WO2022056755A1 - Geometric quantity measurement method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

A geometric quantity measurement method and device. An elastic load transfer element (103) and a load measurement assembly (102) are adopted; the load measurement assembly (102) hinders a first bearing part (1032) of the elastic load transfer element (103) from moving with respect to an inertial reference system (106); a first measurement boundary (1018) or a second measurement boundary (1019) is connected to the load measurement assembly (102) by means of the elastic load transfer element (103), such that the elastic load transfer element (103) is deformed, and generates a corresponding material internal force; a constraining force (107, 107', ...) is measured by using the load measurement assembly (102), and a function relationship between the constraining force (107, 107', ...) and a geometric quantity to be measured is obtained by means of comparison; the geometric quantity to be measured is obtained by measuring the magnitude of the constraining force (107, 107', ...), and a function relationship between the geometric quantity to be measured and a standard geometric quantity is obtained by means of comparison; and the magnitude of the geometric quantity to be measured is determined. The obtained beneficial effects are that: measurement sensitivity and measurement stability can be improved, any geometric quantity in space and any displacement of a point, line or plane can be accurately measured, and any load in the space can be accurately measured.

Description

[Title of invention made by ISA pursuant to Rule 37.2] Method and device for measuring geometric quantities technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical measurement, in particular to a method and a device for measuring geometric quantity, displacement quantity and load.

Background technique

With the rapid development of microelectronics technology, material science and mechanical manufacturing, high-precision geometric measurement and displacement measurement technology and multi-component load measurement technology have been widely used in product manufacturing, quality control and scientific research and other fields.

The measurement of the existing geometrical quantity and displacement quantity adopts mechanical, optical, electrical, electromagnetic, pneumatic and other technical approaches, and the resolution of the measurement is amplified by conversion, so as to achieve the purpose of high-precision measurement. Due to the restriction of the detection technology level, the existing geometric and displacement measurement technologies cannot meet the needs of high-precision displacement inspection or to complete high-precision measurement research with other instruments and equipment.

In the second edition of "Length Measurement" edited by Li Xiaoting, the existing measurement principles, measurement methods and measurement devices of geometric quantities are comprehensively and detailedly introduced. However, the existing single measuring geometric quantity technology cannot realize the measurement of any geometric quantity in space, and the measurement of the geometric quantity by the mechanical measurement method is still a technical blank of the existing geometric quantity measurement.

Thomas G.Beckwith, Roy D.Marangoni, John H.Lienhard V edited, translated by Wang Boxiong, "Mechanical Quantity Measurement" (Fifth Edition) Part Two Chapter Eleven, for the existing single linear displacement or angular displacement measurement principle, The measurement method and measurement device are introduced in detail. However, the existing displacement measurement technology is still unable to measure the arbitrary displacement of points, lines or surfaces in space, and the book is still blank on the technology of measuring displacement using mechanical measurement methods.

The previous application filed by the applicant is CN 106813816 A published on 2017.06.09, which specifically discloses the application invention of elastic load cell in displacement measurement. The scheme adopts the mechanical measurement method, and uses the elastic force sensor as the sensitive element and conversion element for displacement measurement, which is connected in series between the inertial reference frame and the measured component to directly perceive and measure the displacement. Although the proposal of this scheme can greatly improve the measurement sensitivity, measurement resolution and measurement reliability of displacement measurement, it cannot measure any displacement of lines or planes in space, and in order to meet the needs of large-scale displacement measurement, the scheme requires elastic measurement. The force sensor has the characteristics of large measurement deformation. Due to the limitation of the small elastic deformation of the force sensor, the existing force sensor cannot directly meet the needs of large-scale measurement. In actual measurement, the range needs to be estimated in advance, and the corresponding deformation of a single piece is customized. elastic load cell to complete the measurement of different scales.

In addition, the existing force value measurement is achieved by observing and measuring the degree of deviation of the balance component from the equilibrium position, or by measuring the degree of strain generated by the force-bearing component, by means of mechanical, electrical, sound, light, magnetic and other technologies. "Mechanical Quantity Measurement" (Fifth Edition) Part II, Chapter 13 introduces the technical approach, measurement principle and various force measurement devices in detail. However, the existing force measurement technology is still unable to measure any load. Carry out the measurement.

The previous application proposed by the applicant is CN 106813816 A published on 2017.06.09, which discloses a load balance measurement. The solution is based on the balance principle and is used for highly sensitive and highly stable measurement of any plane force system, arbitrary space The state of equilibrium of a force system, an arbitrary balance force system. Likewise, it is not possible to measure arbitrary loads with this invention.

It is the purpose of the present invention to seek a brand-new measurement approach and to be expected to be a supplement to the existing measurement techniques for geometric quantities, displacements and loads.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mechanical measurement method and device for measuring geometrical quantities and displacements, which can not only greatly improve the measurement sensitivity and measurement stability, but also can measure any geometrical quantity in space and any displacement of points, lines or surfaces. Accurate measurement is achieved; in order to achieve the above-mentioned mechanical measurement, the present invention also provides a measuring method and device for measuring any load in the space, which can realize highly sensitive and highly stable measurement of any load in the space.

The present invention provides a method for measuring a geometric quantity. The method for measuring a geometric quantity adopts an elastic carrying element and a load measuring assembly, the elastic carrying element is used for sensing the position change of the measurement boundary relative to the inertial reference system, and the elastic carrying element is used for sensing the position change of the measurement boundary relative to the inertial reference system. The load-carrying element converts the position change between the measurement boundaries into the change of the internal force of the material of the elastic carrying element, and transmits the internal force of the material to the load measuring assembly; the elastic carrying element at least includes a first carrying part and a second carrying part; Two bearing parts; the first bearing part is used to transmit the internal force of the material to the load measuring component, and the second bearing part is used to sense the position change between the measurement boundaries; the load measuring component, with the The inertial reference frame is a measurement reference for determining the internal force of the material transmitted by the elastic load-carrying element to the load-measuring assembly, the load-measuring assembly including a rigid load superimposition and at least one force-measuring component; the force-measuring component a component for measuring the restraining force provided by the force-measuring component with the inertial reference frame as a measurement reference; the method comprises: connecting the first measurement boundary or the second measurement boundary with the The load measuring assembly is connected, the load measuring assembly hinders the first bearing part from moving relative to the inertial reference frame in at least one component direction, and the measurement boundary and the load measuring assembly enable the elastic load transmission The element is deformed and a corresponding internal material force is generated, at least one component of the internal material force is determined by the load determination component; the position change of the second load bearing part or the geometric quantity to be measured will cause the first load bearing to be changed. The internal force of the material transmitted to the load measuring component changes; the restraining force is measured by using the load measuring component, and the functional relationship between the restraining force and the geometrical quantity to be measured is obtained by comparison. The magnitude of the binding force obtains the geometrical quantity to be measured, and the functional relationship between the geometrical quantity to be measured and the standard geometrical quantity is obtained by comparison, and the magnitude of the geometrical quantity to be measured is determined.

In a preferred embodiment, prior to performing the measurement, the method further comprises the step of using the load measuring assembly to determine the internal force of the material transmitted by the elastic load-carrying element to the load measuring assembly, the step comprising : preset the loading parameters of the restraining force, adjust the force-measuring component and the rigid load stacker, so that the force-measuring component is directed to the a rigid load stacker provides the restraining force that resists movement of the rigid load stacker relative to the inertial frame of reference; the material internal force transmitted by the elastic load-carrying element to the load-measuring assembly, The material internal force is carried by the rigid load stacker, the material internal force causes the rigid load stacker to produce motion or a tendency to produce motion; the magnitude of the restraining force is measured using the load determination assembly, in combination with the The loading parameters of the restraining force are preset, the restraining force is simplified, and the internal force of the material transmitted by the elastic load-carrying element to the load measuring component is indirectly measured.

In a preferred embodiment, the load-measuring assembly includes one of the force-measuring components; the elastic load-carrying element transmits a component of the internal force of the material to the force-measuring component; the first bearing portion is directed toward the force-measuring component The force-measuring component transmits the material internal force of the one component; the force-measuring component is used to measure the material internal force of the one component transmitted by the elastic load-carrying element to the force-measuring component; during measurement, preset The loading parameters of the restraining force are adjusted, and the force-measuring component and the first bearing part are adjusted so that the force-measuring component provides the first bearing part with all the parameters according to the pre-setting loading parameters of the binding force. the restraining force, the restraining force in one component direction hinders the movement of the first bearing part relative to the inertial reference frame; the position change of the second bearing part or the geometrical quantity to be measured will cause the first bearing part to move. The material internal force of the one component transmitted by a load-bearing part to the force-measuring component changes; the restraint force is measured by the force-measuring component, and the function between the restraint force and the geometrical quantity to be measured is obtained by comparison The geometrical quantity to be measured is obtained by measuring the magnitude of the binding force, the functional relationship between the geometrical quantity to be measured and the standard geometrical quantity is obtained by comparison, and the magnitude of the geometrical quantity to be measured is determined.

A displacement measurement method, comprising any of the above-mentioned geometric quantity measurement methods, wherein the load measurement component and the measurement object are connected by the elastic load-carrying element, and the second load-bearing part and the measurement object are at least one The component directions move synchronously, and the method includes: the measurement object drives the second bearing part to move along a plurality of the measurement boundary trajectories, and generates displacement to be measured; the position of the measurement object changes or the displacement to be measured The internal force of the material transmitted from the first bearing part to the load measuring assembly will change; the restraining force is measured by using the load measuring assembly, and the functional relationship between the restraining force and the displacement to be measured is obtained by comparison , the displacement to be measured is obtained by measuring the magnitude of the restraining force, the functional relationship between the displacement to be measured and the standard geometric quantity is obtained by comparison, and the magnitude of the displacement to be measured is determined.

A load measurement method, the geometric quantity measurement method adopts an external application object and a load measurement component, and the external application object is used to apply an arbitrary load to the load measurement component; The load measurement method includes the above-mentioned use of load measurement The step of the component measuring the internal force of the material, the internal force of the material includes: an arbitrary load applied by the external application object to the load measuring component; the arbitrary load is carried by the rigid load stacker, and the arbitrary load makes The rigid load superimposing unit produces movement or a tendency to produce movement; any load applied by the external application object to the load measurement component is determined by the load measurement component; the load measurement method further comprises: according to a preset The application parameters of the restraining force, simplify the restraining force to a point to obtain a simplified result, the simplified result is balanced with any load applied by the external application object to the load determination component, so as to determine the load applied by the external application object to all The described load measures any load applied by the assembly.

A geometric quantity measurement device, comprising: an elastic load-carrying element for sensing the positional change of a measurement boundary relative to an inertial reference frame, and converting the positional change between the measurement boundaries into a change in the internal force of a material; the elastic load-carrying element It includes at least a first carrying part and a second carrying part; the carrying part of the elastic carrying element comprises at least one carrying unit; the carrying unit of the carrying part of the elastic carrying element A single component of the elastic load-carrying element acts in positive, negative or both positive and negative directions; a load measuring component, taking the inertial reference frame as a measurement reference, is used to determine the direction of the elastic load-carrying element to the The internal force of the material transmitted by a load measuring assembly, the load measuring assembly comprising a rigid load stacker and at least one force measuring component; the force measuring component, taking the inertial reference frame as a measurement reference, is used to measure the The restraining force provided by the force component; the rigid load stacker includes at least a third bearing part and a fourth bearing part; the bearing part of the rigid load stacker includes at least one bearing unit; the rigid load stacker bearing part The load-bearing unit includes a positive force, a negative direction, or both positive and negative directions of the single component of the elastic load-bearing element or the force-measuring component to the rigid load stacker; the fourth The bearing part carries the effect of the first bearing part on the rigid load stacker, and the third bearing part bears the effect of the force measuring component on the rigid load stacker; according to the preset position parameters The force-measuring part is provided, the force-measuring part hinders the movement of the third load-bearing part relative to it, the force-measuring part measures the restraining force provided by it; the second load-bearing part is used to feel the measurement The positional change between the boundaries, the material internal force is transmitted from the first load bearing part to the load measuring assembly, the load measuring assembly hinders the movement of the first load bearing part relative to it in at least one component direction, so The material internal force is determined by the load measuring assembly.

In a preferred embodiment, the load-measuring assembly includes one of the force-measuring components; the elastic load-carrying element transmits a component of the internal force of the material to the force-measuring component; the first bearing portion is directed toward the force-measuring component The force-measuring component transmits the material internal force of the one component; the force-measuring component is used to measure the material internal force of the one component transmitted by the elastic load-bearing element to the force-measuring component; according to a preset The position parameter of , sets the force-measuring member, which impedes movement of the first load-bearing part relative to it in one component direction.

A displacement measuring device, comprising the above-mentioned geometric quantity measuring device, the second bearing part of the displacement measuring device and an external measurement object move synchronously in at least one component direction; the second bearing part is used for feeling the The position and position change of the external measurement object relative to the load determination assembly.

A load measuring device, comprising the above-mentioned load measuring assembly, the material internal force including any load applied to the load measuring assembly by an external application object; the fourth bearing part carries the external application object to the load. Any load applied by the load measuring component; the bearing unit of the bearing part of the rigid load stacker includes a single component positive, positive, and forward direction of the rigid load stacker by the load-bearing component or the load-measuring component. Negative or positive and negative forces.

An elastic load-carrying element, comprising the above-mentioned elastic load-carrying element, can transmit any load.

The present invention provides a mechanical measurement scheme for measuring geometrical quantities, which does not follow the traditional idea of measuring geometrical quantities, but adopts a mechanical measurement method to achieve accurate and reliable measurement of any geometrical quantity, which fills the gap for the measurement of geometrical quantities by using the mechanical measurement method. It provides a new measurement method for the existing geometric measurement.

The mechanical measurement scheme for displacement measurement provided by the present invention adopts the mechanical measurement method to expand the displacement measurement range of the existing single linear displacement or angular displacement to achieve accurate displacement of any point, line or plane in space. Reliable measurement; Compared with the application invention of the aforementioned elastic force measuring sensor in displacement measurement, it overcomes the inability to measure any displacement of the inner line or surface of the space as the measurement object. The requirement of deformation makes the mechanical measurement of displacement no longer restricted by the elastic deformation of the force measuring sensor, expands the application range of the existing force measuring components, and further improves the sensitivity and synchronization of displacement measurement.

According to the characteristic that the material internal force of the elastic material and its deformation have a single-valued function relationship, the present invention utilizes the physical properties of the elastic material for large deformation and load transmission, and uses the elastic load transmission element as a sensitive element for measurement, to achieve high sensitivity to geometric quantities and displacement changes. The technical solution also uses the load measuring assembly provided by the present invention as a conversion element for geometrical measurement and displacement measurement, and uses the mechanical measurement method to achieve highly sensitive, highly stable and reliable measurement of geometrical quantity and displacement.

The mechanical measurement scheme provided by the present invention takes advantage of the high-precision measurement characteristics of the existing detection device, overcomes the technical problem that the existing force value measurement technology cannot measure any load, and realizes high-stability measurement of any load in space.

The present invention also improves the above-mentioned measurement stability and measurement efficiency, effectively reduces the operational difficulty and manufacturing difficulty of the measurement, and greatly reduces the measurement cost;

The effects of the present invention are not limited to those exemplified above, and various other advantageous effects are included in this specification.

Description of drawings

The above-mentioned technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention can be clearly obtained through the following detailed description of the preferred specific embodiments capable of realizing the present invention and the description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings in this specification schematically represent examples of measuring any parameter in a plane. Since the measurement principles are the same, the drawings do not repeat the measurement of any parameter in space, and it should be considered that a sufficient disclosure has been made.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle of geometric quantity or displacement quantity at the beginning of measurement;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle of geometric quantity or displacement quantity when the measurement boundary is a point;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle of geometric quantity or displacement quantity when the measurement boundary is a line;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle when the geometrical quantity or displacement is any geometrical quantity or displacement in the plane;

5 is a schematic diagram of a force analysis of an elastic load transmission element provided in an embodiment of the present application;

6 is a schematic diagram of a single-component acting force measured by a load measuring assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

7 is a schematic diagram of another load measuring assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application for measuring any load in a plane;

8 is a schematic structural diagram of a rigid load stacker provided in an embodiment of the present application;

9 is a schematic diagram at the beginning of the geometric measurement provided in the embodiment of the present application;

10 is a schematic diagram of the measurement of the geometric length of the length when the measurement boundary is a point provided in the embodiment of the present application;

11 is a schematic diagram of the measurement of the length geometric quantity when the measurement boundary is a line provided in the embodiment of the present application;

12 is a schematic diagram of the measurement of any geometric quantity in a plane provided in the embodiment of the present application;

13 is a schematic diagram at the beginning of the displacement measurement provided in the embodiment of the present application;

14 is a schematic diagram of displacement measurement when the measurement boundary is a point, and the measurement object in FIG. 13 moves linearly from the position of the first measurement boundary to the position of the second measurement boundary;

Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of displacement measurement when the measurement boundary is a line, and the measurement object in Figure 13 moves linearly from the position of the first measurement boundary to the position of the second measurement boundary;

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the arbitrary displacement measurement in the plane of the measurement object in FIG. 13 .

detailed description

In order to introduce the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention more clearly, some terms in the specification of the present invention are further explained here.

A measurement boundary is a measurement edge for a geometric quantity, which includes points, lines or areas used to determine the parameters of the geometric quantity.

Displacement, including point, line or surface as the measurement object, its linear displacement, angular displacement or arbitrary displacement in space.

Arbitrary loads, including body loads, surface loads, line loads, or concentrated loads with single- or multi-component effects.

Loading parameters, including the point of action of single-component or multi-component force, the line of action, and the direction of force application.

Fully constrained, the constraint when the object's degrees of freedom are reduced to zero.

Inertial frame of reference, the frame of reference chosen in the measurement relative to which the force-measuring member remains stationary.

Standard geometrical quantity, the present invention will realize the measurement of geometrical quantity and displacement, which involves the transfer of the unit value of geometrical quantity, so the present invention introduces the concept of standard geometrical quantity. , reproduced, and saved standard geometric quantities.

Bearing parts, in order to conveniently record the measurement object, determine the position parameters of the measurement object, and record and analyze the effect of a single component or multi-component force on the stressed object, the present invention introduces the concept of a bearing part. Due to the effect of the loading object on the bearing object, the division of the bearing parts will have various grouping forms, which should not be regarded as being limited by the description of the present invention, and the bearing parts include at least one bearing unit.

The bearing unit, which constitutes the basic unit of the bearing part, includes a single component of positive, negative or positive and negative force exerted by the bearing object on the bearing part, and includes the basic elements for determining the position parameters of the measurement object.

Connection, the connection described in the present invention includes various connection forms, for example, it can be a movable connection or a fixed connection.

According to the basic assumptions of elastic theory: the elastic body maintains its continuity throughout the deformation process. There is a one-to-one correspondence between the deformation and the load of the elastic body in the whole loading and unloading process.

In addition, according to the description of the internal force of the material by the elastic theory: the object under the action of the external force is deformed, the deformation changes the molecular spacing, and an additional internal force field is formed in the object that increases with the deformation. When the internal force field is sufficient to balance with the external force , the deformation does not continue, and the object reaches a stable equilibrium state; the additional internal force field acts on the deformed elastic body, and the equilibrium relationship between the internal and external forces is established according to the deformed geometric shape.

Based on the support of the above theory, the following measurements can be achieved:

Referring to FIG. 1 , at the beginning of the measurement, the deformed elastic body 1030 disposed between the first measurement boundary 1018 and the inertial reference frame 106 is in a stable equilibrium state. At this time, the material internal force of the elastic body 1030 is L103, which is balanced with the restraining load L107 provided by the inertial reference frame 106 in the whole measurement process.

Please refer to FIGS. 2 , 3 and 4 , move the joint 10310 between the elastic body 1030 and the first measurement boundary 1018 to the position of the second measurement boundary 1019 . At this time, the displacement δ of the joint 10310 is related to the first measurement boundary 1018, the geometric quantity between the second measurement boundary 1019 and the boundary deformation of the elastic body 1030 are the same, the material internal force of the elastic body 1030 also changes accordingly to L1031, the restraint force 107, 107', ... or restraint load provided by the inertial reference system 106 L107 produces a synchronous change.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3 , if the above-mentioned displacement δ is a linear displacement, the magnitude of the material internal force L1031 of the elastic body 1030 can be directly derived from the magnitude of the restraining load L107 .

If the above displacement is arbitrary, it will complicate the material internal force of the elastic body 1030 . In order to measure the internal force of the material, the present disclosure introduces the rigid body 1050 as an auxiliary component for measurement by means of the principle of rigid body balance, and provides a plurality of restraint forces 107, 107', . . . , restraint forces 107, 107', ... hinder the rigid body 1050 from moving, simplify the constraints 107, 107', ... to a point to obtain the principal vector F102 and principal moment M102, principal vector F102, principal moment M102 and the material internal force L1031 of the elastic body 103 to the rigid body 102 The effect of the elastic body 103 is still balanced. By measuring the magnitude of the restraining forces 107, 107', ... and combining with the loading parameters of the restraining force, the material internal force L1031 of the elastic body 103 can be determined. Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the measurement principle of arbitrary displacement in a plane. Since the measurement principle is the same, the accompanying drawings in the description do not repeatedly describe the measurement of arbitrary displacement in space, and it should be considered that a sufficient disclosure has been made.

Those skilled in the art can measure the magnitudes of the restraining forces 107, 107', . Combined with the loading parameters of the restraint force 107, 107', ..., the functional relationship between the restraint force and the aforementioned displacement or geometrical quantity can be determined, so that the purpose of indirectly measuring the aforementioned geometrical quantity or the displacement to be measured can be achieved by using the mechanical method.

Here is a brief description of the local stress condition of the aforementioned bearing unit and its simplified adjustment. The acting force described in the present invention can act on the bearing unit at any angle, which will produce two component effects on the bearing unit along the normal direction and the tangential direction of the bearing contact surface. Although this loading method is easy to operate, However, it will make the analysis and calculation of the force system more complicated. In actual measurement, if the application direction, application position and angle of the bearing contact surface of the single component force are controlled to act in the normal direction of the bearing contact surface For the load-bearing unit, it will be beneficial to control the loading parameters of the load and effectively reduce the number of restraining forces; during the measurement, set the loading parameters of the load reasonably, so that the load acts on the stressed object in the most convenient way for analysis, such as applying The action line of the restraint force is adjusted to a position coincident with, vertical or parallel to the analysis coordinate axis for measurement. If the action line of the restraint force is adjusted to the position as shown in the figure, it will also simplify the load analysis and simplify the measurement.

The mechanical principles, balance calculation, formula derivation, measurement components and measurement operation methods involved in the present invention have been known to those skilled in the art, and the description and the accompanying drawings are not repeated; The drawings reveal the best embodiment of the present invention, and schematically express the relationship among the constituent elements of the present invention. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar constituent elements, so their detailed descriptions are omitted. It should be considered that sufficient disclosure has been made.

The various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In a first embodiment, the present application provides a method for measuring a geometric quantity.

Please refer to FIG. 9 , FIG. 10 , FIG. 11 , and FIG. 12 , first of all, the measuring device part required by the geometric quantity measuring method mainly includes: a load measuring component 102 and an elastic carrying element 103 . The measurement reference of the geometric quantity is the inertial reference frame 106 . The geometric measurement boundaries in the specification of the present invention are mainly illustrated by the first measurement boundary 1018 and the second measurement boundary 1019. Of course, more measurement boundaries can be set according to different actual application scenarios. This application does not make any specific limitation here.

The elastic load-carrying element 103 can be any form of elastic element, and its function is to sense the position and position change of the first measurement boundary 1018 and the second measurement boundary 1019 relative to the inertial reference frame 106, which will measure the boundary The position change between the two is converted into a change in the internal force of the material of the elastic carrying element 103, and the internal force of the material is transmitted to the load measuring component 102 for measurement.

The elastic load-carrying element 103 may comprise several load-bearing locations, each of which may contain at least one load-bearing unit. For example, the elastic carrying element 103 may include a first carrying part 1032 and a second carrying part 1031. Of course, the device may also include more carrying parts, and the specific carrying parts may also be different according to different actual application scenarios. This application does not make any specific limitation here.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the first bearing part 1032 and the second bearing part 1031 on the bearing couple L102 and the concentrated load L101. Specifically, the first bearing part 1032 of the elastic carrying element 103 is used to transmit the material internal force of the elastic carrying element 103 to the load measuring assembly 102 ; the second bearing part 1031 of the elastic carrying element 103 is used to sense the first measurement boundary 1018 , the position and position change of the second measurement boundary 1019 .

The load measuring assembly 102 is used, which uses the inertial reference frame 106 as the measurement reference to measure the internal force of the material transmitted by the first bearing part 1032 of the elastic carrying element 103 to the load measuring assembly 102 (hereinafter referred to as the transmission by the elastic carrying element 103 ). material internal force). The employed load measurement assembly 102 includes a rigid load stacker 105 and at least one load cell 104 . Figure 6 shows the measurement of a single component force by the load determination assembly 102, and Figure 7 shows the measurement of an arbitrary load in a plane by the load determination assembly 102.

Among them, the force measuring component 104 is used, which uses the inertial reference frame 106 as the measurement reference, including providing the force-bearing object with the measured restraint force 107; the rigid load superimposed device 105 is used, including superimposed restraint forces 107, 107', ... pairs of Its effect is transmitted to the rigid body or non-absolute rigid body of the elastic carrying element 103 .

In this embodiment, the load measuring component 102 can be used to measure the material internal force L103 transmitted by the elastic load-carrying element 103 through the following steps.

Preset the load application parameters of the force measuring components 104, ... to the rigid load stacker 105 to provide the restraining forces 107, 107', ..., and adjust the rigid load stacker 105 and the load application parameters of the force measuring components 104... The components 104, . . . provide the rigid load stacker 105 with the constraint forces 107, 107', . . . according to the application parameters of the preset constraint forces 107, 107', . Motion is generated relative to inertial frame of reference 106 .

The material internal force L103 transmitted by the elastic load-carrying element 103, which is carried by the rigid load stacker 105, and the material internal force L103 causes the rigid load stacker 105 to produce motion or a tendency to move;

Through the above measures, use the load measuring component 102 to measure the magnitudes of the restraining forces 107, 107', . Simplified as a principal vector F102 and a principal moment M102, which are in balance with the material internal force L103 transmitted by the elastic load-carrying element 103, so that the load measuring assembly 102 is used to indirectly measure the material internal force L103 transmitted by the elastic load-carrying element 103.

Subsequently, the geometrical magnitude of the target is determined according to the single-valued functional relationship between the material internal force L103 of the elastic load-carrying element 103 and its elastic deformation.

The specification of the present application also provides a method for measuring a geometric quantity. The measurement method of the geometric quantity adopts the elastic carrying element 103 and the load measuring component 102 to measure the geometric quantity to be measured between the first measurement boundary 1018 and the second measurement boundary 1019, which may include the following steps:

The second bearing part 1031 of the elastic load-carrying element 103 senses the position and position changes of the first measurement boundary 1018 , the second measurement boundary 1019 .

The load measuring assembly 102 hinders the movement of the first load-bearing portion 1032 of the elastic load-carrying element 103 relative to the inertial reference frame 106 and includes measuring the internal force of the material transmitted by the elastic load-carrying element 103 .

The load measuring assembly 102 and the measurement boundary are connected by the elastic load-carrying element 103, and the elastic load-carrying element 103 is deformed under the action of the load measuring assembly 102 and the measuring boundary, and a corresponding internal force of the material is generated. 1032 transmits the aforementioned internal force of the material to the load measuring component 102, and uses the load measuring component 102 provided in this embodiment to measure the internal material force L103 transmitted by the elastic load-carrying element 103.

10 , 11 and 12 , the second bearing part 1031 of the elastic transmission element 103 is moved from the position of the first measurement boundary 1018 to the position of the second measurement boundary 1019 , and the second bearing part 1031 of the elastic transmission element 103 is moved to the position of the second measurement boundary 1019 . The position change of , will correspondingly change the material internal force transmitted by the elastic carrying element 103 from L103 to L1031.

So far, it can be inferred that the internal force of the material transmitted by the elastic carrying element 103 and the position change of the second carrying part 1031 of the elastic carrying element 103 or the geometrical quantity to be measured between the first measurement boundary 1018, the second measurement boundary 1019... relation.

Based on the above technical disclosure, there will be various ways to determine the functional relationship, and only one of the technical solutions is provided here for reference by those skilled in the art.

According to the simplified formula of any force system in space towards one point, it can be known that the aforementioned constraint force is a function of its simplified result; therefore, for any displacement of the second load-bearing part 1031 of the elastic load-carrying element 103, there will be multiple aforementioned constraint forces generated Corresponding to the change, if a more sensitive aforementioned constraint force is selected as the measurement object in the actual measurement, it will achieve the purpose of simplifying the load analysis without reducing the measurement sensitivity.

In various embodiments of the present invention, the constraints between the first bearing part 1032 of the elastic transmission element 103 and the load measuring component 102, and in the example of the rear displacement measurement, between the second bearing part 1031 of the elastic transmission element 103 and the measurement object It can be a complete constraint. Under this constraint, the measurement can comprehensively reflect any displacement or any geometric quantity with a point, line or surface as the measurement object.

However, its measurement mechanism and load analysis are more complicated, and it is not suitable for simple geometric quantity or displacement measurement. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring that the measurement error is accepted, the number of constraints can be appropriately reduced, and some degrees of freedom can be reserved between components, which can not only reduce the difficulty of load analysis, but also simplify the measurement mechanism, which will produce the following simplification effects.

For example, reducing the number of constraints between the elastic load-carrying element 103 and the load-measuring assembly 102 enables the load-measuring assembly 102 to impede movement of the first bearing portion 1032 of the elastic load-carrying element 103 relative to the inertial reference frame 106 in at least one component direction, Further, the material internal force L1031 of at least one component transmitted by the first bearing portion 1032 of the elastic carrying element 103 to the load measuring assembly 102 is measured; and in the case of the rear displacement measurement, the second load of the measuring object and the elastic carrying element 103 is reduced. The number of constraints between the parts 1031 enables the second bearing part 1031 of the elastic carrying element 103 to move synchronously with the measurement object in at least one component direction.

Thereby, using the single-valued functional relationship between the material internal force of the elastic load-carrying element and its deformation, and the equilibrium relationship between the material internal force and the restraining force, the restraining forces 107, 107', . . . are measured using the load measuring component 102, Comparing the changing laws of the measured geometrical quantities and the binding forces 107, 107', ..., the functional relationship between the binding forces 107, 107', ... and the geometrical quantities to be measured is obtained; by measuring the binding forces 107, 107', ... Measure the geometric quantity to be measured; compare the corresponding law between the measured geometric quantity and the standard geometric quantity, and obtain the functional relationship between the measured geometric quantity and the standard geometric quantity, so as to measure the binding force 107, 107', ... Quantity to achieve the purpose of determining the geometrical quantity to be measured.

In the second embodiment, the specification of this application also provides a method for measuring geometric quantities, which includes the method for measuring geometric quantities described in detail in the first embodiment of the present invention. For the same, please refer to the first listed The specific description of the implementation manner will not be repeated in this application. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the elastic transmission element 103 transmits a component of its material internal force (hereinafter referred to as a component of the material internal force of the elastic transmission element 103 ) to the load measuring component 102 for measurement.

The purpose of using the rigid load stacker 105 in the first embodiment of the present specification is to measure multicomponent material internal forces. Therefore, the rigid load stacker 105 is omitted in this embodiment. In order to describe the present invention concisely, this embodiment borrows the accompanying drawings of the first embodiment of the present invention, and it should be understood that the load measuring assembly 102 in this embodiment includes a force measuring component 104, which is composed of the force measuring components constituting the load measuring assembly 102. Component 104 measures the aforementioned single component of the internal force of the material.

The method for measuring geometric quantities includes the following steps:

The second bearing part 1031 of the elastic load-carrying element 103 senses the position and position changes of the first measurement boundary 1018 and the second measurement boundary 1019 .

The displacement measurement method includes the following steps:

The force measuring component 104 constituting the load measuring assembly 102 is preset to provide the loading parameters of the constraining force 107 to the first bearing part 1032 of the elastic carrying element 103, and the force measuring component 104 and the first bearing part 1032 of the elastic carrying element 103 are adjusted. Loading, bearing position and angle, so that the force-measuring component 104 provides a binding force 107 to the first bearing part 1032 of the elastic load-carrying element 103 according to the loading parameters of the preset binding force 107, and the binding force 107 hinders the elastic transmission in one component direction. The first bearing part 1032 of the carrier element 103 moves relative to the inertial reference frame 106,

A change in the position of the second bearing portion 1031 of the elastic load-carrying element 103 or the measured geometrical quantity will cause a change in the internal force of a component of the material transmitted by the first load-bearing portion 1032 of the elastic load-carrying element 103 to the elastic load-carrying element 103 of the force-measuring component 104 .

Therefore, the measurement and simplification of the geometrical quantity to be measured between the first measurement boundary 1018 and the second measurement boundary 1019 by using the elastic carrying element 103 and the load measuring assembly 102 described in detail with reference to the first embodiment of the present invention. The measurement method is to use the force measuring component 104 that constitutes the load measuring assembly 102 to measure the restraint force 107, compare the variation law of the measured geometrical quantity and the restraint force 107, and obtain the functional relationship between the restraint force 107 and the to-be-measured geometrical quantity; Measure the value of the binding force 107 to obtain the geometrical quantity to be measured; compare the corresponding law between the measured geometrical quantity to be measured and the standard geometrical quantity, and obtain the functional relationship between the geometrical quantity to be measured and the standard geometrical quantity, so as to measure the binding force 107. Quantity to achieve the purpose of determining the geometrical quantity to be measured.

In the third embodiment, a displacement measurement method is provided, please refer to FIG. 13 , FIG. 14 , FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 . Most of the steps in the displacement measurement method include those described in detail in the first and second embodiments above. Geometric measurement method. The difference is that:

The measurement includes a displacement measurement object 101;

The measurement has a plurality of measurement boundaries 1018, 1019...;

The measurement object 101 moves along the trajectory of the measurement boundaries 1018 , 1019 . . . to generate the displacement to be measured.

The load measuring component 102 and the measuring object 101 are connected by the elastic carrying element 103, the second carrying part 1031 of the elastic carrying element 103 and the measuring object 101 move synchronously in at least one component direction, and the measuring object 101 drives the second elastic carrying element 103 The bearing part 1031 moves along the trajectory of the measurement boundaries 1018, 1019 . . . The position change or the displacement to be measured of the measurement object 101 will change the internal force of the material transmitted by the elastic load-carrying element 103. Schematic diagrams when the boundary 1018 is located. Figures 14 , 15 , and 16 show schematic diagrams when the sensing object 101 is located at the measurement boundaries 1019 , 1020 , . . .

Therefore, with reference to the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the present invention, the elastic load-carrying element 103 and the load measuring assembly 102 are used to measure the waiting between the first measurement boundary 1018 and the second measurement boundary 1019. The method of measuring geometrical measurement and simplifying the measurement, using the load measuring component 102 to measure the restraining forces 107, 107', . The functional relationship between 107', ... and the displacement to be measured; the displacement to be measured is obtained by measuring the values of the binding forces 107, 107', ...; the corresponding law between the measured displacement to be measured and the standard geometric quantity is compared to obtain the displacement to be measured The functional relationship with the standard geometric quantity, so as to realize the purpose of determining the displacement value to be measured by measuring the magnitude of the binding force 107, 107', ....

In the fourth embodiment, the embodiment of this specification provides a load measurement method, please refer to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 , the measurement includes the use of the load measurement assembly 102 described in detail in the first embodiment to determine the elastic load transmission element. 103 The method of the material internal force L103 transmitted by the difference is:

The elastic transfer element 103 is replaced with an external application object. The externally applied object is an object that externally applies a load to the load measuring assembly. Correspondingly, the material internal force L103 transmitted by the elastic load-carrying element 103 to the load-determining assembly 102 is replaced by an arbitrary load applied to the load-determining assembly 102 by an externally applied object, and the arbitrary load is carried by the rigid load superimposition 105, and this arbitrary load makes the rigidity The load stacker 105 produces motion or produces a tendency to move.

Therefore, referring to the method of using the load measuring component 102 to measure the material internal force L103 transmitted by the elastic carrying element 103 in the first embodiment, the load measuring component 102 is used to measure the magnitudes of the restraining forces 107, 107', . . . The loading parameters of the restraining forces 107, 107', ... are preset, and the restraining forces 107, 107', ... are simplified to a point to obtain a simplified result. The simplified result may be one principal vector F102 and one principal moment M102, or one of principal vector F102 and principal moment M102 may be zero. This simplified result is balanced against any load applied to the load determination assembly 102 by the externally applied object, thereby indirectly determining any load applied to the load determination assembly 102 by the externally applied object.

Based on the methods provided in the foregoing embodiments, corresponding apparatuses are also provided in this specification.

In the fifth embodiment, please refer to FIG. 9 , a geometrical quantity measuring device is provided, and the measuring device includes a load measuring component 102 and an elastic carrying element 103 .

Wherein, for the specific composition and function of the load measuring component 102 and the elastic load-carrying element 103, please refer to the specific description of the above-mentioned embodiment, which will not be repeated in this application.

Referring to FIG. 5 , the bearing portion of the elastic transmission element 103 includes at least one bearing unit 10311 , 10321 , 10322 , . . . The bearing units 10311 , 10321 , 10322 , . The single component positive, negative, or positive and negative forces L101, 10313, and 10314 of the elastic load-carrying element 103 only schematically illustrate the bearing forms of the concentrated load L101 and the couple moment load L102, It should be understood that the material internal force transmitted by the elastic carrying element 103, its effect on the load measuring assembly 102 is carried by the first bearing part 1032 of the elastic carrying element 103, and the acting force of the effect in each component direction is transmitted by the elastic transmission. The bearing units 10321 , 10322 , . . . of the first bearing portion 1032 of the bearing element 103 are transmitted to the load measuring assembly 102 .

Referring to FIG. 8 , the rigid load stacker 105 includes several bearing parts 1051 , 1052 , . . . The bearing parts 1051 , 1052 , . . . of the rigid load stacker 105 bear the effect of the elastic load-carrying element 103 or the force measuring component 104 on the rigid load stacker 105 , which includes at least one bearing unit 10521 , 10522 , 10523 , 10524 , . . . .

The bearing units 10521 , 10522 , 10523 , 10524 , . . . of the bearing portion of the rigid load stacker 105 are used to carry the single component positive, negative, or The acting forces 107, 107', ... in the positive and negative directions only schematically illustrate the bearing form of the rigid load stacker 105 for any load in the plane,

It should be understood that the material internal force L103 transmitted by the elastic carrying element 103, its effect on the load measuring assembly 102 is carried by the fourth bearing part 1051 of the rigid load stacker 105, and the effect is applied to the direction of each component of the bearing part. The force is borne by the bearing unit of the fourth bearing part 1051 of the rigid load stacker 105 , which is the same as the bearing form of the force measuring component 104 acting on the load measuring component 102 .

The load measuring assembly 102 includes the following features: the effect of the first bearing part 1032 of the elastic load-carrying element 103 on the rigid load stacker 105, which is carried by the fourth bearing part 1051 of the rigid load stacker 105; the force measuring member 104 is superimposed on the rigid load The effect of the device 105, which is carried by the third bearing part 1052 of the rigid load stacker 105, the force measuring part 104 is set according to the preset position parameters, and the force measuring part 104 hinders the third bearing part 1052 of the rigid load stacker 105 relative to It produces movement, and the force measuring element 104 measures the restraining forces 107, 107', . . . provided by it.

The simplified arrangement measures of the geometrical quantity measuring component to be measured described in detail with reference to the first embodiment of the present invention can achieve the purpose of simplifying the load analysis; the load measuring component 102 can obstruct the elastic load-carrying element 103 in at least one component direction. The movement of the load-bearing part 1032 relative to the inertial frame of reference 106, thereby enabling the determination of at least one component of the material internal forces L103, L1031 transmitted by the first load-bearing part 1032 of the elastic load-carrying element 103 to the load-determining assembly 102; and an example of a subsequent displacement measurement Among them, reducing the number of constraints between the measurement object and the second bearing part 1031 of the elastic carrying element 103 enables the second bearing part 1031 of the elastic carrying element 103 and the measuring object to move synchronously in at least one component direction.

The geometric quantity measuring device of this embodiment has the following features: the second bearing part 1031 of the elastic transmission element 103 senses the position and position changes between the external measurement boundaries, and the internal force of the material transmitted by the elastic transmission element 103 is transmitted by the elastic transmission element 103. A load-bearing part 1032 transmits to the load-measuring element 102, which impedes the movement of the first load-bearing part 1032 of the elastic carrying element 103 relative to it, at least in one component direction.

So far, the fifth embodiment provided by this embodiment is used to achieve the purpose of determining the value of the geometrical quantity to be measured.

The sixth embodiment provided in this specification is a geometrical quantity measuring device, which includes the geometrical quantity measuring device described in detail in the fifth embodiment of the present invention, and the difference lies in:

The elastic carrying element 103 transmits a component of its material internal force (hereinafter referred to as a component of the material internal force of the elastic carrying element 103 ) to the load measuring component 102 for measurement;

The first bearing part 1032 of the elastic carrying element 103 transmits a component of the material internal force of the elastic carrying element 103 to the load measuring component 102;

The load measuring assembly 102 is composed of one of the force measuring components 104, and is used to measure the internal force of one component of the elastic load-carrying element 103. In the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the rigid load stacker 105 is used to measure the internal force of the multi-component material. , therefore, the rigid load superimposing unit 105 is omitted in this embodiment. In order to express the present invention concisely, this embodiment borrows the drawings of the fifth embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the elastic load transmission element 103 in this embodiment is a component The material internal force is measured by the force-measuring component 104 .

The force-measuring part 104 is arranged according to the preset position parameters, and the force-measuring part 104 impedes the movement of the first bearing part 1032 of the elastic load-carrying element 103 relative to it in one component direction.

Thereby, the sixth embodiment provided in this specification is used to achieve the purpose of determining the magnitude of the geometrical quantity to be measured.

The seventh embodiment provided in this specification is a displacement measuring device, which includes the geometrical quantity measuring device described in detail in the fifth and sixth embodiments of the present invention, please refer to FIG. 13 , and the difference is:

The external measurement object 101 moves along the trajectory of the measurement boundaries 1018, 1019, 1020, ... to generate the displacement to be measured;

The second bearing part 1031 of the elastic carrier element 103 moves synchronously with the external measurement object 101 in at least one component direction,

The external measurement object 101 drives the second bearing part 1031 of the elastic carrying element 103 to move, and the second carrying part 1031 of the elastic carrying element 103 includes sensing the position and position change of the external measurement object 101 relative to the load measuring component 102 .

Therefore, the purpose of determining the displacement value to be measured is achieved by using the seventh embodiment provided in this specification.

The eighth embodiment provided in this specification is a load measuring device, please refer to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 , the device includes the load measuring assembly 102 described in detail in the fifth embodiment of the present invention, and the difference is that :

The elastic transfer element 103 is replaced with an external application object. The material internal force L103 transmitted by the elastic load-carrying element 103 is replaced with any load applied to the load measuring assembly 102 by the external application object;

The fourth bearing part 1051 of the rigid load stacker 105 bears any load applied by the external application object to the load measuring assembly 102;

The load-bearing units 10521, 10522, 10523, 10524, . . . of the bearing parts 1051, 1052 of the rigid load stacker 105 include the positive, negative, or are the acting forces 107, 107', . . . in both positive and negative directions.

Thus, the purpose of measuring any load applied to the load measuring assembly 102 by an externally applied object is achieved using the eighth embodiment provided in this specification.

According to the ninth embodiment of the geometric quantity measurement and the device thereof of the present invention, an elastic transmission element, please refer to FIG. 5, the device includes the elastic transmission element described in detail in the fifth embodiment of the present invention, for Pass arbitrary loads.

This specification describes the measurement method and measurement device for geometric quantity, arbitrary displacement and arbitrary load in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, the structural form of the described measurement device, the way of providing restraint force, the number and the rigidity The number of loads carried by the load stacker will also vary in many ways; the above examples can also be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner to apply more mechanical measurements to geometric quantities, displacements, and loads. The technical field in which the measurement is carried out. Therefore, on the premise of not departing from the concept of the present invention, equivalent implementations or substitutions and equivalent combinations in various forms should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope determined by the claims submitted in the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for measuring a geometric quantity, characterized in that the method for measuring a geometric quantity adopts an elastic load-carrying element and a load determination assembly, the elastic load-carrying element is used to sense the position change of the measurement boundary relative to the inertial reference system, and the elastic load-carrying element is used to sense the position change of the measurement boundary relative to the inertial reference frame. The load-carrying element converts the position change between the measurement boundaries into the change of the internal force of the material of the elastic carrying element, and transmits the internal force of the material to the load measuring assembly; the elastic carrying element at least includes a first carrying part and a second carrying part; Two bearing parts; the first bearing part is used to transmit the internal force of the material to the load measuring component, and the second bearing part is used to sense the position change between the measurement boundaries; the load measuring component, with the The inertial reference frame is a measurement reference for determining the internal force of the material transmitted by the elastic load-carrying element to the load-measuring assembly, the load-measuring assembly including a rigid load superimposition and at least one force-measuring component; the force-measuring component a component, using the inertial frame of reference as a measurement datum, for measuring the restraining force provided by the force-measuring component;

   The method includes:

   A first measurement boundary or a second measurement boundary is adjoined by the elastic load-carrying element to the load-determining assembly, which impedes the first bearing point relative to the inertial frame of reference at least in one component direction generating motion, the measurement boundary and the load-determining assembly deform the elastic carrying element and generate a corresponding internal material force, at least one component of the internal material force being determined by the load-determining assembly;

   A change in the position of the second load-bearing part or the geometry to be measured will cause a change in the internal force of the material transmitted by the first load-bearing part to the load measuring assembly;

   Using the load measuring component to measure the restraining force, compare and obtain the functional relationship between the restraining force and the geometrical quantity to be measured, obtain the geometrical quantity to be measured by measuring the magnitude of the restraining force, and compare The functional relationship between the geometrical quantity to be measured and the standard geometrical quantity is obtained, and the magnitude of the geometrical quantity to be measured is determined.
2. The method for measuring geometric quantities according to claim 1, characterized in that, before performing the measurement, the method further comprises using the load measuring assembly to measure the material transferred from the elastic carrying element to the load measuring assembly Internal force steps, the steps include:

   Preset the loading parameters of the restraining force, adjust the force measuring component and the rigid load stacker, and make the force measuring component move to the rigidity according to the preset loading parameters of the restraining force. a load stacker provides the constraining force that impedes motion of the rigid load stacker relative to the inertial frame of reference;

   the material internal force transmitted by the elastic load-carrying element to the load measuring assembly, the material internal force being carried by the rigid load stacker, the material internal force causing the rigid load stacker to move or a tendency to move ;

   Using the load measuring component to measure the magnitude of the restraining force, combining with the application parameters of the preset restraining force, simplifying the restraining force, and indirectly measuring the amount of the restraining force transmitted by the elastic load-bearing element to the load measuring component. internal force of the material.
3. The method for measuring geometric quantity according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the load measuring component comprises a force measuring component; and the elastic carrying element transmits a component of the internal force of the material to the measuring component. a force component; the first load-bearing part transmits the one component of the material internal force to the force measuring component; the force measuring component is used to measure the one component transmitted by the elastic carrying element to the force measuring component the internal force of the material;

   During the measurement, the loading parameters of the restraining force are preset, and the force-measuring component and the first bearing part are adjusted, so that the force-measuring component is directed to the the first load bearing part provides the restraining force, the binding force impedes movement of the first load bearing part relative to the inertial frame of reference in one component direction;

   A change in the position of the second bearing part or the geometrical quantity to be measured will cause a change in the material internal force of the one component transmitted by the first bearing part to the force-measuring component;

   Use the force-measuring component to measure the restraining force, compare the functional relationship between the restraining force and the geometrical quantity to be measured, obtain the geometrical quantity to be measured by measuring the magnitude of the restraining force, and compare The functional relationship between the geometrical quantity to be measured and the standard geometrical quantity is obtained, and the magnitude of the geometrical quantity to be measured is determined.
4. A displacement measurement method, characterized in that it comprises the geometric quantity measurement method described in any one of claims 1 to 3,

   The load measuring component and the measurement object are connected by the elastic load-carrying element, and the second load-bearing part and the measurement object move synchronously in at least one component direction, and the method includes:

   The measurement object drives the second bearing part to move along a plurality of the measurement boundary trajectories, and generates displacement to be measured;

   The change of the position of the measurement object or the displacement to be measured will cause the change of the internal force of the material transmitted by the first bearing part to the load measuring component;

   Use the load measuring component to measure the restraint force, compare and obtain the functional relationship between the restraint force and the displacement to be measured, obtain the displacement to be measured by measuring the magnitude of the restraint force, and obtain the result by comparison. The functional relationship between the displacement to be measured and the standard geometric quantity is used to determine the magnitude of the displacement to be measured.
5. A load measurement method, characterized in that the geometric quantity measurement method adopts an external application object and a load measurement assembly, and the external application object is used to apply an arbitrary load to the load measurement assembly; the load measurement method includes: The step of measuring the internal force of the material using a load measuring component in claim 1 or 2, the material internal force comprises: an arbitrary load applied by the externally applied object to the load measuring component; the arbitrary load is determined by the rigid load The stacker is carried, and the arbitrary load causes the rigid load stacker to move or has a tendency to move; any load applied by the externally applied object to the load-measuring assembly is determined by the load-measuring assembly; the load The measurement method further includes: according to the preset loading parameters of the binding force, simplifying the binding force to a point to obtain a simplified result, and the simplified result is balanced with any load applied by the external loading object to the load determination component, so as to obtain a simplified result. Any load applied to the load determination assembly by the externally applied object is determined.
6. A device for measuring geometric quantities, comprising:

   an elastic load-carrying element for sensing the positional change of the measurement boundary relative to the inertial reference frame, and converting the positional change between the measurement boundaries into a change in the internal force of the material; the elastic load-carrying element at least includes a first load-bearing part and a second Bearing part; the bearing part of the elastic carrying element comprises at least one carrying unit; the carrying unit of the carrying part of the elastic carrying element comprises a single component positive direction of the carrying object to the elastic carrying element , negative or positive and negative forces;

   A load measuring assembly, using the inertial reference frame as a measurement reference, is used for measuring the internal force of the material transmitted by the elastic load-carrying element to the load measuring assembly, the load measuring assembly comprising a rigid load superimposition and at least one measuring a force component; the force measuring component, using the inertial reference frame as a measurement reference, is used to measure the restraining force provided by the force measuring component; the rigid load superimposing device includes at least a third bearing part and a fourth bearing part ; The bearing part of the rigid load stacker includes at least one bearing unit; The bearing unit of the bearing part of the rigid load stacker includes the elastic load-bearing element or the force-measuring component for the rigid load The single component of the stacker is the positive, negative, or both positive and negative forces; the fourth bearing part bears the effect of the first bearing part on the rigid load stacker, the third The load-bearing part carries the effect of the force-measuring component on the rigid load stacker; the force-measuring component is set according to preset position parameters, and the force-measuring component prevents the third bearing part from moving relative to it , the force-measuring component measures the binding force provided by it;

   The second bearing part is used to sense the positional change between the measurement boundaries, and the material internal force is transmitted from the first bearing part to the load measuring assembly, and the load measuring assembly hinders the load in at least one component direction. The first load bearing portion is moved relative to it, and the material internal force is determined by the load measuring assembly.
7. 7. The geometrical quantity measuring device according to claim 6, wherein the load-measuring component comprises one of the force-measuring components; and the elastic load-carrying element transmits a component of the internal force of the material to the force-measuring component ; The first load-bearing part transmits the material internal force of the one component to the force-measuring component; the force-measuring component is used to measure the one component transmitted by the elastic carrying element to the force-measuring component The internal force of the material; the force-measuring component is set according to the preset position parameters, and the force-measuring component hinders the first bearing part from moving relative to it in one component direction.
8. A displacement measuring device, characterized in that it comprises: the geometrical quantity measuring device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the second bearing part of the displacement measuring device and an external measuring object move synchronously in at least one component direction; The second bearing part is used for sensing the position and position change of the external measurement object relative to the load measuring component.
9. A load measuring device, characterized in that it comprises the load measuring assembly according to claim 6, wherein the material internal force includes any load applied to the load measuring assembly by an external application object; Any load applied by the external application object to the load measuring assembly; the bearing unit of the rigid load stacker bearing part includes the load bearing the external application object or the force measuring component to the rigid load stacker. A single component of positive, negative, or both positive and negative forces.
10. An elastic load-carrying element is characterized by comprising the elastic load-carrying element of claim 6, which can transmit any load.

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