む処理装置である。プロセッサは本開示に含まれる各種処理を実行するために特別に構成又はプログラムされている。
上記の説明は、制限ではなく単なる例示を意図している。したがって、特許請求の範囲を逸脱することなく本開示の実施形態に変更を加えることができることは、当業者には明らかである。また、本開示の実施形態を組み合わせて使用することも当業者には明らかである。
Claims (20)
- レーザ発振器を用いてパルスレーザ光を生成し、前記パルスレーザ光を加工対象の無アルカリガラスに照射することを含み、
前記パルスレーザ光の波長は、248nmから266nmの範囲内であり、
前記パルスレーザ光は、パルスの立ち上がりから5ns以降400nsまでのエネルギの比率が91%以上99%以下である、
ガラスの加工方法。 - 請求項1に記載のガラスの加工方法であって、
前記レーザ発振器は、KrFエキシマレーザ装置である、
ガラスの加工方法。 - 請求項1に記載のガラスの加工方法であって、
前記レーザ発振器は、
波長が1030nm又は1064nmのレーザ光を出力する固体レーザ装置と、
前記レーザ光の第4高調波を発生させる波長変換部と、を含む、
ガラスの加工方法。 - 請求項3に記載のガラスの加工方法であって、
前記波長変換部は、
2つの第2高調波発生結晶又は1つの第4高調波発生結晶を含む、
ガラスの加工方法。 - 請求項1に記載のガラスの加工方法であって、
前記パルスレーザ光の時間波形の時刻tにおける光強度をI(t)とする場合に、
TIS=[∫I(t)dt]2/∫I(t)2dt
で定義されるパルス幅は、62ns以上259ns以下である、
ガラスの加工方法。 - 請求項1に記載のガラスの加工方法であって、
前記パルスレーザ光の立ち上がりから5ns以降400nsまでのエネルギの比率が91%以上95%以下である、
ガラスの加工方法。 - 請求項1に記載のガラスの加工方法であって、
前記無アルカリガラスに前記パルスレーザ光を複数回照射することにより、前記無アルカリガラスに貫通穴を加工する、
ガラスの加工方法。 - レーザ発振器を用いて波長が248nmから266nmの範囲内である第1のパルスレーザ光を生成し、
前記第1のパルスレーザ光の光路上に配置された光パルスストレッチャを用いて前記第1のパルスレーザ光のパルス幅を伸長することにより、パルスの立ち上がりから5ns以降400nsまでのエネルギの比率が91%以上99%以下である第2のパルスレーザ光を生成し、
前記第2のパルスレーザ光を、加工対象の無アルカリガラスに照射することを含む、
ガラスの加工方法。 - 請求項8に記載のガラスの加工方法であって、
前記光パルスストレッチャは、ビームスプリッタと複数の凹面ミラーとを含む、
ガラスの加工方法。 - 請求項8に記載のガラスの加工方法であって、
前記光パルスストレッチャが2段以上配置される、
ガラスの加工方法。 - 請求項8に記載のガラスの加工方法であって、
前記第2のパルスレーザ光は、前記第1のパルスレーザ光の一部が前記光パルスストレッチャの遅延光路を周回せずに前記光パルスストレッチャを通過した非周回光のパルスと、前記第1のパルスレーザ光の他の一部が前記遅延光路を1周回以上周回して前記光パルスストレッチャから出力された周回光のパルスとが連続して連なるように合成されたパルス波形を有し、
前記周回光のパルスは、先行するパルスの一部と重なり合っている、
ガラスの加工方法。 - 複数のレーザ発振器を用いて波長が248nmから266nmの範囲内の複数のパルスレーザ光を異なるタイミングで生成し、
前記複数のパルスレーザ光の光路軸を平行にする伝搬光学系を用いて前記複数のパルスレーザ光を合成することにより、パルスの立ち上がりから5ns以降400nsまでのエネルギの比率が91%以上99%以下である合成パルスレーザ光を生成し、
前記合成パルスレーザ光を、加工対象の物としての無アルカリガラスに照射することを含む、
ガラスの加工方法。 - 請求項12に記載のガラスの加工方法であって、
前記レーザ発振器は、KrFエキシマレーザ装置である、
ガラスの加工方法。 - 請求項12に記載のガラスの加工方法であって、
前記レーザ発振器は、
波長が1030nm又は1064nmのレーザ光を出力する固体レーザ装置と、
前記レーザ光の第4高調波を発生させる波長変換部と、を含む、
ガラスの加工方法。 - 請求項14に記載のガラスの加工方法であって、
前記波長変換部は、
2つの第2高調波発生結晶又は1つの第4高調波発生結晶を含む、
ガラスの加工方法。 - 請求項12に記載のガラスの加工方法であって、
前記合成パルスレーザ光の時間波形の時刻tにおける光強度をI(t)とする場合に、
TIS=[∫I(t)dt]2/∫I(t)2dt
で定義されるパルス幅は、62ns以上259ns以下である、
ガラスの加工方法。 - 請求項12に記載のガラスの加工方法であって、
前記複数のパルスレーザ光の発光タイミングの時間差を示す遅延時間を設定し、前記複数のレーザ発振器に発光トリガ信号を送信するタイミングを設定するプロセッサと、
前記プロセッサが設定した前記タイミングで前記複数のレーザ発振器に発光トリガ信号を送信する遅延回路と、
を用いて、前記複数のパルスレーザ光を異なるタイミングで生成する、
ガラスの加工方法。 - 請求項12に記載のガラスの加工方法であって、
前記複数のレーザ発振器は、第1のレーザ発振器と、第2のレーザ発振器と、第3のレーザ発振器と、を含み、
前記複数のパルスレーザ光は、前記第1のレーザ発振器から出力される第1のパルスと、前記第2のレーザ発振器から出力される第2のパルスと、前記第3のレーザ発振器から出力される第3のパルスと、を含み、
前記伝搬光学系は、前記第1のレーザ発振器から出力された前記第1のパルスの光路軸が前記第2のパルスの光路軸と平行になるように前記第1のパルスを反射する第1のミラー及び第1のナイフエッジミラーを含み、さらに、
前記第3のレーザ発振器から出力された前記第3のパルスの光路軸が前記第2のパルスの光路軸と平行になるように前記第3のパルスを反射する第2のミラー及び第2のナイフエッジミラーを含む、
ガラスの加工方法。 - 請求項12に記載のガラスの加工方法であって、
前記無アルカリガラスに前記合成パルスレーザ光を複数回照射することにより、前記無アルカリガラスに貫通穴を加工する、
ガラスの加工方法。 - 請求項12に記載のガラスの加工方法であって、
前記合成パルスレーザ光は、前記複数のパルスレーザ光の各パルスが連続して連なるように合成されたパルス波形を有し、
前記複数のパルスレーザ光は、連続するパルス同士の一部が重なり合っている、
ガラスの加工方法。
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