WO2022047769A1

WO2022047769A1 - Closed-loop internal circulation moving bed cracking device and working method therefor

Info

Publication number: WO2022047769A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/113693
Authority: WO
Inventors: 杨成志; 韩方远
Original assignee: 杨成志; 韩方远
Priority date: 2020-09-01
Filing date: 2020-09-07
Publication date: 2022-03-10

Abstract

A closed-loop internal circulation moving bed cracking device and a working method therefor, comprising the following components: cracking cylinders (7), wherein N of which are provided, N is a natural number of three or more, a screw pusher (6) is provided in the interiors thereof, the cracking cylinders are sequentially and detachably connected end-to-end, one of the cracking cylinders is a first stage cracking cylinder (21), the remainder are, in order, a second stage cracking cylinder (23), a third stage cracking cylinder (16), ..., an N-1th stage cracking cylinder, and an Nth stage cracking cylinder, a certain amount of a heating body is provided within each cracking cylinder, and the screw pushers (6) of the cracking cylinders are driven by a variable speed motor having an adjustable rotational speed connected to an end portion flange mounted outside of a heating furnace (3); a heating mechanism; and a feeder (1), which communicates with a feeding end of the first stage cracking cylinder (21). At least one cracking cylinder among the first stage cracking cylinder (21) to the Nth stage cracking cylinder is provided with a cracked gas outlet channel and is connected to a double-gas-inlet-type high-temperature cyclone separator (5); among the cracking cylinders among the first stage cracking cylinder (21) to the Nth stage cracking cylinder and that are near a rear end, at least one cracking cylinder has an opening below same, and a slag discharge mechanism is installed at the opening portion along an axial direction.

Description

A closed-loop internal circulation moving bed cracking device and its working method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of thermal cracking, in particular to a closed-loop internal circulation moving bed cracking device and a working method thereof.

Background technique

The high-value recycling of polymer wastes such as waste plastic products, waste acrylic products, waste rubber products, and waste chemical fiber fabrics generally adopts thermal cracking technology as a pre-treatment method. Among them, the existing continuous moving bed crackers all have poor heat transfer efficiency, slow pyrolysis speed, individual materials are discharged before pyrolysis when the material components are mixed, and the comprehensive adaptability to different materials is poor. And other issues.

The present invention aims to solve this technical problem, and provides a pyrolysis device suitable for continuous, large-scale, high-efficiency treatment of polymer waste and strong comprehensive adaptability when different materials are mixed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One of the objectives of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a closed-loop internal circulation moving bed cracking device for polymer waste. It has two functions of cylinder heating and heating body extrusion heating, and its closed-loop internal circulation function can recycle and crack the materials, that is, the materials that have not been cracked in the first cycle can enter the second cycle and continue to crack until the cracking is completed. The heating body has the functions of heating and crushing, and the heating capacity of the material to be pyrolyzed is more uniform and efficient. The cracking device of the invention has the adjustability of the material moving speed and the cracking temperature, and has stronger comprehensive adaptability when dealing with different materials, and can realize the large-scale cracking treatment of different types of polymer wastes.

The second purpose of the present invention is to provide a working method of a closed-loop internal circulation moving bed cracking device for polymer waste.

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is:

A closed-loop internal circulating moving bed cracking device, characterized in that the cracking device comprises the following components:

There are N pieces of cracking cylinders, where N is a natural number of three or more, and screw pushers are arranged inside them. The cracking drum is a first-stage cracking drum, and the rest are followed by the second-stage cracking drum, the third-stage cracking drum, ..., the N-1-stage cracking drum and the N-stage cracking drum, and each cracking drum is provided with a certain amount of heating bodies;

The screw feeders of the two-stage cracking drum, the third-stage cracking drum, ..., the N-1-stage cracking drum and the N-stage cracking drum are all connected by the end flanges arranged outside the heating furnace. Driven by a variable speed motor;

A heating mechanism for heating the cracking cylinder assembly;

The feeder is communicated with the feeding end of the first-stage cracking drum, the screw pusher of the first-stage cracking drum extends through the feeder cavity, and its shaft end is further extended, which is connected with the external drive for driving feeding and pushing. motor connection;

At least one of the first-stage cracking drum to the N-stage cracking drum is provided with a cracking gas outlet channel, and the cracking gas outlet channel is connected to a double-inlet type high-temperature cyclone;

From the first-stage cracking drum to the cracking drum near the rear end of the N-stage cracking drum, at least one cracking drum is opened at the bottom, and a slag discharge mechanism is installed in the opening part along the axial direction.

Preferably, it also includes a heating furnace, the heating furnace is provided with a cavity, the cracking cylinder assembly is horizontally placed in the cavity of the heating furnace, the heating mechanism is located directly below the cracking cylinder assembly, and the heating mechanism adopts electric heating or hot air heating.

Preferably, the slag discharge mechanism is constituted as follows: the opening part is provided with a separation screen along the axial direction, and the gap of the separation screen can prevent the heating body from passing through but can pass through the powder slag of the cracked material; the opening part is also installed with a cracking cylinder. The slag powder outlet pipeline is sealed and connected, and the slag powder outlet pipeline is led out from the bottom of the heating furnace.

Preferably, the separating screen is several grid bars spaced apart from each other.

Preferably, N is four, the first-stage cracking drum and the third-stage cracking drum are provided with a cracked gas outlet channel, and the slag discharge mechanism is provided in the fourth-stage cracking drum.

More preferably, the cracking cylinders are connected by flanges in sequence, adjacent cracking cylinders are arranged at an angle of 90°, and the cracking cylinder assembly is square or rectangular.

Preferably, the heating mechanism adopts hot air heating, including an annular hot air duct distributed under the cracking cylinder assembly, the inlet of the hot air duct is connected to the outlet of the burner, and there are several hot air outlets at the top, and the burner passes the fuel by burning the fuel. Provide heat to heat the air, transport it into the hot air duct, and heat the cracking cylinder through the hot air outlet; the burner is any one of an oil burner, a gas burner, a dual-fuel burner and a biomass burner.

Preferably, the output end of the feeder is provided with a compression section, and the screw pusher of a section of the cracking drum extends through the compression section of the feeder.

Preferably, the heating body is spherical. The spherical heating body has good fluidity and good extrusion, grinding and pulverizing effects.

A working method of a closed-loop internal circulation moving bed cracking device, the steps are as follows:

S1: Put an appropriate amount of heating balls from the feeder one after another, enter the cracking cylinder through the compression section, and under the push of the screw pusher, the heating balls move along the first-stage cracking cylinder, the second-stage cracking cylinder, the third-stage cracking cylinder, ..., The N-1 segment cracking drum and the N segment cracking drum move and are basically evenly distributed in each segment cracking drum;

S2: During heating, the hot air heats up each section of the cracking cylinder through the hot air outlet, and simultaneously heats the heating balls to the process temperature through the cracking cylinder wall;

S3: After the material enters the feeder, it is compressed and compacted in the compression section of the feeder to avoid bringing in air and preventing the backflow of cracked gas. After the material enters the first cracking cylinder through the compression section, the material begins to loosen and interact with the heating ball. During the continuous movement of the material and the heating ball by the screw feeder, the material is stirred, crushed and heated to the process temperature by the cracking cylinder and the heating ball, and gradually begins to crack, and the cracked gas passes through the cracked gas outlet. After entering the double-inlet type high-temperature cyclone separator to separate the dust entrained by the cracked gas, the cracked gas enters the next process, and the dust is discharged to the subsequent process through the second slag outlet of the double-inlet type high-temperature cyclone separator;

S4: The material has basically been cracked when it passes through the second-stage cracking drum, the third-stage cracking drum, ..., the N-1-stage cracking drum and the N-stage cracking drum within the set process time. When passing through the separation screen, the slag powder passes through The slag discharge mechanism is discharged, and individual large pieces of uncracked materials and heating balls cannot pass through the slag discharge mechanism, and then the screw pusher moves to a cracking cylinder to mix with new materials, and enters the second inner cycle until all materials are completed. Cracking.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the closed-loop internal circulation structure can carry out continuous operation, and part of the refractory materials can be cracked again during the circulation process, thereby enhancing the device efficiency; The crushing effect can greatly improve the cracking efficiency of the cracking device; the adjustability of the material moving speed and heating temperature enables the cracking device to adapt to the cracking conditions of a variety of different polymer wastes, and expands the scope of application of the cracking device.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the side view structure diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the structure of the present invention.

In the attached drawings: 1. Feeder, 2. Compression section, 3. Heating furnace, 4. Hot air exhaust pipe, 5. Double inlet high temperature cyclone, 6. Screw pusher, 7. Cracking cylinder , 8. Separating screen, 9. First slag outlet, 10. Heating ball, 11. Second slag outlet, 12. Hot air duct, 13. Burner, 14. Four-stage cracking cylinder drive motor, 15. Exhaust Air branch pipe, 16. Three-stage cracking drum, 17. Three-stage cracking drum drive motor, 18. One-stage cracking drum drive motor, 19. Four-stage cracking drum, 20. Insulation layer, 21. One-stage cracking drum, 22. Two-stage cracking Drum drive motor, 23. Two-stage cracking drum.

detailed description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further explained and illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

A closed-loop internal circulating moving bed cracking device, the cracking device comprises the following components:

There are four cracking cylinders, each of which is provided with a screw pusher 6, and the ends of the cracking cylinders are detachably connected in turn to form a closed ring-shaped cracking cylinder assembly, one of which is a first-stage cracking cylinder 21, The remaining ones are the second-stage cracking drum 23, the third-stage cracking drum 16 and the fourth-stage cracking drum 19, and each cracking drum is also provided with a certain amount of heating bodies;

The screw pushers 6 of the two-stage cracking drum 23, the third-stage cracking drum 16 and the fourth-stage cracking drum 19 are driven by a reduced or variable speed motor with an adjustable rotational speed connected by an end flange outside the heating furnace 3, Corresponding to the two-stage cracking drum drive motor 18, the three-stage cracking drum drive motor 17 and the fourth-stage cracking drum drive motor 14 respectively;

A heating furnace 3, the heating furnace 3 is provided with a cavity, and the cracking cylinder assembly is horizontally placed in the cavity of the heating furnace 3;

The heating mechanism is arranged in the heating furnace 3, and is located directly below the cracking cylinder assembly, for heating the cracking cylinder assembly;

The feeder 1 is communicated with the feeding end of the first-stage cracking cylinder 21, and the screw pusher 6 of the first-stage cracking cylinder 21 extends into the cavity of the feeder 1, and its shaft end is further extended, which is connected with the external drive for feeding and feeding. The driving motor 18 of a section of the cracking cylinder that pushes the material is connected;

The upper part of the middle part of the first-stage cracking cylinder 21 and the third-stage cracking cylinder 16 is respectively provided with a cracked gas outlet channel, and the cracked gas outlet channel is respectively connected to the double-inlet type high-temperature cyclone separator 5, and the double-inlet type high-temperature cyclone separator 5 is provided with. The second slag outlet 11;

The bottom of the middle of the four-stage cracking cylinder 19 is opened, and several grid bars spaced apart from each other are installed in the opening part in the axial direction. The gap between the grid bars can prevent the heating body (heating ball 10) from passing through and can pass through the powder slag of the cracked material. ;

The opening part of the four-stage cracking cylinder 19 is also equipped with a slag powder outlet pipe which is sealed and connected with the cracking cylinder 19.

In the present invention, the cracking cylinders are flanged at the end and the ends in sequence, the adjacent cracking cylinders are arranged at an angle of 90°, and the cracking cylinder assembly is square or rectangular, and a rectangle is used in this embodiment.

In the present invention, the heating mechanism includes an air duct 12 with a number of hot air outlets distributed below the cracking cylinder assembly. The inlet of the hot air duct 12 is communicated with the outlet of the burner 13, and the burner 13 provides heat for heating by burning fuel. The air is transported into the hot air duct 12, and the cracking cylinder is heated through the outlet, and the heated air after the cooling is collected into the hot air exhaust pipe 4 through the exhaust branch pipe 15 and discharged; the burner 13 is an oil burner, a gas burner , any one of dual fuel burners and biomass burners, the output end of the feeder 1 is provided with a compression section 2, and the screw pusher 6 of a section of the cracking cylinder 21 extends through the compression section 2 of the feeder 1 . The heating body is spherical. The spherical heating body has good fluidity and good extrusion, grinding and pulverizing effects.

More specifically, as shown in Figures 1-2, when starting up, put an appropriate amount of heating balls 10 into the feeder 1 one after another, enter the cracking cylinder through the compression section 2, and heat under the push of the screw pusher 6. The ball 10 moves along the first-stage cracking drum 21, the second-stage cracking drum 23, the third-stage cracking drum 16, and the fourth-stage cracking drum 19 and is basically evenly distributed in each section of the cracking drum. The hot air provided by the burner 13 passes through the air outlet of the hot air duct 12. Each stage of the cracking drum is heated upward and the heating balls 10 are simultaneously heated to the process temperature through the cracking drum wall. After the material enters the feeder 1, it is compressed in the compression section 2 of the feeder to avoid bringing in air and preventing the backflow of the cracked gas. The material begins to loosen and mix with the heating ball 10. During the continuous movement of the screw pusher 6 to push the material and the heating ball 10, the material is stirred, crushed and heated to the process by the cracking cylinder and the heating ball 10. The temperature gradually begins to crack, and the cracked gas enters the double-inlet high-temperature cyclone separator 5 through the cracked gas outlet to separate the dust entrained by the cracked gas, and then the cracked gas enters the next process, and the dust is discharged through the second slag outlet 11. process. When the material passes through the second-stage cracking drum 24, the third-stage cracking drum 16, and the fourth-stage cracking drum 19 within the set process time, the cracking is basically completed, and the slag powder enters the first slag outlet 9 downward through the gap of the separation screen 8, Individual large pieces of uncracked materials and heating balls 10 cannot pass through the separation screen 8, then a section of the cracking cylinder 21 is pushed by the screw pusher 6 to mix with the new material, and enter the second inner cycle, so that the cycle is repeated and infinitely circulated until all the materials are Both completed the final cleavage. The heating furnace 3 of the present invention is also provided with a heat insulating layer 20 outside.

The above-mentioned embodiment is only a preferred solution of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any form, and there are other variations and modifications under the premise of not exceeding the technical solution recorded in the claims.

Claims

A closed-loop internal circulating moving bed cracking device, characterized in that the cracking device comprises the following components:

There are N pieces of cracking cylinders, where N is a natural number of three or more, and screw pushers are arranged inside them. The cracking drum is a first-stage cracking drum, and the rest are followed by the second-stage cracking drum, the third-stage cracking drum, ..., the N-1-stage cracking drum and the N-stage cracking drum, and each cracking drum is provided with a certain amount of heating bodies;

The screw feeders of the two-stage cracking drum, the third-stage cracking drum, ..., the N-1-stage cracking drum and the N-stage cracking drum are all connected by the end flanges arranged outside the heating furnace. Driven by a variable speed motor;

A heating mechanism for heating the cracking cylinder assembly;

The feeder is communicated with the feeding end of the first-stage cracking drum, the screw pusher of the first-stage cracking drum extends through the feeder cavity, and its shaft end is further extended, which is connected with the external drive for driving feeding and pushing. motor connection;

At least one of the first-stage cracking drum to the N-stage cracking drum is provided with a cracking gas outlet channel, and the cracking gas outlet channel is connected to a double-inlet type high-temperature cyclone;

From the first-stage cracking drum to the cracking drum near the rear end of the N-stage cracking drum, at least one cracking drum is opened at the bottom, and a slag discharge mechanism is installed in the opening part along the axial direction.
The closed-loop inner circulating moving bed cracking device according to claim 1, further comprising a heating furnace, the heating furnace is provided with a cavity, the cracking cylinder assembly is horizontally placed in the cavity of the heating furnace, and the heating mechanism is located in the cavity of the heating furnace. Just below the cracking cylinder assembly, the heating mechanism adopts electric heating or hot air heating.
The closed-loop inner-circulating moving bed cracking device according to claim 1, wherein the slag discharge mechanism is configured as follows: the opening part is provided with a separation screen along the axial direction, and the gap of the separation screen can prevent the heating body from passing through but can prevent the heating body from passing through. Pass through the powder slag of the cracked material; the opening part is also equipped with a slag powder outlet pipe which is sealed and connected with the cracking cylinder, and the slag powder outlet pipe is led out from the bottom of the heating furnace.
The closed-loop internal circulation moving bed cracking device according to claim 3, wherein the separation screen is a plurality of grid bars spaced apart from each other.
The closed-loop internal circulation moving bed cracking device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, N is four, one-stage cracking cylinder and three-stage cracking cylinder are provided with cracking gas outlet channel, and slag discharge mechanism is located in four-stage cracking cylinder.
The closed-loop internal circulation moving bed cracking device according to claim 5, characterized in that, the cracking drums are connected by flanges in turn, adjacent cracking drums are arranged at an angle of 90°, and the cracking drum assembly is square or rectangular.
The closed-loop internal circulation moving bed cracking device according to claim 2, wherein the heating mechanism adopts hot air heating, comprising an annular hot air duct distributed under the cracking cylinder assembly, and the inlet of the hot air duct is connected to the The outlet of the burner is connected, and the burner provides heat to heat the air by burning fuel, which is transported to the hot air duct, and the cracking cylinder is heated through several upward outlets of the hot air duct; the burner is an oil burner, a gas burner, a dual Either a fuel burner or a biomass burner.
The closed-loop internal circulating moving bed cracking device according to claim 1, wherein the output end of the feeder is provided with a compression section, and the screw pusher of a section of the cracking drum extends through the compression section of the feeder.
The closed-loop internal circulation moving bed cracking device according to claim 1, wherein the heating body is spherical.
The working method of the closed-loop internal circulating moving bed cracker according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the method steps are as follows:

S1: Put an appropriate amount of heating balls from the feeder one after another, enter the cracking cylinder through the compression section, and under the push of the screw pusher, the heating balls move along the first-stage cracking cylinder, the second-stage cracking cylinder, the third-stage cracking cylinder, ..., The N-1 segment cracking drum and the N segment cracking drum move and are basically evenly distributed in each segment cracking drum;

S2: During heating, the hot air heats up each section of the cracking cylinder through the hot air outlet, and simultaneously heats the heating balls to the process temperature through the cracking cylinder wall;

S3: After the material enters the feeder, it is compressed and compacted in the compression section of the feeder to avoid bringing in air and preventing the backflow of cracked gas. After the material enters the first cracking cylinder through the compression section, the material begins to loosen and interact with the heating ball. During the continuous movement of the material and the heating ball by the screw feeder, the material is stirred, crushed and heated to the process temperature by the cracking cylinder and the heating ball, and gradually begins to crack, and the cracked gas passes through the cracked gas outlet. After entering the double-inlet type high-temperature cyclone separator to separate the dust entrained by the cracked gas, the cracked gas enters the next process, and the dust is discharged to the subsequent process through the second slag outlet of the double-inlet type high-temperature cyclone separator;

S4: The material has basically been cracked after passing through the second-stage cracking drum, the third-stage cracking drum, ..., the N-1-stage cracking drum and the N-stage cracking drum within the set process time. When passing through the separation screen, the slag powder passes through The slag discharge mechanism is excluded, and individual large pieces of uncracked materials and heating balls cannot pass through the slag discharge mechanism, then the screw pusher moves to a first cracking cylinder to mix with new materials, and enters the second inner cycle until all materials are completed. Cracking.