WO2022037524A1 - 检测磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应的方法及试剂盒，以及试剂盒的用途 - Google Patents

检测磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应的方法及试剂盒，以及试剂盒的用途 Download PDF

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WO2022037524A1
WO2022037524A1 PCT/CN2021/112752 CN2021112752W WO2022037524A1 WO 2022037524 A1 WO2022037524 A1 WO 2022037524A1 CN 2021112752 W CN2021112752 W CN 2021112752W WO 2022037524 A1 WO2022037524 A1 WO 2022037524A1
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hla
drug
individual
allergic
risk
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French (fr)
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钟文宏
洪舜郁
王壮维
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长庚医疗财团法人林口长庚纪念医院
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Priority to CN202180055691.3A priority Critical patent/CN116209758A/zh
Priority to US18/021,427 priority patent/US20240035089A1/en
Priority to KR1020237008283A priority patent/KR20230045092A/ko
Publication of WO2022037524A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022037524A1/zh

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Definitions

  • Drug Hypersensitivity Reaction is a class of potentially fatal immune diseases caused by drugs, including milder skin rashes (maculopapular eruptions, MPE), severe erythema multiforme (erythema multiforme majus, EMM) , and fixed drug rash (FDE), to severe and potentially fatal severe skin drug allergic reactions (severe cutaneous adverse reactions, SCAR), including drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (Drug reaction with eosinophilia) and systemic symptoms, DRESS), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (Toxic epidermal necrolysis, TEN).
  • MPE milder skin rashes
  • severe erythema multiforme erythema multiforme majus
  • FDE fixed drug rash
  • SCAR severe and potentially fatal severe skin drug allergic reactions
  • SCAR severe cutaneous adverse reactions
  • HLA-A has more than 300 genotypes
  • HLA-B has more than 600 genotypes. Therefore, it is difficult to identify the immune mechanisms that cause adverse drug reactions.
  • Sulfonamide drugs refer to a sulfonamide group (sulfonamide, chemical formula SO 2 NH 2 ) in the structure of the drug itself, such as zonisamide for anti-epileptics. There are many clinical cases of drug allergic reactions caused by antiepileptic drugs of sulfonamide derivatives.
  • a method for evaluating the risk of drug hypersensitivity reaction (Drug Hypersensitivity Reaction) caused by antiepileptic drugs of sulfonamide derivatives in an individual is disclosed, comprising the following steps:
  • the presence of an HLA-B*13:01, HLA-B*51:01 or B*51:02 allele is determined by using an oligonucleotide that specifically hybridizes to the allele .
  • the antiepileptic drug of the sulfonamide derivative is Zonisamide.
  • detection of HLA-B*13:01 and HLA-B*51:01 in a sample of the individual is included.
  • detection of HLA-B*13:01 and HLA-B*51:02 in the individual's sample is included.
  • the drug allergic reaction comprises at least one adverse reaction selected from the group consisting of: maculopapular eruption (MPE), fixed drug eruption (FDE), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (Stevens-Johnson syndrome). Johnson Syndrome, SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) or drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS).
  • MPE maculopapular eruption
  • FDE fixed drug eruption
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • SJS seriousness-Johnson syndrome
  • TEN toxic epidermal necrolysis
  • DRESS systemic symptoms
  • a detection kit for assessing the risk of a patient developing an allergic reaction to a drug caused by an antiepileptic drug of a sulfonamide derivative comprising a detection kit for detecting HLA-B* in a patient's test sample Reagents for 13:01, HLA-B*51:01 or B*51:02 alleles.
  • the detection kit comprises an oligonucleotide specifically hybridized to a nucleic acid of the HLA-B*13:01, HLA-B*51:01 or B*51:02 allele.
  • kits for detecting HLA-B*13:01, HLA-B*51:01 or B*51:02 allele is disclosed in the development of antiepileptic drugs of sulfonamide derivatives. Uses for the risk of allergic reactions to drugs.
  • the kit comprises oligonucleotides hybridized specifically to nucleic acids of the HLA-B*13:01, HLA-B*51:01 or B*51:02 alleles.
  • a method for evaluating the risk of allergic drug reactions caused by antiepileptic drugs of sulfonamide derivatives and treating allergic reactions caused by antiepileptic drugs of sulfonamide derivatives comprising the following steps:
  • a method for evaluating the risk of allergic drug reactions caused by antiepileptic drugs of sulfonamide derivatives and treating allergic reactions caused by antiepileptic drugs of sulfonamide derivatives comprising the following steps:
  • the individual is considered to be at increased risk of developing an allergic reaction to a drug if the HLA-B*13:01, HLA-B*51:01 or B*51:02 alleles are present;
  • the method further comprises determining the HLA-B*13:01 allele.
  • the presence of an HLA-B*13:01, HLA-B*51:01 or B*51:02 allele is determined by using an oligonucleotide that specifically hybridizes to the allele .
  • the antiepileptic drug of the sulfonamide derivative is Zonisamide.
  • the sample is DNA, RNA, protein, cells, serum, peripheral blood, saliva, urine, hair or skin.
  • the serious skin adverse drug reaction comprises at least one adverse reaction selected from the group consisting of: Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) or Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS).
  • SJS Stevens Johnson Syndrome
  • TEN toxic epidermal necrolysis
  • DRESS Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
  • a detection kit for assessing the risk of severe skin adverse drug reactions caused by anti-epileptic drugs of sulfonamide derivatives in a patient includes a detection kit for detecting HLA- Reagents for B*51:01 or B*51:02 alleles.
  • the detection kit further comprises determining the HLA-B*13:01 allele.
  • the detection kit comprises an oligonucleotide specifically hybridized to a nucleic acid of the HLA-B*13:01, HLA-B*51:01 or B*51:02 allele.
  • kits for detecting HLA-B*51:01 or B*51:02 allele in the risk of severe skin adverse drug reactions caused by antiepileptic drugs of sulfonamide derivatives is disclosed .
  • the use further comprises determining the HLA-B*13:01 allele.
  • the kit comprises oligonucleotides hybridized specifically to nucleic acids of the HLA-B*13:01, HLA-B*51:01 or B*51:02 alleles.
  • a method for evaluating the occurrence of severe dermatological adverse drug reactions caused by anti-epileptic drugs of sulfonamide derivatives and treating serious adverse cutaneous adverse drug reactions caused by anti-epileptic drugs of sulfonamide derivatives comprising the following steps :
  • a method for assessing the risk of serious adverse skin drug reactions caused by antiepileptic drugs of sulfonamide derivatives and treating the serious adverse skin drug reactions caused by antiepileptic drugs of sulfonamide derivatives comprising the following methods: step:
  • the use further comprises detecting the presence of the HLA-B*13:01 allele in a sample from the individual.
  • the article “a” refers to one or more than one (ie, at least one) grammatical object.
  • subject and “patient” are used interchangeably to refer to vertebrates in which drug hypersensitivity reaction (DHR) may occur.
  • DHR drug hypersensitivity reaction
  • Individuals may include warm-blooded animals, such as mammals, such as primates, preferably humans.
  • treatment refers to both therapeutic treatment and prophylactic or preventive measures; persons in need of treatment may include those who have developed DHR, or individuals prone to DHR or in need of DHR prevention.
  • the drug hypersensitivity reaction is a delayed type hypersensitivity.
  • the manifestations of DHR include mild maculopapular exanthema (MPE), fixed drug eruptions (FDEs) and even life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCAR).
  • SCAR includes drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), Stevenson-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).
  • the present invention further provides a method for assessing the risk of developing an allergic reaction to a drug and treating the allergic reaction to a drug caused by a sulfonamide derivative antiepileptic drug such as zonisamide, comprising the following steps: (a) detecting HLA in a sample of the individual - Presence of B*13:01, HLA-B*51:01 or B*51:02 allele; (b) if HLA-B*13:01, HLA-B*51:01 or B*51 is present :02 allele, the individual is deemed to be at increased risk of developing a drug hypersensitivity reaction; and (c) administering a drug to treat the drug hypersensitivity reaction.
  • a sulfonamide derivative antiepileptic drug such as zonisamide
  • the present invention also relates to a method for assessing the risk of anaphylactic drug reactions caused by sulfonamide derivative antiepileptic drugs such as zonisamide and reducing the incidence of drug anaphylaxis caused by sulfonamide derivative antiepileptic drugs such as zonisamide
  • a method comprising the steps of: (a) detecting the presence of HLA-B*13:01, HLA-B*51:01 or B*51:02 alleles in a sample from the individual; (b) if HLA is present - the B*13:01, HLA-B*51:01, or B*51:02 allele, the individual is considered to be at increased risk of developing a drug hypersensitivity reaction; and (c) administration of a treatment other than a sulfonamide derivative.
  • the method of reducing the incidence of drug hypersensitivity reactions to a sulfonamide derivative antiepileptic drug is achieved by administering treatment with a non-sulfonamide derivative antiepileptic drug.
  • the method of treating a drug hypersensitivity reaction to a sulfonamide derivative antiepileptic drug is to treat a drug hypersensitivity reaction by administering a drug, including but not limited to fluids, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin , cyclosporine, anti-TNF-alpha agents, or plasmapheresis.
  • the risk allele (HLA-B*13:01, HLA-B*51:01 or B*51:02) can be detected by any method known in the art, including but not limited to HLA Typing, serological or microcytotoxicity methods, or equivalent genetic markers to detect the allele.
  • the "equivalent genetic marker" of the risk allele refers to a genetic marker linked to the target allele (which shows linkage disequilibrium with the target allele) and can be, for example, a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism, single nucleotide polymorphism). polymorphism), microsatellite markers, or other types of genetic polymorphisms.
  • the genomic DNA is hybridized with a probe specific for the variant of interest.
  • a probe can be labeled for direct detection, or contacted with a second detectable molecule that specifically binds to the probe.
  • the cDNA, RNA or protein product of the variant can be detected.
  • the regions/nucleotides within the allele can be directly detected by using genomic DNA prepared from a sample of an individual, including but not limited to blood, saliva, urine or hair.
  • This experiment recruited 3 patients with zonisamide-induced drug hypersensitivity reaction (DHR) and assessed their HLA typing by sequencing-based typing (SBT) and compared them with 2038 healthy individuals Compare.
  • the results showed that all 3 patients with drug allergic reaction carried HLA-B*1301 allele (100%).
  • 234 of 2038 healthy individuals carried the HLA-B*1301 allele (11.48%).
  • the HLA-B*1301 allele can be used to assess the risk of allergic drug reactions induced by zonisamide.

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Abstract

本发明提供用于评估在需要此评估的个体中发生磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应的风险的方法，包含检测从个体获取的样品中HLA-B等位基因的存在的步骤，其中等位基因的存在表明个体发生磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应的风险增加。本发明也提供治疗或降低此类药物过敏反应发生率的方法。亦提供一种用于评估患者发展出磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起药物过敏反应的风险的检测试剂盒，包括测定特定HLA等位基因的试剂盒及使用此检测试剂盒评估患者发展出磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起药物过敏反应风险。

Description

检测磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应的方法及试剂盒，以及试剂盒的用途 技术领域
相关申请案的交叉引用
本申请案主张2020年8月18日申请的澳大利亚临时申请案第2020902931号的优先权及效益，其全部内容于此并入作为参考。
背景技术
药物过敏反应(Drug Hypersensitivity Reaction)是一类由药物所引起的、可能致命的免疫性疾病，包括较轻微的皮肤红疹(maculopapular eruptions，MPE)、重型多形性红斑(erythema multiforme majus，EMM)，及固定型药疹(fixed drug eruption，FDE)，到严重并可能致死的严重皮肤药物过敏反应(severe cutaneous adverse reactions，SCAR)，包括药物疹合并嗜伊红细胞增多症及全身症状(Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms，DRESS)、史帝文生-强生综合征(Stevens-Johnson syndrome，SJS)，及毒性表皮坏死溶解症(Toxic epidermal necrolysis，TEN)。
药物过敏反应常和免疫反应有关，然而免疫机制非常复杂，如：HLA-A约有300多种基因型；HLA-B约有600多种基因型。因此找出造成药物不良反应的免疫机制困难重重。
磺胺类药物是指药物本身结构中有磺胺基(sulfonamide，化学式SO 2NH 2)，例如用于抗癫痫的zonisamide。临床上不乏因磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引发药物过敏反应的案例。
因此，需要一种评估个体中发生磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应的风险的方法，以及治疗或降低此类药物过敏反应的发生率的方法，以减少此类药物过敏反应产生的风险。本发明系用以解决上述及其他需求。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个目的，揭示一种用于在个体中评估发生磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应(Drug Hypersensitivity Reaction)的风险的方法，其包含以下步骤：
(a)检测该个体的样本中HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因的存在，以及
(b)若存在HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因，则认定该个体发生磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应的风险增加。
在一实施例中，HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因的存在是通过使用与该等位基因特异性杂交的寡核苷酸来确定。
在一实施例中，该磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物为唑尼沙胺(Zonisamide)。
在一实施例中，包含检测该个体的样本中HLA-B*13：01与HLA-B*51：01。
在一实施例中，包含检测该个体的样本中HLA-B*13：01与HLA-B*51：02。
在一实施例中，该药物过敏反应包括至少一种选自以下的不良反应：斑丘疹(maculopapular eruption，MPE)、固定型药疹(fixed drug eruption，FDE)、史帝文生一强生综合征(Stevens Johnson  Syndrome，SJS)、毒性表皮坏死症(toxic epidermal necrolysis，TEN)或药物疹合并嗜伊红细胞增多症及全身症状(drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms，DRESS)。
根据本发明的另一个目的，揭示一种评估患者发展磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应风险的检测试剂盒，该检测试剂盒包括用于检测患者的检测样本中的HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因的试剂。
在一实施例中，该检测试剂盒包含与HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因的核酸专一性杂化的寡核苷酸。
根据本发明的另一个目的，揭示一种检测HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因的试剂盒在发展磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应风险的用途。
在一实施例中，该试剂盒包含与HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因的核酸专一性杂化的寡核苷酸。
根据本发明的另一个目的，揭示一种评估发生磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应风险及治疗磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应的方法，其包含以下步骤：
(a)检测该个体的样本中HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因的存在；
(b)若存在HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因，则认定该个体发生药物过敏反应的风险增加：以及
(c)施予药物以治疗该药物过敏反应。
根据本发明的另一个目的，揭示一种评估发生磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应风险及治疗磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应的方法，其包含以下步骤：
(a)检测该个体的样本中HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因的存在；
(b)若存在HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因，则认定该个体发生药物过敏反应的风险增加；以及
(c)施予非磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物治疗。
根据本发明的另一个目的，揭示一种用于在个体中评估发生磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的严重皮肤药物不良反应(Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction)的风险的方法，其包含以下步骤：
(a)检测该个体的样本中HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因的存在，以及
(b)若存在HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因，则认定该个体发生磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应的风险增加。
在一实施例中，所述方法进一步包含测定HLA-B*13：01等位基因。
在一实施例中，HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因的存在是通过使用与该等位基因特异性杂交的寡核苷酸来确定。
在一实施例中，该磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物为唑尼沙胺(Zonisamide)。
在一实施例中，该样本为DNA、RNA、蛋白质、细胞、血清、外周血、唾液、尿液、毛发或皮肤。
在一实施例中，该严重皮肤药物不良反应包括至少一种选自以下的不良反应：史帝文生-强生综合征( Stevens Johnson Syndrome，SJS)、毒性表皮坏死症(toxic epidermal necrolysis，TEN)或药物疹合并 嗜伊红细胞增多症及全身症状(drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms，DRESS)。
根据本发明的另一个目的，揭示一种评估患者发展磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的严重皮肤药物不良反应风险的检测试剂盒，该检测试剂盒包括用于检测患者的检测样本中的HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因的试剂。
在一实施例中，所述的检测试剂盒进一步包含测定HLA-B*13：01等位基因。
在一实施例中，该检测试剂盒包含与HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因的核酸专一性杂化的寡核苷酸。
根据本发明的另一个目的，揭示一种检测HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因的试剂盒在发展磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的严重皮肤药物不良反应风险的用途。
在一实施例中，所述的用途进一步包含测定HLA-B*13：01等位基因。
在一实施例中，该试剂盒包含与HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因的核酸专一性杂化的寡核苷酸。
根据本发明的另一个目的，揭示一种评估发生磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的严重皮肤药物不良反应及治疗磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的严重皮肤药物不良反应的方法，其包含以下步骤：
(a)检测该个体的样本中HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因的存在；
(b)若存在HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因，则认定该个体发生药物过敏反应的风险增加；以及
(c)施予药物以治疗该药物过敏反应。
根据本发明的另一个目的，揭示一种评估发生磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的严重皮肤药物不良反应风险及治疗磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的严重皮肤药物不良反应的方法，其包含以下步骤：
(a)检测该个体的样本中HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因的存在；
(b)若存在HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因，则认定该个体发生药物过敏反应的风险增加；以及
(c)施予非磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物治疗。
在一实施例中，所述的用途进一步包含检测该个体的样本中HLA-B*13：01等位基因的存在。
在本文中，用于此专利的术语「本发明」意欲广泛地指代此专利及以下专利权利要求的所有主题。含有此等术语的陈述应理解为不限制本文所述的主题或不限制以下专利权利要求的涵义或范畴。此专利涵盖的本发明的实施例由以下权利要求而非此发明内容界定。本发明内容系本发明的各种方面的高层次综述且引入一些在以下实施方式部分中进一步描述的概念。本发明内容并非意欲鉴别所主张的主题的关键特征或基本特征，亦并非意欲单独用于确定所主张的主题的范畴。主题应参照整个说明书的恰当部分、任一或所有图式及各权利要求来理解。
当阅读以下实施方式时本发明将变得更清楚。
实施方式
如本文所用，冠词「一」系指一个或超过一个(亦即，至少一个)的语法对象。
用语「个体(subject)」和「患者(patient)」可交互使用，系指可能发生药物过敏反应(drug hypersensitivity reaction，DHR)的脊椎动物。个体可包括温血动物，诸如哺乳动物、诸如灵长类动物， 较佳为人类。
如本文所用，术语「治疗」系指治疗性治疗及预防性或预防性措施；需要治疗的人可包含已经发生DHR者，或容易发生DHR或需要预防DHR的个体。
在本发明一实施例中，药物过敏反应(DHR)为延迟性过敏反应(Delayed type hypersensitivity)。DHR的表现包含：轻微的斑丘疹(mild maculopapular exanthema，MPE)、固定型药疹(fixed drug eruptions，FDEs)甚至危及生命的严重皮肤药物不良反应(severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions，SCAR)。SCAR包含伴药物疹合并嗜伊红细胞增多症及全身症状(drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms，DRESS)、史帝文生-强生综合征(SJS)及毒性表皮坏死症(toxic epidermal necrolysis，TEN)。
本发明更提供一种评估发生药物过敏反应的风险及治疗磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物如唑尼沙胺引起的药物过敏反应的方法，其包含以下步骤：(a)检测该个体的样本中HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因的存在；(b)若存在HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因，则认定该个体发生药物过敏反应的风险增加；以及(c)施予药物以治疗该药物过敏反应。
本发明还涉及一种评估发生磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物如唑尼沙胺引起的药物过敏反应的风险并降低由磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物如唑尼沙胺引起的药物过敏反应的发生率的方法，其包含以下步骤：(a)检测该个体的样本中HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因的存在；(b)若存在HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02等位基因，则认定该个体发生药物过敏反应的风险增加；以及(c)施予非磺胺衍生物的治疗。
在一例示性实施例中，降低磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应的发生率的方法是通过施予非磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物的治疗来达成。在另一个例示性实施例中，治疗磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应的方法是通过施予药物来治疗药物过敏反应，其包含但不限于液体、皮质类固醇、静脉内免疫球蛋白、环孢菌素、抗TNF-α剂或血浆置换术。
在一些实施例中，风险等位基因(HLA-B*13：01、HLA-B*51：01或B*51：02)可以通过本领域已知的任何方法检测，其包含但不限于HLA分型、血清学或微细胞毒性方法，或检测该等位基因的等效基因标记(equivalent genetic marker)。该风险等位基因的“等效基因标记”是指与目标等位基因连锁的基因标记(其显示与目标等位基因的连锁不平衡)且可以是例如SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism，单核苷酸多态性)、微卫星标记或其他类型的遗传多态性。在一实施例中，基因组DNA与对目标的变体特异的探针进行杂交。探针可被标记用于直接检测，或和与该探针特异性结合的第二个可检测分子接触。或者，可以检测变体的cDNA、RNA或蛋白质产物。
风险HLA等位基因的检测可通过使用从个体的样品制备的基因组DNA(包含但不限于血液、唾液、尿液或毛发)来直接检测等位基因内的区域/核苷酸。
实施例
表1.HLA-B等位基因与汉民族的唑尼沙胺引起的药物过敏反应(DHR)的关联性。
Figure PCTCN2021112752-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021112752-appb-000002
本实验招募了3名有唑尼沙胺引起的药物过敏反应(DHR)的患者，并通过基于测序的分型(sequencing-based typing，SBT)评估他们的HLA分型，并与2038名健康个体进行比较。结果显示，3名药物过敏反应患者均携带HLA-B*1301等位基因(100％)。相较之下，2038名健康个体中有234名携带HLA-B*1301等位基因(11.48％)。统计分析进一步表明HLA-B*1301等位基因的存在与唑尼沙胺引起的药物过敏反应显著相关(DHR vs.control：P＝1.5×10 -3；OR＝53.87(2.8-1046.1)；敏感性：100.00％；特异性：88.52％)(见表1)。基于以上结果，HLA-B*1301等位基因可用于评估唑尼沙胺引起的药物过敏反应的风险。
表2.HLA-B等位基因与唑尼沙胺引起的严重皮肤药物不良反应(SCAR)的关联性。
Figure PCTCN2021112752-appb-000003
表2比较7名唑尼沙胺引起的SCAR患者(案例)的HLA-B等位基因携带率的差异，与2038名过去从未有过药物过敏反应的健康对照者(一般人群)，显示HLA-B*13：01与唑尼沙胺-SCAR显著相关。(在SCAR病例中为71.4％；OR＝19.3；95％CI＝3.7-99.9；p＝3.6×10 -4)(表2)，并且HLA-B*51：01或51：02与唑尼沙胺-SCAR有显著相关(在SCAR病例中为57.1％；OR＝8.3；95％CI＝1.9-37.4；p＝0.009)。
上述实施例系仅例示性说明本发明的原理及功效，而非用于限制本发明。任何熟习此项技术的人士均可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰与改变。因此，本发明的权利保护范围，应以本发明权利要求所列为准。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种用于在个体中评估发生磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应(Drug Hypersensitivity Reaction)的风险的方法，其包含以下步骤：
    (a)检测该个体的样本中HLA-B*13:01、HLA-B*51:01或B*51:02等位基因的存在，以及
    (b)若存在HLA-B*13:01、HLA-B*51:01或B*51:02等位基因，则认定该个体发生磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应的风险增加。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中HLA-B*13:01、HLA-B*51:01或B*51:02等位基因的存在是通过使用与该等位基因特异性杂交的寡核苷酸来确定。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物为唑尼沙胺(Zonisamide)。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的方法，包含检测该个体的样本中HLA-B*13:01与HLA-B*51:01。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法，包含检测该个体的样本中HLA-B*13:01与HLA-B*51:02。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该药物过敏反应包括至少一种选自以下的不良反应：斑丘疹(maculopapular eruption,MPE)、固定型药疹(fixed drug eruption,FDE)、史帝文生－强生综合征(Stevens Johnson Syndrome,SJS)、毒性表皮坏死症(toxic epidermal necrolysis,TEN)或药物疹合并嗜伊红细胞增多症及全身症状(drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms,DRESS)。
  7. 一种评估患者发展磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应风险的检测试剂盒，该检测试剂盒包括用于检测患者的检测样本中的HLA-B*13:01、HLA-B*51:01或B*51:02等位基因的试剂。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的检测试剂盒，其中该检测试剂盒包含与HLA-B*13:01、HLA-B*51:01或B*51:02等位基因的核酸专一性杂化的寡核苷酸。
  9. 一种检测HLA-B*13:01、HLA-B*51:01或B*51:02等位基因的试剂盒在发展磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应风险的用途。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的用途，其中该试剂盒包含与HLA-B*13:01、HLA-B*51:01或B*51:02等位基因的核酸专一性杂化的寡核苷酸。
  11. 一种评估发生磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应风险及治疗磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应的方法，其包含以下步骤：
    (a)检测该个体的样本中HLA-B*13:01、HLA-B*51:01或B*51:02等位基因的存在；
    (b)若存在HLA-B*13:01、HLA-B*51:01或B*51:02等位基因，则认定该个体发生药物过敏反应的风险增加；以及
    (c)施予药物以治疗该药物过敏反应。
  12. 一种评估发生磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应风险及治疗磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物引起的药物过敏反应的方法，其包含以下步骤：
    (a)检测该个体的样本中HLA-B*13:01、HLA-B*51:01或B*51:02等位基因的存在；
    (b)若存在HLA-B*13:01、HLA-B*51:01或B*51:02等位基因，则认定该个体发生药物过敏反应的风险增加；以及
    (c)施予非磺胺衍生物的抗癫痫药物治疗。
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LEE JI-YEON, PARK HYE JUNG, PARK YONG EUN, KIM JI-YE, PARK KYUNG HEE, PARK JUNG-WON, LEE JAE-HYUN: "A Case of Zonisamide-Induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome", KOREAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, vol. 89, no. 3, 1 September 2015 (2015-09-01), pages 368 - 371, XP055902025, ISSN: 1738-9364, DOI: 10.3904/kjm.2015.89.3.368 *

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US11977085B1 (en) 2023-09-05 2024-05-07 Elan Ehrlich Date rape drug detection device and method of using same

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