WO2022036726A1 - 一种用于供暖与理疗的热绝缘封装中红外发射屏及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于供暖与理疗的热绝缘封装中红外发射屏及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2022036726A1
WO2022036726A1 PCT/CN2020/110937 CN2020110937W WO2022036726A1 WO 2022036726 A1 WO2022036726 A1 WO 2022036726A1 CN 2020110937 W CN2020110937 W CN 2020110937W WO 2022036726 A1 WO2022036726 A1 WO 2022036726A1
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mid
infrared
layer
insulating layer
timep
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PCT/CN2020/110937
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘焕明
王志强
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佛山巧鸾科技有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
    • A61N5/0625—Warming the body, e.g. hyperthermia treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
    • F24D13/026—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements in door, windows
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0658—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the wavelength of light used
    • A61N2005/0659—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the wavelength of light used infrared

Definitions

  • the invention relates to mid-infrared optical engineering, thermal insulation engineering, indoor heating and energy-saving green engineering, infrared physiotherapy, nano-engineering and intelligent manufacturing technology, in particular to a thermal insulation package mid-infrared emitting screen for heating and physiotherapy and a preparation method thereof .
  • Indoor heating technology is based on the transfer of thermal energy from objects through solid thermal conduction, thermal convection and infrared radiation, the most common of which is hot air convection to achieve indoor heating. Taking the 20kW heating fuel furnace in an old farmhouse as an example, the temperature in the furnace is higher than 600°C and the surface temperature of the open cast iron furnace shell is lower than 200 °C.
  • the radiation power is about 3kW; at the same time, the open furnace shell surface emits mid-infrared electromagnetic waves with a total radiation intensity of about 2kW/m 2 , The peak value is longer than 6 ⁇ m, if the area of the furnace shell is 1m 2 , the radiation power of the furnace shell is about 2kW.
  • This analysis shows that the total radiant power of this 20kW heating furnace is only 5kW, and the heating furnace is mainly heated by heating air convection and heating circulating water pipes.
  • New home "central” heating furnaces increase efficiency by increasing the temperature in the furnace, while modern buildings are better thermally insulated, a "central” heating furnace with a rated power of 10kW is sufficient for heating an indoor space of 100m2 , almost airtight.
  • the core of the heater usually operates at a hot temperature of >1000 °C, mainly relying on direct blowing of heated convection air to all corners of the indoor space, or indirect delivery of heated water or oil to the heat sink in all corners of the indoor space.
  • Hot air convection heating, radiant heating has a very low effect.
  • distributed and smaller heaters are generally used in indoor spaces lacking central heating facilities, and the heating principle still mainly relies on thermal convection and supplementary infrared radiation.
  • the present invention advocates a subversive innovation of transferring energy by radiation.
  • Planck's law all warm objects emit spectral radiation, and the quantitative description of the radiation intensity (I) as a function of radiation wavelength ( ⁇ ) as a function of temperature (T) is as follows [6]:
  • a blackbody An ideal radiation emitter (called a blackbody) emits electromagnetic waves in the above-mentioned spectral distribution without any self-absorption in the entire radiation spectrum, and its emissivity is theoretically set to 100%.
  • blackbodies are professionally produced and calibrated and are widely used as reference standards for emissivity testing.
  • Figure 1 shows the emission spectrum of a black body at a temperature of 310K (37°C, human body temperature).
  • the total spectral intensity of radiation below 3 ⁇ m wavelength is only about 0.02% of its entire spectrum, above 50 ⁇ m it is only 2%, and 98% of the total radiation is in the wavelength range 3 ⁇ m-50 ⁇ m.
  • the black body spectra at these two temperatures are also included in Figure 1 to further confirm that the thermal radiation associated with human health is actually only at 3 ⁇ m-50 ⁇ m The infrared region in the wavelength range.
  • infrared radiation in the wavelength range of 3 ⁇ m–50 ⁇ m for human health has been well established and evaluated [7–10]. All in all, the human body is exposed to infrared radiation in the wavelength range of 3 ⁇ m-50 ⁇ m, which can improve blood circulation and immunity [11-14], enhance wound healing ability [15], relieve pain [16-17], reduce depression stress [18], improve sleep quality [19], and delay memory decline [20]. Synergistically integrating this knowledge of infrared radiation with the emerging field of personal thermal management [21-22], new areas of scientific research emerge and new products are created. However, the wavelength span in current practice has a certain randomness, which hinders the development of this emerging industry and the sustainable acceptance of the market.
  • the exemplary works in refs 11-20 alone show the following vastly different spectral bands in the infrared spanning from narrow to broad wavelengths: "5 ⁇ m-12 ⁇ m” [11], “3 ⁇ m-14 ⁇ m” [ 14], “3 ⁇ m-15 ⁇ m” [18], “4 ⁇ m-16 ⁇ m” [16, 17, 19], “5 ⁇ m-20 ⁇ m” [20], “4 ⁇ m-20 ⁇ m” [13] and "5.6 ⁇ m-25 ⁇ m” [ 15].
  • the range of spectral bands in this industry must be regulated and standardized.
  • Infrared radiation Optical radiation with wavelengths longer than visible light, ranging from 780nm to 1mm.
  • IR-A 780nm to 1400nm, or 0.78 ⁇ m to 1.4 ⁇ m
  • IR-B 1.4 ⁇ m to 3.0 ⁇ m
  • IR-C 3 ⁇ m to 1mm.
  • the infrared spectrum is also divided into “near”, “mid” and “far” infrared.
  • the boundaries necessarily vary by application area (eg, meteorology, photochemistry, optical design, thermophysics, etc.).
  • the present invention By adopting the ISO20473 standard to correct mistakes in the industry and correctly refer to the spectral band in the 3 ⁇ m-50 ⁇ m wavelength range as mid-infrared, the present invention also requires all personnel who research, manufacture and sell mid-infrared products to Quantitative description of performance.
  • the present invention advocates the use of a universal reference black body for calibrating the spectral radiant intensity and emissivity of thermal radiation emitters that act as emitters at specific temperatures (especially those tolerable by the human body) function of the radiation wavelength.
  • the temperature range is 25°C-50°C.
  • the mid-infrared spectral band in the wavelength range 3 ⁇ m-50 ⁇ m, so all such thermal radiation emitters can be classified according to ISO20473 For the mid-infrared transmitter.
  • the wavelength of the mid-infrared emitter is calibrated by emissivity as a function of the emitter wavelength at a specific temperature, based on a blackbody with 100% emissivity.
  • emissivity refers to the average emissivity in a specific spectral band calibrated with a black body.
  • radiation intensity as a function of radiation wavelength can be measured using a high-end infrared spectrometer that can cover the mid-infrared band from 3 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • radiation intensity as a function of radiation wavelength can also be readily measured with ordinary infrared spectrometers, which typically cover the spectral range of 0.78 ⁇ m-25 ⁇ m. Therefore, the relative emissivity in the partial spectral band of 3-25 ⁇ m in the mid-infrared range of 3 ⁇ m-50 ⁇ m can be easily measured by this method.
  • the present invention employs and advocates this measurement method to determine the radiative spectral characteristics and emissivity characteristics of all mid-infrared emitters. This standardized approach overcomes unprofessionalism in the design, fabrication methods, and application of spectral specifications for human-related thermal radiation products.
  • the present invention discloses the aesthetic and functional design, preparation method, verification and design of a thermally insulated encapsulated mid-infrared emitting panel (TIMEP for short, namely Thermally Insulated Mid-infrared Emitting Panel) for heating and physiotherapy. application.
  • TIMEP thermally insulated encapsulated mid-infrared emitting panel
  • the invention of this innovative TIMEP solves a key problem that is still prevalent in the current indoor heating industry when human beings are facing a severe energy crisis, such as indiscriminately heating the environment with the warmth of humans Objects unrelated to comfort, and unprofessionalism in mid-infrared science and engineering [1-5].
  • the present invention adds the scientifically proven mid-infrared physiotherapy benefits to room heating.
  • the key to the innovation of the TIMEP of the present invention lies in its well-defined radiation interval and emissivity interval, especially its emission structure with opposite top and bottom functions, it is necessary to describe the detection and optimization of the mid-infrared emissivity.
  • a recently published article [25] describes, calibrates and validates an industrial radiated emissivity meter.
  • This radiant emissivity meter is equipped with an internal blackbody emitter with a temperature of 100°C that irradiates the test sample and detects and measures the emissivity of the test sample through the temperature change of the blackbody-like radiation absorber .
  • This radiant emissivity meter covers an emissivity range of 0.5%-98% with a spectral range of 2.5 ⁇ m-40 ⁇ m. Since Planck's law states that at 100°C, a blackbody emits only 0.14% of its total radiation in 2.5 ⁇ m-3 ⁇ m, the actual starting measurement wavelength of this emissivity meter is about 3 ⁇ m-40 ⁇ m.
  • this emissivity meter design is effective for quickly measuring mid-infrared emissivity, this design only provides average emissivity over the entire mid-infrared spectral range without wavelength-specific emissivity information. This deficiency can only be overcome by using an infrared spectrometer equipped with a black body.
  • the TIMEPs of the present disclosure can be tested and validated with a radiometer or an infrared spectrometer, both of which are readily available in the market.
  • the core function of the TIMEP of the present invention is to transmit mid-infrared radiation to the user. Since users may also have aesthetic requirements for TIMEP, TIMEP is usually decorated with visible colors. In this case, a layman, or even a scientist/engineer with routine skills in the industry, may mistakenly equate the visible light emissivity with the mid-infrared emissivity, since the human eye can only see visible colors and not to mid-infrared light. So this way one might think that because a TIMEP decorated in black doesn't emit visible light, it doesn't emit mid-infrared light either. Likewise, a layman might also feel that TIMEPs with different visible colors must have very different mid-infrared emissions.
  • the present invention again corrects this misperception by upholding scientific rigor and evidence-based norms.
  • the wavelength dispersive emissivity of a black polyester wear-resistant fabric is tested, as shown in the curve represented by the black polyester fabric in Figure 2, the spectral curve of this black polyester is similar to that of the black polyester fabric.
  • the spectral curve of the reference blackbody is very close, with a total emissivity of 96% in the measured spectral range of 3 ⁇ m-33 ⁇ m.
  • the floor is heated by absorbing radiation from the heater and absorbing thermal energy from the heater through normal thermal conductivity, then dissipating heat by air convection and radiation.
  • the floor still emits mid-infrared radiation, but the spectral signature depends on the properties of the floor surface material, not the heating element or the body of the floor.
  • other undercover heaters may also be made of plastic or cloth, and the mid-infrared radiation of the heater is determined by the optical properties of the top surface material, not by the electric heating elements inside the heater.
  • the present invention comprehensively solves all these defects in the industry, clarifies the scientific definition of emission and absorption, and proposes the optimal overall design scheme and low-cost preparation method of wall-mounted or ceiling-mounted TIMEP.
  • PCHsu, AYSong, PBCatrysse, C. Liu, YCPeng, J. Xie, SHFan, and Y. Cui "Radiative human body cooling by nanoporous polyethylene textile", Science 353(2016)1019 -1023;PCHsu,C.Liu,AYSong,Z.Zhang,YCPeng,J.Xie,K.Liu,CLWu,PBCatrysse,LLCai,S.Zhai,A.Majumdar,SHFan,and Y .Cui, "A dual-mode textile for human body radiative heating and cooling", Sci.Adv.3(2017)#1700895.
  • Amazon.com lists 157 commercial far-infrared heat-pad products. These products typically give no specific radiation intensity distribution in the ISO20473 far-infrared spectral span of 50-1000 ⁇ m, and give no specific radiation intensity distribution in the ISO20473 mid-infrared spectral span of 3-50 ⁇ m.
  • the energy consumption of indoor heating is an important component of the global total energy consumption, so it is a top priority to improve the current high energy consumption defect of indoor heating.
  • the current indoor heating mainly relies on convection heating, and the high energy consumption characteristics have been reviewed.
  • this indoor heating method only part of the energy is used to provide warmth and comfort for the human body, and the remaining energy It is wasted by heating many objects that have nothing to do with comfort at all. To make matters worse, this indiscriminate heating can also cause indoor humidity to drop severely or even reach harmful levels.
  • traditional indoor heating relies on heat sources with high power density and operating temperature, which are not safe for human body.
  • the subversive innovation of the present invention is that it synergistically integrates the following unorthodox concepts to design a new type of heater with the core heating principle of generating, transmitting and absorbing mid-infrared radiation to eliminate the above-mentioned defects of current indoor heating And deficiencies, especially to curb the energy-saving convection heating, and the physiotherapy benefits of mid-infrared radiation further expand the application range of this new type of heater and enhance its market value:
  • the present invention innovatively proposes a thermally insulated packaged mid-infrared emitting panel (TIMEP for short, namely Thermally-Insulated Mid-Infrared-Emitting Panel), which can be used for both heating and physiotherapy effects.
  • TIMEP thermally insulated packaged mid-infrared emitting panel
  • the present invention innovatively proposes that the design and preparation of TIMEP should conform to the mid-infrared band with emission wavelength of 3 ⁇ m-50 ⁇ m, and the emissivity and transmittance should be quantified with a blackbody-calibrated mid-infrared detector.
  • the importance of this standard is that the human body and people's commonly used clothing and bed cloth absorb mid-infrared very efficiently, and there is scientific evidence that the human body absorbs mid-infrared.
  • the mid-infrared optical parameters of the surrounding objects are conducive to accurately preset the TIMEP paving and operation arrangement according to the TIMEP user's warm comfort and physical therapy needs, so as to achieve the effect of energy saving, comfort and health.
  • the heater should not be thermally insulated from the receiver.
  • the TIMEP of the present invention is a thermally insulated packaged heater. It is one of the core innovations of the present invention that TIMEP can block the convection heating that is not energy-saving through high-efficiency thermal insulation packaging, and can also play a high-efficiency heating function.
  • the thermal insulation package of TIMEP disclosed in the present invention is also an innovative technology.
  • TIMEP's thermal insulation packaging includes two different thermal insulation packaging methods to encapsulate a piece of electrical insulation film wrapped with an electric to mid-infrared emitting film into TIMEP.
  • TIMEP adopts a thermal insulation packaging technology with a three-layer air-insulated mid-infrared transparent plastic layer structure. Heat transfer from surrounding objects.
  • TIMEP's window-like thermal insulation structure does not use glass materials that absorb mid-infrared radiation, but uses nearly 100% mid-infrared transmittance and close to 100%
  • the plastic with the highest mid-infrared emissivity is used as a window-like thermal insulation structure, and the electric-to-mid-infrared radiation in the TIMEP is output as far as possible in the direction of the TIMEP user.
  • TIMEP uses glass or other materials that absorb mid-infrared radiation as a window-like thermal insulation structure
  • the top surface of TIMEP facing TIMEP users will heat up due to absorbing mid-infrared radiation in TIMEP and dissipate heat by air convection, which is contrary to the present invention.
  • convection heating that is not energy efficient.
  • thermal insulation package of TIMEP introduced by the present invention is that the thermal insulation structure and function of the bottom cover layer of TIMEP away from the TIMEP user are different from the thermal insulation structure and function of the top cover layer facing the user,
  • the thermal insulation structure of the bottom cover layer adopts a simple thermal insulation plastic layer including foam plastic to prevent energy loss caused by solid heat transfer, and is also equipped with a metal coating such as aluminum with a mid-infrared emissivity ⁇ 10% to prevent energy loss. Energy loss due to infrared radiation.
  • One of the core innovations of the present invention is to synergistically use these two thermal insulation packaging technologies with different structures and functions to prepare the TIMEP top surface and bottom surface covering layers.
  • the window-like three-layer air-insulated plastic layer structure of TIMEP of the present invention has a mid-infrared transmittance of nearly 100% Made of plastic, the mid-infrared radiation in TIMEP can be efficiently delivered to TIMEP users.
  • the plastic of the window-like structure of the TIMEP of the present invention is also innovative in that it has near 100% mid-infrared transmittance and near 100% mid-infrared emissivity at the same time.
  • the combination of high spectral transmittance and high spectral emissivity is unusual.
  • the window-like three-layer air-insulated plastic layer structure not only transmits the mid-infrared radiation radiated by the electro-to-mid-infrared emitting film in TIMEP to TIMEP users, but also transmits nearly 100% of the mid-infrared emission through its own Efficiently release its own thermal energy.
  • the mid-infrared radiation power density received by TIMEP users is further enhanced by its own mid-infrared radiation from the window-like three-layer air-insulated plastic layer.
  • the present invention also innovatively designs TIMEP, which can simultaneously make its users feel warm and physiotherapy benefits as well as aesthetic enjoyment.
  • a layman, or even a person with ordinary skills in the indoor heater industry may perceive that black objects do not emit light, and colored objects (such as colored TIMEP) will detract from the TIMEP's mid-infrared emission function by being decorated with different colors.
  • the present invention discloses its inventive phenomenon, namely that although the TIMEP of the present invention uses lead/chrome free colors including black, white, red, yellow, blue, green, etc.
  • the lead/chromium pigment can still have a mid-infrared transmittance close to 100%, and the color TIMEP can still exert its efficient heating and physiotherapy effects.
  • the mid-infrared emitting element of TIMEP disclosed in the present invention is an electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film with low power density and low working temperature ,
  • the working voltage of TIMEP does not exceed 36V, to ensure that there is no danger of leakage when the human body contacts TIMEP, and the working surface temperature of TIMEP is much lower than 46 °C to ensure that it will not cause burns to the skin.
  • the present invention discloses the preparation of a mid-infrared emitting film with low sheet resistance less than 50 ⁇ / ⁇ by using low-cost ( ⁇ US$700-1000/ton) and low-resistivity ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ -cm) coal-based nanocarbons, which can be used at a practical cost.
  • This innovative safety requirement is met under the effective conditions, and the TIMEP laying and interior design with a low power density of about 500W/m 2 and a total power of about 1000W are suitable for the use of furniture and accessories that do not absorb or reflect mid-infrared, and can cope with indoor 20m 2
  • the heating requirements of the space provide the excellent effect of saving half of the energy.
  • TIMEP is a window-shaped three-layer air-insulated plastic layer structure with an air gap of 1.2mm between layers.
  • the theoretical thermal insulation temperature difference from the electro-transfer mid-infrared emissive film to the user-facing TIMEP top cover is 67°C.
  • TIMEP's top surface temperature for TIMEP users is far below the safe upper limit of 46°C anyway. In other words, even if the TIMEP of the present invention is at 90°C, the surface temperature of the TIMEP is absolutely safe for TIMEP users.
  • the mid-infrared emissive film with a mid-infrared emissivity of 99% has a mid-infrared power density of about 95mW/cm 2 at 90°C, even if the mid-infrared emissivity is thermally insulated from the TIMEP window
  • the mid-infrared transmittance of the structure is not ideal so that the TIMEP can only emit 80% of the 95mW/ cm2 , the TIMEP user will still feel that the TIMEP is heating at 70°C due to the absorption of the mid-infrared, while the temperature of the TIMEP top and bottom remains unbelievably At around 23°C, the innovation and energy-saving effect of the present invention can be seen from the description of the TIMEP design.
  • the TIMEP of the present invention provides a sufficiently high mid-infrared radiation in addition to providing warmth and comfort. radiation intensity, providing its users with scientifically proven mid-infrared physiotherapy benefits.
  • the TIMEP disclosed by the present invention can adopt the low cost prepared with coal or coke of [PCT/CN2018/104910] and have graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and other conductive nanocarbons, and implement the low cost preparation TIMEP of the present invention Methods.
  • US9989679 discloses a method of adding pigments to infrared transparent materials for making infrared reflective films, in order to make identification devices. Therefore, US9989679 is an infrared reflection method whose concept is opposite to the present invention.
  • US10502879 discloses a system with a colored infrared transparent layer, but this invention relates to the near infrared rather than the mid infrared, wherein the disclosed colored infrared transparent layer is used as an encapsulation material for a near infrared camera or other near infrared equipment, independent of heating and mid infrared physical therapy .
  • US10502879 discloses a coloring method using plasma particles in an infrared-transmitting matrix, but the plasma particles of this invention are very expensive and cannot be practically used for decorative heaters.
  • Reference 30 discloses the use of lead- and chromium-based pigments to beautify low-IR paints, but the related application of lead and chromium is now banned, and the disclosed method is in the opposite direction of the technical route of the present invention.
  • Reference 31 describes the preparation of colored, near-infrared reflective, superhydrophobic polymer films to keep buildings cool against solar heating. The concepts and methods described are contrary to the concepts and methods of the present invention.
  • the above summary of the invention provides a thermally insulated package mid-infrared emitting panel for heating and physiotherapy (TIMEP for short, namely Thermally-Insulated Mid-Infrared-Emitting Panel), the TIMEP includes sequential The top surface covering layer, the first gas thermal insulation layer, the first mid-infrared transparent plastic thermal insulation layer, the second gas thermal insulation layer, the second mid-infrared transparent plastic thermal insulation layer, the third gas thermal insulation layer, The first electrical insulating layer, the electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film layer, the second electrical insulating layer, and the bottom cover layer; wherein, the top cover layer faces the object to be heated, and the bottom cover layer is opposite to the top cover layer away from the object to be heated; the mid-infrared transmittance of the top surface covering layer, the first mid-infrared transparent plastic thermal insulation layer and the second mid-infrared transparent plastic thermal insulation layer is ⁇ 90%, and the bottom
  • an aesthetic pattern is also provided on the top cover layer.
  • the thickness of the first gas thermal insulation layer, the second gas thermal insulation layer and the third gas thermal insulation layer is ⁇ 1 mm, and the thickness of the first gas thermal insulation layer, the second gas thermal insulation layer and the third gas thermal insulation layer is greater than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the gas in the gas thermal insulating layer includes air.
  • the mid-infrared spectral wavelength range is 3 ⁇ m-50 ⁇ m band.
  • the sheet resistance of the electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film layer is less than or equal to 50 ⁇ / ⁇ , the thickness of the film layer is less than or equal to 200 ⁇ m, and the mid-infrared emissivity is close to 100%.
  • the composite includes nano-carbon, and the nano-carbon includes one or more multi-morphological conductive nano-materials obtained from coal or coke including graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers. carbon.
  • the production cost of the nanocarbon is less than or equal to US$1000/ton.
  • the plastic compound comprises thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polystyrene, thermoplastic polyester, carbon-based rubber, silicon-based rubber, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyparaphenylene One or more of terephthalamides; the mid-infrared emissivity of the composite material is ⁇ 90%, preferably the mid-infrared emissivity is ⁇ 95%.
  • the structural material of the top cover layer includes one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene and flame retardant polymers, the thickness of the top cover layer is less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m, and the mid-infrared emissivity is greater than or equal to 90%. .
  • the structural material of the top cover layer further includes additives.
  • the materials of the first mid-infrared transparent plastic thermal insulating layer and the second mid-infrared transparent plastic thermal insulating layer include polyethylene, polypropylene, or a combination thereof, and the first mid-infrared transparent plastic thermal insulating layer And the mid-infrared transmittance of the second mid-infrared transparent plastic thermal insulating layer is ⁇ 95%.
  • the top cover layer includes polyethylene, polypropylene, or a combination thereof with a mid-infrared transmittance ⁇ 95%, and the top cover layer further includes a pigment with a mid-infrared transmittance ⁇ 90%.
  • the pigment includes lead-free and chrome-free colors
  • the lead-free and chrome-free colors specifically include aluminum particles, coated aluminum particles, titanium dioxide particles, coated titanium dioxide particles, nano-carbon black, perylene red, quinone Phthalo Yellow, Bismuth Yellow, Indigo Blue, Phthalocyanine Blue, Cobalt Blue, Copper Phthalocyanine Green, Iron Oxide Orange, Iron Oxide Brown or Lead Free Yellow 83 and combinations thereof.
  • the bottom cover layer includes an aluminum coating with a mid-infrared emissivity of ⁇ 10% and a plastic layer with a thermal insulation temperature difference of >50°C.
  • the mid-infrared emission screen is used for indoor heating, mid-infrared physiotherapy or functional interior design and combinations thereof.
  • the present invention also provides the use of any of the above-mentioned mid-infrared emitting screens for indoor heating, mid-infrared physiotherapy or functional interior design and combinations thereof.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing any of the above-mentioned mid-infrared emission screens, the method comprising the following steps:
  • Laminate layers are added to the upper and lower sides of the stacked structure, which are the first electrical insulating layer, the electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film layer, and the second electrical insulating layer in sequence, so as to form a top surface covering layer, a first gas thermal insulating layer, and a first thermal insulating layer.
  • the third gas thermal insulating layer the first electrical insulating layer, the electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film layer, the third The superimposed structure of two electrical insulating layers and the bottom cover layer, and the above-mentioned superimposed structure is fixed by a frame to form the mid-infrared emission screen.
  • the new TIMEP disclosed in the present invention fills the technical gap, and with reference to the market demand for low-cost, high-performance TIMEP, generates warmth, comfort and mid-infrared therapeutic benefits in a safe, effective and energy-saving manner, Moreover, the new color TIMEP disclosed in the present invention also presents pleasing aesthetics on the premise of ensuring these functionalities. Furthermore, the present invention follows an approach that emphasizes scientific clarity and evidence-based norms in the design of novel TIMEPs.
  • Figure 1 shows the distribution of infrared radiation energy density of a standard black body at different temperatures
  • Figure 2 shows the distribution of infrared radiation energy density for different materials
  • TIMEP infrared emitting screen
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an infrared emitting screen (TIMEP) in a thermal insulation package for heating and physiotherapy including temperature control and electrical control of the present invention
  • TIMEP infrared emitting screen
  • TIMEP thermal insulation package mid-infrared emitting screen
  • Fig. 6 is the physical schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the thermal insulation package mid-infrared emission screen (TIMEP) for heating and physiotherapy of the present invention and the physical mid-infrared emission effect camera
  • TIMEP thermal insulation package mid-infrared emission screen
  • TIMEP infrared emitting screen
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram and an implementation effect data table of a third embodiment of an infrared emitting screen (TIMEP) in a thermal insulation package for heating and physiotherapy of the present invention.
  • TIMEP infrared emitting screen
  • the new TIMEP disclosed in the present invention fills the technical vacancy, and refers to the market demand for low-cost, high-performance TIMEP, which is safe, effective and energy-saving. way to produce warmth, comfort and mid-infrared therapeutic benefits.
  • the present invention follows an approach that emphasizes scientific clarity and evidence-based norms in the design of novel TIMEPs. This chapter discloses the specific implementation details of the technical invention according to the innovative content of the content of the invention chapter.
  • FIG. 3 shows that in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the basic structure of the thermally insulating packaged mid-infrared emitting screen (TIMEP) for heating and physiotherapy of the present invention includes the following multilayers starting from the user-facing top surface of the TIMEP, As shown in Figure 3, it includes:
  • the three mid-infrared transparent layers 311, 312 and 313 are installed in the thermal insulation frame, and the interlayer between the two adjacent mid-infrared transparent layers is filled with air, that is, the interlayer between the mid-infrared transparent layers 311 and 312 And the interlayer between the mid-infrared transparent layers 312 and 313 is filled with air respectively; in some specific embodiments, the interlayer between the mid-infrared transparent layer 313 and the electrical insulating layer 32 is also filled with air.
  • the thermally insulating frame includes a frame like a picture frame with both ends open, the frame being used to mount and secure the mid-infrared transparent layers 311 , 312 and 313 .
  • the frame is also used to mount and fix the electrical insulating layer 32 , the electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film 33 , the electrical insulating layer 34 , the ultra-thin shiny metal layer 35 and the thermal insulating foam plastic layer 36 .
  • the frame is also used to hide, install and fix the thermostat 37, the electric controller 38, the electrodes and the power supply wires.
  • each of the three mid-infrared transparent layers 311-313 in FIG. 3 includes polyethylene, polypropylene, or other mid-infrared transparent polymers, and combinations thereof.
  • the mid-infrared transparent layer 311 faces the object to be heated, and the thermally insulating foam plastic layer 36 is away from the object to be heated relative to the mid-infrared transparent layer 311 .
  • the mid-infrared transparent layer 311 can be used as a top cover layer, and the mid-infrared transparent layer 311 can be made of polyethylene, polypropylene, or other polymers that are transparent to mid-infrared.
  • the surface of the mid-infrared transparent layer 311 facing the object to be heated may also include mid-infrared transparent lead/chromium visible colors, the lead/chromium visible colors include lead-free and chrome-free colors, wherein the Lead and chrome-free colors include aluminum particles, coated aluminum particles, titanium dioxide particles, coated titanium dioxide particles, nanocarbon black, perylene red, quinone phthalocyanine yellow, bismuth yellow, indigo blue, phthalocyanine blue, cobalt blue, copper phthalocyanine green, Iron oxide orange, iron oxide brown or lead-free yellow 83 and combinations thereof.
  • the electrically insulating layers 32 and 34 comprise thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polyester, carbon-based rubber, silicone-based rubber, or polypropylene, and combinations thereof.
  • the polymers in the high-conductivity polymer composite electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film 34 include thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polystyrene, thermoplastic polyester, carbon-based rubber, silicon-based Rubber, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, parylene terephthalamide, and combinations thereof.
  • the sheet resistance of the electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film 34 is less than or equal to 50 ⁇ / ⁇ , the thickness of the film layer is less than or equal to 200 ⁇ m, and the mid-infrared emissivity is close to 100%.
  • the mid-infrared emissivity of the electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film 34 is ⁇ 90%, preferably ⁇ 95%.
  • the nanocarbons in the composite material include multi-morphological conductive nanocarbons obtained from coal or coke, including one or more of graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers.
  • the nanocarbon is composed of coal-based nanocarbon with a resistivity lower than 1 ⁇ cm, and its production cost is at least 50 times lower than that of graphene; The preferred production cost is ⁇ US$700/ton.
  • the method disclosed in WO2020051755 is suitable for producing the coal-based nanocarbon in the present invention.
  • the carbon black is further graphitized to a resistivity below 1 ⁇ cm and used to make the TIMEPs of the present invention.
  • the ultra-thin shiny metal layer 35 having a mid-infrared emissivity near 0 comprises metal-rich oxygen-rich aluminum, aluminum alloys, copper, copper alloys, chromium, zirconium alloys Carbonitrides and combinations thereof.
  • the thermal insulating layer 36 comprises a foam sheet of thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polyester, carbon-based rubber, silicone-based rubber, or polypropylene, and combinations thereof.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the TIMEP used for heating and physical therapy according to the present invention; the only difference between FIG. 3 and the structural schematic diagram of the TIMEP in FIG. 4 is that the TIMEP also adds a temperature sensor 37 and power including a control circuit and a power supply Administer assembly 38 to make a functional and operable TIMEP, all parts encapsulated with a thermally insulating frame. The rest of the components are the same as those of the first embodiment, and will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the first embodiment of the TIMEP used for heating and physiotherapy according to the present invention; the only difference between FIG. 5 and FIG. 4 is that the layers 311, 312 and 313 of the TIMEP in FIG. 5 are both thermally insulating and transparent to mid-infrared In practice, polyethylene with an infrared transmittance of about 95% is used.
  • FIG. 5 also lists the effect data table of the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the object of the first embodiment of the TIMEP used for heating and physical therapy according to the present invention and a photograph of the infrared emission effect in the object.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram and an implementation effect data table of the second embodiment of TIMEP for heating and physiotherapy according to the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram and implementation of the third embodiment of TIMEP for heating and physiotherapy according to the present invention. Effect data sheet.
  • the overall structure of the second and third embodiments is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the only difference is that the materials of the three mid-infrared transparent layers 311-313 are different.
  • the materials of the three mid-infrared transparent layers 311-313 include polyethylene; in the second embodiment, the materials of the three mid-infrared transparent layers 311-313 include polypropylene; in the third In the embodiment, the material of the three mid-infrared transparent layers 311-313 includes polyvinyl chloride.
  • the preparation method of TIMEP of the present invention comprises:
  • electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film layer disperse the plastic in the composite in an organic solvent to form a first mixed solution, and then disperse the nano-carbon in the composite in the above-mentioned first mixed solution A second mixed solution is formed in a mixed solution; the electro-transfer mid-infrared emission film layer is prepared by a standard slurry film-forming process;
  • Laminate layers are respectively added on the upper and lower sides of the stacked structure of the first electrical insulating layer, the electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film layer and the second electrical insulating layer in sequence to form a top surface covering layer and a first gas thermal insulating layer.
  • the core component of TIMEP is an electro-to-mid-infrared emitting film containing low-cost nano-carbon plastic composites.
  • the film has a low sheet resistance of less than 50 ⁇ / ⁇ , which is suitable for TIMEP to play its excellent functions and ensures that there is no leakage when the human body contacts TIMEP. Danger.
  • TIMEP operates at a safe voltage lower than 36V. With a low power density of about 500W/m 2 and a total power of about 1000W, TIMEP is suitable for laying and interior design. Furniture and decorations that do not absorb or reflect mid-infrared , A 20m2 indoor space will be evenly distributed indoors due to the supply of TIMEP and reflection by indoor objects due to the mid-infrared radiation, the indoor air temperature can be kept below 18 °C, and TIMEP users still have a warm feeling due to the absorption of mid-infrared radiation. Similar to the comfort and warmth of the indoor air temperature of 25 °C, many indoor objects are kept at about 18 °C due to the low absorption rate of mid-infrared radiation.
  • the TIMEP disclosed in the present invention can provide an excellent effect of energy saving of about 50%.
  • the present invention estimates and actually measures that TIMEP can indeed maintain the actual temperature of the mid-infrared emitting film above 90°C when the indoor air temperature is 18°C under the low power density working condition of 500W/m 2 .
  • the TIMEP electronic controller can lower the temperature below 90°C according to the actual heating requirements of TIMEP users.
  • TIMEP is a window-shaped three-layer air-insulated plastic layer structure with an air gap of 1.2mm.
  • TIMEP's top surface temperature for TIMEP users is far below the safe upper limit of 46°C anyway. In other words, even if the TIMEP of the present invention is at 90°C, the surface temperature of the TIMEP is absolutely safe for TIMEP users.
  • the mid-infrared emitting film with a mid-infrared emissivity of 99% has a mid-infrared power density of about 95mW/cm 2 at 90 °C, even if the mid-infrared emissivity is similar to the TIMEP window.
  • the mid-infrared transmittance of the thermal insulation structure is not ideal, so that TIMEP can only emit 80% of 95mW/cm 2 , that is, 76mW/cm 2 , which is equivalent to a black body temperature of 70°C. Therefore, TIMEP users will still feel that TIMEP is less effective due to the absorption of mid-infrared. 70 °C heating, but the temperature of the top and bottom surfaces of TIMEP is kept at 23 °C strangely. From this description of the design of TIMEP, the innovation and energy saving effect of the present invention can be seen.
  • the TIMEP of the present invention also provides a high enough mid-infrared radiation intensity, providing its users with scientifically proven mid-infrared physiotherapy benefits.
  • the TIMEP disclosed by the present invention can adopt the low cost prepared with coal or coke of [PCT/CN2018/104910] and have graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and other conductive nanocarbons, and the estimated cost is lower than US$700 -1000/ton, and the resistivity is lower than 1 ⁇ -cm, the coal-based nano-carbon plastic composite mid-infrared emitting film has a low sheet resistance of less than 50 ⁇ / ⁇ , and is suitable for preparing the TIMEP disclosed in the present invention, And implement the innovations of the present invention under practical cost-effective conditions.
  • the present invention relates to a thermally insulating packaged mid-infrared emitting screen (TIMEP for short) for heating and physical therapy and a preparation method thereof.
  • TIMEP thermally insulating packaged mid-infrared emitting screen
  • the present invention relates to the innovative design, preparation method and testing/validation of TIMEP, which can be applied to make users feel warm and comfortable, and has a convenient and safe mid-infrared physiotherapy effect.
  • the present invention adopts the use of the reference black body as a spectral reference standard and uses a common infrared spectrometer covering the entire mid-infrared band or at least 3 ⁇ m-25 ⁇ m to test and verify the present invention TIMEP spectral properties.
  • the measurement results in the 3 ⁇ m-25 ⁇ m band are very close to the measurement results in the entire mid-infrared band, because the typical operating temperature of TIMEP is in the range of 90°C from ordinary room temperature to the upper limit of TIMEP operating temperature, from the 3 ⁇ m-25 ⁇ m band.
  • the total radiation of black bodies has reached 85% of the entire mid-infrared band.
  • the present invention discloses a practical method for measuring the mid-infrared wavelength dispersion intensity emitted by TIMEP using a common infrared spectrometer, and a practical method for measuring the mid-infrared integral intensity emitted by TIMEP with a common mid-infrared transmitter. Both methods are
  • the reference black body is used as the reference for mid-infrared radiation.
  • a high performance TIMEP is produced.
  • a carbon nanocomposite mid-infrared emissive film was prepared using coal-based nanocarbon with high conductivity as ink and a standard thin-film casting process.
  • the sheet resistance of the obtained film was 26 ⁇ 2 ⁇ / ⁇ and the thickness was 80 ⁇ 2 ⁇ m, and an electrothermal film with a resistance of 8 ⁇ and a size of 250 cm 2 was prepared.
  • the rated power of TIMEP is 150W and 0.60W/cm 2 , respectively.
  • the window-like three-layer mid-infrared transparent layer structure is composed of three layers of polyethylene, and the air gap between these layers and the subsidiary layer of the electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film is 1.2 mm.
  • the user-facing top layer is composed of colored polyethylene with near 100% mid-infrared transmittance and near 100% mid-infrared emissivity.
  • the structure of TIMEP is shown in Figure 5.
  • the TIMEP in this example had an electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film temperature of 90°C, and the temperature of the heating-facing surface of the TIMEP exposed to an indoor environment of 18°C was 26°C.
  • the temperature measured by the calibrated thermocouple on the electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film is 90°C
  • the temperature measured by the calibrated thermocouple on the surface of the top cover layer is 26°C.
  • the mid-infrared radiation intensity detector is 50 cm away from the top cover, facing the TIMEP, and the black body temperature equivalent of measuring the TIMEP mid-infrared radiation intensity is 74 °C.
  • the reason that the temperature equivalent of mid-infrared radiation received outside TIMEP (74°C) is lower than the actual temperature of the mid-infrared emitting film (90°C) of the electrical insulation package is that the infrared emissivity of the mid-infrared emitting film of the electrical insulation package is different from that of the three-layer sandwiched air insulation.
  • the mid-infrared transmittance of the mid-infrared transparent plastic layer structure is not 100%, and the estimated actual mid-infrared radiation transmission efficiency is 83%.
  • the emissivity of the top surface of the electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film of the electrically insulating package in TIMEP is about 99%, and the mid-infrared transmittance of the three-layer air-insulated mid-infrared transparent plastic layer structure is about 95%.
  • the mid-infrared transmittance of the top cover polyethylene of the layer structure was reduced to about 93% after being pigmented.
  • the temperature measured on the surface of the bottom cover layer of TIMEP with a calibrated thermocouple is 23°C
  • TIMEP is measured with a calibrated mid-infrared radiation intensity detector facing TIMEP at a distance of 50 cm from the bottom cover layer.
  • the mid-infrared emissivity of the bottom cover is 10%.
  • Fig. 6 shows the TIMEP real photo and mid-infrared camera in the present embodiment
  • the real mid-infrared emission area is 250cm 2 (length 100cm, wide 25cm)
  • the mid-infrared camera under 130W power supply shows that the average black body temperature equivalent is 74 °C.
  • the implementation effect data table in Figure 5 shows that the temperature measured by the calibrated thermocouple on the mid-infrared emitting film is 90°C, the temperature measured by the calibrated thermocouple on the surface of the top cover layer is 26°C, and the indoor temperature is 18°C °C.
  • the results prove that the TIMEP in this embodiment can radiate mid-infrared electromagnetic waves with sufficient radiation intensity under the effect of both aesthetics and energy saving, and provides mid-infrared heating and mid-infrared physiotherapy functions.
  • a higher performance TIMEP is produced.
  • a carbon nanocomposite mid-infrared emissive film was prepared by using coal-based nanocarbon with high conductivity as ink and using a standard thin-film casting process.
  • the sheet resistance of the obtained film was 26 ⁇ 2 ⁇ / ⁇ and the thickness was 80 ⁇ 2 ⁇ m, and an electrothermal film with a resistance of 8 ⁇ and a size of 250 cm 2 was prepared.
  • the rated power of TIMEP is 150W and 0.60W/cm 2 , respectively.
  • the window-like three-layer mid-infrared transparent layer structure is composed of three layers of polypropylene, and the air gap between these layers and the subsidiary layer of the electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film is 1.2 mm.
  • the top layer facing the user is composed of colored polypropylene, the actual pattern is shown in Figure 6, and the structure of the TIMEP in this embodiment is shown in Figure 7.
  • Figure 7 also shows the implementation effect of TIMEP in this example when operating at 150W.
  • Data sheet The temperature measured by the calibrated thermocouple in the electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film is 90°C, and the calibrated thermocouple is used in the top cover layer. The temperature measured on the surface is 29°C, and the black body temperature equivalent of measuring the TIMEP mid-infrared radiation intensity with a calibrated mid-infrared radiation intensity detector at a distance of 50 cm from the top cover layer is 42°C.
  • the reason why the temperature equivalent of mid-infrared radiation received outside TIMEP (42°C) is lower than the actual temperature of the mid-infrared emitting film (90°C) of the electrical insulation package is that the infrared emissivity of the mid-infrared emitting film of the electrical insulation package is different from that of the three-layer sandwiched air insulation.
  • the mid-infrared transmittance of the polypropylene layer structure is not 100%, and the actual mid-infrared radiation transmission efficiency is estimated to be 56%.
  • the emissivity of the top surface of the electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film of the electrically insulating package in TIMEP is about 99%, the mid-infrared transmittance of the three-layer air-insulated polypropylene layer structure is about 85%, and the three-layer structure is about 85%.
  • the mid-infrared transmittance of the top cover layer polypropylene is reduced to about 83% after being pigmented.
  • the temperature measured on the surface of the bottom cover layer of TIMEP with a calibrated thermocouple is 23°C, and TIMEP is measured with a calibrated mid-infrared radiation intensity detector facing TIMEP at a distance of 50 cm from the bottom cover layer.
  • the mid-infrared emissivity of the bottom cover is 10%.
  • the TIMEP in this embodiment can radiate mid-infrared electromagnetic waves with sufficient radiation intensity under the effect of both aesthetics and energy saving, and provides mid-infrared heating and mid-infrared physiotherapy functions. Because the mid-infrared transmittance of polypropylene is slightly lower than that of polyethylene, polypropylene absorbs the radiation of part of the mid-infrared emitting film and heats up when TIMEP works. The case is poor, the energy consumption is increased from 135W in the first embodiment to 150W to maintain the electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film at 90°C, and the actual mid-infrared radiation transmission efficiency is only 56%.
  • a carbon nanocomposite mid-infrared emissive film was prepared using coal-based nanocarbon with high conductivity as ink and a standard thin-film casting process.
  • the sheet resistance of the obtained film was 26 ⁇ 2 ⁇ / ⁇ and the thickness was 80 ⁇ 2 ⁇ m, and an electrothermal film with a resistance of 8 ⁇ and a size of 250 cm 2 was prepared.
  • the rated power of TIMEP is 150W and 0.60W/cm 2 , respectively.
  • the electric heaters are usually encapsulated and protected by polyvinyl chloride and covered with an electrical insulating film.
  • the window-like three-layer mid-infrared transparent layer structure of TIMEP in this embodiment is changed to three layers. It is composed of polyvinyl chloride, and the top layer facing the user is composed of colored polyvinyl chloride.
  • the actual pattern is shown in Figure 6, and the structure of the TIMEP in this embodiment is shown in Figure 8.
  • Figure 8 also shows the implementation effect of TIMEP in this example when operating at 180W.
  • Data sheet The temperature measured by the calibrated thermocouple in the electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film is 90°C, and the calibrated thermocouple is used in the top cover layer. The temperature measured on the surface is 40°C, and the black body temperature equivalent of measuring the TIMEP mid-infrared radiation intensity with a calibrated mid-infrared radiation intensity detector at a distance of 50 cm from the top cover layer is 35°C.
  • the results show that the total mid-infrared emission efficiency of TIMEP in this example is extremely low.
  • the main reason is that the mid-infrared transmittance of polyvinyl chloride is extremely low, which is not conducive to the transmission of the radiation of the electro-transfer mid-infrared emitting film to the outside of TIMEP.
  • the thermal insulation of the vinyl layer structure in turn blocks other heat transfer pathways.
  • the polyvinyl chloride on the top cover of TIMEP absorbs the mid-infrared radiation of the TIMEP layer and heats up to 40 °C, and then mainly relies on air convection to dissipate heat.
  • the characteristic of low rate is consistent with the experimentally measured infrared absorption spectrum characteristics.
  • the TIMEP encapsulated in PVC in this embodiment is not only a low-efficiency mid-infrared emitter, but also a high-energy-consuming and low-efficiency heater. From this, it can be inferred that electric heaters such as electric heating floor mats encapsulated in PVC on the market are not only low-efficiency mid-infrared emitters, but also heaters with high energy consumption and low efficiency.

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Abstract

一种用于供暖与理疗的热绝缘封装中红外发射屏（TIMEP）及其制备方法，中红外发射屏包括依次叠层设置的顶面覆盖层（311）、第一气体热绝缘层、第一透中红外塑料热绝缘层（312）、第二气体热绝缘层、第二透中红外塑料热绝缘层（313）、第三气体热绝缘层、第一电绝缘层（32）、电转中红外发射膜层（33）、第二电绝缘层（34）、及底面覆盖层（35，36）；顶面覆盖层（311）与热绝缘层的中红外透射度≥90％，底面覆盖层（35，36）热绝缘且中红外发射率≤10％；电转中红外发射膜层（33）的材料包括低成本煤基纳米碳塑料复合物。TIMEP既以高度热绝缘克服热空气对流供暖的高能耗弊端又可将电转中红外高效传递给使用者，提供给使用者舒适的暖感和中红外理疗的效果。

Description

一种用于供暖与理疗的热绝缘封装中红外发射屏及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及中红外光学工程、热绝缘工程、室内供暖与节能绿色工程、红外理疗、纳米工程和智能制造技术，具体涉及一种用于供暖与理疗的热绝缘封装中红外发射屏及其制备方法。
技术背景
人类文明在不断进步，但当前的发展模式是不可持续的，因为全球能源消耗速度已远远超过了全球能源储备补充速度并因此衍生能源殆尽危机。由于建筑的室内能源消耗占全球能源消耗的近40％，因此降低室内能源消耗的颠覆性创新显得尤为重要和紧迫[1-5]。室内供暖科技基于物体通过固体热传导、热对流和红外辐射传递热能，其中最普遍是通过热空气对流来实现室内供暖。以旧式农舍20kW供暖燃料炉炉内温度高于600℃而开放式铸铁炉壳表面温度低于200℃为例，炉门开口可发射总辐射强度达33kW/m 2的电磁波，辐射包括峰值在3.3μm的红外波和强度弱而仍可见的红光，如炉门开口面积为0.1m 2，辐射功率约3kW；同时，开放式炉壳面发射总辐射强度约2kW/m 2的中红外电磁波,峰值长于6μm,如炉壳面积1m 2,炉壳辐射功率约2kW。这分析说明这种20kW供暖炉总辐射功率只有5kW,供暖炉主靠加热空气对流和加热循环回流水管供暖。新式家用“中央”供暖炉以提高炉内温度来增效，而现代建筑热绝缘较好，一个额定功率为10kW的“中央”供暖器炉子已足够用于100m 2的室内空间供暖，近乎密封的供暖器的炉芯通常都在>1000℃的炽热温度下运行,主要依靠直接吹送加热的对流空气到室内空间的各个角落，或间接输送加热的水或油到室内空间各个角落的散热板再以热空气对流供暖，辐射供暖的作用很低。除此之外，缺少中央供暖设施的室内空间也普遍采用分布式较小型的供暖器，供暖原理仍主要靠热对流和辅加红外辐射。所有这些供暖器都有引起火灾和因为接触炉体高温部件所造成烧伤的风险。此外，热能的传递都是无选择性地让空间中几乎所有的物体都接收和消耗能量。除了浪费能源外，这种供暖方式还导致了一个常见的问题，即室内相对湿度极低，从而导致各种健康问题。尽管补充水蒸气可以提高室内湿度，但由于水蒸发所需的热量很高，因此这种方法消耗的能量很大。简而言之，一种在调降建筑能源消耗的情况下仍可维持人体足够的温暖舒适性的创新方法是重要且紧迫的。
既然依靠热对流供暖并不节能，本发明提倡按照辐射传递能量的颠覆性创新。根据普朗克定律，所有暖物体都发出光谱辐射，辐射强度(I)与辐射波长(λ)随温度(T)的函数关系的定量描述如下[6]:
Figure PCTCN2020110937-appb-000001
理想的辐射发射器(称为黑体)在整个辐射光谱中没有任何自吸收而按上述光谱分布发射电磁波，其发射率在理论上被设置为100％。如今，黑体已经过专业生产和校准，并广泛用作发射率的检测参考标准。例如，图1所示为温度为310K(37℃、人体温度)时黑体的发射光谱。在3μm波长以下的辐射的总光谱强度仅为其整个光谱的约0.02％，50μm以上的总光谱强度仅为2％，总辐射的98％位于3μm-50μm的波长范围内。因为人体不能长期暴露在高于320K和低于290K的温度下，因此图1中还包括了这两个温度下的黑体光谱，以进一步确认与人体健康相关的热辐射实际上只是在3μm-50μm波长范围内的红外区域。
实际上，3μm-50μm波长范围内的红外辐射对人类健康的重要性已经得到了充分的证实和评估[7-10]。总而言之，人体被3μm-50μm波长范围内的红外辐射可提高血液循环和免疫力[11-14]，增强伤口愈合能力[15]，减轻疼痛[16-17]，减轻抑郁压力[18]，改善睡眠质量[19]，并延缓记忆力衰退[20]。将红外辐射的这些知识与个人热管理的新兴领域协同整合[21-22]，出现了新的科学研究领域并制造出新的产品。但是，当前实践中的波长跨度具有一定的随意性，这种随意性阻碍了这一新兴行业的发展和市场的可持续接受能力。例如，仅参考文献11-20中的示例性作品就在红外中显示出以下从窄到宽的波长跨度的极大不同的光谱带：“5μm-12μm”[11]，“3μm-14μm”[14]，“3μm-15μm”[18]，“4μm-16μm”[16,17,19]，“5μm-20μm”[20]，“4μm-20μm”[13]和“5.6μm-25μm”[15]。显然，此行业中的光谱带的范围必须得到规范和标准化。
尽管波长跨度为3μm-50μm波长范围内的红外光谱辐射具有如此重要的意义，并促成了不少堪称典范的著作[7-22]，但令人惊讶的是，甚至连波长跨度的命名也被写成相当随意的形式。根据国际光谱标准ISO20473[23]，将3μm-50μm的波长范围明确定义为中红外，其中0.78μm-3μm的波长范围为近红外，50μm-1000μm的波长范围为远红外。但是，许多商业产品[24]和参考文献10-18中的大多数文献都随意使用了“远红外”一词来描述3μm-50μm波长范围内的辐射。其中一些文献错误地引用了国际照明委员会对红外辐射的定义，以证明他们随意使用“远红外”来描述波长在3μm-50μm范围内的辐射是合理的。为明确起见，国际照明委员会网站(WWW.CIE.CO.AT)公开公布的确切定义如下:
红外辐射：波长比可见光更长的光辐射，波长为780nm至1mm。
注1：对于红外辐射，通常分为780nm至1mm的范围：IR-A：780nm至1400nm，或0.78μm至1.4μm；IR-B1.4μm至3.0μm；IR-C：3μm至1mm。
注2：无法定义“可见”和“红外”之间的精确边界，因为波长大于780nm的视觉感受是由于波长较长的非常明亮的光源引起的。
注3：在某些应用中，红外光谱也分为“近”，“中”和“远”红外。但是，边界必然随应用领域不同(例如，气象学，光化学，光学设计，热物理等)而变化。
该澄清说明了一个结论，即国际照明委员会仅承认某些光谱应用将红外分区为“近”，“中”和“远”红外，但未对应如何设置这些分区提出意见。相比之下，ISO20473[23]将0.78μm-1.4μm的IR-A波段和1.4μm-3.0μm的IR-B波段明确组合为0.78μm-3.0μm的“近红外”波段，并将宽范围的IR-C波段明确为3.0μm-1000.0μm，其中“中红外”波段为3.0μm-50.0μm，“远红外”波段为50.0μm-1000.0μm。简而言之，本发明提倡严格执行将3μm-50μm的光谱带标记为中红外，以符合ISO20473的要求。
通过采用ISO20473标准来纠正行业中的错误，并正确地将3μm-50μm波长范围的光谱带称为中红外，本发明还要求所有对中红外产品研究、制造和销售的人员对这些产品的中红外性能进行定量说明。特别地，本发明提倡使用通用的基准黑体来校准热辐射发射器的光谱辐射强度和发射率，该光谱辐射强度和发射率在特定温度下(特别是在人体可承受的情况下)作为发射器的辐射波长的函数。温度范围为25℃-50℃。如前所述，在这样的温度下，物体的辐射强度的98％是在3μm-50μm波长范围的中红外光谱带中发射的，因此根据ISO20473，所有此类热辐射发射器都可被归类为中红外发射器。以具有100％发射率的黑体为基准，将中红外发射器的波长通过发射率作为特定温度下发射器波长的函数进行校准。在没有明确规定的情况下，发射率是指用黑体校准的特定光谱带中的平均发射率。在实践中，可以使用高端红外光谱仪测量作为辐射波长的函数的辐射强度，该高端红外光谱仪可以覆盖3μm-50μm的中红外波段。另外，也可以用通常覆盖0.78μm-25μm的光谱范围的普通红外光谱仪容易地测量作为辐射波长的函数的辐射强度。因此，通过这种方法可以容易地测量在3μm-50μm的中红外范围内的3-25μm的部分光谱带中的相对发射率。尽管此测量方法仅覆盖3-25μm的光谱带，而不覆盖3μm-50μm的整个中红外范围,但因为黑体的温度范围在25℃-50℃时，整个3μm-50μm的中红外带在3μm-25μm的这个光谱带中发射出其总热辐射的85％,所以所测得的发射率数据已很好地表示了被测对象的发射率特性。因此，本发明采用并提倡这种测量方法来确定所有中红外发射器的辐射光谱特性和发射率特性。这种标准化的做法克服了在设计、制备方法和应用与人体相关热辐射产品的光谱规格方面的不专业性。
通过这项背景调查，本发明揭示了一种用于供暖与理疗的热绝缘封装中红外发射屏(简称TIMEP，即Thermally Insulated Mid-infrared Emitting Panel)的兼顾美学和功能设计、制备方法、验证和应用。这种创新的TIMEP的发明解决了一个关键问题，即当人类正面临着一场严峻的能源危机时，目前的室内供暖行业仍然普遍存在着浪费行为，例如无差别地加热环境中与人类的温暖舒适感无关的物体，以及对中红外科学和工程的不专业性[1-5]。除了以最小的能耗产生最佳的温暖舒适感外，本发明还为室内采暖增加了已被科学论证的中红外理疗益处。
由于本发明TIMEP的创新关键在于其定义明确的辐射区间和发射率区间，特别是其顶底相反功能的发射结构，因此有必要对中红外发射率的检测和优化进行阐述。用于检测中红外辐射率的主要工具有两个：(a)通过简单的辐射发射率测量仪测得的非波长色散发射率，以及(b)通过装有黑体的红外光谱仪测得的波长色散发射率。一篇最近出版的文献[25]描述，校准并验证了一种工业用辐射发射率测量仪。该辐射发射率 测量仪配备有一个内部黑体发射器，该内部黑体发射器的温度为100℃，可辐照测试样品，并通过类黑体辐射吸收器的温度变化来检测和计量测试样品的发射率。该辐射发射率测量仪覆盖了0.5％-98％的发射率范围，光谱范围为2.5μm-40μm。由于普朗克定律规定，在100℃时，黑体在2.5μm-3μm中仅发射其总辐射的0.14％，因此该发射率测量仪的实际开始测量波长约为3μm-40μm。虽然，这种发射率测量仪设计对于快速测量中红外发射率是有效的，但是，该设计仅提供了整个中红外光谱范围的平均发射率，而没有特定波长发射率的信息。这种缺陷只能通过使用配备有黑体的红外光谱仪来克服。总而言之，本公开的TIMEP可以用辐射计或红外光谱仪进行测试和验证，两者都可以在市场上容易地获得。
本发明TIMEP的核心功能是向用户传递中红外辐射。由于用户对TIMEP还可能有美学要求，因此通常以可见的颜色来装饰TIMEP。在这种情况下，外行，甚至是具有行业常规技能的科学家/工程师，都可能错误地将可见光发射率等同于中红外发射率，因为人类的眼睛只能看到可见的颜色，而并不能看到中红外光。因此，这样人们可能会觉得，因为用黑色装饰的TIMEP不会发出可见光，所以也不会发出中红外光。同样，外行人也可能会觉得具有不同可见颜色的TIMEP在中红外发射方面一定存在很大差异。本发明再次通过坚持对科学严谨的态度和基于证据的规范来纠正这种错误的认识。例如，在本发明的一个实施例中，测试了一种黑色聚酯耐磨布的波长色散发射率，如图2黑色聚酯织物所代表的曲线所示，这种黑色聚酯的光谱曲线与基准黑体的光谱曲线非常接近，在3μm-33μm的测量光谱范围内，总发射率为96％。一个不懂中红外相关知识的外行人可能会认为，将黑色染料换成白色染料会大大降低发射率，然而本发明表明通过选择合适的白色染料可以保留近乎完美的光谱轮廓和高发射率，如图2白色聚酯织物所代表的曲线所示。相比之下，现有技术[26]对黑色和白色聚乙烯薄片的产品性能和光谱特性的研究表明，白色薄片的性能比黑色薄片差，这是因为其在3μm-7μm的谱带发射率下降到83％。从图2的对比中可以看出，通过测量产品的波长色散发射率可以更精确地跟踪产品的中红外性能。
为了设计和验证TIMEP在将电能转换为热能并将相关的中红外光传递给用户方面的性能，对沿从辐射源到用户的路径中的辐射吸收进行彻底的光谱分析非常重要。业界缺乏此类分析和此类产品性能检测认证。例如，石墨烯地板供暖器被积极地推向市场，声称石墨烯辐射红外线容易被人体吸收。实际上，石墨烯地板供暖器的加热元件中那怕包含石墨烯，但实际加热元件都被一层对中红外辐射不透明的木质或陶瓷地板覆盖。因此，加热元件产生的中红外辐射不会透过地板材料。取而代之的是，地板通过吸收来自供暖器的辐射并通过正常的导热率从供暖器吸收热能来加热,再以空气对流与辐射散热。显然，地板仍会发出中红外辐射，但光谱特征取决于地板表面材料的性质，而不是加热元件或地板的主体。类似地，其他铺盖式供暖器也可能以塑料或布料为面料,供暖器的中红外辐射由其顶部面材的光学性质决定，而不是由供暖器内部的电热加热元件决定。例如，所有以石墨烯为电热元件、以最常见的彩棉面料包裹的穿戴式电热供暖器和地毡电热供暖器，其辐射都具有彩棉的中红外特征，而不具有石墨烯的中红外特征。由于已知棉料的中红外发射率范围为68％-88％[32-33]，因此未经表面工程处理以提高其中红外发射率的棉料对于生产电热产品而言并不是理想的选择。在另一个例子中，尽管Yue等人[34]发明了一种具顶底相反功能结构的薄膜，该薄膜也可作为电热供暖器使用，但其顶底相反功能结构中的加热面包含低发射率的纳米铜，而另一面则具有高发射率。显然，这种顶底相反功能结构设计不利于实现电转中红外供暖器的高性能。
相关文献报导在理疗方面[7-20，24]、个人热管理方面[21-24；US7642489；US10457424；US2018/0320067]和军事应用方面[US7313909]介绍了这些应用所需的发射和操作红外辐射的设备，都出现波段范围和辐射率不符合中红外规范的问题，发射器工作时发射表面温度高于46℃会导致人体皮肤可能被灼伤的风险；其中有的现有技术采用传统的红外发射器[US8975604；US9249492]，具有较大的体积与重量等缺点，不符中红外发射屏式节能供暖与中红外理疗的市场需求。
本发明全面地解决了行业中的所有这些缺陷，阐明了发射和吸收的科学定义，并且提出了壁挂式或吊顶式TIMEP的最优整体设计方案和低成本制备方法方式。
参考文献：
US Patent Documents:
Figure PCTCN2020110937-appb-000002
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发明内容
室内供暖的能耗是全球总能耗的重要组分，故此改善目前室内供暖的高能耗缺陷是当务之急。本发明在背景章节中已综述过目前室内供暖主要靠对流供暖的高能耗特征，简言之，在这种室内采暖方式下，仅有部分的能量用来为人体提供温暖舒适感，其余的能量则被用于加热许多与舒适性完全无关的物体而浪费掉。更糟糕的是，这种无差别性的加热也会导致室内湿度严重下降甚至达到有害水平。此外，传统的室内供暖依赖于功率密度和工作温度高的热源，对人体不安全。本发明的颠覆性创新点在于它协同性融汇以下几个非正统的概念去设计以产生、传输和吸收中红外辐射为核心供暖工作原理的新型供暖器来排除以上所述目前室内供暖的缺陷与不足，特别是遏制不节能的对流供暖，而中红外辐射的理疗效益更进一步开拓这新型的供暖器的应用范围并提升其市场价值：
● 本发明创新地提出热绝缘封装的中红外发射屏(简称TIMEP，即Thermally-Insulated Mid-Infrared-Emitting Panel)既可用于供暖又具有理疗效果。
● 本发明创新地提出TIMEP的设计与制备应符合发射波长为3μm-50μm的中红外波段和发射率与透射率要以用黑体校对过的中红外检测仪量化。这标准规定的重要性在于人体与人的常用衣物和床上布料都极高效地吸收中红外，而有科学证据显示人体吸收中红外有理疗效益，故量化TIMEP的中红外辐射参数和TIMEP用户及其周围物件的中红外光学参数有利于准确地以TIMEP用户温暖舒适感和理疗需求预设TIMEP铺装和运作安排，达到既节能又舒适健康的效果。
● 在一般意义上，供暖器与接收供暖者之间并不应是热绝缘的。然而，似乎违背了这一常识，本发明的TIMEP是一种热绝缘封装的供暖器。TIMEP通过高效热绝缘封装来堵截不节能的对流供暖，而又能发挥高效供暖功能是本发明的核心创新点之一。
● 本发明公开的TIMEP的热绝缘封装也是创新的技术。TIMEP的热绝缘封装包括了两种迥异的热绝缘封装方法将一块电绝缘膜包裹的电转中红外发射膜封装成TIMEP。首先，TIMEP采用一种具有三层夹空气绝热的透中红外塑料层结构的热绝缘封装技术，该结构具有层间滞留空气，以不流动的空气的极低导热性阻隔TIMEP里的热源对所有周围物体的热媒传热。与传统寒带地区房屋用三层玻璃窗减少房屋内热能外漏不同，TIMEP的窗状热绝缘结构不采用吸收中红外辐射的玻璃材料，而采用具有接近100％的中红外透射率和接近100％的中红外发射率的塑料做窗状热绝缘结构，尽量将TIMEP里的电转中红外辐射往TIMEP用户的方向输出。假设TIMEP采用玻璃或其他吸收中红外辐射的材料做窗状热绝缘结构，面向TIMEP用户的TIMEP顶面便会因吸收TIMEP里的中红外辐射而升温并以空气对流散热，这效果违背了本发明要遏制不节能的对流供暖的目的。除此之外，本发明介绍TIMEP的热绝缘封装的另一创新点是TIMEP远离TIMEP用户的底面覆盖层的热绝缘结构与功能迴异于面向用 户的顶面覆盖层的热绝缘结构和功能，底面覆盖层的热绝缘结构采用包括泡沫塑料等简单热绝缘塑料层，防止因固体传热而产生的能源损耗，还再配加中红外发射率≤10％的如铝等金属涂层，以防止因红外辐射产生的能源损耗。本发明的核心创新性之一是协同地采用这两种结构与功能都迴异的热绝缘封装技术制备TIMEP顶面与底面覆盖层。
● 相反于以红外透射率低的材料制备窗户来减少太阳红外辐射通过窗户进入房屋的工作原理，本发明的TIMEP的窗户状三层夹空气绝热的塑料层结构以中红外透射率近100％的塑料制备，可使TIMEP里的中红外辐射可高效送给TIMEP用户。
● 本发明的TIMEP的窗户状结构的塑料同时具有接近100％的中红外透射率和接近100％的中红外发射率也是创新的。高光谱透射率和高光谱发射率的结合是不寻常的。在这种非正统的组合下，窗户状三层夹空气绝热的塑料层结构不仅将TIMEP里的电转中红外发射膜辐射的中红外传输给TIMEP用户，而且还通过自身近100％的中红外发射率有效地释放自身的热能。来自窗户状三层夹空气绝热的塑料层的自身中红外辐射进一步增强了TIMEP用户接收到的中红外辐射功率密度。
● 本发明还创新地设计TIMEP可同时令其用户有暖感和理疗效益之外还有美感享受。外行人，甚至是一个在室内取暖器行业有着普通技能的人可能会感觉到黑色物体不发光，而彩色物体(如彩色TIMEP)会因装饰了不同的颜色而有损TIMEP中红外发射功能。与这种看法相反，本发明揭示了其创造性现象，即尽管本发明的TIMEP使用包括黑色、白色、红色、黄色、蓝色、绿色等无铅/铬颜色及其组合来呈现其装饰性美学效果，只要遵照本发明公开的方法，无铅/铬颜料仍能具接近100％的中红外透射率，而彩色TIMEP仍能发挥其高效供暖和理疗效果。
● 针对传统的室内供暖依赖于功率密度和工作温度都高的热源对人体的不安全性，本发明公开的TIMEP的中红外发射元件是一种低功率密度和低工作温度的电转中红外发射膜，特别是TIMEP工作电压不超36V,确保人体接触TIMEP也无漏电危险,TIMEP工作表面温度远低于46℃,保证不会对皮肤造成灼伤。此外,本发明公开以低成本(<US$700-1000/吨)低电阻率(<1Ω-cm)煤基纳米碳制备具有小于50Ω/□的低方块电阻的中红外发射膜能在具实际成本效益条件下满足这创新的安全要求,并以大概500W/m 2的低功率密度及总功率为1000W左右的TIMEP铺设和室内设计合适使用不吸收或反射中红外的家具与饰物,应付20m 2室内空间的供暖要求,提供节能一半的优秀效果。在这设计考虑中，本发明按空气的热导率(0.027W/m·K)判断，TIMEP以三个层间气隙为1.2mm的窗状三层夾空气绝热的塑料层结构，当TIMEP以500W/m 2的功率密度运作时,从电转中红外发射膜到面向用户TIMEP顶面覆盖层的理论隔热温差为67℃。在此条件下，电转中红外发射膜温度为90℃时，TIMEP面向TIMEP用户的顶面温度为23℃，哪怕TIMEP的窗状热绝缘结构的塑料层的中红外透射率只有90％而导致其吸收中红外升温和热绝缘效果下降，TIMEP面向TIMEP用户的顶面温度无论如何都远低于46℃的安全上限。换言之，本发明的TIMEP即使电转中红外发射膜在90℃时，TIMEP的表面温度对TIMEP用户来说是绝对安全的。根据普朗克定律[1]，当中红外发射率为99％的中红外发射膜在90℃工作时中红外功率密度约为95mW/cm 2，那怕这中红外发射率与TIMEP窗状热绝缘结构的中红外透射率不理想而使TIMEP只能发射95mW/cm 2的80％，TIMEP用户仍会因吸收中红外而感觉TIMEP以70℃供暖，而TIMEP顶与底面的温度却难以置信地保持在23℃左右，由此TIMEP设计的说明，可见本发明的创新性和节能效果。此外，由于在中红外理疗行业中，大多数已知的理疗方法只使用10-20mW/cm 2的中红外辐射功率密度，因此本发明的TIMEP除了提供温暖舒适外，还提供足够高的中红外辐射强度，向其用户提供已有科学确证的中红外理疗益处。又本发明公开的TIMEP可采用[PCT/CN2018/104910]的以煤或焦炭制备的低成本而有石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维和其他导电纳米碳，实施本发明的低成本制备 TIMEP的方法。
跟已公开的知识产权相比，尽管文献中已有使用红外透明封装的报导[US6038065；US9951446；US9989679，US10502879]，但它们未有明确覆盖3μm-50μm的中红外波段，并且所述红外透明封装都与热绝缘和装饰等功能无关。
此外，尽管文献中已有报导不透可见光但透红外或反射红外的材料[US9951446；US9989679；US10502879]，这些报导的概念和方法与本发明中的概念和方法无关或相反。简单地说，US9951446和参考文献21-22披露了在服装中加入染料，以便于人体热量的散失和环境红外线的反射，防止红外线反射回人体；因此，它们是人体降温的方法，而与本发明揭示的人类温暖舒适是截然相反的。US9989679揭示了在制作红外反射薄膜的红外透明材料中加入颜料的方法，目的是制作识别装置。因此，US9989679是一种红外反射方法，其概念与本发明相反。US10502879揭示了具有彩色红外透明层的系统，但此发明涉及近红外而非中红外，其中公开的彩色红外透明层用作近红外相机或其他近红外设备的封装材料,与供暖和中红外理疗无关。此外，US10502879揭示了使用等离子颗粒的在透红外基体中着色方法,但此发明的等离子体粒子成本非常高，不能实际作装饰供暖器之用。参考文献30揭示了铅基和铬基颜料用于美化低红外辐射涂料,但铅与铬的相关应用现已被禁,其公开的方法与本发明构思技术路线方向相反。参考文献31描述了彩色，近红外反射，超疏水聚合物薄膜的制备，以保持建筑物对太阳加热的冷却。所述概念和方法是与本发明的概念和方法相反。
总言之，以上发明内容可归纳为本发明提供了一种用于供暖与理疗的热绝缘封装中红外发射屏(简称TIMEP，即Thermally-Insulated Mid-Infrared-Emitting Panel)，所述TIMEP包括依次叠层设置的顶面覆盖层、第一气体热绝缘层、第一透中红外塑料热绝缘层、第二气体热绝缘层、第二透中红外塑料热绝缘层、第三气体热绝缘层、第一电绝缘层、电转中红外发射膜层、第二电绝缘层、及底面覆盖层；其中，所述顶面覆盖层面向待供暖对象，所述底面覆盖层相对于所述顶面覆盖层远离所述待供暖对象；所述顶面覆盖层与第一透中红外塑料热绝缘层、第二透中红外塑料热绝缘层的中红外透射率≥90％，所述底面覆盖层热绝缘且中红外发射率≤10％；所述电转中红外发射膜层的材料包括低成本煤基纳米碳塑料复合物；所述电转中红外发射膜层的中红外发射率≥90％；所述中红外发射屏还包括热绝缘框架、温度传感器和用于控制所述中红外发射屏的电力管理装置。
可选的是，在所述顶面覆盖层上还设置有美观的图案。
可选的是，所述第一气体热绝缘层、第二气体热绝缘层和第三气体热绝缘层的厚度≥1mm，所述第一气体热绝缘层、第二气体热绝缘层和第三气体热绝缘层中的气体包括空气。
可选的是，所述中红外的光谱波长范围为3μm-50μm波段。
可选的是，所述电转中红外发射膜层的方块电阻≤50Ω/□，膜层厚度≤200μm，中红外发射率接近100％。
可选的是，所述复合物包括纳米碳，所述纳米碳包括从煤或焦炭中获得的包括石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维中的其中一种或几种的多形貌导电纳米碳。
可选的是，所述纳米碳的生产成本≤1000美元/吨。
可选的是，所述塑料复合物，所述塑料包括热塑性聚氨酯、热塑性聚苯乙烯、热塑性聚酯、碳基橡胶、硅基橡胶、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚对亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺中的其中一种或多种；所述复合材料的中红外发射率≥90％,优选中红外发射率≥95％。
可选的是，所述顶面覆盖层的结构材料包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、阻燃聚合物其中的一种或多种，所述顶面覆盖层厚度≤100μm，中红外发射率≥90％。
可选的是，所述顶面覆盖层的结构材料还包括添加剂。
可选的是，所述第一透中红外塑料热绝缘层和第二透中红外塑料热绝缘层的材料包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、或其组合，所述第一透中红外塑料热绝缘层和第二透中红外塑料热绝缘层的中红外透射率≥95％。
可选的是，所述顶面覆盖层包括中红外透射率≥95％的聚乙烯、聚丙烯、或其组合，所述顶面覆盖层还包括中红外透射率≥90％的颜料。
可选的是，所述颜料包括无铅和无铬颜色，所述无铅和无铬颜色具体包括铝颗粒、涂层铝颗粒、二氧化钛颗粒、涂层二氧化钛颗粒、纳米碳黑、苝红、醌酞黄，铋黄、靛蓝、酞菁蓝、钴蓝、铜酞菁绿、氧化 铁橙、氧化铁棕或无铅黄83及其组合。
可选的是，所述底面覆盖层包括中红外发射率≤10％的铝涂层和热绝缘温差>50℃的塑料层。
可选的是，所述中红外发射屏用于室内供暖、中红外理疗或功能性室内设计及其组合。
本发明还提供将上述任一种所述的中红外发射屏用于室内供暖、中红外理疗或功能性室内设计及其组合的用途。
本发明还提供一种用于制备上述任一种所述的中红外发射屏的方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
(1)采用纳米碳塑料复合物制备电转中红外发射膜层：将所述复合物中的碳塑分散在有机溶剂中形成第一混合液，再将所述复合物中的纳米碳分散在上述第一混合溶液中形成第二混合液；采用标准液浆成膜工艺制备所述电转中红外发射膜层；
(2)在所述电转中红外发射膜层的上下两面分别叠置第一电绝缘层和第二电绝缘层以得到依次为第一电绝缘层、电转中红外发射膜层和第二电绝缘层的层叠结构，其中，所述电转中红外发射膜层被第一电绝缘层和第二电绝缘层包裹；
(3)在所述依次为第一电绝缘层、电转中红外发射膜层和第二电绝缘层的层叠结构的上下两面分别添加叠层，构成依次包括顶面覆盖层、第一气体热绝缘层、第一透中红外塑料热绝缘层、第二气体热绝缘层、第二透中红外塑料热绝缘层、第三气体热绝缘层、第一电绝缘层、电转中红外发射膜层、第二电绝缘层、及底面覆盖层的叠置结构，并采用框架将上述叠置结构固定即制成所述中红外发射屏。
简而言之，本发明所公开的新型TIMEP填补了技术上的空缺，参考了低成本、高性能的TIMEP的市场需求，以安全、有效和节能的方式产生温暖、舒适和中红外理疗效益，而且本发明所公开的新型彩色TIMEP还在保证这些功能性的前提下呈现悦目的美感。此外，本发明遵循在设计新颖的TIMEP的过程中强调科学清晰性和基于证据的规范的方法。
附图说明
通过参考附图会更加清楚的理解本发明的特征和优点，附图是示意性的而不应理解为对本发明进行任何限制，在附图中：
图1为不同温度下标准黑体的红外辐射能量密度分布图
图2为不同材料的红外辐射能量密度分布图
图3为本发明的用于供暖与理疗的热绝缘封装中红外发射屏(TIMEP)的结构示意图
图4为本发明的包括温控与电控的用于供暖与理疗的热绝缘封装中红外发射屏(TIMEP)的结构示意图
图5为本发明的用于供暖与理疗的热绝缘封装中红外发射屏(TIMEP)的第一实施例的结构示意图及实施效果数据表
图6为本发明的用于供暖与理疗的热绝缘封装中红外发射屏(TIMEP)的第一实施例的实物示意图和实物中红外发射效果摄像
图7为本发明的用于供暖与理疗的热绝缘封装中红外发射屏(TIMEP)的第二实施例的结构示意图及实施效果数据表
图8为本发明的用于供暖与理疗的热绝缘封装中红外发射屏(TIMEP)的第三实施例的结构示意图及实施效果数据表
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
针对背景章节指出的现有技术中的各种问题和市场需求，本发明所公开的新型TIMEP填补了技术上的空缺，参考了低成本、高性能的TIMEP的市场需求，以安全、有效和节能的方式产生温暖、舒适和中红外理疗效益。此外，本发明遵循在设计新颖的TIMEP的过程中强调科学清晰性和基于证据的规范的方法。本章节按发明内容章节的创新内容公开术发明的具体实施明细。
首先，图3显示在本发明的典型实施例中，本发明的用于供暖与理疗的热绝缘封装中红外发射屏(TIMEP)的基本结构包括从TIMEP面向用户的顶面开始的以下多层，如图3所示包括：
(a)三层中红外透明层311、312和313安装在热绝缘框架中，相邻两层中红外透明层之间的夹层间填空气，即在中红外透明层311和312之间的夹层以及在中红外透明层312和313的夹层分别填空气；在一些具体的实施例中，在中红外透明层313和电绝缘层32之间的夹层中同样填充有空气。在中红外透明层311中和/或之上可具有中红外透明的无铅/铬可见色彩；
(b)电绝缘层32；
(c)以煤基纳米碳为填料，中红外发射率接近100％的高导电性电热塑料复合电转中红外发射膜33；
(d)电绝缘层34；
(e)超薄闪亮金属层35，中红外发射率接近0；
(f)热绝缘聚合物泡沫层36。
在本发明的一些实施例中，热绝缘框架包括类似画框的两端均开口的框架，所述框架用来安装和固定中红外透明层311、312和313。在一个具体的实施例中，所述框架还用来安装和固定电绝缘层32、电转中红外发射膜33、电绝缘层34、超薄闪亮金属层35和热绝缘泡沫塑料层36。在一些具体的实施例中，所述框架还用来隐藏、安装和固定温控器37、电控器38、电极和供电线。
在本发明的一些实施例中，图3中的三个中红外透明层311-313中的每一个都包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯或其他对中红外透明的聚合物，以及它们的组合。其中，中红外透明层311面向待供暖对象，而热绝缘泡沫塑料层36相对于中红外透明层311远离所述待供暖对象。
在本发明的一些实施例中，中红外透明层311可作为顶面覆盖层，所述中红外透明层311可由聚乙烯、聚丙烯或其他对中红外透明的聚合物制成。在所述中红外透明层311面对待供暖对象的表面上还可以包括中红外透明的无铅/铬可见颜色，所述无铅/铬可见颜色包括无铅和无铬颜色，其中，所述无铅和无铬颜色包括铝颗粒、涂层铝颗粒、二氧化钛颗粒、涂层二氧化钛颗粒、纳米碳黑、苝红、醌酞黄，铋黄、靛蓝、酞菁蓝、钴蓝、铜酞菁绿、氧化铁橙、氧化铁棕或无铅黄83及其组合。
在本发明的一些实施例中，如图3所示，电绝缘层32和34包括热塑性聚氨酯，热塑性聚酯，碳基橡胶，硅酮基橡胶或聚丙烯及其组合。
在本发明的一些实施例中，如图3所示，高导电性聚合物复合电转中红外发射膜34中的聚合物包括热塑性聚氨酯、热塑性聚苯乙烯、热塑性聚酯、碳基橡胶、硅基橡胶、聚丙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚对亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺及其组合。电转中红外发射膜34的方块电阻≤50Ω/□，膜层厚度≤200μm，中红外发射率接近100％。在一个具体的实施例中，电转中红外发射膜34的中红外发射率≥90％，优选≥95％。所述复合材料中的纳米碳包括从煤或焦炭中获得的包括石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维中的其中一种或几种的多形貌导电纳米碳。在一个具体的实施例中，纳米碳由电阻率低于1Ω·cm的煤基纳米碳组成，其生产成本至少比石墨烯低50倍；具体地，其优选生产成本≤1000美元/吨，更优选生产成本≤700美元/吨。WO2020051755中公开的方法适合于生产本发明中的煤基纳米碳。在一些实施例中，炭黑被进一步石墨化至电阻率低于1Ω·cm，并用于制造本发明中的TIMEP。
在本发明的一些实施例中，如图3所示，具有接近0的中红外发射率的超薄闪亮金属层35包括铝、铝合金、铜、铜合金、铬、锆合金的富金属氧碳氮化物及其组合。
在本发明的一些实施例中，如图3所示，热绝缘层36包括热塑性聚氨酯，热塑性聚酯，碳基橡胶，硅酮基橡胶或聚丙烯及其组合的泡沫片。
图4为本发明的用于供暖与理疗的TIMEP的结构示意图；图3与图4的TIMEP的结构示意图唯一不同的是所述TIMEP还增加了温度传感器37和包括控制电路和电源在内的电力管理组件38，以制备功能性和可操作的TIMEP，所有部分都用热绝缘框架封装。其余部件与第一实施例相同，在此不予赘述。
图5为本发明的用于供暖与理疗的TIMEP的第一实施例的结构示意图；图5与图4唯一不同的是图5的TIMEP的既热绝缘又透中红外的311，312和313层都实际采用红外透射率约95％的聚乙烯。图5还列出第三实施例的效果数据表。
图6为本发明的用于供暖与理疗的TIMEP的第一实施例的实物示意图和实物中红外发射效果摄像。
图7为本发明的用于供暖与理疗的TIMEP的第二实施例的结构示意图及实施效果数据表；图8为本 发明的用于供暖与理疗的TIMEP的第三实施例的结构示意图及实施效果数据表。其中，第二与第三实施例的整体结构均与第一实施例相同，唯一不同的仅在于三个中红外透明层311-313的材料不同。具体地，在第一实施例中，三个中红外透明层311-313的材料包括聚乙烯；在第二实施例中，三个中红外透明层311-313的材料包括聚丙烯；在第三实施例中，三个中红外透明层311-313的材料包括聚氯乙烯。
在本发明的一些实施例中，本发明所述的TIMEP的制备方法包括：
(1)采用纳米碳塑料复合物制备电转中红外发射膜层：将所述复合物中的塑料分散在有机溶剂中形成第一混合液，再将所述复合物中的纳米碳分散在上述第一混合溶液中形成第二混合液；采用标准液浆成膜工艺制备所述电转中红外发射膜层；
(2)在所述电转中红外发射膜层的上下两面分别叠置第一电绝缘层和第二电绝缘层以得到依次为第一电绝缘层、电转中红外发射膜层和第二电绝缘层的层叠结构，其中，所述电转中红外发射膜层被第一电绝缘层和第二电绝缘层包裹；
(3)在所述依次为第一电绝缘层、电转中红外发射膜层和第二电绝缘层的层叠结构的上下两面分别添加叠层,构成包括顶面覆盖层、第一气体热绝缘层、第一透中红外塑料热绝缘层、第二气体热绝缘层、第二透中红外塑料热绝缘层、第三气体热绝缘层、第一电绝缘层、电转中红外发射膜层、第二电绝缘层、及底面覆盖层的TIMEP叠置结构。
按以上在本发明的一些实施例中描述的TIMEP设计与制备方法制成的TIMEP，在一些具体使用实施例中的功能如下：
1.TIMEP的核心元件是一种包含低成本纳米碳塑料复合物的电转中红外发射膜，该膜具有小于50Ω/□的低方块电阻，适合TIMEP发挥其优秀功能,保障人体接触TIMEP也无漏电危险。
2.TIMEP在安全的电压低于36V供电条件下运作，以大概500W/m 2的低功率密度及总功率为1000W左右的TIMEP铺设和室内设计合适使用不吸收或反射中红外的家具与装饰物,一个20m 2室内空间会因中红外辐射有TIMEP的供应和被室内物件反射而均匀分布于室内，室内空气温度可保持在18℃以下，TIMEP用户仍因吸收中红外辐射而产生暖感，获得类似室内空气温度为25℃的舒适暖感，而室内众多物件因中红外辐射吸收率低而保持在18℃左右。相比一般巿场上供暖器的规格每20m 2室内空间的供暖要2000W，本发明公开的TIMEP可提供节能约为50％的优秀效果。在这设计考虑中，本发明估算和实际测出TIMEP在500W/m 2的低功率密度工作条件下，室内空气温度为18℃时电转中红外发射膜实际温度确可维持在90℃以上，在这状态下，TIMEP电控器可按TIMEP用户实际供暖要求把这温度下调低于90℃。按空气的热导率为0.027W/m·K来估算判断，TIMEP以三个层间气隙为1.2mm的窗状三层夾空气绝热的塑料层结构，当TIMEP以500W/m 2的功率密度运作时,从电转中红外发射膜到面向用户包围层的窗表面的理论隔热温差从以下公式(500W/m 2/0.027W/m·K)*((3*1.2mm)*1m/1000mm)确定为67℃。在此条件下，当电转中红外发射膜温度为90℃时，TIMEP面向TIMEP用户的顶面温度为23℃，那怕TIMEP的窗状热绝缘结构的塑料层的中红外透射率只有90％而导致其吸收中红外升温和热绝缘效果下降，TIMEP面向TIMEP用户的顶面温度无论如何都远低于46℃的安全上限。换言之，本发明的TIMEP即使电转中红外发射膜在90℃时，TIMEP的表面温度对TIMEP用户来说是绝对安全的。
3.根据普朗克定律[1]，当中红外发射率为99％的中红外发射膜在90℃工作时中红外功率密度约为95mW/cm 2，那怕这中红外发射率与TIMEP窗状热绝缘结构的中红外透射率不理想而使TIMEP只能发射95mW/cm 2的80％，即76mW/cm 2,折合黑体温度为70℃,故TIMEP用户仍会因吸收中红外而感觉TIMEP以70℃供暖，而TIMEP顶与底面的温度却奇异地保持所23℃，由此TIMEP设计的说明，可见本发明的创新性和节能效果。
4.此外，由于在中红外理疗行业中，大多数已知的理疗方法只使用10-20mW/cm 2的中红外辐射功率密度，因此本发明的TIMEP除了提供温暖舒适外，还提供足够高的中红外辐射强度，向其用户提供已有科学确证的中红外理疗益处。
5.又本发明公开的TIMEP可采用[PCT/CN2018/104910]的以煤或焦炭制备的低成本而有石墨烯、碳纳米 管、碳纳米纤维和其他导电纳米碳，估算成本低于US$700-1000/吨,而电阻率低于1Ω-cm,以此制成的煤基纳米碳塑料复合物中红外发射膜具有小于50Ω/□的低方块电阻,适合用于制备本发明公开的TIMEP,并在具实际成本效益条件下实施本发明的创新。
总言之，本发明涉及一种用于供暖与理疗的热绝缘封装中红外发射屏(简称TIMEP)及其制备方法。本发明涉及TIMEP的创新性设计，制备方法和测试/验证，其可应用于使用户产生温暖舒适感，并且具有方便且安全的中红外理疗效果。其次，由于人体在该中红外波段中的发射类似基准黑体，因此本发明采用使用基准黑体作为光谱参照标准并且使用覆盖整个中红外带或至少3μm-25μm的普通红外光谱仪来测试和验证本发明TIMEP的光谱特性。在这种情况下，3μm-25μm波段的测量结果非常接近整个中红外波段的测量结果，因为在TIMEP典型的工作温度在普通室内温度至TIMEP工作温度上限的90℃范围内，来自3μm-25μm波段黑体的总辐射已经达到整个中红外波段的85％。为了测试和验证TIMEP，本发明揭示了使用普通红外光谱仪测量TIMEP发射的中红外波长色散强度的实用方法，以及用普通中红外发射仪测量TIMEP发射的中红外积分强度的实用方法，两种方法均以基准黑体作为中红外辐射参考。
实施例
下面详细阐述一些具体的实施例。需要说明的是，以下内容只是在本发明原则的适用情况的例证或说明。在不背离现有原则和范围的前提下，我们可以做很多修改，用其他成分、方法和系统进行代替。附加要求包含了这些修改和方案。因此，尽管在上文中已详细描述了本发明，但是下面的示例提供了目前被认为是最可行方案的进一步细节。
第一实施例
窗状三层聚乙烯结构TIMEP的制备方法与性能验证
在本发明的这个优选实施例中，生产出了高性能的TIMEP。首先，以导电性高的煤基纳米碳为油墨，采用标准的薄膜浇铸工艺，制备了纳米碳复合物中红外发射膜。所得薄膜的方块电阻为26±2Ω/□且厚度为80±2μm，并制备了电阻为8Ω、尺寸为250cm 2的电热薄膜。在35V的外加电压下，TIMEP的额定功率分别为150W和0.60W/cm 2。窗状三层中红外透明层结构由三层聚乙烯组成，这些层与电转中红外发射膜的附属层之间的气隙为1.2mm。面向用户的顶层由彩色聚乙烯组成，中红外透射率接近100％，中红外发射率接近100％。TIMEP的结构如图5所示。
在实际于135W下操作时，本实施例中的TIMEP具有90℃的电转中红外发射膜温度，并且暴露于18℃室内环境中的TIMEP面向供暖的表面的温度为26℃。如图5的实施效果数据表所示，以校准的热电偶在电转中红外发射膜测得的温度为90℃，以校准的热电偶在顶覆盖层表面测得的温度是26℃，以校准的中红外辐射强度检测仪在离顶覆盖层50厘米处正对TIMEP条件下测定TIMEP中红外辐射强度的黑体温度当量是74℃。在TIMEP外接收到的中红外辐射温度当量(74℃)比实际电转中红外发射膜温度(90℃)低的原因是电绝缘封装的电转中红外发射膜红外发射率与三层夹空气绝热的透中红外塑料层结构的中红外透射率都并非100％，估算实际的中红外辐射传输效率为83％。在本实施例中，TIMEP里的电绝缘封装的电转中红外发射膜顶面发射率约为99％，三层夹空气绝热的透中红外塑料层结构的中红外透射率约为95％，三层结构的顶覆盖层聚乙烯涂颜料后中红外透射率降为约93％。在本实施例中，以校准的热电偶在TIMEP的底覆盖层表面测得的温度是23℃，以校准的中红外辐射强度检测仪在离底覆盖层50厘米处正对TIMEP条件下测定TIMEP底覆盖中红外发射率为10％。
图6显示本实施例中TIMEP实物照片和中红外摄像，实物中红外发射面积250cm 2(长100cm,阔25cm),在130W供电下中红外摄像仪显示平均黑体温度当量为74℃。图5的实施效果数据表显示，以校准的热电偶在电转中红外发射膜测得的温度为90℃，以校准的热电偶在顶覆盖层表面测得的温度是26℃，室内温度为18℃。结果证明本实施例中TIMEP既美观又节能的效果下能放射充够辐射强度的中红外电磁波，提供中红外供暖和中红外理疗功能。
第二实施例
窗状三层聚丙烯层结构TIMEP的制备方法与性能验证
在本发明的这个优选实施例中，产生了较高性能的TIMEP。首先，以导电性高的煤基纳米碳为油墨， 采用标准的薄膜浇铸工艺，制备了纳米碳复合物中红外发射膜。所得薄膜的方块电阻为26±2Ω/□且厚度为80±2μm，并制备了电阻为8Ω、尺寸为250cm 2的电热薄膜。在35V的外加电压下，TIMEP的额定功率分别为150W和0.60W/cm 2。窗状三层中红外透明层结构由三层聚丙烯组成，这些层与电转中红外发射膜的附属层之间的气隙为1.2mm。面向用户的顶层由彩色聚丙烯组成，实物图案如图6所示，本实施例中的TIMEP的结构如图7所示。
图7还显示在150W下操作时，本实施例中的TIMEP的实施效果数据表：以校准的热电偶在电转中红外发射膜测得的温度为90℃，以校准的热电偶在顶覆盖层表面测得的温度是29℃，以校准的中红外辐射强度检测仪在离顶覆盖层50厘米处正对TIMEP条件下测定TIMEP中红外辐射强度的黑体温度当量是42℃。在TIMEP外接收到的中红外辐射温度当量(42℃)比实际电转中红外发射膜温度(90℃)低的原因是电绝缘封装的电转中红外发射膜红外发射率与三层夹空气绝热的聚丙烯层结构的中红外透射率都并非100％，估算实际的中红外辐射传输效率为56％。在本实施例中，TIMEP里的电绝缘封装的电转中红外发射膜顶面发射率约为99％，三层夹空气绝热的聚丙烯层结构的中红外透射率约为85％，三层结构的顶覆盖层聚丙烯涂颜料后中红外透射率降为约83％。在本实施例中，以校准的热电偶在TIMEP的底覆盖层表面测得的温度是23℃，以校准的中红外辐射强度检测仪在离底覆盖层50厘米处正对TIMEP条件下测定TIMEP底覆盖中红外发射率为10％。
结果证明本实施例中TIMEP既美观又节能的效果下能放射充够辐射强度的中红外电磁波，提供中红外供暖和中红外理疗功能。因聚丙烯的中红外透射率比聚乙烯稍低，在TIMEP工作时聚丙烯吸收部份中红外发射膜的辐射而升温，三层夹空气绝热的聚丙烯层结构的热绝缘性比第一实施例差，能耗由第一实施例的135W升到150W才能维持电转中红外发射膜在90℃工作，而且实际的中红外辐射传输效率只有56％。
第三实施例
窗状三层聚氯乙烯结构TIMEP的制备方法与性能验证
首先，以导电性高的煤基纳米碳为油墨，采用标准的薄膜浇铸工艺，制备了纳米碳复合物中红外发射膜。所得薄膜的方块电阻为26±2Ω/□且厚度为80±2μm，并制备了电阻为8Ω、尺寸为250cm 2的电热薄膜。在35V的外加电压下，TIMEP的额定功率分别为150W和0.60W/cm 2。因在市场上最流行的电热地板垫中，通常以聚氯乙烯封装和保护电绝缘膜包覆的电热器，故本实施例中的TIMEP的窗状三层中红外透明层结构改由三层聚氯乙烯组成，其中面向用户的顶层由彩色聚氯乙烯组成，实物图案如图6所示，本实施例中的TIMEP的结构如图8所示。
图8还显示在180W下操作时，本实施例中的TIMEP的实施效果数据表：以校准的热电偶在电转中红外发射膜测得的温度为90℃，以校准的热电偶在顶覆盖层表面测得的温度是40℃，以校准的中红外辐射强度检测仪在离顶覆盖层50厘米处正对TIMEP条件下测定TIMEP中红外辐射强度的黑体温度当量是35℃。在TIMEP外接收到的中红外辐射温度当量(35℃)远低于实际发热膜温度(90℃)的原因是三层夹空气绝热的聚氯乙烯层结构基本上不透中红外辐射，聚氯乙烯吸收辐射后升温而热能又以自身红外辐射及空气对聚氯乙烯流外漏。
结果证明本实施例中TIMEP的总中红外发射效率极低，主因是聚氯乙烯中红外透射率极低，不利于电转中红外发射膜的辐射向TIMEP外传送，三层夹空气绝热的聚氯乙烯层结构的热绝缘性又阻堵其他热传输途径。在这工作状态下，TIMEP顶覆盖面的聚氯乙烯靠吸收TIMEP层中红外辐射升温到40℃后主靠空气对流散热，其黑体辐射温度当量35℃显示聚氯乙烯具吸收中红外和中红外发射率偏低特征，与实验测得红外吸收光谱特征吻合。总言之，本实施例中用聚氯乙烯封装的TIMEP既是个低效中红外发射器，也是个高耗能和低效率的供暖器。由此可推论，市场上用聚氯乙烯封装的电热地垫等电热器都既是低效中红外发射器，也是高耗能和低效率的供暖器。
无需进一步详细说明，相信本领域技术人员可以使用本文描述最大程度地利用本发明。这里所描述的实施例应被解释为说明性的，而不是以任何方式限制本发明的其余部分。虽然已经示出和描述了实施例，但是本领域技术人员可以在不脱离本发明的精神和教导的情况下对其进行许多变化和修改。因此，保护范围不受上述说明的限制，而是仅受专利要求的限制，包括专利要求主题的所有等同物。本文引用的所有专利、专利申请和出版物的发明内容在此引入作为参考，只要它们提供与本文所述内容一致和补充的程序或其他细节。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种用于供暖与理疗的热绝缘封装中红外发射屏，其特征在于，所述中红外发射屏包括依次叠层设置的顶面覆盖层、第一气体热绝缘层、第一透中红外塑料热绝缘层、第二气体热绝缘层、第二透中红外塑料热绝缘层、第三气体热绝缘层、第一电绝缘层、电转中红外发射膜层、第二电绝缘层、及底面覆盖层；其中，所述顶面覆盖层面向待供暖对象，所述底面覆盖层相对于所述顶面覆盖层远离所述待供暖对象；
    所述顶面覆盖层与第一透中红外塑料热绝缘层、第二透中红外塑料热绝缘层的中红外透射率≥90％，所述底面覆盖层热绝缘且中红外发射率≤10％；
    所述电转中红外发射膜层的材料包括低成本煤基纳米碳塑料复合物；所述电转中红外发射膜层的中红外发射率≥90％；
    所述中红外发射屏还包括热绝缘框架、温度传感器和用于控制所述中红外发射屏的电力管理装置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的中红外发射屏，其特征在于，所述中红外的光谱波长范围为3-50μm波段。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的中红外发射屏，其特征在于，所述顶面覆盖层的结构材料包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、阻燃材料其中的一种或多种，所述顶面覆盖层厚度≤100μm，和所述顶面覆盖层中红外发射率≥90％。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的中红外发射屏，其特征在于，所述顶面覆盖层还包括中红外透射率≥90％的颜料和添加剂。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的中红外发射屏，其特征在于，所述颜料包括无铅和无铬颜色，所述无铅和无铬颜色具体包括铝颗粒、涂层铝颗粒、二氧化钛颗粒、涂层二氧化钛颗粒、纳米碳黑、苝红、醌酞黄，铋黄、靛蓝、酞菁蓝、钴蓝、铜酞菁绿、氧化铁橙、氧化铁棕或无铅黄83及其组合。
  6. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的中红外发射屏，其特征在于，所述第一气体热绝缘层、第二气体热绝缘层和第三气体热绝缘层的厚度≥1mm，所述第一气体热绝缘层、第二气体热绝缘层和第三气体热绝缘层中的气体包括空气。
  7. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的中红外发射屏，其特征在于，所述第一透中红外塑料热绝缘层和第二透中红外塑料热绝缘层的材料包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、阻燃材料其中的一种或多种，所述第一透中红外塑料热绝缘层和第二透中红外塑料热绝缘层的中红外透射率≥95％。
  8. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的中红外发射屏，其特征在于，所述电转中红外发射膜层的方块电阻≤50Ω/□，膜层厚度≤200μm，中红外发射率接近100％。
  9. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的中红外发射屏，其特征在于，所述复合物包括纳米碳和塑料，所述纳米碳包括从煤或焦炭中获得的包括石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维中的其中一种或几种的多形貌导电纳米碳，所述塑料包括热塑性聚氨酯、热塑性聚苯乙烯、热塑性聚酯、碳基橡胶、硅基橡胶、聚丙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚对亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺中的其中一种或多种；所述复合物的中红外发射率≥90％。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的中红外发射屏，其特征在于，所述复合物的中红外发射率≥95％。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的中红外发射屏，其特征在于，所述纳米碳的生产成本≤1000美元/吨。
  12. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的中红外发射屏，其特征在于，所述底面覆盖层包括中红外发射率≤10％的铝涂层和热绝缘温差>50℃的塑料层。
  13. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的中红外发射屏，其特征在于，所述电转中红外发射膜层的中红外发射率≥95％。
  14. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的中红外发射屏，其特征在于，所述中红外发射屏用于室内供暖、中红外理疗或功能性室内设计及其组合。
  15. 一种用于制备权利要求1-14任一项所述的中红外发射屏的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：
    (1)采用纳米碳塑料复合物制备电转中红外发射膜层：将所述复合物中的塑料分散在有机溶剂中形成第一混合液，再将所述复合物中的纳米碳分散在上述第一混合液中形成第二混合液；采用标准液浆成膜工艺制备所述电转中红外发射膜层；
    (2)在所述电转中红外发射膜层的上下两面分别叠置第一电绝缘层和第二电绝缘层以得到依次为第一电绝缘层、电转中红外发射膜层和第二电绝缘层的层叠结构，其中，所述电转中红外发射膜层被第一电绝缘层和第二电绝缘层包裹；
    (3)在所述依次为第一电绝缘层、电转中红外发射膜层和第二电绝缘层的层叠结构的上下两面分别添加叠层，构成依次包括顶面覆盖层、第一气体热绝缘层、第一透中红外塑料热绝缘层、第二气体热绝缘层、第二透中红外塑料热绝缘层、第三气体热绝缘层、第一电绝缘层、电转中红外发射膜层、第二电绝缘层、及底面覆盖层的叠置结构，并采用框架将上述叠置结构固定即制成所述中红外发射屏。
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