WO2022041482A1 - 一种可逆型多级双链路交错等温气体压缩系统 - Google Patents

一种可逆型多级双链路交错等温气体压缩系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022041482A1
WO2022041482A1 PCT/CN2020/126933 CN2020126933W WO2022041482A1 WO 2022041482 A1 WO2022041482 A1 WO 2022041482A1 CN 2020126933 W CN2020126933 W CN 2020126933W WO 2022041482 A1 WO2022041482 A1 WO 2022041482A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid
pressure
gas
pressure vessel
stage
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PCT/CN2020/126933
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姜彤
李佳谦
崔岩
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华北电力大学
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Publication of WO2022041482A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022041482A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03C—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/26—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines adapted for special use or combined with apparatus driven thereby
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/008—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being a fluid transmission link
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0005—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
    • F04B39/0011—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons liquid pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04B41/06—Combinations of two or more pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/08—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
    • F04B9/10—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid
    • F04B9/103—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having only one pumping chamber
    • F04B9/105—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having only one pumping chamber reciprocating movement of the pumping member being obtained by a double-acting liquid motor
    • F04B9/1056—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having only one pumping chamber reciprocating movement of the pumping member being obtained by a double-acting liquid motor with fluid-actuated inlet or outlet valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F13/00—Pressure exchangers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of large-capacity electric energy storage, and particularly relates to a reversible multi-stage double-link interleaved isothermal gas compression system.
  • a system consisting of multi-stage liquid piston units is used to realize the simultaneous compression and expansion of gas in each level of liquid piston unit, and make the liquid reciprocate between the two pressure vessels of the single-stage liquid piston unit. , so that the solubility of the gas in the liquid in the first-stage liquid piston unit fluctuates less, reducing the corresponding dissolved gas amount, improving the operating efficiency of the equipment and reducing the loss.
  • measures such as adding heat exchangers between the liquid pipes are used to solve the problem.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to propose a reversible multi-stage double-link staggered isothermal gas compression system, which is characterized in that the reversible multi-stage double-link staggered isothermal gas compression system is composed of more than two groups of different pressure-resistant grades with pressure. It is composed of liquid piston units whose effective capacity is gradually reduced; each group of liquid piston units is composed of two pressure vessels A and B of the same pressure rating and capacity, and L liquid driving equipment between the pressure vessels. Containers A and B can be a pair of pressure vessels with different actual capacities but the same effective capacity.
  • each liquid piston unit the A and B pressure vessels are connected to the head and tail ends of the L liquid drive equipment respectively through liquid pipes; all liquid pistons
  • the A pressure vessels in the unit are sequentially connected through interstage gas pipelines to form the first compression channel;
  • the B pressure vessels in all liquid piston units are sequentially connected through interstage gas pipelines to form the second compression channel;
  • each compression channel is regarded as a link ;
  • the two pressure vessels of the liquid piston unit of the lowest grade are respectively connected to the external low-pressure gas pipeline;
  • the two pressure vessels of the liquid piston unit of the highest grade are respectively connected to the external high-pressure gas pipeline or gas storage system;
  • the two pressure vessels on the compression channel are respectively connected to the pressure vessels of the same link of the adjacent high pressure or low pressure stage;
  • the L liquid drive equipment of each group of liquid piston units is connected to the M power equipment, and the M power equipment is connected to the power grid;
  • the isothermal gas compression system controls the gas temperature through an internal temperature control method, and controls the liquid temperature through a heat dissipation system;
  • the effective volume refers to the volume remaining after subtracting the volume of the liquid portion that must be retained from the volume of the pressure vessel.
  • the L liquid driving equipment at each level drives the liquid to flow in an orderly manner between the two pressure vessels of the liquid piston unit of this level.
  • One of the two pressure vessels of the liquid piston unit flows out liquid, and the other pressure vessel flows into the liquid.
  • the system passes through the valve and The pipeline controls the staggered on-off of the two compression channels, so that the liquid piston units of adjacent grades operate synchronously and staggered, and the gas is compressed or expanded step by step, so that the power equipment connected to the liquid driving equipment of each group of liquid piston units is operated.
  • the liquid piston units operate synchronously and staggered.
  • the staggered operation of synchronous and staggered operation means that when the liquid in a group of liquid piston units flows from the A pressure vessel into the B pressure vessel through the L liquid drive equipment, the liquid The liquid flows from the B pressure vessel to the A pressure vessel.
  • the synchronism of the synchronous staggered operation means that when the liquid fills up one side of the pressure vessel in a group of liquid piston units, the flow direction of the liquid in the liquid piston unit changes, and at this time, the other liquid piston units also appear synchronously. When the pressure vessel on one side is full, the liquid flow direction also changes at the same time, maintaining the staggered operation state;
  • the two compression channels are staggered on and off, and the pipelines at all levels are controlled by valves to be staggered on and off in turn.
  • the pressure vessel of the current stage on one compression channel is connected to the pipeline of the adjacent high-pressure stage pressure vessel in the same link, the pressure of the adjacent low-pressure stage is connected.
  • the pipeline of the container is closed, and the pipeline of the pressure vessel of the current stage and the adjacent high-pressure stage pressure vessel on the same link are closed and communicated with the pipeline of the adjacent low-pressure stage pressure vessel on the other compression channel.
  • the reciprocation between pressure vessels of the same stage realizes the gas migration and compression between different groups of liquid piston units, and the flow path of gas and liquid in one compression cycle is comprehensively presented as "S/Z" type; including:
  • the A pressure vessel or B pressure vessel with liquid injection for each group of liquid piston units is connected to the A pressure vessel or B pressure vessel with the same link in the direction of the adjacent high pressure level, and the other pressure vessel with liquid outflow is connected to the adjacent pressure vessel.
  • the low pressure stage communicates with the pressure vessel of the link.
  • the pressure vessel from which the liquid flows out is connected to the low-pressure gas pipeline.
  • the low-pressure gas pipeline is equivalent to the same link part of its adjacent low-pressure level.
  • the pressure vessel into which the liquid flows is connected to the high-pressure gas pipeline or gas storage system.
  • the high-pressure gas pipeline is equivalent to the same link part of its adjacent high-pressure stage, which realizes the connection between each pressure vessel and the high-pressure stage. It is staggered and connected with the low-pressure stage and the same link pressure vessel; during compression, the gas channel valve can be a one-way valve or a combination of a one-way valve and a two-way valve to control the entire system to automatically realize staggered on-off.
  • the A pressure vessel or B pressure vessel with liquid outflow is connected to the A pressure vessel or B pressure vessel in the same link of the adjacent high pressure stage, and the other pressure vessel with liquid inflow is connected to the adjacent low pressure vessel.
  • the pressure vessel in which the liquid flows into is connected to the low-pressure gas pipeline.
  • the low-pressure gas pipeline is equivalent to its adjacent low-pressure level and the same link part; for the highest level of In the liquid piston unit, the pressure vessel from which the liquid flows out is connected to the high-pressure gas pipeline or the gas storage system.
  • the high-pressure gas pipeline is equivalent to the same link part of its adjacent high-pressure stage, which realizes that each pressure vessel is the same as the high-pressure stage and the low-pressure stage.
  • the link pressure vessels are staggered and connected;
  • the one compression period is the time period from when the flow direction of the liquid in a group of liquid piston units is changed until the next change occurs.
  • the compression process is as follows: for each group of liquid piston units, the gas in the pressure vessel with liquid inflow is injected into the adjacent high-pressure stage and the same chain of pressure vessels with liquid outflow, and the pressure vessel with liquid outflow is in the same chain from the adjacent low-pressure stage.
  • the gas is obtained from the pressure vessel into which the liquid flows. Since the effective capacity of the adjacent pressure vessels is different, the gas will be compressed according to the effective volume ratio of the two pressure vessels after completely entering the high-pressure pressure vessel, so that the gas is always in a variable migration state. during edge compression.
  • the gas flows from the low pressure line into the pressure vessel with the liquid flowing out.
  • the gas from the pressure vessel where the liquid flows is injected into the high pressure piping or gas storage system.
  • the expansion process is as follows: for each group of liquid piston units, the gas in the pressure vessel with liquid inflow is injected into the adjacent low-pressure stage and the same chain of pressure vessels with liquid outflow, and the pressure vessel with liquid outflow is in the same chain from the adjacent high-pressure stage.
  • the gas is obtained from the pressure vessel into which the liquid flows. Due to the difference in the effective capacity of the adjacent pressure vessels, the gas is always in the process of changing and expanding.
  • the gas in the high pressure piping or gas storage system is injected into the pressure vessel with the liquid flowing out.
  • the gas discharge strategy is: during the compression process, the pressure vessel where the liquid flows into the highest-grade liquid piston unit is connected with the gas storage system or with the high-pressure gas pipeline through valve control.
  • the pressure vessel When the gas pressure in the pressure vessel reaches the specified pressure, the pressure vessel is opened.
  • the valve is connected to the high-pressure gas pipeline, and the liquid continuously flows into the pressure vessel under the action of the liquid-driven device, and the gas in the pressure vessel is transferred to the gas storage system or the high-pressure gas pipeline.
  • the gas injection strategy is: during the expansion process, the valve between the pressure vessel and the gas storage system from which the liquid flows out of the highest-grade liquid piston unit is opened or connected to the high-pressure gas pipeline, and the high-pressure gas is continuously injected into the pressure vessel. When required, shut off the valve or disconnect from the high pressure gas line.
  • the gas storage system is a constant pressure gas storage system controlled by inputting and outputting liquids, while injecting or exporting high-pressure gas into the gas storage system, additional equipment will be used to export or inject liquid from the gas storage system, or the liquid will be injected into the gas storage system. Introduce or export into the pressure vessel of the liquid piston of each stage, and then adjust the amount of liquid in the liquid piston of each stage through additional control equipment.
  • the liquid-driven device refers to a hydraulic cylinder, a water pump, a hydraulic motor, or one or more of the above devices, and the driving liquid always flows in an orderly and bidirectional manner in the two pressure vessels of the same group of liquid piston units.
  • the hydraulic cylinder can be a single-acting piston cylinder or a double-acting piston cylinder or a combination thereof.
  • the water pump can be a water pump with variable blade angle or variable frequency controlled by a variable frequency motor.
  • For the hydraulic cylinder its power equipment is connected to the piston rod.
  • Turbine equipment such as water pump and hydraulic motor, its power equipment is connected to the rotating shaft of the turbine.
  • the power equipment drives the liquid-driven equipment to run, and the liquid flows from the pressure vessel with low pressure to the pressure vessel with high pressure, consuming electrical energy.
  • the liquid flows from the pressure vessel with high pressure to the pressure vessel with low pressure.
  • the liquid driving equipment drives the power equipment to generate electricity; for each group of liquid piston units, the pressure of the adjacent high pressure stage
  • the pressure vessel connected to the vessel is relatively high in pressure
  • the pressure vessel connected to the adjacent low pressure stage pressure vessel is relatively low in pressure.
  • the power equipment refers to selecting different power equipment according to different liquid driving equipment.
  • the liquid driving equipment is a hydraulic motor, a water pump or a hydraulic pump, a linear motor or a crank motor is selected as its power equipment.
  • the liquid driving device is a hydraulic cylinder, choose an electric cylinder, a linear motor, a crank motor or a virtual pump-storage system or a combination of the above devices as its power device.
  • the liquid driving equipment of each group of liquid piston units can be connected to their own power equipment individually, or can be connected to a power equipment in a group to run.
  • the virtual pumping-storage system can also use an adaptive hydraulic potential energy conversion device to match the area ratio of the hydraulic cylinders on both sides with the pressure ratio on both sides, so as to reduce friction on the piston rod and reduce losses.
  • the pressure vessels at all levels have the function of replenishing and discharging liquid.
  • the pressure vessels at all levels can directly inject or discharge liquid through additional liquid pipelines connected to them, or indirectly through the additional liquid pipelines between the pressure vessels at all levels. or expel fluid.
  • the isothermal gas compression system can be used in combination with a graded relay compressed air energy storage system that adopts operation control, and can also be used as a gas compression device or a gas expansion work device in a compressed air energy storage device that realizes gas constant pressure storage.
  • the beneficial effect of the invention is that in the process of compressing and storing energy, the system compresses and migrates the low-pressure gas step by step under the driving of the power equipment and finally sends it to the gas storage system or the high-pressure gas pipeline; in the process of expanding and releasing energy, the high-pressure gas expands step by step. And drive the power equipment to do external work.
  • the liquid In the process of compression or expansion, the liquid is always controlled to reciprocate between the two pressure vessels of the single-stage liquid piston unit, reducing the corresponding gas dissolution, realizing the gas migration and compression between the stages of different groups of liquid piston units, and reducing the running time. ,Improved work efficiency.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a gas compression system.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid driving device taking a double-acting piston cylinder as an example.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid driving device taking a single water pump as an example.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid driving device taking two water pumps in parallel as an example.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power plant taking a virtual pumping-storage system as an example.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the adaptive hydraulic potential energy conversion device used in the virtual pumping-storage system.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the first mode of the gas compression energy storage process.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the second mode of the gas compression energy storage process.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the first mode of the process of gas expansion and energy release.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the second mode of the gas expansion and energy release process.
  • the present invention proposes a reversible multi-stage double-link staggered isothermal gas compression system.
  • the reversible multi-stage double-link staggered isothermal gas compression system is composed of two or more groups of different pressure-resistant grades, and the effective capacity gradually decreases with the increase of pressure. It is composed of small liquid piston units; each group of liquid piston units is composed of two A pressure vessels and B pressure vessels of the same pressure rating and the same capacity, and the liquid driving equipment between the pressure vessels.
  • the A pressure vessels of each group of liquid piston units are mutually connected.
  • the connection forms the first compression channel, and the B pressure vessels of each group of liquid piston units are connected to each other to form the second compression channel.
  • the gas system is connected; the liquid driving equipment of each group of liquid piston units is connected to the power equipment, and the power equipment is connected to the power grid.
  • each liquid piston unit consists of two A pressure vessels and B pressure vessels with the same pressure rating. and L liquid driving equipment; the A pressure vessel and B pressure vessel in each liquid piston unit are respectively connected to the head and tail ends of the liquid driving equipment L through the liquid pipeline; the A pressure vessels in all the liquid piston units pass through the gas migration pipelines G3, G5
  • the first compression channel is formed by sequential connection, and the B pressure vessels in all the liquid piston units are sequentially connected through the gas migration pipes G4 and G6 to form the second compression channel; wherein, the D1 liquid piston unit includes A1 pressure vessel, B1 pressure vessel, and L1 liquid.
  • D1 pressure vessel, B1 pressure vessel are connected to the head and tail ends of L1 liquid drive equipment through liquid pipelines, L1 liquid drive equipment is connected to power equipment M;
  • D2 liquid piston unit includes A2 pressure vessel, B2 pressure vessel, L2 liquid drive Equipment, A2 pressure vessel and B2 pressure vessel are respectively connected to the head and tail ends of L2 liquid driving equipment through liquid pipes, L2 liquid driving equipment is connected to power equipment M;
  • D3 liquid piston unit includes A3 pressure vessel, B3 pressure vessel, L3 liquid driving equipment , the A3 pressure vessel and the B3 pressure vessel are respectively connected to the head and tail ends of the L3 liquid driving equipment through the liquid pipeline, and the L3 liquid driving equipment is connected to the power equipment M;
  • the A1 pressure vessel in the D1 liquid piston unit of the lowest pressure level is connected to the external low pressure gas source through the G1 low pressure gas pipeline, and the B1 pressure vessel is connected to the external low pressure gas source through the G2 low pressure gas pipeline;
  • the A3 pressure vessel is connected to the gas storage system S through the G7 high-pressure gas pipeline, and the B3 pressure vessel is connected to the gas storage system S through the high-pressure gas pipeline G8.
  • FIG. 2 a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid driving device taking a double-acting piston cylinder as an example.
  • valves F7 and F10 When gas is injected into container A, the valves F7 and F10 are opened at the same time, and the valves F8 and F9 are closed; the piston rod moves to the left under the drive of the power equipment M, and the liquid in the pressure container A enters the right hydraulic chamber, and at the same time the left hydraulic pressure The liquid in the cavity enters the pressure vessel B.
  • the valves F8 and F9 When the hydraulic rod moves to the far left, the valves F8 and F9 are opened, and the valves F7 and F10 are closed.
  • the piston rod moves to the right under the drive of the power equipment M.
  • the on-off and the movement of the piston rod realize the change of the liquid flow direction, and finally realize the liquid circulation in the single-stage liquid piston unit.
  • FIG. 3 a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid driving device taking a single water pump as an example.
  • the water inlet and water outlet of the L liquid driving equipment of each stage of the liquid piston unit are connected to two valves respectively connected to the A pressure vessel and the B pressure vessel.
  • the water inlet is respectively connected with the A pressure vessel and the B pressure vessel through the F8 valve and the F10 valve, and the water outlet is respectively connected with the A pressure vessel and the B pressure vessel through the F7 valve and the F9 valve.
  • a radiator P is installed on the top to control the temperature.
  • the M power equipment that controls the operation of the water pump is not shown in the figure.
  • the L liquid driving equipment of each stage liquid piston unit is composed of two pumps La and Lb in parallel.
  • the water outlet and water inlet of the La water pump are respectively connected to the A pressure vessel and the B pressure vessel through the F8 valve and the F10 valve, and the water inlet and the water outlet of the Lb water pump are respectively connected to the A pressure vessel and the B pressure vessel through the F7 valve and the F9 valve.
  • a cooling device P is installed on the liquid pipeline between the pressure vessel and the liquid driving equipment to control the temperature.
  • the M power equipment that controls the operation of the water pump is not shown in the figure.
  • valves F7 and F9 When working, when the A pressure vessel is injected with gas, driven by the M power equipment, the valves F7 and F9 are opened at the same time, and the valves F8 and F10 are closed.
  • the liquid in the A pressure vessel is pumped from the Lb water inlet to the water outlet and finally enters the B pressure. Container; when gas is injected into pressure vessel B, under the drive of M power equipment, valves F8 and F10 are opened at the same time, and valves F7 and F9 are closed. , through the staggered operation of the two water pumps, the liquid circulation in the single-stage liquid piston unit is realized.
  • FIG. 5 a schematic diagram of the structure of the power equipment taking the virtual pumping-storage system as an example.
  • the virtual box on the right in the figure is the virtual pumping-storage system
  • the hydraulic cylinder A on the left is the liquid driving device driven by the power system
  • G represents the water pump/turbine.
  • the water pump G pumps the water in the low-pressure pool D into the high-pressure pool D, and then flows into the hydraulic cylinder B from the high-pressure pool D, and pushes the piston cylinder to reciprocate by controlling the on-off of the valve to drive the liquid-driven equipment to run.
  • the piston rod of hydraulic cylinder A drives the piston rod of hydraulic cylinder B to reciprocate.
  • the water in the low-pressure pool D is pumped into the high-pressure pool C through the hydraulic cylinder B, and the water flows out from the high-pressure pool.
  • Push the turbine G to generate electricity and send the electricity into the grid.
  • the hydraulic cylinders A and B form a hydraulic transformer, which realizes the function of pressure conversion.
  • Multiple hydraulic cylinders can also be connected in series on both sides of the hydraulic transformer, such as the adaptive hydraulic potential energy conversion device shown in Figure 6.
  • the single hydraulic cylinder on each side is replaced by two hydraulic cylinders in series, which can be changed by the on-off of the valve.
  • the area ratio of the hydraulic cylinders on both sides is selected according to the pressure ratio on both sides, so as to reduce the friction on the piston rod and reduce the loss.
  • Figures 7 and 8 describe the process of gas compression and energy storage.
  • the two compression modes are continuously staggered and cycled.
  • the initial compression state of each mode for each stage of the liquid piston unit, its two pressure vessel states Instead, one is filled with liquid and the other with gas.
  • the states of the adjacent two-stage pressure vessels are opposite, and for one pressure vessel, the states of the pressure vessels on both sides of the same compression channel are the same.
  • Figure 7 shows the first mode of the compression process.
  • the initial state of compression is that the A1 pressure vessel and A3 pressure vessel in the first compression channel are filled with liquid, the A2 pressure vessel is filled with gas, the B2 pressure vessel in the second compression channel is filled with liquid, and the B1 pressure vessel and B3 pressure vessel are filled with gas; open the F2 valve , F3 valve, the other valves are in a closed state; continuously inject low-pressure gas into the A1 pressure vessel through the low-pressure gas pipeline G1, at the same time, the liquid in the A1 pressure vessel is transported to another B1 in the same liquid piston unit through the L1 liquid driving device In the pressure vessel, the B1 pressure vessel is connected to the B2 pressure vessel at this time, and the two pressure vessels form a connector.
  • the gas in the B1 pressure vessel continuously flows out into the B2 pressure vessel, and the liquid in the B2 pressure vessel and B2 drives the equipment through the L2 liquid. Transfer to another A2 pressure vessel in the same liquid piston unit.
  • the L1 liquid driving device and the L2 liquid driving device control the flow rate ratio to be the same as the volume-to-volume ratio of the B1 pressure vessel and the B2 pressure vessel.
  • the capacity of the low-pressure B1 pressure vessel is larger than that of the B2 pressure vessel, so that the volume of liquid injected into the B1 pressure vessel is greater than the volume of the liquid flowing out of the B2 pressure vessel.
  • Outflow liquid volume As the liquid is continuously injected into the B1 pressure vessel, the proportion of the liquid to the volume of the connector increases, the proportion of the gas decreases, and the gas pressure increases to achieve compression. During this process, the gases in the B1 pressure vessel and the B2 pressure vessel are simultaneously compressed at the same pressure.
  • the relative gas volume proportion in the B1 pressure vessel continues to decrease, and the relative gas volume proportion in the B2 pressure vessel continues to increase, which is expressed as the gas in the B1 pressure vessel.
  • the B1 pressure vessel is filled with liquid, and the B2 pressure vessel becomes full of gas.
  • the gas in the communication device composed of the A2 pressure vessel and the A3 pressure vessel is continuously compressed and finally migrated to the A3 pressure vessel.
  • the liquid in the A3 pressure vessel continuously enters the B3 pressure vessel to compress the gas in it.
  • the gas pressure in the B3 pressure vessel reaches the specified pressure, open the valve F6, and under the action of the L3 liquid driving device, the high-pressure gas is transported to the storage tank through the gas migration pipeline G8.
  • the first mode of compression is realized. In this mode, the flow paths of gas and liquid are combined in an "S" shape.
  • the performance of the staggered operation is that for the D1 liquid piston unit and the D3 liquid piston unit, the liquid in it flows from the A pressure vessel on the first compression channel into the B on the second compression channel through the L1 liquid driving device and the L3 liquid driving device. pressure vessel.
  • the liquid in it flows from the B2 pressure vessel into the A2 pressure vessel through the L2 liquid driving device, and the flow direction of the liquid in all the liquid piston units is shown in the direction of the dotted line in the figure.
  • the performance of the two compression channels being alternately on and off is that, taking the D2 liquid piston unit as an example, the A2 pressure vessel with liquid inflow located on the first compression channel is communicated with the A3 pressure vessel in the same link of the adjacent high-pressure stage, located in the first compression channel.
  • the B2 pressure vessel with the liquid flowing out on the second compression channel is connected to the B1 pressure vessel of the same link of the adjacent low pressure stage.
  • the flow path of the compressed gas is shown in the direction of the solid line in the figure.
  • Figure 8 shows the second mode of the compression process, and its initial state is the state after the first mode of compression, which is opposite to the initial state of the first mode of compression.
  • the A1 pressure vessel, the A1 pressure vessel, the The A3 pressure vessel is filled with gas
  • the A2 pressure vessel is filled with liquid
  • the B2 pressure vessel in the second compression channel is filled with gas
  • the B1 pressure vessel and the B3 pressure vessel are filled with liquid.
  • Open the F1 valve and the F4 valve, and the other valves are in a closed state.
  • the gas compression process is the same as the first mode except for the flow route.
  • the flow route of the compressed gas is shown in the direction of the solid line in the figure, and the flow direction of the liquid in all the liquid piston units is shown in the direction of the dotted line in the figure.
  • the flow path of the gas and the flow direction of the liquid are completely opposite to the first mode. In this mode, the overall flow of gas and liquid is switched to a "Z" pattern.
  • the continuous cycle of the above two compression modes realizes the process of compressing the gas step by step and sending it to the gas storage system.
  • Figure 9 and Figure 10 describe the process of gas expansion and energy release.
  • the two expansion modes cycle continuously.
  • the two pressure vessels are in opposite states. One is filled with liquid and the other is filled with gas.
  • the states of the adjacent two-stage pressure vessels are opposite, and for one pressure vessel, the states of the pressure vessels on both sides of the same compression channel are the same.
  • Figure 9 shows the first mode of expansion.
  • the initial state of expansion is that the A1 pressure vessel and the A3 pressure vessel in the first compression channel are filled with liquid, the A2 pressure vessel is filled with gas, the B2 pressure vessel in the second compression channel is filled with liquid, and the B1 pressure vessel and the B3 pressure vessel are filled with gas. Open the F2 valve, F3 valve, and F6 valve, and the rest of the valves are off.
  • the gas storage system uses the G7 gas migration pipeline to inject high-pressure gas into the A3 pressure vessel filled with liquid by means of isobaric migration. After the injected high-pressure gas reaches a certain volume, close the F6 valve and stop the transmission. The gas is in the A3 pressure vessel.
  • the expansion transports the liquid through the L3 liquid driving device to another B3 pressure vessel in the same liquid piston unit, and drives the power device M to do work.
  • the B3 pressure vessel is connected with the B2 pressure vessel, and the two pressure vessels form a connector.
  • the gas in the B3 pressure vessel continuously flows out into the B2 pressure vessel, and the liquid in the B2 pressure vessel is transported to the same liquid piston unit through the L2 liquid driving device.
  • the power equipment M is driven to do work.
  • the L3 liquid driving device and the L2 liquid driving device control the flow rate ratio to be the same as the volume-volume ratio of the B3 pressure vessel and the B2 pressure vessel.
  • the capacity of the pressure vessel B3 pressure vessel is smaller than that of the B2 pressure vessel, so that the volume of liquid injected into the B3 pressure vessel is smaller than the volume of the liquid flowing out of the B2 pressure vessel. Therefore, for the connector formed by the B1 pressure vessel and the B2 pressure vessel, the volume of the injected liquid less than the outflow liquid volume.
  • the proportion of the liquid in the volume of the communication device is continuously reduced, the proportion of the gas is continuously increased, and the gas pressure is continuously reduced to achieve expansion.
  • the gases in the B3 pressure vessel and the B2 pressure vessel expand simultaneously at the same pressure. Since the liquid is continuously injected into the B3 pressure vessel and flows out of the B2 pressure vessel, the relative gas volume proportion in the B1 pressure vessel continues to decrease, and the relative gas volume proportion in the B2 pressure vessel continues to increase, which is expressed as the gas in the B3 pressure vessel. Continue to migrate to the B2 pressure vessel, and finally the B3 pressure vessel is filled with liquid, and the B2 pressure vessel becomes full of gas.
  • the liquid in the B2 pressure vessel is transported to the A2 pressure vessel through the L2 liquid driving device, and the gas in the communication device composed of the A2 pressure vessel and the A1 pressure vessel continues to expand and finally migrates to the A1 pressure vessel.
  • the liquid in the pressure vessel is pressed into the liquid driving equipment by the expanding gas and drives its power equipment to do external work, and finally the liquid enters the B1 pressure vessel, realizing the first mode of expansion.
  • the gas and liquid flow paths are combined in a "Z" shape.
  • the performance of the staggered operation is that for the D1 liquid piston unit and the D3 liquid piston unit, the liquid in it flows from the A pressure vessel on the first compression channel into the B pressure vessel on the second compression channel through the L1 liquid driving device and the L3 liquid driving device. .
  • the liquid in it flows from the B2 pressure vessel into the A2 pressure vessel through the L2 liquid driving device, and the flow direction of the liquid in all the liquid piston units is shown in the direction of the dotted line in the figure.
  • the alternate on-off of the two compression channels shows that, taking the liquid piston unit D2 as an example, the pressure vessel A2 with liquid flowing out on the first compression channel is connected with the pressure vessel A3 in the same link of the adjacent high-pressure stage, and is located in the second compression channel.
  • the B2 pressure vessel with liquid inflow on the compression channel is connected to the B1 pressure vessel in the same link of the adjacent low pressure stage.
  • the flow path of the compressed gas is shown in the direction of the solid line in the figure;
  • Figure 10 shows the second mode of the expansion process, and its initial state is the state after the first mode of expansion, which is opposite to the initial state of the first mode of expansion.
  • the A3 pressure vessel is filled with gas
  • the A2 pressure vessel is filled with liquid
  • the B2 pressure vessel in the second compression channel is filled with gas
  • the B1 pressure vessel and the B3 pressure vessel are filled with liquid.
  • Open the F2 valve and F3 valve, and the other valves are in the closed state.
  • the gas compression process is the same as the first mode except for the flow route.
  • the flow route of the compressed gas is shown in the direction of the solid line in the figure, and the flow direction of the liquid in all the liquid piston units is shown in the direction of the dotted line in the figure.
  • the flow path of the gas and the flow direction of the liquid are completely opposite to the first mode.
  • the general flow route of gas and liquid is switched to "S" pattern.
  • the continuous cycle of the above two compression modes realizes the process of expanding the gas step by step to do work.

Abstract

一种可逆型多级双链路交错等温气体压缩系统。该系统由两组以上不同耐压等级的随压强升高有效容量逐级减小的液体活塞单元（D1、D2、D3）组成；每组液体活塞单元（D1、D2、D3）由两个相同耐压等级相同容量的A压力容器与B压力容器、及压力容器间的L液体驱动设备组成，在压缩储能过程中，在动力设备（M）驱动下系统将低压气体逐级压缩并迁移最后送至储气系统（S）或高压气体管道（G7、G8）；在膨胀释能过程中，高压气体逐级膨胀并驱动动力设备（M）对外做功。在压缩或膨胀过程中，始终控制液体在单级液体活塞单元（D1、D2、D3）的两个压力容器间往复，减少相应的气体溶解量，实现了不同组液体活塞单元（D1、D2、D3）级间的气体边迁移边压缩，减少运行时间，提高工作效率，减小损耗。

Description

一种可逆型多级双链路交错等温气体压缩系统 技术领域
本发明属于大容量电力储能技术领域，特别涉及一种可逆型多级双链路交错等温气体压缩系统。
背景技术
近年来，如何利用清洁能源减少环境污染是我国经济发展长期需要面对的重要问题。新能源的规模应用以及间歇性可再生能源的大规模入网、传统电力峰谷差值的增长，各种能源应用问题也随之出现，而储能技术的应用将为解决这些问题提供非常有效的途径。目前电力储能技术较多，压缩空气储能由于优势明显，未来无疑将成为极具发展潜力的大规模储能技术。
现存在一种分级接力压缩空气储能系统，实现了在气体压缩或者膨胀时进行等压迁移，但由于其动力设备皆跨接在低压水池与压力容器之间，因此低压水池中的液体进入较高压力的压力容器中并压缩其中气体时，气体在液体中的溶解量较大，降低设备的运行效率，增大损耗。
针对以上问题，利用一种由多级液体活塞单元相连组成的系统，实现各级液体活塞单元中气体的压缩和膨胀同时进行，并且使液体往复于单级液体活塞单元的两个压力容器间内，使得在一级液体活塞单元中气体在液体中的溶解度波动较小，减少了相应的气体溶解量，提升了设备的运行效率并减小了损耗。对于在单级液体活塞单元中液体的重复利用导致的液体温升增大现象，则采用在液体管道间增加换热器等散热系统的措施解决。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种可逆型多级双链路交错等温气体压缩系统，其特征在于，所述可逆型多级双链路交错等温气体压缩系统由两组以上不同耐压等级的随压强升高有效容量逐级减小的液体活塞单元组成；每组液体活塞单元由两个相同耐压等级相同容量的A压力容器与B压力容器、及压力容器间的L液体驱动设备组成，其中压力容器A与B压力容器可为实际容量不同但有效容量相同的压力容器对，每个液体活塞单元中A压力容器和B压力容器通过液体管道与L液体驱动设备的首尾端分别相连；所有液体活塞单元中的A压力容器通过级间气体管道顺序连接形成第一压缩通道；所有液体活塞单元中的B压力容器通过级间气体管道顺序连接形成第二压缩通道；每个压缩通道视为一条链路；其中，最低等级液体活塞单元的两个压力容器分别连接外部低压气体管道；最高等级液体活塞单元的两个压力容器分别与外部高压气体管道或储气系统相连；每组液体活塞单元的位于不同压缩通道上的两个压力容器与相邻高压或低压级同链路的压力容器分别相连；每组液体活塞单元的L液体驱动设备连接M动力设备，M动力设备再与电网相连；
所述等温气体压缩系统通过内控温方式对气体温度控制，并通过散热系统对液体温度进行控制；
所述有效容量是指，压力容器的容积减去必须保留的液体部分的体积后所剩余的容积。
所述各级L液体驱动设备驱动本级液体活塞单元两个压力容器间液体有序流动，液体活塞单元的两个压力容器其中一个压力容器流出液体，另一个压力容器流入液体，系统通过阀门和管道控制两个压缩通道交错通断，使相邻等级的液体活塞单元同步交错运行，逐级压缩气体或使气体膨胀，使与每组液体活塞单元的 液体驱动设备连接的动力设备运行。
所述液体活塞单元同步交错运行，同步交错运行的交错运行是指，当一组液体活塞单元中液体经L液体驱动设备由A压力容器流入B压力容器的同时，相邻级液体活塞单元中的液体则由B压力容器流向A压力容器。所述同步交错运行的同步是指，当液体注满一组液体活塞单元中的一侧压力容器后，该液体活塞单元中的液体流向发生改变，此时其他的液体活塞单元中也同步出现注满一侧压力容器，液体流向也同时发生改变，保持交错运行状态；
所述两个压缩通道交错通断，通过阀门控制各级管道依次交错通断，对一个压缩通道上本级压力容器与同链路相邻高压级压力容器的管道连通时与相邻低压级压力容器的管道关闭，另一压缩通道上此时本级压力容器与同链路相邻高压级压力容器管道关闭并与相邻低压级压力容器的管道连通，借助每组液体活塞单元内的液体在同级压力容器间往复，实现了不同组液体活塞单元级间的气体边迁移边压缩，在一个压缩周期中气体与液体的流动路线综合呈现为“S/Z”型；包括：
压缩时，对每组液体活塞单元有液体注入的A压力容器或B压力容器与相邻高压等级方向同链路的A压力容器或B压力容器连通，另一有液体流出的压力容器与相邻低压级同链路的压力容器连通。对最低等级的液体活塞单元，有液体流出的压力容器与低压气体管道连通，此时低压气体管道相当于其相邻低压级同链路部分。对最高等级的液体活塞单元，有液体流入的压力容器与高压气体管道或储气系统连通，此时高压气体管道相当于其相邻高压级同链路部分，实现了每个压力容器与高压级和低压级同链路压力容器交错连通；在压缩时，气体通道阀门可以采用单向阀或者单向阀与两通阀组合，控制整个系统自动实现交错通断。
膨胀时，对每组液体活塞单元有液体流出的A压力容器或B压力容器与相邻高压级同链路的A压力容器或B压力容器连通，另一有液体流入的压力容器与相邻低压级同链路的压力容器连通；对最低等级的液体活塞单元，有液体流入的压力容器与低压气体管道连通，此时低压气体管道相当于其相邻低压级同链路部分；对最高等级的液体活塞单元，有液体流出的压力容器与高压气体管道或储气系统连通，此时高压气体管道相当于其相邻高压级同链路部分，实现了每个压力容器与高压级和低压级同链路压力容器交错连通；
所述一个压缩周期为：当一组液体活塞单元中的液体流向发生改变至下一次改变发生的时长。
所述压缩过程为：对每组液体活塞单元，有液体流入的压力容器中的气体注入相邻高压级同链路有液体流出的压力容器，有液体流出的压力容器从相邻低压级同链路有液体流入的压力容器中获得气体，由于相邻级压力容器的有效容量不同，因此气体在完全进入高压级压力容器后会按两压力容器的有效容积比被压缩，使得气体始终处于变迁移边压缩的过程中。对最低等级的液体活塞单元，气体从低压管道流入有液体流出的压力容器。对最高等级的液体活塞单元，有液体流入的压力容器中的气体注入高压管道或储气系统。
当所有有液体流入的压力容器同时被液体注满后，通过压缩通道的交错通断与液体活塞单元的同步交错运行，液体与气体的综合流动路线在“S”与“Z”之间进行切换，使得气体从低压管道进入系统经逐级压缩后进入高压气体管道或储气系统，实现多级压缩。
所述膨胀过程为：对每组液体活塞单元，有液体流入的压力容器中的气体注入相邻低压级同链路有液体流出的压力容器，有液体流出的压力容器从相邻高压 级同链路有液体流入的压力容器中获得气体，由于相邻级压力容器的有效容量不同，使得气体始终处于变迁移边膨胀的过程中。对最低等级的液体活塞单元，有液体流入的压力容器中的气体进入低压管道。对最高等级的液体活塞单元，高压管道或储气系统中的气体注入有液体流出的压力容器。
当所有有液体流入的压力容器同时被液体注满后，通过压缩通道的交错通断与液体活塞单元的同步交错运行，液体与气体的综合流动路线在“S”与“Z”之间进行切换，使得气体不断的从高压管道进入系统经逐级膨胀后进入低压气体管道，实现多级膨胀。
所述气体排出策略为：在压缩过程中最高等级液体活塞单元有液体流入的压力容器经阀门控制与储气系统间或与高压气体管道间连通，当压力容器中的气体压强达到指定压强时，打开阀门或与高压气体管道连通，在液体驱动设备的作用下液体不断流入压力容器，并使压力容器中的气体迁移至储气系统或高压气体管道中。
所述气体注入策略为：在膨胀过程中，最高等级液体活塞单元有液体流出的压力容器与储气系统间的阀门打开或与高压气体管道连通，高压气体不断注入压力容器，当气体注入量满足需求时，关断阀门或与高压气体管道断开。
其中，当储气系统为通过输入输出液体控制的恒压储气系统时，向储气系统注入或这导出高压气体的同时，会通过额外设备从储气系统中导出或注入液体，或者将液体导入或导出至各级液体活塞的压力容器中，再通过额外控制设备调整各级液体活塞里的液体量。
所述液体驱动设备是指液压缸或水泵或者液压马达中或以上设备中的一个或多个组合实现，驱动液体始终在同组液体活塞单元的两个压力容器中有序双向 流动。其中液压缸可选用单作用活塞缸或双作用活塞缸或及其组合，水泵可采用可变叶片角度或可变频的通过变频电机控制的水泵，对于液压缸其动力设备连接在活塞杆上，对水泵及液压马达这种轮机设备，其动力设备连接在轮机的转轴上。当压缩时，动力设备带动液体驱动设备运行，液体流向为液体从压强低的压力容器处流向压强高的压力容器，消耗电能。当膨胀时，液体流向为压强高的压力容器流向压强低的压力容器，液体驱动设备在两个压力容器压强差作用下，带动动力设备发电；对于每组液体活塞单元，与相邻高压级压力容器相连通的压力容器压强较高，与相邻低压级压力容器相连通的压力容器压强相对较低。
所述动力设备是指，根据不同的液体驱动设备选择不同的动力设备，对于液体驱动设备为液压马达或水泵或液压泵时，选用直线电机或曲柄电机等作为其动力设备。当液体驱动设备为液压缸时，选择电动缸、直线电机、曲柄电机或虚拟抽蓄系统或以上设备的组合作为其动力设备。每组液体活塞单元的液体驱动设备可以单独连接各自动力设备，也可以成组连接一个动力设备运行。
所述虚拟抽蓄系统也可利用自适应液压势能转换装置，使两侧液压缸的面积比与两侧压强比相匹配，实现减小活塞杆上摩擦，降低损耗的目的。
各级压力容器具有补充及排出液体的功能，例如在各级压力容器通过额外的与其连接的液体管道直接注入或排出液体，也可通过各级压力容器之间额外的液体管道逐级间接地注入或排出液体。
所述等温气体压缩系统可与采用运行控制的分级接力压缩空气储能系统组合使用，也可作为实现气体恒压存储的压缩空气储能装置中的气体压缩装置或气体膨胀做功设备。
本发明的有益效果是在压缩储能过程中，在动力设备驱动下系统将低压气体 逐级压缩并迁移最后送至储气系统或高压气体管道；在膨胀释能过程中，高压气体逐级膨胀并驱动动力设备对外做功。在压缩或膨胀过程中，始终控制液体在单级液体活塞单元的两个压力容器间往复，减少相应的气体溶解，实现了不同组液体活塞单元级间的气体边迁移边压缩，减少了运行时间，提高了工作效率。
附图说明
图1为气体压缩系统示意图。
图2为以双作用活塞缸为例的液体驱动设备结构示意图。
图3为以单个水泵为例的液体驱动设备结构示意图。
图4为以两个水泵并联为例的液体驱动设备结构示意图。
图5为以虚拟抽蓄系统为例的动力设备结构示意图。
图6为虚拟抽蓄系统中采用的自适应液压势能转换装置结构示意图。
图7为气体压缩储能过程的第一种模式示意图。
图8为气体压缩储能过程的第二种模式示意图。
图9为气体膨胀释能过程的第一种模式示意图。
图10为气体膨胀释能过程的第二种模式示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明提出一种可逆型多级双链路交错等温气体压缩系统，所述可逆型多级双链路交错等温气体压缩系统由两组以上不同耐压等级的随压强升高有效容量逐级减小的液体活塞单元组成；每组液体活塞单元由两个相同耐压等级相同容量的A压力容器与B压力容器、及压力容器间的液体驱动设备组成，各组液体活塞单元的A压力容器相互连接形成第一压缩通道，各组液体活塞单元的B压力容器相互连接形成第二压缩通道，最低等级液体活塞单元压力容器连接外部低压气体 管道，最高等级液体活塞单元压力容器与高压气体管道或储气系统相连；每组液体活塞单元的液体驱动设备连接动力设备，动力设备再与电网相连。下面结合附图，对本发明作详细说明。
如图1所示的气体压缩系统结构示意图，D1、D2、D3为三个压力等级依次升高的液体活塞单元，每个液体活塞单元由两个耐压等级相同的A压力容器和B压力容器以及L液体驱动设备组成；每个液体活塞单元中A压力容器和B压力容器通过液体管道与液体驱动设备L的首尾端分别相连；所有液体活塞单元中的A压力容器通过气体迁移管道G3、G5顺序连接形成第一压缩通道，所有液体活塞单元中的B压力容器通过气体迁移管道G4、G6顺序连接形成第二压缩通道；其中，D1液体活塞单元中包括A1压力容器、B1压力容器、L1液体驱动设备，A1压力容器、B1压力容器通过液体管道与L1液体驱动设备的首尾端分别相连，L1液体驱动设备连接动力设备M；D2液体活塞单元中包括A2压力容器、B2压力容器、L2液体驱动设备，A2压力容器、B2压力容器通过液体管道与L2液体驱动设备的首尾端分别相连，L2液体驱动设备连接动力设备M；D3液体活塞单元中包括A3压力容器、B3压力容器、L3液体驱动设备，A3压力容器、B3压力容器通过液体管道与L3液体驱动设备的首尾端分别相连，L3液体驱动设备连接动力设备M；
所述最低压力等级的D1液体活塞单元中的A1压力容器通过G1低压气体管道连接外界低压气体源，B1压力容器通过G2低压气体管道连接外界低压气体源；最高压力等级的液体活塞单元D3中的A3压力容器通过G7高压气体管道与储气系统S相连，B3压力容器通过高压气体管道G8与储气系统S相连。在第一压缩通道上的A1、A2、A3和S之间各安装F1阀门、F3阀门、F5阀门以控制其通断；在第二压缩通道上的B1、B2、B3和S之间各安装F2阀门、F4阀门、F6阀门以 控制其通断。
如图2所示以双作用活塞缸为例的液体驱动设备结构示意图。在每级液体活塞单元的L液体驱动设备的上端并联F7阀门和F8阀门，F7阀门和F8阀门分别连接L液体驱动设备左右腔上端；下端并联F9阀门和F10阀门，F9阀门和F10阀门分别分别连接L液体驱动设备左右腔下端，同时在压力容器与液体驱动设备间的液体管道上加装散热装置P以控制温度；工作时液体驱动设备L左右两侧的液压腔内全部为液体，当压力容器A有气体注入时，同时开启阀门F7、F10，关闭阀门F8、F9；活塞杆在动力设备M驱动下向左运动，A压力容器中的液体进入右侧液压腔，于此同时左侧液压腔中的液体进入B压力容器，当液压杆运动至最左侧时，开启阀门F8、F9，关闭阀门F7、F10，活塞杆在动力设备M驱动下向右运动，循环以上过程，利用阀门的通断及活塞杆的运动实现了液体流向的变化，最终实现了单级液体活塞单元中的液体循环。
如图3所示的以单个水泵为例的液体驱动设备结构示意图。每级液体活塞单元的L液体驱动设备的入水口与出水口皆连接两个阀门分别接至A压力容器与B压力容器。入水口通过F8阀门与F10阀门与A压力容器和B压力容器分别相连，出水口通过F7阀门与F9阀门与A压力容器和B压力容器分别相连，同时在压力容器与液体驱动设备间的液体管道上加装散热装置P以控制温度，图中未画出控制水泵泵机运行的M动力设备。工作时，当A压力容器有气体注入时，在M动力设备驱动下，同时开启阀门F8、F9，关闭阀门F7、F10，A压力容器中的液体由水泵入水口到达出水口最终进入B压力容器；当B压力容器有气体注入时，在M动力设备驱动下，同时开启阀门F7、F10，关闭阀门F8、F9，B压力容器中的液体由水泵入水口到达出水口最终进入A压力容器，循环以上过程，实现了单级液 体活塞单元中的液体循环。
如图4所示的以两个水泵并联为例的液体驱动设备结构示意图。每级液体活塞单元的L液体驱动设备由La、Lb两水泵并联而成。La水泵的出水口及入水口通过F8阀门与F10阀门与A压力容器和B压力容器分别相连，Lb水泵的入水口及出水口通过F7阀门与F9阀门与A压力容器和B压力容器分别相连，同时在压力容器与液体驱动设备间的液体管道上加装散热装置P以控制温度，图中未画出控制水泵泵机运行的M动力设备。工作时，当A压力容器有气体注入时，在M动力设备驱动下，同时开启阀门F7、F9，关闭阀门F8、F10，A压力容器中的液体由Lb水泵入水口到达出水口最终进入B压力容器；当B压力容器有气体注入时，在M动力设备驱动下，同时开启阀门F8、F10，关闭阀门F7、F9，B压力容器中的液体由La水泵入水口到达出水口最终进入A压力容器，通过两个水泵的交错运行，实现了单级液体活塞单元中的液体循环。
如图5所示的以虚拟抽蓄系统为例的动力设备结构示意图。其中图中右侧虚框内为虚拟抽蓄系统，左侧的液压缸A作为动力系统所带动的液体驱动设备，G代表水泵/水轮机。压缩时，水泵G将低压水池D中的水抽到高压水池D中，再从高压水池D流入液压缸B，通过控制阀门的通断推动活塞缸作往复运动，带动液体驱动设备运行。膨胀时，液压缸A的活塞杆带动液压缸B的活塞杆做往复运动，通过控制阀门的通断使低压水池D中的水通过液压缸B被抽入高压水池C，水再从高压水池流出推动水轮机G发电，将电送入电网。工作过程中，液压缸A、B组成了液压变压器，实现了压力转换的功能。液压变压器的两侧也可采用多个液压缸串联的方式，如图6所示的自适应液压势能转换装置，每侧的单个液压缸置换为两个液压缸串联，通过阀门的通断可改变两侧液压缸的面积比，在工作过 程中，根据两侧的压强比选择最接近的相应面积比的液压缸组合，实现减小活塞杆上摩擦，降低损耗的目的。
图7、图8描述了气体压缩储能的过程，气体压缩的过程中两种压缩模式不断交错循环运行，每种模式的压缩初始状态中，对每级液体活塞单元，其两个压力容器状态相反，一个充满液体，另一个充满气体。对于每个压缩通道，相邻两级压力容器的状态相反，对一个压力容器，其同一压缩通道上两侧的压力容器的状态相同。
如图7所示为压缩过程的第一种模式。压缩初始状态为第一压缩通道中A1压力容器、A3压力容器充满液体，A2压力容器充满气体，第二压缩通道中的B2压力容器充满液体，B1压力容器、B3压力容器充满气体；打开F2阀门、F3阀门，其余阀门处于关断状态；通过低压气体管道G1向A1压力容器中不断注入低压气体，于此同时A1压力容器中的液体通过L1液体驱动设备输送至同一液体活塞单元中另一B1压力容器中，此时B1压力容器与B2压力容器相连通，两个压力容器构成连通器，B1压力容器中的气体不断流出进入B2压力容器，同时B2压力容器B2中的液体通过L2液体驱动设备输送至同一液体活塞单元中另一A2压力容器中。
在这一压缩模式中，L1液体驱动设备、L2液体驱动设备控制其流量比例与B1压力容器、B2压力容器的容量体积比相同。而低压级的B1压力容器其容量大于B2压力容器，导致注入B1压力容器的液体体积大于流出B2压力容器的液体体积，因此对于B1压力容器、B2压力容器构成的连通器，其注入液体体积大于流出液体体积。随着液体不断注入B1压力容器，液体占连通器体积的比例不断增大，气体所占比例不断减小，气体压强不断升高，实现压缩。在此过程中，B1 压力容器、B2压力容器中的气体以同一压强被同步压缩。由于液体不断注入B1压力容器，流出B2压力容器，因此B1压力容器中的相对气体体积占比不断减小，B2压力容器中的相对气体体积占比不断增大，表现为B1压力容器中的气体不断的向B2压力容器迁移，最终B1压力容器充满液体，B2压力容器变为满气状态。
与上述过程类似，在L2液体驱动设备的作用下，A2压力容器、A3压力容器组成的连通器中的气体被不断压缩并最终迁移至A3压力容器中，此时在L3液体驱动设备的作用下A3压力容器中的液体不断进入B3压力容器压缩其中的气体，待B3压力容器中气体压强到达指定压强后打开阀门F6，在L3液体驱动设备的作用下将高压气体通过气体迁移管道G8输送至储气系统S中，实现了压缩的第一种模式。在此模式中，气体与液体的流动路线综合呈现为“S”型。
所述交错运行的表现为，对D1液体活塞单元、D3液体活塞单元，其中的液体经L1液体驱动设备、L3液体驱动设备由第一压缩通道上的A压力容器流入第二压缩通道上的B压力容器。而对D2液体活塞单元，其中的液体经L2液体驱动设备由B2压力容器流入A2压力容器，所有液体活塞单元中液体的流向如图中虚线方向所示。
所述两压缩通道交错通断的表现为，以D2液体活塞单元为例，位于第一压缩通道上的有液体流入的A2压力容器与相邻高压级同链路的A3压力容器相连通，位于第二压缩通道上的有液体流出的B2压力容器与相邻低压级同链路的B1压力容器相连。在压缩第一种模式中，压缩气体的流动路线如图中实线方向所示。
如图8所示为压缩过程的第二种模式，其初始状态为压缩第一种模式结束后的状态，与压缩第一种模式的初始状态相反，此时第一压缩通道中A1压力容器、A3压力容器充满气体，A2压力容器充满液体，第二压缩通道中的B2压力容器充 满气体，B1压力容器、B3压力容器充满液体。打开F1阀门、F4阀门，其余阀门处于关断状态。气体的压缩过程除流动路线外与第一种模式相同，压缩气体的流动路线如图中实线方向所示，所有液体活塞单元中液体的流向如图中虚线方向所示。气体的流动路线、液体的流动方向与第一种模式完全相反。在此模式中，气体与液体的流动总体路线切换至“Z”型。上述两个压缩模式的不断循环实现了将气体逐级压缩并送至储气系统的过程。
图9、图10描述了气体膨胀释能的过程，气体膨胀的过程中两个膨胀模式不断循环，每个模式的膨胀初始状态中，对每级液体活塞单元，其两个压力容器状态相反，一个充满液体，另一个充满气体。对于每个压缩通道，相邻两级压力容器的状态相反，对一个压力容器，其同一压缩通道上两侧的压力容器的状态相同。
图9所示为膨胀的第一种模式。膨胀初始状态为第一压缩通道中A1压力容器、A3压力容器充满液体，A2压力容器充满气体，第二压缩通道中的B2压力容器充满液体，B1压力容器、B3压力容器充满气体。打开F2阀门、F3阀门、F6阀门，其余阀门处于关断状态。储气系统通过等压迁移的方式利用G7气体迁移管道向装有液体的A3压力容器中注入高压气体，待注入的高压气体达到一定体积后，关闭F6阀门，停止传输，气体在A3压力容器中膨胀使液体通过L3液体驱动设备输送至同一液体活塞单元中另一B3压力容器中，并驱动动力设备M做功。此时B3压力容器与B2压力容器相连通，两压力容器构成连通器，B3压力容器中的气体不断流出进入B2压力容器，同时B2压力容器中的液体通过L2液体驱动设备输送至同一液体活塞单元中另一A2压力容器中，驱动动力设备M做功。
在这一膨胀模式中，L3液体驱动设备、L2液体驱动设备控制其流量比例与 B3压力容器、B2压力容器的容量体积比相同。而搞压级的B3压力容器的容量小于B2压力容器，导致注入B3压力容器的液体体积小于流出B2压力容器的液体体积，因此对于B1压力容器、B2压力容器构成的连通器，其注入液体体积小于流出液体体积。随着液体不断注入B3压力容器，液体占连通器体积的比例不断减小，气体所占比例不断增大，气体压强不断降低，实现膨胀。在此过程中，B3压力容器、B2压力容器中的气体以同一压强同步膨胀。由于液体不断注入B3压力容器，流出B2压力容器，因此B1压力容器中的相对气体体积占比不断减小，B2压力容器中的相对气体体积占比不断增大，表现为B3压力容器中的气体不断的向B2压力容器迁移，最终B3压力容器充满液体，B2压力容器变为满气状态。
与上述过程类似，B2压力容器中的液体经L2液体驱动设备输送至A2压力容器中，A2压力容器、A1压力容器组成的连通器中的气体的不断膨胀并最终迁移至A1压力容器中，A1压力容器中的液体被膨胀气体压入液体驱动设备并驱动其动力设备对外做功，最终液体进入B1压力容器，实现了膨胀的第一种模式。在此模式中，气体与液体的流动路线综合呈现为“Z”型。
交错运行的表现为，对D1液体活塞单元、D3液体活塞单元，其中的液体经L1液体驱动设备、L3液体驱动设备由第一压缩通道上的A压力容器流入第二压缩通道上的B压力容器。而对D2液体活塞单元，其中的液体经L2液体驱动设备由B2压力容器流入A2压力容器，所有液体活塞单元中液体的流向如图中虚线方向所示。
两压缩通道交错通断的表现为，以液体活塞单元D2为例，位于第一压缩通道上的有液体流出的压力容器A2与相邻高压级同链路的压力容器A3相连通，位于第二压缩通道上的有液体流入的B2压力容器与相邻低压级同链路的B1压力容 器相连。在膨胀第一种模式中，压缩气体的流动路线如图中实线方向所示；
如图10所示为膨胀过程的第二种模式，其初始状态为膨胀第一种模式结束后的状态，与膨胀第一种模式的初始状态相反，此时第一压缩通道中A1压力容器、A3压力容器充满气体，A2压力容器充满液体，第二压缩通道中的B2压力容器充满气体，B1压力容器、B3压力容器充满液体。打开F2阀门、F3阀门，其余阀门处于关断状态。气体的压缩过程除流动路线外与第一种模式相同，压缩气体的流动路线如图中实线方向所示，所有液体活塞单元中液体的流向如图中虚线方向所示。气体的流动路线、液体的流动方向与第一种模式完全相反。在此模式中，气体与液体的流动总体路线切换至“S”型。上述两个压缩模式的不断循环实现了使气体逐级膨胀做功的过程。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种可逆型多级双链路交错等温气体压缩系统，其特征在于，所述可逆型多级双链路交错等温气体压缩系统由两组以上不同耐压等级的随压强升高有效容量逐级减小的液体活塞单元组成；每组液体活塞单元由两个相同耐压等级相同容量的A压力容器与B压力容器、及压力容器间的L液体驱动设备组成，每个液体活塞单元中A压力容器和B压力容器经L液体驱动设备相连；所有液体活塞单元中的A压力容器通过气体管道顺序连接形成第一压缩通道；所有液体活塞单元中的B压力容器通过气体管道顺序连接形成第二压缩通道；其中，最低等级液体活塞单元的两个压力容器分别连接外部低压气体管道；最高等级液体活塞单元的两个压力容器分别与外部高压气体管道或储气系统相连；每组液体活塞单元的L液体驱动设备连接M动力设备，M动力设备再与电网相连；
    所述等温气体压缩系统通过内控温方式对气体温度控制，并通过散热系统对液体温度进行控制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述可逆型多级双链路交错等温气体压缩系统，其特征在于，所述各级L液体驱动设备驱动本级液体活塞单元两个压力容器间液体有序流动，液体活塞单元的两个压力容器其中一个压力容器流出液体，另一个压力容器流入液体，系统通过阀门和管道控制两个压缩通道交错通断，使相邻等级的液体活塞单元同步交错运行，逐级压缩气体或使气体膨胀，使与每组液体活塞单元的液体驱动设备连接的动力设备运行。
  3. 根据权利要求1和2所述可逆型多级双链路交错等温气体压缩系统，其特征在于，所述液体活塞单元同步交错运行，同步交错运行的交错运行是指，当一组液体活塞单元中液体经L液体驱动设备由A压力容器流入B压力容器的同时， 相邻级液体活塞单元中的液体则由B压力容器流向A压力容器。所述同步交错运行的同步是指，当液体注满一组液体活塞单元中的一侧压力容器后，该液体活塞单元中的液体流向发生改变，此时其他的液体活塞单元中也同步出现注满一侧压力容器，液体流向也同时发生改变，保持交错运行状态；
  4. 根据权利要求1所述可逆型多级双链路交错等温气体压缩系统，其特征在于，所述两个压缩通道交错通断，通过阀门控制各级管道依次交错通断，借助每组液体活塞单元内的液体在同级压力容器间往复，实现了不同组液体活塞单元级间的气体边迁移边压缩，在一个压缩周期中气体与液体的流动路线综合呈现为“S/Z”型；包括：
    压缩时，对每组液体活塞单元有液体注入的A压力容器或B压力容器与相邻高压等级方向同链路的A压力容器或B压力容器连通，另一有液体流出的压力容器与相邻低压级同链路的压力容器连通。对最低等级的液体活塞单元，有液体流出的压力容器与低压气体管道连通。对最高等级的液体活塞单元，有液体流入的压力容器通过气体排出策略与高压气体管道或储气系统连通；在压缩时，气体通道阀门可以采用单向阀或者单向阀与两通阀组合，控制整个系统自动实现交错通断；
    膨胀时，对每组液体活塞单元有液体流出的A压力容器或B压力容器与相邻高压级同链路的A压力容器或B压力容器连通，另一有液体流入的压力容器与相邻低压级同链路的压力容器连通；对最低等级的液体活塞单元，有液体流入的压力容器与低压气体管道连通；对最高等级的液体活塞单元，有液体流出的压力容器通过气体注入策略与高压气体管道或储气系统连通。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述可逆型多级双链路交错等温气体压缩系统，其特征在 于，所述压缩过程为：对每组液体活塞单元，有液体流入的压力容器中的气体注入相邻高压级同链路有液体流出的压力容器，有液体流出的压力容器从相邻低压级同链路有液体流入的压力容器中获得气体，由于相邻级压力容器的有效容量不同，因此气体在完全进入高压级压力容器后会按两压力容器的有效容积比被压缩，使得气体始终处于变迁移边压缩的过程中。对最低等级的液体活塞单元，气体从低压管道流入有液体流出的压力容器。对最高等级的液体活塞单元，有液体流入的压力容器中的气体注入高压管道或储气系统。
    当所有有液体流入的压力容器同时被液体注满后，通过压缩通道的交错通断与液体活塞单元的同步交错运行，液体与气体的综合流动路线在“S”与“Z”之间进行切换，使得气体从低压管道进入系统经逐级压缩后进入高压气体管道或储气系统，实现多级压缩。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述可逆型多级双链路交错等温气体压缩系统，其特征在于，所述膨胀过程为：对每组液体活塞单元，有液体流入的压力容器中的气体注入相邻低压级同链路有液体流出的压力容器，有液体流出的压力容器从相邻高压级同链路有液体流入的压力容器中获得气体，由于相邻级压力容器的有效容量不同，使得气体始终处于变迁移边膨胀的过程中。对最低等级的液体活塞单元，有液体流入的压力容器中的气体进入低压管道。对最高等级的液体活塞单元，高压管道或储气系统中的气体注入有液体流出的压力容器。
    当所有有液体流入的压力容器同时被液体注满后，通过压缩通道的交错通断与液体活塞单元的同步交错运行，液体与气体的综合流动路线在“S”与“Z”之间进行切换，使得气体不断的从高压管道进入系统经逐级膨胀后进入低压气体管道，实现多级膨胀。
  7. 根据权利要求1和4所述可逆型多级双链路交错等温气体压缩系统，其特征在于，所述气体排出策略为：在压缩过程中最高等级液体活塞单元有液体流入的压力容器经阀门控制与储气系统间或与高压气体管道间连通，当压力容器中的气体压强达到指定压强时，打开阀门或与高压气体管道连通，在液体驱动设备的作用下液体不断流入压力容器，并使压力容器中的气体迁移至储气系统或高压气体管道中。所述气体注入策略为：在膨胀过程中，最高等级液体活塞单元有液体流出的压力容器与储气系统间的阀门打开或与高压气体管道连通，高压气体不断注入压力容器，当气体注入量满足需求时，关断阀门或与高压气体管道断开；其中，当储气系统为通过输入输出液体控制的恒压储气系统时，向储气系统注入或这导出高压气体的同时，会通过额外设备从储气系统中导出或注入液体，或者将液体导入或导出至各级液体活塞的压力容器中，再通过额外控制设备调整各级液体活塞里的液体量。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述系统，其特征在于，所述液体驱动设备是指由活塞缸或水泵或者液压马达中或以上设备中的一个或多个组合实现，驱动液体始终在同组液体活塞单元的两个压力容器中有序双向流动。当压缩时，动力设备带动液体驱动设备运行，液体流向为液体从压强低的压力容器处流向压强高的压力容器，消耗电能。当膨胀时，液体流向为压强高的压力容器流向压强低的压力容器，液体驱动设备在两个压力容器压强差作用下，带动动力设备发电。
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