WO2022037888A1 - Battery cell - Google Patents

Battery cell Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022037888A1
WO2022037888A1 PCT/EP2021/070384 EP2021070384W WO2022037888A1 WO 2022037888 A1 WO2022037888 A1 WO 2022037888A1 EP 2021070384 W EP2021070384 W EP 2021070384W WO 2022037888 A1 WO2022037888 A1 WO 2022037888A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
housing
electrode
base
cell according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/070384
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Seokyoon Yoo
Martin Hiller
Franz Fuchs
Kevin Gallagher
Frederik Morgenstern
Christophe MILLE
Nikolaos Tsiouvaras
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2022037888A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022037888A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0422—Cells or battery with cylindrical casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/545—Terminals formed by the casing of the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/559—Terminals adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round, elliptic or button cells
    • H01M50/56—Cup shaped terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/564—Terminals characterised by their manufacturing process
    • H01M50/566—Terminals characterised by their manufacturing process by welding, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/375—Vent means sensitive to or responsive to temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a battery cell for a battery in a motor vehicle.
  • the main components of conventional battery cells are two electrodes that are electrically insulated from one another and that are rolled up, for example, to form a jelly roll-shaped electrode packet, a so-called jelly roll, and accommodated in a housing of the battery cell.
  • heat is generated during operation of the battery cell. Reliable heat dissipation is essential to ensure reliable and efficient operation of the battery cell.
  • a separate heat transfer element is arranged between the jelly roll and the housing in conventional battery cells. The heat transfer element is in physical contact with an electrode of the jellyroll and with the housing. In this way, the heat generated in the jelly roll is transferred to the housing via the heat transfer element.
  • the heat transfer capacity of conventional heat transfer elements is very limited and not optimal.
  • the heat transfer element is an additional component that must be manufactured separately and installed in the battery cell.
  • the heat transfer element must first be welded to the jellyroll and then to the housing in a separate manufacturing step.
  • the manufacturing process of the battery cell is therefore complex.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a battery cell of simple construction which has good and efficient heat transfer between the electrodes and the housing and which eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • a battery cell for a battery of a motor vehicle the one, in particular sleeve-shaped housing that delimits an interior space, and at least one first electrode and at least has a second electrode, both of which are arranged in the interior of the housing.
  • At least one of the at least one first electrode is electrically connected to the housing, and the housing is in direct physical contact with the at least one first electrode. Due to the direct physical contact of the housing with the at least one first electrode, no further components are functionally arranged between the housing and the first electrode. As a result, the number of components can be reduced and production can thus be simplified. Furthermore, a more efficient heat conduction and a more efficient electrical conduction between the housing and the at least one first electrode can be ensured without the interposition of a further component.
  • the housing thus forms part of the at least one first electrode.
  • the housing is, for example, circular-cylindrical.
  • the battery cell represents a motor vehicle battery cell.
  • the battery cell may include an opening in the housing and a unitary cap formed separately from the housing that is disposed in the opening, that is electrically insulated from the housing, and that closes the opening.
  • the at least one second electrode is electrically connected to the cap and the at least one first electrode is electrically connected to the housing. Because the cap is in one piece, the cap does not have any different components, which means that the complexity of the cap can be greatly reduced. As a result, the cap has a very simple structure and only an electrical and/or thermal conducting function, as a result of which the requirements on the cap are significantly reduced and the production of the cap can be significantly simplified.
  • the housing can be made of a thermally conductive and/or electrically conductive material, in particular steel or aluminum, in particular with the housing forming a pole of the battery cell. Accordingly, the housing has several functions as a protective housing and heat conductor and/or electrical conductor. As a result, the number of components can be further reduced.
  • the electrodes are designed as electrode bands and/or formed into an electrode package, in particular in the form of a circular cylinder. in particular rolled up, the electrode pack being fastened directly to the housing, in particular being welded on.
  • the housing has a base and a lateral surface, with the base being in direct physical contact with the at least one first electrode and/or with at least one bulge protruding from the base into the interior, in particular with the base being axisymmetric is.
  • the lateral surface and the base merge into one another in one piece.
  • the base area can bear against another component, for example a cooling device and/or contacting device, with the housing acting as a thermal conductor and/or electrical conductor.
  • the bulges are stamped or embossed, so that the bulges are formed by deforming the base area.
  • the bulges can thus be easily made.
  • the bulges represent contacting surfaces via which contact is made with the at least one first electrode in a thermally conductive and/or electrically conductive manner.
  • the electrode assembly can be directly attached, in particular welded, to the at least one bulge of the base area. As a result, the thermal conductivity and/or electrical conductivity can be improved.
  • the bulge extends from a radially outer side to a radially opposite radially outer side.
  • bulges are provided, which are arranged next to one another in the circumferential direction or radial direction of the base area.
  • a larger contact area between the base area and the at least one first electrode is formed by a plurality of bulges, so that the heat conduction and/or electrical conduction between the base area and the at least one first electrode is improved.
  • the battery cell has a ventilation device that is arranged on the base surface of the housing.
  • the risk of damage to the battery cell due to excess pressure and/or high temperatures can be reduced or avoided by the venting device.
  • the ventilation device can also be provided in a cap of the battery cell.
  • the venting device is designed as a predetermined breaking point, which is destroyed above a specific excess pressure and/or above a specific temperature and then forms a venting opening. The excess pressure and/or the hot air can be released through the ventilation opening. This contributes to the safety of the battery cell.
  • the battery cell can have a cap that is insulated from the housing and forms a second terminal of the battery cell.
  • the cap serves as a detachable closure for the battery cell, which reliably closes an opening in the battery cell and thereby protects the components arranged inside the housing.
  • the battery cell can be electrically contacted via the cap.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a motor vehicle with a motor vehicle battery according to the invention, which has a plurality of battery cells according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of one of the battery cells according to the invention according to FIG. 1, and
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the battery cell according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 and 2 during manufacture.
  • a motor vehicle 10 is shown in FIG. 1
  • the motor 12 is coupled to one or more wheels 18 in a known manner.
  • the battery 14 is electrically coupled to the charging port 16 and the electric motor 12 in a known manner. Furthermore, the battery 14 has a plurality of battery cells 20 , four in this embodiment.
  • the battery cell 20 has a sleeve-shaped housing 22 with a circular-cylindrical lateral surface 23 and a base surface 24 . Furthermore, the battery cell 20 comprises a separate cap 26 arranged on an end opposite the base area 24.
  • the housing 22 is formed in one piece.
  • the base 24 merges into the lateral surface 23 of the housing 22 in one piece.
  • the base surface 24 and the lateral surface 23 are therefore an integral part of the housing 22.
  • the housing 22 delimits an interior space 25 which is closed by the cap 26 .
  • An insulator 27 is arranged between the housing 22 and the cap 26, via which the housing 22 and the cap 26 are electrically insulated from one another.
  • a ventilation device in the form of a predetermined breaking point 29 is provided in the base area 24 .
  • the ventilation device or the predetermined breaking point 29 can be formed in the cap 26 .
  • a plurality of bulges 30 are formed in the base area 24, for example by stamping or embossing.
  • the base area 24 thus has an undeformed base section 31 from which the bulges 30 protrude.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section through the battery cell 20 in the area of the bulges 30 .
  • the battery cell 20 is shown from the outside in FIG.
  • the bulges 30 protrude from the base section 31 into the interior space 25 .
  • the bulges 30 extend from a radial outside to a radially opposite, radial outside of the base area 24.
  • the bulges 30 are arranged in the shape of a cross.
  • the battery cell 20 further comprises an electrode pack 28 which is accommodated in the interior space 25 .
  • the electrode pack 28 has a first electrode 32 and a second electrode 34 .
  • the two electrodes 32, 34 are arranged between two electrically insulating insulator layers 36, 38, with an electrically insulating intermediate insulator layer 40 being provided between the two electrodes 32, 34.
  • the electrodes 32, 34 and the insulator layers 36, 38, 40 are formed as bands representing different layers.
  • the individual bands are laid on top of one another in layers and then rolled up to form the electrode pack 28 .
  • the electrode assembly 28 therefore represents a so-called jelly roll.
  • the electrodes 32, 34 and the insulator layers 36, 38, 40 are arranged in an outer sleeve 42, which is in particular electrically insulating.
  • the first electrode 32 is an anode and the second electrode 34 is a cathode.
  • the second electrode 34 is slightly longer than the adjacent insulator layers 36, 38, 40, the first electrode 32 and the outer shell 42.
  • the second electrode 34 protrudes in this area.
  • the protruding sections can also be referred to as second conductors 44 .
  • a contact element 46 is positioned between the electrode assembly 28 and the cap 26 , via which the second conductors 44 are electrically coupled to the cap 26 .
  • the first electrode 32 is longer than the adjacent insulator layers 36, 38, 40, the second electrode 34 and the outer shell 42. In other words, the first electrode 32 protrudes in this area.
  • the protruding portions may be referred to as first drains 48 .
  • the first electrode 32 is electrically and thermally conductively connected to the base surface 24 via the first conductors 48, for example they are in direct physical contact.
  • the first electrode 32 is attached directly to the bulges 30 in an electrically and thermally conductive manner, for example by welding,
  • the electrode pack 28 is pushed into the housing 22, as shown in FIG.
  • the conductors 48 of the first electrodes 32 are welded to the housing 22 or the base area 24 from the outside in the area of the bulges 30 .

Abstract

A battery cell for a motor vehicle battery has a housing (22) delimiting an interior (25), as well as at least one first electrode (32) and at least one second electrode (34), both of which are placed in the interior (25) of the housing (22), at least one of the one or more first electrodes (32) being electrically connected to the housing (22). According to the invention, the housing (22) is in direct physical contact with the at least one first electrode (32).

Description

Batteriezelle battery cell
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Batteriezelle für eine Batterie eines Kraftfahrzeugs.The invention relates to a battery cell for a battery in a motor vehicle.
Die Hauptkomponenten von üblichen Batteriezellen sind zwei voneinander elektrisch isolierte Elektroden, die beispielsweise zu einem biskuitrollenförmigen Elektrodenpaket, einer sogenannten Jellyroll, aufgerollt und in einem Gehäuse der Batteriezelle aufgenommen sind. The main components of conventional battery cells are two electrodes that are electrically insulated from one another and that are rolled up, for example, to form a jelly roll-shaped electrode packet, a so-called jelly roll, and accommodated in a housing of the battery cell.
In der Regel kommt es beim Betrieb der Batteriezelle zur einer Wärmeentwicklung. Um einen zuverlässigen und effizienten Betrieb der Batteriezelle sicherzustellen, ist eine zuverlässige Wärmeabfuhr essentiell. Dafür ist in üblichen Batteriezellen ein separates Wärmeübertragungselement zwischen der Jellyroll und dem Gehäuse angeordnet. Das Wärmeübertragungselement ist zum einen mit einer Elektrode der Jellyroll und zum anderen mit dem Gehäuse in physischen Kontakt. Auf diese Weise wird die in der Jellyroll entstandene Wärme über das Wärmeübertragungselement an das Gehäuse übertragen. As a rule, heat is generated during operation of the battery cell. Reliable heat dissipation is essential to ensure reliable and efficient operation of the battery cell. For this purpose, a separate heat transfer element is arranged between the jelly roll and the housing in conventional battery cells. The heat transfer element is in physical contact with an electrode of the jellyroll and with the housing. In this way, the heat generated in the jelly roll is transferred to the housing via the heat transfer element.
Allerdings ist die Wärmeübertragungskapazität üblicher Wärmeübertragungselemente sehr eingeschränkt und nicht optimal. Zudem stellt das Wärmeübertragungselement ein zusätzliches Bauteil dar, dass separat hergestellt und in die Batteriezelle montiert werden muss. However, the heat transfer capacity of conventional heat transfer elements is very limited and not optimal. In addition, the heat transfer element is an additional component that must be manufactured separately and installed in the battery cell.
Hierzu muss das Wärmeübertragungselement zuerst an die Jellyroll und anschließend in einem separaten Herstellungsschritt an das Gehäuse angeschweißt werden. To do this, the heat transfer element must first be welded to the jellyroll and then to the housing in a separate manufacturing step.
Der Herstellungsprozess der Batteriezelle ist somit aufwendig. The manufacturing process of the battery cell is therefore complex.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine einfach aufgebaute Batteriezelle bereitzustellen, die eine gute und effiziente Wärmeübertragung zwischen den Elektroden und dem Gehäuse aufweist und die die Nachteile des Stands der Technik ausräumt. The object of the invention is to provide a battery cell of simple construction which has good and efficient heat transfer between the electrodes and the housing and which eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Batteriezelle für eine Batterie eines Kraftfahrzeugs gelöst, das ein, insbesondere hülsenförmiges Gehäuse, das einen Innenraum begrenzt, und wenigstens eine erste Elektrode und wenigstens eine zweite Elektrode aufweist, die beide im Innenraum des Gehäuses angeordnet sind. Dabei ist zumindest eine der wenigstens einen ersten Elektroden mit dem Gehäuse elektrisch verbunden, und das Gehäuse steht in direktem physischen Kontakt mit der wenigstens einen ersten Elektrode. Durch den direkten physischen Kontakt des Gehäuses mit der wenigstens einen ersten Elektrode sind keine weiteren Bauteile wirkungstechnisch zwischen dem Gehäuse und der ersten Elektrode angeordnet. Dadurch kann die Anzahl an Bauteilen reduziert und so die Herstellung vereinfacht werden. Des Weiteren kann ohne die Zwischenschaltung eines weiteren Bauteils eine effizientere Wärmeleitung und eine effizientere elektrische Leitung zwischen dem Gehäuse und der wenigstens einen ersten Elektrode sichergestellt werden. Das Gehäuse bildet somit einen Teil der wenigstens einen ersten Elektrode. This object is achieved by a battery cell for a battery of a motor vehicle, the one, in particular sleeve-shaped housing that delimits an interior space, and at least one first electrode and at least has a second electrode, both of which are arranged in the interior of the housing. At least one of the at least one first electrode is electrically connected to the housing, and the housing is in direct physical contact with the at least one first electrode. Due to the direct physical contact of the housing with the at least one first electrode, no further components are functionally arranged between the housing and the first electrode. As a result, the number of components can be reduced and production can thus be simplified. Furthermore, a more efficient heat conduction and a more efficient electrical conduction between the housing and the at least one first electrode can be ensured without the interposition of a further component. The housing thus forms part of the at least one first electrode.
Das Gehäuse ist beispielsweise kreiszylinderförmig. The housing is, for example, circular-cylindrical.
Insbesondere stellt die Batteriezelle eine Kraftfahrzeug-Batteriezelle dar.In particular, the battery cell represents a motor vehicle battery cell.
Die Batteriezelle kann eine Öffnung im Gehäuse und eine separat zum Gehäuse ausgebildete, einteilige Kappe umfassen, die in der Öffnung angeordnet ist, die gegenüber dem Gehäuse elektrisch isoliert ist und die die Öffnung verschließt. Dabei ist die wenigstens eine zweite Elektrode mit der Kappe und die wenigstens eine erste Elektrode mit dem Gehäuse elektrisch verbunden. Durch die Einteiligkeit der Kappe weist die Kappe keine unterschiedlichen Bauteile auf, wodurch die Komplexität der Kappe stark verringert werden kann. Die Kappe hat dadurch einen sehr einfachen Aufbau und ausschließlich eine elektrische und/oder thermische Leitfunktion, wodurch die Anforderungen an die Kappe deutlich reduziert und so die Herstellung der Kappe deutlich vereinfacht werden kann. The battery cell may include an opening in the housing and a unitary cap formed separately from the housing that is disposed in the opening, that is electrically insulated from the housing, and that closes the opening. The at least one second electrode is electrically connected to the cap and the at least one first electrode is electrically connected to the housing. Because the cap is in one piece, the cap does not have any different components, which means that the complexity of the cap can be greatly reduced. As a result, the cap has a very simple structure and only an electrical and/or thermal conducting function, as a result of which the requirements on the cap are significantly reduced and the production of the cap can be significantly simplified.
Das Gehäuse kann aus einem wärmeleitfähigen und/oder elektrisch leitfähigen Material sein, insbesondere aus Stahl oder Aluminium, insbesondere wobei das Gehäuse einen Pol der Batteriezelle bildet. Das Gehäuse weist demnach mehrere Funktionen als Schutzgehäuse und Wärmeleiter und/oder elektrischer Leiter auf. Dadurch kann die Anzahl an Bauteilen weiter reduziert werden. The housing can be made of a thermally conductive and/or electrically conductive material, in particular steel or aluminum, in particular with the housing forming a pole of the battery cell. Accordingly, the housing has several functions as a protective housing and heat conductor and/or electrical conductor. As a result, the number of components can be further reduced.
Gemäß einem Aspekt sind die Elektroden als Elektrodenbänder ausgebildet und/oder zu einem, insbesondere kreiszylinderförmigen Elektrodenpaket geformt, insbesondere zusammengerollt, wobei das Elektrodenpaket unmittelbar am Gehäuse befestigt, insbesondere angeschweißt ist. According to one aspect, the electrodes are designed as electrode bands and/or formed into an electrode package, in particular in the form of a circular cylinder. in particular rolled up, the electrode pack being fastened directly to the housing, in particular being welded on.
Ein weiterer Aspekt sieht vor, dass das Gehäuse eine Grundfläche und eine Mantelfläche aufweist, wobei die Grundfläche mit der wenigstens einen ersten Elektrode in direktem physischen Kontakt steht und/oder wobei von der Grundfläche zumindest eine Ausbuchtung in den Innenraum absteht, insbesondere wobei die Grundfläche achsensymmetrisch ist. Die Mantelfläche und die Grundfläche gehen dabei einstückig ineinander über. Die Grundfläche kann an einem anderen Bauteil, beispielsweise an einer Kühleinrichtung und/oder Kontaktierungseinrichtung, anliegen, wobei das Gehäuse als Wärmeleiter und/oder elektrischer Leiter fungiert. A further aspect provides that the housing has a base and a lateral surface, with the base being in direct physical contact with the at least one first electrode and/or with at least one bulge protruding from the base into the interior, in particular with the base being axisymmetric is. The lateral surface and the base merge into one another in one piece. The base area can bear against another component, for example a cooling device and/or contacting device, with the housing acting as a thermal conductor and/or electrical conductor.
Beispielsweise sind die Ausbuchtungen gestanzt oder geprägt, sodass die Ausbuchtungen durch eine Verformung der Grundfläche gebildet sind. Die Ausbuchtungen können somit leicht hergestellt werden. Die Ausbuchtungen stellen Kontaktierungsflächen dar, über die die zumindest eine erste Elektrode wärmeleitend und/oder elektrisch leitend kontaktiert ist. For example, the bulges are stamped or embossed, so that the bulges are formed by deforming the base area. The bulges can thus be easily made. The bulges represent contacting surfaces via which contact is made with the at least one first electrode in a thermally conductive and/or electrically conductive manner.
Das Elektrodenpaket kann an der zumindest einen Ausbuchtung der Grundfläche unmittelbar befestigt, insbesondere angeschweißt sein. Dadurch kann die Wärmeleitfähigkeit und/oder elektrische Leitfähigkeit verbessert werden. The electrode assembly can be directly attached, in particular welded, to the at least one bulge of the base area. As a result, the thermal conductivity and/or electrical conductivity can be improved.
Beispielsweise erstreckt sich die Ausbuchtung von einer radialen Außenseite zu einer radial entgegengesetzten radialen Außenseite. For example, the bulge extends from a radially outer side to a radially opposite radially outer side.
Insbesondere sind mehrere Ausbuchtungen vorgesehen, die in Umfangsrichtung oder Radialrichtung der Grundfläche nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Durch mehrere Ausbuchtungen wird eine größere Kontaktfläche zwischen der Grundfläche und der wenigstens einen ersten Elektrode gebildet, sodass die Wärmeleitung und/oder elektrische Leitung zwischen der Grundfläche und der wenigstens einen ersten Elektrode verbessert wird. In particular, several bulges are provided, which are arranged next to one another in the circumferential direction or radial direction of the base area. A larger contact area between the base area and the at least one first electrode is formed by a plurality of bulges, so that the heat conduction and/or electrical conduction between the base area and the at least one first electrode is improved.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform weist die Batteriezelle eine Entlüftungsvorrichtung auf, die an der Grundfläche des Gehäuses angeordnet ist. Durch die Entlüftungsvorrichtung kann die Gefahr einer Beschädigung der Batteriezelle durch Überdruck und/oder hohe Temperaturen verringert oder vermieden werden. Optional kann die Entlüftungsvorrichtung auch in einer Kappe der Batteriezelle vorgesehen sein. According to one embodiment, the battery cell has a ventilation device that is arranged on the base surface of the housing. The risk of damage to the battery cell due to excess pressure and/or high temperatures can be reduced or avoided by the venting device. Optionally, the ventilation device can also be provided in a cap of the battery cell.
Beispielsweise ist die Entlüftungsvorrichtung als Sollbruchstelle ausgebildet, die ab einem bestimmten Überdruck und/oder ab einer bestimmten Temperatur zerstört wird und dann eine Entlüftungsöffnung bildet. Durch die Entlüftungsöffnung kann der Überdruck und/oder die heiße Luft abgelassen werden. Das trägt zur Sicherheit der Batteriezelle bei. For example, the venting device is designed as a predetermined breaking point, which is destroyed above a specific excess pressure and/or above a specific temperature and then forms a venting opening. The excess pressure and/or the hot air can be released through the ventilation opening. This contributes to the safety of the battery cell.
Die Batteriezelle kann eine Kappe aufweisen, die vom Gehäuse isoliert ist und einen zweiten Pol der Batteriezelle bildet. Die Kappe dient als lösbarer Verschluss der Batteriezelle, der eine Öffnung der Batteriezelle zuverlässig verschließt und dadurch die innerhalb des Gehäuses angeordneten Bauteile schützt. Gleichzeitig kann die Batteriezelle über die Kappe elektrisch kontaktiert werden. The battery cell can have a cap that is insulated from the housing and forms a second terminal of the battery cell. The cap serves as a detachable closure for the battery cell, which reliably closes an opening in the battery cell and thereby protects the components arranged inside the housing. At the same time, the battery cell can be electrically contacted via the cap.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie aus den beigefügten Zeichnungen, auf die Bezug genommen wird. In den Zeichnungen zeigen: Further advantages and features of the invention result from the following description and from the accompanying drawings, to which reference is made. In the drawings show:
Figur 1 eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeug-Batterie, die mehrere erfindungsgemäße Batteriezellen aufweist, Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a motor vehicle with a motor vehicle battery according to the invention, which has a plurality of battery cells according to the invention,
Figur 2 eine schematische Schnittansicht einer der erfindungsgemäßen Batteriezellen gemäß Figur 1 , und FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of one of the battery cells according to the invention according to FIG. 1, and
Figur 3 eine Perspektivansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Batteriezelle gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 während der Herstellung. FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the battery cell according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 and 2 during manufacture.
In Figur 1 ist ein Kraftfahrzeug 10 gezeigt, das einen Elektromotor 12, eine Batterie 14, einen Ladeanschluss 16 und mehrere Räder 18 umfasst. A motor vehicle 10 is shown in FIG.
Der Motor 12 ist in bekannter Weise mit einem Rad 18 oder mehreren Rädern 18 gekoppelt. The motor 12 is coupled to one or more wheels 18 in a known manner.
Die Batterie 14 ist in bekannter Weise elektrisch mit dem Ladeanschluss 16 und dem Elektromotor 12 gekoppelt. Des Weiteren weist die Batterie 14 mehrere, in dieser Ausführungsform vier, Batteriezellen 20 auf. The battery 14 is electrically coupled to the charging port 16 and the electric motor 12 in a known manner. Furthermore, the battery 14 has a plurality of battery cells 20 , four in this embodiment.
In Figur 2 ist eine der Batteriezellen 20 geschnitten dargestellt. Die Batteriezelle 20 weist ein hülsenförmiges Gehäuse 22 mit einer kreiszylindrischen Mantelfläche 23 und einer Grundfläche 24 auf. Weiterhin umfasst die Batteriezelle 20 eine an einem der Grundfläche 24 entgegengesetzten Ende angeordnete, separate Kappe 26. One of the battery cells 20 is shown in section in FIG. The battery cell 20 has a sleeve-shaped housing 22 with a circular-cylindrical lateral surface 23 and a base surface 24 . Furthermore, the battery cell 20 comprises a separate cap 26 arranged on an end opposite the base area 24.
Das Gehäuse 22 ist einteilig ausgebildet. The housing 22 is formed in one piece.
Demnach geht die Grundfläche 24 einstückig in die Mantelfläche 23 des Gehäuses 22 über. Die Grundfläche 24 und die Mantelfläche 23 sind demnach integraler Bestandteil des Gehäuses 22. Accordingly, the base 24 merges into the lateral surface 23 of the housing 22 in one piece. The base surface 24 and the lateral surface 23 are therefore an integral part of the housing 22.
Das Gehäuse 22 begrenzt einen Innenraum 25, der durch die Kappe 26 verschlossen ist. The housing 22 delimits an interior space 25 which is closed by the cap 26 .
Zwischen dem Gehäuse 22 und der Kappe 26 ist ein Isolator 27 angeordnet, über den das Gehäuse 22 und die Kappe 26 zueinander elektrisch isoliert sind. An insulator 27 is arranged between the housing 22 and the cap 26, via which the housing 22 and the cap 26 are electrically insulated from one another.
In der Grundfläche 24 ist eine Entlüftungsvorrichtung in Form einer Sollbruchstelle 29 vorgesehen. A ventilation device in the form of a predetermined breaking point 29 is provided in the base area 24 .
Optional kann die Entlüftungsvorrichtung bzw. die Sollbruchstelle 29 in der Kappe 26 ausgebildet sein. Optionally, the ventilation device or the predetermined breaking point 29 can be formed in the cap 26 .
Des Weiteren sind in der Grundfläche 24 mehrere Ausbuchtungen 30 geformt, beispielsweise durch Stanzen oder Prägen. Furthermore, a plurality of bulges 30 are formed in the base area 24, for example by stamping or embossing.
Die Grundfläche 24 hat somit einen unverformten Basisabschnitt 31 von der die Ausbuchtungen 30 abstehen. The base area 24 thus has an undeformed base section 31 from which the bulges 30 protrude.
In Figur 2 ist ein Schnitt durch die Batteriezelle 20 im Bereich der Ausbuchtungen 30 gezeigt. FIG. 2 shows a section through the battery cell 20 in the area of the bulges 30 .
In Figur 3 ist die Batteriezelle 20 von außen dargestellt. The battery cell 20 is shown from the outside in FIG.
Die Ausbuchtungen 30 stehen vom Basisabschnitt 31 in den Innenraum 25 ab.The bulges 30 protrude from the base section 31 into the interior space 25 .
In der hier gezeigten Ausführungsform erstrecken sich die Ausbuchtungen 30 von einer radialen Außenseite zu einer radial entgegengesetzten radialen Außenseite der Grundfläche 24. Hierbei sind die Ausbuchtungen 30 kreuzförmig angeordnet. Die Battenezelle 20 umfasst weiterhin em Elektrodenpaket 28, das im Innenraum 25 aufgenommen ist. In the embodiment shown here, the bulges 30 extend from a radial outside to a radially opposite, radial outside of the base area 24. The bulges 30 are arranged in the shape of a cross. The battery cell 20 further comprises an electrode pack 28 which is accommodated in the interior space 25 .
Das Elektrodenpaket 28 weist eine erste Elektrode 32 und eine zweite Elektrode 34 auf. The electrode pack 28 has a first electrode 32 and a second electrode 34 .
Die beiden Elektroden 32, 34 sind zwischen zwei elektrisch isolierenden Isolatorschichten 36, 38 angeordnet, wobei zwischen den beiden Elektroden 32, 34 eine elektrisch isolierende Zwischenisolatorschicht 40 vorgesehen ist. The two electrodes 32, 34 are arranged between two electrically insulating insulator layers 36, 38, with an electrically insulating intermediate insulator layer 40 being provided between the two electrodes 32, 34.
In der hier gezeigten Ausführungsform sind die Elektroden 32, 34 und die Isolatorschichten 36, 38, 40 als unterschiedliche Schichten darstellende Bänder ausgebildet. Die einzelnen Bänder sind schichtartig aufeinandergelegt und dann zum Elektrodenpaket 28 zusammengerollt. Das Elektrodenpaket 28 stellt demnach eine sogenannte Jellyroll dar. In the embodiment shown here, the electrodes 32, 34 and the insulator layers 36, 38, 40 are formed as bands representing different layers. The individual bands are laid on top of one another in layers and then rolled up to form the electrode pack 28 . The electrode assembly 28 therefore represents a so-called jelly roll.
Optional sind die Elektroden 32, 34 und die Isolatorschichten 36, 38, 40 in einer, insbesondere elektrisch isolierenden Außenhülle 42 angeordnet. Optionally, the electrodes 32, 34 and the insulator layers 36, 38, 40 are arranged in an outer sleeve 42, which is in particular electrically insulating.
In Figur 2 ist lediglich eine Wicklung des Elektrodenpakets 28 dargestellt.Only one winding of the electrode assembly 28 is shown in FIG.
Beispielsweise ist die erste Elektrode 32 eine Anode und die zweite Elektrode 34 eine Kathode. For example, the first electrode 32 is an anode and the second electrode 34 is a cathode.
An einem kappenseitigen Ende des Elektrodenpakets 28 ist die zweite Elektrode 34 etwas länger als die benachbarten Isolatorschichten 36, 38, 40, die erste Elektrode 32 und die Außenhülle 42. Die zweite Elektrode 34 steht in diesem Bereich hervor. Die hervorstehenden Abschnitte können auch als zweite Ableiter 44 bezeichnet werden. At a cap end of the electrode pack 28, the second electrode 34 is slightly longer than the adjacent insulator layers 36, 38, 40, the first electrode 32 and the outer shell 42. The second electrode 34 protrudes in this area. The protruding sections can also be referred to as second conductors 44 .
Zwischen dem Elektrodenpaket 28 und der Kappe 26 ist ein Kontaktelement 46 positioniert, über das die zweiten Ableiter 44 elektrisch mit der Kappe 26 gekoppelt sind. A contact element 46 is positioned between the electrode assembly 28 and the cap 26 , via which the second conductors 44 are electrically coupled to the cap 26 .
An einem grundflächenseitigen Ende des Elektrodenpakets 28 ist die erste Elektrode 32 länger als die benachbarten Isolatorschichten 36, 38, 40, die zweite Elektrode 34 und die Außenhülle 42. In anderen Worten ausgedrückt, steht die erste Elektrode 32 in diesem Bereich hervor. Die hervorstehenden Abschnitte können als erste Ableiter 48 bezeichnet werden. Über die ersten Ableiter 48 ist die erste Elektrode 32 elektrisch und wärmeleitend mit der Grundfläche 24 verbunden, zum Beispiel stehen sie in direktem physischen Kontakt. At a base end of the electrode pack 28, the first electrode 32 is longer than the adjacent insulator layers 36, 38, 40, the second electrode 34 and the outer shell 42. In other words, the first electrode 32 protrudes in this area. The protruding portions may be referred to as first drains 48 . The first electrode 32 is electrically and thermally conductively connected to the base surface 24 via the first conductors 48, for example they are in direct physical contact.
Genauer gesagt, ist die erste Elektrode 32 unmittelbar an den Ausbuchtungen 30 elektrisch und wärmeleitend angebracht, beispielsweise durch Schweißen,More precisely, the first electrode 32 is attached directly to the bulges 30 in an electrically and thermally conductive manner, for example by welding,
Löten, Kleben oder ähnliche Methoden. Soldering, gluing or similar methods.
Zwischen der Grundfläche 24 bzw. den Ausbuchtungen 30 und der ersten Elektrode 32 ist demnach kein weiteres Bauteil angeordnet bzw. wärmeleitend oder elektrisch leitend dazwischengeschaltet. Die Grundfläche 24 und somit das Gehäuse 22 stellen einen Teil der ersten Elektrode 32 dar. Accordingly, no further component is arranged between the base surface 24 or the bulges 30 and the first electrode 32 or is interposed in a thermally conductive or electrically conductive manner. The base 24 and thus the housing 22 represent part of the first electrode 32.
Bei der Herstellung wird das Elektrodenpaket 28, wie in Figur 3 gezeigt, in das Gehäuse 22 eingeschoben. During manufacture, the electrode pack 28 is pushed into the housing 22, as shown in FIG.
Danach werden die Ableiter 48 der ersten Elektroden 32 von außen im Bereich der Ausbuchtungen 30 an das Gehäuse 22 bzw. die Grundfläche 24 angeschweißt. Thereafter, the conductors 48 of the first electrodes 32 are welded to the housing 22 or the base area 24 from the outside in the area of the bulges 30 .
Es entfallen demnach mehrere Herstellungsschritte, die die Herstellung eines separaten Wärmeübertragungselements und die Anbringung des Wärmeübertragungselements an das Elektrodenpaket 28 betreffen. Accordingly, several production steps relating to the production of a separate heat transfer element and the attachment of the heat transfer element to the electrode assembly 28 are omitted.

Claims

- 8 - Patentansprüche - 8 - Claims
1 . Batteriezelle für eine Batterie (14) eines Kraftfahrzeugs (10), mit einem Gehäuse (22), das einen Innenraum (25) begrenzt, und wenigstens einer ersten Elektrode (32) und wenigstens einer zweiten Elektrode (34), die beide im Innenraum (25) des Gehäuses (22) angeordnet sind, wobei zumindest eine der wenigstens einen ersten Elektroden (32) mit dem Gehäuse (22) elektrisch verbunden ist, und wobei das Gehäuse (22) mit der wenigstens einen ersten Elektrode (32) in direktem physischen Kontakt steht. 1 . Battery cell for a battery (14) of a motor vehicle (10), with a housing (22) delimiting an interior (25), and at least one first electrode (32) and at least one second electrode (34), both in the interior ( 25) of the housing (22), wherein at least one of the at least one first electrode (32) is electrically connected to the housing (22), and wherein the housing (22) is in direct physical contact with the at least one first electrode (32). contact is established.
2. Batteriezelle nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (22) aus einem wärmeleitfähigen und/oder elektrisch leitfähigen Material, insbesondere aus Stahl oder Aluminium ist, insbesondere wobei das Gehäuse (22) einen Pol der Batteriezelle (20) bildet. 2. Battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (22) is made of a thermally conductive and/or electrically conductive material, in particular steel or aluminum, in particular wherein the housing (22) forms one pole of the battery cell (20).
3. Batteriezelle nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden (32, 34) als Elektrodenbänder ausgebildet sind und/oder zu einem, insbesondere kreiszylinderförmigen Elektrodenpaket (28) geformt, insbesondere zusammengerollt sind, wobei das Elektrodenpaket (28) unmittelbar am Gehäuse (22) befestigt, insbesondere angeschweißt ist. 3. Battery cell according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrodes (32, 34) are designed as electrode strips and/or are formed, in particular rolled up, into an electrode pack (28), in particular a circular-cylindrical one, with the electrode pack (28) directly on the Housing (22) fixed, in particular welded.
4. Batteriezelle nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (22) eine Grundfläche (24) und eine Mantelfläche (23) aufweist, wobei die Grundfläche (24) mit der wenigstens einen ersten Elektrode (32) in direktem physischem Kontakt steht und/oder wobei von der Grundfläche (24) zumindest eine Ausbuchtung (30) in den Innenraum (25) absteht, insbesondere wobei die Grundfläche (24) achsensymmetrisch ist. 4. Battery cell according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (22) has a base (24) and a lateral surface (23), the base (24) having the at least one first electrode (32) in direct physical contact and/or wherein at least one bulge (30) protrudes from the base (24) into the interior (25), in particular wherein the base (24) is axisymmetric.
5. Batteriezelle nach Anspruch 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Elektrodenpaket (28) an der zumindest einen Ausbuchtung (30) der Grundfläche (24) unmittelbar befestigt, insbesondere angeschweißt ist. 5. Battery cell according to claim 3 and 4, characterized in that the electrode assembly (28) on the at least one bulge (30) of the base (24) is directly attached, in particular welded.
6. Batteriezelle nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Ausbuchtung (30) von einer radialen Außenseite zu einer radial entgegengesetzten radialen Außenseite erstreckt. - 9 - 6. Battery cell according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the bulge (30) extends from a radially outer side to a radially opposite radial outer side. - 9 -
7. Batteriezelle nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Ausbuchtungen (30) vorgesehen sind, die in Umfangsrichtung oder Radialrichtung der Grundfläche (24) nebeneinander angeordnet sind. 7. Battery cell according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that several bulges (30) are provided, which are arranged in the circumferential direction or radial direction of the base (24) next to each other.
8. Batteriezelle nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Batteriezelle (20) eine Entlüftungsvorrichtung aufweist, die an der Grundfläche (24) des Gehäuses (22) angeordnet ist. 8. Battery cell according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the battery cell (20) has a ventilation device which is arranged on the base surface (24) of the housing (22).
9. Batteriezelle nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Entlüftungsvorrichtung als Sollbruchstelle (29) ausgebildet ist, die ab einem bestimmten Überdruck und/oder ab einer bestimmten Temperatur zerstört wird und dann eine Entlüftungsöffnung bildet. 9. The battery cell as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the venting device is designed as a predetermined breaking point (29) which is destroyed above a specific excess pressure and/or above a specific temperature and then forms a vent opening.
10. Dass die Batteriezelle eine Kappe (26) aufweist, die vom Gehäuse (22) isoliert ist und einen zweiten Pol der Batteriezelle (20) bildet. 10. That the battery cell has a cap (26) which is insulated from the housing (22) and forms a second pole of the battery cell (20).
PCT/EP2021/070384 2020-08-17 2021-07-21 Battery cell WO2022037888A1 (en)

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JP2000243433A (en) * 1998-12-25 2000-09-08 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Cylindrical alkaline storage battery and its manufacture
JP2004071266A (en) * 2002-08-05 2004-03-04 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and its manufacturing process
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