CN106505403B - 一种基于光学反馈产生的重复频率可调光频梳 - Google Patents

一种基于光学反馈产生的重复频率可调光频梳 Download PDF

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CN106505403B
CN106505403B CN201611103512.6A CN201611103512A CN106505403B CN 106505403 B CN106505403 B CN 106505403B CN 201611103512 A CN201611103512 A CN 201611103512A CN 106505403 B CN106505403 B CN 106505403B
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CN106505403A (zh
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徐善辉
赵齐来
杨中民
冯洲明
杨昌盛
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种基于光学反馈产生的重复频率可调光频梳。所述光频梳包括单频激光谐振腔、波分复用器、单模半导体泵浦光源、光环行器、第一光纤耦合器、第二光纤耦合器、光电探测器、高稳定信号源、误差信号处理系统、激光频率调制装置、可调激光延迟模块。本发明利用可调激光延迟模块对单频激光进行延时处理，并通过光环形器实现光学反馈注入到谐振腔中，产生一系列频率间隔相等并且可调的激光纵模。同时结合高稳定信号源、误差信号处理系统和激光频率调制装置实现激光频率锁定，产生激光光频梳。该发明以一种简单实用的方法获得重复频率可调的激光光频梳，在光纤传感以及原子和分子光谱学等领域有着广阔的应用前景和巨大的应用价值。

Description

一种基于光学反馈产生的重复频率可调光频梳
技术领域
本发明涉及光频梳，特别是涉及一种基于光学反馈产生的重复频率可调光频梳。
背景技术
光频梳是一种具有梳状频率谱的光源，其在高精度频标、精密测距、微波光子学任意波发生器、微波光子学信号处理、密集波分复用等相关领域有重要的应用，基于光频梳的光钟可以将原子钟的精度提高两个量级以上。鉴于其重要理论意义和应用价值，光频梳正成为相关领域研究的热点。
传统的光频梳产生方案有一下几种：一是利用锁模激光器在时域上的输出为周期性脉冲序列,针对周期性脉冲作傅里叶变换得到在频域上频率间隔相等的光学频率梳。但是激光器内部存在的色散会使包络的相位积累和载波相位积累存在固定的差值,因此需要进行校准。该方案的优点是结构简单,产生的载波数目较多,但是存在载波数目不易控制、平坦度差、载波间隔不确定等缺点。二是非线性光纤。此种方案是利用高非线性光纤中的非线性效应如自相位调制、级联四波混频来得到大带宽的光频梳。这种方式产生的光频梳数目较多,但是存在载波平坦度不好、载波数目不可控等缺点。三是单个/级联的电光调制器。此方法是相对较容易实现、应用也较为广泛的光频梳产生方案。常见的级联的电光调制器方案包括强度调制器级联相位调制器、偏振调制器级联相位调制器相位调制器级联相位调制器、偏振调制器级联偏振调制器等方案。主要思想是通过控制射频源幅度、偏置电压、频率等参数来整改变输出光频梳的性能。该方案具有子波间隔稳定、产生方式较为简单等优点,但是若想获得较大的载波数目需要的射频驱动电压较高,载波的平坦度也不够理想。
另外基于循环频移器RFS结构(Recirculating frequency shifter)也可以产生光频梳。基于循环频移器的产生方案包括单边带循环频移器(SSB-RFS)、相位调制器结合循环频移器(PM-RFS)、多路循环频移器(MC-RFS)、偏振调制器结合循环频移器(PolM-RFS)等方案,其基本原理是利用循环频移来增大产生的载波数目。这种方式的优点是产生的光频梳数目较多、平坦度较好,但是存在载波相位关系不明显、载波噪声较大等缺点。
而基于光学反馈机制产生光频梳可以有效抑制载波噪声较大的问题，同时可以产生较多的光频梳数目，改变光学反馈装置中的延迟时间，还可以获得不同重复频率的光频梳。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术上述中的不足，提供一种基于光学反馈产生的重复频率可调光频梳。通过激光光学反馈装置结合频率锁定作用，从而产生重复频率可调的激光光频梳。
本发明的目的通过如下技术方案实现。
一种基于光学反馈产生的重复频率可调光频梳，包括单频激光谐振腔、波分复用器、单模半导体泵浦光源、光环行器、第一光纤耦合器、第二光纤耦合器、光电探测器、高稳定信号源、误差信号处理系统、激光频率调制装置、可调激光延迟模块；各部件的结构关系是：单频激光谐振腔与波分复用器的公共端连接，波分复用器的泵浦端与单模半导体泵浦光源连接，波分复用器的信号端与光环行器的2端口连接，第一光纤耦合器的输入端和光环形器的3端口连接，第一光纤耦合器的一个输出端连接第二光纤耦合器的输入端，激光频率调制装置的输入端连接第一光纤耦合器的另一个输出端，可调激光延迟模块分别连接激光频率调制装置的输出端和光环行器的1端口，第二光纤耦合器的一个输出端作为光频梳的输出，光电探测器的输入端连接第二光纤耦合器的另一个输出端，高稳定信号源和光电探测器的输出端同时连接误差信号处理系统，误差信号处理系统的输出端连接激光频率调制装置的控制端。
进一步地，所述的重复频率在小于10MHz范围内。
进一步地，所述的单频激光谐振腔的输出为连续单频、频率调制的任意波长输出的单频激光。
进一步地，所述的高稳定信号源包括但不限于晶振、信号发生器、原子钟等。
进一步地，所述的激光频率调制装置包括但不限于光纤拉伸器、声光调制器、电光调制器等。
进一步地，所述的可调激光延迟模块包括但不限于光纤延迟线、高反射率激光腔体等。
进一步地，所述的单频激光谐振腔的输出激光经过可调激光延迟模块后，并通过光环形器实现光学反馈注入到单频激光谐振腔中，产生一系列频率间隔相等的激光纵模。同时结合高稳定信号源、误差信号处理系统和激光频率调制装置实现激光频率锁定，产生激光光频梳。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点和技术效果：
单模半导体泵浦光源输出的泵浦光经波分复用器对单频光纤激光谐振腔进行泵浦，从光纤谐振腔经波分复用器输出的激光信号经过光环行器后，进入第一光纤耦合器实现激光分束。其中一部分光经过激光频率调制装置、可调激光延迟模块进入光环行器重新注入单频光纤激光谐振腔中，实现光学反馈。而另一部分光进入另一个第二光纤耦合器，从第二光纤耦合器输出的一部分光进入光电探测器转化为电信号，该电信号携带了激光的幅度和频率波动信息，误差信号处理系统将改电信号与高稳定信号源的信号进行运算处理后，加载到激光频率调制装置上，实现激光频率锁定，产生激光光频梳。与传统的基于锁模激光器或者光学微腔产生光频梳的方案相比，本发明将光学反馈和频率锁定相结合，提供了一种在更为简易而且频率间隔可调的有效方案。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一种基于光学反馈产生的重复频率可调光频梳原理示意图。
图中： 1—单频激光谐振腔、2—波分复用器、3—单模半导体泵浦光源、4—光环行器、5—第一光纤耦合器、6—第二光纤耦合器、7—光电探测器、8—高稳定信号源、9—误差信号处理系统、10—激光频率调制装置、11—可调激光延迟模块。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体例子对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述，需要说明的是本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于实施例表述的范围，同时以下若有未特别详细说明的部分，均是本领域技术人员可参照现有技术实现的。
实施例 1
本例中利用980nm单模半导体激光器作为单模半导体泵浦光源3，经过980/1550nm的保偏波分复用器2实现对单频激光谐振腔1进行后向泵浦。单频激光谐振腔1为输出激光波长为1550.52nm的单频光纤分布布拉格反射式（DBR）谐振腔。输出激光经过1550nm保偏光纤环形器4后，进入分光比为50:50的第一光纤耦合器5。此例中的高稳定信号源8为一个高稳定的频率为50MHz的温补晶振，激光频率调制装置10为声光调制器，可调激光延迟模块11为1km长的光纤延迟线。从第一光纤耦合器5中输出的部分光接两一个分光比为10:90的第二光纤耦合器6，其中10%的光进入光电探测器7，90%的端口作为光频梳的输出端口。光电探测器获得电信号和温补晶振的50MHz的标准信号同时输入到误差信号处理系统9中，误差信号处理系统可以采用现有的信号处理系统。误差信号处理系统9会对光电探测器测得电信号进行带通滤波获得50MHz附近的一个梳齿信号，同时对温补晶振信号进行带通滤波以消除其他频率成分的谐波信号。然后对两个信号进行有效放大，进入混频器混频并加上一个低通滤波器获得低频频率误差信号。这个低频误差信号既携带着光频梳的频率波动信息，也携带着幅度波动信息。通过对该误差信号进行比例-积分-微分（ProportionIntegration Differentiation，PID）运算处理后，得到的信号加载到激光频率调制装置10，实现频率锁定后，输出频率稳定的激光光频梳。与传统的基于锁模激光器或者光学微腔产生光频梳的方案相比，本发明将光学反馈和频率锁定相结合，提供了一种在更为简易而且频率间隔可调的有效方案。

Claims (5)

1.一种基于光学反馈产生的重复频率可调光频梳，其特征在于包括单频激光谐振腔(1)、波分复用器(2)、单模半导体泵浦光源(3)、光环行器(4)、第一光纤耦合器(5)、第二光纤耦合器(6)、光电探测器(7)、高稳定信号源(8)、误差信号处理系统(9)、激光频率调制装置(10)、可调激光延迟模块(11)；各部件的结构关系是：单频激光谐振腔(1)与波分复用器(2)的公共端连接，波分复用器(2)的泵浦端与单模半导体泵浦光源(3)连接，波分复用器(2)的信号端与光环行器(4)的2端口连接，第一光纤耦合器(5)的输入端和光环形器(4)的3端口连接，第一光纤耦合器(5)的一个输出端连接第二光纤耦合器(6)的输入端，激光频率调制装置(10)的输入端连接第一光纤耦合器(5)的另一个输出端，可调激光延迟模块(11)分别连接激光频率调制装置(10)的输出端和光环行器(4)的1端口，第二光纤耦合器(6)的一个输出端作为光频梳的输出，光电探测器(7)的输入端连接第二光纤耦合器(6)的另一个输出端，高稳定信号源(8)和光电探测器(7)的输出端同时连接误差信号处理系统(9)，误差信号处理系统(9)的输出端连接激光频率调制装置(10)的控制端；所述的单频激光谐振腔(1)的输出为连续单频、频率调制的任意波长输出的单频激光；所述的高稳定信号源(8)包括晶振、信号发生器或原子钟。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光学反馈产生的重复频率可调光频梳，其特征在于：所述的重复频率小于10MHz。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光学反馈产生的重复频率可调光频梳，其特征在于：所述的激光频率调制装置(10)包括光纤拉伸器、声光调制器、电光调制器或磁光调制器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光学反馈产生的重复频率可调光频梳，其特征在于：所述的可调激光延迟模块(11)包括光纤延迟线或高反射率激光腔体。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光学反馈产生的重复频率可调光频梳，其特征在于：所述的单频激光谐振腔(1)的输出激光经过可调激光延迟模块(11)后，并通过光环形器(4)实现光学反馈注入到单频激光谐振腔(1)中，产生频率间隔相等的激光纵模；同时结合高稳定信号源(8)、误差信号处理系统(9)和激光频率调制装置(10)实现激光频率锁定，产生激光光频梳。
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