WO2022028438A1 - 菲涅尔组合光学器件和立体显示装置 - Google Patents

菲涅尔组合光学器件和立体显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022028438A1
WO2022028438A1 PCT/CN2021/110404 CN2021110404W WO2022028438A1 WO 2022028438 A1 WO2022028438 A1 WO 2022028438A1 CN 2021110404 W CN2021110404 W CN 2021110404W WO 2022028438 A1 WO2022028438 A1 WO 2022028438A1
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Prior art keywords
fresnel
optical device
quasi
prism
plane
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PCT/CN2021/110404
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵鹏
吴超
李屹
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Shenzhen Appotronics Corp Ltd
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Appotronics Corp Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/40—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images giving the observer of a single two-dimensional [2D] image a perception of depth
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0012—Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a three-dimensional [3D] volume, e.g. voxels
    • G02B30/56—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a three-dimensional [3D] volume, e.g. voxels by projecting aerial or floating images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/04—Prisms

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of stereoscopic display, and in particular, to a Fresnel combined optical device and a stereoscopic display device.
  • the technologies that can achieve stereoscopic display effect can be roughly divided into two categories, one is the stereoscopic display technology that requires special glasses, and the other type does not need to wear additional equipment, which is called naked-eye stereoscopic display.
  • the existing naked-eye stereoscopic display has the following implementations.
  • Binocular parallax stereoscopic display this technology is similar to the principle of wearing glasses stereoscopic display, the images observed by the human eyes are slightly different, and the stereoscopic effect is achieved through binocular parallax.
  • naked-eye stereoscopic display requires specific optical components to control the images seen by both eyes.
  • Common technologies include using structures such as lenticular lenses or grids to spatially generate the left-eye image observation area and the right-eye image. The observation area allows the left and right eyes to see the pictures corresponding to different pixels.
  • This scheme is a common naked-eye stereoscopic display scheme, but the disadvantage is that the spatial light modulator is firstly cut in space, so the spatial resolution of the display. There will be a decrease.
  • Holographic display technology uses the technology of coherent light interference to record the optical information of the object, which can completely retain the intensity and phase information of the reflected light of the object, so it essentially records the three-dimensional information of the object. After the interference recorded holographic dry plate is obtained, the holographic dry plate is irradiated with a specific light beam to recover the light beam reflected by the object, so that the three-dimensional appearance of the object can be reproduced, and the effect of naked-eye three-dimensional display can be obtained.
  • This technology requires the use of beam interference to record images, so it is difficult to achieve dynamic pictures, and there is no large-scale commercial use.
  • Plasma technology is also a naked-eye three-dimensional technical route for using a laser beam to plasmonize air in space.
  • a laser beam with very concentrated energy can be obtained at a specific position in space.
  • the air can be plasmaized to stimulate an arc spark, thereby showing a bright spot at a specific position.
  • some dazzling arc display lattices can be scanned in space to achieve the naked-eye three-dimensional effect.
  • This solution can achieve the effect of dynamic display, but the plasmaization of the gas requires a strong laser energy, so there are some problems in the cost and safety of the solution.
  • a naked-eye stereoscopic display solution which is to move and suspend one or more small scattering particles in the air through the technology of acoustic levitation, and then through the tracking of the laser beam, the beam is irradiated on the scattering particles at all times.
  • the scattered particles are displayed in different positions in the air, thereby realizing the naked eye stereo. Since the light beam is displayed by scattering technology, the energy of the light beam can be much smaller than that of the plasma solution, and a color display can be achieved. However, it is more difficult to move and suspend particles in the air, and it cannot be commercialized on a large scale for the time being.
  • the embodiments of the present application propose a Fresnel combination optical device and a stereoscopic display device to solve the above technical problems.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a Fresnel combination optical device, where the Fresnel combination optical device is used to modulate a quasi-parallel light beam.
  • a Fresnel combination optical device includes a Fresnel optical element and a light deflection element.
  • the Fresnel optical element includes several Fresnel prism units, and the Fresnel prism units include a prism face and a plane facing away from each other, and the prism face is used to receive a quasi-parallel light beam.
  • the light deflecting element includes a first surface and a second surface, the plane of each Fresnel prism unit is arranged in contact with the first surface, and the prism surface of the Fresnel prism unit where the plane is located is matched with the surface type of the second surface, So that each Fresnel prism unit and its matched light deflection element form an optical flat panel unit, so that the Fresnel combined optical device is equivalent to an optical panel, and the refractive index of the light deflection element is the same as that of the Fresnel optics.
  • the elements have the same refractive index.
  • the first surface is disposed in close contact with a plane
  • the surface function of the second surface is z 2
  • z 2 has at least two values, and the positions of the at least two values are respectively different from the distances between the prism surfaces.
  • the light-deflecting element is any of a transmissive prism, a free-form lens, or a mirror.
  • the first surface includes a reflective surface and a bonding surface
  • the angle between the reflective surface and the optical axis of the quasi-parallel beam is smaller than the angle between the bonding surface and the optical axis of the quasi-parallel beam
  • the bonding surface and the plane Combined, the reflective surface is used to directly reflect a part of the quasi-parallel beam, and the prism surface is used to reflect another part of the quasi-parallel beam.
  • the angle between the reflective surface and the optical axis of the quasi-parallel beam is 45 degrees.
  • the light deflecting element receives the quasi-parallel light beam modulated by the Fresnel optical element, and directs the quasi-parallel light beam out.
  • the light deflecting element is a free-form surface lens
  • the surface shape function of the second surface z 2 (n/(nL))*f(x,y), where f(x,y) is a preset display
  • L is the distance between z 2 at position (x, y) and the prism surface
  • n is the refractive index of the light-deflecting element
  • the face function of the prism face is mod((n/(nL))*f(x,y)-H0,T0), L is the distance between z 2 and the prism face, and H0 is greater than or Equal to the maximum value of z 2 , T0 is the default value, mod is the modulo operation with the base T0.
  • inventions of the present application provide a stereoscopic display device.
  • the stereoscopic display device includes the Fresnel combination optical device in any of the above embodiments and a spatial light modulator, and the quasi-parallel light beam emitted by the spatial light modulator is modulated by the Fresnel combination optical device and then exits.
  • the spatial light modulator is any one of a liquid crystal display device, a liquid crystal display device on silicon, and a digital micromirror device.
  • At least a portion of the quasi-parallel beam is modulated by a Fresnel optical element.
  • each Fresnel prism unit in the Fresnel optical element and the second The surface shapes are matched, so that each Fresnel prism unit and its matched light deflecting element form an optical flat panel unit, so that the Fresnel combined optical device is equivalent to an optical panel, so that quasi-parallel beams can be maintained.
  • the deflection characteristics are basically the same, and the Fresnel combination optical device can also change the distance of the quasi-parallel beam through the refraction plane by adjusting the distance between the prism surface and the second surface at different positions, so that the quasi-parallel beam can be controlled to pass through the Philippine
  • the equivalent path of the Neel combination optical device since the equivalent path of different positions of the Fresnel combination optical device will be reflected as the position of the imaging point in the image plane corresponding to the position, which is helpful to make the quasi-parallel beam pass through the Fresnel
  • the shape of the image surface can be controlled after the different positions of the combined optical device are modulated.
  • the image surface can be adjusted from a flat shape to a curved surface shape, so that the image surface viewed by the observer is a three-dimensional image surface, so as to achieve the effect of naked-eye three-dimensional display.
  • binocular parallax stereo display technology there is no requirement for the observer's position and viewing angle, and it will not cause the observer to feel dizzy.
  • holographic display technology it does not need to use the method of beam interference to record images and achieve dynamic display.
  • Plasma technology there is no need to plasmonize the gas to provide strong laser energy, and compared with acoustic levitation technology, there is no need to move and suspend one or more small scattering particles in the air.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the comparison between a Fresnel lens and an ordinary lens.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the angular magnification effect of an optical device.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of forming a virtual image of the Fresnel combination optical device provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of forming a virtual image of a Fresnel combination optical device provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a scenario application of the Fresnel combination optical device provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another scenario application of the Fresnel combination optical device provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of forming a virtual image by a Fresnel combination optical device according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a virtual image formed by the Fresnel combination optical device of FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of forming a virtual image of a Fresnel combination optical device according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a scene application of the Fresnel combination optical device provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the surface design of the Fresnel combination optical device provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a surface design of a Fresnel combination optical device provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a surface design of a Fresnel combination optical device provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • the present application provides a Fresnel combination optical device for realizing naked eye stereoscopic display.
  • the Fresnel combined optical device of the present application is realized by using a Fresnelized optical device, and FIG. 1 shows a common lens 10 and a Fresnel lens 11 .
  • the traditional geometrical optical element realizes the control of the beam propagation through the reflection or refraction of the interface, and then realizes operations such as image reversal, magnification, and reduction. You can achieve roughly the same effect if you keep the shape of the interface, but discretize it.
  • the interface of the ordinary lens 10 is discretized, and the Fresnel lens 11 can be obtained.
  • the Fresnel lens 11 can achieve approximately the same effect as the ordinary lens 10, and the overall thickness can be made very thin.
  • the path difference when the light beam passes through the edge and the center of the Fresnel lens 11 is made approximately the same. Therefore, the Fresnelized optical device can also design and control the path of the beam to a certain extent when achieving a similar effect of beam deflection.
  • the Fresnel combination optics of the present application take into account the angular magnification effect of the optics.
  • the magnification of the projection on the axis and the magnification on the plane perpendicular to the axis are not the same.
  • the imaging plane is also inclined, but the inclination angle is different from the object. As shown in FIG. 2, the object 20 is imaged by the lens 21 to obtain the image plane 22.
  • the magnification of the lens 21 to the object 20 in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis 23 is a, then the magnification of the lens 21 in the axial direction is a 2 , and the object 20
  • the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 provided by the embodiment of the present application is used to modulate the quasi-parallel light beam 31 , so that the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 can Realize naked eye stereoscopic display.
  • the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 includes the Fresnel optical element 100 and the light deflection element 200 .
  • the Fresnel optical element 100 includes several Fresnel prism units, that is, the number of Fresnel prism units is greater than or equal to two.
  • the Fresnel prism unit includes a prism face 110 and a plane 120 facing away from each other, and the prism face 110 is used to receive the quasi-parallel light beam 31 .
  • the light deflecting element 200 includes a first surface 210 and a second surface 220.
  • each Fresnel prism unit is disposed in contact with the first surface 210, and the prism surface 110 of the Fresnel prism unit where the plane 120 is located is connected to the first surface 210.
  • the surface shapes of the two surfaces 220 are matched, so that each Fresnel prism unit and the matched light deflection element 200 form an optical flat panel unit, so that the Fresnel combined optical device is equivalent to an optical panel.
  • the refractive index of the light deflection element 200 is the same as that of the Fresnel optical element 100 .
  • the prism surface 110 of each Fresnel prism unit in the Fresnel optical element 100 and the light polarization The surface shape of the second surface 220 of the folding element 200 is matched, so that each Fresnel prism unit and the matched light deflection element 200 form an optical flat panel unit, so that the Fresnel combined optical device 1000 is equivalent to An optical panel, so that the deflection characteristics of the quasi-parallel beams 31 can be kept substantially consistent, wherein the prism surface 110 of the optical panel can be a sawtooth surface and the second surface 220 can be a plane (as shown in FIG. 3 ), or the optical The prism surface 110 of the panel may be a sawtooth surface and the second surface 220 may be a surface with a special-shaped structure, such as a corrugated surface (as shown in
  • the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 can also change the distance of the quasi-parallel beam 31 through the refraction plane by adjusting the distance between the prism surface 110 and the second surface 220 at different positions, so that the quasi-parallel beam 31 can be controlled to pass through the Fresnel
  • the equivalent distance ⁇ (z) L/n of the position z of the combination optical device 1000, where n is the refractive index of the Fresnel optical element 100; L quasi-parallel beam 31 propagates from the position z on the prism surface to
  • the distance of the second surface 220 is due to the fact that the optical axis 33 of the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 is perpendicular to the light emitting plane 30 in a common application environment, as shown in FIG.
  • the optical axis 33 of the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 Due to factors such as assembly errors or manufacturing errors, it deviates from 90° from the light-emitting plane 30.
  • the deviation angle is in the range of 0 to 10°, and the collimated beam 31 will not be greatly deflected. Therefore, the collimated beam 31 is in the Philippines.
  • the actual propagation distance of the Neel combination optical device 1000 , so L can also be understood as the thickness of the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 .
  • the equivalent path ⁇ (z) of different positions of the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 will be reflected as the position of the imaging point in the image plane corresponding to the position, for example, the equivalent path ⁇ (z) of the position z will be reflected as the image plane
  • the position of the imaging point 320 corresponding to the position z in 32, and the surface shape function of the second surface 220 is z 2
  • z 2 has at least two values, which are respectively different from the distance between the prism surfaces 110, for example, the second
  • the surface shape function of the surface 220 is z 2
  • z 2 includes several values, wherein, there are at least two values of z 2 , and the at least two values are respectively different from the distances between the prism surfaces 110 .
  • the function z2 may include a first value and a second value, the distance between the position of the first value and the prism surface 110 may be L1, the distance between the position of the second value and the prism surface 110 may be L2, and L2 ⁇ L1, Then the shape of the image plane 32 relative to the light emitting plane 30 changes, so that the quasi-parallel light beam 31 can control the shape of the image plane 32 after being modulated by the Fresnel combination optical device 1000.
  • the image plane 32 is adjusted from a flat shape to a curved shape
  • the image plane viewed by the observer is a three-dimensional image plane 32, so as to achieve the effect of naked-eye three-dimensional display, and there is no requirement for the observer's position and viewing angle, and it will not cause the observer to feel dizzy.
  • holographic display technology It also does not need to use the method of beam interference to record images to achieve dynamic display.
  • Plasma technology it does not need to plasmaize gas to provide strong laser energy.
  • acoustic levitation technology it does not need to move and suspend one or more in the air. Multiple small scattering particles.
  • the above-mentioned first numerical value can be the maximum value of the function z 2 , or the minimum value of the function z 2 , or any value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the function z 2 ; correspondingly, the second value can be is the maximum value of the function z 2 , the minimum value of the function z 2 , any value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the function z 2 , etc., and the second value is not equal to the first value, so L1 and L2 in Figure 3 As an example only, it does not mean that L1 and L2 are the sizes of the fixed positions in FIG. 3 . Likewise, the position z in FIG. 3 is only used as an exemplary position.
  • the Fresnel optical element 100 refers to an optical element obtained by fresneling the interface of a common optical element. This application takes the Fresnel optical element 100 as a Fresnel prism as an example for description.
  • the prism surface 110 is an interface obtained by discretizing the surface of a common optical element.
  • the light deflecting element 200 can be a common optical device, for example, the light deflecting element 200 can be a mirror or a lens, which helps that the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 can affect the light deflecting element 200 according to different devices. Types can be adjusted adaptively. For example, when the light deflection element 200 is a lens, specifically, when the light deflection element 200 is a transmissive prism, the light deflection element 200 receives the quasi-parallel beam 31 modulated by the Fresnel optical element 100, and converts the quasi-parallel beam 31 to conduct guided ejection.
  • the light deflecting element 200 when the light deflecting element 200 is a mirror type, the light deflecting element 200 can directly receive a part of the quasi-parallel light beam 31 , so that the image plane imaged by the light deflecting element 200 is different from another image plane received by the Fresnel optical element 100 .
  • the image planes formed by a part of the quasi-parallel light beams 31 cooperate with each other to display a stereoscopic display effect.
  • the light deflection element 200 is a prism, for example, the light deflection element 200 is a triangular prism, as shown in FIG.
  • the combined optical device 1000 is emitted through the second surface 220 , so that the quasi-parallel light beam 31 is modulated by the Fresnel combined optical device 1000 to form the image plane 32 , so that the image plane 32 is inclined relative to the light emitting plane 30 .
  • the refractive indices of the Fresnel optical element 100 and the light deflecting element 200 in the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 are the same, and both have the same angle with the optical axis 33, that is, the angle between the prism surface 110 and the optical axis 33 is equal to The angle between the second surface 220 and the optical axis 33, the Fresnel optical element 100 and the light deflecting element 200 compensate each other so that the quasi-parallel beam 31 is equivalent to passing through an optical plate when passing through the Fresnel combination optical device 1000, so The propagation direction of the quasi-parallel beam 31 does not change.
  • the equivalent distance ⁇ (z) of the quasi-parallel light beam 31 passing through the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 is related to the thickness of the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 , the thicker the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 is, etc.
  • the degree of inclination of the image plane 32 is related to the refractive index of the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 and the angle between the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 and the optical axis 33 , when the angle of the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 and the optical axis 33 is larger, the , When the refractive index is higher, the degree of inclination of the image plane 32 is also greater.
  • the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 can modulate the light emitting plane 30 to emit the quasi-parallel light beam 31 through the cooperation of the Fresnel optical element 100 and the light deflecting element 200 to form a plurality of regions with different thicknesses, so that the quasi-parallel light beam 31 is in different The distances of the regions of the thickness are different, so that the image plane 32 can be tilted or distorted in sub-regions, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the shape of the image plane 32, thereby realizing the naked-eye three-dimensional display effect.
  • the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 can enable the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 to be applied to a vehicle head-up display (Head Up Display, HUD).
  • the light deflecting element 200 in the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 is a triangular prism as an example, and the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 is disposed between the light emitting plane 40 and the lens system 41 .
  • the light-emitting plane 40 is used to emit a quasi-parallel light beam that produces a flat image.
  • the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 covers a part of the light emitting plane 40 , that is, the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 modulates a part of the light beam emitted by the light emitting plane 40 .
  • the lens system 41 is used to turn the image generated by the light-emitting plane 40 into an enlarged virtual image 42. Since the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 covers a part of the light-emitting plane 40, the virtual image 42 appears corresponding to the virtual surface 42 of the covered part of the light-emitting plane 40.
  • the inclined image plane 420 of the virtual image 42 is formed after being enlarged by the lens system 41; on the contrary, the image plane corresponding to the uncovered part of the light emitting plane 40 of the virtual image 42 is consistent with the traditional imaging, and the virtual image 42 is formed after being enlarged by the lens system 41.
  • the inclined image plane 420 and the vertical image plane 421 can cooperate with each other to display the driving conditions, as shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 , for example, the vertical image plane 421 can display vehicle status information, and the inclined image plane 420 can display road navigation icons and For road condition information, etc., since the inclined image plane 420 is inclined, it can fit well with the road surface 43. When the road navigation icon and road condition information are displayed, the displayed image and the road can be integrated without parallax. Better display of content.
  • the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 can also realize the naked-eye stereoscopic display.
  • the first surface 210 includes a reflective surface 2010 and a bonding surface 2020 .
  • the angle between the reflective surface 2010 and the optical axis 73 of the quasi-parallel beam 70 is smaller than the angle between the bonding surface 2020 and the optical axis 73 of the quasi-parallel beam 70 .
  • the bonding surface 2020 is bonded to the plane 120 of the Fresnel optical element 100 , the reflecting surface 2010 is used to directly reflect a part of the quasi-parallel light beam 70 , and the prism surface 110 is used to reflect another part of the quasi-parallel light beam 70 .
  • the light-emitting plane 70 is used to emit a quasi-parallel light beam 71 that generates a plane image, the quasi-parallel light beam 71 is modulated by the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 to form a virtual image 72, and the quasi-parallel light beam 71 is modulated by the reflective surface 2010 to form the first virtual image surface of the virtual image 72 720 , the quasi-parallel light beam 71 is modulated by the prism surface 110 of the Fresnel optical element 100 to form a second virtual image surface 721 of the virtual image 72 .
  • the second virtual image surface 721 formed after the quasi-parallel beam 71 is modulated by the prism surface 110 should be in a position where the light-emitting plane 70 is symmetrical with respect to the prism surface 110, because the angle between the reflection surface 2010 and the optical axis 73 of the quasi-parallel beam 70 is smaller than The angle between the joint surface 2020 and the optical axis 73 of the quasi-parallel beam 70 , that is, the reflection surface 2010 and the prism surface 110 are inclined, therefore, the second virtual image surface 721 generated by the prism surface 110 and the first virtual image surface 720 generated by the reflecting surface 2010 appear The deflection changes the shape of the original plane image.
  • the virtual image 72 When the human eye views the virtual image 72 formed in the manner of FIG. 7 , the virtual image 72 creates the illusion of being placed far and near in space as shown in FIG. 8 , so that the naked-eye stereoscopic display can be realized.
  • the light deflection element 200 in the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 is a mirror, it can also be applied to a vehicle-mounted HUD.
  • the included angle between the reflective surface 2010 and the optical axis 73 of the quasi-parallel light beam 71 is 45 degrees, thereby helping to avoid the phenomenon of ghosting at the junction of the first virtual image surface 720 and the second virtual image surface 721, The imaging effect of the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 is improved.
  • the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 can also realize naked-eye stereoscopic display.
  • a plurality of regions with different thicknesses of the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 can be regarded as the sub-regions formed by the matched Fresnel optical element 100 and the light deflection element 200 in the above-mentioned embodiment are sufficiently arranged dense, so that the prism surface 110 and the second surface surface 2020 are both approximately free-form surfaces, and finally, the propagation direction of the light beam after passing through the Fresnel optical element 100 and the light deflecting element 200 can also remain unchanged, and the images of different areas have undergone different
  • the shape of the virtual image 81 formed by the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 on the light-emitting plane 80 is changed from the original light-emitting plane 80, and the plane image of the light-emitting plane 80 is changed into a curved image to
  • the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 can achieve the naked-eye stereoscopic display effect by forming a virtual image in the above-mentioned embodiments, and the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 can also achieve the naked-eye stereoscopic display effect by forming a real image.
  • a specific curved body 91 such as a building, a mountain, etc.
  • the curved body 91 is not a plane
  • the picture directly projected by the light-emitting plane 90 is different from the curved body 91 .
  • the position may be out of focus, resulting in poor display.
  • the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 can distort the plane image of the light-emitting plane 90 into a curved real image 92, and the real image 92 is then imaged on the curved body 91 through the lens system 93, so that the shape of the real image 92 is consistent with the shape of the curved body 91, As a result, a curved projection image with good focus everywhere is obtained, and a naked-eye stereoscopic display effect is realized.
  • the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 can design the surface shapes of the Fresnel optical element 100 and the light deflection element 200 according to a preset displayed curved surface. Please refer to FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 11 is an xyz coordinate system, in which the direction of the y-axis is perpendicular to the inward direction of the paper.
  • any two fixed values can determine the value of the other.
  • the values of x and y determine the value of z.
  • the values of z can be determined.
  • the preset displayed surface shape function z f can be designed according to the desired bending effect.
  • the Fresnel combined optical device 1000 is approximated as a flat plate, as shown in FIG. 12, In the case of paraxial approximation and small light cone angle, after the light beam emitted by the light-emitting plane 111 passes through the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 with a refractive index of n, the optical path of the light beam changes from the original L to L/n, and Fresnel
  • the position where the combined optical device 1000 forms the virtual image 112 is equivalent to moving forward by a distance of LL/n.
  • the z f value is a fixed value
  • z 2 L can also be identified, where L is the distance of z 2 from the prism face 110 at position (x,y).
  • the free-form surface lens 100' is then Fresnelized, as shown in FIG.
  • the surface function of the prism surface 110 of the Fresnel optical element 100 is mod((n/(nL))*f(x,y)-H0,T0), where mod is Modulo operation with T0 as the base, the value of T0 can be set according to the actual required thickness.
  • the function of changing the beam propagation direction of the Fresnel optical element 100 remains unchanged, and the distance of the beam is not changed, so the virtual image does not move back and forth.
  • the Fresnel combined optical device 1000 formed by the cooperation of the Fresnel optical element 100 and the light deflection element 200 can distort the original image displayed on the light-emitting plane into a curved surface, thereby realizing a stereoscopic naked-eye effect.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a stereoscopic display device (not shown).
  • the stereoscopic display device includes the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 in any of the above embodiments and a spatial light modulator (not shown).
  • the quasi-parallel light beam emitted by the spatial light modulator is modulated by the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 and then emitted.
  • the prism surface 110 of each Fresnel prism unit in the Fresnel optical element 100 and the surface of the second surface 220 of the light deflection element 200 Type matching, so that each Fresnel prism unit and its matched light deflecting element 200 form an optical flat panel unit, so that the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 is equivalent to an optical panel, so that the quasi-parallel beam can be maintained.
  • the deflection characteristics are basically the same, and the Fresnel combination optical device 1000 can also change the distance of the quasi-parallel beam through the refraction plane by adjusting the distance between the prism surface 110 and the second surface 220 at different positions, so that the quasi-parallel beam can be controlled.
  • the shape of the image surface can be controlled after being modulated by different positions of the Fresnel combination optical device 1000, for example, the image surface can be adjusted from a flat shape to a curved surface, so that the image surface viewed by the observer is a three-dimensional image surface, so as to realize the naked eye.
  • Plasma technology Compared with the holographic display technology, it does not need to use the method of beam interference to record the image and also realize the dynamic display. Plasma technology also does not require the plasmaization of the gas to provide strong laser energy, nor does it need to move and suspend one or more small scattering particles in the air compared to the technology of acoustic levitation.
  • the spatial light modulator is a liquid crystal display (Liquid Crystal Display, LCD) device, a liquid crystal on silicon (Liquid Crystal on Silicon, LCOS) device, a digital micromirror device (Digital Micromirror Device, DMD) and other devices any of the.
  • the spatial light modulator may be an LCD device or a DMD device; in the embodiment in which the stereoscopic display device is applied in a projector, the spatial light modulator may be an LCD device or an LCOS device or DMD devices.
  • the stereoscopic display device can be used as a stereoscopic video conversation device; when a part of the quasi-parallel beams is modulated by the Fresnel optical element 100, the stereoscopic display The device can be used as a HUD display device.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “fixed” and the like should be construed in a broad sense unless otherwise expressly specified or limited.
  • it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two components.
  • Communication can also be only surface contact, or a surface contact connection through an intermediate medium.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)

Abstract

一种菲涅尔组合光学器件（1000），用于调制准平行光束（31），包括菲涅尔光学元件（100）以及光线偏折元件（200）。菲涅尔光学元件（100）包括若干菲涅尔棱镜单元，菲涅尔棱镜单元包括相互背离的棱镜面（110）和平面（120），棱镜面（110）用于接收准平行光束（31）。光线偏折元件（200）包括第一表面（210）和第二表面（220），每个菲涅尔棱镜单元的平面（120）贴合于第一表面（210）设置，平面（120）所在的菲涅尔棱镜单元的棱镜面（110）与第二表面（220）的面型匹配，以使每个菲涅尔棱镜单元和与其所匹配的光线偏折元件（200）形成一光学平板单元，进而使得菲涅尔组合光学器件（1000）等效为光学面板，可以使准平行光束（31）经菲涅尔组合光学器件（1000）的不同位置调制后可以控制像面（32）的形状来实现裸眼立体显示效果。

Description

菲涅尔组合光学器件和立体显示装置 技术领域
本申请涉及立体显示技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种菲涅尔组合光学器件和立体显示装置。
背景技术
目前能够实现立体显示效果的技术大体可以分为两类，一种是需要佩戴特殊的眼镜的立体显示技术，另外一类则不需要佩戴额外的设备，被称之为裸眼立体显示。现有的裸眼立体显示有如下这些实现的方式。
双目视差立体显示，该技术与佩戴眼镜式的立体显示原理类似，都是通过人眼双目观察到的图像略有差别，通过双目视差来实现立体效果。与佩戴眼镜不同的是，裸眼立体显示需要通过特定的光学元件控制双目看到的画面不同，常见的技术有使用柱状透镜或栅格等结构在空间上产生左眼画面观察区和右眼画面观察区，让左右眼分别能看到不同像素对应的画面，这种方案是目前常见的裸眼立体显示方案，但缺点在于首先在空间上对空间光调制器做了切割，因此显示器的空间分辨率会有所下降，其次需要精确地器件对位才能实现左右眼画面的分离，并且观察者必须处于特定的位置上观察，才能获得预期的效果，一旦观察者偏离预设位置，很容易出现左右眼画面的交换，产生极强的眩晕感；此外双目视差看到的并不是真正的立体画面，而是两幅略有差别的平面画面，会有一部分观察者容易出现眩晕感。
全息显示，全息显示技术利用相干光干涉的技术记录物体的光学信息，可以完整的保留物体反射光的强度和相位信息，因此本质上记录了物体的立体信息。得到干涉记录的全息干板之后，再通过特定的光束照射全息干板， 恢复出物体反射的光束，就能够重现物体的立体形貌，得到裸眼立体显示的效果。这种技术需要使用到光束干涉的办法记录图像，因此很难实现动态画面，也没有大规模的商用。
Plasma技术，Plasma技术为使用激光束在空间中将空气等离子化也是一种裸眼立体的技术路线。通过将激光束汇聚，可以在空间特定的位置上得到能量很集中的激光束，当激光能量很强时，就可以将空气等离子化，激发起电弧火花，从而在特定位置上显示出一个亮点。通过快速的扫描激光束汇聚的位置，并调控是否激发等离子体，就可以在空间上扫描出一些炫富的电弧显示点阵，实现裸眼立体的效果。这种方案可以实现动态显示的效果，但将气体等离子化需要很强的激光能量，因此方案的成本和安全性上都存在一些问题。
还有一种裸眼立体显示的方案是通过声悬浮的技术，在空气中移动并悬浮一个或多个小的散射颗粒，再通过激光束的追踪，将光束时刻照射在散射颗粒上，这样就能通过移动散射颗粒在空气的不同位置上显示出画面来，进而实现裸眼立体。由于光束是散射的技术显示出来，所以光束的能量相较于plasma的方案可以小很多，而且可以实现彩色的显示。但在空气中移动并悬浮颗粒实现起来较为困难，暂时不能大规模商用。
发明内容
本申请实施方式提出了一种菲涅尔组合光学器件和立体显示装置，以解决上述技术问题。
本申请实施方式通过以下技术方案来实现上述目的。
第一方面，本申请实施方式提供一种菲涅尔组合光学器件，菲涅尔组合光学器件用于调制准平行光束。菲涅尔组合光学器件包括菲涅尔光学元件以及光线偏折元件。菲涅尔光学元件包括若干菲涅尔棱镜单元，菲涅尔棱镜单元包括相互背离的棱镜面和平面，棱镜面用于接收准平行光束。光线偏折元件包括第一表面和第二表面，每个菲涅尔棱镜单元的平面贴合于第一表面设 置，平面所在的菲涅尔棱镜单元的棱镜面与第二表面的面型匹配，以使每个菲涅尔棱镜单元和与其所匹配的光线偏折元件形成一光学平板单元，进而使得菲涅尔组合光学器件等效为光学面板，光线偏折元件的折射率与菲涅尔光学元件的折射率相同。
在一些实施方式中，第一表面贴合于平面设置，第二表面的面型函数为z 2，z 2至少存在两个数值，至少两个数值所在位置分别与棱镜面的间距不同。
在一些实施方式中，光线偏折元件为透射棱镜、自由曲面透镜或反射镜中的任一种。
在一些实施方式中，第一表面包括反射面和贴合面，反射面与准平行光束的光轴的夹角小于贴合面与准平行光束的光轴的夹角，贴合面与平面贴合，反射面用于直接反射一部分准平行光束，棱镜面用于反射另一部分准平行光束。
在一些实施方式中，反射面与准平行光束的光轴的夹角为45度。
在一些实施方式中，光线偏折元件接收经菲涅尔光学元件调制的准平行光束，并将准平行光束进行引导出射。
在一些实施方式中，光线偏折元件为自由曲面透镜，第二表面的面型函数z 2＝(n/(n-L))*f(x,y)，f(x,y)为预设显示的曲面面型函数，L为z 2在位置(x,y)与棱镜面的间距，n为光线偏折元件的折射率。
在一些实施方式中，第一表面的面型函数为z 1＝0。
在一些实施方式中，棱镜面的面型函数为mod((n/(n-L))*f(x,y)-H0,T0)，L为z 2与所述棱镜面的间距，H0大于或等于z 2的最大值，T0为预设值，mod为以T0为底的取模运算。
第二方面，本申请实施方式提供一种立体显示装置。立体显示装置包括上述任一实施方式的菲涅尔组合光学器件以及空间光调制器，空间光调制器发出的准平行光束经菲涅尔组合光学器件调制后出射。
在一些实施方式中，所述空间光调制器为液晶显示器件、硅基液晶显示器件、数字微镜器件中的任一种。
在一些实施方式中，准平行光束至少一部分经菲涅尔光学元件调制。
本申请实施方式提供的菲涅尔组合光学器件和立体显示装置在调制准平行光束的过程中，菲涅尔光学元件中的每个菲涅尔棱镜单元的棱镜面和光线偏折元件的第二表面的面型相匹配，使得每个菲涅尔棱镜单元和与其所匹配的光线偏折元件形成一光学平板单元，进而使得菲涅尔组合光学器件等效为光学面板，从而可以保持准平行光束的偏折特性基本一致，并且菲涅尔组合光学器件还可以通过调整棱镜面与第二表面在不同位置的间距来改变准平行光束经过折射平面的路程大小，从而可以控制准平行光束穿经菲涅尔组合光学器件的等效路程，由于菲涅尔组合光学器件的不同位置的等效路程会反映为像面中对应该位置的成像点的位置，有助于使得准平行光束经菲涅尔组合光学器件的不同位置调制后可以控制像面的形状，例如将像面从平面状调整为曲面状，使观察者观看到的像面为一个立体的像面，从而实现裸眼立体显示的效果，并且相对于双目视差立体显示技术对观察者没有位置和观察角度的要求，也不会导致观察者出现眩晕感，相对全息显示技术也不需要使用到光束干涉的办法记录图像也能实现动态显示画面，相对于Plasma技术也无需将气体等离子化提供很强的激光能量，相对于声悬浮的技术也无需在空气中移动并悬浮一个或多个小的散射颗粒。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施方式中的技术方案，下面将对实施方式描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施方式，对于本领域技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为菲涅尔透镜和普通透镜的对比示意图。
图2为光学器件的角放大效应示意图。
图3为本申请实施方式提供的菲涅尔组合光学器件的形成虚像的示意图。
图4为本申请另一实施方式提供的菲涅尔组合光学器件的形成虚像的示 意图。
图5为本申请实施方式提供的菲涅尔组合光学器件的场景应用示意图。
图6为本申请实施方式提供的菲涅尔组合光学器件的另一场景应用示意图。
图7为本申请另一实施方式提供的菲涅尔组合光学器件形成虚像的示意图。
图8为图7的菲涅尔组合光学器件形成的虚像的示意图。
图9为本申请又一实施方式提供的菲涅尔组合光学器件的形成虚像的示意图。
图10为本申请再一实施方式提供的菲涅尔组合光学器件的的场景应用示意图。
图11为本申请实施方式提供的菲涅尔组合光学器件的面型设计示意图。
图12为本申请另一实施方式提供的菲涅尔组合光学器件的面型设计示意图。
图13为本申请又一实施方式提供的菲涅尔组合光学器件的面型设计示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请方案，下面将结合本申请实施方式中的附图，对本申请实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施方式仅仅是本申请一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本申请中的实施方式，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请提供一种实现裸眼立体显示的菲涅尔组合光学器件。本申请的菲涅尔组合光学器件利用菲涅尔化的光学器件来实现，图1所示为普通透镜10与菲涅尔透镜11。由于传统的几何光学元件是通过界面的反射或者折射来实现对光束传播的控制，进而实现图像的折转、放大、缩小等操作。如果保留 界面的形状，但将其离散化，也能实现大致相同的效果。在图1的例子中将普通透镜10的界面进行离散化，可以得到菲涅尔透镜11，菲涅尔透镜11能实现与普通透镜10大致相同的效果，并且整体的厚度可以做的很薄，使得光束经过菲涅尔透镜11的边缘和中心时的路程差大致相同。因此，菲涅尔化的光学器件在实现类似的光束折转的效果时，也能够对光束的路程进行一定的设计与控制。
此外，本申请的菲涅尔组合光学器件考虑了光学器件的角放大效应。在使用透镜成像时，投影对于轴线上的放大率和垂直于轴线平面上的放大率并不相同，若物体本身就是倾斜的平面，则成像平面也是倾斜的，但倾角与物体有所不同。如图2所示，物体20经过透镜21成像得到像面22，透镜21在垂直于光轴23方向对物体20的放大倍数为a，则透镜21在轴向的放大倍数为a 2，物体20的倾角从原本的θ变为θ'，并且两者满足关系：tan(θ)＝a*tan(θ')。因此，当透镜21成放大的虚像时，像面22的法线与光轴的23夹角将会被放大。
基于上述光学器件的菲涅尔化原理和角放大效应，请参阅图3，本申请实施方式提供的菲涅尔组合光学器件1000用于调制准平行光束31，使得菲涅尔组合光学器件1000可以实现裸眼立体显示。
菲涅尔组合光学器件1000包括菲涅尔光学元件100以及光线偏折元件200。菲涅尔光学元件100包括若干菲涅尔棱镜单元，即菲涅尔棱镜单元的数量大于或等于两个。菲涅尔棱镜单元包括相互背离的棱镜面110和平面120，棱镜面110用于接收准平行光束31。光线偏折元件200包括第一表面210和第二表面220，每个菲涅尔棱镜单元的平面120贴合于第一表面210设置，平面120所在的菲涅尔棱镜单元的棱镜面110与第二表面220的面型匹配，以使每个菲涅尔棱镜单元和与其所匹配的光线偏折元件200形成一光学平板单元，进而使得菲涅尔组合光学器件等效为光学面板。光线偏折元件200的折射率与菲涅尔光学元件100的折射率相同。
本申请实施方式提供的菲涅尔组合光学器件1000在调制发光平面30发 出的准平行光束31的过程中，菲涅尔光学元件100中的每个菲涅尔棱镜单元的棱镜面110和光线偏折元件200的第二表面220的面型相匹配，使得每个菲涅尔棱镜单元和与其所匹配的光线偏折元件200形成一光学平板单元，进而使得菲涅尔组合光学器件1000等效为光学面板，从而可以保持准平行光束31的偏折特性基本一致，其中，该光学面板的棱镜面110可以为锯齿状的面且第二表面220为平面(如图3所示)，或者该光学面板的棱镜面110可以为锯齿状的面且第二表面220为异形结构面，例如为波纹状的面(如图8或图12所示)。
此外，菲涅尔组合光学器件1000还可以通过调整棱镜面110与第二表面220在不同位置的间距来改变准平行光束31经过折射平面的路程大小，从而可以控制准平行光束31穿经菲涅尔组合光学器件1000的位置z的等效路程Δ(z)＝L/n，其中，n为菲涅尔光学元件100的折射率；L为准平行光束31从位于棱镜面的位置z传播至第二表面220的路程，由于在通常的应用环境中，菲涅尔组合光学器件1000的光轴33垂直于发光平面30，如图3所示，即使菲涅尔组合光学器件1000的光轴33由于装配误差或制造误差等因素导致与发光平面30偏离90°，例如偏离的角度在0至10°范围内，准平行光束31也不会发生很大的偏折，因此准直光束31在菲涅尔组合光学器件1000实际传播的路程，故L也可以理解为菲涅尔组合光学器件1000的厚度。
由于菲涅尔组合光学器件1000的不同位置的等效路程Δ(z)会反映为像面中对应该位置的成像点的位置，例如位置z的等效路程Δ(z)会反映为像面32中对应位置z的成像点320的位置，而第二表面220的面型函数为z 2，z 2至少存在两个数值，该至少两个数值分别与棱镜面110的间距不同，例如第二表面220的面型函数为z 2，z 2包括若干数值，其中，z 2至少存在两个数值，该至少两个数值分别与棱镜面110的间距不同。其中，函数z 2可以包括第一数值和第二数值，第一数值所在位置与棱镜面110的间距可以为L1，第二数值所在位置与棱镜面110的间距可以为L2，并且L2≠L1，则像面32相对发光平面30的形状发生变化，进而使得准平行光束31经菲涅尔组合光学器件 1000调制后可以控制像面32的形状，例如将像面32从平面状调整为曲面状，使观察者观看到的像面为一个立体的像面32，从而实现裸眼立体显示的效果，并且对观察者没有位置和观察角度的要求，也不会导致观察者出现眩晕感，相对全息显示技术也不需要使用到光束干涉的办法记录图像也能实现动态显示画面，相对于Plasma技术也无需将气体等离子化提供很强的激光能量，相对于声悬浮的技术也无需在空气中移动并悬浮一个或多个小的散射颗粒。
上述的第一数值可以为函数z 2的最大值，也可以为函数z 2的最小值，也可以为函数z 2的最大值和最小值之间的任一数值；对应地，第二数值可以为函数z 2的最大值、函数z 2的最小值、函数z 2的最大值和最小值之间的任一数值等，且第二数值不等于第一数值，所以图3中的L1和L2仅作为一种示例性，并不表示L1和L2为图3中固定位置的大小。同样地，图3中位置z也仅作为一种示例性的位置。
菲涅尔光学元件100是指普通光学元件的界面进行菲涅尔化而得到的光学元件，本申请以菲涅尔光学元件100为菲涅尔棱镜作为例子进行说明，菲涅尔光学元件100的棱镜面110为普通光学元件的表面进行离散化后的界面。
光线偏折元件200可以为普通的光学器件，例如光线偏折元件200可以为反射镜或透镜，有助于菲涅尔组合光学器件1000可以根据应用于不同的装置而对光线偏折元件200的类型进行适应性的调整。例如当光线偏折元件200为透镜时，具体地，光线偏折元件200为透射式棱镜时，光线偏折元件200接收经菲涅尔光学元件100调制的准平行光束31，并将准平行光束31进行引导出射。又例如当光线偏折元件200为反射镜类型时，光线偏折元件200可以直接接收一部分的准平行光束31，使得光线偏折元件200成像出的像平面与菲涅尔光学元件100接收的另一部分准平行光束31后成像出的像平面相互配合显示出立体显示效果。
在一些实施方式中，光线偏折元件200为棱镜，例如光线偏折元件200为三棱镜，如图3所示，发光平面30发出准平行光束31，准平行光束31经 棱镜面110进入菲涅尔组合光学器件1000且经第二表面220出射，使得准平行光束31经菲涅尔组合光学器件1000调制形成像面32，使得像面32相对发光平面30产生了倾斜。
由于菲涅尔组合光学器件1000中的菲涅尔光学元件100和光线偏折元件200的折射率一致，并且两者与光轴33的角度均相同，即棱镜面110与光轴33的角度等于第二表面220与光轴33的角度，菲涅尔光学元件100和光线偏折元件200相互补偿使得准平行光束31穿过菲涅尔组合光学器件1000时等效于穿过一个光学平板，因此准平行光束31的传播方向没有发生变化。此外，由于准平行光束31穿过菲涅尔组合光学器件1000时的等效路程Δ(z)与菲涅尔组合光学器件1000的厚度有关，菲涅尔组合光学器件1000的厚度越厚，等效路程Δ(z)越长，则发光平面30形成的像面32距离发光平面30越远，因而菲涅尔光学元件100和光线偏折元件200配合形成的菲涅尔组合光学器件1000可以在不同的位置形成不同的厚度，使得不同位置上可以等效为不同厚度的光学平板，在较厚的位置处，发光平面30的发光点301与像面32的等效发光点320相隔较远；在较薄处的位置上，发光平面30的发光点301与像面32的等效发光点320相隔较近，从而可以实现通过调整菲涅尔组合光学器件1000在不同位置的厚度而使得像面32与原始发光平面30相比发生了倾斜。
由于像面32的倾斜程度与菲涅尔组合光学器件1000的折射率以及菲涅尔组合光学器件1000与光轴33的角度有关，当菲涅尔组合光学器件1000与光轴33的角度越大、折射率越高时，像面32倾斜的程度也越大。因此，菲涅尔组合光学器件1000可以通过菲涅尔光学元件100和光线偏折元件200的配合形成多个不同厚度的区域来调制发光平面30发出准平行光束31，使得准平行光束31在不同厚度的区域的路程不同，从而可以将像面32分区域的进行倾斜或扭曲，达到控制像面32的形状的目的，进而实现裸眼立体显示效果。
基于上述原理，利用菲涅尔组合光学器件1000得到倾斜的像面可以使 得菲涅尔组合光学器件1000应用于车载抬头显示(Head Up Display，HUD)。例如如图4所示，以菲涅尔组合光学器件1000中的光线偏折元件200为三棱镜作为例子，菲涅尔组合光学器件1000设置于发光平面40与透镜系统41之间。发光平面40用于发出产生平面图像的准平行光束。菲涅尔组合光学器件1000覆盖发光平面40的一部分，即菲涅尔组合光学器件1000调制一部分发光平面40发出的光束。透镜系统41用于将发光平面40产生的图像成为一个放大的虚像42，由于菲涅尔组合光学器件1000覆盖发光平面40的一部分，使得虚像42对应发光平面40被覆盖的部分的虚面42出现倾斜，并经过透镜系统41放大后形成虚像42的倾斜像面420；相对的，虚像42对应发光平面40未被覆盖的部分的像面和传统成像一致，并经过透镜系统41放大后形成虚像42的竖直像面421。倾斜像面420和竖直像面421可以相互配合来显示行驶状况，如图5和图6所示，例如竖直像面421可以显示汽车状况信息等，倾斜像面420可以显示路面导航图标和路况信息等，由于倾斜像面420是倾斜的，因此可以与路面43进行很好的贴合，在显示路面导航图标和路况信息的时候，能够实现显示的画面和道路的融合且没有存在视差，更好地展示了内容。
在一些实施方式中，光线偏折元件200为反射镜也可以使得菲涅尔组合光学器件1000实现裸眼立体显示。例如如图7所示，第一表面210包括反射面2010和贴合面2020，反射面2010与准平行光束70的光轴73的夹角小于贴合面2020与准平行光束70的光轴73的夹角，贴合面2020与菲涅尔光学元件100的平面120贴合，反射面2010用于直接反射一部分准平行光束70，棱镜面110用于反射另一部分准平行光束70。
发光平面70用于发出产生平面图像的准平行光束71，准平行光束71经菲涅尔组合光学器件1000调制形成虚像72，准平行光束71通过反射面2010的调制形成虚像72的第一虚像面720，准平行光束71通过菲涅尔光学元件100的棱镜面110的调制形成虚像72的第二虚像面721。反射面2010所形成的第一虚像面720与发光平面40到反射面2010的距离是相等的，棱镜面 110所形成的第二虚像面721与发光平面40到棱镜面110的距离也是相等的，因此，准平行光束71经过棱镜面110调制后形成的第二虚像面721应当处于发光平面70关于棱镜面110对称的位置，由于反射面2010与准平行光束70的光轴73的夹角小于贴合面2020与准平行光束70的光轴73的夹角，即反射面2010与棱镜面110倾斜，因此，棱镜面110产生的第二虚像面721与反射面2010产生的第一虚像面720出现偏折，改变了原始平面图像的形状，在人眼观看如图7方式所形成的虚像72时，虚像72让人眼产生如图8所示的空间远近放置的错觉，从而可以实现裸眼立体显示效果，使得菲涅尔组合光学器件1000中的光线偏折元件200为反射镜的情况下也可以应用于车载HUD。
在一些实施方式中，反射面2010与准平行光束71的光轴73的夹角为45度，从而有助于避免第一虚像面720和第二虚像面721的交界处出现重影的现象，提高了菲涅尔组合光学器件1000的成像效果。
在一些实施方式中，光线偏折元件200为自由曲面透镜也可以使得菲涅尔组合光学器件1000实现裸眼立体显示。例如如图9所示，菲涅尔组合光学器件1000的多个不同厚度的区域可以看作上述实施方式中配合的菲涅尔光学元件100和光线偏折元件200形成的分区域排布得足够密集，使得棱镜面110与第二表表面2020均近似为自由曲面，最终同样能够使光束经过菲涅尔光学元件100和光线偏折元件200之后传播方向不变，且不同区域的图像经过了不同的路程差，使得发光平面80经菲涅尔组合光学器件1000形成的虚像81的形状与原发光平面80发生了变化，将发光平面80的平面图像变化为曲面图像，达到裸眼立体显示效果。
在一些实施方式中，菲涅尔组合光学器件1000除了上述实施方式中形成虚像的方式来达到裸眼立体显示效果，菲涅尔组合光学器件1000还可以通过形成实像的方式来达到裸眼立体显示效果。例如如图10所示，当需要在特定的曲面体91(例如在建筑物、山体等)投射画面时，由于曲面体91不是一个平面，发光平面90直接投射出的画面在曲面体91的不同位置处可能 出现虚焦的情况，导致显示效果较差。菲涅尔组合光学器件1000可以将发光平面90的平面图像扭曲为一个曲面的实像92，实像92再通过透镜系统93成像在曲面体91，可以使得实像92的形状与曲面体91的形状一致，从而得到处处都合焦良好的曲面投影画面，实现了裸眼立体显示效果。
在一些实施方式中，菲涅尔组合光学器件1000可以根据预设显示的曲面来设计菲涅尔光学元件100和光线偏折元件200的面型。请结合图11，图11为xyz坐标系，其中，y轴的方向为垂直于纸面向里的方向。例如发光平面显示的原始图像为平面，假定原始图像的面型函数为z0＝0，则表示原始图像处于z 0＝0的平面；预设显示的曲面面型函数为z f＝f(x,y)，则表示预设显示的曲面在坐标(x,y)处的位置，也可以理解为预设显示的曲面在坐标(x,y)处相对于原始图像所在的平面突出的高度。在该坐标系中，任意两个定值可以确定另一个的值，例如x和y的值决定z的值，当x，y在坐标系中的位置确定后，则z的值即可确定。预设显示的曲面面型函数z f可以根据所需的弯曲效果进行设计。
对于光线偏折元件200来说，由于光线偏折元件200与菲涅尔光学元件100的折射率相同且均为n，若将菲涅尔组合光学器件1000近似为平板，如图12所示，在傍轴近似、小光锥角的情况下，发光平面111发出的光束经过折射率为n的菲涅尔组合光学器件1000后，光束的光程从原来的L变为L/n，菲涅尔组合光学器件1000形成虚像112的位置相当于前移了L-L/n的距离。因此，若将原始图像z 0＝0调整为预设显示的曲面z f＝f(x,y)，就需要原始图像中处于(x,y)平面上的各点的虚像前移f(x,y)的距离，则光线偏折元件200在(x,y)处的厚度z 2需要满足z 2-z 2/n＝z f，因此光线偏折元件200的第二表面220的面型函数为z 2＝(n/(n-L))*f(x,y)，如图11所示，即根据上述的预设显示的曲面函数z f＝f(x,y)，在确定了预设显示图像的x，y值后，z f值为定值，则可以根据公式z 2-z 2/n＝z f确定出第二表面220的曲面高度(厚度)z 2，继而根据z 2也能够确认出L，其中L为z 2在位置(x,y)与棱镜面110的间距。另外，为了保证光线偏折元件200的厚度为z 2，则第一表面210的面型函数为z 1＝z 0＝0。
对于菲涅尔光学元件100来说，需要保证光束经过光线偏折元件200后的传播方向不发生改变，在傍轴近似、小光锥角的情况下，可以在光线偏折元件200的第一表面210贴合另一个与光线偏折元件200互补的自由曲面透镜100’，如图11所示，使得两个互补的自由曲面透镜组合后的厚度在任意的位置都是定值，两个互补的自由曲面透镜近似于一个被扭曲了的平板，在光束穿过菲涅尔组合光学器件1000的任意位置z处后也不会改变光束的传播方向。因此，该自由曲面透镜100’的面型函数为z 3＝(n/(n-L))*f(x,y)-H0，由于本实施方式中将z 0设置为0，为保证z 3不影响z 2的最大值，故将z 3自z 2的位置相对z 2沿z轴进行偏移，使z 3的最小偏移量大于或等于z 2的最大值，故H0可以看作为z 3相对z 2的偏移量，其中H0大于或等于z 2的最大值。此外，由于本实施方式中将z 3相对z 2沿z轴的负方向进行偏移，为保证|z 2|+|z 3|＝H0，故z 3＝z 2-H0。其他实施方式中，若将z 3相对z 2沿z轴的正方向进行偏移，则z 3＝z 2+H0。
在确定了该自由曲面透镜100’的面型函数后，然后再将该自由曲面透镜100’进行菲涅尔化，如图13所示，使该自由曲面透镜100’近似变成一层薄膜并作为菲涅尔光学元件100，因此，菲涅尔光学元件100的棱镜面110的面型函数为mod((n/(n-L))*f(x,y)-H0,T0)，其中mod为以T0为底的取模运算，T0的取值可以根据实际所需的厚度进行设定。此时，与进行菲涅尔化前的自由曲面透镜相比，菲涅尔光学元件100的改变光束传播方向的功能保持不变，并且没有改变光束的路程，因此不会使虚像发生前后移动。最终菲涅尔光学元件100和光线偏折元件200相互配合形成的菲涅尔组合光学器件1000可以使发光平面显示的原始图像扭曲为曲面，从而实现了立体裸眼效果。
本申请实施方式提供一种立体显示装置(图未示)。立体显示装置包括上述任一实施方式的菲涅尔组合光学器件1000以及空间光调制器(图未示)，空间光调制器发出的准平行光束经菲涅尔组合光学器件1000调制后出射。
本申请实施方式提供的立体显示装置在调制准平行光束的过程中，菲涅尔光学元件100中的每个菲涅尔棱镜单元的棱镜面110和光线偏折元件200 的第二表面220的面型相匹配，使得每个菲涅尔棱镜单元和与其所匹配的光线偏折元件200形成一光学平板单元，进而使得菲涅尔组合光学器件1000等效为光学面板，从而可以保持准平行光束的偏折特性基本一致，并且菲涅尔组合光学器件1000还可以通过调整棱镜面110与第二表面220在不同位置的间距来改变准平行光束经过折射平面的路程大小，从而可以控制准平行光束穿经菲涅尔组合光学器件1000的等效路程，由于菲涅尔组合光学器件1000的不同位置的等效路程会反映为像面中对应该位置的成像点的位置，有助于使得准平行光束经菲涅尔组合光学器件1000的不同位置调制后可以控制像面的形状，例如将像面从平面状调整为曲面状，使观察者观看到的像面为一个立体的像面，从而实现裸眼立体显示的效果，并且对观察者没有位置和观察角度的要求，也不会导致观察者出现眩晕感，相对全息显示技术也不需要使用到光束干涉的办法记录图像也能实现动态显示画面，相对于Plasma技术也无需将气体等离子化提供很强的激光能量，相对于声悬浮的技术也无需在空气中移动并悬浮一个或多个小的散射颗粒。
在一些实施方式中，空间光调制器为液晶显示(Liquid Crystal Display，LCD)器件、硅基液晶显示(Liquid Crystal on Silicon，LCOS)器件、数字微镜器件(Digital Micromirror Device，DMD)等器件中的任一种。例如在立体显示装置应用于车载HUD的实施方式中，空间光调制器可以为LCD器件或DMD器件；在立体显示装置应用于投影仪的实施方式中，空间光调制器可以为LCD器件或LCOS器件或DMD器件。
在一些实施方式中，准平行光束至少一部分经菲涅尔光学元件100调制。例如当准平行光束全部经菲涅尔光学元件100调制的情况下，立体显示装置可以作为立体视频会话装置进行使用；当准平行光束的一部分经菲涅尔光学元件100调制的情况下，立体显示装置可以作为HUD显示装置进行使用。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定或限定，术语“安装”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解。例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接连接，也可以 通过中间媒介间接相连，也可以是两个元件内部的连通，也可以是仅为表面接触，或者通过中间媒介的表面接触连接。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为特指或特殊结构。术语“一些实施方式”、“其他实施方式”等的描述意指结合该实施方式或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本实用新型的至少一个实施方式或示例中。在本申请中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施方式或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施方式或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本申请中描述的不同实施方式或示例以及不同实施方式或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
以上实施方式仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施方式对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施方式所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施方式技术方案的精神和范围，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种菲涅尔组合光学器件，其特征在于，用于调制准平行光束，所述菲涅尔组合光学器件包括：
    菲涅尔光学元件，包括若干菲涅尔棱镜单元，所述菲涅尔棱镜单元包括相互背离的棱镜面和平面，所述棱镜面用于接收所述准平行光束；以及
    光线偏折元件，包括第一表面和第二表面，每个所述菲涅尔棱镜单元的平面贴合于所述第一表面设置，所述平面所在的菲涅尔棱镜单元的所述棱镜面与所述第二表面的面型匹配，以使每个所述菲涅尔棱镜单元和与其所匹配的所述光线偏折元件形成一光学平板单元，进而使得所述菲涅尔组合光学器件等效为光学面板，所述光线偏折元件的折射率与所述菲涅尔光学元件的折射率相同。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的菲涅尔组合光学器件，其特征在于，所述第二表面的面型函数为z 2，z 2至少存在两个数值，所述至少两个数值所在位置分别与所述棱镜面的间距不同。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的菲涅尔组合光学器件，其特征在于，所述光线偏折元件为透射棱镜、自由曲面透镜或反射镜中的任一种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的菲涅尔组合光学器件，其特征在于，所述第一表面包括反射面和贴合面，所述反射面与所述准平行光束的光轴的夹角小于所述贴合面与所述准平行光束的光轴的夹角，所述贴合面与所述平面贴合，所述反射面用于直接反射一部分所述准平行光束，所述棱镜面用于反射另一部分所述准平行光束。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的菲涅尔组合光学器件，其特征在于，所述反射面与所述准平行光束的光轴的夹角为45度。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的菲涅尔组合光学器件，其特征在于，所述光线偏折元件接收经所述菲涅尔光学元件调制的所述准平行光束，并将所述准平行光束进行引导出射。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的菲涅尔组合光学器件，其特征在于，所述光线偏折元件为自由曲面透镜，所述第二表面的面型函数z 2＝(n/(n-L))*f(x,y)，f(x,y)为预设显示的曲面面型函数，L为z 2在位置(x,y)与所述棱镜面的间距，n为所述光线偏折元件的折射率。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的菲涅尔组合光学器件，其特征在于，所述第一表面的面型函数为z 1＝0。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的菲涅尔组合光学器件，其特征在于，所述棱镜面的面型函数为mod((n/(n-L))*f(x,y)-H0,T0)，H0大于或等于z 2的最大值，T0为预设值，mod为以T0为底的取模运算。
  10. 一种立体显示装置，其特征在于，包括：
    权利要求1至9任一项所述的菲涅尔组合光学器件；以及
    空间光调制器，所述空间光调制器发出的所述准平行光束经所述菲涅尔组合光学器件调制后出射。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的立体显示装置，其特征在于，所述空间光调制器为液晶显示器件、硅基液晶显示器件、数字微镜器件中的任一种。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的立体显示装置，其特征在于，所述准平行光束至少一部分经所述菲涅尔光学元件调制。
PCT/CN2021/110404 2020-08-03 2021-08-03 菲涅尔组合光学器件和立体显示装置 Ceased WO2022028438A1 (zh)

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