WO2022063214A1 - 手术机器人控制方法、计算机设备及手术机器人系统 - Google Patents

手术机器人控制方法、计算机设备及手术机器人系统 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2022063214A1
WO2022063214A1 PCT/CN2021/120212 CN2021120212W WO2022063214A1 WO 2022063214 A1 WO2022063214 A1 WO 2022063214A1 CN 2021120212 W CN2021120212 W CN 2021120212W WO 2022063214 A1 WO2022063214 A1 WO 2022063214A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motion
end adapter
module
robotic arm
point
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/120212
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈龙
黄钦
汪全全
谢强
聂勇祥
高�浩
Original Assignee
武汉联影智融医疗科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202011026975.3A external-priority patent/CN112168352B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202011024626.8A external-priority patent/CN112192566B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202110483833.8A external-priority patent/CN113276111A/zh
Application filed by 武汉联影智融医疗科技有限公司 filed Critical 武汉联影智融医疗科技有限公司
Priority to US18/028,444 priority Critical patent/US20240025053A1/en
Priority to EP21871583.7A priority patent/EP4218649A1/en
Publication of WO2022063214A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022063214A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/10Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J13/00Controls for manipulators
    • B25J13/06Control stands, e.g. consoles, switchboards
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/25User interfaces for surgical systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots
    • A61B34/32Surgical robots operating autonomously
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots
    • A61B34/37Master-slave robots
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/77Manipulators with motion or force scaling
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/03Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/16Programme controls
    • B25J9/1656Programme controls characterised by programming, planning systems for manipulators
    • B25J9/1664Programme controls characterised by programming, planning systems for manipulators characterised by motion, path, trajectory planning
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00017Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • A61B2017/00115Electrical control of surgical instruments with audible or visual output
    • A61B2017/00119Electrical control of surgical instruments with audible or visual output alarm; indicating an abnormal situation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/10Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
    • A61B2034/107Visualisation of planned trajectories or target regions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/06Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/064Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of medical technology, and in particular, to a surgical robot control method, computer equipment and a surgical robot system.
  • Surgical robots include hardware devices such as control systems, robotic arms, ground brakes, pedals, or cameras.
  • the mechanical arm, ground brake, foot pedal or camera device are respectively connected with the control system.
  • the control system and the manipulator include various control logic operation systems.
  • the operation logic of the control logic operation system of the traditional surgical robot is not clear enough, the operation of the manipulator controlled by the control system is not flexible enough, and the safety is poor.
  • a magnetic field enhancement component and a magnetic field enhancement device are provided.
  • the present application provides a surgical robot control method, including:
  • Controlling the end of the manipulator to execute the motion control command includes controlling the end of the manipulator to perform actions according to various motion modes.
  • a surgical robot control system comprising:
  • the main control module is used to generate motion control commands
  • an interaction module for interacting with the main control module information, for receiving user requirements, generating interactive control commands, and sending them to the main control module;
  • a plurality of motion modules interact with the information of the main control module for executing the motion control commands.
  • a surgical robot control method comprising:
  • the position information of the end adapter fixed at the end of the manipulator at the first positioning point and the position information of the second positioning point and obtain the position information of the end adapter along the first positioning point according to the position information of the first positioning point and the position information of the second positioning point.
  • the first cranial entry point and the first target point, and the end adapter is used to hold the surgical instrument.
  • the control signal is converted into a speed signal.
  • the movement of the robotic arm is controlled according to the speed signal, so that the robotic arm drives the end adapter to move linearly along the first axis between the first positioning point and the second positioning point.
  • a computer device including a memory and a processor.
  • the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method described in any of the foregoing embodiments are implemented.
  • a surgical robot system includes a robotic arm, a signal sensing device, an end adapter and a control device.
  • the signal sensing device is fixed on the end of the mechanical arm.
  • the end adapter is fixedly mounted on the signal sensing device.
  • the end adapter is used to install surgical instruments and receive control signals.
  • the control device includes a memory and a processor.
  • the memory stores a computer program. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method described in any of the above embodiments are implemented.
  • a control method for an end adapter of a robotic arm comprising:
  • the first pathway traverses the second target site and the second cranial entry point, and the tip adapter is located at a third anchor point.
  • the first path passes through the third anchor point, the second cranial entry point and the second target point in sequence.
  • a position command is acquired, and according to the position command, the end adapter is controlled to move along a first plane or a first spherical surface where the third anchor point is located, and the first plane is perpendicular to the first path.
  • a surgical robot system includes a robotic arm and a control device.
  • the robotic arm The robotic arm includes a tip adapter.
  • the control device includes a memory and a processor.
  • the memory stores a computer program.
  • the processor implements the steps of the method according to any one of the above embodiments when executing the computer program.
  • a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon.
  • the computer program when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method as described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the present application relates to a surgical robot control system and a control method.
  • the surgical robot control method includes: receiving user requirements, generating interactive control commands; generating motion control commands according to the interactive control commands; and controlling the end of a robotic arm to execute the motion control commands, where the motion control commands include controlling the The end of the robotic arm performs actions according to various motion patterns.
  • the surgical robot control method can control the end of the mechanical arm to perform actions according to various motion modes through the motion control command, so as to realize different motion schemes in various clinical application scenarios, and can be realized by interactive control commands in any application scenario. Control the flexible switching of the end of the robotic arm between multiple motion modes.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a surgical robot control system provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a motion module provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an interaction module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of switching between different motion modules provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a surgical robot control system provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a surgical robot control system provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is a main interface display diagram of the plurality of motion modules provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • 9 is an interface display diagram of plane fine-tuning in the fine-tuning motion module provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is an interface display diagram of spherical surface fine-tuning in the fine-tuning motion module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic flowchart of the surgical robot control method provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the surgical robot system provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic flowchart of the surgical robot control method provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic flowchart of the speed control method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • 15 is a flowchart of a method for controlling the end adapter of a robotic arm provided in an embodiment of the application;
  • 16 is a schematic plan view of the end adapter of the robotic arm provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart of a method for controlling a terminal adapter of a robotic arm provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 19 is a flowchart of a method for controlling an end adapter of a robotic arm provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • 20 is a flowchart of a method for controlling the end adapter of a robotic arm provided in an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of switching the plane mode to the spherical mode of the end adapter of the robotic arm provided in an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 22 is a flowchart of a method for controlling an end adapter of a robotic arm provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 23 is a flowchart of a method for controlling an end adapter of a robotic arm provided in an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 24 is a flowchart of a method for controlling an end adapter of a robotic arm provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of a spherical surface mode of the end adapter of the robotic arm provided in an embodiment of the application;
  • 26 is a flowchart of a method for controlling the end adapter of a robotic arm provided in an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 27 is a flowchart of a method for controlling an end adapter of a robotic arm provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Surgical robot control system 100 main control module 10, interaction module 20, self-circulation interaction device 21, autonomous interaction device 22, predefined motion interaction device 23, one-way switching device 24, motion module 30, free motion module 31, autonomous motion Module 32, axial movement module 33, fine-tuning movement module 34, spherical movement module 35, safety prevention and control system 40, emergency stop device 41, safety boundary computing device 42, obstacle collision avoidance device 43, trajectory interlocking device 44, surgery Robot system 50, signal sensing device 70,
  • FIG. 1 provides a surgical robot control system 100 for the present application.
  • the surgical robot control system 100 includes: a main control module 10 , an interaction module 20 and a plurality of motion modules 30 .
  • the main control module 10 is used for generating motion control commands.
  • the main control module 10 may include a computer host and a computer program stored in the computer host.
  • the interaction module 20 exchanges information with the main control module 10 .
  • the interaction module 20 is configured to receive motion control commands from the main control module 10 and generate interactive control commands according to user requirements.
  • the user requirement here can be to control the robot arm to move a certain distance in a certain direction, or to control the end of the robot arm to enter a certain precision area.
  • the plurality of motion modules 30 interact with the main control module 10 in information.
  • the plurality of motion modules 30 are used to execute the motion control commands.
  • the plurality of motion modules 30 interact with the interaction module 20 in information, that is, the plurality of motion modules 30 and the interaction module 20 are logically interconnected.
  • the command is transmitted to the main control module 10, and the control software in the main control module 10 generates the relevant motion control commands required by the certain motion module, and then sends it to the plurality of motion modules 30, and the robotic arm and the The robotic arm control system executes the corresponding motion mode.
  • the plurality of motion modules 30 can be switched with each other. Switching among the plurality of motion modules 30 can instruct the robotic arm or the end of the robotic arm to move more safely and flexibly.
  • the surgical robot control system 100 provided in this embodiment can deploy or switch the motion modes of the plurality of motion modules 20 through the interaction module 20, so as to realize a safe and reliable machine that can flexibly switch motion modes in any application scenario Arm real-time motion function.
  • the surgical robot control system 100 in this embodiment can be applied to a flexible, reliable and safe multi-mode robotic arm motion module-level solution, not only in stereotaxic surgical robots, but also in joint replacement, bone trauma treatment In orthopedic or spine-based surgical robots based on six-degree-of-freedom robotic arms or seven-degree-of-freedom robotic arms.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the motion module 30 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the plurality of movement modules 30 include: a free movement module 31 , an autonomous movement module 32 , an axial movement module 33 , and an adjustment movement module.
  • the free movement module 31 interacts with the main control module 10 and the interaction module 20 in information respectively.
  • the free motion module 31 is used to control the end of the manipulator to move freely.
  • the user manually drags the end of the robotic arm to move freely, that is, the user can control the robotic arm to move freely within the motion space of the robotic arm.
  • the free motion module 31 can be manually dragged by the user to move the end of the robotic arm to perform any trajectory movement under the condition that any robotic arm is movable.
  • a grip portion can be designed at the end of the robotic arm that is convenient for the user to hold.
  • the front, back, left, right, up and down translational motions can be performed near the grip portion, and counterclockwise, clockwise and other rotations, as well as combined motions of rotation and translational motions can be performed.
  • the user instructs to enter the working state of the free movement module 31 through the main control module 10 . That is, the user clicks the "free movement" button on the operation interface of the main control module 10 to enter the free movement module 31 to work.
  • the main control module 10 accepts input from the user: enters the free motion module 31 , and then sends the free motion mode parameters and the robotic arm unlock command to the free motion module 31 .
  • the free motion module 31 receives the above two parameters, and simultaneously judges whether the communication and data reading with the terminal six-degree-of-freedom force sensor is normal (the free-motion mode is a force control mode, and the premise is that the terminal six-degree-of-freedom force sensor works fine).
  • the autonomous motion module 32 exchanges information with the main control module 10 and the interaction module 20 respectively.
  • the autonomous movement module 32 is configured to perform autonomous movement according to the path points planned by the main control module 10 . Without manual intervention by the user, it is used to automatically run the end of the robotic arm from the current position to a predefined surgical target point, thereby realizing the positioning and orientation function of surgical instruments.
  • the autonomous motion module 32 refers to an active motion module that the robot/manipulator can autonomously avoid obstacles.
  • the main control module 10 judges by itself whether the space registration process has been completed, and the space registration result is confirmed, which is guaranteed through the workflow.
  • the main control module 10 needs to deliver the path planning algorithm (initial point and end point) to be planned to the path planning algorithm of the autonomous motion module 32 .
  • the autonomous motion module 32 performs path planning according to the path information, and after the planning is successful, sends the trajectory points to the underlying control hardware (robot control cabinet).
  • the underlying control hardware waits for the foot pedal to be stepped on, and the robotic arm executes according to the planned path point until it moves to the final target point.
  • the axial movement module 33 exchanges information with the main control module 10 and the interaction module 20 respectively.
  • the axial movement module 33 is used to control the end of the robot arm to move along a predefined axial direction.
  • the end of the robotic arm can only move in one direction along the deep puncturing direction of the surgical instrument, but cannot move or rotate in other directions.
  • the doctor needs to manually adjust the distance between the surgical instrument and the target point without affecting the posture, so as to achieve a more accurate orientation function.
  • the main control module 10 judges by itself whether the space registration process has been completed, and the space registration result is confirmed, which is guaranteed through the workflow.
  • the main control module 10 judges by itself whether the process of executing a path has been completed and the path has been run in place. Since the axial motion module 33 is coupled with the autonomous motion module 32, that is, the axial motion mode can only be enabled after a certain path completes the autonomous motion and is in place, otherwise it is always in a non-enabled state, that is, the user Axial motion mode cannot be actively activated.
  • the axial motion module 33 After the axial motion module 33 receives the axial mode parameters, it checks the working condition of the 6-DOF force sensor (the axial mode is also based on the force control mode of the 6-DOF force sensor). The algorithm calculates the motion point of the manipulator in the axial motion and sends it to the underlying control hardware. After the underlying control hardware receives the axial mode parameters and the point to be moved by the robotic arm, it executes the axial movement under the control of the foot pedal.
  • the fine-tuning motion module 34 interacts with the main control module 10 and the interaction module 20 in information respectively.
  • the fine-tuning motion module 34 is used to control the end of the robotic arm to translate a predetermined distance along a fixed direction in a predefined plane.
  • the automatic movement can be completed according to the predefined movement parameters without the need for the user to manually drag. Combined with clinical application scenarios, it can be divided into plane fine-tuning and spherical fine-tuning.
  • plane fine-tuning refers to the step movement at equal intervals or set intervals along the front, rear, left and right directions of a certain end face of the end face of the robot arm, and can also be extended in 4 diagonal directions, etc. 8 movement in one direction.
  • Spherical fine-tuning refers to the equal-arc motion in the four directions of front, rear, left and right on a spherical surface with a constant radius with the target point as the center.
  • Planar fine-tuning mode and spherical fine-tuning mode refer to stepping tiny displacements on a specific plane or sphere.
  • the spherical mode means that the human collaborative manipulator moves in a specific area and is not allowed to exceed the area (such as inside a cone) and the tool center point remains unchanged.
  • the fine-tuning motion module 34 can provide parameters such as fine-tuning step size, fine-tuning distance, and fine-tuning direction.
  • the main control module 10 judges by itself whether the space registration process has been completed, and the space registration result is confirmed, which is guaranteed through the workflow.
  • the main control module 10 judges by itself whether the process of executing a path has been completed and the path has been run in place. Coupled with the autonomous motion mode, that is, the fine-tuning motion mode can only be enabled after a certain path completes the autonomous motion and is in place, otherwise it is always in a non-enabled state, that is, the user cannot actively start the fine-tuning motion mode.
  • the adjustment movement module interacts with the information of the main control module 10 and the interaction module 20 respectively, and is used to control the end of the robotic arm to perform final adjustment before the axial movement.
  • the adjusting motion module includes a fine-tuning motion module 34 and/or a spherical motion module 35 .
  • the adjusting motion module may also include other types of irregular fine-tuning motion modules.
  • the fine-tuning motion module 34 After receiving the mode parameters (fine-tuning mode), fine-tuning distance, fine-tuning direction and other parameters, calculates the mechanical arm motion points for fine-tuning motion according to the fine-tuning motion algorithm, and sends it to the underlying control hardware. After the underlying control hardware receives the mode parameters (fine-tuning mode) and the point to be moved by the robotic arm, it performs fine-tuning motion under the control of the foot pedal.
  • the spherical motion module 35 exchanges information with the main control module 10 and the interaction module 20 respectively.
  • the spherical motion module 35 is used to control the end of the robotic arm to move along a predefined spherical surface. Similar to the above spherical fine-tuning motion mode, the difference is that the spherical motion is a spherical limited motion manually dragged by the user, and faces different application scenarios.
  • the above-mentioned main control module 10 judges by itself whether the space registration process has been completed, and the space registration result is confirmed, which is guaranteed through the workflow.
  • the main control module 10 judges by itself whether the process of executing a path has been completed and the path has been run in place. Coupled with the autonomous motion mode, that is, the spherical motion mode can only be enabled after a certain path has completed the autonomous motion and is in place, otherwise it is always in the disabled state, that is, the user cannot actively initiate the spherical motion mode.
  • the spherical motion module 35 after receiving parameters such as the spherical mode parameter, the spherical distance and the spherical direction, calculates the robotic arm motion point of the spherical motion according to the spherical motion algorithm, and sends it to the underlying control hardware. After the underlying control hardware receives the spherical mode parameters and the point to be moved by the robotic arm, it performs spherical motion under the control of the foot pedal.
  • the surgical robot control system 100 can make the stereotaxic surgical robot meet motion schemes in various clinical application scenarios. Specifically, in the process of using a surgical robot based on a six-degree-of-freedom or seven-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm to realize the treatment of spinal diseases, the free movement module 31 can be transferred to the axial movement module 33 when the end of the robot arm moves After reaching the positioning point 1, it is possible to switch to the fine-tuning motion module 34 and slowly move to the positioning point 2, and then perform specific surgical steps according to the surgical plan.
  • anchor point 2 is closer to the affected area than anchor point 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the interaction module 20 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of switching between different motion modules 30 provided in an embodiment of the present application. Different motion modules in the plurality of motion modules 30 can be flexibly switched according to actual clinical application scenarios, and a logic diagram of flexible switching among different motion modules is shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the interaction module 20 includes a self-looping interaction device 21 .
  • the self-circulating interaction device 21 interacts with each movement module information of the plurality of movement modules 30 respectively.
  • the self-circulating interaction device 21 is used to control each of the plurality of motion modules 30 to perform reciprocation multiple times. In this embodiment, after each motion module is selected, it can be reciprocated for many times, as shown in 1 in FIG. 4 .
  • the interaction module 20 further includes an autonomous interaction device 22 .
  • the autonomous interaction device 22 interacts with each movement module information of the plurality of movement modules 30 respectively.
  • the autonomous interaction device 22 is used to control the interaction execution between the autonomous motion module 32 and the free motion module 31, the axial motion module 33, the fine-tuning motion module 34 and the spherical motion module 35, 2 in Figure 4.
  • the interaction module 20 further includes a predefined motion interaction device 23 .
  • the predefined motion interaction device 23 interacts with the axial motion module 33 , the fine-tuning motion module 34 and the spherical motion module 35 respectively.
  • the predefined motion interaction device 23 is used to control the bidirectional interaction between the axial motion module 33 and the fine-tuning motion module 34 and the bidirectional interaction between the axial motion module 33 and the spherical motion module 35 , and the two-way interaction between the fine-tuning motion module 34 and the spherical motion module 35 is shown as 3 in FIG. 4 .
  • the interaction module 20 further includes a one-way switching device 24 .
  • the one-way switching device 24 interacts with the free movement module 31 , the axial movement module 33 , the fine-tuning movement module 34 and the spherical movement module 35 respectively.
  • the one-way switching device 24 is used to control the axial movement module 33 , the fine-tuning movement module 34 and the spherical movement module 35 to switch to the free movement module 31 in one direction respectively, as shown in 4 in FIG. 4 .
  • the plurality of motion modules 30 are in actual operation, they need to be switched to the axial motion module 33 , the fine-tuning motion module 34 and the spherical surface after the autonomous motion module has completed the execution of a certain path.
  • Motion module 35 Motion module 35 . Therefore, in a clinical application scenario, when the axial motion module 33 , the fine-tuning motion module 34 and the spherical motion module 35 are respectively switched to the free motion module 31 , they are all unidirectional switching.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a surgical robot control system 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the surgical robot control system 100 further includes a safety prevention and control system 40 .
  • the safety prevention and control system 40 exchanges information with the main control module 10 and exchanges information with each of the plurality of movement modules 30 .
  • the safety prevention and control system 40 is used to implement the safety prevention and control of the surgical robot control system 100 .
  • the provided surgical robot control system 100 includes: the main control module 10 , the interaction module 20 , the plurality of motion modules 30 , and the safety prevention and control system 40 .
  • the surgical robot control system 100 includes the safety prevention and control system 40 for realizing the safety prevention and control of the surgical robot control system 100 .
  • the surgical robot control system 100 realizes a safe and reliable real-time motion function of the robotic arm that can flexibly switch the motion mode in any application scenario when the interaction module 20 is used to deploy or switch the motion modes of the plurality of motion modules 20 .
  • the surgical robot control system 100 in this embodiment can be applied to a flexible, reliable and safe multi-mode robotic arm motion module-level solution, not only in stereotaxic surgical robots, but also in joint replacement, bone trauma treatment In orthopedic or spine-based surgical robots based on six-degree-of-freedom robotic arms or seven-degree-of-freedom robotic arms.
  • the surgical robot control system 100 defines various motion modules 30 based on clinical scenarios. Each motion module 30 has corresponding safety design considerations.
  • the user When using the surgical robot control system 100 , the user only considers the actual clinical application, and does not pay too much attention to safety design, because the relevant safety design is completely completed by the surgical robot control system 100 .
  • various motion modes can be flexibly switched, which expands the usability and safety design of the stereotaxic surgical robot application scenarios, and further reduces the dependence of doctors and users on system operation experience.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the surgical robot control system 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the surgical robot control system 100 provided in this application provides the following corresponding safety design solutions according to the identified safety risks:
  • the safety prevention and control system 40 includes an emergency stop device 41 .
  • the emergency stop device 41 interacts with each movement module information of the plurality of movement modules 30 .
  • the emergency stop device 41 is used to stop the robot arm from continuing to move through the emergency stop device 41 when the user judges that the movement of the robot arm has a safety risk.
  • the emergency stop device 41 may be a foot pedal that interacts with the information of the robotic arm.
  • the various motion modules 30 can be triggered only when the user steps on the foot pedal.
  • the user can release the foot pedal at the first time to stop all movements of the robotic arm.
  • the free movement module 31 , the autonomous movement module 32 , the axial movement module 33 , the fine-tuning movement module 34 and the spherical movement module 35 all need to be continuously
  • the responsive movement process can only be completed under the condition of stepping on the pedal.
  • the security prevention and control system 40 further includes a security boundary computing device 42 .
  • the safe boundary computing device 42 interacts with the free movement module 31 , the axial movement module 33 and the spherical movement module 35 respectively.
  • the safety boundary computing device 42 is configured to compare the actual movement trajectory of the robotic arm with the predefined safety boundary in real time, and warn the user that there is a safety risk when it is found that the actual running trajectory is about to reach the safety boundary.
  • the main control module 10 cannot know all the motion trajectories in advance, but can Real-time comparison with the pre-defined safety boundary according to the actual motion trajectory.
  • the main control module 10 finds that the actual motion trajectory is about to reach the safety boundary, it may prompt the user through a warning or voice.
  • the safety boundary is reached again, the main control module 10 can control the safety boundary computing device 42 to stop the movement of the robotic arm to avoid causing further safety risks. It should be noted that only when the warning is confirmed by the user, it is possible for the robotic arm to move within the safe boundary when the user drags.
  • the axial movement module 33 it is also necessary to define a safety boundary in the depth direction according to the length of the surgical instrument and the length of the adapter, so as to ensure that in the axial movement mode, when the user manually drags the instrument or the adapter The tip does not hit the patient's head.
  • the safety prevention and control system 40 further includes an obstacle collision avoidance device 43 .
  • the obstacle collision avoidance device 43 exchanges information with the autonomous motion module 32 .
  • the obstacle collision avoidance device 43 is used to generate a simplified obstacle model according to the system hardware model and the unknown patient head model.
  • the obstacle The object collision avoidance device 43 generates an avoidance route that can avoid the simplified model of the obstacle.
  • the system avoids the collision situation on the premise of acquiring the cart model, the patient's head model and other equipment and tool models, and avoids the situation in advance. collision interference.
  • the simplified obstacle model can be simplified into a combination of the following three categories.
  • the first type of models are models of system carts, instrument tools, or components that may be encountered on the cart. Once the mechanical design is complete, such models are solidified and can be exported by dedicated software and claimed as mesh files for collision detection during path planning.
  • the second type of model is the unknown patient head model, which can be obtained by CT scanning of preoperative radiology images, and finally passed to the collision detection algorithm of the lower computer to perform collision detection.
  • the third type of model is the unknown and numerous third-party head frame models for fixing the head.
  • This type of model can be obtained based on the obtained patient head model and the known system for fixing the patient's head on the basis of the mechanical component model , expand a bounding box model of about 20mm-60mm to the outside, that is, no part of the robotic arm can enter the bounding box.
  • the safety prevention and control system 40 further includes a track interlock device 44 .
  • the trajectory interlocking device 44 interacts with each motion module information of the plurality of motion modules 30 .
  • the trajectory interlocking device 44 is used to monitor the movement trajectory of the robotic arm in real time, and when the deviation between the actual movement trajectory of the robotic arm and the planned movement trajectory is found to exceed a preset deviation, the user is warned or the movement of the robotic arm is directly prohibited. Specifically, when it is found that the actual path trajectory deviates greatly from the planned path trajectory, the robot arm is warned or prohibited from moving in advance.
  • the larger deviation here can be understood as the deviation between the actual motion trajectory of the robotic arm and the planned motion trajectory exceeds the preset deviation. Because the actual motion trajectory is quite different from the planned motion trajectory (for example, the Euclidean distance exceeds 1cm), there must be some unpredictable anomalies, which increase the possibility of the final collision, so it can be avoided in advance.
  • the surgical robot control system 100 further includes: a speed selection device, a locking and unlocking device, a motion enabling device, and an automatic return device.
  • the speed selection device can set different motion speeds for different motion states in the motion module 30 .
  • the locking and unlocking device can lock and control different motion states in the motion module 30 .
  • the motion enabling device can perform emergency stop processing for different motion states in the motion module 30 .
  • the automatic return device can control the motion module 30 to return to the initial position from different motion states.
  • the application also provides a surgical robot control method, including:
  • the interaction module 20 described above may be used to receive user requirements and generate interaction control commands.
  • a motion control command is generated according to the interactive control command.
  • the above-mentioned main control module 10 may be used to generate motion control commands.
  • Controlling the end of the manipulator to execute the motion control command includes controlling the end of the manipulator to perform actions according to various motion modes.
  • the above-mentioned plurality of motion modules 30 may be used to execute the plurality of motion modes respectively.
  • the surgical robot control method can implement different motion schemes in various clinical application scenarios, and in any application scenario, interactive control commands can be generated by receiving user requirements; motion control commands can be generated according to the interactive control commands ; controlling the end of the manipulator to execute the motion control command, the motion control command includes controlling the end of the manipulator to execute actions according to various motion modes. Therefore, the surgical robot control method can realize flexible switching among the plurality of motion modes. Specifically, when a surgical robot using a mechanical arm based on a seven-degree-of-freedom force sensor is used to realize the treatment of spinal diseases, the free motion mode can be transferred to the axial motion mode. When the end of the robotic arm moves to the positioning point 1, it can switch to the fine-tuning motion mode and slowly move to the positioning point 2, and then implement the specific surgical steps according to the surgical plan. Here anchor point 2 is closer to the affected area than anchor point 1.
  • the controlling the end of the manipulator to execute the motion control command includes the step of controlling the end of the manipulator to execute actions according to multiple motion modes, the multiple motion modes include: Free Motion Mode, Autonomous Motion Mode, Axial Motion Mode, Fine Motion Mode, and Spherical Motion Mode.
  • the free motion mode the end of the manipulator can be controlled to perform free motion.
  • autonomous motion mode autonomous motion can be performed according to the path points planned by the main control module 10 .
  • the end of the manipulator can be controlled to move along a predefined axial direction.
  • the fine-tuning motion mode the end of the robotic arm can be controlled to move a predetermined distance along a fixed direction in a predefined plane.
  • the spherical motion mode the end of the manipulator can be controlled to move along a predefined spherical surface.
  • the motion control command includes any one or more of the following four control commands:
  • the axial motion mode, the fine-tuning motion mode and the spherical motion mode are controlled to be unidirectionally switched to the free motion mode, respectively.
  • FIG. 4 shows that different exercise systems in the multiple exercise modes can be flexibly switched according to actual clinical application scenarios.
  • the robot control method further includes: interacting with at least one motion mode information among the multiple motion modes to realize safety prevention and control of the surgical robot control system.
  • the steps of safety prevention and control are added, so that the robot control method can realize a safe and reliable real-time movement function of the robot arm that can flexibly switch the movement mode in any application scenario.
  • the surgical robot control method in this embodiment a multi-mode robotic arm motion system and scheme with flexible and reliable control strategies and high safety, is not only suitable for stereotaxic surgical robots, but also can be used for similar joint replacement, bone In trauma treatment and other orthopedics or spine surgery robots based on six-degree-of-freedom force sensor-based robotic arms or seven-degree-of-freedom force sensor-based robotic arms.
  • the step of realizing the safety prevention and control of the surgical robot control system includes adopting any one or more of the following steps to realize the safety prevention and control of the surgical robot:
  • implementing emergency stop control on the robotic arm may be: when the user judges that the movement of the robotic arm has a safety risk, the user can stop the robotic arm from continuing to move through the emergency stop device 41 .
  • the warning of the existence of safety risks to the user may be: according to the real-time comparison between the actual motion trajectory of the robotic arm and the predefined safety boundary, when it is found that the actual running trajectory is about to reach the safety boundary, the user is warned of the existence of safety risks.
  • the automatic avoidance route for generating the robotic arm may be: generating a simplified obstacle model according to the system hardware model and the unknown patient head model, when the main control module 10 plans the path point of the autonomous motion module 32, the The obstacle collision avoidance device 43 generates an avoidance route that can avoid the simplified model of the obstacle.
  • Prohibiting the movement of the robot arm may be: monitoring the movement trajectory of the robot arm in real time, and when it is found that the deviation between the actual movement trajectory of the robot arm and the planned movement trajectory exceeds a preset deviation, warning the user or directly prohibiting the movement of the robot arm.
  • the present application further provides a surgical robot, including the surgical robot control system 100 described in any of the above embodiments, a robotic arm, a ground brake, a foot pedal, a camera device, and other hardware devices.
  • FIG. 7 is a main interface display diagram of the plurality of motion modules 30 in the main control module 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the present application also provides interface display diagrams of the axial motion module 33 and the fine-tuning motion module 34 in the main control module 10 to show the operation process of the two motion modules respectively.
  • FIG. 8 is an interface display diagram of the axial motion module 33 described in an embodiment of the application.
  • the interface operation method is as follows:
  • Step on the pedal start the motion of the robotic arm
  • Step on the pedal start the motion of the robotic arm
  • the free motion module 31 the autonomous motion module 32 or the combined motion module of the free motion module 31 and the autonomous motion module 32 to move the robotic arm to the positioning point 1.
  • the main control module 10 can display various types of information, including image information, fixed data information, real-time data information, and operation information.
  • the image information can display one image or multiple images at the same time.
  • Fixed data information and real-time data information can be displayed directly on the image information, or can be displayed in a separate display area.
  • the operation information can be used for user input information, can be displayed directly on the image information, or can be displayed in a separate display area.
  • the image information display area will dynamically display globally in real time according to the position of the end device and the head.
  • the motion mode interface of the axial motion module 33 includes two image information, namely, a real-time display of the global image and a real-time display of an enlarged image. The above two image information is used to display the overall positional relationship, wherein the human head is the scanned CT image, and the robotic arm, the instrument and the human hand are the STL data format model or the preset 3D data format model.
  • the image information display area When the user needs to manually adjust the axial position of the end device, the image information display area will perform a global real-time dynamic display according to the position of the end device and the head, showing the movement direction of the puncture axis, positioning point 1, positioning point 2, current end tool point, input Cranial point, target point, etc.
  • the image information display area will also display an enlarged image in real time.
  • the main enlarged area is the movement direction of the puncture axis, the positioning point 2, the current end tool point, and the cranial entry point.
  • the enlarged view can be dynamically adjusted and enlarged according to the position of the current end tool point, or the partial view can be adjusted and enlarged manually by the user.
  • the motion mode interface of the axial motion module 33 further includes a display area for fixed data information.
  • “Cranial Entry Point Coordinates”, “Target Point Coordinates”, “Location Point 1 Coordinates” and “Location Point 2 Coordinates” can be displayed.
  • the motion mode interface of the axial motion module 33 also includes a display area for real-time data information.
  • the end adapter is thrust (N), and this data indicates that the user has force information applied to the instrument; real-time display of the coordinates from the origin Q of the end device coordinate system to positioning point 2; real-time display of the end device coordinate system origin Q to the cranial entry point coordinates; real-time display of the coordinates from the origin Q of the end device coordinate system to the target point.
  • the coordinate values in this example are all displayed relative to the target point coordinates, but may also be displayed relative to other coordinate systems.
  • Types of coordinate display include, but are not limited to, Cartesian coordinates and spherical coordinates.
  • the display in the display area of the real-time data information may include all or part of the above-mentioned display contents.
  • the motion mode interface of the axial motion module 33 also includes a display area for operation information. Users can set the maximum distance in axial mode by themselves. The user can also arbitrarily select "Lock Robot Arm", “Unlock Robot Arm” or "Exit Axial Motion Mode”. Locking the robotic arm allows users to perform other operations more safely without worrying about other abnormal movements of the robotic arm. When the user wants the axial movement mode, he can unlock the mechanical arm to perform the axial movement or exit the current axial movement mode, etc.
  • the axial motion interface is the main interface of the motion module, but the sub-interface can still include some functions of the main interface. Switch other sports modes in this sub-interface.
  • FIG. 9 is an interface display diagram of plane fine-tuning in the fine-tuning motion module 34 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is an interface display diagram of spherical surface fine-tuning in the fine-tuning motion module 34 according to an embodiment of the present application. The following takes FIG. 9 as an example to explain the interface operation method of the fine-tuning motion module 34:
  • Step on the pedal and select the autonomous motion module 32 or the combined motion module of the free motion module 31 and the autonomous motion module 32 to move the robotic arm to the positioning point 1 .
  • the motion mode interface of the fine-tuning motion module 34 includes image information, data information and operation information.
  • the image information display area includes two, namely, a real-time display global image (view 1) and a real-time display enlarged image (view 2).
  • the display area of the data information includes a step amount input area and a step position display area.
  • the user can enter the fine-tuning motion after inputting the step amount, selecting the motion mode and unlocking the mechanical arm.
  • the display area of the data information also includes step direction keys, and the step direction includes but is not limited to the form of interface keys in this example, and may also be physical up, down, left and right keys or corresponding voice recognition.
  • the coordinates of the position after the current step relative to the initial position are displayed in real time, and the relative numerical information is displayed in real time.
  • the coordinate values in this example are all displayed relative to the coordinates of the initial positioning point, but may also be displayed relative to other coordinate systems.
  • the types of coordinate display include but are not limited to rectangular coordinates and spherical coordinates.
  • the display area of the operation information includes a mode selection switching area, which can freely switch the plane fine-tuning mode or the spherical fine-tuning mode movement, and can not click the initial position point to reset to the initial positioning point.
  • the display area of the operation information also includes control buttons, and the user can lock the mechanical arm after using the stepping mode, so that other surgical operations can be performed more safely.
  • the user can also perform multiple successive steps until the desired puncture location. After finishing the fine-tuning mode, the user can click to exit the directional quantitative step micro-displacement motion mode to the main interface of Figure 7.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling a surgical robot, including:
  • S100 Obtain the pose information of the end adapter 80 fixed at the end of the manipulator at the first positioning point 210 and the pose information of the second positioning point 220, and according to the pose information of the first positioning point 210 and the second positioning point
  • the pose information of the anchor point 220 obtains the corresponding planned path of the robotic arm 60 when the end adapter 80 moves along the first axis 100 from the first anchor point 210 to the second anchor point 220 .
  • the first shaft 100 passes through the first positioning point 210, the second positioning point 220, the first cranial entry point 121 and the first target point 131 in sequence, and the end adapter 80 is used for clamping surgical tools .
  • the robotic arm 60 includes a plurality of components.
  • the two adjacent components are connected by joints to ensure that the two components can rotate relative to each other.
  • One end of the robotic arm 60 is fixed to the base.
  • the other end of the mechanical arm 60 is fixedly connected with the end adapter 80 .
  • the tip adapter 80 is used to mount surgical tools.
  • the surgical tools include scalpels, drills, or other surgical tools.
  • the robotic arm 60 drives the end adapter 80 to move linearly along the first axis 100 from the first positioning point 210 to the second positioning point 220 , the robotic arm 60 changes to different configurations. shape.
  • the relative positions of the various components are different in different configurations.
  • the planned path of the robotic arm 60 includes a plurality of the robotic arm configurations.
  • the distance between the second positioning point 220 and the first cranial entry point 121 is a safe distance.
  • the tip adapter 80 moves along the first axis 100, the tip adapter 80 does not hold a surgical tool.
  • the surgical tool is an electric drill, the drill bit of the electric drill has a certain length.
  • a safe distance is set in order to avoid the drill bit touching the skull after installation. After the robotic arm 60 drives the end adapter 80 to reach the second positioning point 220 , it cannot move closer to the first cranial entry point 121 .
  • control method before the step S100, the control method further includes:
  • the default is that the distance between the current position of the end adapter 80 and the first positioning point 210 is the maximum moving distance. That is, the end adapter 80 can only move away from the first cranial entry point 121 along the first axis 100 .
  • the purpose of setting the maximum moving distance is to adapt to the length of different surgical tools and ensure the safety of operation.
  • S200 Determine whether the planned path of the robotic arm 60 is singular. That is, it is judged whether there is any singularity in the configurations of a plurality of the manipulators.
  • the robotic arm 60 includes a first member, a second member and a third member.
  • the first member and the second member are connected by a first joint.
  • the second member and the third member are connected by a second joint.
  • the speed of the first member at the first joint is equal in magnitude and opposite to the speed of the third member at the second joint.
  • the velocities at both ends of the second member are the same in magnitude and opposite in direction.
  • the second member cannot move.
  • the configuration of the robotic arm is singular.
  • the matrix has singularity. If the configuration of the robotic arm is singular, the speed of the joint points cannot be accurately controlled.
  • the control signal may be a force signal applied by a person on the robotic arm 60 or the end adapter 80, or may be an electrical signal applied by an external control device.
  • the control signal may be subjected to compensation processing. Affected by the position of the signal acquisition device and the influence of the intermediate device, the control signal collected by the signal acquisition device needs to be compensated to eliminate the influence of environmental factors or other devices on the control signal, and to improve the end adapter 80 Control precision.
  • the S400 Convert the control signal into a speed signal.
  • the S400 is a speed control method.
  • the compensated control signal may be converted into a velocity signal.
  • the surgical robot control method enables the robotic arm 60 and the end adapter 80 to move only in the direction of approaching the first target point 131 or moving away from the first target point 131 along the first axis 100, and does not allow any movement.
  • the end adapter 80 moves in the other direction.
  • the surgical robot control method can improve the positioning accuracy of the surgical tool reaching the first cranial entry point 121 .
  • the robotic arm 60 drives the end adapter 80 to move away from the first target point 131 , a larger operating space can be provided for the surgical tool to be mounted on the end adapter 80 .
  • the robotic arm 60 drives the end adapter 80 to move between the first positioning point 210 and the second positioning point 220 .
  • the end adapter 80 drills the skull, it will not drill too deep and damage the cortical tissue.
  • the surgical robot control method provided by the embodiment of the present application judges the singularity of the planned path, and adopts a speed control method to control the movement of the robotic arm 60 under the condition that no singularity occurs.
  • the speed control method enables the robotic arm 60 and the end adapter 80 to move at a corresponding speed under the control of a speed signal.
  • the speed control method makes the movement of the robot arm 60 and the end adapter 80 smoother.
  • the surgical robot control method further includes:
  • the S210 further includes the step of performing compensation processing on the control signal.
  • S220 Convert the control signal into a joint point signal.
  • the S220 further includes converting the compensated control signal into a joint point signal
  • control method before the step S220, the control method further includes:
  • control signal includes an operating force signal applied to the end adaptor 80 .
  • step S300 includes the step of performing compensation processing on the control signal.
  • the step of performing compensation processing on the control signal in the step S300 includes:
  • Compensation processing is performed on the operating force signal to eliminate the influence of the environment and other devices.
  • the signal acquisition device is a signal sensing device 70 .
  • the signal sensing device 70 is fixed to the end of the mechanical arm 60 .
  • the end adapter 80 is fixedly installed on the side of the signal sensing device 70 away from the end of the mechanical arm 60 .
  • the end adapter 80 and the signal sensing device 70 are connected through a second connecting member 400 .
  • the signal sensing device 70 is connected with the end of the mechanical arm 60 through a first connecting member 300 .
  • the signal sensing device 70 , the end adapter 80 , the first connector 300 and the second connector 400 all have weights.
  • the weight will have a component on the first axis 100, which affects the accuracy of the operating force signal. Therefore, the operating force signal needs to be compensated to eliminate the effect of the weight of the signal sensing device 70 , the end adapter 80 , the first connecting piece 300 and the second connecting piece 400 on the operating force influence of the signal.
  • the steps of S400 include:
  • Projecting the first velocity onto the first shaft 100 results in a second velocity to move the tip adapter 80 on the first shaft 100 at the second velocity.
  • the first velocity is a velocity in a Cartesian coordinate system.
  • the first velocity includes components in three-axis directions.
  • the first axis 100 is the Z axis in the Cartesian coordinate system.
  • the steps of S500 include:
  • S510 Acquire position information of the end adapter 80, and perform collision detection on the robotic arm 60 according to the position information of the end adapter 80 and the second speed.
  • S510 and S520 prevent the mechanical arm 60 from colliding with other objects in the process of driving the end adapter 80 to move, thereby improving the safety of the surgical robot.
  • control signal further includes a stepping signal.
  • surgical robot control method further includes:
  • S4011 Determine whether the operating force signal is greater than a first preset value and the pedaling signal is at a high level, and if the operating force signal is greater than the first preset value and the pedaling signal is at a high level , the step of performing compensation processing on the operating force signal is performed.
  • F in FIG. 13 represents the operating force signal.
  • the surgical robot control method before the step S4011, the surgical robot control method further includes:
  • the distance between the end adapter 80 and the second positioning point 220 is smaller than the second preset value.
  • the operating force signal is used to move the end adapter 80 away from the second positioning point 220, the end adapter 80 is far from the first positioning point 210, and the end adapter 80 is controlled by a speed control method. Movement is not dangerous.
  • S in FIG. 13 represents the distance between the end adapter 80 and the second positioning point 220 .
  • the distance between the end adapter 80 and the second positioning point 220 is less than the second preset value
  • the operating force signal is greater than the first preset value
  • the pedaling When the signal is at a high level, if the direction of the operating force signal is toward the second positioning point 220 , the end adapter 80 is controlled to move to the second positioning point 220 .
  • the displacement control method is used to directly control the end adaptor 80 to move to the The second positioning point 220 improves security.
  • control signal includes an operating force signal acting on the end adapter 80
  • step of performing compensation processing on the control signal in step S210 includes:
  • control method of the robot system further includes:
  • the path planning of the robotic arm 60 includes a plurality of the robotic arm configurations.
  • Each of the robot arm configurations corresponds to a set of joint point information.
  • a plurality of the robot arm configurations correspond to a plurality of sets of the joint point information.
  • the line segment between the first anchor point 210 and the second anchor point 220 of the first axis 100 is divided into multiple parts of the movement of the end adapter 80 in the joint space by an interpolation method. a joint point.
  • the pieces of joint point information moved by the end adapter 80 are in one-to-one correspondence with the sets of joint point information of the robotic arm 60 . That is, each time the end adapter 80 moves to a joint point, the mechanical arm 60 changes one configuration of the mechanical arm.
  • the steps of S230 include:
  • the position information of the end adapter 80 and the joint point signal are acquired.
  • the joint point information to be moved of the robotic arm 60 under the action of the operation force signal is obtained.
  • the robotic arm 60 is controlled to move according to the joint point information required to move, and the end adapter 80 is driven to move linearly along the first axis 100 .
  • the configuration of the manipulator and the joint point information corresponding to the configuration of the manipulator can be obtained. Then, through the joint point information corresponding to the current configuration of the robot arm and the operation force signal after the compensation processing, the configuration of the robot arm and the robot arm that need to be changed by the operation force signal of the robot arm 60 can be calculated. The joint point information corresponding to the configuration. By solving the joint point information and controlling the movement of the end adapter 80 by using the method of the joint point position, the movement position of the end adapter 80 is more accurate.
  • the surgical robot control method After the step of controlling the robotic arm 60 to move according to the joint point information required to move, and driving the end adapter 80 to move linearly along the first axis 100, the surgical robot control method also includes:
  • the number of joint points traversed by the end adapter 80 is calculated.
  • the number of joint points that the end adaptor 80 passes through corresponds to the position where the end adaptor 80 is located.
  • Calculating the number of joint points passed by the end adapter 80 is to obtain the current position information of the end adapter 80 .
  • n is the total number of the joint points.
  • the number of joint points experienced by the end adapter 80 is less than the total number of joint points, that is, the end adapter 80 is not at the second positioning point 220 .
  • the surgical robot control method further includes:
  • the step of judging whether the operation force signal and the stepping signal reach a preset condition at the same time avoids no signal input and misoperation.
  • the signal sensing device 70 is connected to the end adapter 80 through the second connector 400 .
  • the signal sensing device 70 is connected to the end of the robotic arm 60 through the first connecting member 300 .
  • the tip adapter 80 is used to connect with a surgical tool.
  • the surgical robot control method further includes:
  • the control signal is filtered to eliminate the influence of noise.
  • the mass and centroid of the signal sensing device 70 , the end adapter 80 , the first connector 300 and the second connector 400 are collected.
  • the step of compensating the control signal includes:
  • the control signal is compensated according to the mass and centroid of the signal sensing device 70 , the end adapter 80 , the first connecting piece 300 and the second connecting piece 400 .
  • the force vector in the coordinates of the signal sensing device 70 needs to be converted into the force vector in the coordinates of the end adapter 80 through the transformation matrix.
  • the surgical robot control method further includes:
  • the end adapter 80 is controlled to move to the first axis 100 perpendicular to the first axis 100 to ensure that the distance between the end adapter 80 and the first axis 100 is the shortest.
  • adding the step S600 can ensure that the position of the end tool is always on the planned path, and the moving direction is always on the planned direction.
  • the robotic arm stops moving, and the step S600 can make the end adaptor always on the first axis 100, that is, the end adaptor is always on the planned path, which can ensure the accuracy of the operation (position and direction).
  • the tip adapter 80 if the force exerted on the tip adapter 80 is zero, the tip adapter is locked to ensure the safety of the procedure.
  • the position control method is also applicable to the situation where no singularity occurs in the planned path of the robotic arm 60 .
  • the surgical robot control method further includes:
  • the surgical robot control method further includes:
  • the end adapter 80 is controlled to move to the first positioning point 210 in a cooperative or automatic manner.
  • a speed control method is used to make the robotic arm 60 drive the end adapter 80 to the first positioning point
  • the step of linear movement between 210 and the second positioning point 220 along the first axis 100 includes:
  • a control signal is collected, and compensation processing is performed on the control signal.
  • Step S400 is performed, so that the robotic arm 60 drives the end adapter 80 to move linearly along the first axis 100 between the first positioning point 210 and the second positioning point 220 .
  • the position and speed of the robot arm 60 are corrected to move the end adapter 80 to the first axis 100 .
  • the direction of the second velocity of the joint point of the robot arm 60 is changed by solving the pseudo-inverse matrix of Jacobian, and the velocity of the joint point of the robot arm 60 is limited.
  • step S500 is also performed.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a computer device including a memory and a processor.
  • the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method described in any of the foregoing embodiments are implemented.
  • the computer device provided by the embodiments of the present application restricts the linear movement of the end adapter 80 along the first axis 100 between the first positioning point 210 and the second positioning point 220, thereby reducing the amount of the end adapter
  • the calculation of the other two degrees of freedom during the 80 movement process reduces the amount of calculation and improves the work efficiency of the robot.
  • the computer device uses a speed control method to control the movement of the robotic arm 60 by judging the singularity of the planned path under the condition that no singularity occurs.
  • the speed control method enables the robotic arm 60 and the end adapter 80 to move at a corresponding speed under the control of a speed signal.
  • the computer device adopts the speed control method to make the movement of the robotic arm 60 and the end adapter 80 smoother.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a surgical robot system 50, including a robotic arm 60, a signal sensing device 70, an end adapter 80, and a control device.
  • the signal sensing device 70 is fixed to the end of the mechanical arm 60 .
  • the end adapter 80 is fixedly mounted on the signal sensing device 70 .
  • the end adapter 80 is used to install surgical tools and receive control signals.
  • the control device includes a memory and a processor.
  • the memory stores a computer program. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method described in any of the above embodiments are implemented.
  • the surgical robot system 50 restricts the linear movement of the end adapter 80 along the first axis 100 between the first positioning point 210 and the second positioning point 220, thereby reducing the movement of the end adapter 80.
  • the calculation of the other two degrees of freedom reduces the amount of calculation and improves the work efficiency of the robot.
  • the surgical robot system 50 uses a speed control method to control the movement of the robotic arm 60 by judging the singularity of the planned path under the condition that no singularity occurs.
  • the speed control method enables the robotic arm 60 and the end adapter 80 to move at a corresponding speed under the control of a speed signal.
  • the surgical robot system 50 adopts the speed control method to make the movement of the robotic arm 60 and the end adapter 80 smoother.
  • the surgical robot system 50 further includes a first connector 300 and a second connector 400 .
  • the first connecting member 300 is connected between the signal sensing device 70 and the end adapter 80 to facilitate the disassembly and replacement of the end adapter 80 .
  • the second connecting member 400 is connected to the end adapter 80 and the end of the mechanical arm 60 to facilitate the disassembly and replacement of the signal sensing device 70 .
  • the surgical robotic system 50 further includes an optical monitoring device 110 .
  • the optical monitoring device 110 includes an optical element 116 and a detector 117 .
  • the optical element 116 is disposed on the end adapter 80, and the optical element 116 is used to generate an optical signal.
  • the detector 117 is electrically connected to the detector 117 .
  • the detector 117 is configured to receive the light signal, detect the position information of the end adapter 80 through the light signal, and then output the position information to the control device.
  • the surgical plan includes multiple puncture routes.
  • Each puncture path includes information such as the target point of the puncture path, the location of the cranial entry point, the diameter of the path, or the length of the instrument.
  • the target is set at the location of the lesion.
  • the cranial entry point is set on the surface of the patient's skull.
  • the puncture path is also referred to as the path of the needle track.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling the end adapter 80 of the robotic arm 60 , including:
  • the first path 111 is acquired.
  • the first path 111 passes through the second target point 132 and the second cranial entry point 122 , and the tip adapter 80 is located at the third anchor point 330 .
  • the first path 111 passes through the third anchor point 330 , the second cranial entry point 122 and the second target point 132 in sequence.
  • S2000 Acquire a position command, and control the end adapter 80 to move along a first plane or a first spherical surface where the third positioning point 330 is located according to the position command, and the first plane is perpendicular to the first path 111.
  • the method for controlling the end adapter 80 of the robotic arm 60 controls the end adapter 80 to move along the first plane or the first spherical surface where the third positioning point 330 is located according to the position command, and the The first plane is perpendicular to the first path 111, which reduces the freedom of movement of the end adapter 80, avoids remodeling, data acquisition and path planning, and saves time. Even if the position of the target point changes many times, a new puncture path can be obtained quickly, which improves the operation efficiency.
  • the position command includes mode information, distance information, direction information or step size information, and the like.
  • the step of controlling the end adapter 80 to move along the first plane where the third positioning point 330 is located according to the position command include:
  • the control method of the end adapter 80 of the robotic arm 60 provided in the embodiment of the present application is by locating the position of the third target point 133 , and obtaining the position parallel to the target point 133 according to the position information of the third target point 133 and the first path 111
  • the second path 112 of the first path 111 avoids remodeling, data collection and path planning, and saves time. Even if the position of the target point changes many times, a new puncture path can be obtained quickly, which improves the operation efficiency.
  • the position information of the third target point 133 may include moving direction information or target position information and the like.
  • the second target 132 is the original target.
  • the second cranial entry point 122 is the original cranial entry point.
  • the third target 133 is a new target corrected based on the original target.
  • the fourth cranial entry point 124 is a new cranial entry point after the original cranial entry point is corrected.
  • the first path 111 is the original puncturing path.
  • the second path 112 is a new puncture path.
  • the tip adapter 80 is used to mount surgical tools.
  • the surgical tools include scalpels, drills, or other surgical tools.
  • the end adaptor 80 is moved to the third positioning point 330 manually or automatically.
  • the step of obtaining the second path 112 passing through the third target point 133 according to the position information of the third target point 133 and the first path 111 in the step S2100 includes:
  • the straight line is the straight line where the second path 112 is located.
  • the end adapter 80 can be moved to the straight line along a straight line or a curve.
  • the method for controlling the end adapter 80 of the robotic arm 60 further includes:
  • the safety distance is the minimum distance between the end adapter 80 and the fourth cranial entry point 124 .
  • the end adapter 80 is controlled to be locked.
  • the surgical instrument is an electric drill. After the end adapter 80 is installed with the electric drill, the end adapter 80 is controlled to drive the electric drill to make a hole at the fourth cranial entry point 124 .
  • the step of driving the end adapter 80 to move to the fourth positioning point 440 includes:
  • the end adapter 80 is driven to move to the fourth positioning point 440 perpendicular to the first path 111 .
  • the distance from the vertical movement of the end adapter 80 to the fourth positioning point 440 is the shortest, which shortens the time for surgical preparation and improves the work efficiency.
  • control method further includes:
  • the end adapter 80 is controlled to move along the second path 112 .
  • the method for controlling the end adapter 80 of the robotic arm 60 further includes:
  • the maximum allowable distance Lmax is the maximum displacement that allows the end adapter 80 to move perpendicular to the first path 111 .
  • the distance traveled by the end adapter 80 is the radial distance between the position of the end adapter 80 and the third positioning point 330 .
  • the end adapter 80 is controlled to move along a straight line perpendicular to the first path 111 , the movement range of the end adapter 80 is the third positioning point 330 as the center point, and the The maximum allowable distance Lmax is a circular area of radius.
  • the plane on which the circular area is located is perpendicular to the first path 111 .
  • the point on the edge of the circular area is the first limit point 113 .
  • the distance between the first limit point 113 and the third positioning point 330 is the maximum allowable distance Lmax. That is, the end adapter 80 can only move in the circular area.
  • the projection area of the circular area toward the patient's skull is an area that allows correction of the cranial entry point.
  • the maximum allowable distance Lmax is related to the position of the original target and the structural tissue near the original target.
  • a projection area of the circular area corresponding to the maximum allowable distance Lmax projected onto the patient's head is a safe area. Doctors drill holes in the skull or remove lesions in a safe area with little or no damage to other brain tissue.
  • the maximum allowable distance Lmax is generally small.
  • the maximum allowable distance Lmax is between 5mm and 10mm.
  • the end adaptor 80 is manually operated by a technician, but only allows the end adaptor 80 to move perpendicular to the first path 111 .
  • the end adapter 80 can be manually moved by a technician within the circular area at will.
  • the step of driving the end adapter 80 to move to the fourth positioning point 440 perpendicular to the first path 111 includes:
  • the control method of the end adapter 80 of the robotic arm 60 adopts a step-by-step movement method to control the movement of the end adapter 80, so as to accurately obtain the position information of the end adapter 80 by recording the number of steps, reduce information delay, and improve safety .
  • the first step length is smaller than the maximum allowable distance Lmax.
  • the first step length is between 0.1 mm and 1 mm.
  • the method for controlling the end adapter 80 of the robotic arm 60 further includes:
  • the end adapter 80 when the difference between the maximum allowable distance Lmax and the separation distance is less than the first step and greater than the second step, the end adapter 80 is controlled to step by the second step mobile.
  • the second step size is smaller than the first step size.
  • the step of preventing the end adapter 80 from moving away from the third anchor point 330 is performed when the difference between the maximum allowable distance Lmax and the separation distance is smaller than the second step size.
  • the step range of the end adaptor 80 can be increased, so as to obtain a larger correction space for the cranial entry point and the target point.
  • the movement mode of the end adapter 80 is the plane fine-tuning mode.
  • the end adapter 80 moves vertically to the fourth positioning point 440 , and then moves along the second path 112 parallel to the first path 111 . Both the cranial entry point and the target point were corrected.
  • the step of acquiring the first path 111 before the step of acquiring the first path 111, it further includes:
  • the end adapter 80 takes the third target point 133 as the center of the sphere and makes an arc-shaped movement with the distance between the third target point 133 and the fourth positioning point 440 as the radius, then the end adapter 80
  • the range of motion in the spherical fine-tuning mode is a partial sphere.
  • the center of the spherical surface is the third target point 133 .
  • the radius of the spherical surface is the distance between the third target point 133 and the fourth positioning point 440 .
  • the connection between the third target point 133 and the fifth cranial entry point 125 is the third path 115 .
  • the intersection of the third path 115 and the patient's skull is the puncture target.
  • the puncture target is recorded as the fifth cranial entry point 125 .
  • control method further includes: controlling the end adaptor 80 to move along the second path 112 for a distance, Then switch the sports mode to spherical fine-tuning mode sports.
  • the position of the cranial entry point can be changed, and the important brain tissue between the cranial entry point and the target point can be selectively avoided, so as to improve the safety of the operation.
  • the method for controlling the end adapter 80 of the robotic arm 60 further includes:
  • the maximum allowable arc length Lmax is the maximum displacement of the arc movement with the third target point 133 as the center and the distance between the third target point 133 and the fourth positioning point 440 as the radius. .
  • the arc length between the fourth anchor point 440 and the sixth anchor point 460 is the maximum allowable arc length Lmax.
  • the maximum allowable arc length Lmax is related to the location of the original target and the structure of the brain.
  • control of the end adapter 80 takes the third target point 133 as the center of the sphere, and takes the distance between the third target point 133 and the fourth positioning point 440 as the radius
  • the arcuate movement to move the end adapter 80 to the sixth anchor point 460 includes:
  • the end adapter 80 is controlled to move stepwise to the sixth positioning point 460 with the first arc length.
  • the control method of the end adapter 80 of the robotic arm 60 adopts a step-by-step movement method to control the end adapter 80 so as to accurately obtain the position information of the end adapter 80 by recording the number of steps, reduce information delay, and improve safety.
  • control method of the end adapter 80 of the robotic arm 60 further includes:
  • the end adapter 80 is controlled to adjust to the second arc length Step-by-step movement.
  • the second arc length is smaller than the first arc length.
  • the step of preventing the end adapter 80 from moving away from the fourth positioning point 440 is performed.
  • the step range of the end adaptor 80 can be increased, so as to obtain a larger correction space for the cranial entry point.
  • the method for controlling the end adapter 80 of the robotic arm 60 further includes:
  • the end adapter 80 is controlled to reset to the third positioning point 330 to avoid re-planning of the route due to operation errors.
  • the end adapter 80 is controlled along the third positioning point 330 according to the position command.
  • the step of moving on the first spherical surface includes:
  • the control method of the end adapter 80 of the robotic arm 60 provided in the embodiment of the present application is by locating the positions of the third cranial entry point 123 and the second target point 132, and using the second target point 132 as a ball
  • the distance between the second target point 132 and the fifth positioning point 450 is used as the radius to make an arc motion to obtain a new puncture path.
  • the control method of the end adapter 80 of the robotic arm 60 avoids re-modeling, data acquisition and path planning, and saves time. Even if the position of the target point changes many times, a new puncture path can be obtained quickly, which improves the operation efficiency.
  • the method for controlling the end adapter 80 of the robotic arm 60 further includes:
  • the maximum allowable arc length Lmax is the maximum displacement of the arc movement with the second target point 132 as the center and the distance between the second target point 132 and the third positioning point 330 as the radius. .
  • the point on the edge of the arc away from the third positioning point 330 with the distance between the second target point 132 and the third positioning point 330 as the radius with the maximum displacement of the arc-shaped movement is the first Two limit points 114.
  • the arc length between the third positioning point 330 and the second limit point 114 is the maximum allowable arc length Lmax.
  • the maximum allowable arc length Lmax is related to the location of the original target and the structure of the brain.
  • control of the end adapter 80 takes the second target point 132 as the center of the sphere, and takes the distance between the second target point 132 and the third positioning point 330 as the radius
  • the arcuate movement to move the end adapter 80 to the fifth anchor point 450 includes:
  • the end adapter 80 is controlled to move stepwise to the fifth positioning point 450 with the first arc length.
  • control method further includes:
  • the end adapter 80 is controlled to move toward the second target point 132 .
  • the control method of the end adapter 80 of the robotic arm 60 adopts a step-by-step movement method to control the end adapter 80 so as to accurately obtain the position information of the end adapter 80 by recording the number of steps, reduce information delay, and improve safety.
  • control method for the end adapter 80 of the robotic arm 60 further includes:
  • the method for controlling the end adapter 80 of the robotic arm 60 further includes:
  • the end adapter 80 is controlled to move stepwise with the second arc length.
  • the second arc length is smaller than the first arc length.
  • the step of preventing the end adapter 80 from moving away from the third positioning point 330 is performed.
  • the step range of the end adaptor 80 can be increased, so as to obtain a larger space for correction of the cranial entry point.
  • the end adapter 80 is controlled to step by the second arc length forward movement
  • the step of preventing the end adapter 80 from moving away from the third positioning point 330 is performed; the second arc The length is less than the first arc length.
  • spherical mode you can also set any point as the target point, control the end adapter 80 to take the target point as the center of the sphere, and take the distance from a point on the end adapter 80 to the target point as the radius, and perform the operation on the spherical surface. sports.
  • the target point can be set as the cranial entry point, the target point or any other point.
  • the end adapter 80 can be defined by itself.
  • the technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described. However, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of these technical features, All should be regarded as the scope described in this specification.

Abstract

本申请提供一种手术机器人控制方法、计算机设备及手术机器人系统,所述手术机器人控制方法,包括:接收用户需求,产生交互控制命令;根据所述交互控制命令产生运动控制命令;以及控制机械臂末端执行所述运动控制命令,所述运动控制命令包括控制所述机械臂末端按照多种运动模式执行动作。所述手术机器人控制方法可以通过所述运动控制命令控制所述机械臂末端按照多种运动模式执行动作,实现多种临床应用场景下的不同运动方案,在任何应用场景下可通过交互控制命令实现控制所述机械臂末端在多种运动模式之间的灵活切换。

Description

手术机器人控制方法、计算机设备及手术机器人系统
相关申请
本申请要求2020年9月25日申请的,申请号为2020110246268,名称为“机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法”、2021年4月30日申请的,申请号为2021104838338,名称为“手术机器人控制系统、控制方法”,以及2020年9月25日申请的,申请号为2020110269753,名称为“手术机器人控制方法、计算机设备及手术机器人系统”的中国专利申请的优先权,在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉医疗技术领域,特别是涉及一种手术机器人控制方法、计算机设备及手术机器人系统。
背景技术
利用手术机器人辅助手术,能够提高手术的效率和手术的质量。手术机器人包括控制系统、机械臂、地刹、脚踏或摄像装置等硬件设备。其中机械臂、地刹、脚踏或摄像装置分别与控制系统连接。控制系统和机械臂内部包括有多种控制逻辑运算系统。传统手术机器人的控制逻辑运算系统的运算逻辑不够清晰,控制系统操纵的机械臂的操作不够灵活,并且安全性较差。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中超构表面的加入会引起人体产热大幅度增加,带来安全问题,而提供一种磁场增强组件和磁场增强器件。
本申请提供一种手术机器人控制方法,包括:
接收用户需求,产生交互控制命令;
根据所述交互控制命令产生运动控制命令;以及
控制机械臂末端执行所述运动控制命令,所述运动控制命令包括控制所述机械臂末端按照多种运动模式执行动作。
一种手术机器人控制系统,包括:
主控模块,用于产生运动控制命令;
交互模块,与所述主控模块信息交互,用于接收用户需求,产生交互控制命令,并发送给所述主控模块;
多个运动模块,与所述主控模块信息交互,用于执行所述运动控制命令。
一种手术机器人控制方法,包括:
获取机械臂末端固定的末端适配器在第一定位点的位置信息和第二定位点的位置信息,并根据第一定位点的位置信息和第二定位点的位置信息得到所述末端适配器沿第一轴从所述第一定位点到所述第二定位点运动时对应的所述机械臂的规划路径,所述第一轴顺次穿过所述第一定位点、所述第二定位点、第一入颅点和第一靶点,所述末端适配器用于夹持手术器件。
判断所述机械臂的规划路径是否发生奇异性。
如果所述机械臂的规划路径不发生奇异性,则采集控制信号。
将所述控制信号转换为速度信号。
根据所述速度信号控制所述机械臂运动,使所述机械臂带动所述末端适配器在所述第第一定位点和所述第二定位点之间沿所述第一轴直线运动。
一种计算机设备,包括存储器和处理器。所述存储器存储有计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现上述任意实施例所述的方法的步骤。
一种手术机器人系统,包括机械臂、信号传感装置、末端适配器和控制装置。所述信号传感装置固定于所述机械臂的末端。所述末端适配器固定安装于所述信号传感装置。所述末端适配器用于安装手术器具,并接收控制信号。所述控制装置包括存储器和处理器。所述存储器存储有计算机程序。所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现上述任意实施例所述的方法的步骤。
一种机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法,包括:
获取第一路径。所述第一路径穿过第二靶点和第二入颅点,且所述末端适配器位于第三定位点。所述第一路径顺次穿过所述第三定位点、第二入颅点和第二靶点。
获取位置命令,并根据所述位置命令控制所述末端适配器沿所述第三定位点所在的第一平面或第一球面移动,且所述第一平面垂直于所述第一路径。
一种手术机器人系统,包括机械臂和控制装置。所述机械臂所述机械臂包括末端适配器。所述控制装置包括存储器和处理器。所述存储器存储有计算机程序。所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如上述任一个实施例所述的方法的步骤。
一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序。所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上述任一个实施例所述的方法的步骤。
本申请涉及一种手术机器人控制系统、控制方法。所述手术机器人控制方法,包括:接收用户需求,产生交互控制命令;根据所述交互控制命令产生运动控制命令;以及控制机械臂末端执行所述运动控制命令,所述运动控制命令包括控制所述机械臂末端按照多种运动模式执行动作。所述手术机器人控制方法可以通过所述运动控制命令控制所述机械臂末端按照多种运动模式执行动作,实现多种临床应用场景下的不同运动方案,在任何应用场景下可通过交互控制命令实现控制所述机械臂末端在多种运动模式之间的灵活切换。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据公开的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一个实施例中提供的手术机器人控制系统的示意图;
图2为本申请一个实施例中提供的运动模块的示意图;
图3为本申请一个实施例中提供的交互模块的示意图;
图4为本申请一个实施例中提供的不同运动模块之间切换的示意图;
图5为本申请一个实施例中提供的手术机器人控制系统的示意图;
图6为本申请一个实施例中提供的手术机器人控制系统的示意图;
图7为本申请一个实施例中提供的所述多个运动模块的主界面显示图;
图8为本申请一个实施例中提供的所述轴向运动模块的界面显示图;
图9为本申请一个实施例中提供的所述微调运动模块中平面微调的界面显示图;
图10为本申请一个实施例中提供的所述微调运动模块中球面微调的界面显示图。
图11为本申请一个实施例中提供的所述手术机器人控制方法的流程示意图;
图12为本申请一个实施例中提供的所述手术机器人系统的结构示意图;
图13为本申请一个实施例中提供的所述手术机器人控制方法的流程示意图;
图14为本申请一个实施例中提供的所述速度控制方法的流程示意图。
图15为本申请一个实施例中提供的机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法的流程图;
图16为本申请一个实施例中提供的所述机械臂的末端适配器的平面模式示意图;
图17为本申请一个实施例中提供的机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法的流程图;
图18为本申请一个实施例中提供的机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法的流程图;
图19为本申请一个实施例中提供的机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法的流程图;
图20为本申请一个实施例中提供的机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法的流程图;
图21为本申请一个实施例中提供的所述机械臂的末端适配器的平面模式切换至球面模式示意图;
图22为本申请一个实施例中提供的机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法的流程图;
图23为本申请一个实施例中提供的机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法的流程图;
图24为本申请一个实施例中提供的机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法的流程图;
图25为本申请一个实施例中提供的所述机械臂的末端适配器的球面模式示意图;
图26为本申请一个实施例中提供的机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法的流程图;
图27为本申请一个实施例中提供的机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法的流程图。
图中:
手术机器人控制系统100、主控模块10、交互模块20、自循环交互装置21、自主交互装置22、预定义运动交互装置23、单向切换装置24、运动模块30、自由运动模块31、自主运动模块32、轴向运动模块33、微调运动模块34、球面运动模块35、安全防控系统40、急停装置41、安全边界运算装置42、障碍物碰撞规避装置43、轨迹联锁装置44、手术机器人系统50、信号传感装置70、
第一连接件300、末端适配器80、第二连接件400、
第一入颅点121、第二入颅点122、第三入颅点123、第四入颅点124、第五入颅点125、
第一靶点131、第二靶点132、第三靶点133、
第一轴100、光学监测装置110、光学元件116、检测器117、机械臂60、第一路径111、第一极限点113、第二路径112、第二极限点114、第三路径115、最大允许距离Lmax、最大允许弧长Lmax、
第一定位点210、第二定位点220、第三定位点330、第四定位点440、第五定位点450、第六定位点460
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本申请,下面将参照相关附图对本申请进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本申请的较佳实施方式。但是,本申请可以以许多不同的形式来实现,并不限于本文所描述的实施方式。相反地,提供这些实施方式的目的是使对本申请的公开内容理解的更加透彻全面。
需要说明的是,当元件被称为“固定于”另一个元件,它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件,它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的,并不表示是唯一的实施方式。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的,不是旨在于限制本申请。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
本申请中所述“第一”、“第二”不代表具体的数量及顺序,仅仅是用于名称的区分。
请参阅图1,图1为本申请提供一种手术机器人控制系统100。所述手术机器人控制系统100包括:主控模块10、交互模块20和多个运动模块30。
所述主控模块10用于产生运动控制命令。所述主控模块10可以包括计算机主机以及计算机主机内存储的计算机程序。
所述交互模块20与所述主控模块10信息交互。所述交互模块20用于接收所述主控模块10的运动控制命令并根据用户需求产生交互控制命令。这里的用户需求可以为控制机械臂向某个方向移动某个距离,或者是控制机械臂末端进入某一精密区域内。
所述多个运动模块30与所述主控模块10信息交互。所述多个运动模块30用于执行所述运动控制命令。并且所述多个运动模块30与所述交互模块20信息交互,即所述多个运动模块30与所述交互模块20在逻辑上是互联的。类似于,用户通过所述交互模块20点击所述多个运动模块30中的某一种运动模块。该命令传递到所述主控模块10,所述主控模块10中的控制软件产生该某一种运动模块需要的相关运动控制命令,然后发给所述多个运动模块30,由机械臂及机械臂控制系统执行对应的运动模式。所述多个运动模块30之间可以相互切换。所述多个运动模块30之间切换可以指挥机械臂或者机械臂末端更加安全、灵活的运动。
本实施例中提供的所述手术机器人控制系统100可以通过所述交互模块20调配或者切换所述多个运动模块20的运动模式,实现在任何应用场景下可灵活切换运动模式、安全可靠的机械臂实时运动功能。另外本实施例中的所述手术机器人控制系统100可以应用于灵活可靠安全的多模式机械臂运动模块级方案,不仅仅适用于立体定向手术机器人中,还可以用于类似关节置换、骨创伤治疗等骨科或脊柱类 的基于六自由度机械臂或基于七自由度机械臂的手术机器人中。
请参阅图2,图2为本申请一个实施例中提供的所述运动模块30的示意图。在一个实施例中所述多个运动模块30包括:自由运动模块31、自主运动模块32、轴向运动模块33、调整运动模块。
所述自由运动模块31分别与所述主控模块10和所述交互模块20信息交互。所述自由运动模块31用于控制机械臂末端进行自由运动。在所述自由运动模块31中,用户手动拖动机械臂末端进行自由运动,即用户可以控制在机械臂自身运动空间内随意运动。具体的,所述自由运动模块31可以由用户在任意机械臂可动的条件下手动拖动机械臂末端进行任意轨迹的运动。一般的在机械臂末端可以设计一个方便用户握持的握持部。握持部附近可进行前、后、左、右、上、下的平移运动,还可以进行逆时针、顺时针等转动,以及转动和平移运动合成的运动。具体实现时,用户通过所述主控模块10指示进入所述自由运动模块31的工作状态。即用户在所述主控模块10的操作界面上点击了“自由运动”的按钮,即可进入所述自由运动模块31进行工作。
从实现层,所述主控模块10接受来自用户的输入:进入所述自由运动模块31,然后将自由运动模式的参数和机械臂解锁命令发给所述自由运动模块31。所述自由运动模块31接收到上述两项参数,同时判断与末端六自由度力传感器的通信和数据读取是否正常(自由运动模式是一种力控模式,前提条件是,末端六自由度力传感器工作正常)。如果正常,则将自由运动模式的参数和根据六自由度力传感器获取的实时外部力信息计算出的机械臂关节运动所需的点发送给底层控制硬件(可以是机械臂控制柜),底层控制硬件在监测到脚踏使能信号有效时,则根据外部拖动力信息执行自由运动模式。
所述自主运动模块32分别与所述主控模块10和所述交互模块20信息交互。所述自主运动模块32用于根据所述主控模块10规划出的路径点进行自主运动。无用户手动干预,用于将机械臂末端从当前位置自动运行到预定义的手术目标点,进而实现手术器械的定位定向功能。所述自主运动模块32是指机器人/机械臂可以自主避开障碍物的主动运动模块。
具体实现时,所述主控模块10自行判断,是否已完成空间注册过程,并且空间注册结果得到确认,通过工作流来保证。所述主控模块10需要给所述自主运动模块32路径规划算法下发待规划的路径信息(初始点和终点)。所述自主运动模块32根据路径信息进行路径规划,规划成功后,将轨迹点下发给底层控制硬件(机械臂控制柜)。底层控制硬件等待脚踏被踩下,机械臂按照规划好的路径点来执行,直到运动到最终的目标点。
所述轴向运动模块33分别与所述主控模块10和所述交互模块20信息交互。所述轴向运动模块33用于控制机械臂末端沿着预定义的轴向运动。在用户手动拖动下,机械臂末端只能沿手术器械深度穿刺方向进行单方向运动,而不能沿其他方向运动或者转动。用于在手术过程中,机械臂完成自动运动定位后,医生需要手动调节手术器械离目标靶点的距离,而不需要影响到姿态,从而实现更精准的定向功能。
具体实现时,所述主控模块10自行判断,是否已完成空间注册过程,并且空间注册结果得到确认,通过工作流来保证。
所述主控模块10自行判断,是否已完成一条路径执行的过程,并且该条路径已运行到位。由于所述轴向运动模块33与所述自主运动模块32耦合到一起,即轴向运动模式只有在某一条路径完成了自主运动并且到位后才能使能,否则一直处于非使能状态,即用户无法主动出发轴向运动模式。
所述轴向运动模块33接受到轴向模式参数后,检查与六自由度力传感器的工作情况(轴向模式也是基于六自由度力传感器的力控模式),如正常,则根据轴向运动算法来计算轴向运动的机械臂运动点,并下发给底层控制硬件。底层控制硬件接收到轴向模式参数和机械臂待运动点后,在脚踏的控制下,执行轴向运动。
所述微调运动模块34分别与所述主控模块10和所述交互模块20信息交互。所述微调运动模块34用于控制机械臂末端沿着预定义的平面中固定的方向平移预定的距离。不需要用户手动拖动,即可根据预定义的运动参数完成的自动运动。结合临床应用场景,可分为平面微调和球面微调。其中,平面微调是指沿着机械臂末端工具某个端面的前、后、左、右四个方向的等间隔或者设定间隔的步进运动,也可再扩展4个对角线方向等8个方向的运动。球面微调是指以目标点为中心,在半径不变的球面上沿前、后、左、右四个方向的等弧度运动。平面微调模式和球面微调模式是指在特定平面或球面上步进微小位移。而球面模式是指人协作机械臂在特定区域内运动不允许超出区域(如圆锥体内)且工具中心点保持不 变。具体的,所述微调运动模块34可以提供微调步长,微调距离,微调方向等参数。
具体实现时,所述主控模块10自行判断,是否已完成空间注册过程,并且空间注册结果得到确认,通过工作流来保证。所述主控模块10自行判断,是否已完成一条路径执行的过程,并且该条路径已运行到位。与自主运动模式耦合到一起,即微调运动模式只有在某一条路径完成了自主运动并且到位后才能使能,否则一直处于非使能状态,即用户无法主动出发微调运动模式。
所述调整运动模块,分别与所述主控模块10和所述交互模块20信息交互,用于控制机械臂末端进行轴向运动之前的最后调整。在一个实施例中,所述调整运动模块包括微调运动模块34和/或球面运动模块35。在其他实施例中,所述调整运动模块还可以包括其他类型的不规则微调运动模块。
所述微调运动模块34接受到模式参数(微调模式)和微调距离以及微调方向等参数后,根据微调运动算法来计算微调运动的机械臂运动点,并下发给底层控制硬件。底层控制硬件接收到模式参数(微调模式)和机械臂待运动点后,在脚踏的控制下,执行微调运动。
所述球面运动模块35分别与所述主控模块10和所述交互模块20信息交互。所述球面运动模块35用于控制机械臂末端沿预定义的球面运动。与上述球面微调运动模式类似,区别在于球面运动是有用户手动拖动的球面限制运动,面对不同的应用场景。
具体实现时,上述主控模块10自行判断,是否已完成空间注册过程,并且空间注册结果得到确认,通过工作流来保证。所述主控模块10自行判断,是否已完成一条路径执行的过程,并且该条路径已运行到位。与自主运动模式耦合到一起,即球面运动模式只有在某一条路径完成了自主运动并且到位后才能使能,否则一直处于非使能状态,即用户无法主动出发球面运动模式。
所述球面运动模块35接受到球面模式参数和球面距离以及球面方向等参数后,根据球面运动算法来计算球面运动的机械臂运动点,并下发给底层控制硬件。底层控制硬件接收到球面模式参数和机械臂待运动点后,在脚踏的控制下,执行球面运动。
本申请中提供的所述手术机器人控制系统100可以使得立体定向手术机器人满足多种临床应用场景下的运动方案。具体的,在采用基于六自由度或七自由度机械臂的手术机器人,实现脊柱类疾病的治疗过程中,可以由所述自由运动模块31转至所述轴向运动模块33当机械臂末端运动到定位点1之后,可以切换至所述微调运动模块34慢慢移动至定位点2,再按照手术方案实施具体的手术步骤。这里定位点2比定位点1更靠近患处。
请参阅图3和图4,图3为本申请一个实施例中提供的所述交互模块20的示意图。图4为本申请一个实施例中提供的不同的所述运动模块30之间切换的示意图。所述多个运动模块30中的不同的运动模块之间可根据实际的临床应用场景灵活切换,不同的运动模块之间灵活切换的逻辑图为图4。
在一个实施例中,所述交互模块20包括自循环交互装置21。
所述自循环交互装置21分别与所述多个运动模块30中的每一种运动模块信息交互。所述自循环交互装置21用于控制所述多个运动模块30中的每一种运动模块多次往复执行。本实施例中,每种运动模块在被选中之后,可多次往复执行,如图4中的①。
在一个实施例中,所述交互模块20还包括自主交互装置22。
所述自主交互装置22分别与所述多个运动模块30中的每一种运动模块信息交互。所述自主交互装置22用于控制所述自主运动模块32与所述自由运动模块31、所述轴向运动模块33、所述微调运动模块34和所述球面运动模块35之间的交互执行,如图4中的②。
在一个实施例中,所述交互模块20还包括预定义运动交互装置23。
所述预定义运动交互装置23分别与所述轴向运动模块33、所述微调运动模块34和所述球面运动模块35信息交互。所述预定义运动交互装置23用于控制所述轴向运动模块33与所述微调运动模块34之间的双向交互、所述轴向运动模块33与所述球面运动模块35之间的双向交互、以及所述微调运动模块34和所述球面运动模块35之间的双向交互如图4中的③。
在一个实施例中,所述交互模块20还包括单向切换装置24。
所述单向切换装置24分别与所述自由运动模块31、所述轴向运动模块33、所述微调运动模块34和所述球面运动模块35信息交互。所述单向切换装置24用于控制所述轴向运动模块33、所述微调运动模块34和所述球面运动模块35分别向所述自由运动模块31单向切换,如图4中的④。
因为所述多个运动模块30在实际运行中,需要按照所述自主运动模块完成了某条路径的执行之后,才能切换到所述轴向运动模块33、所述微调运动模块34和所述球面运动模块35。因此,在临床应用场景中,所述轴向运动模块33、所述微调运动模块34和所述球面运动模块35分别向所述自由运动模块31切换时均为单向切换。
请参阅图5,图5为本申请一个实施例中提供的手术机器人控制系统100的示意图。在一个实施例中,所述手术机器人控制系统100还包括安全防控系统40。所述安全防控系统40与所述主控模块10信息交互,并与所述多个运动模块30中的每一种运动模块信息交互。所述安全防控系统40用于实现所述手术机器人控制系统100的安全防控。
本实施例中,提供的所述手术机器人控制系统100包括:所述主控模块10、所述交互模块20、所述多个运动模块30和所述安全防控系统40。本实施例中所述手术机器人控制系统100中包括了用于实现所述手术机器人控制系统100安全防控的所述安全防控系统40。所述手术机器人控制系统100在通过所述交互模块20调配或者切换所述多个运动模块20的运动模式时,实现在任何应用场景下可灵活切换运动模式、安全可靠的机械臂实时运动功能。另外本实施例中的所述手术机器人控制系统100可以应用于灵活可靠安全的多模式机械臂运动模块级方案,不仅仅适用于立体定向手术机器人中,还可以用于类似关节置换、骨创伤治疗等骨科或脊柱类的基于六自由度机械臂或基于七自由度机械臂的手术机器人中。
本申请实施例中提供的所述手术机器人控制系统100从临床场景出发,定义了多种运动模块30。每种运动模块30均有对应的安全设计考虑。用户在使用所述手术机器人控制系统100时,仅考虑实际的临床应用,而不用过多的关注安全方面设计,因为相关的安全设计完全由所述手术机器人控制系统100来完成。同时,结合实际的临床应用场景,各运动模式间可灵活切换,扩展了立体定向手术机器人应用场景下的可用性和安全性设计,进一步降低医生用户对系统操作经验的依赖。
请参阅图6,图6为本申请一个实施例中提供的所述手术机器人控制系统100的示意图。手术机器人的机械臂在运动过程中,引入的主要安全风险是可能会意外碰撞到患者头部,碰撞到推车本身。因此,本申请提供的所述手术机器人控制系统100根据已经识别出的安全风险,提供以下相应的安全设计方案:
在一个实施例中,所述安全防控系统40包括急停装置41。
所述急停装置41与所述多个运动模块30中的每一种运动模块信息交互。所述急停装置41用于当用户判断机械臂的运动存在安全风险时,用户通过所述急停装置41停止机械臂继续运动。具体的,所述急停装置41可以是与机械臂信息交互的脚踏。常规的在手术机器人运行过程中,在用户踩住脚踏的条件下才能触发各种不同的所述运动模块30。当用户判断机械臂的运动存在安全风险时,用户可以第一时间松开脚踏停止机械臂的所有运动。在一个实施例中,所述自由运动模块31、所述自主运动模块32、所述轴向运动模块33、所述微调运动模块34和所述球面运动模块35在启动运行时均需要在用户持续踩着脚踏的条件下才能完成响应的运动过程。
在一个实施例中,所述安全防控系统40还包括安全边界运算装置42。
所述安全边界运算装置42分别与所述自由运动模块31、所述轴向运动模块33以及所述球面运动模块35信息交互。所述安全边界运算装置42用于根据机械臂的实际运动轨迹与预定义的安全边界实时对比,当发现所述实际运行轨迹即将达到所述安全边界时,警告用户存在安全风险。
本实施例中,针对所述自由运动模块31、所述轴向运动模块33以及所述球面运动模块35等的手动拖动运动,所述主控模块10无法预先知道所有的运动轨迹,但可根据实际运动轨迹跟预先定义的安全边界实时对比。当所述主控模块10发现实际运动轨迹即将达到安全边界时,可通过警告或者语音等提示用户。再达到安全边界时,所述主控模块10可以控制所述安全边界运算装置42停止机械臂的运动,避免造成进一步的安全风险。需要注意的是,只有当警告被用户确认时,才可能在用户拖动的情况下机械臂往安全边界范围内运动。针对所述轴向运动模块33,还需要根据手术器械的长度及适配器的长度,定义在深度方向上的安全边界,以确保在轴向运动模式下,用户在手动拖动下,保证器械或者适配器末端不碰撞到患者头部。
在一个实施例中,所述安全防控系统40还包括障碍物碰撞规避装置43。
所述障碍物碰撞规避装置43与所述自主运动模块32信息交互。所述障碍物碰撞规避装置43用于根据系统硬件模型及未知的患者头部模型生成障碍物简化模型,当所述主控模块10规划出所述自主运动模块32的路径点时,所述障碍物碰撞规避装置43生成可避开所述障碍物简化模型的规避路线。针对所述自主运动模块32这种可以预先规划路径轨迹的情形,系统在规划路径时,在获取推车模型,患者头部模型及其他器械工具模型前提下,避开会碰撞的情形,提前规避碰撞干涉。
所述障碍物简化模型可以简化为以下三类的组合。第一类模型是系统推车、器械工具或者推车上可能被碰到的部件模型。此类模型在完成机械设计后,就已经固化,可以通过专用软件导出,并声称网格文件,用于在路径规划时进行碰撞检测。第二类模型是未知的患者头部模型,此类模型可以通过术前放射学影像CT扫描后获取,最终传递给下位机的碰撞检测算法执行碰撞检测。第三类模型是未知的众多的第三方固定头部的头架模型,此类模型可以通过在已获取的患者头部模型和已知的系统用于固定患者头部的机械组件模型的基础上,向外部扩充一个大概20mm-60mm的一个包围盒模型,即机械臂的任意部分都不能进入这个包围盒之内。
在一个实施例中,所述安全防控系统40还包括轨迹联锁装置44。
所述轨迹联锁装置44与所述多个运动模块30中的每一种运动模块信息交互。所述轨迹联锁装置44用于实时监测机械臂的运动轨迹,当发现机械臂的实际运动轨迹与计划运动轨迹偏差超过预设偏差时,警告用户或者直接禁止机械臂运动。具体的,当发现实际的路径轨迹与计划的路径轨迹偏差较大时,提前警告或者禁止机械臂运动。这里的偏差较大可以理解为机械臂的实际运动轨迹与计划运动轨迹偏差超过预设偏差。因为实际运动轨迹与规划运动轨迹相差较大(比如欧式距离超过1cm),肯定存在某些不可预知的异常,导致最终碰撞的可能性增大,因此可提前规避。
在本申请另外的实施例中所述手术机器人控制系统100还包括:速度选择装置,锁定和解锁装置,运动使能装置,自动归位装置。所述速度选择装置可以对所述运动模块30中不同的运动状态设置不同的运动速度。所述锁定和解锁装置可以对所述运动模块30中不同的运动状态进行锁控。所述运动使能装置可以对所述运动模块30中不同的运动状态进行急停处理。所述自动归位装置可以控制所述运动模块30从不同的运动状态回归到初始位置。
本申请还提供一种手术机器人控制方法,包括:
接收用户需求,产生交互控制命令。本步骤中,可以采用上述所述交互模块20接收用户需求,产生交互控制命令。
根据所述交互控制命令产生运动控制命令。本步骤中,可以采用上述所述主控模块10产生运动控制命令。
控制机械臂末端执行所述运动控制命令,所述运动控制命令包括控制所述机械臂末端按照多种运动模式执行动作。本步骤中,可以采用上述所述多个运动模块30来分别执行所述多种运动模式。
本实施例中,所述手术机器人控制方法可以实现多种临床应用场景下的不同运动方案,在任何应用场景下可通过接收用户需求,产生交互控制命令;根据所述交互控制命令产生运动控制命令;控制机械臂末端执行所述运动控制命令,所述运动控制命令包括控制所述机械臂末端按照多种运动模式执行动作。从而使得所述手术机器人控制方法可以实现所述多个运动模式之间的灵活切换。具体的,在采用基于七自由度力传感器的机械臂的手术机器人,实现脊柱类疾病的治疗过程中,可以由自由运动模式转至轴向运动模式。当机械臂末端运动到定位点1之后,可以切换至微调运动模式慢慢移动至定位点2,再按照手术方案实施具体的手术步骤。这里定位点2比定位点1更靠近患处。
在一个实施例中,所述控制机械臂末端执行所述运动控制命令,所述运动控制命令包括控制所述机械臂末端按照多种运动模式执行动作的步骤中,所述多种运动模式包括:自由运动模式、自主运动模式、轴向运动模式、微调运动模式以及球面运动模式。其中,在所述自由运动模式下可以控制机械臂末端进行自由运动。在所述自主运动模式下,可以根据所述主控模块10规划出的路径点进行自主运动。在所述轴向运动模式下,可以控制所述机械臂末端沿着预定义的轴向运动。在所述微调运动模式下可以控制所述机械臂末端沿着预定义的面中固定的方向移动预定的距离。在所述球面运动模式下,可以控制机械臂末端沿预定义的球面运动。
在一个实施例中,所述运动控制命令包括以下四种控制命令中的任意一种或多种:
控制所述多种运动模式中每一种运动模式多次往复执行;
控制所述自主运动模式与所述自由运动模式、所述轴向运动模式、所述微调运动模式和所述球面运动模式之间的交互执行;
控制所述轴向运动模式与所述微调运动模式之间的双向交互执行、所述轴向运动模式与所述球面运动模式之间的双向交互执行、以及所述微调运动模式和所述球面运动模式之间的双向交互执行;或者
控制所述轴向运动模式、所述微调运动模式和所述球面运动模式分别向所述自由运动模式单向切换执行。
本实施例中,可以参考不同的运动模式之间灵活切换的逻辑图,其中图4展示了所述多个运动模式中的不同的运动系统之间可根据实际的临床应用场景灵活切换。
在一个实施例中,所述机器人控制方法,还包括:与所述多种运动模式中的至少一种运动模式信息交互,实现对手术机器人控制系统的安全防控。
本实施例中,增加了安全防控的步骤,使得所述机器人控制方法可以实现在任何应用场景下可灵活切换运动模式、安全可靠的机械臂实时运动功能。另外本实施例中的所述手术机器人控制方法,控制策略灵活可靠、安全性高的多模式机械臂运动系统及方案,不仅仅适用于立体定向手术机器人中,还可以用于类似关节置换、骨创伤治疗等骨科或脊柱类的基于六自由度力传感器的机械臂或基于七自由度力传感器的机械臂的手术机器人中。
在一个实施例中,所述实现对手术机器人控制系统的安全防控的步骤,包括采用以下步骤中的任意一个或多个实现对手术机器人的安全防控:
对所述机械臂实施急停控制、向用户发出存在安全风险的警告、生成所述机械臂的自动规避路线以及禁止所述机械臂运动。
具体的,对所述机械臂实施急停控制可以是:当用户判断机械臂的运动存在安全风险时,用户可以通过所述急停装置41停止机械臂继续运动。
向用户发出存在安全风险的警告可以是:根据机械臂的实际运动轨迹与预定义的安全边界实时对比,当发现所述实际运行轨迹即将达到所述安全边界时,警告用户存在安全风险。
生成所述机械臂的自动规避路线可以是:根据系统硬件模型及未知的患者头部模型生成障碍物简化模型,当所述主控模块10规划出所述自主运动模块32的路径点时,所述障碍物碰撞规避装置43生成可避开所述障碍物简化模型的规避路线。
禁止所述机械臂运动可以是:实时监测机械臂的运动轨迹,当发现机械臂的实际运动轨迹与计划运动轨迹偏差超过预设偏差时,警告用户或者直接禁止机械臂运动。
本申请还提供一种手术机器人,包括上述任一个实施例中所述的手术机器人控制系统100、机械臂、地刹、脚踏和摄像装置等其他硬件设备。
请参阅图7,图7为本申请一个实施例中所述多个运动模块30在所述主控模块10中的主界面显示图。以下本申请还提供了所述轴向运动模块33和微调运动模块34这两种运动模块在所述主控模块10中的界面显示图,以分别展示两种运动模块的操作过程。
请参阅图8,图8为本申请一个实施例中所述轴向运动模块33的界面显示图,其界面操作方法如下:
确定定位点1为靶点距离,由术前规划完成。踩住脚踏(启动机械臂运动),采用所述自由运动模块31、所述自主运动模块32或者所述自由运动模块31与所述自主运动模块32的组合运动模块将机械臂运动至定位点1。
在所述主控模块10可以显示多类信息,包括图像信息、固定数据信息、实时数据信息以及操作信息。其中图像信息又可以显示一幅图像,也可以同时显示多幅图像。固定数据信息与实时数据信息可以在图像信息上直接显示,也可以有单独的显示区域进行显示。操作信息可以用于用户输入信息,可以直接在图像信息上进行显示,也可以有单独的显示区域进行显示。
在一个具体的实施例中,从所述主控模块10的主页面选择“轴向模式”,系统进入“轴向模式”的子页面。当需要用户手动调节末端器械轴向位置时,图像信息显示区会根据末端器械与头颅的位置进行全局实时动态显示。如图8所示,所述轴向运动模块33的运动模式界面包含两个图像信息,分别为实 时显示全局图和实时显示放大图。上述两个图像信息用于显示整体位置关系,其中人头部为扫描的CT图像,机械臂、器械和人手为其STL数据格式模型或预设3D数据格式模型。当需要用户手动调节末端器械轴向位置时,图像信息显示区会根据末端器械与头颅的位置进行全局实时动态显示,显示穿刺轴线运动方向,定位点1,定位点2,当前末端工具点,入颅点,靶点等。图像信息显示区还会实时显示放大图,主要放大区域是以穿刺轴线运动方向,定位点2,当前末端工具点,入颅点。放大图可根据当前末端工具点位置进行动态调整及放大,也可用户手动调整并放大局部视图。
如图8所示,所述轴向运动模块33的运动模式界面还包含固定数据信息的显示区。在固定数据信息的显示区可以显示“入颅点坐标”、“靶点坐标”、“定位点1坐标”和“定位点2坐标”。
如图8所示,所述轴向运动模块33的运动模式界面还包含实时数据信息的显示区。比如,末端适配器受推力(N),该数据表明用户有施加在器械上的力信息;实时显示末端器械坐标系原点Q到定位点2的坐标;实时显示末端器械坐标系原点Q到入颅点的坐标;实时显示末端器械坐标系原点Q到靶点的坐标。本实例中的坐标数值均相对于靶点坐标来显示,但也可以是相对于其它坐标系来显示。坐标显示的类型包括但不限于直角坐标和球坐标形式。在实时数据信息的显示区内显示可以是包含上述全部显示内容或其中部分显示内容。
如图8所示,所述轴向运动模块33的运动模式界面还包含操作信息的显示区。用户可以自行设置轴向模式最大距离。用户也可以任意的选择“锁定机械臂”、“解锁机械臂”或者“退出轴向运动模式”。锁定机械臂可以让用户更加安全的进行其他操作而无需担心机械臂会出现其他异常运动。当用户想要轴向运动模式可进行解锁机械臂进行轴向运动或退出当前轴向运动模式等。原则上该轴向运动界面为运动模块的主界面,但该子界面仍然可包含主界面的部分功能,如用户不想要回到主界面去切换运动模式(如自主运动模式等),可直接在该子界面中切换其他运动模式。
请参阅图9和图10,图9为本申请一个实施例中所述微调运动模块34中平面微调的界面显示图。图10为本申请一个实施例中所述微调运动模块34中球面微调的界面显示图。以下以图9为例,解释所述微调运动模块34的界面操作方法:
确定定位点1为靶点距离,由术前规划完成。踩住脚踏,选择所述自主运动模块32或者所述自由运动模块31与所述自主运动模块32的组合运动模块将机械臂运动至定位点1。
在所述主控模块10的主页面选择“平面微调模式”或“球面微调模式”,系统进入“微调模式”的子页面。“微调模式”又可以选择“平面微调模式”和“球面微调模式”。如图9所示,所述微调运动模块34的运动模式界面包含图像信息、数据信息和操作信息。所述图像信息显示区包含两个,分别为实时显示全局图(视图1)和实时显示放大图(视图2)。
所述数据信息的显示区包括步进量输入区域和步进后位置显示区域,用户输入步进量、选择运动模式并解锁机械臂后可以进入微调运动。
所述数据信息的显示区还包括步进方向键,步进方向包括但不限与本实例中的界面按键形式,也可以是物理的上下左右按键或对应的语音识别等。方向示意图中实时显示当前步进后的位置相对于初始位置的坐标等,并实时显示出相对数值信息。本实例中的坐标数值均相对于初始定位点坐标来显示,但也可以是相对于其它坐标系来显示,坐标显示的类型包括但不限于直角坐标和球坐标形式等。
所述操作信息的显示区包括模式选择切换区域,可以自由切换平面微调模式或球面微调模式运动,并未可以点击初始位置点复位至初始定位的点。
所述操作信息的显示区还包括控制按键,用户使用步进模式后可以锁定机械臂,能够更加安全的进行其他手术操作。用户也可以进行多次连续步进直到想要的穿刺位置。当完成微调模式后,用户可以点击退出定向定量步进微小位移运动模式至图7的主界面。
请参见图11和图12,本申请实施例提供一种手术机器人控制方法,包括:
S100,获取机械臂末端固定的末端适配器80在第一定位点210的位姿信息和第二定位点220的位姿信息,并根据所述第一定位点210的位姿信息和所述第二定位点220的位姿信息得到所述末端适配器80沿第一轴100从所述第一定位点210到所述第二定位点220运动时对应的所述机械臂60的规划路径。所述第一轴100顺次穿过所述第一定位点210、所述第二定位点220、第一入颅点121和第一靶点131,所述末端适配器80用于夹持手术工具。
所述机械臂60包括多个构件。相邻的两个构件之间通过关节连接,以保证两个构件能够相对转动。所述机械臂60的一端固定于基座。所述机械臂60的另一端与所述末端适配器80固定连接。所述末端适配器80用于安装手术工具。所述手术工具包括手术刀、电钻或其他手术工具。
当所述机械臂60带动所述末端适配器80沿所述第一轴100从所述第一定位点210直线运动到所述第二定位点220的过程中,所述机械臂60变换不同的构形。不同构形中多个构件的相对位置不同。所述机械臂60的规划路径包括多个所述机械臂构形。
所述第二定位点220与所述第一入颅点121之间的距离为安全距离。当所述末端适配器80沿所述第一轴100移动时,所述末端适配器80并未夹持手术工具。所述手术工具为电钻时,所述电钻的钻头具有一定的长度。为了避免钻头在安装好后会触及头骨,因此设定安全距离。机械臂60带动所述末端适配器80到达所述第二定位点220后不能再靠近所述第一入颅点121运动。
在一个实施例中,在所述S100步骤之前,所述控制方法还包括:
S010,设置最大移动距离,所述最大移动距离的一个端点为所述第一定位点210,所述最大移动距离的另一端设置在所述第一定位点210和所述第二定位点220之间。所述机械臂60带动所述末端适配器80只能在最大移动距离对应的区间内移动。
在一个实施例中,如果未设置最大移动距离,则默认为当前所述末端适配器80所在的位置与所述第一定位点210之间的距离为最大移动距离。即所述末端适配器80只能沿所述第一轴100远离所述第一入颅点121移动。
设置所述最大移动距离是为了适应不同的手术工具的长度,保证操作的安全性。
S200,判断所述机械臂60的规划路径是否发生奇异性。即判断多个所述机械臂构形是否有发生奇异性。
在一个实施例中,所述机械臂60包括第一构件、第二构件和第三构件。所述第一构件与所述第二构件通过第一关节连接。所述第二构件与所述第三构件通过第二关节连接。在一个具有奇异性的所述机械臂构形中,所述第一构件在所述第一关节的速度与所述第三构件在所述第二关节的速度大小相等,方向相反。则所述第二构件两端的速度大小相同,方向相反。所述第二构件无法移动。这种情况下,所述机械臂构形发生奇异性。在用关节点的位移求导速度时,矩阵具有奇异性。如果所述机械臂构形发生奇异性,则无法准确控制关节点的速度。
S300,如果所述机械臂60的规划路径不发生奇异性,则采集控制信号。
所述控制信号可以是人施加在所述机械臂60或所述末端适配器80上的力信号,也可以是外部控制装置施加的电信号。在一个实施例中,可以对所述控制信号进行补偿处理。受到信号采集装置设置的位置和中间器件的影响,需要对信号采集装置采集到的所述控制信号进行补偿处理,以消除环境因素或其他器件对所述控制信号的影响,提高所述末端适配器80控制的精度。
S400,将所述控制信号转换为速度信号。所述S400为速度控制方法。在一个实施例中,可以将补偿处理后的所述控制信号转换为速度信号。
S500,根据所述速度信号控制所述机械臂60运动,使所述机械臂60带动所述末端适配器80在所述第一定位点210和所述第二定位点220之间沿所述第一轴100直线运动。
所述手术机器人控制方法使得机械臂60和所述末端适配器80只能沿所述第一轴100靠近所述第一靶点131方向移动或远离所述第一靶点131方向移动,不允许所述末端适配器80向其他方向移动。
当所述机械臂60带动所述末端适配器80靠近第一靶点131的方向移动时,所述手术机器人控制方法可以提高手术工具抵达第一入颅点121的定位准确度。当所述机械臂60带动所述末端适配器80远离第一靶点131的方向移动时,可以给手术工具安装于所述末端适配器80提供更大的操作空间。
所述机械臂60带动所述末端适配器80在所述第一定位点210和所述第二定位点220之间运动。当所述末端适配器80对颅骨钻孔时,不至钻入过深伤及皮层组织。
本申请实施例提供的所述手术机器人控制方法通过规划路径的奇异性判断,在不发生奇异的情况下采用速度控制方法控制所述机械臂60运动。所述速度控制方法使得所述机械臂60和所述末端适配器80的在速度信号的控制下,以相应的速度运动。相对于位置(关节点位置)控制方法,所述速度控制方法使得所述机械臂60和所述末端适配器80的运动更为顺滑。
在一个实施例中,所述S200步骤之后,所述手术机器人控制方法还包括:
S210,如果所述机械臂60的规划路径发生奇异性,则采集控制信号。
在一个实施例中,所述S210还包括对所述控制信号进行补偿处理的步骤。
S220,将所述控制信号转换为关节点信号。
在一个实施例中,所述S220还包括将补偿处理后的所述控制信号转换为关节点信号
S230,根据所述关节点信号控制所述机械臂60运动,使所述机械臂60带动所述末端适配器80在所述第一定位点210和所述第二定位点220之间沿所述第一轴100直线运动。
在所述机械臂60的规划路径发生奇异性时,存在所述机械臂构形发生奇异性的情况。这种情况下采用所述速度控制方法不便于控制关节速度,容易引发速度失控。因此,在所述机械臂60的规划路径发生奇异性时,采用位置控制方法控制所述机械臂60和所述末端适配器80的运动,提高了手术机器人的安全性。
在一个实施例中,在所述S220步骤之前,所述控制方法还包括:
进行实时碰撞检测。
在一个实施例中,所述控制信号包括作用在所述末端适配器80的操作力信号。在一个实施例中,所述S300步骤包括对所述控制信号进行补偿处理的步骤。所述S300步骤中对所述控制信号进行补偿处理的步骤包括:
对所述操作力信号进行补偿处理,以消除环境和其他器件的影响。
在一个实施例中,所述信号采集装置为信号传感装置70。所述信号传感装置70固定于所述机械臂60的末端。所述末端适配器80固定安装于所述信号传感装置70远离所述机械臂60的末端的一侧。所述末端适配器80与所述信号传感装置70之间通过第二连接件400连接。所述信号传感装置70与所述机械臂60的末端通过第一连接件300连接。
所述信号传感装置70、所述末端适配器80、所述第一连接件300和所述第二连接件400均具有重量。所述机械臂60的末端和所述末端适配器80的位姿发生变化时,重量会在所述第一轴100存在分量,影响了所述操作力信号的准确性。因此,需要对所述操作力信号进行补偿,以消除所述信号传感装置70、所述末端适配器80、所述第一连接件300和所述第二连接件400的重量对所述操作力信号的影响。
所述S400的步骤包括:
对所述补偿后的操作力信号进行变换,得到第一速度。
将所述第一速度投影到所述第一轴100,得到第二速度,以使所述末端适配器80以所述第二速度在所述第一轴100运动。
在一个实施例中,所述第一速度是在笛卡尔坐标系下的速度。所述第一速度包括三轴方向上的分量。所述第一轴100为笛卡尔坐标系下的Z轴。
所述S500的步骤包括:
S510,获取所述末端适配器80的位置信息,并根据所述末端适配器80的位置信息和所述第二速度对所述机械臂60进行碰撞检测。
S520,如果所述机械臂60未发生碰撞,则控制所述末端适配器80以所述第二速度在所述第一定位点210和所述第二定位点220之间运动。
S510和S520避免了所述机械臂60在带动所述末端适配器80运动的过程中与其他物体发生碰撞,提高所述手术机器人的安全性。
请一并参见图13,在一个实施例中,所述控制信号还包括踩踏信号,在所述对所述操作力信号进行补偿处理的步骤之前,所述手术机器人控制方法还包括:
S4011,判断所述操作力信号是否大于第一预设值,且所述踩踏信号为高电平,如果所述操作力信号大于所述第一预设值,且所述踩踏信号为高电平,则执行所述对所述操作力信号进行补偿处理的步骤。附图13中F表示所述操作力信号。
只有满足所述操作力信号大于所述第一预设值,且所述踩踏信号为高电平这两个条件时,才会执行对所述补偿后的操作力信号进行变换,得到第一速度的步骤,避免误输入信号引起的误操作。
在一个实施例中,在所述S4011步骤之前,所述手术机器人控制方法还包括:
S4010,判断所述末端适配器80距离所述第二定位点220的距离是否小于第二预设值,如果是,则在判定所述操作力信号大于所述第一预设值,且所述踩踏信号为高电平时,判断所述操作力信号的作用方向。如果所述操作力信号的方向背离所述第二定位点220,则执行获取所述末端适配器80的操作力信号,对所述操作力进行补偿的步骤。
所述末端适配器80在所述第一定位点210和所述第二定位点220之间移动,所述末端适配器80距离所述第二定位点220的距离大于所述第二预设值时,所述末端适配器80距离所述第二定位点220较远,此时采用速度控制方法可控性高,不具有危险性。
所述末端适配器80距离所述第二定位点220的距离小于所述第二预设值。所述操作力信号用于使所述末端适配器80远离所述第二定位点220移动时,所述末端适配器80距离所述第一定位点210较远,采用速度控制方法控制所述末端适配器80移动不具有危险性。附图13中S表示所述末端适配器80距离所述第二定位点220的距离。
在上一个实施例中,在所述末端适配器80距离所述第二定位点220的距离小于所述第二预设值,所述操作力信号大于所述第一预设值,且所述踩踏信号为高电平时,如果所述操作力信号的方向朝向所述第二定位点220,则控制所述末端适配器80移动至所述第二定位点220。
当所述末端适配器80距离所述第二定位点220的距离较近,采用速度控制方法不容易控制所述末端适配器80的位置时,采用位移控制方法直接控制所述末端适配器80移动至所述第二定位点220,提高安全性。
在一个实施例中,所述控制信号包括作用在所述末端适配器80的操作力信号,所述S210步骤中对所述控制信号进行补偿处理的步骤包括:
对所述操作力信号进行补偿处理。
所述S210中采集控制信号,并对所述控制信号进行补偿处理的步骤之前,所述机器人系统的控制方法还包括:
S211,根据所述机械臂60的规划路径得到所述机械臂60需要移动的多组关节点信息。
所述机械臂60的路径规划包括多个所述机械臂构形。每个所述机械臂构形对应一组所述关节点信息。多个所述机械臂构形对应多组所述关节点信息。
在一个实施例中,将所述第一轴100的所述第一定位点210和所述第二定位点220之间的线段通过插值方法划分为关节空间中的所述末端适配器80移动的多个关节点。
所述末端适配器80移动的多个关节点信息与所述机械臂60的多组所述关节点信息一一对应。即所述末端适配器80每移动至一个关节点,所述机械臂60变化一个所述机械臂构形。
S212,根据多组所述关节点信息进行机械臂60的碰撞检测,避免所述机械臂60与其他物体发生碰撞。
所述S230的步骤包括:
获取所述末端适配器80的位置信息和所述关节点信号。
根据所述末端适配器80的位置信息和所述关节点信号得到所述操作力信号作用下的所述机械臂60的需要移动的关节点信息。
控制所述机械臂60根据需要移动的关节点信息移动,并带动所述末端适配器80沿所述第一轴100直线运动。
通过所述末端适配器80的位置信息,可获得所述机械臂构形及所述机械臂构形对应的关节点信息。再通过当前所述机械臂构形对应的关节点信息和所述补偿处理后的操作力信号可以计算出机械臂60在操作力信号作用下需要变化的所述机械臂构形以及所述机械臂构形对应的关节点信息。通过对关节点信息的求解和采用关节点位置的方法控制所述末端适配器80移动,所述末端适配器80的移动位置更为精确。
在一个实施例中,在所述控制所述机械臂60根据需要移动的关节点信息移动,并带动所述末端适配器80沿所述第一轴100直线运动的步骤之后,所述手术机器人控制方法还包括:
计算所述末端适配器80历经的关节点数。所述末端适配器80历经的关节点数与所述末端适配器80所在的位置对应。
计算所述末端适配器80历经的关节点数即为获取所述末端适配器80当前的位置信息。
在附图13中i表示所述末端适配器80历经的关节点数。n为所述关节点总数。
判断所述末端适配器80历经的关节点数是否小于所述末端适配器80从所述第一定位点210移动至所述第二定位点220所需历经的关节点总数,若所述末端适配器80历经的关节点数小于所述关节点总数,则返回对所述操作力信号进行补偿处理的步骤。
所述末端适配器80历经的关节点数小于所述关节点总数,即所述末端适配器80不在所述第二定位点220。
在上一个实施例中,所述手术机器人控制方法还包括:
判断所述操作力信号是否大于第一预设值,且所述踩踏信号为高电平。若是,才返回所述控制所述机械臂60根据需要移动的关节点信息移动,并带动所述末端适配器80沿所述第一轴100直线运动的步骤。
所述手术机器人控制方法通过判断所述操作力信号和所述踩踏信号是否同时达到预设条件的步骤避免了信号无输入和误操作。
在一个实施例中,所述信号传感装置70通过所述第二连接件400与所述末端适配器80连接。所述信号传感装置70通过所述第一连接件300与所述机械臂60末端连接。所述末端适配器80用于与手术工具连接。
在S300采集控制信号的步骤之后,所述手术机器人控制方法还包括:
对所述控制信号进行滤波处理,以消除噪声影响。
采集所述信号传感装置70、所述末端适配器80、所述第一连接件300和所述第二连接件400的质量和质心。
对所述控制信号进行补偿处理的步骤包括:
根据所述信号传感装置70、所述末端适配器80、所述第一连接件300和所述第二连接件400的质量和质心对所述控制信号进行补偿处理。
由于机械臂60末端在不同姿态下,手术工具、所述第一连接件300和所述第二连接件400对末端适配器80产生的影响不相同,故需要在不同的姿态下对所述控制信号进行实时补偿,以便能够更加精确的测量所述操作力的大小。
在补偿过程后,需要将信号传感装置70坐标下的力矢量通过转换矩阵转换为末端适配器80坐标下的力矢量。
在一个实施例中,在所述S500步骤之后,所述手术机器人控制方法还包括:
S600,如果所述末端适配器80距离所述第一轴100的距离大于第三预设值,则控制所述末端适配器80移动至所述第一轴100,以保证所述末端适配器80沿所述第一轴100运动。
在一个实施例中,控制所述末端适配器80垂直于所述第一轴100移动至所述第一轴100,以保证所述末端适配器80移动至所述第一轴100的距离最短。
在速度模式下,加入所述S600步骤能够确保末端工具的位置始终在规划路径上,移动方向始终在规划的方向上。
失去外部力时,机械臂停止运动,所述S600步骤能够使所述末端适配器始终在所述第一轴100上,即所述末端适配器始终在规划路径上,这样能够保证手术精准性(位置和方向)。
在一个实施例中,如果施加在所述末端适配器80上的力为0,则锁定所述末端适配器,以保证手术的安全性。
所述位置控制方法同样适用于所述机械臂60的规划路径不发生奇异性的情况。
在一个实施例中,所述手术机器人控制方法还包括:
接收结束信号,结束控制。
在一个实施例中,所述手术机器人控制方法还包括:
通过协作或自动的方式控制所述末端适配器80移动至所述第一定位点210。
请一并参见图14,在一个实施例中,当所述机械臂60的规划路径发生奇异性时,采用速度控制方法使所述机械臂60带动所述末端适配器80在所述第一定位点210和所述第二定位点220之间沿所述第 一轴100直线运动的步骤包括:
采集控制信号,并对所述控制信号进行补偿处理。
执行S400步骤,以使所述机械臂60带动所述末端适配器80在所述第一定位点210和所述第二定位点220之间沿所述第一轴100直线运动。
当所述机械臂60运动至奇异构型时,改变所述机械臂60关节点的速度方向,并限制所述机械臂60关节点的速度大小。
当所述机械臂60离开奇异构型后,对所述机械臂60的位置和速度进行修正,以使所述末端适配器80移动至所述第一轴100。
在一个实施例中,通过求解雅克比的伪逆矩阵的方法,来改变所述机械臂60关节点的所述第二速度的方向,并限制所述机械臂60关节点的速度。
在一个实施例中,在执行S400步骤后,还要执行S500步骤。
本申请实施例提供一种计算机设备,包括存储器和处理器。所述存储器存储有计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现上述任意实施例所述的方法的步骤。本申请实施例提供的所述计算机设备通过限制所述末端适配器80在所述第一定位点210和所述第二定位点220之间沿所述第一轴100直线运动,减少所述末端适配器80运动过程中其他两个自由度的计算,减少了运算量,提高了机器人的工作效率性。
此外,所述计算机设备通过规划路径的奇异性判断,在不发生奇异的情况下采用速度控制方法控制所述机械臂60运动。所述速度控制方法使得所述机械臂60和所述末端适配器80的在速度信号的控制下,以相应的速度运动。相对于位置控制方法,所述计算机设备采用所述速度控制方法使得所述机械臂60和所述末端适配器80的运动更为顺滑。
本申请实施例提供一种手术机器人系统50,包括机械臂60、信号传感装置70、末端适配器80和控制装置。所述信号传感装置70固定于所述机械臂60的末端。所述末端适配器80固定安装于所述信号传感装置70。所述末端适配器80用于安装手术工具,并接收控制信号。所述控制装置包括存储器和处理器。所述存储器存储有计算机程序。所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现上述任意实施例所述的方法的步骤。
所述手术机器人系统50通过限制所述末端适配器80在所述第一定位点210和所述第二定位点220之间沿所述第一轴100直线运动,减少所述末端适配器80运动过程中其他两个自由度的计算,减少了运算量,提高了机器人的工作效率性。
此外,所述手术机器人系统50通过规划路径的奇异性判断,在不发生奇异的情况下采用速度控制方法控制所述机械臂60运动。所述速度控制方法使得所述机械臂60和所述末端适配器80的在速度信号的控制下,以相应的速度运动。相对于位置控制方法,所述手术机器人系统50采用所述速度控制方法使得所述机械臂60和所述末端适配器80的运动更为顺滑。
在一个实施例中,所述手术机器人系统50还包括第一连接件300和第二连接件400。所述第一连接件300连接于所述信号传感装置70和所述末端适配器80之间,方便所述末端适配器80的拆卸和更换。所述第二连接件400连接于所述末端适配器80与所述机械臂60的末端,方便所述信号传感装置70的拆卸和更换。
在一个实施例中,所述手术机器人系统50还包括光学监测装置110。所述光学监测装置110包括光学元件116和检测器117。所述光学元件116设置于所述末端适配器80,所述光学元件116用于产生光信号。所述检测器117与所述检测器117电连接。所述检测器117用于接收所述光信号,并通过所述光信号检测所述末端适配器80的位置信息,再将所述位置信息输出给所述控制装置。
在机械人辅助的手术中,医生会对患者脑部进行影像扫描。通过扫描图像,医生可以判断出病灶的相关信息。根据病灶的相关信息和患者脑部的其他信息。医生会定制手术方案。手术方案中包括多条穿刺路径。每个穿刺路径包括穿刺路径的靶点、入颅点位置、路径的直径或器械的长度等信息。所述靶点设置于病灶位置。所述入颅点设置于患者的颅骨表面。穿刺路径也称为针道的路径。在穿刺的过程中,需要机械臂60的末端适配器80先定位到所述入颅点的附近,医生再进行穿刺操作。
请参见图15和图16,本申请实施例提供一种机械臂60的末端适配器80的控制方法,包括:
S1000,获取第一路径111。所述第一路径111穿过第二靶点132和第二入颅点122,且所述末端适配器80位于第三定位点330。所述第一路径111顺次穿过所述第三定位点330、第二入颅点122和第二靶点132。
S2000,获取位置命令,并根据所述位置命令控制所述末端适配器80沿所述第三定位点330所在的第一平面或第一球面移动,且所述第一平面垂直于所述第一路径111。
本申请实施例提供的所述机械臂60的末端适配器80的控制方法根据所述位置命令控制所述末端适配器80沿所述第三定位点330所在的第一平面或第一球面移动,且所述第一平面垂直于所述第一路径111,减少了所述末端适配器80移动的自由度,避免了重新建模、数据采集和路径规划,节约到了时间。即使靶点的位置多次发生变化,也能快速得到新的穿刺路径,提高了手术效率。
所述位置命令包括模式信息、距离信息、方向信息或步长信息等。
在一个实施例中,若所述位置命令包括第三靶点133的位置信息,所述根据所述位置命令控制所述末端适配器80沿所述第三定位点330所在的第一平面移动的步骤包括:
S2100,根据所述第三靶点133的位置信息和所述第一路径111得到穿过所述第三靶点133的第二路径112。所述第二路径112平行于所述第一路径111。
S2200,驱动所述末端适配器80移动至第四定位点440。
本申请实施例提供的所述机械臂60的末端适配器80的控制方法通过定位第三靶点133位置,并根据所述第三靶点133的位置信息和所述第一路径111得到平行于所述第一路径111的所述第二路径112,避免了重新建模、数据采集和路径规划,节约到了时间。即使靶点的位置多次发生变化,也能快速得到新的穿刺路径,提高了手术效率。
所述第三靶点133的位置信息可以包括移动方向信息或目标位置信息等。
所述第二靶点132为原靶点。所述第二入颅点122为原入颅点。所述第三靶点133为基于所述原靶点修正后的新靶点。第四入颅点124为原入颅点修正后的新入颅点。所述第一路径111为原穿刺路径。所述第二路径112为新的穿刺路径。
所述末端适配器80用于安装手术工具。所述手术工具包括手术刀、电钻或其他手术工具。
所述末端适配器80通过手动或自动的方式移动至所述第三定位点330。
在所述S2100步骤中的所述根据所述第三靶点133的位置信息和所述第一路径111得到穿过所述第三靶点133的第二路径112的步骤包括:
过所述第三靶点133做平行于所述第一路径111的直线。所述直线即为所述第二路径112所在的直线。
所述末端适配器80可以沿直线或曲线移动至所述直线。
在一个实施例中,所述机械臂60的末端适配器80的控制方法还包括:
S410,获取安全距离,所述安全距离为所述末端适配器80距离所述第四入颅点124的最小距离。在所述末端适配器80距离所述第四入颅点124的距离为安全距离时,控制所述末端适配器80锁定。
在一个实施例中,所述手术器具为电钻。所述末端适配器80安装电钻后,控制所述末端适配器80带动所述电钻在所述第四入颅点124穿孔。
在一个实施例中,在所述S300步骤中所述驱动所述末端适配器80移动至第四定位点440的步骤包括:
驱动所述末端适配器80垂直于所述第一路径111移动至所述第四定位点440。所述末端适配器80垂直运动至所述第四定位点440的距离最短,缩短了手术准备的时间,提高了工作效率。
在所述驱动所述末端适配器80垂直于所述第一路径111移动至所述第四定位点440的步骤之后,所述控制方法还包括:
控制所述末端适配器80沿所述第二路径112移动。
请参见图17,在一个实施例中,在所述S2200步骤之后,所述机械臂60的末端适配器80的控制方法还包括:
S310,获取最大允许距离Lmax。
S320,在所述末端适配器80在所述第一平面内走过的距离达到所述最大允许距离Lmax时,控制 所述末端适配器80锁死。
所述最大允许距离Lmax为允许所述末端适配器80垂直于所述第一路径111移动的最大位移。所述末端适配器80走过的距离即为所述末端适配器80所在位置与所述第三定位点330之间的径距离。
在一个实施例中,控制所述末端适配器80沿垂直于所述第一路径111的直线移动,则所述末端适配器80的移动范围为以所述第三定位点330为中心点,以所述最大允许距离Lmax为半径的圆形区域。所述圆形区域所在的平面垂直于所述第一路径111。所述圆形区域边缘上的点为第一极限点113。所述第一极限点113与所述第三定位点330之间的距离即为所述最大允许距离Lmax。即所述末端适配器80仅能在所述圆形区域移动。
所述圆形区域朝向患者颅骨的投影区域为允许所述入颅点修正的区域。
所述最大允许距离Lmax与原靶点位置和原靶点附近的结构组织有关。所述最大允许距离Lmax对应的所述圆形区域向所述患者头部投影的投影区域为安全区域。医生在安全区域内对颅骨打孔或切除病灶,不会破坏其他脑内组织或破坏性很小。
所述最大允许距离Lmax一般较小。所述最大允许距离Lmax在5mm至10mm之间。
在一个实施例中,所述末端适配器80接受技师手控操作,但仅允许所述末端适配器80垂直于所述第一路径111移动。技师可手控所述末端适配器80在所述圆形区域内随意移动。
在一个实施例中,所述驱动所述末端适配器80垂直于所述第一路径111移动至所述第四定位点440的步骤包括:
所述机械臂60的末端适配器80的控制方法采用步进式移动方式控制所述末端适配器80移动,便于通过记录步数准确获取所述末端适配器80的位置信息,减少信息延后,提高安全性。
所述第一步长小于所述最大允许距离Lmax。所述第一步长在0.1mm至1mm之间。
请参见图18,在一个实施例中,在所述S300步骤之后,所述机械臂60的末端适配器80的控制方法还包括:
S310,获取最大允许距离Lmax。
S302,获取所述第三定位点330与所述第四定位点440之间的间隔距离。
S303,在所述最大允许距离Lmax与所述间隔距离之差小于所述第一步长时,阻止所述末端适配器80远离所述第三定位点330移动。即所述末端适配器80仅能朝向所述第三定位点330移动或不移动,避免所述末端适配器80超出所述最大允许距离Lmax,避免超出安全区域,伤害脑组织。
在一个实施例中,在所述最大允许距离Lmax与所述间隔距离之差小于所述第一步长且大于第二步长时,控制所述末端适配器80以所述第二步长步进式移动。所述第二步长小于所述第一步长。
在所述最大允许距离Lmax与所述间隔距离之差小于所述第二步长时,执行所述阻止所述末端适配器80远离所述第三定位点330移动的步骤。
通过将所述末端适配器80的步长调节小,可以使所述末端适配器80的步进范围增大,以争取更大的入颅点和靶点的修正空间。
在上述实施例中,所述末端适配器80的运动模式为平面微调模式。所述末端适配器80垂直移动至所述第四定位点440,再沿平行于所述第一路径111的所述第二路径112移动。入颅点和靶点均进行了修正。
请参见图19,在一个实施例中,在所述获取第一路径111的步骤前还包括:
S001,获取运动模式,如果运动模式为平面微调模式,则执行所述获取第一路径111的步骤。
请一并参见图20和图21,在一个实施例中,在所述驱动所述末端适配器80移动至第四定位点440的步骤之后,如果运动模式由平面微调模式切换至球面微调模式,则:
S2300,获取第五入颅点125的位置信息,控制所述末端适配器80以所述第三靶点133为球心,且以所述第三靶点133和所述第四定位点440之间的距离为半径做弧形运动,以使所述末端适配器80移动至第六定位点460,所述第三靶点133、第五入颅点125和所述第六定位点460顺次排列在同一条直线上。
所述末端适配器80以所述第三靶点133为球心,且以所述第三靶点133和所述第四定位点440之间的距离为半径做弧形运动,则所述末端适配器80在所述球面微调模式下的运动范围为部分球面。所 述球面的球心为所述第三靶点133。所述球面的半径为所述第三靶点133和所述第四定位点440之间的距离。
所述第三靶点133、所述第五入颅点125之间的连线即为第三路径115。所述第三路径115与患者颅骨的交点为穿刺靶点。将所述穿刺靶点记为第五入颅点125。
在一个实施例中,在所述驱动所述末端适配器80移动至第四定位点440的步骤之后,所述控制方法还包括:控制所述末端适配器80沿所述第二路径112移动一段距离,再将运动模式切换至球面微调模式运动。
通过切换运动模式,可以改变入颅点的位置,选择性的规避所述入颅点与所述靶点之间的重要脑部组织,以提高手术的安全性。
请参见图22,在一个实施例中,所述机械臂60的末端适配器80的控制方法还包括:
S2400,获取最大允许弧长Lmax。
S2500,在所述末端适配器80走过的弧长达到所述最大允许弧长Lmax时,控制所述末端适配器80锁死,以保证穿刺手术的入颅点位置的安全性。
所述最大允许弧长Lmax为以所述第三靶点133为球心,且以所述第三靶点133和所述第四定位点440之间的距离为半径做弧形运动的最大位移。
在附图21中,所述第四定位点440与所述第六定位点460之间的弧长为所述最大允许弧长Lmax。所述最大允许弧长Lmax与原靶点的位置和脑部组织结构有关。
在一个实施例中,所述控制所述末端适配器80以所述第三靶点133为球心,且以所述第三靶点133和所述第四定位点440之间的距离为半径做弧形运动,以使所述末端适配器80移动至第六定位点460的步骤包括:
控制所述末端适配器80以第一弧长步进式移动至第六定位点460。
所述机械臂60的末端适配器80的控制方法采用步进式移动方式控制所述末端适配器80便于通过记录步数准确获取所述末端适配器80的位置信息,减少信息延后,提高安全性。
请参见图23,在一个实施例中,所述机械臂60的末端适配器80的控制方法还包括:
S2400,获取最大允许弧长Lmax。
S2600,获取所述第四定位点440与所述第六定位点460之间的间隔弧长。
S2700,在所述最大允许弧长Lmax与所述间隔弧长之差小于所述第一弧长时,阻止所述末端适配器80远离所述第四定位点440移动。即所述末端适配器80仅能靠近所述第四定位点440移动或不移动,避免所述末端适配器80超出所述最大允许弧长Lmax,避免超出安全区域,伤害脑组织。
在一个实施例中,在所述最大允许弧长Lmax与所述间隔弧长之差小于所述第一弧长且大于第二弧长时,控制所述末端适配器80以所述第二弧长步进式移动。所述第二弧长小于所述第一弧长。
在所述最大允许弧长Lmax与所述间隔弧长之差小于所述第二弧长时,执行所述阻止所述末端适配器80远离所述第四定位点440移动的步骤。通过将所述末端适配器80的步进弧长调节小,可以使所述末端适配器80的步进范围增大,以争取更大的入颅点的修正空间。
在一个实施例中,所述机械臂60的末端适配器80的控制方法还包括:
控制所述末端适配器80复位至所述第三定位点330,避免操作失误导致重新规划路线。
请参见图24和图25,在一个实施例中,若所述位置命令为第三入颅点123的位置信息,则根据所述位置命令控制所述末端适配器80沿所述第三定位点330所在所述第一球面移动的步骤,包括:
S020,控制所述末端适配器80以所述第二靶点132为球心,且以所述第二靶点132和所述第三定位点330之间的距离为半径做弧形运动移动至第五定位点450。所述第二靶点132、所述第三入颅点123和所述第五定位点450顺次排列在一条直线上。
本申请实施例提供的所述机械臂60的末端适配器80的控制方法通过定位所述第三入颅点123和所述第二靶点132的位置,并以所述第二靶点132为球心,且以所述第二靶点132和所述第五定位点450之间的距离为半径做弧形运动得到新的穿刺路径。所述机械臂60的末端适配器80的控制方法避免了重新进行建模、数据采集和路径规划,节约到了时间。即使靶点的位置多次发生变化,也能快速得到新的穿刺路径,提高了手术效率。
请参见图26,在一个实施例中,在所述S020步骤之后,所述机械臂60的末端适配器80的控制方法还包括:
S030,获取最大允许弧长Lmax。
S040,在所述末端适配器80走过的弧长到达所述最大允许弧长Lmax时,控制所述末端适配器80锁死,以保证穿刺手术的入颅点位置的安全性。
所述最大允许弧长Lmax为以所述第二靶点132为球心,且以所述第二靶点132和所述第三定位点330之间的距离为半径做弧形运动的最大位移。
在附图25中,以所述第二靶点132和所述第三定位点330之间的距离为半径做弧形运动的最大位移的弧形远离第三定位点330边缘上的点为第二极限点114。所述第三定位点330与第二极限点114之间的弧长为所述最大允许弧长Lmax。所述最大允许弧长Lmax与原靶点的位置和脑部组织结构有关。
在一个实施例中,所述控制所述末端适配器80以所述第二靶点132为球心,且以所述第二靶点132和所述第三定位点330之间的距离为半径做弧形运动,以使所述末端适配器80移动至第五定位点450的步骤包括:
控制所述末端适配器80以第一弧长步进式移动至第五定位点450。
在所述末端适配器80移动至所述第五定位点450后,所述控制方法还包括:
控制所述末端适配器80朝向所述第二靶点132移动。
所述机械臂60的末端适配器80的控制方法采用步进式移动方式控制所述末端适配器80便于通过记录步数准确获取所述末端适配器80的位置信息,减少信息延后,提高安全性。
请参见图27,在一个实施例中,在所述S020步骤之后,所述机械臂60的末端适配器80的控制方法还包括:
S030,获取最大允许弧长Lmax。
S021,获取所述第三定位点330与所述第五定位点450之间的间隔弧长。
S022,在所述最大允许弧长Lmax与所述间隔弧长之差小于所述第一弧长时,阻止所述末端适配器80远离所述第三定位点330移动。即所述末端适配器80仅能靠近所第三定位点330移动或不移动,避免所述末端适配器80超出所述最大允许距离Lmax,避免超出安全区域,伤害脑组织。
在一个实施例中,所述机械臂60的末端适配器80的控制方法还包括:
在所述最大允许弧长Lmax与所述间隔弧长之差小于所述第一弧长且大于第二弧长时,控制所述末端适配器80以所述第二弧长步进式移动。所述第二弧长小于所述第一弧长。
在所述最大允许弧长Lmax与所述间隔弧长之差小于所述第二弧长时,执行所述阻止所述末端适配器80远离所述第三定位点330移动的步骤。通过将所述末端适配器80的步进弧长调节小,可以使所述末端适配器80的步进范围增大,以争取更大的入颅点修正空间。
在一个实施例中,在所述最大允许弧长与所述间隔弧长之差小于所述第一弧长且大于第二弧长时,控制所述末端适配器80以所述第二弧长步进式移动;
在所述最大允许弧长与所述间隔弧长之差小于所述第二弧长时,执行所述阻止所述末端适配器80远离所述第三定位点330移动的步骤;所述第二弧长小于所述第一弧长。通过将所述末端适配器80的步进弧长调节小,可以使所述末端适配器80的步进范围增大,以争取更大的入颅点的修正空间。
在球面模式下,也可以设置任一点为目标点,控制末端适配器80以目标点为球心,以所述末端适配器80上的一点所在位置至所述目标点的距离为半径,在球面上进行运动。
其中,目标点可以设置为入颅点、靶点或其他任一一点。
其中,所述末端适配器80一点可以自行定义。以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为 对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本申请构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此,本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种手术机器人控制方法,其特征在于,包括:
    接收用户需求,产生交互控制命令;
    根据所述交互控制命令产生运动控制命令;以及
    控制机械臂末端执行所述运动控制命令,所述运动控制命令包括控制所述机械臂末端按照多种运动模式执行动作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的手术机器人控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制机械臂末端执行所述运动控制命令,所述运动控制命令包括控制所述机械臂末端按照多种运动模式执行动作的步骤中,所述多种运动模式包括:
    自由运动模式、自主运动模式、轴向运动模式、微调运动模式以及球面运动模式;
    所述运动控制命令包括以下四种控制命令中的任意一种或多种:
    控制所述多种运动模式中每一种运动模式多次往复执行;
    控制所述自主运动模式与所述自由运动模式、所述轴向运动模式、所述微调运动模式和所述球面运动模式之间的交互执行;
    控制所述轴向运动模式与所述微调运动模式之间的双向交互执行、所述轴向运动模式与所述球面运动模式之间的双向交互执行、以及所述微调运动模式和所述球面运动模式之间的双向交互执行;
    控制所述轴向运动模式、所述微调运动模式和所述球面运动模式分别向所述自由运动模式单向切换执行。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的手术机器人控制方法,其特征在于,所述机器人控制方法,还包括:
    与所述多种运动模式中的至少一种运动模式信息交互,实现对手术机器人控制系统的安全防控;
    所述实现对手术机器人控制系统的安全防控的步骤,包括采用以下步骤中的任意一个或多个实现对手术机器人的安全防控:
    对所述机械臂实施急停控制、向用户发出存在安全风险的警告、生成所述机械臂的自动规避路线以及禁止所述机械臂运动。
  4. 一种手术机器人控制系统,其特征在于,包括:
    主控模块(10),用于产生运动控制命令;
    交互模块(20),与所述主控模块(10)信息交互,用于接收用户需求,产生交互控制命令,并发送给所述主控模块(10);
    多个运动模块(30),与所述主控模块(10)信息交互,用于执行所述运动控制命令。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的手术机器人控制系统,其特征在于,所述多个运动模块(30)包括:
    自由运动模块(31),分别与所述主控模块(10)和所述交互模块(20)信息交互,用于控制机械臂末端进行自由运动;
    自主运动模块(32),分别与所述主控模块(10)和所述交互模块(20)信息交互,用于根据所述主控模块(10)规划出的路径点进行自主运动;
    轴向运动模块(33),分别与所述主控模块(10)和所述交互模块(20)信息交互,用于控制机械臂末端沿着预定义的轴向运动;
    调整运动模块,分别与所述主控模块(10)和所述交互模块(20)信息交互,用于控制机械臂末端进行轴向运动之前的最后调整;
    所述调整运动模块包括,
    微调运动模块(34),分别与所述主控模块(10)和所述交互模块(20)信息交互,用于控制机械臂末端沿着预定义的面中固定的方向移动预定的距离;和/或,
    球面运动模块(35),分别与所述主控模块(10)和所述交互模块(20)信息交互,用于控制机械臂末端沿预定义的球面运动;
    所述交互模块(20)包括:
    自循环交互装置(21),分别与所述多个运动模块(30)中的每一种运动模块信息交互,用于控制所述多个运动模块(30)中的每一种运动模块多次往复执行,和/或
    所述交互模块(20)还包括:
    自主交互装置(22),分别与所述多个运动模块(30)中的每一种运动模块信息交互,用于控制所述自主运动模块(32)与所述自由运动模块(31)、所述轴向运动模块(33)、所述微调运动模块(34)和所述球面运动模块(35)之间的交互执行,和/或
    所述交互模块(20)还包括:
    预定义运动交互装置(23),分别与所述轴向运动模块(33)、所述微调运动模块(34)和所述球面 运动模块(35)信息交互,用于控制所述轴向运动模块(33)与所述微调运动模块(34)之间的双向交互、所述轴向运动模块(33)与所述球面运动模块(35)之间的双向交互、以及所述微调运动模块(34)和所述球面运动模块(35)之间的双向交互,和/或
    所述交互模块(20)包括:
    单向切换装置(24),分别与所述自由运动模块(31)、所述轴向运动模块(33)、所述微调运动模块(34)和所述球面运动模块(35)信息交互,用于控制所述轴向运动模块(33)、所述微调运动模块(34)和所述球面运动模块(35)分别向所述自由运动模块(31)单向切换。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的手术机器人控制系统,其特征在于,还包括:
    安全防控系统(40),与所述主控模块(10)信息交互,并与所述多个运动模块(30)中的至少一种运动模块信息交互,用于实现所述手术机器人控制系统(100)的安全防控;
    所述安全防控系统(40)包括:
    急停装置(41),与所述多个运动模块(30)中的每一种运动模块信息交互,用于当用户判断机械臂的运动存在安全风险时,用户通过所述急停装置(41)停止机械臂继续运动,和/或
    所述安全防控系统(40)还包括:
    安全边界运算装置(42),分别与所述自由运动模块(31)、所述轴向运动模块(33)以及所述球面运动模块(35)信息交互,用于根据机械臂的实际运动轨迹与预定义的安全边界实时对比,当发现所述实际运行轨迹即将达到所述安全边界时,警告用户存在安全风险,和/或
    所述安全防控系统(40)还包括:
    障碍物碰撞规避装置(43),与所述自主运动模块(32)信息交互,用于根据系统硬件模型及未知的患者头部模型生成障碍物简化模型,当所述主控模块(10)规划出所述自主运动模块(32)的路径点时,所述障碍物碰撞规避装置(43)生成可避开所述障碍物简化模型的规避路线。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的手术机器人控制系统,其特征在于,所述安全防控系统(40)还包括:
    轨迹联锁装置(44),与所述多个运动模块(30)中的每一种运动模块信息交互,用于实时监测机械臂的运动轨迹,当发现机械臂的实际运动轨迹与计划运动轨迹偏差超过预设偏差时,警告用户或者直接禁止机械臂运动。
  8. 一种手术机器人控制方法,其特征在于,包括:
    获取机械臂末端固定的末端适配器在第一定位点的位置信息和第二定位点的位置信息,并根据第一定位点的位置信息和第二定位点的位置信息得到所述末端适配器沿第一轴从所述第一定位点到所述第二定位点运动时对应的所述机械臂的规划路径,所述第一轴顺次穿过所述第一定位点、所述第二定位点、第一入颅点和第一靶点,所述末端适配器用于夹持手术器件;
    判断所述机械臂的规划路径是否发生奇异性;
    如果所述机械臂的规划路径不发生奇异性,则采集控制信号;
    将所述控制信号转换为速度信号;
    根据所述速度信号控制所述机械臂运动,使所述机械臂带动所述末端适配器在所述第一定位点和所述第二定位点之间沿所述第一轴直线运动。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的手术机器人控制方法,其特征在于,判断所述机械臂的规划路径是否发生奇异性的步骤之后,还包括:
    如果所述机械臂的规划路径发生奇异性,则:
    采集控制信号;
    将所述控制信号转换为关节点信号;
    根据所述关节点信号控制所述机械臂运动,使所述机械臂带动所述末端适配器在所述第一定位点和所述第二定位点之间沿所述第一轴直线运动。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的手术机器人控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制信号包括作用在所述末端适配器的操作力信号;
    所述将所述控制信号转换为速度信号的步骤包括:
    对所述操作力信号进行变换,得到第一速度;
    将所述第一速度投影到所述第一轴,得到第二速度;
    所述根据所述速度信号控制所述机械臂运动,使所述机械臂带动所述末端适配器在所述第一定位点和所述第二定位点之间沿所述第一轴直线运动的步骤包括:
    获取所述末端适配器的位置信息,并根据所述末端适配器的位置信息和所述第二速度对所述机械臂进行碰撞检测;
    如果所述机械臂未发生碰撞,则控制所述末端适配器以所述第二速度在所述第一定位点和所述第二定位点之间运动。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的手术机器人控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制信号还包括踩踏信号,所述手术机器人控制方法还包括:
    判断所述操作力信号是否大于第一预设值,且所述踩踏信号为高电平;
    在判断所述操作力信号是否大于第一预设值,且所述踩踏信号为高电平的步骤之前,所述手术机器人控制方法还包括:
    判断所述末端适配器距离所述第二定位点的距离是否小于第二预设值,若是,则
    在判定所述操作力信号大于所述第一预设值,且所述踩踏信号为高电平时,判断所述操作力信号的作用方向,如果所述操作力信号的方向背离所述第二定位点,则执行获取所述末端适配器的操作力信号,的步骤;
    如果所述操作力信号的方向朝向所述第二定位点,则控制所述末端适配器移动至所述第二定位点。
  12. 如权利要求9所述的手术机器人控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制信号包括作用在所述末端适配器的操作力信号,
    所述采集控制信号之前,所述手术机器人控制方法还包括:
    根据所述机械臂的规划路径得到机械臂需要移动的多组关节点信息;
    根据多组所述关节点信息进行机械臂的碰撞检测;
    所述根据所述关节点信号控制所述机械臂运动,使所述机械臂带动所述末端适配器在所述第一定位点和所述第二定位点之间沿所述第一轴直线运动的步骤包括:
    获取所述末端适配器的位置信息和操作力信号;
    根据所述末端适配器的位置信息和所述操作力信号得到所述操作力信号作用下的所述机械臂的需要移动的关节点信息;
    控制所述机械臂根据需要移动的关节点信息移动,并带动所述末端适配器沿所述第一轴直线运动;
    在获取所述末端适配器的位置信息和操作力信号的步骤之后,所述手术机器人控制方法还包括:
    计算所述末端适配器历经的关节点数;
    判断所述末端适配器历经的关节点数是否小于所述末端适配器从所述第一定位点移动至所述第二定位点所需历经的关节点总数,若所述末端适配器历经的关节点数小于所述关节点总数,则返回根据所述末端适配器的位置信息和操作力信号得到所述操作力信号作用下的所述机械臂的需要移动的关节点信息的步骤;
    所述控制信号还包括踩踏信号,所述手术机器人控制方法还包括:
    判断所述操作力信号是否大于第一预设值,且所述踩踏信号为高电平;若是,才执行所述根据所述末端适配器的位置信息和操作力信号得到所述操作力信号作用下的所述机械臂的需要移动的关节点信息的步骤。
  13. 如权利要求8所述的手术机器人控制方法,其特征在于,当所述机械臂的规划路径发生奇异性时,采集控制信号;
    将所述控制信号转换为速度信号;
    根据所述速度信号控制所述机械臂运动,以使所述机械臂带动所述末端适配器在所述第一定位点和所述第二定位点之间沿所述第一轴直线运动;
    当所述机械臂运动至奇异构型时,改变所述机械臂的关节点的速度方向,并限制所述机械臂关节点的速度大小;
    当所述机械臂离开奇异构型后,对所述机械臂的位置和速度进行修正,以使所述末端适配器移动至所述第一轴。
  14. 一种计算机设备,包括存储器和处理器,所述存储器存储有计算机程序,其特征在于,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现权利要求8至13中任一项所述的方法的步骤。
  15. 一种手术机器人系统,其特征在于,包括:
    机械臂;
    信号传感装置,固定于所述机械臂的末端;
    末端适配器,固定安装于所述信号传感装置,所述末端适配器用于安装手术工具,并接收控制信号;
    控制装置,包括存储器和处理器,所述存储器存储有计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现权利要求8至13中任一项所述的方法的步骤。
  16. 一种机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法,其特征在于,包括:
    获取第一路径,所述第一路径穿过第二靶点和第二入颅点,且所述末端适配器位于第三定位点,所述第一路径顺次穿过所述第三定位点、第二入颅点和第二靶点;
    获取位置命令,并根据所述位置命令控制所述末端适配器沿所述第三定位点所在的第一平面或第一球面移动,且所述第一平面垂直于所述第一路径。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法,其特征在于,若所述位置命令包括第三靶点的位置信息,所述根据所述位置命令控制所述末端适配器在所述第三定位点所在的第一平面移动的步骤包括:
    根据所述第三靶点的位置信息和所述第一路径得到穿过所述第三靶点的第二路径,所述第二路径平行于所述第一路径,所述第二路径与所述第一平面相交于第四定位点;
    驱动所述末端适配器移动至所述第四定位点。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法,其特征在于,所述驱动所述末端适配器移动至所述第四定位点的步骤包括:
    驱动所述末端适配器垂直于所述第一路径移动至所述第四定位点;
    在所述驱动所述末端适配器垂直于所述第一路径移动至所述第四定位点的步骤之后,所述控制方法还包括:
    控制所述末端适配器沿所述第二路径移动;
    所述控制方法还包括:
    获取最大允许距离;
    在所述末端适配器在所述第一平面内走过的距离达到所述最大允许距离时,控制所述末端适配器锁死;
    所述驱动所述末端适配器垂直于所述第一路径移动至所述第四定位点的步骤包括:
    控制所述末端适配器以第一步长步进式移动至所述第四定位点;
    所述控制方法还包括:
    获取最大允许距离;
    获取所述第三定位点与所述第四定位点之间的间隔距离;
    在所述最大允许距离与所述间隔距离之差小于所述第一步长时,阻止所述末端适配器远离所述第三定位点移动;或
    在所述最大允许距离与所述间隔距离之差小于所述第一步长且大于第二步长时,控制所述末端适配器以所述第二步长步进式移动;或
    在所述最大允许距离与所述间隔距离之差小于所述第二步长时,执行所述阻止所述末端适配器远离所述第三定位点移动的步骤;所述第二步长小于所述第一步长。
  19. 如权利要求16所述的机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法,其特征在于,若所述位置命令为第三入颅点的位置信息,则根据所述位置命令控制所述末端适配器沿所述第三定位点所在所述第一球面移动的步骤包括:
    控制所述末端适配器以所述第二靶点为球心,且以所述第二靶点和所述第三定位点之间的距离为半径做弧形运动移动至第五定位点,所述第二靶点、所述第三入颅点和所述第五定位点顺次排列在一条直线上;
    所述控制方法还包括:
    获取最大允许弧长;
    在所述末端适配器走过的弧长达到所述最大允许弧长时,控制所述末端适配器锁死;
    在所述控制所述末端适配器以所述第二靶点为球心,且以所述第二靶点和所述第三定位点之间的距离为半径做弧形运动移动至第五定位点的步骤包括:
    控制所述末端适配器以第一弧长步进式移动至所述第五定位点;
    在所述末端适配器移动至所述第五定位点后,所述控制方法还包括:
    控制所述末端适配器朝向所述第二靶点移动;
    所述控制方法还包括:
    获取最大允许弧长;
    获取所述第三定位点与所述第五定位点之间的间隔弧长;
    在所述最大允许弧长与所述间隔弧长之差小于所述第一弧长时,阻止所述末端适配器远离所述第三定位点移动;或
    在所述最大允许弧长与所述间隔弧长之差小于所述第一弧长且大于第二弧长时,控制所述末端适配器以所述第二弧长步进式移动;或
    在所述最大允许弧长与所述间隔弧长之差小于所述第二弧长时,执行所述阻止所述末端适配器远离所述第三定位点移动的步骤;所述第二弧长小于所述第一弧长。
  20. 一种手术机器人系统,其特征在于,包括:
    机械臂,所述机械臂包括末端适配器;以及
    控制装置,包括存储器和处理器,所述存储器存储有计算机程序,其特征在于,所述处理器执行所 述计算机程序时实现权利要求16至19中任一项所述的方法的步骤。
  21. 一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,其特征在于,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求16至19中任一项所述的方法的步骤。
PCT/CN2021/120212 2020-09-25 2021-09-24 手术机器人控制方法、计算机设备及手术机器人系统 WO2022063214A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US18/028,444 US20240025053A1 (en) 2020-09-25 2021-09-24 Surgical robot control method, computer device, and surgical robot system
EP21871583.7A EP4218649A1 (en) 2020-09-25 2021-09-24 Surgical robot control method, computer device, and surgical robot system

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011026975.3A CN112168352B (zh) 2020-09-25 2020-09-25 手术机器人控制方法、计算机设备及手术机器人系统
CN202011026975.3 2020-09-25
CN202011024626.8A CN112192566B (zh) 2020-09-25 2020-09-25 机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法
CN202011024626.8 2020-09-25
CN202110483833.8 2021-04-30
CN202110483833.8A CN113276111A (zh) 2021-04-30 2021-04-30 手术机器人控制系统、控制方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022063214A1 true WO2022063214A1 (zh) 2022-03-31

Family

ID=80846239

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2021/120212 WO2022063214A1 (zh) 2020-09-25 2021-09-24 手术机器人控制方法、计算机设备及手术机器人系统

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20240025053A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP4218649A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2022063214A1 (zh)

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104470456A (zh) * 2012-07-10 2015-03-25 现代重工业株式会社 手术机器人系统以及手术机器人控制方法
CN105411679A (zh) * 2015-11-23 2016-03-23 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 一种穿刺规划路径纠正方法及装置
CN108348298A (zh) * 2016-01-21 2018-07-31 奥林巴斯株式会社 医疗用机械手系统
CN109259865A (zh) * 2018-09-12 2019-01-25 大连交通大学 智能脊柱微创手术机器人
US20190133791A1 (en) * 2017-11-07 2019-05-09 Howmedica Osteonics Corp. Robotic System For Shoulder Arthroplasty Using Stemless Implant Components
CN110680475A (zh) * 2019-11-04 2020-01-14 杨俊� 一种用于脑部穿刺的微创定位仪
CN112168352A (zh) * 2020-09-25 2021-01-05 武汉联影智融医疗科技有限公司 手术机器人控制方法、计算机设备及手术机器人系统
CN112192566A (zh) * 2020-09-25 2021-01-08 武汉联影智融医疗科技有限公司 机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法
CN113276111A (zh) * 2021-04-30 2021-08-20 武汉联影智融医疗科技有限公司 手术机器人控制系统、控制方法

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104470456A (zh) * 2012-07-10 2015-03-25 现代重工业株式会社 手术机器人系统以及手术机器人控制方法
CN105411679A (zh) * 2015-11-23 2016-03-23 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 一种穿刺规划路径纠正方法及装置
CN108348298A (zh) * 2016-01-21 2018-07-31 奥林巴斯株式会社 医疗用机械手系统
US20190133791A1 (en) * 2017-11-07 2019-05-09 Howmedica Osteonics Corp. Robotic System For Shoulder Arthroplasty Using Stemless Implant Components
CN109259865A (zh) * 2018-09-12 2019-01-25 大连交通大学 智能脊柱微创手术机器人
CN110680475A (zh) * 2019-11-04 2020-01-14 杨俊� 一种用于脑部穿刺的微创定位仪
CN112168352A (zh) * 2020-09-25 2021-01-05 武汉联影智融医疗科技有限公司 手术机器人控制方法、计算机设备及手术机器人系统
CN112192566A (zh) * 2020-09-25 2021-01-08 武汉联影智融医疗科技有限公司 机械臂的末端适配器的控制方法
CN113276111A (zh) * 2021-04-30 2021-08-20 武汉联影智融医疗科技有限公司 手术机器人控制系统、控制方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4218649A1 (en) 2023-08-02
US20240025053A1 (en) 2024-01-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP6543742B2 (ja) 画像キャプチャ装置及び操作可能な装置可動アームの制御された動作の間の衝突回避
US11896318B2 (en) Methods and systems for controlling a surgical robot
US11751948B2 (en) Methods and systems for robot-assisted surgery
JP6662785B2 (ja) 撮像装置及び入力コントロールを再芯出しするためのシステム及び方法
JP7443277B2 (ja) 手術用ロボットシステムのための追跡および案内装置ならびに関連する方法
CN107198567B (zh) 用于机器人外科手术的系统和方法
CN108451643B (zh) 能够以多种模式控制外科器械的外科操纵器
KR20230129615A (ko) 기기 교란 보상을 위한 시스템 및 방법
KR20160132849A (ko) 툴 포즈를 유지하는 시스템 및 방법
CN109549706B (zh) 一种外科手术辅助系统及其使用方法
US20220401178A1 (en) Robotic surgical navigation using a proprioceptive digital surgical stereoscopic camera system
CN113276111A (zh) 手术机器人控制系统、控制方法
WO2022063214A1 (zh) 手术机器人控制方法、计算机设备及手术机器人系统
EP3700453A1 (en) System and method for repositioning input control devices
Zheng et al. Automatic Tracking Motion Based on Flexible Forbidden Virtual Fixtures Design in Robot Assisted Nasal Surgery
KR102655083B1 (ko) 브레이크 해제가 능동적으로 제어되는 의료 장치
WO2023141265A2 (en) Robotic hand-held surgical system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 21871583

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 18028444

Country of ref document: US

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2021871583

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20230425