WO2022057376A1 - 一种可持续从堆肥体系中取热的装置和方法 - Google Patents

一种可持续从堆肥体系中取热的装置和方法 Download PDF

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WO2022057376A1
WO2022057376A1 PCT/CN2021/103462 CN2021103462W WO2022057376A1 WO 2022057376 A1 WO2022057376 A1 WO 2022057376A1 CN 2021103462 W CN2021103462 W CN 2021103462W WO 2022057376 A1 WO2022057376 A1 WO 2022057376A1
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water outlet
area
water inlet
valve
heat
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PCT/CN2021/103462
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English (en)
French (fr)
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魏自民
陈晓蒙
赵越
张书博
杜壮
吴俊秋
张旭
汤晓霏
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东北农业大学
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Publication of WO2022057376A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022057376A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/60—Heating or cooling during the treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/18—Domestic hot-water supply systems using recuperated or waste heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of heating equipment, and in particular relates to a device and method for continuously extracting heat from a composting system.
  • Agricultural waste is generally divided into planting waste, breeding waste and agricultural product processing waste, such as straw, stubble weeds, livestock and poultry manure, etc. Due to the large amount of agricultural waste resources, it is difficult to deal with, and a large number of straws are burned and discarded, resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution. Therefore, how to rationally utilize agricultural waste resources and truly realize the transformation of agricultural waste from "waste" into “treasure” is of great significance to alleviating China's energy pressure, protecting the ecological environment, and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.
  • composting is an effective means of disposing of solid waste.
  • the composted product can be used as fertilizer, which is rich in nutrients and has a long and stable fertilizer effect.
  • it is conducive to promoting the formation of soil solid particle structure, which can increase soil water retention and heat preservation. , breathable, and fertilizer retention capacity.
  • Composting technology has become one of agricultural waste resource utilization technologies. This method can realize the recycling of agricultural waste, which can not only achieve good economic benefits, but also achieve clean production and prevent environmental pollution. However, the composting process generates a lot of energy, and this heat has been neglected and not used effectively.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for continuously extracting heat from a compost system, which has the characteristics of reducing resource consumption and rational utilization of resources, and realizes continuous heating and preparation of domestic hot water.
  • the invention provides a device for continuously extracting heat from a composting system.
  • An open space is divided into several areas of equal area, and each two areas are divided; the areas are used for compost fermentation to generate heat;
  • a pipeline is laid under the soil in the area; one end of the pipeline extends above the ground and is connected to the water inlet tank through the water inlet valve and the total water inlet valve in turn, and the other end of the pipeline extends above the ground through the water outlet valve and the total water inlet valve in turn.
  • the water outlet valve is communicated with the water outlet tank; the terminal of the water outlet tank is connected to the heating system; at the same time, directional water circulation is ensured between the water outlet tank and the water inlet tank;
  • the water inlet valve controls the water inlet of the pipelines in the region; the general water inlet valve controls the water inlet of all regional pipelines; the water outlet valve controls the water outlet of the regional pipelines; the general water outlet valve controls the water outlet of all regional pipelines.
  • the laying depth of the pipeline is 0.3-1 m.
  • the length of the pipeline laid under the soil in the area is 10-1000m.
  • the area of the region is 4-200 m 2 .
  • the number of the regions includes 4 to 10.
  • the device includes at least two sets of heat-generating-collecting units, and at least two sets of heat-generating-collecting units are connected in parallel;
  • Each set of heat-generating-collecting units includes at least one area for heat generation by compost fermentation and at least one conduit for heat exchange with said area;
  • a valve 1 is arranged between the pipeline and the water inlet tank, and a valve 6 is arranged between the pipeline and the water outlet tank. directional circulation of liquid flow between.
  • the present invention provides a method for continuously extracting heat from a composting system based on the device, comprising the following steps:
  • the temperature-raising period is when the temperature of the stack is ⁇ 45°C.
  • the interval for adding agricultural waste to each area is 5-7 days.
  • the mass of the agricultural waste added in each area is 8-400kg.
  • the agricultural waste is mixed with microorganisms and then fermented in an airtight manner; the inoculum amount of the microorganisms is 3% to 15%.
  • the agricultural wastes include livestock and poultry manure, crop straw, bran shell cakes or orchard residues.
  • the invention provides a device for continuously extracting heat from a composting system.
  • An open space is divided into several areas of equal area, and each two areas are divided; the areas are used for compost fermentation to generate heat;
  • a pipeline is laid under the soil in the area; one end of the pipeline extends above the ground and is connected to the water inlet tank through the water inlet valve and the total water inlet valve in turn, and the other end of the pipeline extends above the ground through the water outlet valve and the total water outlet in turn.
  • the valve is communicated with the water outlet tank; the terminal of the water outlet tank is connected to the heating system; the directional water circulation is ensured between the heating system and the water inlet tank; the water inlet valve controls the water inlet of the pipeline in the area; the general inlet The water valve controls the water inlet of all regional pipes; the water outlet valve controls the water outlet of the pipes in the region; the general water outlet valve controls the water outlet of all regional pipes.
  • the heat of composting in the area of the present invention is transferred to the water in the pipeline for energy transfer, specifically, the heat generated by composting in the area using agricultural waste is absorbed by the water in the pipeline laid below the area, and transferred to the water outlet tank for heating
  • the water inlet valve and the water outlet valve of the pipeline in this area are closed.
  • the method for continuously extracting heat from a composting system provided by the present invention can continuously supply heat for residents, reduce energy consumption, rationally utilize agricultural wastes as resources, and truly realize the transformation of agricultural wastes from "waste" into “treasure”. It is of great significance to alleviate China's energy pressure, protect the ecological environment, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.
  • the process of the method of the invention is easy to control, the heat is easy to recover, and the method is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure for sustainable heat extraction according to the present invention; 1# area 1; 2# area 2; 3# area 3; 4# area 4; 1 valve 1; 2 valve 2; 3 valve 3; 4 Valve 4; 5 Valve 5; 6 Valve 6; 7 Valve 7; 8 Valve 8; 9 Valve 9; 10 Valve 10;
  • Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of water pipes in various regions
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a small and simple device
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the composting state and specific operation in each area.
  • the present invention provides a device for continuously extracting heat from a composting system.
  • the device includes at least two sets of heat-generating-collection units, and at least two sets of heat-generating-collection units are connected in parallel; each set of heat-generating-collection units includes at least two sets of heat generating-collecting units.
  • the specific structure of the device is as follows: an open space is divided into several areas of equal area, and every two areas are divided; the area is used for compost fermentation to generate heat; the soil in the area A pipeline is laid below; one end of the pipeline extends to the top of the ground and is connected to the water inlet tank through the water inlet valve and the general water inlet valve in turn, and the other end of the pipeline extends to the top of the ground through the water outlet valve and the general water outlet valve in turn and the water outlet tank. connected; the terminal of the water outlet tank is connected to the heating system; at the same time, directional water circulation is ensured between the water outlet tank and the water inlet tank;
  • the water inlet valve controls the water inlet of the pipelines in the region; the general water inlet valve controls the water inlet of all regional pipelines; the water outlet valve controls the water outlet of the regional pipelines; the general water outlet valve controls the water outlet of all regional pipelines.
  • the area of the region is preferably 4 to 200 m 2 , and more preferably 50 to 100 m 2 .
  • the number of the regions preferably includes 4 to 10, more preferably 5 to 7.
  • the laying depth of the pipeline is preferably 0.3 to 1 m.
  • the method of pipe laying is preferably horizontal serpentine laying or vertical helical laying.
  • the length of the pipeline laid under the soil in the area is preferably 0.4 to 0.6 m.
  • the material of the pipe is not particularly limited, and a heating pipe well known in the art can be used.
  • the inner diameter of the pipe is preferably 6 to 12 cm, more preferably 8 to 10 cm.
  • a water inlet valve is installed at the water inlet of each pipe.
  • the water inlets of several pipes are collectively connected to the water outlet of the water inlet tank through the tee, and the general water inlet valve is arranged at the water outlet of the water inlet tank to control the water inlet condition of all the pipes.
  • the water outlets of several pipes are collectively connected to the water inlet of the water outlet tank through the tee, and the general water outlet valve is arranged at the water inlet of the water outlet tank to control the water outlet conditions of all the pipes.
  • the present invention when composting in the area, when the temperature of the heap is ⁇ 45°C, open the water inlet valve and water outlet valve and the total water inlet valve and the total water outlet valve of the pipeline in the corresponding area, so that when the water from the water tank flows through the area, The heat of the compost is transferred to the water outlet tank for delivery to the heating system to meet the needs of daily heating and domestic hot water; when the temperature of the compost body is lower than the threshold, the water inlet valve and water outlet valve of the pipeline in the corresponding area are closed to ensure that the water in different areas At least one zone is heated.
  • the present invention provides a method for continuously extracting heat from a composting system based on the device, comprising the following steps:
  • the temperature-raising period is when the temperature of the stack is ⁇ 45°C.
  • the method of stacking fermentation will be different in different number of areas.
  • the interval for adding agricultural waste to each area is preferably 5 to 7 d, more preferably 6 d.
  • the mass of the added agricultural waste in each area is preferably 8 to 400 kg.
  • the agricultural waste in the compost fermentation, is mixed with microorganisms and then fermented in an airtight manner; the inoculum amount of the microorganisms is preferably 3% to 15%, more preferably 8%.
  • the present invention does not have special restrictions on the types of the agricultural wastes, and the types of agricultural wastes well known in the art can be used, such as corn stover, peanut shells, corncobs, rice husks, fungus residues, livestock and poultry manure, etc.
  • the types of the microorganisms there is no particular limitation on the types of the microorganisms, and the types of microorganisms known in the art for decomposing agricultural wastes may be used.
  • cellulose-degrading bacterial agents are Streptomyces sp.FXJ3.003 (JN683658.1) H strain and Actinobacteria bacterium YWYKDS1016S (KP053722.1) strain) are used for composting fermentation.
  • a device and method for continuously extracting heat from a composting system provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 A schematic diagram of the device is shown in Figure 1.
  • the open space is divided into 4 areas, and the pipeline is laid horizontally under each area.
  • the length of the pipeline is 50m, and the buried depth of the pipeline is 0.3m.
  • rice husks are added to adjust the C/N ratio of the material to about 19.
  • the compost in area 2 just reaches the heating period or high temperature period, open valve 2 and valve 8 to transfer heat to the water in the water pipe, and supply heat to the residents.
  • Heat all other valves are closed
  • three days after the composting system in area 2 is used for heat, similarly add about 30kg of agricultural waste to area 3 for composting heat generation; when the compost temperature in area 2 is lower than 45 When the temperature is °C, close valve 2 and valve 8.
  • the compost in area 3 reaches the heating period or high temperature period, open valve 5 and valve 10 to transfer heat to the water in the water pipe, and provide heat for the residents (other valves are closed).
  • the present invention provides an improved structure of a small and simple device (see Figure 3 in the description).
  • the area of the composting system takes heat.
  • the valve position, heat extraction principle and process characteristics are consistent with the device of Example 1 ( Figure 1 and Figure 2).
  • the device is applied on 4 square meters of land, divided into 4 areas, each area is 1 square meter, the pipeline is vertically buried under the soil in a spiral shape, the burial depth is 1m, and the length of the pipeline is 10m.
  • About 8kg of agricultural waste is added to each area and circulated according to the operation process of Example 1, which can continuously supply the living water of nearby residents, and the temperature can reach above 28°C.
  • the device is convenient to take out and use, and can achieve the purpose of recycling.

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Abstract

一种可持续从堆肥体系中取热的装置和方法，包括可持续从堆肥体系中取热的装置，将空地划分为若干个区域，每两个区域之间被分割开；区域用于堆肥发酵产热；在区域的土壤下方铺设管道(12)；管道(12)一端依次通过进水阀门和总进水阀门与进水箱(13)连通，管道(12)另一端延伸依次通过出水阀门和总出水阀门与出水箱(14)连通；出水箱(14)终端连接到供热系统；同时出水箱(14)与进水箱(13)之间保证定向水循环。采用该装置的取热方法，每个区域进行间歇堆肥发酵，保证至少一个区域堆体温度≥45℃，打开相应区域阀门，同时关闭其他区域的阀门。该装置保证持续供应热量，具有较高的应用价值。同时该方法易于控制，热量易于回收，节能环保。

Description

一种可持续从堆肥体系中取热的装置和方法
本申请要求于2020年09月21日提交中国专利局的申请号为202010993143.2、发明名称为“一种可持续从堆肥体系中取热的装置和方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于取暖设备技术领域，具体涉及一种可持续从堆肥体系中取热的装置和方法。
背景技术
中国是一个农业大国，随着农业生产水平的不断提高，农业废弃物越来越多。农业废弃物一般分为种植废弃物、养殖废弃物和农产品加工废弃物等，如秸秆、残株杂草、畜禽粪便等。由于农业废弃物资源量大，处理起来较为困难，大量秸秆的焚烧、丢弃，造成资源的浪费和环境污染。因此，如何合理利用农业废弃物资源，真正实现农业废弃物变“废”为“宝”，对缓解中国能源压力、保护生态环境、促进农业的可持续发展具有重大意义。
众所周知，堆肥是一种有效处理固体废弃物的手段，堆肥后产物可作为肥料，所含营养物质丰富，且肥效长而稳定，同时有利于促进土壤固粒结构的形成，能增加土壤保水、保温、透气、保肥能力。堆肥化处理技术已成为农业废弃物资源化利用技术之一，该方法能够实现农业废弃物循环利用，既可取得良好的经济效益，又可实现清洁生产，防止环境污染。然而，堆肥过程中会产生许多能量，这些热量一直以来被忽视，得不到有效地利用。
由于能源、经济条件限制，集中供暖事业发展缓慢，农村地区更是没有供暖条件，许多家庭使用污染严重的燃煤火炉取暖。农业废弃物好氧堆肥能将有机物分解，并释放大量能量。农民可以就近回收农业废弃物，通过堆肥处理既可以无害化处理这些废弃物，使之转化为肥力很高的腐殖酸，回归农田，又可以回收废弃物中的生物质能，用于日常的采暖和生活热水的制备。这有效地解决了收集运输的高成本，减少带来的环境污染， 回收了生物质能，十分具有节能和环保意义。然而，堆肥分为升温期、高温期、降温期和腐熟期四个时期，可产热的升温期和高温期维持时间较短，所以这只能作为一个间断的产热源，不能保证持续供应热量，在实际应用中会受限。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种可持续从堆肥体系中取热的装置和方法，具有减少资源消耗和资源合理化利用的特点，实现持续采暖和制备生活热水。
本发明提供了一种可持续从堆肥体系中取热的装置，在一片空地上等面积划分为若干个区域，每两个区域之间被分割开；所述区域用于堆肥发酵产热；
所述区域的土壤下方铺设管道；所述管道的一端延伸至地面上方依次通过进水阀门和总进水阀门与进水箱连通，所述管道的另一端延伸至地面上方依次通过出水阀门和总出水阀门与出水箱连通；所述出水箱的终端连接到供热系统；同时出水箱与进水箱之间保证定向水循环；
所述进水阀门控制所在区域管道的进水；所述总进水阀门控制所有区域管道的进水；所述出水阀门控制所在区域管道的出水；所述总出水阀门控制所有区域管道的出水。
优选的，所述管道的铺设深度为0.3～1m。
优选的，所述区域的土壤下方铺设管道的长度为10～1000m。
优选的，所述区域的面积为4～200m 2。
优选的，所述区域的个数包括4～10个。
优选的，所述装置包括至少两组产热-收集单元，且至少两组产热-收集单元并联；
每组产热-收集单元包括至少一个用于堆肥发酵产热的区域和与所述区域热量交换的至少一个管道；
所述管道两端分别连通进水箱和出水箱，所述管道与进水箱之间设置有阀门1，所述管道和出水箱之间设置有阀门6，所述进水箱和出水箱之间的液体流定向循环。
本发明提供了一种基于所述装置可持续从堆肥体系中取热的方法，包括以下步骤：
向每个区域内间歇添加农业废弃物进行堆肥发酵，保证至少一个区域的堆体进入升温期，保持相应区域的出水阀门和进水阀门处于开放状态，当所述区域的堆体处于降温期、腐熟期或刚填料期，则使所述区域的出水阀门和进水阀门处于关闭状态；
所述升温期为所述堆体的温度≥45℃。
优选的，当所述区域为4个时，向每个区域添加农业废弃物的间隔时间为5～7d。
优选的，每个区域添加农业废弃物的质量为8～400kg。
优选的，所述堆肥发酵将所述农业废弃物与微生物混合后密闭发酵；所述微生物的接种量为3％～15％。
优选的，所述农业废弃物包括畜禽粪便、作物秸秆、糠壳饼麸或果园残留物。
本发明提供了一种可持续从堆肥体系中取热的装置，在一片空地上等面积划分为若干个区域，每两个区域之间被分割开；所述区域用于堆肥发酵产热；所述区域的土壤下方铺设管道；所述管道的一端延伸至地面上方依次通过进水阀门和总进水阀门与进水箱连通，所述管道的另一端延伸至地面上方依次通过出水阀门和总出水阀门与出水箱连通；所述出水箱的终端连接到供热系统；所述供热系统与进水箱之间保证定向水循环；所述进水阀门控制所在区域管道的进水；所述总进水阀门控制所有区域管道的进水；所述出水阀门控制所在区域管道的出水；所述总出水阀门控制所有区域管道的出水。本发明区域内堆肥的热量通过传递给管道中的水进行能量传递，具体为利用农业废弃物在区域内堆肥产生的热量被区域下方铺设的管道中的水吸收，并转运至出水箱进入供热系统中，当某个区域堆肥的阶段不产热或产热量较低时则关闭该区域内管道的进水阀门和出水阀门。该装置通过设置若干个堆肥区域，克服了堆肥发酵产热量间歇的问题，为供热系统提供一个连续不断的热源，保证持续供应热量，具有较高的实际应用价值。
本发明提供的可持续从堆肥体系中取热的方法，能够持续地为居民供热，减少能源消耗，合理资源化利用农业废弃物，真正实现农业废弃物变“废”为“宝”，对缓解中国能源压力、保护生态环境、促进农业的可持续发展具有重大意义。同时本发明方法过程易于控制，热量易于回收，节能环保。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述用于可持续取热的整体结构示意图；1#区域1；2#区域2；3#区域3；4#区域4；1阀门1；2阀门2；3阀门3；4阀门4；5阀门5；6阀门6；7阀门7；8阀门8；9阀门9；10阀门10；11产热-收集单元；12管道；13进水箱；14出水箱；15空地；
图2为各区域水管管道的结构示意图；
图3为小型简易装置结构示意图；
图4为各区域堆肥状态及具体操作的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种可持续从堆肥体系中取热的装置，所述装置包括至少两组产热-收集单元，且至少两组产热-收集单元并联；每组产热-收集单元包括至少一个用于堆肥发酵产热的区域和与所述区域热量交换的至少一个管道；所述管道两端分别连通进水箱和出水箱，所述管道与进水箱之间设置有阀门1，所述管道和出水箱之间设置有阀门6，所述进水箱和出水箱之间的液体流定向循环。
在本发明中，所述装置的具体结构如下：在一片空地上等面积划分为若干个区域，每两个区域之间被分割开；所述区域用于堆肥发酵产热；所述区域的土壤下方铺设管道；所述管道的一端延伸至地面上方依次通过进水阀门和总进水阀门与进水箱连通，所述管道的另一端延伸至地面上方依次通过出水阀门和总出水阀门与出水箱连通；所述出水箱的终端连接到供热系统；同时出水箱与进水箱之间保证定向水循环；
所述进水阀门控制所在区域管道的进水；所述总进水阀门控制所有区域管道的进水；所述出水阀门控制所在区域管道的出水；所述总出水阀门控制所有区域管道的出水。
在本发明中，所述区域的面积优选为4～200m 2，更优选为50～100m 2。所述区域的个数优选包括4～10个，更优选为5～7个。所述管道的铺设深度优选为0.3～1m。管道铺设的方法优选水平蛇形铺设或垂直螺旋铺设。所述区域的土壤下方铺设管道的长度优选为0.4～0.6m。所述管道的材质没有特殊限制，采用本领域所熟知的取暖管道即可。所述管道的内直径优选为6～12cm，更优选为8～10cm。
在本发明中，在每个管道的进水口安装进水阀门。若干个管道的进水口通过三通汇总连通到进水箱的出水口上，所述进水箱的出水口处设置所述总进水阀门，用于控制所有管道的进水情况。在每个管道的出水口安装出水阀门。若干个管道的出水口通过三通汇总连通到出水箱的进水口上，所述出水箱的进水口处设置所述总出水阀门，用于控制所有管道的出水情况。
在本发明中，当区域内堆肥时，堆体温度≥45℃时，打开相应区域内管道的进水阀门和出水阀门以及总进水阀门和总出水阀门，使出水箱的水流经区域时，将堆肥热量转运至出水箱输送给供热系统，满足日常取暖和生活热水的需求；当堆体的温度低于阈值时，则关闭相应区域管道的进水阀门和出水阀门，保证不同区域中至少一个区域处于供热状态。
本发明提供了一种基于所述装置可持续从堆肥体系中取热的方法，包括以下步骤：
向每个区域内间歇添加农业废弃物进行堆肥发酵，保证至少一个区域的堆体进入升温期，保持相应区域的出水阀门和进水阀门处于开放状态，当所述区域的堆体处于降温期、腐熟期或刚填料期，则使所述区域的出水阀门和进水阀门处于关闭状态；
所述升温期为所述堆体的温度≥45℃。
在本发明中，不同个数的区域，堆料发酵的方法会有所差异。当所述区域为4个时，向每个区域添加农业废弃物的间隔时间优选为5～7d，更优选为6d。每个区域添加农业废弃物的质量优选为8～400kg。
在本发明中，所述堆肥发酵将所述农业废弃物与微生物混合后密闭发酵；所述微生物的接种量优选为3％～15％，更优选为8％。本发明对所 述农业废弃物的种类没有特殊限制，采用本领域所熟知的农业废弃物的种类即可，例如玉米秸秆、花生壳、玉米芯、稻壳、菌渣、畜禽粪便等。本发明对所述微生物的种类没有特殊限制，采用本领域所熟知的分解农业废弃物的微生物种类即可。在本发明实施例中，采用纤维素降解菌剂(菌剂为Streptomyces sp.FXJ3.003(JN683658.1)H菌株和Actinobacteria bacterium YWYKDS1016S(KP053722.1)菌株)进行堆肥发酵。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的一种可持续从堆肥体系中取热的装置和方法进行详细的说明，但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
装置的示意图见图1。将空地等面积划分为4个区域，每个区域下水平蛇形铺设管道，铺设的管道的长度为50m，管道的埋藏深度为0.3m。先向4m 2区域1填加30kg左右的农业废弃物，包括畜禽粪便、作物秸秆等，为了保证堆肥的顺利进行，添加稻壳来调节物料C/N比为19左右，为了加速秸秆降解、缩短堆肥时间，以倾注培养法接种纤维素降解菌剂(菌剂为Streptomyces sp.FXJ3.003(JN683658.1)H菌株和Actinobacteria bacterium YWYKDS1016S(KP053722.1)菌株，两种菌株的菌落数比例为1:1)，并在堆肥过程中插入温度计用于实时测定堆体温度。堆肥初期，堆体温度与环境温度相近，经过中温菌1～3天的作用，堆肥温度能够逐步升高。在区域1中堆体发酵三天后，堆体产生大量热气、温度开始升高至45℃(即为升温期)，打开阀门4、阀门7为水管里的水输送热量，为居民供热(其他阀门均关闭)。堆肥高温期会维持在50～65℃，持续了六天。
据报道，国外学者E.Klejment等对小规模实验得到持续5天(≥60℃)好氧分解阶段平均产热1136KJ/kg，如果按照100kg废弃物计算，将产生113600KJ的热量，这些热量能够使至少1吨的水增温25℃，完全满足居民供水要求，而实际通过上述方法，附近居民生活用水的水温均在30℃以上。在区域1的堆肥体系用于取热的三天后，同样地向区域2填加30kg的农业废弃物用于堆肥产热，当区域1中堆肥高温期持续6天后，温度开始下降时(即为降温期)，当堆肥温度低于45℃，关闭阀门4、阀门7， 此时区域2中堆肥刚好达到升温期或高温期，打开阀门2、阀门8向水管里的水输送热量，为居民供热(其他阀门均关闭)，在区域2的堆肥体系用于取热的三天后，同样地向区域3填加30kg左右的农业废弃物用于堆肥产热；当区域2中堆肥温度低于45℃时，关闭阀门2、阀门8，此时区域3中堆肥达到升温期或高温期，打开阀门5、阀门10向水管里的水输送热量，为居民供热(其他阀门均关闭)，在区域3的堆肥体系用于取热的三天后，同样地向区域4填加30kg左右的农业废弃物用于堆肥产热；当区域3中堆肥温度低于45℃时，关闭阀门5、阀门10，此时区域4中堆体达到升温期或高温期，打开阀门3、阀门9向水管里的水输送热量，为居民供热，在区域4的堆肥体系用于取热的三天后，区域1中堆肥已经经历30天左右，堆肥基本达到腐熟(堆体颜色加深呈深褐色，且发芽率达70％以上)，继续向区域1中填加农业废弃物用于堆肥产热；当区域4中堆肥温度低于45℃时，关闭阀门3、阀门9，此时区域1中堆肥又达到升温期或高温期，打开阀门4、阀门7，在区域1的堆肥体系用于取热的三天后向区域2填加废弃物用于堆肥产热，以此循环，循环取热、循环填料，保证了持续供热，附近居民生活用水持续在30℃以上。
实施例2
在实施例1的基础上，本发明提供了一种改进的小型简易装置结构(见说明书附图3)，此装置的特点在于将水管直接制成旋转状，并且方便直接取出，可用于较小面积的堆肥体系取热。阀门位置、取热原理及流程等特点与实例1的装置(图1和图2)一致。此装置应用在4平米的土地上，分为4个区域，每个区域1平方米，管道呈螺旋形垂直埋藏区域土壤下方，埋藏深度为1m，管道的长度为10m。各区域添加8kg左右的农业废弃物，按照实施例1的操作流程循环，可持续供附近区民生活用水，温度可达28℃以上。同时，该装置方便取出、方便使用，可达到循环利用的目的。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的 精神或范围的情况下在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种可持续从堆肥体系中取热的装置，其特征在于，在一片空地上等面积划分为若干个区域，每两个区域之间被分割开；所述区域用于堆肥发酵产热；
    所述区域的土壤下方铺设管道；所述管道的一端延伸至地面上方依次通过进水阀门和总进水阀门与进水箱连通，所述管道的另一端延伸至地面上方依次通过出水阀门和总出水阀门与出水箱连通；所述出水箱的终端连接到供热系统；所述出水箱与进水箱之间保证定向水循环；
    所述进水阀门控制所在区域管道的进水；所述总进水阀门控制所有区域管道的进水；所述出水阀门控制所在区域管道的出水；所述总出水阀门控制所有区域管道的出水。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述装置，其特征在于，所述管道的铺设深度为0.3～1m。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述装置，其特征在于，所述区域的土壤下方铺设管道的长度为10～1000m。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述装置，其特征在于，所述区域的面积为4～200m 2。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4任意一项所述装置，其特征在于，所述区域的个数包括4～10个。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括至少两组产热-收集单元，且至少两组产热-收集单元并联；
    每组产热-收集单元包括至少一个用于堆肥发酵产热的区域和与所述区域热量交换的至少一个管道；
    所述管道两端分别连通进水箱和出水箱，所述管道与进水箱之间设置有阀门1，所述管道和出水箱之间设置有阀门6，所述进水箱和出水箱之间的液体流定向循环。
  7. 一种基于权利要求1～6任意一项所述装置可持续从堆肥体系中取热的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    向每个区域内间歇添加农业废弃物进行堆肥发酵，保证至少一个区域的堆体进入升温期，保持相应区域的出水阀门和进水阀门处于开放状态，当所述区域的堆体处于降温期、腐熟期或刚填料期，则使所述区域的出水阀门和进水阀门处于关闭状态；
    所述升温期为所述堆体的温度≥45℃。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述方法，其特征在于，当所述区域为4个时，向每个区域添加农业废弃物的间隔时间为5～7d。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述方法，其特征在于，每个区域添加农业废弃物的质量为8～400kg。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述方法，其特征在于，所述堆肥发酵将所述农业废弃物与微生物混合后密闭发酵；所述微生物的接种量为3％～15％。
  11. 根据权利要求7～10任意一项所述方法，其特征在于，所述农业废弃物包括畜禽粪便、作物秸秆、糠壳饼麸或果园残留物。
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CN112097312A (zh) * 2020-09-21 2020-12-18 东北农业大学 一种可持续从堆肥体系中取热的装置和方法

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