WO2022048600A1 - 天线结构和电子设备 - Google Patents

天线结构和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022048600A1
WO2022048600A1 PCT/CN2021/116254 CN2021116254W WO2022048600A1 WO 2022048600 A1 WO2022048600 A1 WO 2022048600A1 CN 2021116254 W CN2021116254 W CN 2021116254W WO 2022048600 A1 WO2022048600 A1 WO 2022048600A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiator
port
antenna
gap
antenna structure
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PCT/CN2021/116254
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王珅
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Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd
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Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the field of communication technologies, and in particular relates to an antenna structure and an electronic device.
  • MIMO Multi-Input Multi-Output
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an antenna structure and an electronic device, which can solve the problem of increasing the volume of the electronic device caused by the multi-antenna communication system.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna structure, including: a first antenna and a second antenna, wherein the first antenna includes a first radiator, a second radiator, a first port, and a second port, so the second antenna includes a third radiator and a third port;
  • a first gap is formed between the first radiator and the third radiator, and a second gap is formed between the second radiator and the third radiator;
  • the first port is connected to the first end of the first radiator close to the first gap, the second end of the first radiator is grounded, and the second port is connected to the second radiator
  • the first end of the second radiator is close to the second gap, the second end of the second radiator is grounded, and the feed signal transmitted through the first port and the feed signal transmitted through the second port are out of phase
  • the third port is connected to the middle area of the third radiator, the first radiator and the second radiator are distributed on opposite sides of the first axis of symmetry, the first axis of symmetry and The intermediate regions intersect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, where the electronic device includes: the antenna structure described in the first aspect.
  • the third radiator is symmetrical along the first axis of symmetry, and the first radiator and the second radiator are distributed opposite to the first axis of symmetry on both sides, and the feed signal transmitted through the first port and the feed signal transmitted through the second port are out of phase.
  • the first port and the second port are respectively connected to one end of the first radiator and the second radiator which are respectively close to the third radiator, in addition, the third port is connected to the part in the middle area of the third radiator and close to one side , so that the current in the third radiator flows from the side connected to the third port to the opposite side, so that the feed currents in the first radiator and the second radiator can be made to be the same as
  • the feed current in the third radiator is in an orthogonal polarization state. That is, it is possible to realize the feed excitation of two polarized orthogonal current modes, so as to meet the isolation degree between the port of the first antenna and the port of the second antenna, the difference between the first antenna and the second antenna can be reduced.
  • the space between the radiators reduces the space occupied by the first antenna and the second antenna, thereby reducing the space for installing the antenna on the electronic device, and achieving the effect of reducing the volume of the electronic device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is one of feeding circuit diagrams in an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a second diagram of a feeding circuit in an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a current direction in an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the isolation degree of an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram of a feeding circuit in another antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the radiation efficiency of another antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 9a is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 9b is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 10a is a schematic diagram of another electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10b is a cross-sectional view of another electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • first, second and the like in the description and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It is to be understood that the data so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present application can be practiced in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein, and distinguish between “first”, “second”, etc.
  • the objects are usually of one type, and the number of objects is not limited.
  • the first object may be one or more than one.
  • “and/or” in the description and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character “/" generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or” relationship.
  • the antenna structure provided by the embodiments of the present application can reduce the separation distance between the two antennas and at the same time improve the isolation between the two antennas, thereby avoiding mutual crosstalk between uncorrelated coded signals and reducing the two antennas.
  • the coupling strength between the two antennas can avoid the problem that the external data throughput of the multi-antenna system is reduced due to the strong coupling between the two antennas, and the transmission rate of the multi-antenna system is slowed down, so that the overall antenna of the multi-antenna system can be improved. performance.
  • the above-mentioned multi-antenna system may be a radio frequency antenna system, for example: a 2x2 multi-input multi-output (Multi-Input Multi-Output, MIMO) communication system, which may also be a short-range communication system such as Bluetooth, which is not specifically limited here, and
  • MIMO multi-input multi-output
  • Bluetooth short-range communication system
  • the antenna structure provided by the embodiments of the present application can support the high-speed dual-Bluetooth antenna communication technology that requires extremely high isolation between antennas.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a feeding circuit diagram of an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna structure includes a first antenna 10 and a second antenna 20, wherein the first antenna 10 includes a first radiator 101, a second radiator 102, a first port 103 and a second port 104, and the second The antenna 20 includes a third radiator 201 and a third port 202 .
  • first gap 31 between the first radiator 101 and the third radiator 201
  • second gap 32 between the second radiator 102 and the third radiator 201 .
  • the first port 103 is connected to the first end of the first radiator 101 near the first gap 31 , the second end of the first radiator 101 is grounded, and the second port 104 is connected to the second radiator 102 near the second gap 32
  • the first end of the second radiator 102 is grounded, and the feed signal transmitted through the first port 103 and the feed signal transmitted through the second port 104 are in opposite phases
  • the third port 202 is connected to the third radiator
  • the first radiator 101 and the second radiator 102 are respectively located on opposite sides of the first symmetry axis A
  • the first symmetry axis A is the symmetry axis of the third radiator 201
  • the first symmetry axis A intersects the intermediate region.
  • first port 103, second port 104 and third port 202 are connection components between the antenna feeder line and the radiator, which may specifically be: elastic sheet, conductive foam, conductor line, electromagnetic coupling Contact or non-contact RF signal connection methods are not exhaustive here.
  • first port 103 , the second port 104 and the third port 202 can be connected to the corresponding radiators through wires, or can also be directly connected to the corresponding radiators through interfaces.
  • first end of the first radiator 101 that is close to the first gap 31 can be understood as the end with a smaller distance from the first gap 31 among the opposite ends of the first radiator 101 , for example, as shown in FIG. 1
  • the right end of the first radiator 101 in the illustrated embodiment; the first end of the second radiator 102 close to the second gap 32 can be understood as the distance between the opposite ends of the second radiator 102 and the second gap 32 is smaller
  • One end is the left end of the second radiator 102 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the feed signal transmitted through the first port 103 and the feed signal transmitted through the second port 104 are out of phase, and the first port 103 and the second port 104 are located at the ends of the corresponding radiators that are close to each other, so that The direction of the feed current transmitted into the first radiator 101 through the first port 103 is reversed from that of the feed current transmitted into the second radiator 102 through the second port 104, for example, as shown in FIG. 4 , when the feed current in the first radiator 101 flows from the second end to the first end, the feed current in the second radiator 102 flows from the first end to the second end.
  • first radiator 101, the second radiator 102 and the third radiator 103 may be strip-shaped or sheet-shaped conductive structures, such as metal sheets, etc.
  • the electronic The metal frame on the device constitutes the conductive structure, so as to reduce the space for assembling the antenna in the electronic device.
  • first radiator 101, the second radiator 102 and the third radiator 103 may also be metal structures disposed in the electronic device, such as metal sheets, laser direct structuring (LDS) traces, Flexible printed circuit (Flexible Printed Circuit, FPC) wiring, etc., are not specifically limited here.
  • metal sheets such as metal sheets, laser direct structuring (LDS) traces, Flexible printed circuit (Flexible Printed Circuit, FPC) wiring, etc., are not specifically limited here.
  • first radiator 101 second radiator 102 and third radiator 103 may have structures such as trapezoid, rhombus, etc., and the annular structure is not limited to the one shown in FIG. 1 . and the rectangle shown in 2.
  • first gap 31 and the second gap 32 are used to open the first end of the first radiator 101 , open the second end of the second radiator 102 , and open the two ends of the third radiator 201 , respectively. All are open circuit arrangement, the shape of the gap is not limited to a rectangle as shown in FIG. 1 , it can also be a wave shape, a trapezoid shape, and the like.
  • first gap 31 , the second gap 32 and the third gap 33 may be filled with non-conductive material or air.
  • the second end of the first radiator 101 and the second end of the second radiator 102 are grounded respectively, which can be understood as: the second end of the first radiator 101 and the second end of the second radiator 102
  • the two ends are respectively grounded, or it can also be understood as: the second end of the first radiator 101 and the second end of the second radiator 102 are respectively grounded at a preset resonant frequency.
  • the second end of the first radiator 101 when the second end of the first radiator 101 is connected to components such as capacitors or inductors, so as to transmit a current of a preset resonant frequency in the first radiator 101, the second end of the first radiator 101 is equivalent to a grounded state , that is, the second end of the first radiator 101 and the second end of the second radiator 102 are in an equivalent grounding state with respect to the resonant frequency of the antenna structure, respectively.
  • the first gap 31 and the second gap 32 the first end of the first radiator 101, the first end of the second radiator 102, and the opposite ends of the third radiator 201 can be opened respectively, so as to reduce the The transmission coefficient between the first radiator 101 and the third radiator 201 and the transmission coefficient between the second radiator 102 and the third radiator 201 are reduced, so as to improve the transmission coefficient between the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20 .
  • the effect of isolation is provided.
  • the first port 103 and the second port 104 respectively feed the first radiator 101 and the second radiator 102 differentially, and the first port 103 is connected to the first radiator 101 close to the third radiator 201 The first end, the second port 104 is connected to the first end of the second radiator 102 close to the third radiator 201 .
  • two polarized orthogonal current modes can be fed excited on the same low-profile structure.
  • the third radiator 201 includes a first side 2011 and a second side 2012, and the distance between the first connection point 2021 of the third port 202 on the third radiator 201 and the second side 2012 is greater than that of the first The distance between the connection point 2021 and the first side edge 2011, and the first connection point 2021 is located in the middle area.
  • the first connection point 2021 is located at a position on the first axis of symmetry A.
  • the third radiator 201 does not necessarily have an absolutely symmetrical structure with respect to the first symmetry axis A, and the third port 202 is connected to the first symmetry axis A of the third radiator 201
  • the position above can be understood as: the position where the third port 202 is connected to the third radiator 201 can be in the vicinity of the first symmetry axis A, that is, the third port 202 is connected to the middle area of the third radiator 201.
  • the first axis of symmetry A intersects this intermediate region.
  • the middle area may be a part of the third radiator 201, and the vertical distance between any point in the middle area and the first symmetry axis A is less than or equal to a preset distance value (for example: 0.5mm), then the
  • the third port 202 may be connected to the third radiator 201 through a connection point located in the middle area, and the connection point may be a solder pad or a connection interface or the like.
  • the third radiator 201 is not necessarily an absolutely symmetrical structure, and the position where the third port 202 is connected to the third radiator 201 may be near the first symmetry axis A, that is, the first connection point 2021 is located at In the middle area where the first axis of symmetry A is located, for example: a 1 mm area near the first axis of symmetry.
  • a first connection point 2021 may be provided on the third radiator 201 at a position close to one side of the third radiator 201 and located in the middle area, so that the third port 202 can be connected to the third radiator 201 through the first connection point 2021 The radiator 201 is connected.
  • a first connection point 2021 may also be provided in the middle area of the third radiator 201 and close to the first side and the second side respectively, so that the third port 202 can pass through Any one of the first connection points 2021 is connected to the third radiator 201 .
  • the third port 202 is provided with the third radiator 201 at the position of the third radiator 201 on the first axis of symmetry A and close to opposite sides of the rectangle. If a connection point 2021 is present, the third port 202 can be selectively connected to any one of the first connection points 2021 .
  • the third radiator 201 can also be a trapezoid, a rhombus, or even a 6-deformed structure, and the position of the first connection point 2021 on the third radiator 201 can be adjusted accordingly to make the current mode in the third radiator 201 It can be in an orthogonal polarization state with the current modes in the first radiator 101 and the second radiator 201 , respectively.
  • one end of the first radiator 101 close to the first gap 31 is provided with at least two second connection points 1031 spaced along the first direction (for example, on the first radiator 101 as shown in FIG. There are three second connection points 1031), and the first port 103 is connected to one of at least two second connection points 1031;
  • One end of the second radiator 102 close to the second gap 32 is provided with at least two third connection points 1041 spaced along the second direction (for example, as shown in FIG. 3 , the second radiator 102 is provided with three third connection points 1041 three connection points 1041), the second port 104 is connected to one of at least two third connection points 1041;
  • the first direction is parallel to the side of the first radiator 101 facing the first gap 31
  • the second direction is parallel to the side of the second radiator 102 facing the second gap 32 .
  • the first port 103 can be connected to the second connection points 1031 at different positions to achieve a small adjustment of the current transmission direction in the first radiator 101; by connecting the second port 104 to different positions
  • the third connection point 1041 of the radiator is connected to adjust the transmission direction of the current in the second radiator 102 with a small amplitude. It is beneficial to adjust the transmission direction of the current in the first radiator 101 and/or the second port 104 and improve the flexibility of the antenna structure.
  • the radiators of the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20 can be interspersed, and the size of the first antenna 10 and the second antenna can be reduced.
  • the separation distance between 20 can further reduce the volume of the electronic device.
  • the required current direction can be determined according to actual requirements, and the positions of the second connection point 1031 and the third connection point 1041 on the corresponding radiator can be determined based on the current direction, and the second connection point At least one of 1031 and the third connection point 1041 is fixedly disposed at a position determined on the corresponding radiator.
  • the first radiator 101 and the second radiator 102 may have symmetrical structures along the first symmetry axis A, for example, the symmetrical structures shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the first radiator 101 and the second radiator 102 may have an electrically symmetrical structure, which is not limited to the structure shown in FIG. 1 , and the first radiator, the second radiator 102 and the
  • the third radiator 201 may be a three-dimensional structure, such as a metal strip in the shape of a circular arc, a metal frame with a bent part, and the like.
  • the polarization orthogonal performance of the characteristic current mode can be improved.
  • the first port 103 and the second port 104 on the first antenna 10 are used to connect to the first antenna feed end 41 , and the first port 103 on the second antenna 20
  • the three ports 202 are used to connect to the second antenna feed end 42 , and the phase angle of the electrical signal transmitted to the first radiator 101 via the first port 103 and the electrical signal transmitted to the second radiator 102 via the second port 104 180 degrees out of phase (ie out of phase).
  • the third port 202 is connected to a position in the middle area of the third radiator 201 and close to the side of the third radiator 201, so that the electrical signal input to the third radiator 201 through the third port 202 can be
  • the side where the third port 202 is located is transmitted to the opposite side, so as to be orthogonal to the current transmitted on the first radiator 101 and the second radiator 102 respectively, and the orthogonal current mode is in the radiation polarization also orthogonal to each other.
  • the antenna structure further includes: a power divider 40 , a first phase-shifting element 50 and a second phase-shifting element 60 ;
  • the first port 103 is connected to the first end of the power divider 40 via the first phase shifting element 50
  • the second port 104 is connected to the power divider 40 via the second phase shifting element 60
  • the second end of the power divider 40 is connected to the second end, and the third end of the power divider 40 is used to connect with the first antenna feed end 41;
  • the phase angle between the electrical signal processed by the first phase shifting element 50 and the electrical signal processed by the second phase shifting element 50 differs by 180 degrees.
  • the power divider 40 is used to equally divide the feed signal of the first antenna feed end 41 into two sub-signals with the same amplitude and the same phase.
  • One of the sub-signals is passed through the first phase shifting element 50 and the first port.
  • 103 is transmitted to the first radiator 101
  • another sub-signal is transmitted to the second radiator 102 via the second phase shifting element 60 and the second port 104 .
  • the above-mentioned power divider may be a 3dB power divider, so as to reduce the loss caused by the power divider to the feed signal.
  • first phase shifting element may be the first radio frequency phase shifter 50
  • second phase shifting element may be the second radio frequency phase shifter 60 .
  • phase shift angle of the first radio frequency phase shifter 50 may be +90 degrees, and the phase shift angle of the second radio frequency phase shifter 60 may be -90 degrees.
  • the phase shift angle of the first radio frequency phase shifter 50 may be -90 degrees, and the phase shift angle of the second radio frequency phase shifter 60 may be +90 degrees.
  • phase shift angles of the first radio frequency phase shifter 50 and the second radio frequency phase shifter 60 can also be other phase shift angles except +90 degrees and -90 degrees, and it is only necessary to ensure that the first radio frequency phase shifter
  • the phase shift angle of 50 and the second radio frequency phase shifter 60 may differ by 180 degrees.
  • the antenna structure further includes: a power divider 40 and an inverter 70;
  • One of the first port 103 and the second port 104 ( FIG. 3 takes the connection between the second port 104 and the inverter 70 as an example), through the second port of the inverter 70 and the power divider 40 .
  • One end is electrically connected, and the other one of the first port 103 and the second port 104 is electrically connected to the second end of the power divider 40, and the third end of the power divider 40 is used for connecting with the second end of the power divider 40.
  • An antenna feed end 41 is connected.
  • the power divider 40 is used to equally divide the feed signal of the first antenna feed end 41 into two sub-signals with equal amplitude and the same phase, one of which is passed through the inverter 70 and the first port. 103 is transmitted to the first radiator 101, and the other sub-signal is transmitted to the second radiator 102 through the second port 104, or one of the sub-signals is transmitted to the second radiator through the inverter 70 and the second port 104 On 102 , another sub-signal is transmitted to the first radiator 101 via the first port 103 .
  • the antenna structure further includes: a power divider, the first port is electrically connected to the first end of the power divider through a first signal transmission line, and the second port is connected to the power divider through a second signal transmission line The second end of the power divider is electrically connected, and the third end of the power divider is connected to the first antenna feed end.
  • the length or impedance of the first signal transmission line and the second signal transmission line are different, so that the electrical signal transmitted to the first radiator 101 via the first signal transmission line and the electrical signal transmitted to the second radiator 102 via the second signal transmission line
  • the phase angles differ by 180 degrees.
  • the above-mentioned power divider can be replaced by a combiner, or other radio frequency device or radio frequency circuit with a power distribution function, and the feeding circuit of the first antenna is not specifically limited here.
  • the current in the first radiator 101 and the current in the second radiator 102 can be in a polarized orthogonal current mode.
  • the current flow in the ring structure can be as shown in Figure 4, wherein the current in the first radiator 101 is transmitted in the B direction, the current in the second radiator 102 is transmitted in the C direction, the first The current in the three radiators 201 is divided into two parts, one part of the current is transmitted in the D direction, and the other part of the current is transmitted in the D' direction.
  • the current flow direction in the ring structure can be periodically changed following the radiation frequency, which is not limited to the current flow direction as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the isolation between the first antenna and the second antenna can be increased, for example, as shown in Figure 5
  • the sampling points in the X region represent the first antenna (specifically the first port 103 and the second port 104) and the first antenna corresponding to the resonant frequency shown on the abscissa.
  • the transmission coefficient between the two antennas specifically, the third port 202 ). The smaller the transmission coefficient, the greater the isolation.
  • the transmission coefficient between the first antenna and the second antenna is as large as possible.
  • -140dB which is smaller than the transmission coefficient of -20dB to -30dB in the related art, which improves the isolation between the first antenna and the second antenna in the embodiment of the present application, thereby effectively reducing the first antenna.
  • Mutual interference with the second antenna can improve the radio frequency performance of the first antenna and the second antenna.
  • the line Y shown in FIG. 5 represents the reflection coefficient of the first antenna
  • the line Z represents the reflection coefficient of the second antenna.
  • the third radiator is symmetrical along the first axis of symmetry, and the first radiator and the second radiator are distributed opposite to the first axis of symmetry on both sides, and the feed signal transmitted through the first port and the feed signal transmitted through the second port are out of phase.
  • the first port and the second port are respectively connected to one end of the first radiator and the second radiator which are respectively close to the third radiator, in addition, the third port is connected to the part in the middle area of the third radiator and close to one side , so that the current in the third radiator flows from the side connected to the third port to the opposite side, so that the feed currents in the first radiator and the second radiator can be made to be the same as
  • the feed current in the third radiator is in an orthogonal polarization state. That is, it is possible to realize the feed excitation of two polarized orthogonal current modes, so as to meet the isolation degree between the port of the first antenna and the port of the second antenna, the difference between the first antenna and the second antenna can be reduced.
  • the space between the radiators reduces the space occupied by the first antenna and the second antenna, thereby reducing the space for installing the antenna on the electronic device, and achieving the effect of reducing the volume of the electronic device.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a feeding circuit diagram of another antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the relative positions among the first radiator 101 , the second radiator 102 and the third radiator 201 in this embodiment are the same as those shown in FIG. 1
  • the feeding circuit in this embodiment is the same as that shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the feeding circuit shown is the same and will not be repeated here. The difference is that: in the antenna structure shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. And the third radiator 201 has an isosceles trapezoid structure.
  • the lengths of two opposite sides of the third radiator 201 that are perpendicular to the first symmetry axis A are unequal, and the third port 202 is connected to the shorter one of the two opposite sides.
  • the upper side of the third radiator 201 is the first side 2011
  • the lower side is divided into the second side 2012
  • the length of the first side 2011 is greater than that of the second side 2012
  • the distance between the first connection point 2021 of the third port 202 on the third radiator 201 and the second side 2012 is smaller than the distance from the first side 2011 .
  • the current flow in the third radiator 201 can be further restricted, so as to improve the structure formed by the third radiator 201 .
  • the resonance bandwidth and radiation efficiency of the second antenna 20 can be shortening the length of the side of the third radiator 201 where the first connection point 2021 is located.
  • At least two first connection points 2021 may be disposed on the third radiator 201 along the direction of the first symmetry axis, and one first connection point 2021 is disposed close to the first side edge 2011 , a first connection point 2021 is disposed close to the second side 2012 , so that the third port 202 can be connected to the third radiator 201 through any of the first connection points 2021 .
  • the third port 202 is connected through a first connection point 2021 close to the first side 2011 , which can also further improve the resonance bandwidth and radiation efficiency of the second antenna 20 formed by the third radiator 201 .
  • the first radiator 101 includes a third side 1011 and a fourth side 1012 opposite to each other, and the length of the third side 1011 is greater than the length of the fourth side 1012
  • the distance between the second connection point 1031 of the first port 103 on the first radiator 101 and the fourth side edge 1012 is greater than the distance from the third side edge 1011 .
  • the second radiator 102 includes a fifth side 1021 and a sixth side 1022 that are opposite to each other.
  • the first The distance between the third connection point 1041 of the two ports 104 on the second radiator 102 and the sixth side 1022 is greater than the distance from the fifth side 1021 .
  • the first connection point 202 connected with the third port 202 , the second connection point 1031 connected with the first port 103 , and the third connection point connected with the second port 104 can be made 1041 is on the same side of the radiator. Furthermore, the line connecting the second connection point 1031 connected to the first port 103 and the third connection point 1041 connected to the second port 104 may be perpendicular to the first axis of symmetry A.
  • the ratio curve between the input power and the radiated power wherein the curve H is the ratio of the input power to the radiated power of the first antenna 10 in the antenna structure shown in FIG. 1; the curve I is the ratio of the input power to the radiated power of the second antenna 20 in the antenna structure shown in FIG. 1; the curve J is the ratio of the input power to the radiated power of the first antenna 10 in the antenna structure shown in FIG. 6; the curve K is the ratio of the input power to the radiated power of the second antenna 20 in the antenna structure shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the feeding circuit of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application is the same as the feeding circuit in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , and has the same working process, which is not repeated here.
  • the feeding circuit of the antenna structure provided in the embodiment of the present application may also be that the antenna structure in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 has the same feeding circuit, or the first port 103 and the first port 103 and the Differential feeding of the second port 104 .
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, where the electronic device includes the antenna structure provided in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the electronic device can reduce the size of the electronic device and improve the isolation between the two antennas, thereby improving the communication quality of the electronic device.
  • the radiator of the antenna structure may be formed by using the metal frame of the electronic device.
  • the electronic device may be a mobile phone with a metal frame 90, then the first radiator 101, the second radiator 102 and the third radiator 201 in the antenna structure can be made of electronic
  • the upper side of the metal frame of the device is formed, and the upper side of the metal frame is provided with two mutually spaced gaps to further form the first gap 31 and the second gap 32, and the upper side of the metal frame is on the upper side of the metal frame.
  • first radiator 101 is a metal frame located in the The part between the first gap 31 and the first ground terminal 91
  • the second radiator 102 is the part of the metal frame located between the second gap 32 and the second ground terminal 92
  • the third radiator 201 is the part of the metal frame located between the second gap 32 and the second ground terminal 92. The portion between the first gap 31 to the second gap 32 .
  • an insulating material such as plastic may be filled between the first gap 31 and the second gap 32, so as to open the radiators on both sides of the gap.
  • the radiator of the above-mentioned antenna structure can be arranged on any side of the metal frame.
  • the electronic device may be a wearable device (such as a watch, a wristband, etc.) with a circular metal frame 1000, then the first radiator 101, the first The second radiator 102 and the third radiator 201 may be formed by at least part of the circular metal frame 1000 , and the circular metal frame 1000 is provided with two mutually spaced gaps to further form the first gap 31 and the second gap 31 .
  • a wearable device such as a watch, a wristband, etc.
  • the first radiator 101, the first The second radiator 102 and the third radiator 201 may be formed by at least part of the circular metal frame 1000 , and the circular metal frame 1000 is provided with two mutually spaced gaps to further form the first gap 31 and the second gap 31 .
  • Two gaps 32, and the circular metal frame 1000 is also provided with two ground terminals (a first ground terminal 91 and a second ground terminal 92), and the first gap 31 and the second gap 32 are both located between the two ground terminals , the first radiator 101 is the part of the metal frame located between the first gap 31 and the first ground terminal 91 , and the second radiator 102 is the part of the metal frame located between the second gap 32 and the second ground terminal 92 Partly, the third radiator 201 is a part of the metal frame located between the first gap 31 to the second gap 32 .
  • an insulating material such as plastic may be filled between the first gap 31 and the second gap 32, so as to open the radiators on both sides of the gap.
  • the radiator in the antenna structure provided by the embodiments of the present application is formed by using the metal frame itself on the electronic device.
  • the antenna structure provided by the embodiments of the present application has strong isolation between antennas and occupies space. At the same time, it can also avoid adding a metal radiator to the electronic device, so that the occupied space of the antenna structure can be further reduced, thereby reducing the volume of the electronic device.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种天线结构和电子设备，属于通信技术领域。其中，天线结构包括：第一天线和第二天线，第一天线包括第一辐射体、第二辐射体、第一端口以及第二端口，第二天线包括第三辐射体和第三端口；第一辐射体与第三辐射体之间具有第一间隙，第二辐射体与第三辐射体之间具有第二间隙；第一端口连接于第一辐射体的靠近第一间隙的第一端，第一辐射体的第二端接地，第二端口连接于第二辐射体的靠近第二间隙的第一端，第二辐射体的第二端接地，第三端口连接于第三辐射体的中间区域，第一辐射体和第二辐射体分别位于于第一对称轴的相对两侧。

Description

天线结构和电子设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张在2020年9月4日在中国提交的中国专利申请号No.202010923246.1的优先权，其全部内容通过引用包含于此。
技术领域
本申请属于通信技术领域，具体涉及一种天线结构和电子设备。
背景技术
随着通信技术的发展，可以在电子设备上设置多个天线，以提升电子设备在信号传输中的数据吞吐量和通信距离等，例如：多输入多输出(Multi-Input Multi-Output，MIMO)技术。但是，在多天线通信系统中，需要增加天线之间的隔离度，以减小天线间的相互干扰，这将会降低通信系统的数据吞吐量，进而使传输速率变慢。
在相关技术中，为了提高天线间的隔离度，往往通过增加天线之间的间隔距离实现，这样，便增大了电子设备上用于安装天线的安装空间，使得电子设备的体积增大。
发明内容
本申请实施例的目的是提供一种天线结构和电子设备，能够解决多天线通信系统造成电子设备的体积增大的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请是这样实现的：
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种天线结构，包括：第一天线和第二天线，所述第一天线包括第一辐射体、第二辐射体、第一端口以及第二端口，所述第二天线包括第三辐射体和第三端口；
所述第一辐射体与所述第三辐射体之间具有第一间隙，所述第二辐射体与所述第三辐射体之间具有第二间隙；
所述第一端口连接于所述第一辐射体的靠近所述第一间隙的第一端，所述第一辐射体的第二端接地，所述第二端口连接于所述第二辐射体的靠近所述第二间隙的第一端，所述第二辐射体的第二端接地，且经所述第一端口传输的馈电信号与经所述第二端口传输的馈电信号反相，所述第三端口连接于所述第三辐射体的中间区域，所述第一辐射体和所述第二辐射体分布分别位于第一对称轴的相对两侧，所述第一对称轴与所述中间区域相交。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电子设备，所述电子设备包括：第一方面所述的天线结构。
在本申请实施例中，使两两相邻的辐射体之间具有间隙，第三辐射体沿第一对称轴对称，且第一辐射体和第二辐射体分布于该第一对称轴的相对两侧，且经所述第一端口传输的馈电信号与经所述第二端口传输的馈电信号反相。第一端口和第二端口分别连接于第一辐射体和第二辐射体分别靠近第三辐射体的一端，另外，第三端口连接于第三辐射体的中间区域内且靠近一个侧边的部位，从而使第三辐射体内的电流从第三端口连接的一侧流向相对的另一侧，这样，通过馈电激励的方式，可以使第一辐射体和第二辐射体内的馈电电流分别与第三辐射体内的馈电电流处于正交极化状态。即能够实现两个极化正交的电流模式的馈电激励，以在满足第一天线的端口和第二天线的端口之间的隔离度的情况下，能够缩小第一天线和第二天线的辐射体的间隔距离，从而减小了第一天线和第二天线的占用空间，从而能够减小电子设备上用于安装天线的空间，达到减小电子设备的体积的效果。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种天线结构的示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种天线结构中的馈电电路图之一；
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种天线结构中的馈电电路图之二；
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种天线结构中电流方向的示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种天线结构的隔离度的示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线结构的示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线结构中的馈电电路图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线结构的辐射效率的示意图；
图9a是本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的示意图；
图9b是本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的剖视图；
图10a是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的示意图；
图10b是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便本申请的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施，且“第一”、“第二”等所区分的对象通常为一类，并不限定对象的个数，例如第一对象可以是一个，也可以是多个。此外，说明书以及权利要求中“和/或”表示所连接对象的至少其中之一，字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请实施例提供的天线结构能够在缩小两个天线之间的间隔距离的同时，还能够提升两个天线之间的隔离度，从而避免互不相关的编码信号相互串扰，且降低两个天线之间的耦合强度，以避免两个天线之间的耦合较强导致的多天线系统对外的数据吞吐量降低，造成多天线系统的传输速率变慢的缺陷，从而能够提升多天线系统的整体天线性能。
其中，上述多天线系统可以是射频天线系统，例如：2x2多输入多输出(Multi-Input Multi-Output，MIMO)通信系统，其还可以是蓝牙等近距离通 信系统，在此不作具体限定，且利用本申请实施例提供的天线结构，能够支持对天线间隔离度要求极高的高速双蓝牙天线通信技术。
下面结合附图，通过具体的实施例及其应用场景对本申请实施例提供的天线结构和电子设备进行详细地说明。
请参阅图1和图2，其中，图1是本申请实施例提供的一种天线结构的示意图；图2是本申请实施例提供的一种天线结构中的馈电电路图。如图1所示，天线结构包括第一天线10和第二天线20，其中，第一天线10包括第一辐射体101、第二辐射体102、第一端口103以及第二端口104，第二天线20包括第三辐射体201和第三端口202。
其中，第一辐射体101与第三辐射体201之间具有第一间隙31，第二辐射体102与第三辐射体201之间具有第二间隙32。
第一端口103连接于第一辐射体101的靠近第一间隙31的第一端，第一辐射体101的第二端接地，第二端口104连接于第二辐射体102的靠近第二间隙32的第一端，第二辐射体102的第二端接地，且经第一端口103传输的馈电信号与经第二端口104传输的馈电信号反相，第三端口202连接于第三辐射体201的中间区域，第一辐射体101和第二辐射体102分别位于第一对称轴A的相对两侧，第一对称轴A为第三辐射体201的对称轴，且第一对称轴A与所述中间区域相交。
在具体实施中，上述第一端口103、第二端口104和第三端口202为天线馈电线路与辐射体之间的连接组件，其具体可以是：弹片、导电泡棉、导体线路、电磁耦合等接触或非接触式射频信号连接方式，在此并不穷举。且上述第一端口103、第二端口104和第三端口202可以通过导线与对应的辐射体连接，或者还可以通过接口直接连接于对应的辐射体上。
另外，上述第一辐射体101的靠近第一间隙31的第一端，可以理解为第一辐射体101的相对两端中与第一间隙31的距离较小的一端，例如：如图1所示实施例中第一辐射体101的右端；第二辐射体102的靠近第二间隙32的第一端，可以理解为第二辐射体102的相对两端中与第二间隙32的距离较小 的一端，为如图1所示实施例中第二辐射体102的左端。
在应用中，经第一端口103传输的馈电信号与经第二端口104传输的馈电信号反相，且第一端口103和第二端口104分别位于对应辐射体的相互靠近的一端，可以使经第一端口103传输至第一辐射体101内的馈电电流的流向与经第二端口104传输至第二辐射体102内的馈电电流的流向反相，例如：如图4所示，在第一辐射体101内的馈电电流由其第二端流向第一端时，第二辐射体102内的馈电电流由其第一端流向第二端。
另外，第一辐射体101、第二辐射体102和第三辐射体103可以是条状或者片状的导电结构，例如金属薄片等，在将该导电结构装配于电子设备上时，可以由电子设备上的金属边框构成该导电结构，以减小电子设备内用于装配天线的空间。
当然，上述第一辐射体101、第二辐射体102和第三辐射体103还可以是设置于电子设备内的金属结构，例如：金属薄片、激光直接成型(Laser Direct Structuring，LDS)走线、柔性电路板(Flexible Printed Circuit，FPC)走线等，在此不作具体限定。
需要说明的是，在实际应用中，上述第一辐射体101、第二辐射体102和第三辐射体103分别可以呈梯形、菱形等结构，在此并不限定该环状结构为如图1和2中所示的矩形。
而且，第一间隙31和第二间隙32分别用于使第一辐射体101的第一端开路设置，使第二辐射体102的第二端开路设置，且使第三辐射体201的两端均开路设置，该间隙的形状并不限定为如图1中所示的矩形，其还可以是波浪形、梯形等。
具体的，该第一间隙31、第二间隙32和第三间隙33内可以填充非导电材料或者空气。
另外，在实际应用中，第一辐射体101的第二端和第二辐射体102的第二端分别接地，可以理解为：第一辐射体101的第二端和第二辐射体102的第二端分别接地，或者其还可以理解为：在预设谐振频率下第一辐射体101 的第二端和第二辐射体102的第二端分别接地。例如：第一辐射体101的第二端与电容或者电感等元器件连接，以在第一辐射体101内传输预设谐振频率的电流时，第一辐射体101的第二端相当于接地状态，即第一辐射体101的第二端和第二辐射体102的第二端分别呈对所述天线结构的谐振频率而言的等效接地状态。
另外，通过设置第一间隙31和第二间隙32，能够使第一辐射体101的第一端、第二辐射体102的第一端以及第三辐射体201的相对两端分别开路，以降低第一辐射体101与第三辐射体201之间的传输系数，且降低第二辐射体102与第三辐射体201之间的传输系数，达到提升第一天线10与第二天线20之间的隔离度的效果。
具体的，第一端口103和第二端口104分别对第一辐射体101和第二辐射体102进行差分馈电，且第一端口103连接于第一辐射体101的靠近第三辐射体201的第一端，第二端口104连接于第二辐射体102的靠近第三辐射体201的第一端。这样，可以将两个极化正交的电流模式在同一个低剖面结构上实现馈电激励。
可选的，第三辐射体201包括第一侧边2011和第二侧边2012，第三端口202在第三辐射体201上的第一连接点2021与第二侧边2012的距离大于第一连接点2021与第一侧边2011的距离，且第一连接点2021位于中间区域内。
一种实施方式，第一连接点2021位于第一对称轴A上的部位。
需要说明的是，在实际应用中，第三辐射体201并不一定关于第一对称轴A呈绝对对称的结构，且所述第三端口202连接于第三辐射体201的第一对称轴A上的部位可以理解为：第三端口202与第三辐射体201连接的位置可以在第一对称轴A的附近，即第三端口202连接于第三辐射体201的中间区域内即可，该第一对称轴A与该中间区域相交。具体的，所述中间区域可以是第三辐射体201的部分，且该中间区域内任意点与第一对称轴A的垂直距离小于或者等于预设距离值(例如：0.5mm)，则所述第三端口202可以通 过位于该中间区域内的连接点与第三辐射体201连接，该连接点可以是焊垫或者连接接口等。
在实际应用中，第三辐射体201并不一定是绝对对称的结构，且第三端口202与第三辐射体201连接的位置可以在第一对称轴A的附近，即第一连接点2021位于第一对称轴A所在的中间区域内，例如：与第一对称轴间附近1毫米的区域。
在一种实施方式中，可以在第三辐射体201上靠近其一个侧边且位于中间区域内的位置设置第一连接点2021，以使第三端口202通过该第一连接点2021与第三辐射体201连接。
在另一种实施方式中，还可以在第三辐射体201的位于中间区域内，且分别靠近第一侧边和第二侧边的位置设置第一连接点2021，以使第三端口202通过任一个第一连接点2021与第三辐射体201连接。
例如：在第三辐射体201为如图1所示矩形的情况下，第三端口202在第三辐射体201的位于第一对称轴A上且分别靠近矩形的相对两侧的位置处设置第一连接点2021，则第三端口202可以选择连接于其中任一个第一连接点2021。
当然，第三辐射体201还可以是梯形、菱形甚至6变形等结构，则可以相应的调整第一连接点2021在第三辐射体201上的位置，以使第三辐射体201内的电流模式能够与第一辐射体101和第二辐射体201内的电流模式分别呈正交极化状态。
可选的，第一辐射体101的靠近第一间隙31的一端设置有沿第一方向间隔设置的至少两个第二连接点1031(例如：如图3中所示的第一辐射体101上设置有3个第二连接点1031)，第一端口103与至少两个第二连接点1031中的一个连接；
和/或，
第二辐射体102的靠近第二间隙32的一端设置有沿第二方向间隔设置至少两个第三连接点1041(例如：如图3中所示的第二辐射体102上设置有 3个第三连接点1041)，第二端口104与至少两个第三连接点1041中的一个连接；
其中，所述第一方向与第一辐射体101的朝向第一间隙31的侧边平行，所述第二方向与第二辐射体102的朝向第二间隙32的侧边平行。
在具体实施中，可以通过使第一端口103与不同位置的第二连接点1031连接，以实现小幅度的调节第一辐射体101内的电流的传输方向；通过使第二端口104与不同位置的第三连接点1041连接，以实现小幅度的调节第二辐射体102内的电流的传输方向。有利于对第一辐射体101和/或第二端口104内的电流的传输方向的调节，提升天线结构的灵活性。
本实施方式，能够在满足第一天线10和第二天线20之间的隔离度的同时，时第一天线10和第二天线20的辐射体穿插设置，能够缩小第一天线10和第二天线20之间的间隔距离，进而能够减小电子设备的体积。
当然，在实际应用中，可以根据实际需求，确定所需的电流方向，并基于该电流方向确定第二连接点1031和第三连接点1041在对应辐射体上的位置，并将第二连接点1031和第三连接点1041中的至少一个固定设置于在对应辐射体上确定的位置处。
这样，可以减少不必要的连接点的设置。
作为一种可选的实施方式，第一辐射体101和第二辐射体102，可以沿第一对称轴A呈对称结构，例如：如图1中所示的对称结构。
当然，在具体实施中，第一辐射体101和第二辐射体102呈电气对称结构即可，其并不限定为如图1中所示结构，且第一辐射体、第二辐射体102以及第三辐射体201可以是立体结构，例如：呈圆弧状的金属条、具有弯折部位的金属框等。
本实施方式中，通过使第一辐射体101和第二辐射体102沿第一对称轴A呈对称结构，能够提升特征电流模式的极化正交性能。
在一种可选的实施方式中，如图2所示，第一天线10上的第一端口103和第二端口104用于与第一天线馈电端41连接，第二天线20上的第三端口 202用于与第二天线馈电端42连接，且经第一端口103传输至第一辐射体101的电信号与经第二端口104传输至第二辐射体102的电信号的相位角相差180度(即反相)。
同时，第三端口202连接于第三辐射体201的中间区域内且靠近第三辐射体201的侧边的部位，这样，可以使经第三端口202输至第三辐射体201的电信号由第三端口202所在的一侧向相对的另一侧传输，以实现与第一辐射体101和第二辐射体102上传输的电流分别正交，且该正交的电流模式在辐射极化上也相互正交。
为了实现：经第一端口103和第二端口104的差分馈电，可以采用以下任一种方式：
方式一
如图2所示，所述天线结构还包括：功分器40、第一移相元件50和第二移相元件60；
所述第一端口103经所述第一移相元件50与所述功分器40的第一端连接，所述第二端口104经所述第二移相元件60与所述功分器40的第二端连接，所述功分器40的第三端用于与第一天线馈电端41连接；
经所述第一移相元件50处理后的电信号和经所述第二移相元件50处理后的电信号之间的相位角相差180度。
其中，功分器40用于将第一天线馈电端41的馈电信号等分为两个振幅相等，且相位相同的子信号，其中一个子信号经第一移相元件50和第一端口103传输至第一辐射体101上，另一个子信号经第二移相元件60和第二端口104传输至第二辐射体102上。
另外，在具体实施中，上述功分器可以是3dB的功分器，以减小功分器对馈电信号产生的损耗。
另外，上述第一移相元件可以是第一射频移相器50，第二移相元件可以是第二射频移相器60。
进一步的，第一射频移相器50的移相角可以是+90度，第二射频移相器 60的移相角可以是-90度。或者，第一射频移相器50的移相角可以是-90度，第二射频移相器60的移相角可以是+90度。
当然，上述第一射频移相器50和第二射频移相器60的移相角还可以是除了+90度和-90度之外的其他移相角，仅需确保第一射频移相器50和第二射频移相器60的移相角相差180度即可。
方式二
如图3所示，所述天线结构还包括：功分器40和反相器70；
所述第一端口103和所述第二端口104中的一个(图3以第二端口104与反相器70连接为例)，经所述反相器70与所述功分器40的第一端电连接，所述第一端口103和所述第二端口104中的另一个与所述功分器40的第二端电连接，所述功分器40的第三端用于与第一天线馈电端41连接。
在工作中，功分器40用于将第一天线馈电端41的馈电信号等分为两个振幅相等，且相位相同的子信号，其中一个子信号经反相器70和第一端口103传输至第一辐射体101上，另一个子信号经第二端口104传输至第二辐射体102上，或者，其中一个子信号经反相器70和第二端口104传输至第二辐射体102上，另一个子信号经第一端口103传输至第一辐射体101上。
方式三
所述天线结构还包括：功分器，所述第一端口经第一信号传输线与所述功分器的第一端电连接，所述第二端口经第二信号传输线与所述功分器的第二端电连接，所述功分器的第三端与第一天线馈电端连接。
其中，第一信号传输线与第二信号传输线的长度或者阻抗不同，以使经第一信号传输线传输至第一辐射体101的电信号与经第二信号传输线传输至第二辐射体102的电信号的相位角相差180度。
需要说明的是，在实施方式一和实施方式二中，与第一端口103至第一天线馈电端之间的信号传输线与第二端口104至第一天线馈电端之间的信号传输线的长度相等，或者两者之间的长度差造成的相位差为0。
另外，在实际应用中，可以将上述功分器替换为：合路器，或其他具备功 率分配功能的射频器件或射频电路，在此并不对第一天线的馈电电路作具体限定。
通过上述任一实施方式中的馈电电路后，可以使第一辐射体101内的电流与第二辐射体102内的电流呈极化正交电流模式。
例如：在某一时刻，环状结构内的电流流向可以如图4所示，其中，第一辐射体101内的电流沿B方向传输，第二辐射体102内的电流沿C方向传输，第三辐射体201内的电流分为两个部分，其中一部分电流沿D方向传输，另一部分电流沿D’方向传输。
需要说明的是，环状结构内的电流流向可以跟随辐射频率进行周期性的变化，其并不限定为如图4所示电流流向。
通过在条状导电结构上实现将两个极化正交的电流模式在环状结构上实现馈电激励，能够使第一天线与第二天线之间的隔离度增大，例如：如图5所示实施例中的X区域内的采样点所示，该X区域内的采样点表示与横坐标所示谐振频率对应的第一天线(具体为第一端口103和第二端口104)和第二天线(具体为第三端口202)之间的传输系数，该传输系数越小，则表示隔离度越大，如图5所示，第一天线和第二天线之间的传输系数大可以达到-140dB，其相较于相关技术中通常为-20dB～-30dB的传输系数小，从而提升了本申请实施例中第一天线与第二天线的隔离度大，从而能够有效地降低第一天线与第二天线之间的相互干扰，能够提升第一天线与第二天线的射频性能。
另外，图5中所示线条Y表示第一天线的反射系数，线条Z表示第二天线的反射系数。
在本申请实施例中，使两两相邻的辐射体之间具有间隙，第三辐射体沿第一对称轴对称，且第一辐射体和第二辐射体分布于该第一对称轴的相对两侧，且经所述第一端口传输的馈电信号与经所述第二端口传输的馈电信号反相。第一端口和第二端口分别连接于第一辐射体和第二辐射体分别靠近第三辐射体的一端，另外，第三端口连接于第三辐射体的中间区域内且靠近一个侧边的部位，从而使第三辐射体内的电流从第三端口连接的一侧流向相对的 另一侧，这样，通过馈电激励的方式，可以使第一辐射体和第二辐射体内的馈电电流分别与第三辐射体内的馈电电流处于正交极化状态。即能够实现两个极化正交的电流模式的馈电激励，以在满足第一天线的端口和第二天线的端口之间的隔离度的情况下，能够缩小第一天线和第二天线的辐射体的间隔距离，从而减小了第一天线和第二天线的占用空间，从而能够减小电子设备上用于安装天线的空间，达到减小电子设备的体积的效果。
请参阅图6和图7，其中，图6是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线结构的示意图；图7是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线结构中的馈电电路图。本实施方式中的第一辐射体101、第二辐射体102和第三辐射体201之间的相对位置与如图1所示相对位置相同，且本实施方式中的馈电电路与如图1所示馈电电路相同，在此不再赘述，不同之处在于：如图6和图7中所示天线结构中，第一辐射体101和第二辐射体102分别呈对称的直角梯形结构，且第三辐射体201呈等腰梯形结构。
所述第三辐射体201中与所述第一对称轴A垂直的两个相对侧边的长度不相等，第三端口202连接于所述两个相对侧边中较短的一个侧边。
具体的，如图6所示，第三辐射体201的上侧边为第一侧边2011，下侧边分为第二侧边2012，且第一侧边2011的长度大于第二侧边2012的长度的情况下，第三端口202在第三辐射体201上的第一连接点2021与第二侧边2012的距离小于与第一侧边2011的距离。
本实施方式中，通过缩短第一连接点2021所在的第三辐射体201上的侧边的长度，可以进一步约束第三辐射体201内的电流流向，以达到提升第三辐射体201所构成的第二天线20的谐振带宽和辐射效率。
在具体实施中，如图6所示，可以在第三辐射体201上沿第一对称轴的方向设置至少两个第一连接点2021，且一个第一连接点2021靠近第一侧边2011设置，一个第一连接点2021靠近第二侧边2012设置，以使第三端口202能够通过任一个第一连接点2021与第三辐射体201连接。
相应的，在第三端口202通过靠近第一侧边2011的一个第一连接点2021 连接，同样可以实现进一步提升第三辐射体201所构成的第二天线20的谐振带宽和辐射效率。
可选的，如图6所示，第一辐射体101包括相对的第三侧边1011和第四侧边1012，在第三侧边1011的长度大于所述第四侧边1012的长度的情况下，所述第一端口103在所述第一辐射体101上的第二连接点1031与所述第四侧边1012的距离大于与所述第三侧边1011的距离。
本实施方式中，通过使第一端口103与靠近第三侧边1011的一个第二连接点1031连接，可以实现进一步提升第一辐射体101和第二辐射体102所构成的第一天线10的谐振带宽和辐射效率。
可选的，如图6所示，第二辐射体102包括相对的第五侧边1021和第六侧边1022，在五侧边1021的长度大于第六侧边1022的长度的情况下，第二端口104在第二辐射体102上的第三连接点1041与第六侧边1022的距离大于与第五侧边1021的距离。
本实施方式中，通过使第二端口103与靠近第五侧边1021的一个第三连接点1041连接，可以实现进一步提升第一辐射体101和第二辐射体102所构成的第一天线10的谐振带宽和辐射效率。
在具体实施中，如图2所示，可以使与第三端口202连接的第一连接点202、与第一端口103连接的第二连接点1031以及与第二端口104连接的第三连接点1041位于辐射体的同一侧。更进一步的，与第一端口103连接的第二连接点1031以及与第二端口104连接的第三连接点1041之间的连线，可以与第一对称轴A垂直。
具体的，如图8所示，输入功率与辐射功率之间的比值曲线图，其中，曲线H为如图1所示天线结构中的第一天线10的输入功率与辐射功率的比值；曲线I为如图1所示天线结构中的第二天线20的输入功率与辐射功率的比值；曲线J为如图6所示天线结构中的第一天线10的输入功率与辐射功率的比值；曲线K为如图6所示天线结构中的第二天线20的输入功率与辐射功率的比值。
其中，输入功率与辐射功率之间的比值越大，则表示该天线的性能越好。有图8可知，如图6所示天线结构中的第一天线10的性能和第二天线20的性能分别相较于如图1所示天线结构中的第一天线10的性能和第二天线20的性能有所提升。
如图7所示，本申请实施例提供的天线结构的馈电电路与如图2所示实施例中的馈电电路相同，且具有相同的工作过程，在此不再赘述。
相应的，本申请实施例提供的天线结构的馈电电路还可以是如图3所示实施例中的天线结构具有相同的馈电电路，或者通过信号传输线路的长度差异实现第一端口103和第二端口104的差分馈电。
本申请实施例还提供一种电子设备，该电子设备包括上述任一实施例提供的天线结构。
该电子设备通过装配本申请实施例提供的天线结构，能够减小电子设备的尺寸，且提升两个天线之间的隔离度，从而能够提升电子设备的通信质量。
另外，在具体实施中，可以利用电子设备的金属边框构成所述天线结构的辐射体。
例如：如图9a和图9b所示，该电子设备可以是具有金属边框90的手机，则所述天线结构中的第一辐射体101、第二辐射体102和第三辐射体201可以由电子设备的金属边框的上侧边构成，且该金属边框的上侧边开设有两条相互间隔的缝隙，以更别构成第一间隙31和第二间隙32，且该金属边框的上侧边上还设置有两个接地端(第一接地端91和第二接地端92)，第一间隙31和第二间隙32均位于两个接地端之间，则第一辐射体101为金属边框的位于第一间隙31至第一接地端91之间的部分，第二辐射体102为金属边框的位于第二间隙32至第二接地端92之间的部分，第三辐射体201为金属边框的位于第一间隙31至第二间隙32之间的部分。
其中，第一间隙31和第二间隙32之间可以填充塑料等绝缘材料，以使该间隙两侧的辐射体开路。
需要说明的是，在实际应用中，上述天线结构的辐射体可以设置于金属 边框的任一侧边上。
再例如：如图10a和图10b所示，该电子设备可以是具有圆形金属边框1000的佩戴式设备(例如手表、腕带等)，则所述天线结构中的第一辐射体101、第二辐射体102和第三辐射体201可以由该圆形金属边框1000的至少部分构成，且该圆形金属边框1000上开设有两条相互间隔的缝隙，以更别构成第一间隙31和第二间隙32，且该圆形金属边框1000上还设置有两个接地端(第一接地端91和第二接地端92)，第一间隙31和第二间隙32均位于两个接地端之间，则第一辐射体101为金属边框的位于第一间隙31至第一接地端91之间的部分，第二辐射体102为金属边框的位于第二间隙32至第二接地端92之间的部分，第三辐射体201为金属边框的位于第一间隙31至第二间隙32之间的部分。
其中，第一间隙31和第二间隙32之间可以填充塑料等绝缘材料，以使该间隙两侧的辐射体开路。
本申请实施例中，利用电子设备上本身具有的金属边框构成本申请实施例提供的天线结构中的辐射体，在具有本申请实施例提供的天线结构具有的天线间隔离度强，且占用空间小的同时，还能够避免在电子设备上新增金属辐射体，从而能够进一步减小天线结构的占用空间，进而减小了电子设备的体积。
需要说明的是，在本文中，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者装置所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括该要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置中还存在另外的相同要素。此外，需要指出的是，本申请实施方式中的方法和装置的范围不限按示出或讨论的顺序来执行功能，还可包括根据所涉及的功能按基本同时的方式或按相反的顺序来执行功能，例如，可以按不同于所描述的次序来执行所描述的方法，并且还可以添加、省去、或组 合各种步骤。另外，参照某些示例所描述的特征可在其他示例中被组合。
上面结合附图对本申请的实施例进行了描述，但是本申请并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的启示下，在不脱离本申请宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，均属于本申请的保护之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种天线结构，包括：第一天线和第二天线，所述第一天线包括第一辐射体、第二辐射体、第一端口以及第二端口，所述第二天线包括第三辐射体和第三端口；
    所述第一辐射体与所述第三辐射体之间具有第一间隙，所述第二辐射体与所述第三辐射体之间具有第二间隙；
    所述第一端口连接于所述第一辐射体的靠近所述第一间隙的第一端，所述第一辐射体的第二端接地，所述第二端口连接于所述第二辐射体的靠近所述第二间隙的第一端，所述第二辐射体的第二端接地，且经所述第一端口传输的馈电信号与经所述第二端口传输的馈电信号反相，所述第三端口连接于所述第三辐射体的中间区域，所述第一辐射体和所述第二辐射体分别位于第一对称轴的相对两侧，所述第一对称轴与所述中间区域相交。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线结构，其中，
    所述第三辐射体包括第一侧边和第二侧边，所述第三端口在所述第三辐射体上的第一连接点与所述第一侧边的距离大于所述第一连接点与所述第二侧边的距离，且所述第一连接点位于所述中间区域内。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线结构，其中，所述第一辐射体的靠近所述第一间隙的一端设置有沿第一方向间隔设置的至少两个第二连接点，所述第一端口与所述至少两个第二连接点中的一个连接；
    和/或，
    所述第二辐射体的靠近所述第二间隙的一端设置有沿第二方向间隔设置至少两个第三连接点，所述第二端口与所述至少两个第三连接点中的一个连接；
    其中，所述第一方向与所述第一辐射体的朝向所述第一间隙的侧边平行，所述第二方向与所述第二辐射体的朝向所述第二间隙的侧边平行。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的天线结构，还包括：功分器、第一移相元件和 第二移相元件；
    所述第一端口经所述第一移相元件与所述功分器的第一端连接，所述第二端口经所述第二移相元件与所述功分器的第二端连接，所述功分器的第三端与第一天线馈电端连接；
    经所述第一移相元件处理后的电信号和经所述第二移相元件处理后的电信号之间的相位角相差180度。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的天线结构，还包括：功分器和反相器；
    所述第一端口和所述第二端口中的一个，经所述反相器与所述功分器的第一端电连接，所述第一端口和所述第二端口中的另一个与所述功分器的第二端电连接，所述功分器的第三端用于与第一天线馈电端连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的天线结构，其中，所述第一辐射体和所述第二辐射体沿所述第一对称轴对称分布。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的天线结构，其中，所述第三辐射体的与所述第一对称轴垂直的两个相对侧边的长度不相等，第三端口连接于所述两个相对侧边中较短的一个侧边。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的天线结构，其中，所述第一辐射体包括相对的第三侧边和第四侧边，在所述第三侧边的长度大于所述第四侧边的长度的情况下，所述第一端口在所述第一辐射体上的第二连接点与所述第四侧边的距离大于与所述第三侧边的距离。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的天线结构，其中，所述第二辐射体包括相对的第五侧边和第六侧边，在所述五侧边的长度大于所述第六侧边的长度的情况下，所述第二端口在所述第二辐射体上的第三连接点与所述第六侧边的距离大于与所述第五侧边的距离。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的天线结构，其中，所述第三辐射体中与所述第一对称轴垂直的两个相对侧边为第一侧边和第二侧边，在所述第一侧边的长度大于所述第二侧边的长度的情况下，所述第三端口在所述第三辐射体上的第一连接点与所述第二侧边的距离小于与所述第一侧边的距离。
  11. 一种电子设备，包括：如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的天线结构。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电子设备，其中，所述天线结构中的第一辐射体、第二辐射体和第三辐射体由所述电子设备的金属边框构成。
PCT/CN2021/116254 2020-09-04 2021-09-02 天线结构和电子设备 Ceased WO2022048600A1 (zh)

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