WO2022077693A1 - 负荷预测模型的训练方法及训练装置、存储介质、设备 - Google Patents
负荷预测模型的训练方法及训练装置、存储介质、设备 Download PDFInfo
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- the invention belongs to the technical field of battery management, and in particular, relates to a training method and a prediction device for a load prediction model of an electric vehicle charging station, a computer-readable storage medium, and computer equipment.
- the existing traditional technical solutions such as the autoregressive moving average model and the autoregressive integral moving average model do not have the ability to extract nonlinear features.
- the shallow neural network has the problems of model overfitting, sensitivity to random initialization weights, and easy convergence to the local optimum. Therefore, the prediction results are often inaccurate and the error is too large.
- Deep reinforcement learning is a subfield of machine learning, a method that combines deep learning with reinforcement learning, and has a wide range of applications. Deep reinforcement learning combines the ability of deep learning to extract hidden features of nonlinear data and the decision-making ability of reinforcement learning, and has the advantages of both.
- the technical problem solved by the present invention is: how to consider multiple external factors in the model training process to improve the model prediction accuracy.
- a training method for a load prediction model of an electric vehicle charging station comprising:
- the weight data sets of the load prediction model to be trained are trained by using multiple sets of the predicted load data and the real load data.
- the training method further includes:
- Phase space reconstruction is performed on the multiple types of the historical load state data to generate multiple types of reconstructed variable data and reconstructed real load data.
- the method of using a preset model to sequentially predict each type of historical variable data at each moment individually to generate multiple sets of predicted load data includes:
- Each type of reconstructed variable data at each moment is input into the cyclic gate unit network model in turn, and the cyclic gate unit network model outputs multiple sets of predicted load data.
- the reinforcement learning method is a Q-learning method
- the method for training the weight data groups of the load prediction model to be trained by using multiple sets of the predicted load data and the real load data includes:
- the state matrix executes the action matrix according to the preset strategy to update the weight data set
- the calculation formula of the loss function is:
- w 1 , w 2 ... w i are weight data groups to be trained
- X i are multi-class historical variable data
- f(X 1 ), f(X 2 )...f(X i ) are multiple Group predicted load data
- Y is the real load data
- N is the number of groups of historical variable data.
- the invention also discloses a training device for a load prediction model of an electric vehicle charging station, the training device comprising:
- an acquisition module used for acquiring historical load status data of the charging station at several moments, the historical load status data at each moment including multiple types of historical variable data and corresponding real load data;
- the forecasting module is used to make separate forecasts for each type of historical variable data at each moment in turn to generate multiple sets of forecasted load data;
- the training module is used for training the weight data groups of the load prediction model to be trained according to the reinforcement learning method and using multiple sets of the predicted load data and the real load data.
- the training device further comprises:
- the data reconstruction module is used for performing phase space reconstruction on the multiple types of the historical load state data to generate multiple types of reconstructed variable data and reconstructed real load data.
- the training module includes:
- an initialization unit configured to construct and initialize a state matrix and an action matrix, wherein the state matrix is composed of the weight data group to be trained, and the action matrix is composed of the variation of the weight;
- an execution unit used to make the state matrix execute the action matrix according to the preset strategy to update the weight data group
- a calculation unit configured to calculate a loss function according to the updated weight data group, multiple groups of predicted load data and the reconstructed real load data, and calculate a reward factor according to the loss function
- an update unit configured to update the state matrix and the action matrix according to the reward factor.
- the invention also discloses a computer-readable storage medium storing a training program for a load prediction model of an electric vehicle charging station, and the training program for a load prediction model of an electric vehicle charging station When executed by a processor, the above-described training method for a load prediction model for an electric vehicle charging station is implemented.
- the invention also discloses a computer device, the computer device comprises a computer-readable storage medium, a processor and a training program for a load prediction model of an electric vehicle charging station stored in the computer-readable storage medium, When the training program for the load prediction model for the electric vehicle charging station is executed by the processor, the above-mentioned training method for the load prediction model for the electric vehicle charging station is implemented.
- the training method for the load prediction model of the electric vehicle charging station disclosed in the present invention solves the problem that the prediction result is inaccurate because some methods do not consider various factors by using various historical variable data.
- the phase space reconstruction technique is used to extract more useful information from the input data, which improves the computational performance of the model.
- the GRU neural network is also used to predict the input data, which solves the problems of traditional LSTM with many parameters and slow calculation speed.
- the Q-learning algorithm using the ⁇ -greedy strategy is used to train the combined weights of the prediction results of the model, which improves the prediction accuracy of the model.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a training method for a charging station load prediction model according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is another flowchart of the training method of the charging station load prediction model according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a GRU model according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- Embodiment 4 is a Q-learning training flow chart of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a training device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a training module according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an overall training process of the training device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the electric vehicle charging station load has a strong correlation with external factors, and there are various external factors, but the existing method only considers a single external factor
- This application first obtains multiple types of historical variable data, that is, a variety of external factors, and predicts each historical variable data separately, and then uses the reinforcement learning method to train to obtain the best weight combination. The influence of various variables can improve the prediction accuracy of the model.
- the training method for a load prediction model of an electric vehicle charging station includes the following steps:
- Step S10 obtaining historical load status data of the charging station at several moments, the historical load status data at each moment including multiple types of historical variable data and corresponding real load data;
- Step S20 using the preset model to perform separate prediction on each type of historical variable data at each moment in turn to generate multiple sets of predicted load data;
- Step S30 According to the reinforcement learning method, training is performed on the weight data sets of the load prediction model to be trained by using multiple sets of the predicted load data and the real load data.
- step S10 collect external factor data for 90 consecutive days and collect the charging data of all charging piles in the charging station, that is, external factor data and charging data are taken together as historical variable data, wherein historical variable data includes weather information, External data such as time-of-day information, holiday information, real-time prices and traffic flow, and charging station data including charge volume, charge duration, and charge power.
- historical variable data includes weather information
- External data such as time-of-day information, holiday information, real-time prices and traffic flow
- charging station data including charge volume, charge duration, and charge power.
- the real load data in the first embodiment refers to the superimposed load of all the charging piles of the charging station, that is, the load data of the charging station for a whole day.
- Select the historical variable data of the previous 90 days as the input X, and the input X can be expanded in the time dimension.
- step S11 is further included: preprocessing the historical load state data.
- the historical variable data is divided into a training set and a test set, the training set is used to train model parameters, and the test set is used to test the accuracy of the model; the reason for abnormal data is that due to some interference factors, the data is missing or wrong , the processing method is: for the missing data, if the time interval before and after is less than or equal to the set threshold, the mean value of the data before and after is used to make up; if the time interval before and after is greater than the set threshold, the previous data is used to replace it.
- the data of the same date type should be used; if a certain type of data is Null, delete the data in the column or complete it with 0; If the variation range of the data is greater than a certain threshold, the average value of the before and after values is taken instead; finally, the input data is normalized.
- x is the historical variable data before normalization
- x' represents the normalized historical variable data
- step S12 is further included: performing phase space reconstruction on the preprocessed historical variable data.
- input multiple sequences X [x 1 , x 2 ,...,x N ], where N is the number of elements in the input sequence.
- Input variables can include weather information, time period information, holiday information, real-time price, traffic flow, charging amount, charging time, charging power, etc.
- the phase space is reconstructed using the delay sequence, and each column in the phase space X has a phase point X t .
- the delay time ⁇ and the embedding dimension m are determined using the C-C method.
- the associated integral is defined as:
- the delay time is ⁇
- the serial correlation of the time series is expressed as:
- the correlation interval difference is expressed as:
- ⁇ S(m, ⁇ ) max ⁇ S(m,r j , ⁇ ) ⁇ -min ⁇ S(m,r j , ⁇ ) ⁇
- the cyclic gate unit network model (GRU) is used to independently predict each type of historical variable data, that is, what is the corresponding power station load state data when only one variable is considered.
- the predicted load data corresponding to each variable is f is the GRU model function, a total of i historical variable data are input, the GRU model independently predicts each historical variable data, and the prediction result after weight combination is expressed as w 1 , w 2 ... w i are weight data groups to be trained, X 1 , X 2 ... X i are multi-class historical variable data, f(X 1 ), f(X 2 )...f(X i ) are multiple Group forecast load data.
- GRU Gate Recurrent Unit
- LSTM Long Short Term Memory
- the GRU model consists of an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer, where the hidden layer consists of a reset gate r t and an update gate z t . Both gates depend on the previous hidden state ht -1 and the current input xt .
- the reset gate rt determines the new hidden state obtained after using the filtered information and the current input x t How many previous hidden states h t-1 have been filtered before.
- the update gate zt controls the previous hidden state ht -1 and the next hidden state , so as to ensure that valid information can flow to the next GRU unit, and each sequence constructed is input into the GRU network to obtain the desired prediction result.
- the activation functions in the hidden layer of the GRU network include the sigmoid function and the tanh function, whose expressions are:
- the GRU processing formula is as follows:
- W z is the updated gate weight matrix
- W r is the reset gate weight matrix
- W is the hidden state weight matrix
- the reinforcement learning method is a Q learning method, and a method for training the weight data groups of the load prediction model to be trained by using multiple groups of the predicted load data and the real load data.
- Step S31 Construct and initialize a state matrix and an action matrix, wherein the state matrix S is composed of the weight data set to be trained, and the action matrix a is composed of the variation of the weight.
- the state matrix S is the horizontal row of the Q table, and the action matrix a is the vertical column of the Q table.
- Step S32 The state matrix S executes the action matrix a according to the preset strategy to update the weight data set.
- the ⁇ -greedy strategy is used:
- ⁇ is a random value in the range (0, 1). Exploration with the probability of ⁇ (Exploration) is to randomly select the action a, and with the probability of 1- ⁇ (Exploitation) to select the action a with the largest Q value.
- Step S33 Calculate a loss function according to the updated weight data set, multiple sets of predicted load data and real load data, and calculate a reward factor according to the loss function.
- w 1 , w 2 ... w i are weight data groups to be trained
- X 1 , X 2 ... X i are multi-class historical variable data
- f(X 1 ), f(X 2 )...f(X i ) are multiple Group predicted load data
- Y is the real load data
- N is the number of groups of historical variable data, that is, N groups data.
- Step S34 Update the state matrix and the action matrix according to the reward factor
- the agent After the agent performs action a, it calculates the loss function L, calculates and obtains the reward factor R, calculates the Q value and updates the Q table and state S.
- ⁇ is the learning rate and ⁇ is the discount factor. The larger the learning rate, the less effective it is to retain previous training.
- test data is input into the trained model for prediction, and the final prediction result is obtained, and then inverse normalization is performed, that is, the load of the charging station in the future is obtained.
- the test data also needs to be reconstructed in phase space.
- the training method of the load forecasting model disclosed in the first embodiment solves the problem of inaccurate forecasting results caused by some methods failing to consider various factors by using various historical variable data.
- the phase space reconstruction technique is used to extract more useful information from the input data, which improves the computational performance of the model.
- the GRU neural network is also used to predict the input data, which solves the problems of traditional LSTM with many parameters and slow calculation speed.
- the Q-learning algorithm using the ⁇ -greedy strategy is used to train the combined weights of the prediction results of the model, which improves the prediction accuracy of the model.
- a training device for a load prediction model of an electric vehicle charging station includes an acquisition module 100 , a prediction module 200 , and a training module 300 .
- the acquisition module 100 is used to acquire historical load status data of the charging station at several moments, and the historical load status data at each moment includes multiple types of historical variable data and corresponding real load data;
- the prediction module 200 is used for sequentially Each type of historical variable data is independently predicted to generate multiple sets of predicted load data;
- the training module 300 is used for the weight of the load prediction model to be trained by using multiple sets of the predicted load data and the real load data according to the reinforcement learning method data set for training.
- the training device further includes a data reconstruction module 500, and the data reconstruction module 500 is configured to perform phase space reconstruction on the multiple types of the historical variable data to generate multiple types of reconstructed variable data.
- the data reconstruction module 500 is configured to perform phase space reconstruction on the multiple types of the historical variable data to generate multiple types of reconstructed variable data.
- the training module 400 includes an initialization unit 401 , an execution unit 402 , a calculation unit 403 and an update unit 404 .
- the initialization unit 401 is used to construct and initialize the state matrix and the action matrix, wherein the state matrix is composed of the weight data group to be trained, and the action matrix is composed of the variation of the weight;
- the execution unit 402 is used to make the state matrix according to The preset strategy execution action matrix is used to update the weight data group;
- the calculation unit 403 is configured to calculate a loss function according to the updated weight data group, multiple groups of predicted load data and real load data, and calculate the reward factor according to the loss function; update
- update The unit 404 is configured to update the state matrix and the action matrix according to the reward factor.
- Embodiment 1 For the specific training process of the training module 400, refer to Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.
- the overall training process of the training device for the load prediction model of the second embodiment is shown in FIG. 7 .
- the present application also discloses a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores a training program for a load prediction model of an electric vehicle charging station, and the training program for a load prediction model of an electric vehicle charging station When executed by a processor, the above-described training method for a load prediction model for an electric vehicle charging station is implemented.
- the present application also discloses a computer device.
- the terminal includes a processor 12 , an internal bus 13 , a network interface 14 , and a computer-readable storage medium 11 .
- the processor 12 reads the corresponding computer program from the computer-readable storage medium and then executes it, forming a request processing device on a logical level.
- the computer-readable storage medium 11 stores a training program for a load prediction model of an electric vehicle charging station.
- Computer-readable storage media includes both persistent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and storage of information can be implemented by any method or technology.
- Information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data.
- Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), Flash Memory or other memory technology, Compact Disc Read Only Memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) or other optical storage , magnetic cassettes, disk storage, quantum memory, graphene-based storage media or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by computing devices.
- PRAM phase-change memory
- SRAM static random access memory
- DRAM dynamic random access memory
- RAM random access memory
- ROM read-only memory Memory
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 一种用于电动汽车充电站的负荷预测模型的训练方法,其特征在于,所述训练方法包括:获取充电站若干时刻的历史负荷状态数据,每一时刻的所述历史负荷状态数据包括多类历史变量数据以及相应的真实负荷数据;利用预设模型依次对每一时刻的每一类历史变量数据进行单独预测,以生成多组预测负荷数据;根据强化学习方法,并利用多组所述预测负荷数据和所述真实负荷数据对待训练的负荷预测模型的权重数据组进行训练。
- 根据权利要求1所述的用于电动汽车充电站的负荷预测模型的训练方法,其特征在于,获取所述充电站的历史负荷状态数据之后,所述训练方法还包括:对多类所述历史负荷状态数据进行相空间重构,以生成多类重构变量数据和重构后的真实负荷数据。
- 根据权利要求2所述的用于电动汽车充电站的负荷预测模型的训练方法,其特征在于,利用预设模型依次对每一时刻的每一类历史变量数据进行单独预测,以生成多组预测负荷数据的方法包括:将每一时刻的每一类重构变量数据依次输入到循环门单元网络模型,循环门单元网络模型输出多组预测负荷数据。
- 根据权利要求1所述的用于电动汽车充电站的负荷预测模型的训练方法,其特征在于,所述强化学习方法为Q学习方法,利用多组所述预测负荷数据和所述真实负荷数据对待训练的负荷预测模型的权重数据组进行训练的方法包括:构建并初始化状态矩阵和动作矩阵,其中所述状态矩阵由待训练的权重数据组构成,所述动作矩阵由权重的变化量构成;状态矩阵按照预设策略执行动作矩阵,以更新权重数据组;根据更新后的权重数据组、多组预测负荷数据和重构后的真实负荷数据计算损失函数,并根据所述损失函数计算奖励因子;根据所述奖励因子更新状态矩阵和动作矩阵;重复上述步骤直至满足迭代条件。
- 一种用于电动汽车充电站的负荷预测模型的训练装置,其特征在于,所述训练装置包括:获取模块,用于获取充电站若干时刻的历史负荷状态数据,每一时刻的所述历史负荷状态数据包括多类历史变量数据以及相应的真实负荷数据;预测模块,用于依次对每一时刻的每一类历史变量数据进行单独预测,以生成多组预测负荷数据;训练模块,用于根据强化学习方法,并利用多组所述预测负荷数据和所述真实负荷数据对待训练的负荷预测模型的权重数据组进行训练。
- 根据权利要求6所述的用于电动汽车充电站的负荷预测模型的训练装置,其特征在于,所述训练装置还包括:数据重构模块,用于对多类所述历史负荷状态数据进行相空间重构,以生成多类重构变量数据和重构后的真实负荷数据。
- 根据权利要求6所述的用于电动汽车充电站的负荷预测模型的训练装置,其特征在于,所述训练模块包括:初始化单元,用于构建并初始化状态矩阵和动作矩阵,其中所述状态矩阵由待训练的权重数据组构成,所述动作矩阵由权重的变化量构成;执行单元,用于使状态矩阵按照预设策略执行动作矩阵,以更新权重数据组;计算单元,用于根据更新后的权重数据组、多组预测负荷数据和重构后真实负荷数据计算损失函数,并根据所述损失函数计算奖励因子;更新单元,用于根据所述奖励因子更新状态矩阵和动作矩阵。
- 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有用于电动汽车充电站的负荷预测模型的训练程序,所述用于电动汽车充电站的负荷预测模型的训练程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至5任一项所述的用于电动汽车充电站的负荷预测模型的训练方法。
- 一种计算机设备,其特征在于,所述计算机设备包括计算机可读存储介质、处理器和存储在所述计算机可读存储介质中的用于电动汽车充电站的负荷预测模型的训练程序,所述用于电动汽车充电站的负荷预测模型的训练程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至5任一项所述的用于电动汽车充电站的负荷预测模型的训练方法。
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Cited By (58)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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