Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
  • A61K31/4709—Non-condensed quinolines and containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D453/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinuclidine or iso-quinuclidine ring systems, e.g. quinine alkaloids
  • C07D453/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinuclidine or iso-quinuclidine ring systems, e.g. quinine alkaloids containing not further condensed quinuclidine ring systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel 2-(3-pyridin-2-yl-4-quinolin-4-yl-pyrazol-1-yl)- acetamide derivatives as potent inhibitors of transforming growth factor-p receptor I, (also named activin receptor-like kinase 5) (TGF RI)/ALK5.
• TGF RI activin receptor-like kinase 5
• TGFpRI transforming growth factor-p receptor I
• ALK5 transforming growth factor-p receptor I
• respiratory diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, COPD and lung cancer, and dermal and ocular fibrotic conditions.
• TGF-P Transforming growth factor-p
• TGF-p belongs to the TGF-p superfamily, which consists of TGF-pi , TGF-P2, TGF-P3, among other proteins.
• TGF-p is involved in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix production, and immune suppression.
• TGF-p and its receptors are often chronically over expressed in various human diseases, including cancer, inflammation, tissue fibrosis, and autoimmunity. Therefore, blockade of TGF-p signalling pathway is considered an attractive target for drug development. (Heldin C H, et al, Signalling Receptors for TGF-b Family Members, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, 2016).
• TGF-p signals via two related transmembrane type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors.
• the type I receptor also called activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5)
• ALK5 activin receptor-like kinase 5
• Smad2/Smad3 proteins form a heteromeric complex with Smad4, which translocate into the nucleus, assembles with specific DNA-binding cofactors and comodulators, and binds to the promoters of TGF-p target genes involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and extracellular matrix production.
• activin receptor-like kinase 5 - ALK5 (also known as TGFPR1) is the predominant TGFp receptor I that is activated by TGF-p through TGFp receptor II. This interaction requires both extracellular and intracellular domains for signal transduction. ALK5 and TGFp receptor II proteins can also form active heterooligomeric complexes in the absence of ligand. These complexes are able to transduce basal signals when both receptors are co-expressed because of their intrinsic affinity for interaction. (Bierie B et al, TGF-p: the molecular Jekyll and Hyde of cancer, Nature Reviews, Cancer, Volume 6, July 2006).
• TGFpRII-TGFpRI ALK5
• TGF-pi The functional TGFpRII-TGFpRI (ALK5) heteromeric signalling complex is commonly associated with human cancer, and it regulates the activation of downstream Smad- dependent and Smad-independent pathways.
• ALK5 The functional TGFpRII-TGFpRI (ALK5) heteromeric signalling complex is commonly associated with human cancer, and it regulates the activation of downstream Smad- dependent and Smad-independent pathways.
• TGF-pi has been associated with breast, colon, oesophageal, gastric, hepatocellular, lung and pancreatic cancer.
• the overexpression of TGF-p in human cancer correlates with tumour progression, metastasis, angiogenesis and poor prognostic outcome.
• TGF-P transforming growth factor
• Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive lung disease, in which repeated wound and repair processes lead to irreversible structural alterations and tissue stiffening. Pathophysiological steps include alveolar epithelial damage by extrinsic irritants, fibroblast activation and persistent fibrotic reaction. Differentiation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is a key step in the development of tissue fibrosis. TGF-p is the most potent factor for the induction of myofibroblast differentiation and increased expression of this factor has been reported in fibrotic lungs. The major cellular sources of TGF-p in pulmonary fibrosis have been shown to be alveolar macrophages and metaplastic type II alveolar epithelial cells.
• TGF-p induces molecules regulators of small GTPases and promotes lung fibrosis by suppressing production of anti-fibrotic molecules such as hepatocyte growth factor and prostaglandin E2. Furthermore, TGF-p inhibits alveolar epithelial cell growth and repair, so it is a key player in fibrotic processes, acting on both fibroblasts and alveolar epithelial cells (Saito A. et al, TGF-p Signaling in Lung Health and Disease, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2460).
• Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations are commonly associated with viral infection.
• the ensuing airway inflammation is resistant to the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids (GCs).
• GCs glucocorticoids
• Viral infection elicits transforming growth factor-p (TGF-P) activity, a growth factor impairing GO action in human airway epithelial cells through the activation of activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5).
• a study examined the contribution of TGF-p activity to the GC-resistance caused by viral infection, demonstrating that GC impairment was attenuated by the selective ALK5/TGFPRI inhibitor, SB431542, and prevented by the therapeutic agent, tranilast, which reduced TGF-p activity associated with viral infection.
• asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness mediated by T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells and several cytokines and interleukins. These cytokines cause chronic inflammation, pulmonary eosinophilia, mucus cell hyperplasia, smooth muscle contraction and airway remodelling. In addition to Th2 cells, Th17 cells that secrete IL-17A and IL-17F also participate in the development of allergic airway inflammation.
• Th2 T-helper type 2
• Th17 cells that secrete IL-17A and IL-17F also participate in the development of allergic airway inflammation.
• TGF-p signaling in the pathogenesis of asthma has been illustrated by genome-wide association studies. It has been demonstrated that TGF-p concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is elevated in atopic asthma and TGF-p expression is increased in bronchial specimens of asthmatic patients.
• TGF-p The pathological role of TGF-p in asthma is not restricted to airway remodelling, and its effect on the immune response is thought to be more important than previously recognized. (Saito A. et al, TGF-p Signalling in Lung Health and Disease, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2460).
• TGF-pi or pan-specific antibodies indicate that TGF-p is increased and associated predominantly with submucosal and inflammatory cells, including fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, eosinophils, macrophages and the connective tissue of the airway, with variable expression in epithelial cells.
• Increased expression of TGF-p in the asthmatic airway has been attributed predominantly to increases in the number of eosinophils and macrophages.
• COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Non-small cell lung cancer comprises the majority of lung cancers, which include the histological subtypes of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
• Higher TGF-p expression levels are associated with lymph node metastasis and tumour angiogenesis in NSCLC and tumour cells established from NSCLC express TGF-p ligands. It is widely believed that TGF-p plays dual roles during tumour progression, suppressing epithelial cell proliferation and acting as a tumour suppressor in the early stage of tumorigenesis; loss-of-function mutations in TGF-p signalling components have been identified in several cancer types.
• TGF-p facilitates invasion and metastatic spread through reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and the tumour stromal microenvironment.
• TGF-p orchestrates the development of tumour stroma and promotes angiogenesis, immune evasion, and remodelling.
• the stromal reaction presumably mediated by TGF-p is associated with poor prognosis in resected lung adenocarcinomas (Saito A et al, TGF-/3 Signalling in Lung Health and Disease, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2460).
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus is the causative agent of SARS outbreak in 2003.
• SARS-CoV infection induces severe respiratory illnesses, such as bronchial epithelial denudation, loss of cilia, multinucleated syncytial cells, squamous metaplasia and transendothelial migration of monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils into lung tissue.
• SARS-CoV triggers a pro- inflammatory cytokine storm that links with pulmonary fibrosis of SARS patients. Near 20% of SARS patients recovered still have lung fibrosis 9 months post infection.
• SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) papain-like protease (PLpro) has been identified in TGF-pi up-regulation in human promonocytes SARS-CoV PLpro inducing TGF-p 1 mediated pro-fibrotic responses in human lung epithelial cells and mouse lung tissues, according with the previous report in that PLpro up-regulated TGF-p 1 and its associated genes such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. Except SARS-CoV nucleocapsid, PLpro was identified to generate the TGF-p 1 production that linked to activate the pro-fibrotic responses.
• SARS-CoV SARS coronavirus
• TGF-p 1 could be associated with the induction of lung fibrosis. Therefore, SARS-CoV PLpro plays an important role in the TGF-p 1 -mediated pulmonary fibrosis of SARS pathogenesis.
• SARS-CoV PLpro plays an important role in the TGF-p 1 -mediated pulmonary fibrosis of SARS pathogenesis.
• Antifibrotic therapies that are available or in development could have value in preventing severe other coronavirus infections, like COVID-19, in patients with IPF, and might have a role in preventing fibrosis after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, it is possible that antifibrotic therapies developed for chronic fibrotic lung diseases using bleomycin models might actually be beneficial in COVID-19, both in the acute phase of the illness and in preventing long-term complications.
• Antifibrotic therapies developed for chronic fibrotic lung diseases using bleomycin models might actually be beneficial in COVID-19, both in the acute phase of the illness and in preventing long-term complications.
• TGF-p pathway A major target for antifibrotic therapies is the TGF-p pathway.
• drugs in development that target various molecules in this pathway including those against avp6 integrin (BG00011 [Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA]; PLN-74809 [Pliant Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA]) and galectins (TD139 [Galecto Biotech, Copenhagen, Denmark]).
• BG00011 Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
• PLN-74809 Pliant Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
• galectins TD139 [Galecto Biotech, Copenhagen, Denmark]
• TGF-P Transforming growth factor-p
• POAG primary open-angle glaucoma
• TGF-p has been implicated in the pathogenesis of POAG, and potential areas for TGF-p targeting include production, activation, downstream signalling and local regulation. Elevated levels of TGF-p are found in the aqueous humour and in reactive optic nerve astrocytes in patients with glaucoma. Although recent research has revealed many unknowns, a deeper understanding of TGF-P’s cellular signalling pathways is necessary for designing potential TGF-p intervention strategies. (Wang, J. et al, Targeting Transforming Growth Factor-b Signalling in Primary Open- Angle Glaucoma, J Glaucoma 2017;26:390-395).
• Eye diseases associated with a fibroprol iterative condition include retinal reattachment surgery accompanying proliferative vitreoretinopathy, cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation, and post-glaucoma drainage surgery are associated with TGF-pi overproduction.
• TGF-p signalling pathway transforming growth factor-p receptor l/activin-like kinase 5
• the present invention refers to ester derivatives conveniently substituted of formula (I): wherein:
• R 1 represents a group selected from: a) phenyl ring unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen atom, linear or branched C1-C3 haloalkyl, linear or branched C1-C3 alkyl, linear or branched C1-C3 alkoxy, cyano group and hydroxy group, b) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ring unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen atom, linear or branched C1-C3 haloalkyl, linear or branched C1-C3 alkyl, linear or branched C1-C3 alkoxy, cyano group and hydroxy group,
• R 2 is a group selected from: a) hydrogen atom, b) linear or branched C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted by 1 , 2 or 3 halogen atoms,
• R 3 represents a group selected from: a) hydrogen atom, b) linear or branched C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted by 1 , 2 or 3 halogen atoms, c) halogen atom,
• R 4 and R 5 represent independently a group selected from: a) hydrogen atom, b) linear or branched C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted by 1 , 2 or 3 halogen atoms, c) halogen atom,
• - n is an integer from 0 to 3
• R 6 represents a group selected from the group consisting of: a) -N(R 7 )(R 8 ), wherein R 7 and R 8 represent independently a linear or branched Ci- Ce alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, and b) saturated 4- to 10-membered, monocyclic or bicyclic, nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl optionally comprising another heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen, said heterocyclyl being optionally substituted by a group selected from C1-C3 alkyl group, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• the present invention relates to processes for the preparation of the compounds of aspect 1.
• the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of aspect 1 and a pharmaceutical acceptable diluent or carrier.
• compositions according to the third aspect described above which further comprise a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic agent selected from agent useful for the treatment of respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension and lung cancer; fibrotic skin diseases, such as scleroderma, nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, mixed connective tissue disease, scleromyxedema, scleroderma, and eosinophilic fasciitis; fibrotic eye diseases such as dry eyes, age- related macular degeneration, scarring in the cornea and conjunctiva, post-cataract fibrosis, proliferative vitreoretinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
• respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension and lung cancer
• the present invention relates to the use of the compound of aspect 1 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease or pathological condition that can be ameliorated by inhibition of transforming growth factor-p receptor I (TGF RI)/ALK5, such as respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension and lung cancer; fibrotic skin diseases, such as scleroderma, nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, mixed connective tissue disease, scleromyxedema, scleroderma, and eosinophilic fasciitis; fibrotic eye diseases such as dry eyes, age-related macular degeneration, scarring in the cornea and conjunctiva, post-cataract fibrosis, proliferative vitreoretinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
• TGF RI transforming growth factor-p receptor I
• ALK5 transforming growth
• the present invention relates to methods for the treatment of diseases that can be ameliorated by inhibition of transforming growth factor-p receptor I (TGF RI)/ALK5, such as respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension and lung cancer; fibrotic skin diseases, such as scleroderma, nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, mixed connective tissue disease, scleromyxedema, scleroderma, and eosinophilic fasciitis; fibrotic eye diseases such as dry eyes, age-related macular degeneration, scarring in the cornea and conjunctiva, post-cataract fibrosis, proliferative vitreoretinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
• respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary
• the present invention relates to a combination product of the compound of the first aspect described above with one more therapeutic agent known to be useful in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension and lung cancer; fibrotic skin diseases, such as scleroderma, nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, mixed connective tissue disease, scleromyxedema, scleroderma, and eosinophilic fasciitis; fibrotic eye diseases such as dry eyes, age-related macular degeneration, scarring in the cornea and conjunctiva, post-cataract fibrosis, proliferative vitreoretinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
• respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension and lung cancer;
• the present invention relates to the compound of aspect 1 for use as a medicament.
• the present invention relates to the compound of aspect 1 for use in the treatment of a disease or pathological condition that can be ameliorated by inhibition of transforming growth factor-p receptor I (TGFpRI)/ALK5, such as respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension and lung cancer; fibrotic skin diseases, such as scleroderma, nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, mixed connective tissue disease, scleromyxedema, scleroderma, and eosinophilic fasciitis; fibrotic eye diseases such as dry eyes, age-related macular degeneration, scarring in the cornea and conjunctiva, post-cataract fibrosis, proliferative vitreoretinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
• respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome,
• ester derivatives of the present invention are useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases known to be susceptible to amelioration by treatment with inhibitor of transforming growth factor-p receptor I (TGF RI)/ALK5, such as respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension and lung cancer; fibrotic skin diseases, such as scleroderma, nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, mixed connective tissue disease, scleromyxedema, scleroderma, and eosinophilic fasciitis; fibrotic eye diseases such as dry eyes, age-related macular degeneration, scarring in the cornea and conjunctiva, post-cataract fibrosis, proliferative vitreoretinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
• respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial
• the derivatives of the present invention and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and I or salts thereof may be used in a method of treatment of pathological conditions or disease of human body which comprises administering to a subject in need of said treatment, an effective amount of the ester derivatives of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• C a -Cb alkyl includes linear or branched radicals, having from a to b carbon atoms. Preferred radicals include 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of linear or branched alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl and hexyl.
• linear or branched C a -Cb alkoxy is used to designate radicals which contain linear or branched C a -Cb alkyl radicals linked to an oxygen atom (C X H2X+I- O-).
• Preferred alkoxy radicals include for example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i- propoxy.
• the term 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ring is used to designate unsaturated aromatic ring systems having 5 or 6 members in the ring system selected from the group consisting of C, N, O and S wherein at least one of the members is one of N, O, and S.
• Said radicals may optionally be substituted by 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen atom, linear or branched C1-C3 haloalkyl, linear or branched C1-C3 alkyl, linear or branched C1-C3 alkoxy, cyano group and hydroxy group.
• the preferred radicals are optionally substituted pyridinyl, pyrazolyl and thiazolyl ring.
• heteroaryl radical When a heteroaryl radical carries 2 or more substituents, the substituents may be the same or different.
• the term “saturated 4- to 10-membered, monocyclic or bicyclic, nitrogencontaining heterocyclyl” is used to designate ring system which may contain one or two cycles wherein said one or two cycles have in total 4 to 10 members wherein at least one of said members is a nitrogen atom. When the ring system has two cycles each cycle may have from to 3 to 6 members and the two cycles may share one or more bonds.
• One example of a two cycles sharing one bond is 1-azabycyclo[2.2.0]hexane
• an example of two cycles sharing two bonds is 1-azabycyclo[2.2.1]heptane
• an example of two cycles sharing three bonds is 1-azabycyclo[2.2.2]octane.
• monocyclic nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl groups are piperidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, 4- methyl-piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, azetidinyl and aziridinyl.
• Examples of bicyclic nitrogencontaining heterocyclyl groups are 1-azabycyclo[2.2.0]hexanyl, 1- azabycyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl and decahydroquinolinyl.
• Said radicals may optionally be substituted by 1 , 2 or 3 groups selected from linear or branched C1-C3 alkyl and hydroxy group.
• the preferred radicals are optionally substituted piperazinyl, piperidinyl morpholinyl and 1-azabycyclo[2.2.2]octanyl (quinuclidinyl) group.
• halogen atom includes chlorine, fluorine, bromine and iodine atoms, preferably fluorine, chlorine and bromine atoms.
• halo when used as a prefix, has the same meaning.
• haloalkyl means an alkyl substituted by one or more halogen atoms.
• atoms, radicals, chains or cycles present in the general structures of the invention are "optionally substituted". This means that these atoms, radicals, chains or cycles can be either unsubstituted or substituted in any position by one or more, for example 1 , 2, 3 or 4, substituents, whereby the hydrogen atoms bound to the unsubstituted atoms, radicals, chains or cycles are replaced by chemically acceptable atoms, radicals, chains or cycles. When two or more substituents are present, each substituent may be the same or different.
• the term pharmaceutically acceptable salt is used to designate salts with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable acids include both inorganic acids, for example hydrochloric, sulphuric, phosphoric, diphosphoric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic and nitric acid and organic acids, for example citric, fumaric, maleic, malic, mandelic, ascorbic, oxalic, succinic, tartaric, benzoic, acetic, methanesulphonic, ethanesulphonic, benzenesulphonic or p-toluenesulphonic acid.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable bases include alkali metal (e.g. sodium or potassium), alkali earth metal (e.g. calcium or magnesium) hydroxides, and organic bases, for example alkyl amines, arylalkyl amines and heterocyclic amines.
• X' n may be an anion of various mineral acids such as, for example, chloride, bromide, iodide, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, or an anion of an organic acid such as, for example, acetate, maleate, fumarate, citrate, oxalate, succinate, tartrate, malate, mandelate, trifluoroacetate, methanesulfonate and p-toluenesulphonate.
• mineral acids such as, for example, chloride, bromide, iodide, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate
• organic acid such as, for example, acetate, maleate, fumarate, citrate, oxalate, succinate, tartrate, malate, mandelate, trifluoroacetate, methanesulfonate and p-toluenesulphonate.
• X' n is preferably an anion selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, sulphate, nitrate, acetate, maleate, oxalate, succinate or trifluoroacetate. More preferably, X' n is chloride, bromide, trifluoroacetate or methanesulfonate.
• R 1 represents a phenyl ring unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 halogen atoms. In a preferred embodiment, R 1 represents a phenyl ring substituted by 1 or 2 halogen atoms. In a more preferred embodiment, R 1 represents a phenyl ring substituted by one halogen atom.
• R 2 represents a hydrogen atom.
• R 3 represents a group selected from a hydrogen atom and linear or branched C1-C3 alkyl unsubstituted. In a preferred embodiment, R 3 represents a methyl group.
• R 4 represents a hydrogen atom.
• R 5 represents a hydrogen atom.
• n is an integer from 0 to 2. In a preferred embodiment, n is an integer from 1 to 2.
• R 6 represents a -N(R 7 )(R 8 ) group, wherein R 7 and R 8 represent independently a group selected from linear C1-C3 alkyl group and hydrogen atom.
• R 6 represents a saturated 4- to 6-membered, monocyclic, nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl comprising a nitrogen atom attached to the -(CH2)n- group and optionally one further nitrogen atom which may be substituted by a methyl group.
• R 6 represents a saturated 6-membered heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms, optionally substituted by a methyl group.
• R 6 represents a group selected from piperazinyl and piperidinyl group.
• R 6 represents 1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl group.
• R 2 , R 4 and R 5 represent hydrogen atom.
• n is an integer from 1 to 2 and R 6 represents a -N(R 7 )(R 8 ) group, preferably wherein R 7 and R 8 represent independently a group selected from linear C1-C3 alkyl group and hydrogen atom.
• R 2 , R 4 and R 5 represent hydrogen atom
• R 3 represents linear C1-C3 alkyl
• R 1 represents a phenyl ring substituted by 1 or 2 halogen atoms
• n is an integer from 0 to 2
• R 6 represents a group selected from the group consisting of: a) -N(R 7 )(R 8 ), wherein R 7 and R 8 are selected from linear C1-C3 alkyl group and hydrogen atom
• Particular individual compounds of the present invention include:
• the amide formation reaction a) can be undertaken in one or two steps following one of the following alternative conditions:
• group R 6 represents a group amine group (-N(R 7 )(R 8 )), wherein at least one of R 7 and R 8 a hydrogen atom said amine, said amine group is protected with BOC (See Scheme 7) before the above mentioned reaction and the protecting Boc group is cleaved after the above mention reaction with HCL dioxane, dioxane, 0 °C to RT.
• the carboxylic esters of general formula (I) are prepared from 2-(2-(3-(pyridin-2-yl)-4- (quinolin-4-yl)-1/7-pyrazol-1-yl)acetamido)acetic acid derivatives (II) by esterification with the suitable alcohols (III) under acidic conditions (Lee, J. -J. et al., Fluorescent Chemosensor for Chloroalkanes, Organic Letters, 10(9), 1735-1738; 2008) or in the presence of a coupling reagent system (Wang, X. et al., Metal-Free Etherification of Aryl Methyl Ether Derivatives by C-OMe Bond Cleavage, Organic Letters, 20(74), 4267- 4272; 2018).
• R 9 H or tBu
• Step 2 N2H4 H2O, 0 °C to RT.
• the 4-methylquinoline derivatives (VI) are condensed with ethyl 2-pyridinecarboxylate (VII) in the presence of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amides to provide compounds of formula (VIII).
• the reaction of the derivatives (VIII) with dimethylformamide dimethylacetal affords to non-isolated enamine intermediates, which are cyclised directly by reaction with hydrazine in presence of acetic acid to provide pyrazole derivatives of formula (IVa).
• R 2 is a linear or branched C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted by 1 , 2 or 3 halogen atoms (IVb) may be prepared according to the following scheme 4:
• Reaction f) Step 1. R 2 B(OH) 2 , DMF, NaHCO 3 , PdCI 2 (PPh3) 2 Step 2. BCI3, SMe 2 , CH2CI2, 0 °C.
• the pyrazole derivatives of formula (IVa) can be halogenated to give the corresponding compounds of formula (IX) with standard halogenation reagents, as succinimide derivatives, after the protection of the nitrogen of the pyrazole ring.
• standard halogenation reagents as succinimide derivatives
• the bromoacetamides the formula (V) are readily synthesized in one stage from commercially available amines (X) by reaction with bromoacetyl bromide the formula (XI) as is indicated in Scheme (Shaw, S. J., et al., Structure- Activity Relationships of 9- Substituted-9-Dihydroerythromycin-Based Motilin Agonists: Optimizing for Potency and Safety, J. Med. Chem., 52, 6851-6859, 2009).
• R 1 represents a group selected from: a) phenyl ring unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen atom, linear or branched C1-C3 haloalkyl, linear or branched C1-C3 alkyl, linear or branched C1-C4 alkoxy, cyano group and hydroxy group b) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ring unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen atom, linear or branched C1-C3 haloalkyl, linear or branched C1-C3 alkyl, linear or branched C1-C4 alkoxy, cyano group and hydroxy group.
• Protected amines of formula (II lb), wherein at least one of R 7 and/or R 8 represent a hydrogen atom, are easily synthesized in one stage from commercially available unprotected amine (Illa) by treatment with BOC2O as is indicated in the Scheme 7.
• R 7 H or linear or branched Ci.Ce alkyl group.
• ACVR2B activin A receptor, type II B
• ALKn activin receptor-like kinase n
• DI PEA /V,/V-Diisopropylethylamine
• FBS Fetal bovine serum
• HATLI 1-[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1/7-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxide hexafluorophosphate
• K2EDTA ethylenediaminetetracetic acid dipotassium salt
• NBS N-Bromosuccinimide
• NaCMC Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
• TGFp transforming growth factor-p
• reaction mixture was incubated in gentle shaking for 120 min at RT, after incubation of 10 pL of ADP-Glo Reagent was added and incubated in gentle shaking for 40 min at RT. 20 pL of Kinase Detection Reagent was added and plate was incubated in gentle shaking for 30 min at RT. Luminiscence (1000 ms) was measured in Perkin Elmer EnSpire Multimode plate reader.
• Table 1 shows the results of assays described below of some compounds of the present invention.
• Galunisertib as inhibitor ligand (Cayman CAY-15312) and recombinant Human TGF-P2 (R&D Systems 302-B2-002) as activator of the ALK-5, were added in their corresponding wells and incubated following the instructions of the Alphascreen AlphaLISA® SureFire® UltraTM p-SMAD3(Ser423/425) Kit (Perkin Elmer ALSU-PSM3- A500).
• Table 2 shows the results of assays described below of some compounds of the present invention.
• the compounds of the present invention are potent inhibitors of transforming growth factor-p receptor I ((TGF RI)/ALK5).
• Table 3 shows the results of assays described below of some compounds. It shows remaining percentage for each of the studied compounds at human plasma at the different times tested.
• the derivatives of the invention are useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases known to be susceptible to improvement by treatment with an inhibitor of transforming growth factor-p receptor I (TGFpRI)/ALK5.
• TGFpRI transforming growth factor-p receptor I
• Such diseases are respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension and lung cancer; fibrotic skin diseases, such as scleroderma, nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, mixed connective tissue disease, scleromyxedema, scleroderma, and eosinophilic fasciitis; fibrotic eye diseases such as dry eyes, age-related macular degeneration, scarring in the cornea and conjunctiva, post-cataract fibrosis, proliferative vitreoretinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
• respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension and lung cancer
• fibrotic skin diseases such as scleroderma, nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, mixed connect
• the derivatives of the invention and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and/or salts thereof may be used in a method of treatment of disorders of the human body which comprises administering to a subject requiring such treatment an effective amount of ester derivatives of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions which comprise, as an active ingredient, at least an ester derivatives of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in association with, other therapeutics agents a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient such as a carrier or diluent.
• the active ingredient may comprise 0.001% to 99% by weight, preferably 0.01 % to 90% by weight of the composition depending upon the nature of the formulation and whether further dilution is to be made prior to application.
• compounds of formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions thereof are made up in a form suitable for inhale, nasal, oral, topical, or ocular administration.
• compounds of formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions thereof are made up in a form suitable for inhale administration.
• compositions of this invention are well known per se and the actual excipients used depend inter alia on the intended method of administering the compositions.
• compositions for oral administration may take the form of inhalation aerosols, inhalation solutions, dry powder inhalation, tablets, retard tablets, sublingual tablets, capsules, or liquid preparations, such as mixtures, elixirs, syrups or suspensions, all containing the compound of the invention; such preparations may be made by methods well-known in the art.
• a respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension and lung cancer
• fibrotic skin diseases such as scleroderma, nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, mixed connective tissue disease, scleromyxedema, scleroderma, and eosinophilic fasciitis
• fibrotic eye diseases such as dry eyes, age- related macular degeneration, scarring in the cornea and conjunctiva, post-cataract fibrosis, proliferative vitreoretinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy are a particular aspect of the present invention may be carried out in any feasible way.
• the administration is oral.
• oral administration is inhaled administration.
• diluents which may be used in the preparation of the compositions, include those liquid and solid diluents, which are compatible with the active ingredient, together with colouring or flavouring agents, if desired.
• Tablets or capsules may conveniently contain between 2 and 500 mg of active ingredient or the equivalent amount of a salt thereof.
• the liquid composition adapted for oral use may be in the form of solutions or suspensions.
• the solutions may be aqueous solutions of a soluble salt or other derivative of the active compound in association with, for example, sucrose to form syrup.
• the suspensions may comprise an insoluble active compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in association with water, together with a suspending agent or flavouring agent.
• Effective doses are normally in the range of 2-2000 mg of active ingredient per day.
• Daily dosage may be administered in one or more treatments, preferably from 1 to 4 treatments, per day.
• reaction products were acquired from commercial sources.
• concentration refers to the vacuum evaporation using a Buchi rotavapor.
• reaction products were purified by "flash" chromatography on silica gel (40-63 pm) with the indicated solvent system or using a Vertex CombiFlash system.
• the spectroscopic data were measured in a Varian Mercury 300 spectrometer.
• the melting points were measured in a Buchi 535 instrument.
• the HPLC-MS were performed on a Gilson instrument equipped with a Gilson 321 piston pump, a Gilson 864 vacuum degasser, a Gilson 189 injection module, a 1/1000 Gilson splitter, a Gilson 307 pump, a Gilson 170 detector, and a Thermoquest Fennigan aQa detector.
• the UPLC-MS were performed on an Acquity H-Class (Waters) equipped with an Acquity sample manager, an Acquity quaternary solvent manager, an Acquity PDA detector, an Acquity QDA detector and a Vaccubrand vacuum pump
• Example 1 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 3-fluoro-5-(2-(3-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-4- (quinolin-4-yl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl)acetamido)benzoate
• dichloromethane 50 mL
• thionyl chloride 1.5 mL, 20.75 mmol
• Example 8 1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl 3-fluoro-5-(2-(3-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-4-

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