WO2022032928A1 - 一种冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生方法及系统 Download PDF

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WO2022032928A1
WO2022032928A1 PCT/CN2020/131093 CN2020131093W WO2022032928A1 WO 2022032928 A1 WO2022032928 A1 WO 2022032928A1 CN 2020131093 W CN2020131093 W CN 2020131093W WO 2022032928 A1 WO2022032928 A1 WO 2022032928A1
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frequency
sideband
laser
light
electro
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PCT/CN2020/131093
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French (fr)
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杨俊�
王国超
朱凌晓
颜树华
郭熙业
王亚宁
贾爱爱
吕梦洁
徐东洋
张旭
章欢开
喻晓
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国防科技大学
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/30—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
    • H01S3/302—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects in an optical fibre
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
    • G01C19/58—Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
    • G01C19/58—Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
    • G01C19/64—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams
    • G01C19/66—Ring laser gyrometers
    • G01C19/661—Ring laser gyrometers details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
    • H01S3/0085—Modulating the output, i.e. the laser beam is modulated outside the laser cavity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
    • H01S3/0092—Nonlinear frequency conversion, e.g. second harmonic generation [SHG] or sum- or difference-frequency generation outside the laser cavity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/10007—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
    • H01S3/108—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering
    • H01S3/1086—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering using scattering effects, e.g. Raman or Brillouin effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
    • H01S3/108—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering
    • H01S3/109—Frequency multiplication, e.g. harmonic generation

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a method and system for generating single-sideband Raman light of cold atom interference phase modulation type.
  • the atomic interferometer can be constructed for precise measurement of physical quantities by using the interference properties of atomic matter waves.
  • the atomic interferometer has extremely high measurement accuracy and sensitivity, and has better coherence in space and velocity distribution. It has been widely used in the measurement of high-precision rotational angular velocity, gravitational acceleration and gravitational gradient, as well as fine structure constants, equivalent Principles, gravitational waves, general relativity and other basic physics research.
  • the prepared Raman light needs to be used to conduct beam splitting, inversion and beam combining interference operations on the atoms.
  • the performance of the Raman light directly determines the accuracy of the atomic interferometry. Sensitivity, reliability and integration of atomic interferometers.
  • the 780nm laser is generally directly used as the seed light source for various manipulation light required for the interference of rubidium atoms, but the development of 780nm optical devices is not mature enough, the device has low threshold energy and is easily damaged, and the device is expensive; 1560nm laser is used as the seed source, 1560nm
  • the band is in the communication band, and the device technology has high maturity, low price and high integration.
  • the optical phase-locking synthesis method is based on the optical coherent phase-locking technology.
  • the optical frequency-shift synthesis method is After the fundamental frequency laser is frequency-shifted several times through the acousto-optic frequency shifter, the Raman light is obtained by spatial beam synthesis with the original beam.
  • the electro-optical phase modulation method uses a laser to generate a mixed coherent light of zero-order and sidebands with equal frequency interval, the same polarization and adjustable light intensity through an electro-optical phase modulator, and the zero-order and +1-order sidebands are used as Raman light, thereby Achieve high coherence and low phase noise requirements for Raman light.
  • the advantages of the electro-optic phase modulation method are not only simple system structure, easy integration, high technology maturity, all-fiber, high efficiency, but also the generated Raman light has the same polarization, optical coherence and natural low noise. It is the Raman light generation method with the most engineering practical value at present.
  • the current electro-optic phase modulation method also has defects and deficiencies.
  • the resonant cavity filtering method uses the FP cavity to filter the electro-optically modulated laser.
  • the carrier can be filtered out, and the order sidebands can be regarded as a pair of Raman lights.
  • this method has a complex structure and cannot be integrated into In the optical fiber device, and the light intensity of the ⁇ 1st order sidebands is the same, the Raman light power ratio cannot be adjusted, and it is basically difficult to apply to atomic interference experiments.
  • the calcite crystal polarization modulation method is to input the output light of the phase modulator into the calcite crystal and pass through the crystal multiple times by reflection, so that the carrier and sidebands have different polarization changes, that is, the -1 order sideband has vertical linear polarization, and the +1 side
  • the band has horizontal linear polarization, while the carrier has circular polarization, and the beam passes through the horizontal polarizer, leaving only the carrier and +1 sidebands.
  • This method has high requirements for light collimated incidence, needs to pass through the calcite crystal for many times, the structure is complex, the environmental conditions are harsh, and the coupling efficiency is low.
  • a cold atom interference phase modulation type single sideband Raman light generation method and system are provided.
  • a cold atom interference phase modulation type single-sideband Raman light generation system comprising a laser, an electro-optic modulator, a local oscillator source, a narrow bandwidth fiber filter, a fiber amplifier and a frequency doubling crystal;
  • the laser is sequentially input to a fiber amplifier and a frequency-doubling crystal to output single-sideband Raman light.
  • a cold atom interference phase modulation type single-sideband Raman light generation method comprising:
  • Raman sideband generation The laser generates a laser with a frequency of ⁇ and is input to the electro-optical modulator as a laser source.
  • the local oscillator source applies a modulation voltage with a frequency of ⁇ to the electro-optical modulator, and the electro-optical modulator outputs a bilateral frequency of ⁇ n ⁇ .
  • Unnecessary sideband filtering input the double-sideband frequency-modulated light output by the electro-optical modulator into a narrow-bandwidth fiber filter matched with the target frequency light, filter out the remaining sideband light except the target frequency light matching, and output the target frequency laser;
  • Frequency doubling the target frequency laser is first amplified by a fiber amplifier and then frequency-doubling by a frequency-doubling crystal, and the output light after frequency doubling is the single-sideband Raman light.
  • 1 is a frequency domain model of electro-optic phase modulated light in accordance with one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a narrow bandwidth optical fiber filter according to one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a narrow bandwidth fiber filter spectrum in accordance with one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of a cold atom interference single sideband Raman light generation system in accordance with one or more embodiments.
  • the modulator applies a modulation signal with a frequency of ⁇ , and the corresponding modulation frequency of the electro-optical modulator is ⁇ , and the modulation depth is ⁇ .
  • the frequency-modulated light of modulated light can be expressed as:
  • E 0 is the electric field intensity amplitude after passing through the electro-optic phase modulator
  • J 0 ( ⁇ ) is the 0th order Bessel function
  • J n ( ⁇ ) is the nth order Bessel function
  • t is the time.
  • Figure 1 shows the frequency domain model of electro-optic phase modulated light.
  • a series of output lights To generate Raman light, only the carrier (frequency is ⁇ ) and the positive first-order sideband (frequency is ⁇ + ⁇ ) of the frequency-modulated light are needed, and the excess Raman laser sidebands make the atoms undergo Raman transitions and thus generate Raman sidebands Therefore, it is necessary to input the frequency modulated light output by the electro-optic modulator into a narrow bandwidth fiber filter for optical filtering.
  • the narrow bandwidth fiber filter is an important device in the present invention. It is a grating with periodic distribution of spatial phase formed in the fiber core. The essence of its function is to form a narrowband (transmission or reflection) filter in the fiber core. or reflector.
  • the structure of the narrow bandwidth fiber filter is shown in Figure 2, and its structure includes an optical circulator, a grating, an input end, a reflection output end and a transmission output end.
  • the optical circulator is respectively connected with the input end, the transmission output end and the reflection output end, and the grating is arranged between the optical circulator and the transmission output end.
  • the optical circulator is a multi-port non-reciprocal optical device, and incident light can only propagate in one direction within the optical circulator.
  • the optical circulator includes an input port, a reflection output port, and a transmission output port, and the transmission output port is connected to the transmission output port through the grating.
  • the grating is a fiber Bragg grating (abbreviated as FBG).
  • FBG fiber Bragg grating
  • the grating includes countless reflection points that can reflect specific wavelengths, and can output the target signal by precisely matching the distance between the two reflection points.
  • the double-sideband frequency-modulated light enters the optical circulator from the input port through the incident end, the light wave signal that does not meet the Bragg condition is transmitted through the fiber Bragg grating, and is output from the transmission output end; the light wave signal that meets the Bragg condition is transmitted by the fiber Bragg grating. Reflect, output from the reflection output port to obtain the target frequency laser.
  • the main parameters of the narrow bandwidth fiber filter are: initial refractive index n, photorefractive index perturbation value ⁇ n, grating pitch ⁇ , and grating region length L.
  • FIG. 3 is a transmission and reflection curve diagram of a spectral schematic diagram of a narrow bandwidth optical fiber filter, the solid line in the figure is the reflection curve of the narrow bandwidth optical fiber filter, and the dotted line is the transmission curve of the narrow bandwidth optical fiber filter.
  • the wavelength range is The laser inside is almost completely reflected by the FBG, and basically not reflected at other wavelengths, where ⁇ is the center wavelength of the FBG reflection, and ⁇ is the full width at half maximum of the reflection curve, that is, the corresponding curve bandwidth when the loss is -3dB.
  • the 0th-order sideband and +1st-order sideband in the electro-optic modulator that is, Raman 1 and Raman 2
  • the remaining sides can be placed in the center of the reflection spectrum. Bands are filtered out.
  • the FBG reflection center wavelength ⁇ is determined by the grating pitch ⁇ , and the relationship between the two is:
  • the laser with frequencies of ⁇ and ⁇ + ⁇ is obtained.
  • it is input to the fiber amplifier EDFA for amplification, and then frequency doubled by the frequency doubling crystal PPLN, and the frequency is 2 ⁇ , 2 ⁇ + ⁇ , 2
  • the output light of ( ⁇ + ⁇ ), a pair of lasers with a frequency of 2 ⁇ and 2 ⁇ + ⁇ , is the single-sideband Raman light required in the cold atom interference process. Because the sideband light with a frequency of 2 ⁇ +2 ⁇ and the light with a frequency of 2 ⁇ + ⁇ can also form a pair of parallel Raman lights, but due to the large frequency detuning, the light parameters such as the intensity of the Raman pulse are reasonably selected. Its influence can be basically eliminated and can be ignored
  • a cold atom interference phase modulation type single-sideband Raman light generation system includes a laser, an electro-optic modulator, a local oscillator source, a narrow bandwidth fiber filter, a fiber amplifier and a frequency doubling crystal;
  • the target frequency laser includes carrier light with frequency ⁇ and positive first-order sideband light with frequency ⁇ + ⁇ ;
  • the single-sideband Raman light includes light with frequencies of 2 ⁇ and 2 ⁇ + ⁇ .
  • the frequency of the laser is locked to a highly stable optical frequency reference through a frequency locking module.
  • the narrow bandwidth fiber filter includes an optical circulator, a grating, an input end, a reflection output end and a transmission output end, the optical circulator is respectively connected with the input end, the transmission output end and the reflection output end, and the grating is arranged on the optical between the circulator and the transmission output.
  • the optical circulator is a multi-port non-reciprocal optical device, and the incident light can only propagate in one direction in one direction in the optical circulator.
  • the optical circulator includes an input port, a reflection output port, and a transmission output port, and the transmission output port is connected to the transmission output port through the grating.
  • the grating is a fiber Bragg grating.
  • the grating includes countless reflection points that can reflect specific wavelengths, and can output the target signal by precisely matching the distance between the two reflection points.
  • the double-sideband frequency-modulated light enters the optical circulator from the input port through the incident end, the light wave signal that does not meet the Bragg condition is transmitted through the fiber Bragg grating, and is output from the transmission output end; the light wave signal that meets the Bragg condition is transmitted by the fiber Bragg grating. Reflect, output from the reflection output port to obtain the target frequency laser.
  • the method for generating single-sideband Raman light using the above-mentioned cold-atom interference phase modulation single-sideband Raman light generating system includes three steps of generating Raman sidebands, filtering unnecessary sidebands, and frequency doubling.
  • the double-sideband frequency-modulated light output by the electro-optical modulator is input into a narrow-bandwidth optical fiber filter matched with the target frequency light, and the rest of the sideband light except the carrier light and the positive first-order sideband light are filtered out.
  • the narrow bandwidth The output light of the fiber filter is the target frequency laser.
  • the target frequency laser is firstly amplified by a fiber amplifier, and then frequency-doubled by a frequency-doubling crystal, and the output light after frequency-doubling is the single-sideband Raman light.
  • the present invention takes a rubidium element cold atom interferometer as an example, and adopts a laser with a frequency-locked wavelength accurate value of 1560.500 nm as a laser source. Since the required Raman light interval is 6.834GHz, a sine wave signal with a frequency of 6.834GHz (corresponding to a wavelength of 55pm) is applied to the electro-optic phase modulator to obtain a series of output lights with a carrier wavelength of 1560.500nm and a wavelength interval of 55pm. Set the center wavelength of the narrow-bandwidth fiber filter to 1560.470nm and the bandwidth to 80pm. After passing through the narrow-bandwidth fiber filter, only the carrier and +1-order sidebands remain. The corresponding wavelengths are 1560.500nm and 1560.445nm. After frequency doubling, 780.250nm, 780.236 nm target output Raman light.
  • the method of the invention cleverly utilizes the characteristics of the different reflectivity of the narrow bandwidth fiber filter for different wavelengths of light, and eliminates the unnecessary sideband generated by the electro-optical modulator. Compared with other methods for eliminating the sideband effect, the method can be coupled into In the optical fiber system, the feasibility is strong, the scheme is simple, the integration is high, and the implementation cost is reduced, which provides a practical and innovative solution for eliminating the sideband effect.
  • the frequency hopping requirements can also be met, and the cooling light required for atomic cooling can be obtained, that is, the frequency of the cooling light obtained after the Raman light is subjected to a small frequency shift It can still be within the reflection spectrum bandwidth of the fiber filter, realize the multiplexing of the optical path, and improve the integration degree of the laser system.

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Abstract

一种冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生方法及系统，该系统包括激光器、电光调制器、本振源、窄带宽光纤滤波器、光纤放大器和倍频晶体；激光器产生频率为ω的激光作为激光源输入至电光调制器，本振源对电光调制器施加频率为δ的调制电压，电光调制器输出频率为ω±nδ(n＝0,1,2,...)的双边带调频光，双边带调频光输入至与目标频率光匹配的窄带宽光纤滤波器，窄带宽光纤滤波器输出目标频率激光，目标频率激光依次输入至光纤放大器和倍频晶体，经过倍频晶体输出冷原子干涉单边带拉曼光，拉曼光产生系统器件结构简单、成本低、集成度高、易于实现，且成熟度高稳定性好，对高精度原子干涉测量的激光系统工程化实现具有重要意义和实用价值。

Description

一种冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生方法及系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2020年8月13日提交中国专利局，申请号为202010810318.1，申请名称为“一种冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生方法及系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及一种冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生方法及系统。
背景技术
利用原子物质波干涉特性可以构造原子干涉仪进行物理量的精密测量。原子干涉仪具有极高的测量精度和灵敏度，在空间和速度分布上具有更加良好的相干性，目前已普遍应用于高精度旋转角速度、重力加速度和重力梯度的测量，及精细结构常数、等效原理、引力波、广义相对论等基础物理的研究。
在基于双光子受激拉曼跃迁的冷原子干涉系统中，需要利用制备的拉曼光对原子进行分束、反转和合束干涉操作，拉曼光的性能直接决定原子干涉测量结果的精度、灵敏度及原子干涉仪的可靠度、集成化程度。目前，一般直接采用780nm激光器作为产生铷原子干涉所需各种操控光的种子光源，但780nm光学器件发展不够成熟，器件阈值能量低容易损坏，且器件价格昂贵；采用1560nm激光器作为种子源，1560nm波段处于通信波段，器件技术成熟度高、价格低、集成度高。目前，产生拉曼光的方法主要有三种，分别是光学锁相合成法、光学移频合成法和电光相位调制法。光学锁相合成法基于光学相干锁相技术，通过将主从激光器的拍频锁定，然后将主从激光进行空间合成，进而获得两束固定频差的相干拉曼光；光学移频合成法是将基频激光通过声光移频器进行多次移频后，再与原光束进行空间光束合成获得拉曼光。电光相位调制法利用激光通过电光相位调制器产生等频率间隔、同偏振和光强可调的零级和边带混合的 相干光，将其零级及+1级边带作为拉曼光，从而实现拉曼光的高相干和低相噪要求。相对其他两种方法，电光相位调制法的优点是不仅系统结构简单、易于集成、技术成熟度高、全光纤、效率高，同时所产生的拉曼光具有偏振一致、光学相干和自然低噪的特点，是目前最具工程化实用价值的拉曼光产生方法。但目前电光相位调制法也存在缺陷和不足，表现在普通的电光相位调制会在基频光的左右两边产生双边带，由此带来拉曼边带效应，这将影响原子干涉条纹对比度和引起相位测量误差。尽管目前提出了基于IQ调制原理的等效化单边带调制方法，但是只是解决了双向调制的问题，仍可能存在其他边带效应，边带抑制的效果有待进一步改善，而且IQ调制器件成本高、稳定性差、系统复杂，很难实现长时间的稳定控制，难以满足高精度和高稳定性的实际工程化应用要求。
目前，为了消除电光相位调制法的边带效应，研究者们提出了一些方法，主要包括谐振腔滤波法、方解石晶体调偏振法等，但都存在着一定问题。谐振腔滤波法利用F-P腔对电光调制后的激光进行滤波，通过设置F-P腔的自由光谱值可以将载波滤除，将阶边带作为一对拉曼光，但该方法结构复杂，无法集成到光纤器件中，且±1阶边带光强相同，无法调节拉曼光功率比，基本难以应用到原子干涉实验中。方解石晶体调偏振法是将相位调制器输出光输入到方解石晶体中并通过反射多次经过晶体，使得载波和边带产生不同的偏振变化，即-1阶边带具有垂直线偏振，+1边带具有水平线偏振，而载波具有圆偏振，光束通过水平偏振器，仅留下载波和+1边带。该方法对光准直入射要求较高，需要多次经过方解石晶体，结构复杂，对环境条件要求苛刻，且存在耦合效率低的问题。
然而，发明人意识到，目前的以电光相位调制产生拉曼光方式或者传统方法，存在集成化程度低、成本高、实现复杂等问题。
发明内容
根据本申请公开的各种实施例，提供一种冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生方法及系统。
一种冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生系统，包括激光器、电光调制器、本振源、窄带宽光纤滤波器、光纤放大器和倍频晶体；
所述激光器产生频率为ω的激光作为激光源输入至电光调制器，所述本振源对电光调制器施加频率为δ的调制电压，所述电光调制器输出频率为ω±nδ的双边带调频光，其中，n＝0,1,2,...；双边带调频光输入至与目标频率光匹配的窄带宽光纤滤波器，所述窄带宽光纤滤波器输出目标频率激光，所述目标频率激光依次输入至光纤放大器和倍频晶体后输出单边带拉曼光。
一种冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生方法，包括：
拉曼边带产生：激光器产生频率为ω的激光作为激光源输入至电光调制器，本振源对电光调制器施加频率为δ的调制电压，所述电光调制器输出频率为ω±nδ的双边带调频光，其中，n＝0,1,2,...；
多余边带滤除：将所述电光调制器输出的双边带调频光输入至与目标频率光匹配的窄带宽光纤滤波器中，滤除除目标频率光匹配外的其余边带光，输出目标频率激光；
倍频：将所述目标频率激光先通过光纤放大器进行功率放大后再通过倍频晶体进行倍频，倍频后输出的光即为单边带拉曼光。
本申请的一个或多个实施例的细节在下面的附图和描述中提出。本申请的其它特征和优点将从说明书、附图以及权利要求书变得明显。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为根据一个或多个实施例中电光相位调制光的频域模型。
图2为根据一个或多个实施例中窄带宽光纤滤波器结构示意图。
图3为根据一个或多个实施例中窄带宽光纤滤波器光谱示意图。
图4为根据一个或多个实施例中冷原子干涉单边带拉曼光产生系统图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明，但是本发明可以根据权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。
拉曼光产生的原理如下：
激光源输出激光随时间变化的电场强度E(t)可以表示为E(t)＝Ee iωt，其中E为电场强度幅值，ω为激光频率，将其输入到电光相位调制器中，对电光调制器施加频率为δ的调制信号，对应得到电光调制器的调制频率为δ，调制深度为β。由非线性晶体的一级电光效应，调制后光的调频光可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2020131093-appb-000001
其中，E 0为经过电光相位调制器后的电场强度幅值，J 0(β)为第0阶贝塞尔函数，J n(β)为第n阶贝塞尔函数，
Figure PCTCN2020131093-appb-000002
为经过电光调制器后的相移，t为时间。
图1为电光相位调制光的频域模型，经电光调制器后可以得到频率为ω±nδ(n＝0,1,2,...)，幅值为E 0·J n(β)的一系列输出光。产生拉曼光仅需要调频光的载波(频率为ω)和正一阶边带(频率为ω+δ)，而多余的拉曼激光边带使原子发生拉曼跃迁并由此产生拉曼边带效应，从而对冷原子重力仪的绝对精度产生较大影响，因此需要将电光调制器输出的调频光输入到窄带宽光纤滤波器中进行光学滤波。
窄带宽光纤滤波器是本发明中的重要器件，它是在光纤纤芯内形成的空间相位周期性分布的光栅，其作用的实质就是在纤芯内形成一个窄带的(透射或反射)滤波器或反射镜。窄带宽光纤滤波器结构如图2所示，其结构包括光学环形器、光栅、输入端、反射输出端和透射输出端。所述光学环形器分别与输入端、透射输出端和反射输出端相连，所述光栅设置在光学环形器与透射输出端之间。所述光学环形器是一种多端口非互易光学器件，入射光只能在光学环形器内沿一个方向传播。所述光学环形器包括输入端端口、反射输出端端口和 透射输出端端口，所述透射输出端端口与通过光栅与透射输出端相连。所述光栅为光纤布拉格光栅(简称FBG)。光栅包括了无数个可反射特定波长反射点，通过精准匹配两个反射点距离，可输出目标信号。具体为，所述双边带调频光通过入射端从输入端端口进入光学环形器，不符合布拉格条件的光波信号经过光纤布拉格光栅透射，从透射输出端输出；符合布拉格条件的光波信号被光纤布拉格光栅反射，从反射输出端端口输出，得到目标频率激光。所述窄带宽光纤滤波器的主要参数为：初始折射率n、光致折射率微扰值Δn、光栅栅距Λ、光栅区长度L。
图3为窄带宽光纤滤波器的光谱示意图的透射反射曲线图，图中实线为窄带宽光纤滤波器的反射曲线，虚线为窄带宽光纤滤波器的透射曲线。可以看出波长范围在
Figure PCTCN2020131093-appb-000003
内的激光经FBG后几乎全部反射，在其余波长处基本不被反射，其中λ为FBG反射中心波长，Δλ为反射曲线半高全宽，即损耗为-3dB时对应的曲线带宽。如图3所示，通过设计合适的中心波长和反射谱带宽，可以将电光调制器中的0阶边带和+1阶边带即拉曼1和拉曼2处于反射谱的中心，其余边带均被滤除。
FBG反射中心波长λ由光栅栅距Λ决定，二者关系为：
λ＝2nΛ
反射谱半高全宽Δλ与FBG光致折射率微扰值Δn及光栅区长度L的表达式为：
Figure PCTCN2020131093-appb-000004
通过设计初始折射率n、光致折射率微扰值Δn、光栅栅距Λ、光栅区长度L等参数使得仅电光调制器载波和正一阶边带处于FBG反射谱带宽内，其余边带均被滤除。
经窄带宽光纤滤波器后得到频率为ω、ω+δ的激光，此时将其输入到光纤放大器EDFA进行放大后再经过倍频晶体PPLN进行倍频，获得频率为2ω，2ω+δ,2(ω+δ)的输出光，频率为2ω，2ω+δ的一对激光即为冷原子干涉过程 中所需的单边带拉曼光。因为频率为2ω+2δ的边带光虽与频率为2ω+δ的光也能形成平行的一对拉曼光，但是由于频率存在大失谐，因此通过合理选择拉曼脉冲的强度等光参数可基本消除其影响，可忽略不计
如图4所示，一种冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生系统，包括激光器、电光调制器、本振源、窄带宽光纤滤波器、光纤放大器和倍频晶体；
所述激光器产生频率为ω的激光作为激光源输入至电光调制器，所述本振源对电光调制器施加频率为δ的调制电压，所述电光调制器输出频率为ω±nδ(n＝0,1,2,...)的双边带调频光，双边带调频光输入至与目标频率光匹配的窄带宽光纤滤波器，所述窄带宽光纤滤波器输出目标频率激光，目标频率激光依次输入至光纤放大器和倍频晶体，经过倍频晶体输出单边带拉曼光。
具体的，所述目标频率激光包括频率为ω的载波光和频率为ω+δ的正一阶边带光；
所述单边带拉曼光包括频率为2ω和2ω+δ的光。
在一个具体实施例中，所述激光器通过锁频模块将频率锁定到一个高稳定度的光学频率基准上。
所述窄带宽光纤滤波器包括光学环形器、光栅、输入端、反射输出端和透射输出端，所述光学环形器分别与输入端、透射输出端和反射输出端相连，所述光栅设置在光学环形器与透射输出端之间。
所述光学环形器是一种多端口非互易光学器件，入射光只能在光学环形器内沿一个方向单向传播。所述光学环形器包括输入端端口、反射输出端端口和透射输出端端口，所述透射输出端端口与通过光栅与透射输出端相连。所述光栅为光纤布拉格光栅。光栅包括了无数个可反射特定波长反射点，通过精准匹配两个反射点距离，可输出目标信号。具体为，所述双边带调频光通过入射端从输入端端口进入光学环形器，不符合布拉格条件的光波信号经过光纤布拉格光栅透射，从透射输出端输出；符合布拉格条件的光波信号被光纤布拉格光栅反射，从反射输出端端口输出，得到目标频率激光。
采用上述一种冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生系统产生单边带拉 曼光的方法，包括拉曼边带的产生、多余边带的滤除、倍频三个步骤，具体如下：激光器产生频率为ω的激光作为激光源输入至电光调制器，本振源对电光调制器(EOM)施加频率为δ的调制电压，所述电光调制器输出频率为ω±nδ(n＝0,1,2,...)的双边带调频光，其中所需的目标频率为输出的载波光ω和正一阶边带光ω+δ。将所述电光调制器输出的双边带调频光输入至与目标频率光匹配的窄带宽光纤滤波器中，将除载波光和正一阶边带光外的其余边带光滤除，此时窄带宽光纤滤波器的输出光即为目标频率激光。再将所述目标频率激光先通过光纤放大器进行功率放大，之后通过倍频晶体进行倍频，倍频后输出的光即为单边带拉曼光。
本发明以铷元素冷原子干涉仪为案例，采用频率锁定的波长精确值为1560.500nm激光器作为激光源。由于所需拉曼光间隔为6.834GHz，对电光相位调制器施加频率为6.834GHz(对应波长为55pm)的正弦波信号，获得载波波长为1560.500nm，波长间隔为55pm的一系列输出光。设置窄带宽光纤滤波器中心波长为1560.470nm，带宽为80pm，通过窄带宽光纤滤波器后仅剩余载波和+1阶边带，对应波长为1560.500nm和1560.445nm，倍频后得到780.250nm、780.236nm的目标输出拉曼光。
本发明方法巧妙的利用了窄带宽光纤滤波器对不同波长光的反射率不同的特点，消除了电光调制器产生的多余边带，相比于其他消除边带效应的方法，该方法能够耦合进光纤系统中，可行性强，方案简单，集成化高，且降低了实现成本，为消除边带效应提供了实用化、创新性的巧妙解决方法。另外，通过设置合适的光纤滤波器的中心波长及带宽，还可以满足跳频要求，得到原子冷却时所需的冷却光，即使得拉曼光进行较小的移频后得到的冷却光所在频率仍能处于光纤滤波器的反射谱带宽内，实现光路的复用，提高激光系统的集成度。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生系统，其特征在于，包括激光器、电光调制器、本振源、窄带宽光纤滤波器、光纤放大器和倍频晶体；
    所述激光器产生频率为ω的激光作为激光源输入至电光调制器，所述本振源对电光调制器施加频率为δ的调制电压，所述电光调制器输出频率为ω±nδ的双边带调频光，其中，n＝0,1,2,...；双边带调频光输入至与目标频率光匹配的窄带宽光纤滤波器，所述窄带宽光纤滤波器输出目标频率激光，所述目标频率激光依次输入至光纤放大器和倍频晶体后输出单边带拉曼光。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生系统，其特征在于，所述激光器通过锁频模块将频率锁定到一个预设稳定度的光学频率基准上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生系统，其特征在于，所述窄带宽光纤滤波器包括光学环形器、光栅、输入端、反射输出端和透射输出端，所述光学环形器分别与输入端、透射输出端和反射输出端相连，所述光栅设置在光学环形器与透射输出端之间。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生系统，其特征在于，所述光学环形器是一种多端口非互易光学器件，入射光在光学环形器内沿一个方向单向传播。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生系统，其特征在于，所述光栅为光纤布拉格光栅。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生系统，其特征在于，所述双边带调频光通过入射端进入光学环形器，不符合布拉格条件的光波信号经过光纤布拉格光栅透射，从透射输出端输出；符合布拉格条件的光波信号被光纤布拉格光栅反射，从反射输出端输出，得到目标频率激光。
  7. 一种冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生方法，其特征在于，冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生系统包括：激光器、电光调制器、本振源、窄带宽光纤滤波器、光纤放大器和倍频晶体；
    所述方法包括以下步骤：
    拉曼边带产生过程：激光器产生频率为ω的激光作为激光源输入至电光调制器，本振源对电光调制器施加频率为δ的调制电压，所述电光调制器输出频率为ω±nδ的双边带调频光，其中，n＝0,1,2,...；
    多余边带滤除过程：将所述电光调制器输出的双边带调频光输入至与目标频率光匹配的窄带宽光纤滤波器中，滤除除目标频率光匹配外的其余边带光，输出目标频率激光；及
    倍频过程：将所述目标频率激光先通过光纤放大器进行功率放大后再通过倍频晶体进行倍频，倍频后输出的光即为单边带拉曼光。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述激光器通过锁频模块将频率锁定到一个预设稳定度的光学频率基准上。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述窄带宽光纤滤波器包括光学环形器、光栅、输入端、反射输出端和透射输出端，所述光学环形器分别与输入端、透射输出端和反射输出端相连，所述光栅设置在光学环形器与透射输出端之间。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述光学环形器是一种多端口非互易光学器件，入射光在光学环形器内沿一个方向单向传播。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述光栅为光纤布拉格光栅。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述双边带调频光通过入射端进入光学环形器，不符合布拉格条件的光波信号经过光纤布拉格光栅透射，从透射输出端输出；符合布拉格条件的光波信号被光纤布拉格光栅反射，从反射输出端输出，得到目标频率激光。
  13. 一种冷原子干涉仪，其特征在于，采用冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生系统产生的拉曼光；
    所述冷原子干涉相位调制型单边带拉曼光产生系统包括：激光器、电光调制器、本振源、窄带宽光纤滤波器、光纤放大器和倍频晶体；
    所述激光器产生频率为ω的激光作为激光源输入至电光调制器，所述本振源 对电光调制器施加频率为δ的调制电压，所述电光调制器输出频率为ω±nδ的双边带调频光，其中，n＝0,1,2,...；双边带调频光输入至与目标频率光匹配的窄带宽光纤滤波器，所述窄带宽光纤滤波器输出目标频率激光，所述目标频率激光依次输入至光纤放大器和倍频晶体后输出单边带拉曼光。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的冷原子干涉仪，其特征在于，所述激光器通过锁频模块将频率锁定到一个预设稳定度的光学频率基准上。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的冷原子干涉仪，其特征在于，所述窄带宽光纤滤波器包括光学环形器、光栅、输入端、反射输出端和透射输出端，所述光学环形器分别与输入端、透射输出端和反射输出端相连，所述光栅设置在光学环形器与透射输出端之间。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的冷原子干涉仪，其特征在于，所述光学环形器是一种多端口非互易光学器件，入射光在光学环形器内沿一个方向单向传播。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的冷原子干涉仪，其特征在于，所述光栅为光纤布拉格光栅。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的冷原子干涉仪，其特征在于，所述双边带调频光通过入射端进入光学环形器，不符合布拉格条件的光波信号经过光纤布拉格光栅透射，从透射输出端输出；符合布拉格条件的光波信号被光纤布拉格光栅反射，从反射输出端输出，得到目标频率激光。
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