WO2022028370A1 - 一种传输物理层协议数据单元的方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种传输物理层协议数据单元的方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2022028370A1
WO2022028370A1 PCT/CN2021/110082 CN2021110082W WO2022028370A1 WO 2022028370 A1 WO2022028370 A1 WO 2022028370A1 CN 2021110082 W CN2021110082 W CN 2021110082W WO 2022028370 A1 WO2022028370 A1 WO 2022028370A1
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ltf2x80m
sequence
ltf
ppdu
papr
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PCT/CN2021/110082
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁丹丹
杨洋
杨讯
类先富
淦明
唐小虎
林伟
李兰平
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to BR112023002081A priority Critical patent/BR112023002081A2/pt
Publication of WO2022028370A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022028370A1/zh
Priority to US18/105,383 priority patent/US20230179461A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/261—Details of reference signals
    • H04L27/2613—Structure of the reference signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2614—Peak power aspects

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for transmitting physical layer protocol data units.
  • channel estimation is required in the coherent detection of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • the 802.11ax standard has been difficult to meet in terms of high throughput, low jitter, and low latency. User needs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop next-generation WLAN technologies, such as the IEEE 802.11be standard or the extremely high throughput (EHT) standard or the Wi-Fi7 standard.
  • next-generation WLAN technologies such as the IEEE 802.11be standard or the extremely high throughput (EHT) standard or the Wi-Fi7 standard.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a method and apparatus for transmitting physical layer protocol data units, which are used to provide a lower PAPR on the entire bandwidth, on a single resource block, on a combined resource block, and considering multi-stream scenarios the sequence of.
  • a method for transmitting a physical layer protocol data unit comprising: generating a physical layer protocol data unit PPDU, the PPDU including a long training field LTF sequence; and sending the PPDU.
  • a method for transmitting a physical layer protocol data unit including: receiving a PPDU; and parsing the received PPDU to obtain a long training field LTF sequence included in the PPDU.
  • the LTF sequence of 80MHz 2x is:
  • the LTF sequence of 160MHz 2x is:
  • LTF2x80M_part1 LTF2x80M_1(1:242);
  • LTF2x80M_part2 LTF2x80M_1(243:484)
  • LTF2x80M_part3 LTF2x80M_1(485:517);
  • LTF2x80M_part4 LTF2x80M_1(518:759);
  • LTF2x80M_part5 LTF2x80M_1(760:1001);
  • LTF2x80M_1 is a sequence obtained by removing the leftmost 12 0s and the rightmost 11 0s in sequence six in the specific implementation manner of the description.
  • the LTF sequence of 240MHz 2x is:
  • the LTF sequence of 320MHz 2x is:
  • LTF2x80M_part1 LTF2x80M_2(1:242);
  • LTF2x80M_part2 LTF2x80M_2(243:484)
  • LTF2x80M_part3 LTF2x80M_2(485:517);
  • LTF2x80M_part4 LTF2x80M_2(518:759);
  • LTF2x80M_part5 LTF2x80M_2(760:1001);
  • LTF2x80M_2 is a sequence obtained by removing the leftmost 12 0s and the rightmost 11 0s from sequence 7 in the specific implementation manner of the specification.
  • the LTF sequence of 80MHz 4x is:
  • the sequence provided by the embodiments of the present application considers the PAPR in the multi-stream scenario, the PAPR value on a single resource unit (resource unit, RU) is low, the PAPR value on the combined RU is low, and the PAPR on the entire bandwidth is low value is also lower.
  • resource unit resource unit
  • an apparatus for transmitting a physical layer protocol data unit is provided, where the apparatus is configured to execute the method provided in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the apparatus includes a unit for performing the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the apparatus includes:
  • a processing unit configured to generate a physical layer protocol data unit PPDU, the PPDU includes a long training field LTF sequence;
  • a transceiver unit configured to send the PPDU.
  • an apparatus for transmitting a physical layer protocol data unit is provided, where the apparatus is configured to execute the method provided in the second aspect and any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • the apparatus may include means for performing the second aspect and any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • a transceiver unit is configured to receive a PPDU; and a processing unit is configured to parse the received PPDU to obtain a long training field LTF sequence included in the PPDU.
  • the LTF sequence of 80MHz 2x is:
  • the LTF sequence of 160MHz 2x is:
  • LTF2x80M_part1 LTF2x80M_1(1:242);
  • LTF2x80M_part2 LTF2x80M_1(243:484)
  • LTF2x80M_part3 LTF2x80M_1(485:517);
  • LTF2x80M_part4 LTF2x80M_1(518:759);
  • LTF2x80M_part5 LTF2x80M_1(760:1001);
  • LTF2x80M_1 is a sequence obtained by removing the leftmost 12 0s and the rightmost 11 0s in sequence six in the specific implementation manner of the description.
  • the LTF sequence of 240MHz 2x is:
  • the LTF sequence of 320MHz 2x is:
  • LTF2x80M_part1 LTF2x80M_2(1:242);
  • LTF2x80M_part2 LTF2x80M_2(243:484)
  • LTF2x80M_part3 LTF2x80M_2(485:517);
  • LTF2x80M_part4 LTF2x80M_2(518:759);
  • LTF2x80M_part5 LTF2x80M_2(760:1001);
  • LTF2x80M_2 is a sequence obtained by removing the leftmost 12 0s and the rightmost 11 0s from sequence 7 in the specific implementation manner of the specification.
  • the LTF sequence of 80MHz 4x is:
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus for transmitting a physical layer protocol data unit, the apparatus includes a processor and a transceiver that is internally connected and communicated with the processor; the processor is configured to generate a physical layer protocol data unit PPDU, the PPDU includes a long training field LTF sequence; the transceiver is used to transmit the PPDU.
  • the apparatus for transmitting physical layer protocol data units provided in the fifth aspect is used to execute the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect here No longer.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus for transmitting physical layer protocol data units, the apparatus includes a processor and a transceiver that is internally connected and communicated with the processor; the transceiver is configured to receive PPDUs; the processing The controller is configured to parse the received PPDU to obtain the long training field LTF sequence included in the PPDU.
  • the apparatus for transmitting physical layer protocol data units provided in the sixth aspect is used to execute the second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • the second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect here No longer.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a device for transmitting physical layer protocol data units, the device includes a processing circuit and an output interface that is internally connected and communicated with the processing circuit, and the processing circuit is configured to generate physical layer protocol data unit PPDU, the PPDU includes a long training field LTF sequence; the output interface is used for sending the PPDU.
  • the device for transmitting physical layer protocol data units provided in the seventh aspect is used to execute the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect here No longer.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus for transmitting a physical layer protocol data unit, the apparatus includes a processing circuit and an input interface that is internally connected and communicated with the processing circuit, and the input interface is used to receive PPDUs; the The processing circuit is configured to parse the received PPDU to obtain a long training field LTF sequence included in the PPDU.
  • the apparatus for transmitting physical layer protocol data units provided in the eighth aspect is used to execute the second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • the second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect here No longer.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program, where the computer program includes instructions for executing the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program, where the computer program includes instructions for executing the foregoing second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program, where the computer program includes instructions for executing the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program, where the computer program includes instructions for executing the second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system applicable to the method of the embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2a is an internal structure diagram of an access point suitable for an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2b is an internal structure diagram of a site suitable for the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a tone plan of 80 MHz in 802.11ax applicable to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a tone plan of 80 MHz in 802.11be applicable to an embodiment of the present application
  • 5 is a schematic diagram of a sequence of 1x, 2x, and 4x modes applicable to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a generative adversarial network GAN applicable to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a DNN applicable to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a PPDU transmission applicable to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for transmitting PPDUs applicable to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for transmitting PPDUs applicable to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the IEEE 802.11ax standard further adopts the orthogonal frequency division multiple access (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) based on the existing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology.
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA technology is a combination of OFDM and FDMA technology, a technology suitable for multi-user access. Since OFDM technology is generally used in unidirectional broadcast channels, and most practical communication systems support concurrent multi-user communication, on the basis of OFDM technology, each user is allocated one or several groups of sub-carriers by assigning one or several groups of sub-carriers. group, a new multiple access technology OFDMA is obtained.
  • OFDMA divides a physical channel into multiple resource blocks, each resource block includes multiple subcarriers (subchannels), and each user can occupy one resource block for transmission. Therefore, multiple users can transmit in parallel, which reduces the time overhead and collision probability of multi-user competitive access.
  • OFDMA technology because the subcarriers overlap each other, the spectrum utilization rate is greatly improved, and the multipath interference can be effectively resisted. , resisting inter-carrier interference, and the receiver equalization is simple. OFDMA technology supports multiple nodes to transmit and receive data at the same time, thereby achieving multi-site diversity gain.
  • next-generation WLAN technologies such as the IEEE 802.11be standard or the extremely high throughput (EHT) standard or Wi-Fi -Fi7 standard to address the above extreme performance requirements.
  • EHT extremely high throughput
  • Wi-Fi -Fi7 Wi-Fi -Fi7
  • IEEE 802.11be continues the OFDMA transmission method used in 802.11ax. Different from 802.11ax, 802.11ax uses a maximum bandwidth of 160MHz, while 802.11be will use ultra-large bandwidths of 240MHz and 320MHz to achieve ultra-high transmission rates and support ultra-dense user scenarios.
  • OFDM adopts frequency domain equalization technology, so the accuracy of channel estimation has a great impact on communication performance.
  • OFDM system has the disadvantage of high PAPR, especially in large bandwidth, more sub-carriers lead to more serious problems PAPR, a high PAPR will cause nonlinear distortion of the signal and degrade system performance.
  • OFDMA technology is evolved from OFDM technology, it inevitably inherits the characteristics of higher PAPR of OFDM technology. Therefore, in OFDMA system, LTF sequence design still takes PAPR as an important consideration.
  • the resource block distribution (tone plan) and pilot positions in the 802.11be standard are different from those in the 802.11ax standard. If the 802.11ax80MHz LTF is directly applied to the 802.11be standard, the PAPR value of the LTF sequence on some resource blocks is relatively high, and the PAPR value on some resource blocks is already greater than the average value of the PAPR of the data part. On the other hand, due to the introduction of combined RU in 802.11be, some sequences, even if the PAPR value on a single RU is low, the PAPR value on the combined RU may be relatively high. Understandably, combining RUs refers to combining multiple RUs and assigning them to one STA.
  • each RU includes the location of the data subcarriers and the location of the pilot subcarriers for that RU. Therefore, in order to make the channel estimation more accurate, in IEEE 802.11be, the channel estimation sequence LTF with low PAPR needs to be redesigned.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for designing an LTF sequence and a method for transmitting a physical layer protocol data unit PPDU.
  • the LTF sequence in the embodiment of the present application considers multiple LTF sequences in a multi-stream scenario, and on a single RU , the PAPR over the combined RU, and the PAPR value over the entire bandwidth.
  • system architecture of the method for transmitting PPDUs provided by the embodiments of the present application. It is understandable that the system architecture described in the embodiments of the present application is to more clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application.
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • GSM global system of mobile communication
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • WCDMA wideband code division multiple access
  • GPRS general packet radio service
  • LTE long term evolution
  • FDD Frequency division duplex
  • TDD time division duplex
  • UMTS universal mobile telecommunication system
  • WiMAX worldwide interoperability for microwave access
  • wireless local area network wireless local area network, WLAN
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • a WLAN may include one or more basic service sets (basic service sets, BSSs), and network nodes in the basic service sets include access points (access points, APs) and stations (stations, STAs).
  • BSSs basic service sets
  • APs access points
  • STAs stations
  • the scenario system shown in FIG. 1 may be a WLAN system.
  • the WLAN system in FIG. 1 may include one or more APs and one or more STAs.
  • FIG. 1 takes one AP and three STAs as an example.
  • Wireless communication between APs and STAs can be performed through various standards. For example, single-user multiple-input multiple-output (SU-MIMO) technology or multi-users multiple-input multiple-output (MU) can be used between the AP and the STA.
  • SU-MIMO single-user multiple-input multiple-output
  • MU multi-users multiple-input multiple-output
  • -MIMO technology for wireless communication.
  • FIG. 1 is only a schematic diagram, and the method for transmitting PPDUs provided in this embodiment of the present application can be applied not only to a scenario in which an AP communicates with one or more STAs, but also to a scenario in which an AP communicates with an AP. Communication scenarios between STAs and STAs.
  • the method for transmitting PPDU in this application may be implemented by a communication device in a wireless communication system or a chip or processor in the communication device.
  • the communication device may be an access point (AP) device or a station (station, STA) device; the communication device may also be a wireless communication device that supports parallel transmission of multiple links, for example, the communication device may It is called a multi-link device or a multi-band device. Compared with communication devices that only support single-link transmission, multi-link devices have higher transmission efficiency and greater throughput.
  • the access point is a device with wireless communication function, supports communication using the WLAN protocol, and has the function of communicating with other devices (such as stations or other access points) in the WLAN network. Of course, it can also have The ability to communicate with other devices.
  • an access point may be referred to as an access point station (AP STA).
  • the device with wireless communication function can be a complete device, or a chip or a processing system installed in the complete device. The device with these chips or processing system installed can be controlled by the chip or the processing system.
  • the AP in this embodiment of the present application is a device that provides services for the STA, and can support the 802.11 series of protocols.
  • the AP can be a communication entity such as a communication server, router, switch, and bridge; the AP can include various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations, relay stations, etc.
  • the AP can also be the chips and processing devices in these various forms of equipment. system, so as to implement the methods and functions of the embodiments of the present application.
  • AP is also known as wireless access point or hotspot or bridge etc.
  • AP can access server or wireless network.
  • APs are access points for mobile users to access wired networks. They are mainly deployed in homes, buildings, and campuses, and can also be deployed outdoors.
  • AP is equivalent to a bridge connecting wired network and wireless network. Its main function is to connect various wireless network clients together, and then connect the wireless network to Ethernet.
  • the AP may be a terminal device or a network device with a wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, WiFi) chip.
  • the AP may be a device supporting multiple WLAN standards such as 802.11.
  • Figure 2a shows an internal structure diagram of an AP product, wherein the AP can be multi-antenna or single-antenna.
  • the AP includes a physical layer (PHY) processing circuit and a media access control (MAC) processing circuit.
  • the physical layer processing circuit can be used to process physical layer signals
  • the MAC layer processing circuit can be used to Process MAC layer signals.
  • a station is a device with wireless communication function, supports communication using a WLAN protocol, and has the ability to communicate with other stations or access points in the WLAN network.
  • a station can be referred to as a non-access point station (non-access point station, non-AP STA).
  • STA is any user communication device that allows the user to communicate with the AP and then communicate with the WLAN.
  • the device with wireless communication function can be a complete device, or a chip or a processing system installed in the complete device. The devices on which these chips or processing systems are installed may implement the methods and functions of the embodiments of the present application under the control of the chips or processing systems.
  • the STA may be a tablet computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, an Ultra-mobile Personal Computer (UMPC), a handheld computer, a netbook, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a mobile phone, etc.
  • a site may also be referred to as a system, subscriber unit, access terminal, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, user device, or user equipment (user equipment, UE).
  • the STA may be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless local area network ( For example, a Wi-Fi) communication capable handheld device, wearable device, computing device, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem.
  • SIP session initiation protocol
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • Wi-Fi wireless local area network
  • FIG. 2b shows a structure diagram of a STA with a single antenna.
  • a STA may also have multiple antennas, and may be a device with more than two antennas.
  • the STA may include a physical layer (PHY) processing circuit and a media access control (media access control, MAC) processing circuit.
  • the physical layer processing circuit may be used to process physical layer signals, and the MAC layer processing circuit may use for processing MAC layer signals.
  • All wireless communication signals have a limited bandwidth.
  • the bandwidth can be divided into multiple frequency components according to certain frequency intervals within the channel bandwidth, and these components are called subcarriers.
  • the subcarriers of the subcarriers are consecutive integers, wherein the subcarriers with the subscript 0 correspond to the DC component, the subcarrier with the negative subcarrier corresponds to the frequency component lower than the DC, and the subcarrier with the positive subscript corresponds to the frequency higher than the DC. frequency components.
  • Resource block distribution can also be understood as the distribution of sub-carriers carrying data, and different channel bandwidths can correspond to different tone plans.
  • the AP divides the spectrum bandwidth into several resource units (RUs).
  • the IEEE 802.11ax protocol specifies that the spectrum bandwidths of 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz and 160MHz are divided into multiple types of resource blocks.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a tone plan of 80 MHz in 802.11ax provided by an embodiment of the present application, including 36 resource units (RUs) 26, or including 16 RUs 52, or including 8 RUs 106, or including 4 RU242, or including 2 RU484, or including 1 RU996 and 5 DC sub-carriers.
  • 802.11be expands the bandwidth from 160MHz to 240MHz and 320MHz.
  • 240MHz can be regarded as the direct splicing of 3 11be 80MHz subcarriers
  • 320MHz can be regarded as the direct splicing of 4 11be 80MHz subcarriers.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a tone plan of 80 MHz in 802.11be provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the 80MHz bandwidth of 802.11be includes 36 RU26, or includes 16 RU52, or includes 8 RU106, or includes 4 RU242, or includes 2 RU484 and 5 DC subcarriers/null subcarriers (that is, two 489 , each 489 includes one RU484 and 5 DC sub-carriers/null sub-carriers), or includes 1 RU996 and 5 DC sub-carriers.
  • the RU26 may refer to a resource unit composed of 26 subcarriers. It is also understandable that the 26 subcarriers may be continuous or discontinuous. Similarly, RU52 may refer to a resource unit composed of 52 subcarriers, RU106 may refer to a resource unit composed of 106 subcarriers, RU242 may refer to a resource unit composed of 242 subcarriers, and so on.
  • the pilot distributions of the tone plan shown in FIG. 3 and the tone plan shown in FIG. 4 are also different.
  • the following Tables 1-6 introduce the pilot distribution of the tone plan shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the data packets of multiple users are composed of RUs of various sizes, and one RU can be allocated to each user.
  • the optional RUs that may be allocated to users are as follows:
  • RU composed of 26 consecutive subcarriers, including: 24 data subcarriers and 2 pilot subcarriers;
  • RU composed of 242 consecutive sub-carriers, including: 234 data sub-carriers and 8 pilot sub-carriers;
  • RU composed of 484 consecutive sub-carriers, including: 468 data sub-carriers and 16 pilot sub-carriers;
  • An RU composed of 996 consecutive subcarriers includes: 980 data subcarriers and 16 pilot subcarriers.
  • the tone plan of 160MHz can be regarded as composed of two tone plans of 80MHz.
  • the tone plan of 240MHz can be regarded as the composition of three tone plans of 80MHz.
  • the 320MHz tone plan can be regarded as the composition of four 80MHz tone plans, which will not be repeated here.
  • Table 1 Data subcarrier and pilot subcarrier indices for RU26
  • each row in the 2nd and 3rd columns in the above Table 1 indicates one RU26, for example, the last row of the 2nd column indicates the 18th RU26 [-38 -13], and the position of the 18th RU26 is the number- 38 subcarriers to subcarriers numbered -13; for another example, the fifth row of the third column indicates the 23rd RU26 [120 145], and the position of the 23rd RU26 is the subcarrier numbered 120 to the subcarrier numbered 145.
  • the fourth column in the above Table 1 indicates the index of the pilot subcarriers in the corresponding 26-tone RUs in sequence.
  • the frequency sub-carriers are sub-carriers numbered -494 and sub-carriers numbered -480.
  • the second 26-tone RU is from the subcarrier numbered -473 to the subcarrier numbered -448, where the pilot subcarriers are the subcarrier numbered -468 and the subcarrier numbered -454.
  • the 36th 26-tone RU is from the subcarrier numbered 474 to the subcarrier numbered 499, wherein the pilot subcarriers are the subcarrier numbered 480 and the subcarrier numbered 494. Understandably, 26-tone RU and RU26 can be used interchangeably.
  • Table 2 Data subcarrier and pilot subcarrier indices for RU52
  • each row in the second column of the above table 2 indicates one RU, for example, the first row of the second column indicates the first RU52 [-38 -13], and the position of the first RU52 is the sub-number of -499 carrier to subcarrier number -448.
  • the third column in the above Table 2 indicates the pilot subcarrier index in the corresponding 52-tone RU in sequence, for example, the second 52-tone RU is from the subcarrier numbered -445 to the subcarrier numbered -394, where the pilot The frequency sub-carriers are sub-carriers number-440, number-426, number-414, and number-400. Understandably, 52-tone RU and RU52 can be used interchangeably.
  • Table 3 Data subcarrier and pilot subcarrier indices for RU106
  • Table 4 Data subcarrier and pilot subcarrier indices for RU242
  • the data subcarrier and pilot subcarrier indexes of the RU484 are shown in Table 5 below.
  • 484-tone RU and RU484 can be used interchangeably.
  • the 80MHz 484-tone RU of 802.11ax is composed of 484 consecutive subcarriers.
  • the 802.11be 80MHz 484-tone RU still has 468 data subcarriers and 16 pilot subcarriers, there are 5 DC sub-carriers or null sub-carriers.
  • the subcarriers are numbered from -500 to -12, and the numbers of 5 DC subcarriers are -258, -257, -256, -255, -254, and the numbers of 16 pilot subcarriers are -258, -257, -256, -255, -254.
  • the numbers are -494, -468, -426, -400, -360, -334, -292, -266, -246, -220, -178, -152, -112, -86, -44, -18.
  • Table 5 Data subcarrier and pilot subcarrier indices for RU484
  • the data subcarrier and pilot subcarrier indexes of the RU996 are shown in Table 6 below.
  • 996-tone RU and RU996 can be used interchangeably.
  • the subcarriers are numbered from -500 to 500, and the 5 DC subcarriers are numbered -2, -1, 0, 1, and 2.
  • the numbers of 16 pilot subcarriers are -468, -400, -334, -266, -220, -152, -86, -18, +18, +86, +152, +220, +266, + 334, +400, +468.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides that the LTF sequence included in the PPDU is placed on a 240MHz bandwidth and a 320MHz bandwidth for use, and the 240MHz bandwidth and the 320MHz bandwidth can be constructed from an 80MHz tone plan as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the subcarrier design of 160MHz bandwidth is based on two 80MHz, that is, [RU subcarrier index, pilot position subcarrier index] in 80MHz-512: [RU subcarrier index, pilot position subcarrier index] in 80MHz +512.
  • the sub-carrier design of 240MHz bandwidth is based on three 80MHz.
  • the design of the 320MHz bandwidth subcarrier is based on two 160MHz, namely [Pilot indices in 160MHz/160MHz pilot index]-1024:[Pilot indices in 160MHz/160MHz pilot index]+1024.
  • Peak-to-average power ratio referred to as peak-to-average power ratio. It can refer to the ratio of the instantaneous peak power of a continuous signal to the average value of the signal power within a symbol. It can be expressed by the following formula:
  • Xi represents the time-domain discrete value of a set of sequences
  • max(Xi2) represents the maximum value of the square of the time-domain discrete value
  • mean(Xi2) represents the average value of the square of the time-domain discrete value.
  • the OFDM symbol is formed by superimposing multiple independently modulated sub-carrier signals.
  • the phases of each sub-carrier are the same or similar, the superimposed signal will be modulated by the same initial phase signal, resulting in a large instantaneous power peak.
  • OFDM system has the disadvantage of high PAPR, especially in large bandwidth, more sub-carriers lead to more serious PAPR. Since the dynamic range of general power amplifiers is limited, MIMO-OFDM signals with large peak-average ratios are very easy to enter the nonlinear region of the power amplifier. High PAPR will lead to nonlinear distortion of the signal, resulting in obvious spectrum spread interference and In-band signal distortion reduces system performance, so when designing a sequence, the PAPR of the sequence is required to be as small as possible.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a 4x, 2x and 1x mode applicable to the embodiment of the present application. Taking a 20MHz bandwidth as an example, when the positions of the subcarriers are marked as -128, -127, ..., -2, -1, 0, 1 , 2, .
  • the subcarrier spacing is 2xHE-LTF symbols carry subcarriers with long training sequences located at -122, -120, ..., -4, -2, 2, 4, ..., 120, 122, and the rest are null subcarriers; equivalently, the subcarriers can be The positions are marked as -64, -63, ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ..., 63, then the subcarriers of the 2xHE-LTF symbols carrying the long training sequence are located at -61, -60, ... , -2, -1, 1, 2, ..., 60, 61, and the rest are empty subcarriers.
  • the subcarrier spacing is Similarly, 1xHE-LTF symbols carrying long training sequence subcarriers are located at -120, -116, ..., -8, -4, 4, 8, ..., 116, 120, and the rest are null subcarriers; equivalently The positions of the subcarriers can be marked as -32, -31, ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ..., 31, then the subcarriers whose 1x HE-LTF symbols carry the long training sequence are located at -30 , -29, ..., -2, -1, 1, 2, ..., 29, 30, and the rest are empty sub-carriers. At this time, the sub-carrier spacing is
  • the adjacent 4 elements in the sequence are a group. If only one element in this group is not 0, it is a 1x mode. If two elements in this group are not 0, it is a 2x mode. If If none of the 4 elements in this group are 0, it is a 4x pattern.
  • GAN Generative adversarial networks
  • GAN consists of a generator (Generator, G) and a discriminator (Discriminator, D), and the generator and discriminator fight against each other.
  • the generator is used to capture the real sample data distribution, generate new samples, and generate new samples that are as close to the real samples as possible, thereby deceiving the discriminator.
  • the input to the generator is uniform or Gaussian random noise z, and the input data dimension is (batch_size, dim_noise).
  • the discriminator is usually a binary classifier. There are two types of input data, one type of input is the output data of the generator (fake samples), and the other type of input is the training set data (true samples), and the training set data is generated by the algorithm.
  • the discriminator is used to determine whether the sample generated by the generator is a fake sample or a real sample.
  • the discriminator D will receive the real sample data and the fake sample data generated by the generator G.
  • the task of the discriminator is to determine whether the data generated by the generator belongs to the real sample data or the fake sample data. For the final output result, the parameters of both parties can be tuned at the same time. If the discriminator D judges correctly, the parameters of the generator G need to be adjusted, so that the generated fake sample data is more realistic; if the discriminator D judges incorrectly, the parameters of the discriminator D need to be adjusted to avoid errors in the next similar judgment.
  • the training continues until the two have entered a state of balance and harmony.
  • the product after training is a high-quality automatic generator and a discriminator with strong judgment ability.
  • the former can be used for machine creation (such as automatically drawing “cats” and “dogs"), while the latter can be used for machine classification (such as automatically judging "cats” and "dogs”).
  • both the generator network and the discriminator network can use a three-layer deep neural network (DNN), which specifically includes an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer.
  • DNN deep neural network
  • the number of neurons in each layer of the generator network is adjustable.
  • the number of neurons in each layer of the discriminator network is n_data, dim_hidden and 1 respectively, the output layer uses the activation function sigmoid, and the other layer activation functions use ReLU.
  • the WiFi signal is sent in the single-stream pilot mode
  • the pilot sub-carrier and data sub-carrier on each LTF symbol of the corresponding LTF field will be multiplied by different values, thus changing the original LTF sequence.
  • the structure may cause the PAPR value of the signal in the LTF field to be high when multiplied by some coefficients.
  • the WiFi standard proposes to use the elements of the P matrix to multiply the LTFs. Specifically, the data subcarrier of the nth LTF symbol sent by the mth spatial stream is multiplied by the element of the mth row and the nth column of the P matrix, and the pilot subcarrier is multiplied by the element of the mth row and the nth column of the R matrix. Each row of the R matrix is equal to the first row of the P matrix.
  • the data subcarrier and the pilot subcarrier are multiplied by the same value, the PAPR of the new sequence obtained will not change.
  • the data subcarrier and the pilot subcarrier are multiplied by different values, the obtained new sequence PAPR is subject to change.
  • the P matrix size is passed as 2 ⁇ 2, 4 ⁇ 4, 6 ⁇ 6, 8 ⁇ 8, 10 ⁇ 10, 12 ⁇ 12, 14 ⁇ 14, 16 ⁇ 16, etc.
  • a 4 ⁇ 4 P matrix can be used to achieve orthogonality.
  • the P matrix mainly includes the following:
  • the elements in P matrices of different sizes are different and may represent different flip phases.
  • 16*16 size P matrix species have elements of 1 and -1, corresponding to the same flip phase.
  • pilot position and the non-pilot position are multiplied by the same value, the PAPR of the sequence after phase inversion in a single RU, in a combined RU, and over the entire bandwidth will not change relative to the PAPR of the previous sequence.
  • the PAPR of the sequence after phase inversion in a single RU, in a combined RU, and over the entire bandwidth will change relative to the PAPR of the previous sequence.
  • four sequences with different PAPRs can be obtained.
  • the LTF sequence in this application considers phase inversion, and the resulting inverted sequence has a relatively low PAPR in a single RU, in a combined RU and in the entire bandwidth, so the PAPR of the sequence in the multi-stream (ie spatial stream) scenario is all is lower.
  • the foregoing content introduces content related to the embodiments of the present application, and the method for transmitting PPDUs provided by the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to more drawings.
  • the embodiments of the present application may be applied to multiple different scenarios, including the scenario shown in FIG. 1 , but are not limited to this scenario.
  • the STA may serve as the sender, and the AP may serve as the receiver;
  • the AP may serve as the sender, and the STA may serve as the receiver.
  • first communication device may be an AP or a STA (for example, the AP or STA shown in FIG. 1 )
  • second communication device may also be is an AP or STA (for example, the AP or STA shown in FIG. 1 ).
  • LTF sequences have lower PAPR values on a single RU, lower PAPR values on combined RUs, and lower PAPR values across the entire bandwidth; and also considering multi-stream scenarios, these sequences are phase-flipped to get
  • the flipped sequence of s has a lower PAPR value on a single RU, a lower PAPR value on a combined RU, and a lower PAPR value across the entire bandwidth. Understandably, the smaller the PAPR value, the lower the requirements for the linear power amplifier, and the better the performance.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a method for transmitting a PPDU provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method shown in FIG. 8 may include but is not limited to the following steps:
  • the first communication device generates a physical layer protocol data unit PPDU, where the PPDU includes a long training field LTF, where the LTF sequence is carried in the long training field LTF.
  • the method for generating the LTF sequence by the first communication device will be introduced later.
  • S820 The first communication device sends the PPDU. Accordingly, the second communication device receives the PPDU.
  • the second communication device parses the PPDU to obtain the LTF sequence in the PPDU.
  • the existing description which is not limited.
  • LTF sequence may refer to the frequency domain sequence of the LTF, and may also be referred to as the frequency domain sequence of the long training domain.
  • a training set is determined.
  • the training set includes multiple pieces of training data, and each piece of training data is a sample LTF.
  • Each piece of training data considers the PAPR of multiple LTF sequences in a multi-stream scenario, with lower PAPR values on a single RU, lower PAPR values on combined RUs, and lower PAPR values across the entire bandwidth.
  • the Generative Adversarial Network GAN is trained according to the training data in the training set.
  • the LTF sequence generated by the generative model has the same characteristics as the sample LTF sequence, that is, the LTF sequence generated by the generative model has a lower PAPR value on a single RU, a lower PAPR value on the combined RU, and a PAPR value on the entire bandwidth. is also lower, and also considers multi-stream scenarios, these sequences are phase-flipped resulting in multiple flipped sequences with lower PAPR values on a single RU, lower PAPR values on combined RUs, and PAPR across the entire bandwidth value is also lower.
  • the determined training set includes:
  • Step 1 Obtain a base sequence, which is a long training sequence LTF.
  • a base sequence with an appropriate length and low PAPR properties is selected.
  • the 80MHz LTF sequence in the 802.11ax standard can be selected as the base sequence.
  • the 80MHz LTF sequence in the 802.11ax standard may be selected as the base sequence.
  • the length and structure of the sequence can conform to the tone plan structure.
  • the generator For example, if you want the generator to generate a 2x sequence, you can choose a 2x sequence as the base sequence. If you want the generator to generate a 1x sequence, you can choose a 1x sequence as the base sequence. If you want the generator to generate a 4x sequence, you can choose a 4x sequence as the base sequence. If you want the generator to generate an 80MHz sequence, you can choose the 80MHz sequence as the base sequence. If you want the generator to generate a 160MHz sequence, you can choose a 160MHz sequence as the base sequence.
  • this 1024bit sequence includes 12 0s on the left (corresponding to 12 left subcarriers), 11 0s on the right (corresponding to 11 right subcarriers, and 5 0s in the middle). (Corresponding to the middle 5 DC subcarriers.)
  • a base sequence with a length of 1001 bits can also be used, that is, 12 0s on the left, 11 0s on the right, and 5 0s in the middle are not included.
  • Step 2 Invert one or more non-zero elements in the base sequence to get a new sequence.
  • inverting "1" is “-1"
  • inverting "-1” is "1"
  • a base sequence 0 1 0 1 1 with a length of 5 bits is used as an example for description.
  • the sequence 0 1 0 1 1 is only an example, and should not be limited to the embodiment.
  • the new sequence obtained from the base sequence 0 1 0 1 1 can be any of the following 7 sequences: 0 -1 0 1 1, 0 1 0 -1 1, 0 1 0 1 -1, 0 -1 0 -1 1, 0 -1 0 1 -1, 0 1 0 -1 -1, 0 -1 0 -1 -1 -1.
  • Step 3 Perform phase inversion on the elements in the non-pilot positions in the new sequence in Step 2 to obtain multiple sequences, which are recorded as inverted sequences.
  • phase inversion After the phase inversion has been introduced above, a new sequence can obtain multiple inversion sequences.
  • the PAPR of the original sequence is included in the PAPR of all possible inverted sequences in this application.
  • the second and fourth bits are specified, and these two non-zero bits are the positions of the data subcarriers, that is, the non-pilot positions.
  • the elements in the 2nd and 4th bits in the new sequence can be phase-flipped.
  • pilot position*1 For example, pilot position*1, non-pilot position*-1, then the reverse sequence corresponding to the new sequence 0-1 0 1 1 is 0 1 0-1 1.
  • a 16*16 P matrix When a 16*16 P matrix is used for phase inversion, it can be applied to 16 streams. This application does not limit the elements included in the 16*16 P matrix.
  • Step 4 Determine the PAPR over the entire bandwidth in the tone plan, PAPR over a single RU, and PAPR over the combined RU for each flipped sequence corresponding to one of the new sequences in step 3.
  • the combined RU may also include a combination of RUs in a puncturing scenario, for example, RU484+RU242 in a NON-OFDMA scenario is equivalent to RU484+RU242 in a puncturing form.
  • a new sequence can flip out four different PAPR flipped sequences, then a new sequence can correspondingly calculate x*4 PAPRs.
  • x is the total number of PAPRs for a single RU, a combined RU, and the entire bandwidth.
  • Step 5 Set a threshold.
  • the new sequence in Step 3 can be added to the training set p data (x) as a piece of training data.
  • a maximum PAPR may be selected among the PAPRs in step 4, and the maximum PAPR may be compared with a threshold. If the maximum PAPR is less than or equal to the set threshold, a new sequence may be added to the training set.
  • the flipped sequences obtained by phase-flipping these sequences have lower PAPR values on a single RU, lower PAPR values on the combined RU, and lower PAPR values across the entire bandwidth.
  • the new sequence in step 3 may be added to the training set p data (x) as a piece of training data.
  • the ratio is 99%, 98%, etc.
  • a new sequence can calculate x*4 PAPRs, and 99% of these PAPRs are less than or equal to the set threshold, then the above mentioned in step 3 can be used.
  • the new sequence is added to the training set p data (x) as a piece of training data.
  • the new sequence in step 3 can be added to the training set p data as a piece of training data.
  • (x) For example, the ratio is greater than or equal to 3/4.
  • the x PAPRs calculated by 3 inversion sequences are all smaller than the set threshold, and some of the x PAPRs of one inversion sequence are larger than the set threshold.
  • the new sequence can also be added to the training set p data (x) as a piece of training data.
  • the set threshold can be, for example, 6.3db, 6.5db, and so on.
  • the threshold may refer to the average value, median value, etc. of the PAPR of the data part of the RU.
  • the same method is used to obtain the corresponding training set.
  • the difference is that the base sequence length has changed from 1024 to 2048, 3072, and 4096.
  • the present application can adopt an exhaustive method, and perform the process of step 2 to step 5, and then many LTFs that meet the lower PAPR requirements can be obtained.
  • the training data in the training set can also be used to train the generative adversarial network GAN. After the GAN network training is completed, multiple LTFs that meet the lower PAPR requirements can be generated through the generative model in the GAN network, and the LTFs that meet the lower PAPR requirements can be obtained more simply and quickly.
  • the training of the generative adversarial network GAN according to the training data in the training set includes:
  • GAN includes a generative model G and a discriminative model D.
  • the generative model can also be called a generator or a generative network;
  • the discriminant model can also be called a discriminator or a discriminant network.
  • Step 1 Initialize the parameter ⁇ D of the discriminant model D and the parameter ⁇ G of the generative model G.
  • Step 2 Train the discriminator, that is, train the parameters ⁇ D .
  • a set of values is randomly generated, and the set of values conforms to preset characteristics, which can be Gaussian distribution, normal distribution, or uniform distribution, etc.
  • the set of values can be a matrix of batch_size rows and dim_noise columns, and each element in the matrix obeys a preset characteristic, which is random noise z ⁇ p(z).
  • the random noise z ⁇ p(z) is sent to the generator of the GAN network, and the generator can generate batch_size LTFs, and the labels of the LTFs generated by the label generator are fake samples.
  • Dim_noise is related to the bandwidth, and dim_noise can be the length of the LTF sequence under the bandwidth. For example, when generating the LTF under 80HMz, dim_noise is generally 1024 or 1001. When generating LTF at 160MHz, dim_noise is typically 2048.
  • the LTF sequence labeled as a fake sample and the labeled sequence as a real sample input the untrained discriminant model, and obtain the result of the sequence labeled as a fake sample output by the untrained discriminant model, and the result is true
  • a sample or a fake sample input the untrained discriminant model, and obtain the result of the sequence labeled as a fake sample output by the untrained discriminant model, and the result is true
  • a sample or a fake sample according to a plurality of the results, the untrained discriminant model is trained.
  • batch_size samples are taken from the training data set p data (x) each time, and the batch_size samples are sent to the discriminator of the GAN network as real data.
  • the training goal of the discriminator is to determine that the generator generated is a fake sample, and the training set is a real sample.
  • D(x) should be close to 0 for distributions where x comes from generator G, and D(x) should be close to 1 for x being the true distribution.
  • the loss function of the discriminator is The optimization objective of the discriminator is max D L(D).
  • the loss function L(D) of the discriminator is optimized by the Adam optimization algorithm, and the updated network parameter ⁇ D is obtained.
  • Step 3 Train the generator, that is, train the parameters ⁇ G .
  • a set of numerical values is randomly generated, and the set of numerical values conforms to a preset characteristic, and the preset characteristic may be a Gaussian distribution, a normal distribution, or a uniform distribution.
  • the set of values can be a matrix of batch_size rows and dim_noise columns, and each element in the matrix obeys a preset characteristic, which is random noise z ⁇ p(z). Feed random noise z ⁇ p(z) into the generator, and the generator can generate batch_size LTFs.
  • Dim_noise is related to the bandwidth, and dim_noise can be the length of the LTF sequence under the bandwidth. For example, when generating the LTF under 80HMz, dim_noise is generally 1024 or 1001. When generating LTF at 160MHz, dim_noise is typically 2048.
  • the LTF sequence generated by the generator and the LTF sequence in the training set are input into the discriminant model that has been trained in step 2, and the result of the LTF sequence generated by the generator that is output by the discriminant model that has been trained is obtained.
  • the result is a real sample or a fake sample; according to a plurality of the results, the untrained generative model is trained.
  • the random noise z ⁇ p(z) is sent to the generator of the GAN network, and a new sequence set is obtained through the generator.
  • the generated batch sample is G(z)
  • the size is (batch_size, n_data)
  • the loss function L(G) of the discriminator is optimized by the Adam optimization algorithm, and the updated network parameter ⁇ G is obtained.
  • Step 4 Repeat steps 2 and 3.
  • the generator and discriminator of GAN are optimized alternately, and the parameters ⁇ D and ⁇ G of the two networks are continuously updated.
  • Step 5 After ⁇ D and ⁇ G are updated for a certain number of times, check the PAPR index of the LTF sequence generated by generator G (considering phase flip and resource block), if it is lower than the set threshold, fill it into the training set p In data (x), if the number of data in the training set exceeds a certain range, only a part of the training set with a smaller PAPR is retained. Then, in the process of continuously updating the network parameters, the training set is continuously updated, that is, step 3, step 4 and step 5 are continued. Make the PAPR of the training data smaller and smaller.
  • the generation model in the trained generative adversarial network GAN is used to generate the LTF sequence, including:
  • a set of numerical values is generated, and the set of numerical values conforms to a preset characteristic, and the preset characteristic may be a Gaussian distribution, a normal distribution, or a uniform distribution.
  • the set of values may be a Gaussian distribution, a normal distribution, or a uniform distribution.
  • the one or more LTF sequences output by the trained generative model can be obtained.
  • the one or more LTF sequences have lower PAPR values on a single RU, lower PAPR values on the combined RU, and lower PAPR values across the bandwidth, and also considering multi-stream scenarios, these sequences are phased
  • the resulting flipped sequence after flipping has a low PAPR value on a single RU, a low PAPR value on a combined RU, and a low PAPR value on the entire bandwidth.
  • one or more sequences generated by the generative model may be used as sequences in the training set, and the generative model and the discriminant model may be retrained by using these sequences.
  • sequence two A possible 2x LTF sequence with a bandwidth of 160MHz, including 2048 elements, denoted as sequence two.
  • sequence three a possible 2x LTF sequence with a bandwidth of 240MHz, including 3072 elements, denoted as: sequence three.
  • sequence four a possible 2x LTF sequence with a bandwidth of 320MHz, including 4096 elements, denoted as: sequence four.
  • the above sequences one to four can be generated by the generator of the GAN network.
  • the fourth row introduces the above-mentioned sequence 1 itself and its corresponding inverted sequence, sequence 2 itself and its corresponding inverted sequence, sequence 3 itself and its corresponding inverted sequence, and sequence 4 itself and its corresponding inverted sequence.
  • the corresponding flip sequence is the maximum value among multiple PAPRs over the entire bandwidth, a single RU, and a combined RU.
  • the maximum value of the sequence 1 itself and the corresponding inverted sequence described above is 5.9927dB in the entire bandwidth of 80MHz, a single RU, and multiple PAPRs on a combined RU.
  • Sequence two by itself and the corresponding inverted sequence has a maximum value of 6.2554 dB over the entire bandwidth of 160 MHz, a single RU, and multiple PAPRs over combined RUs.
  • Sequence three has a maximum value of 6.8042dB over the entire bandwidth of 240MHz, single RU, and multiple PAPRs over combined RUs for sequence three itself and the inverted sequence.
  • the maximum value in multiple PAPRs of sequence four itself and the inverted sequence over the entire bandwidth of 320 MHz, single RU, and combined RU is 7.2206 dB.
  • a total of x1 PAPRs can be selected, that is, x1 maximum PAPRs are selected, and each PAPR maximum corresponds to an 80MHz 2x LTF sequence generated by a GAN network.
  • the GAN network generates 10 LTF sequences of 80MHz 2x.
  • Each 80MHz 2x LTF sequence can correspond to 3 inversion sequences.
  • the first 80MHz 2x LTF sequence and its corresponding 3 inversion sequences select the largest PAPR among multiple PAPRs on the entire bandwidth, a single RU, and a combined RU.
  • the second 80MHz 2x LTF sequence and its corresponding 3 inversion sequences select the largest PAPR among multiple PAPRs on the entire bandwidth, a single RU, and a combined RU.
  • the tenth 80MHz 2x LTF sequence and its corresponding 3 inversion sequences ... Then 10 80MHz 2x LTF sequences can correspondingly select 10 PAPR maximum values.
  • the 80MHz 2x LTF sequence generated by the GAN network corresponding to the selected smallest PAPR is the 80MHz 2x LTF sequence we want.
  • 5.9927dB in Table 7 is the minimum PAPR selected from the x1 maximum PAPR values
  • the 80MHz 2x sequence generated by the GAN network corresponding to 5.9927dB is the LTF sequence of 80MHz 2x we want, which is the above sequence 1.
  • the 160MHz 2x sequence generated by the GAN network corresponding to 6.2554dB is the LTF sequence of 160MHz 2x we want, which is the above-mentioned sequence two.
  • the GAN network generates x3 240MHz 2x LTF sequences, then x3 PAPR maximum values can be selected, and 6.8042dB is the minimum PAPR selected from the x3 PAPR maximum values.
  • the 240MHz 2x sequence generated by the GAN network corresponding to 6.8042dB is the LTF sequence of 240MHz 2x we want, which is the above sequence three.
  • the GAN network generates x4 320MHz 2x LTF sequences, then x4 PAPR maximum values can be selected, and 7.2206dB is the minimum PAPR selected from the x4 PAPR maximum values.
  • the 320MHz 2x sequence generated by the GAN network corresponding to 7.2206dB is the LTF sequence of 320MHz 2x we want, which is the above-mentioned sequence four.
  • the training set includes y1 80MHz 2x LTF sequences. For each LTF sequence, the largest PAPR of the LTF sequence itself and the corresponding inverted sequence over the entire bandwidth, a single RU, and a combined RU is selected. , then a total of y1 PAPRs can be selected. The minimum value among the y1 PAPRs is: 6.23dB in the third row.
  • the training set includes y2 160MHz 2x LTF sequences.
  • the LTF sequence itself and the corresponding inverted sequence are selected from multiple PAPRs on the entire bandwidth, a single RU, and a combined RU.
  • a total of y2 PAPRs can be selected.
  • the minimum value among the y2 PAPRs is: 6.3556dB in the third row.
  • the training set includes y3 240MHz 2x LTF sequences.
  • the LTF sequence itself and the corresponding inverted sequence are selected from multiple PAPRs on the entire bandwidth, a single RU, and a combined RU.
  • a total of y3 PAPRs can be selected.
  • the smallest of the y3 PAPRs is: 7.0284dB in the third row.
  • the training set includes y4 240MHz 2x LTF sequences.
  • the LTF sequence itself and the corresponding inverted sequence are selected from multiple PAPRs on the entire bandwidth, a single RU, and a combined RU.
  • a total of y4 PAPRs can be selected.
  • the minimum of the y4 PAPRs is: 7.3882dB in the third row.
  • the values in the fourth row in Table 7 are all smaller than the values in the third row, that is, the PAPR of the LTF sequence generated by the GAN network is smaller than the PAPR of the LTF sequence in the training set, then the PAPR of the LTF sequence generated by the GAN network under different bandwidths lower value.
  • sequence six a possible 2x LTF sequence under the bandwidth of 80MHz, denoted as: sequence six.
  • LTF2x80M_1 sequence six (13:1013), where 13:1013 refers to the 13th to 13th in sequence six 1013th element.
  • sequence seven a possible 2x LTF sequence in a bandwidth of 80MHz, denoted as: sequence seven.
  • the GAN network generates x5 80MHz 2x LTF sequences
  • the 80MHz 2x LTF sequence itself and the corresponding inverted sequence are multiple PAPRs on the entire bandwidth, a single RU, and a combined RU
  • a total of x5 PAPRs can be selected, that is, x5 maximum PAPRs are selected.
  • These x5 PAPRs may be partially the same or may be completely different.
  • Each PAPR maximum corresponds to an 80MHz 2xLTF sequence generated by a GAN network.
  • the LTF sequence corresponding to the selected smallest PAPR is the LTF sequence of 80MHz 2x that we want.
  • 7.1799dB in Table 8 is the minimum PAPR selected from the x5 maximum PAPR values
  • the 80MHz 2x sequence generated by the GAN network corresponding to 7.1799dB is the LTF sequence of 80MHz 2x we want, that is, the above sequence 5 , Sequence Six and Sequence Seven. That is, the maximum value of 7.1799dB among the x5 PAPR maximum values has three.
  • the training set includes y5 80MHz 2x LTF sequences. For each LTF sequence, the largest PAPR is selected among the multiple PAPRs of the LTF sequence itself and the corresponding inverted sequence on the entire bandwidth, a single RU, and a combined RU, then a total of y5 PAPRs can be selected. The minimum of these y5 PAPRs is: 7.3010 dB.
  • the PAPR of the LTF sequence generated by the GAN network is smaller than the PAPR of the LTF sequence in the training set, and the PAPR value of the LTF sequence generated by the GAN network under different bandwidths is lower.
  • the selected LTF sequence of 80MHz 2x is sequence six in the above (6).
  • the coefficients corresponding to these 5 parts are: 1, 1, 1, 1, 1; 1, -1, -1, -1, 1.
  • LTF2x80M_part5 LTF2x80M_1(760:1001).
  • 0 12 is 12 consecutive 0s
  • 0 23 is 23 consecutive 0s
  • 0 11 is 11 consecutive 0s.
  • the 2xEHT_LTF_160M sequence and the corresponding inverted sequence have a maximum PAPR of 7.8274dB over the entire bandwidth, over a single resource block, and over a combined resource block, and considering the PAPR in the multi-stream scenario.
  • the selected LTF sequence of 80MHz 2x is the sequence seven in the above (7).
  • the coefficients corresponding to these 5 parts are: 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1; -1, 1, 1, 1, -1; 1, 1, 1, 1, -1; 1, -1, -1, -1.
  • LTF2x80M_part5 LTF2x80M_2(760:1001).
  • 0 12 is 12 consecutive 0s
  • 0 23 is 23 consecutive 0s
  • 0 11 is 11 consecutive 0s.
  • the 2xEHT_LTF_320M sequence and the corresponding inverted sequence have a maximum PAPR of 8.7366 dB over the entire bandwidth, over a single resource block, over a combined resource block, and considering the PAPR in the multi-stream scenario.
  • the GAN network generates x6 80MHz 4x LTF sequences
  • the 80MHz 4x LTF sequence itself and the corresponding flip sequence are on the entire bandwidth, a single RU, and multiple on the combined RU
  • a total of x6 PAPRs can be selected, that is, x6 PAPR maximum values are selected, and each PAPR maximum value corresponds to an 80MHz 4x LTF sequence generated by a GAN network.
  • the 80MHz 4x LTF sequence generated by the GAN network corresponding to the selected smallest PAPR is the 80MHz 4x LTF sequence we want.
  • 6.8997dB in Table 9 is the minimum PAPR selected from the x6 maximum PAPR values
  • the 80MHz 4x sequence generated by the GAN network corresponding to 6.8997dB is the LTF sequence of 80MHz 4x we want, that is, the above sequence eight.
  • the training set includes y6 80MHz 4x LTF sequences. For each LTF sequence, the largest PAPR is selected from the LTF sequence itself and the corresponding inverted sequence on the entire bandwidth, a single RU, and multiple PAPRs on the combined RU. , a total of y6 PAPRs can be selected. The minimum of these y6 PAPRs is 7.1345dB.
  • the PAPR of the LTF sequence generated by the GAN network is smaller than the PAPR of the LTF sequence in the training set, and the PAPR value of the LTF sequence generated by the GAN network under different bandwidths is lower.
  • the device for transmitting PPDU in the embodiment of the present application includes a device for transmitting PPDU applied to the transmitting end and a device for transmitting PPDU applied to the receiving end. It should be understood that the device for transmitting PPDU applied to the transmitting end is the first communication in the above method. The device has any function of the first communication device in the above method, and the device for transmitting PPDU applied to the receiving end is the second communication device in the above method, which has any function of the second communication device in the above method.
  • the communication device may be divided into functional units according to the foregoing method examples.
  • each functional unit may be divided corresponding to each function, or two or more functions may be integrated into one processing unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may be implemented in the form of software functional units. It should be noted that the division of units in the embodiments of the present application is illustrative, and is only a logical function division, and other division methods may be used in actual implementation.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for transmitting PPDUs applied to a sender according to an embodiment of the present application. It includes: a processing unit 11 and a transceiver unit 12 .
  • the processing unit 11 is configured to generate a physical layer protocol data unit PPDU, where the PPDU includes an LTF sequence; the transceiver unit 12 is configured to send the PPDU.
  • the LTF sequence included in the PPDU may be any LTF sequence provided in the foregoing (1) to (10).
  • the apparatus for transmitting PPDU applied to the transmitting end is the first communication device in the above method, which has any function of the first communication device in the above method. For details, please refer to the above method, which will not be repeated here. .
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for transmitting PPDUs applied to a receiving end provided by an embodiment of the present application. It includes: a transceiver unit 21 and a processing unit 22 .
  • the transceiver unit 21 is configured to receive a PPDU, and the PPDU includes an LTF sequence; the processing unit 22 is configured to analyze the PPDU to obtain the LTF sequence.
  • the LTF sequence included in the PPDU may be any LTF sequence provided in the foregoing (1) to (10).
  • the apparatus for transmitting PPDU applied to the receiving end is the second communication device in the above method, which has any function of the second communication device in the above method.
  • the apparatus for transmitting PPDU applied to the transmitting end and the apparatus for transmitting PPDU applied to the receiving end are described above.
  • the following describes the apparatus for transmitting PPDU applied to the transmitting end and the apparatus for transmitting PPDU applied to the receiving end. product form. It should be understood that any form of product with the features of the device for transmitting PPDUs applied to the sending end described in Figure 9 above, and any form of product having the features of the device for transmitting PPDUs applied to the receiving end described in Figure 10 above , all fall within the protection scope of this application.
  • the apparatus for transmitting PPDU applied to the sending end and the apparatus for transmitting PPDU applied to the receiving end in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented by a general bus architecture.
  • the device for transmitting PPDU applied to the sending end includes a processor and a transceiver that is internally connected and communicated with the processor.
  • the processor is configured to generate a PPDU, the PPDU includes an LTF sequence; and a transceiver is configured to transmit the PPDU.
  • the apparatus for transmitting PPDU applied to the transmitting end may further include a memory, where the memory is used for storing instructions executed by the processor.
  • the LTF sequence included in the PPDU may be any of the LTF sequences provided in the foregoing (1) to (10).
  • the apparatus for transmitting PPDU applied to the receiving end includes a processor and a transceiver that is internally connected and communicated with the processor.
  • the transceiver is configured to receive the PPDU; the processor is configured to parse the received PPDU to obtain the LTF sequence included in the PPDU.
  • the apparatus for transmitting PPDU applied to the receiving end may further include a memory, where the memory is used to store instructions executed by the processor.
  • the LTF sequence included in the PPDU may be any of the LTF sequences provided in the foregoing (1) to (10).
  • the apparatus for transmitting PPDUs applied to the sending end and the apparatus for transmitting PPDUs applied to the receiving end in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented by a general-purpose processor.
  • a general-purpose processor that implements the apparatus for transmitting PPDU applied to the sending end includes a processing circuit and an input and output interface that is internally connected and communicated with the processing circuit.
  • the processing circuit is used for generating a PPDU, and the PPDU includes an LTF sequence; the input and output interface is used for sending the PPDU.
  • the general-purpose processor may further include a storage medium for storing instructions executed by the processing circuit.
  • the LTF sequence included in the PPDU may be any of the LTF sequences provided in the foregoing (1) to (10).
  • the general-purpose processor implementing the apparatus for transmitting PPDU applied to the receiving end includes a processing circuit and an input and output interface that is connected and communicated with the processing circuit.
  • the input and output interface is used to receive the PPDU, and the PPDU includes the LTF;
  • the processing circuit is used to parse the PPDU PPDU to obtain the LTF sequence included in the PPDU.
  • the general-purpose processor may further include a storage medium for storing instructions executed by the processing circuit.
  • the LTF sequence included in the PPDU may be any of the LTF sequences provided in the foregoing (1) to (10).
  • the device for transmitting PPDU applied to the sending end and the device for transmitting PPDU applied to the receiving end described in the embodiments of the present application can also be implemented using the following: one or more FPGAs (field programmable gates) array), PLD (Programmable Logic Device), controller, state machine, gate logic, discrete hardware components, any other suitable circuit, or any combination of circuits capable of performing the various functions described throughout this application.
  • FPGAs field programmable gates
  • PLD Programmable Logic Device
  • controller state machine
  • gate logic discrete hardware components
  • discrete hardware components any other suitable circuit, or any combination of circuits capable of performing the various functions described throughout this application.
  • the device for transmitting PPDU applied to the sending end and the device for transmitting PPDU applied to the receiving end of the above-mentioned various product forms have the arbitrary functions of the first communication device and the second communication device in the above method embodiments respectively, and are not used here. Repeat.
  • Embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, where instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the instructions are executed on a computer, the computer can execute the foregoing method for transmitting PPDUs.
  • Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product, which, when the computer program product runs on a computer, enables the computer to execute the foregoing method for transmitting PPDUs.
  • Embodiments of the present application further provide a wireless communication system, including a first communication device (eg, an AP) and a second communication device (eg, a STA).
  • the first communication device and the second communication device may execute the foregoing method for transmitting PPDUs.
  • the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the apparatus embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may also be electrical, mechanical or other forms of connection.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may be implemented in the form of software functional units.
  • the integrated unit if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solutions of the present application are essentially or part of contributions to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solutions can be embodied in the form of software products, and the computer software products are stored in a storage medium , including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes .
  • the embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
  • computer-usable storage media including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory result in an article of manufacture comprising instruction means, the instructions
  • the apparatus implements the functions specified in the flow or flow of the flowcharts and/or the block or blocks of the block diagrams.

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Abstract

本申请涉及无线通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种传输物理层协议数据单元的方法及装置，比如应用于无线局域网中。该方法包括：第一通信设备生成PPDU，所述PPDU包括LTF序列，并可以发送该PPDU；相应地，第二通信设备接收PPDU，并对该PPDU进行解析，得到该PPDU中包括的LTF序列。采用本申请实施例，能够设计出在整个带宽上，在单个资源块上，以及在组合资源块上，以及考虑多流场景下，均有较低的PAPR的LTF序列。

Description

一种传输物理层协议数据单元的方法及装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2020年08月05日提交中国知识产权局、申请号为202010780252.6、申请名称为“一种传输物理层协议数据单元的方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及无线通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种传输物理层协议数据单元的方法及装置。
背景技术
由于无线通信系统的性能很大程度上受到无线信道的影响，如阴影衰落和频率选择性衰落等等，使得发射机和接收机之间的传播路径非常复杂。所以在正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing，OFDM)系统的相干检测中需要进行信道估计，信道估计是在一定准则下，将无线信号所经过的信道参数估计出来的过程，信道估计的精度将直接影响整个系统的性能。
因此，在电气和电子工程师协会(institute of electrical and electronics engineers，IEEE)802.11g/a，802.11n，802.11ac等以OFDM技术为核心的无线局域网(wireless local area network，WLAN)标准中，一个共同点是在物理层中规定了可用于信道估计的长训练字段(long training field，LTF)序列。为提高系统吞吐率，802.11ax标准中引入了正交频分多址(frequency division multiple access，OFDMA)技术，并且802.11ax标准中也规定了用于信道估计的LTF序列。然而，随着移动互联网的发展和智能终端的普及，数据流量快速增长，用户对通信服务质量的需求也越来越高，802.11ax标准已经难以在大吞吐量、低抖动和低延迟等方面满足用户需求。因此，迫切需要发展下一代WLAN技术，例如IEEE 802.11be标准或极高吞吐率(extremely high throughput，EHT)标准或Wi-Fi7标准。
针对不同的信道带宽(如80MHz、160MHz或240MHz或320MHz)，如何设计物理层协议数据单元((Physical Layer)PHY protocol data unit，PPDU)包括的LTF序列，使LTF序列在整个带宽上，在单个资源块上，在组合资源块上，以及考虑多流场景，均有较低的峰均功率比(peak to average power ratio，PAPR)，是一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种传输物理层协议数据单元的方法及装置，用以提供在整个带宽上，在单个资源块上，在组合资源块上，以及考虑多流场景，均有较低的PAPR的序列。
第一方面，提供了一种传输物理层协议数据单元的方法，包括：生成物理层协议数据单元PPDU，所述PPDU包括长训练字段LTF序列；并且发送所述PPDU。
第二方面，提供了一种传输物理层协议数据单元的方法，包括：接收PPDU；并且对接收到的所述PPDU进行解析，得到所述PPDU包括的长训练字段LTF序列。
结合第一方面和第二方面，在某些实现方式中，80MHz 2x的LTF序列为：
说明书具体实施方式中的序列一；或者，
说明书具体实施方式中的序列五；或者，
说明书具体实施方式中的序列六；或者，
说明书具体实施方式中的序列七。
结合第一方面和第二方面，在某些实现方式中，160MHz 2x的LTF序列为：
说明书具体实施方式中的序列二；或者，
2xEHT_LTF_160M＝
{0 12，LTF2x80M_part1,LTF2x80M_part2,LTF2x80M_part3,LTF2x80M_part4,LTF2x80M_part5,0 23,LTF2x80M_part1,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part2,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part3,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part4,LTF2x80M_part5，0 11}；
其中，LTF2x80M_part1＝LTF2x80M_1(1:242)；
LTF2x80M_part2＝LTF2x80M_1(243:484)；
LTF2x80M_part3＝LTF2x80M_1(485:517)；
LTF2x80M_part4＝LTF2x80M_1(518:759)；
LTF2x80M_part5＝LTF2x80M_1(760:1001)；
其中，LTF2x80M_1为说明书具体实施方式中的序列六去掉最左边的12个0和最右边的11个0后的序列。
结合第一方面和第二方面，在某些实现方式中，240MHz 2x的LTF序列为：
说明书具体实施方式中的序列三。
结合第一方面和第二方面，在某些实现方式中，320MHz 2x的LTF序列为：
说明书具体实施方式中的序列四；或者，
2xEHT_LTF_320M＝
{0 12,LTF2x80M_part1,LTF2x80M_part2,LTF2x80M_part3,LTF2x80M_part4,LTF2x80M_part5,0 23,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part1,LTF2x80M_part2,LTF2x80M_part3,LTF2x80M_part4,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part5,0 23,LTF2x80M_part1,LTF2x80M_part2,LTF2x80M_part3,LTF2x80M_part4,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part5,0 23,LTF2x80M_part1,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part2,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part3,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part4,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part5,0 11}；
其中，LTF2x80M_part1＝LTF2x80M_2(1:242)；
LTF2x80M_part2＝LTF2x80M_2(243:484)；
LTF2x80M_part3＝LTF2x80M_2(485:517)；
LTF2x80M_part4＝LTF2x80M_2(518:759)；
LTF2x80M_part5＝LTF2x80M_2(760:1001)；
其中，LTF2x80M_2为说明书具体实施方式中的序列七去掉最左边的12个0和最右边的11个0后的序列。
结合第一方面和第二方面，在某些实现方式中，80MHz 4x的LTF序列为：
说明书具体实施例方式中的序列八。
本申请实施例提供的序列考虑了多流场景下的PAPR，在单个资源单元(resource unit， RU)上的PAPR值较低，在组合RU上的PAPR值较低，以及在整个带宽上的PAPR值也较低。
第三方面，提供了一种传输物理层协议数据单元的装置，所述装置用于执行上述第一方面及第一方面任一可能实现方式提供的方法。具体地，所述装置包括用于执行第一方面以及第一方面任一种可能实现方式的单元。
示例的，所述装置包括：
处理单元，用于生成物理层协议数据单元PPDU，所述PPDU包括长训练字段LTF序列；
收发单元，用于发送所述PPDU。
第四方面，提供了一种传输物理层协议数据单元的装置，所述装置用于执行上述第二方面及第二方面任一可能实现方式提供的方法。具体地，所述装置可以包括用于执行第二方面以及第二方面任一种可能实现方式的单元。
示例的，收发单元，用于接收PPDU；处理单元，用于对接收到的所述PPDU进行解析，得到所述PPDU包括的长训练字段LTF序列。
结合第三方面和第四方面，在某些实现方式中，80MHz 2x的LTF序列为：
说明书具体实施方式中的序列一；或者，
说明书具体实施方式中的序列五；或者，
说明书具体实施方式中的序列六；或者，
说明书具体实施方式中的序列七。
结合第三方面和第四方面，在某些实现方式中，160MHz 2x的LTF序列为：
说明书具体实施方式中的序列二；或者，
2xEHT_LTF_160M＝
{0 12，LTF2x80M_part1,LTF2x80M_part2,LTF2x80M_part3,LTF2x80M_part4,LTF2x80M_part5,0 23,LTF2x80M_part1,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part2,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part3,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part4,LTF2x80M_part5，0 11}；
其中，LTF2x80M_part1＝LTF2x80M_1(1:242)；
LTF2x80M_part2＝LTF2x80M_1(243:484)；
LTF2x80M_part3＝LTF2x80M_1(485:517)；
LTF2x80M_part4＝LTF2x80M_1(518:759)；
LTF2x80M_part5＝LTF2x80M_1(760:1001)；
其中，LTF2x80M_1为说明书具体实施方式中的序列六去掉最左边的12个0和最右边的11个0后的序列。
结合第三方面和第四方面，在某些实现方式中，240MHz 2x的LTF序列为：
说明书具体实施方式中的序列三。
结合第三方面和第四方面，在某些实现方式中，320MHz 2x的LTF序列为：
说明书具体实施方式中的序列四；或者，
2xEHT_LTF_320M＝
{0 12,LTF2x80M_part1,LTF2x80M_part2,LTF2x80M_part3,LTF2x80M_part4,LTF2x80M_part5,0 23,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part1,LTF2x80M_part2,LTF2x80M_part3, LTF2x80M_part4,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part5,0 23,LTF2x80M_part1,LTF2x80M_part2,LTF2x80M_part3,LTF2x80M_part4,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part5,0 23,LTF2x80M_part1,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part2,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part3,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part4,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part5,0 11}；
其中，LTF2x80M_part1＝LTF2x80M_2(1:242)；
LTF2x80M_part2＝LTF2x80M_2(243:484)；
LTF2x80M_part3＝LTF2x80M_2(485:517)；
LTF2x80M_part4＝LTF2x80M_2(518:759)；
LTF2x80M_part5＝LTF2x80M_2(760:1001)；
其中，LTF2x80M_2为说明书具体实施方式中的序列七去掉最左边的12个0和最右边的11个0后的序列。
结合第三方面和第四方面，在某些实现方式中，80MHz 4x的LTF序列为：
说明书具体实施例方式中的序列八。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供一种传输物理层协议数据单元的装置，所述装置包括处理器和与所述处理器内部连接通信的收发器；所述处理器用于生成物理层协议数据单元PPDU，所述PPDU包括长训练字段LTF序列；所述收发器用于发送所述PPDU。
第五方面提供的传输物理层协议数据单元的装置用于执行上述第一方面或第一方面任意可能的实现方式，具体细节可参见上述第一方面或第一方面任意可能的实现方式，此处不再赘述。
第六方面，本申请实施例提供一种传输物理层协议数据单元的装置，所述装置包括处理器和与所述处理器内部连接通信的收发器；所述收发器用于接收PPDU；所述处理器用于对接收到的所述PPDU进行解析，得到所述PPDU包括的长训练字段LTF序列。
第六方面提供的传输物理层协议数据单元的装置用于执行上述第二方面或第二方面任意可能的实现方式，具体细节可参见上述第二方面或第二方面任意可能的实现方式，此处不再赘述。
第七方面，本申请实施例提供一种传输物理层协议数据单元的装置，所述装置包括处理电路和与所述处理电路内部连接通信的输出接口，所述处理电路用于生成物理层协议数据单元PPDU，所述PPDU包括长训练字段LTF序列；所述输出接口用于发送所述PPDU。
第七方面提供的传输物理层协议数据单元的装置用于执行上述第一方面或第一方面任意可能的实现方式，具体细节可参见上述第一方面或第一方面任意可能的实现方式，此处不再赘述。
第八方面，本申请实施例提供一种传输物理层协议数据单元的装置，所述装置包括处理电路和与所述处理电路内部连接通信的输入接口，所述输入接口用于接收PPDU；所述处理电路用于对接收到的所述PPDU进行解析，得到所述PPDU包括的长训练字段LTF序列。
第八方面提供的传输物理层协议数据单元的装置用于执行上述第二方面或第二方面任意可能的实现方式，具体细节可参见上述第二方面或第二方面任意可能的实现方式，此处不再赘述。
第九方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，用于存储计算机程序，所述计算机程序包括用于执行上述第一方面或第一方面任意可能的实现方式的指令。
第十方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，用于存储计算机程序，所述计算机程序包括用于执行上述第二方面或第二方面任意可能的实现方式的指令。
第十一方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机程序，所述计算机程序包括用于执行上述第一方面或第一方面任意可能的实现方式的指令。
第十二方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机程序，所述计算机程序包括用于执行上述第二方面或第二方面任意可能的实现方式的指令。
附图说明
图1是适用于本申请实施例的方法的通信系统的示意图；
图2a是适用于本申请实施例的接入点的内部结构图；
图2b是适用于本申请实施例的站点的内部结构图；
图3是适用于本申请实施例的802.11ax中80MHz的载波规划(tone plan)示意图；
图4是适用于本申请实施例的802.11be中80MHz的载波规划(tone plan)示意图；
图5是适用于本申请实施例的1x、2x、4x模式的序列的示意图；
图6为适用于本申请实施例的生成对抗网络GAN的示意图；
图7为适用于本申请实施例的DNN示意图；
图8为适用于本申请实施例的传输PPDU的流程示意图；
图9为适用于本申请实施例的传输PPDU的装置结构示意图；
图10为适用于本申请实施例的传输PPDU的装置结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请实施例进行详细描述。
为了大幅提升WLAN系统的业务传输速率，IEEE 802.11ax标准在现有正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing，OFDM)技术的基础上，进一步采用正交频分多址(orthogonal frequency division multiple access，OFDMA)技术。OFDMA技术是OFDM和FDMA技术结合而成的一种适用于多用户接入的技术。由于OFDM技术一般应用于单向广播信道中，而大多数的实际通信系统都是支持多用户并发通信的，在OFDM技术基础上通过为每个用户分配子载波中的一组或者几组子载波组，就得到了一种新的多址技术OFDMA。OFDMA将物理信道划分为多个资源块，每个资源块又包括多个子载波(子信道)，每个用户可以占用一个资源块进行传输。因此，多个用户可以并行传输，降低了多用户竞争接入的时间开销和冲突概率，并且在OFDMA技术中，因为子载波相互重叠，所以极大提高了频谱利用率，能有效抵抗多径干扰，抵抗载波间干扰，并且接收端均衡简单。OFDMA技术支持多个节点同时发送和接收数据，从而实现多站点分集增益。
近年来，无线流量超高速增长，用户对通信服务质量的需求也越来越高如低时延，超可靠等，无线局域网作为承载无线流量业务的关键技术，不断发展和演进，以满足人们对无线传输的越来越高的要求。现有的IEEE 802.11ax已经难以在大吞吐量、低抖动和低延迟方面满足，因此迫切需要发展下一代WLAN技术，例如IEEE 802.11be标准或极高吞吐率(extremely high throughput，EHT)标准或Wi-Fi7标准来解决上述极致性能需求。接下来以802.11be标准为例进行说明。
IEEE 802.11be继续沿用802.11ax中使用的OFDMA传输方式。与802.11ax不同，802.11ax最大采用带宽160MHz，802.11be将采用超大带宽240MHz和320MHz，以实现超高传输速率和支持超密用户场景。
众所周知，OFDM采用频域均衡技术，因此信道估计的精确程度对通信性能有极大的影响，然而OFDM系统具有高PAPR的缺点，尤其是在大带宽下，更多的子载波导致更为严重的PAPR，高PAPR将会导致信号非线性失真，降低系统性能。由于OFDMA技术是OFDM技术演变而来，故其不可避免地继承了OFDM技术具有较高PAPR的特点。因此在OFDMA系统中，LTF序列设计依然将PAPR作为一个重要的考虑因素。
802.11be标准上资源块分布(tone plan)和导频位置与802.11ax标准中资源块分布(tone plan)和导频位置不同。如果直接把802.11ax80MHz的LTF应用到802.11be标准上，LTF序列在部分资源块上的PAPR值比较高，在有些资源块上的PAPR值已经大于数据Data部分的PAPR的平均值。另一方面，由于802.11be中引入了组合RU，有些序列，即使在单个RU上的PAPR值较低，但在组合RU上的PAPR值可能会比较高。可理解的，组合RU是指将多个RU组合分配给一个STA。每个RU的位置包括这个RU的数据子载波位置以及导频子载波的位置。因此，为了信道估计更加精确，在IEEE 802.11be中，需要重新设计低PAPR的信道估计序列LTF。
基于此，本申请实施例提供了一种设计LTF序列的方法及传输物理层协议数据单元PPDU的方法，本申请实施例中的LTF序列考虑了多流场景下多个LTF序列，在单个RU上的PAPR、组合RU上的PAPR，以及在整个带宽上的PAPR值。
需要注意的是，此处的多流，以及下文提到的多流，均为P矩阵带来的相位翻转而产生的。
下面将对本申请实施例提供的传输PPDU的方法的系统架构进行简要说明。可理解的，本申请实施例描述的系统架构是为了更加清楚的说明本申请实施例的技术方案，并不构成对于本申请实施例提供的技术方案的限定。
本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于各种通信系统，例如：无线局域网(wireless local area network，WLAN)通信系统，全球移动通讯(global system of mobile communication，GSM)系统、码分多址(code division multiple access，CDMA)系统、宽带码分多址(wideband code division multiple access，WCDMA)系统、通用分组无线业务(general packet radio service，GPRS)、长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)系统、LTE频分双工(frequency division duplex，FDD)系统、LTE时分双工(time division duplex，TDD)、通用移动通信系统(universal mobile telecommunication system，UMTS)、全球互联微波接入(worldwide interoperability for microwave access，WiMAX)通信系统、未来的第六代(6th generation，6G)系统或新无线(new radio，NR)等。
以下作为示例性说明，仅以无线局域网(wireless local area network，WLAN)系统为例，描述本申请实施例的应用场景以及本申请实施例的方法。
具体而言，本申请实施例可以应用于无线局域网WLAN，并且本申请实施例可以适用于WLAN当前采用的电气与电子工程师协会(institute of electrical and electronics engineers，IEEE)802.11系列协议中的任意一种协议。WLAN可以包括一个或多个基本服务集(basic service set，BSS)，基本服务集中的网络节点包括接入点(access point，AP)和站点(station，STA)。
为便于理解本申请实施例，首先以图1中示出的通信系统为例详细说明适用于本申请实施例的通信系统。如图1所示的场景系统可以是WLAN系统，图1的WLAN系统可以包括一个或者多个AP，和一个或者多个STA，图1以一个AP和三个STA为例。AP和STA之间可以通过各种标准进行无线通信。例如，AP和STA之间可以采用单用户多入多出(single-user multiple-input multiple-output，SU-MIMO)技术或多用户多入多出(multi-users multiple-input multiple-output，MU-MIMO)技术进行无线通信。
可选的，图1仅是示意图，本申请实施例提供的传输PPDU的方法除了应用于AP与一个或多个STA通信的场景中，还可以应用于AP与AP的通信场景，也同样适用于STA与STA的通信场景。
本申请中的传输PPDU方法可以由无线通信系统中的通信设备或通信设备中的芯片或处理器实现。该通信设备可以是接入点(access point，AP)设备或站点(station，STA)设备；该通信设备还可以是一种支持多条链路并行传输的无线通信设备，例如，该通信设备可以称为多链路设备或多频段设备(multi-band device)。相比于仅支持单条链路传输的通信设备来说，多链路设备具有更高的传输效率和更大的吞吐率。
其中，接入点(AP)是一种具有无线通信功能的装置，支持采用WLAN协议进行通信，具有与WLAN网络中其他设备(比如站点或其他接入点)通信的功能，当然，还可以具有与其他设备通信的功能。在WLAN系统中，接入点可以称为接入点站点(AP STA)。该具有无线通信功能的装置可以为一个整机的设备，还可以是安装在整机设备中的芯片或处理系统等，安装这些芯片或处理系统的设备可以在芯片或处理系统的控制下，实现本申请实施例的方法和功能。本申请实施例中的AP是为STA提供服务的装置，可以支持802.11系列协议。例如，AP可以为通信服务器、路由器、交换机、网桥等通信实体；AP可以包括各种形式的宏基站，微基站，中继站等，当然AP还可以为这些各种形式的设备中的芯片和处理系统，从而实现本申请实施例的方法和功能。AP也称为无线访问接入点或热点或桥接器等。AP可以接入服务器或无线网络。AP是移动用户进入有线网络的接入点，主要部署于家庭、大楼内部以及园区内部，也可以部署于户外。AP相当于一个连接有线网和无线网的桥梁，其主要作用是将各个无线网络客户端连接到一起，然后将无线网络接入以太网。具体地，AP可以是带有无线保真(wireless fidelity，WiFi)芯片的终端设备或者网络设备。可选地，AP可以为支持802.11等多种WLAN制式的设备。
图2a示出了AP产品的内部结构图，其中，AP可以是多天线的，也可以是单天线的。图2a中，AP包括物理层(physical layer，PHY)处理电路和媒体接入控制(media access control，MAC)处理电路，物理层处理电路可以用于处理物理层信号，MAC层处理电路可以用于处理MAC层信号。
站点(例如图1中的STA)是一种具有无线通信功能的装置，支持采用WLAN协议进行通信，具有与WLAN网络中的其他站点或接入点通信的能力。在WLAN系统中，站点可以称为非接入点站点(non-access point station,non-AP STA)。例如，STA是允许用户与AP通信进而与WLAN通信的任何用户通信设备，该具有无线通信功能的装置可以为一个整机的设备，还可以是安装在整机设备中的芯片或处理系统等，安装这些芯片或处理系统的设备可以在芯片或处理系统的控制下，实现本申请实施例的方法和功能。例如，STA可以为平板电脑、桌面型、膝上型、笔记本电脑、超级移动个人计算机(Ultra-mobile Personal Computer，UMPC)、手持计算机、上网本、个人数字助理(Personal Digital Assistant，PDA)、 手机等可以联网的用户设备，或物联网中的物联网节点，或车联网中的车载通信装置或，娱乐设备，游戏设备或系统，全球定位系统设备等，STA还可以为上述这些终端中的芯片和处理系统。站点也可以称为系统、用户单元、接入终端、移动站、移动台、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、终端、无线通信设备、用户代理、用户装置或用户设备(user equipment，UE)。该STA可以是蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(session initiation protocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、具有无线局域网(例如Wi-Fi)通信功能的手持设备、可穿戴设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备。
图2b示出了单个天线的STA结构图，实际场景中，STA也可以是多天线的，并且可以是两个以上天线的设备。图3中，STA可以包括物理层(physical layer，PHY)处理电路和媒体接入控制(media access control，MAC)处理电路，物理层处理电路可以用于处理物理层信号，MAC层处理电路可以用于处理MAC层信号。
上述内容简要阐述了本申请实施例的系统架构，为便于理解本申请实施例，下面先对本申请涉及到的几个名词或术语进行简单介绍。
1)、子载波
无线通信信号都是有限带宽的，利用OFDM技术可以在信道带宽内按照一定频率间隔将带宽分成多个频率分量，这些分量被称为子载波。子载波的下标为连续的整数，其中，下标为0的子载波对应直流分量，下标为负数的子载波对应低于直流的频率分量，下标为正数的子载波对应高于直流的频率分量。
2)、802.11ax的载波规划/资源块分布(tone plan)
资源块分布也可以理解为承载数据的子载波分布，不同的信道带宽可以对应的不同的tone plan。在应用OFDMA及多用户多入多出(multiple user multiple input multiple output，MU-MIMO)技术时，AP会将频谱带宽划分为若干个资源单元(resource unit，RU)。IEEE 802.11ax协议规定对于20MHz、40MHz、80MHz和160MHz的频谱带宽划分成多类资源块。图3是本申请实施例提供的802.11ax中80MHz的载波规划(tone plan)示意图，包括，36个资源单元(resource unit，RU)26，或包括16个RU52，或包括8个RU106，或包括4个RU242，或包括2个RU484，或包括1个RU996和5个直流子载波。其中，第一个RU242与第二个RU242的中间无空隙；第二个RU242与第三个RU242之间存在7个直流子载波/空子载波；第三个RU242与第四个RU242的中间也无空隙。需要说明的是，不同的总带宽所能支持的RU的种类和数量不相同，但是在同一带宽下，可以支持混合类型的资源块。
3)、802.11be的载波规划/资源块分布(tone plan)
为了满足用户的超大带宽、超高传输速率以及极高吞吐率的要求，802.11be将带宽从160MHz扩大到240MHz和320MHz。其中，240MHz可以看作3个11be 80MHz子载波的直接拼接，320MHz可以看作4个11be 80MHz子载波的直接拼接。
图4是本申请实施例提供的802.11be中80MHz的载波规划(tone plan)示意图。其中，802.11be的80MHz带宽包括36个RU26，或包括16个RU52，或包括8个RU106，或包括4个RU242，或包括2个RU484和5个直流子载波/空子载波(也就是两个489，么个489中包括一个RU484和5个直流子载波/空子载波)，或包括1个RU996和5个直流子载波。其中，第一个RU242与第二个RU242之间存在5个直流子载波；第三个RU242与第 四个RU242之间也存在5个直流子载波。
可理解的，RU26可以指26个子载波组成的资源单元。还可理解的，这26个子载波可以是连续的，也可以是不连续的。同理，RU52可以指52个子载波组成的资源单元，RU106可以指106个子载波组成的资源单元，RU242可以指242个子载波组成的资源单元等等。
图3所示的tone plan和图4所示的tone plan的导频分布也是不同的，后续表1-表6介绍了图4所示的tone plan的导频分布。图3所示的tone plan的导频分布可以参照现有技术，不再赘述。
OFDMA系统中，多用户的数据包是多种大小的RU组合而成，可以分配给每个用户一个RU，可能分配给用户的可选RU有如下几种：
(1)连续26个子载波组成的RU，包括：24个数据子载波和2个pilot导频子载波；
(2)连续52个子载波组成的RU，包括：48个数据子载波和4个pilot导频子载波；
(3)连续106个子载波组成的RU，包括：102个数据子载波和4个pilot导频子载波；
(4)连续242个子载波组成的RU，包括：234个数据子载波和8个pilot导频子载波；
(5)连续484个子载波组成的RU，包括：468个数据子载波和16个pilot导频子载波；
(6)连续996个子载波组成的RU，包括：980个数据子载波和16个pilot导频子载波。
其中，484-RU是在40MHz的多用户传输中使用，而996-RU是在80MHz或160MHz的多用户传输中使用。应理解，160MHz的tone plan可以看作2个80MHz的tone plan组成。240MHz的tone plan可以看作3个80MHz的tone plan组成。320MHz的tone plan可以看作4个80MHz的tone plan组成，此处不再赘述。
下面将分别介绍802.11be的80MHz带宽中不同RU的位置及每个RU中的导频的位置。
(a)在图4的80MHz子载波设计中，RU26的数据子载波和导频子载波索引如下述表1所示。
表1：RU26的数据子载波和导频子载波索引
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000002
其中，上述表1中第2列和第3列中的每一行指示一个RU26，例如，第2列的最后一行指示第18个RU26[-38 -13]，第18个RU26的位置为编号-38的子载波到编号-13的子载波；又如第3列的第五行指示第23个RU26[120 145]，第23个RU26的位置为编号120的子载波到编号145的子载波。上述表1中的第4列按序指示相应26-tone RU中的导频子载波索引，比如第一个26-tone RU为从编号-499的子载波到编号-474的子载波，其中导频子载波是编号-494的子载波和编号-480的子载波。又如，第二个26-tone RU为从编号-473的子载波到编号-448的子载波，其中导频子载波是编号-468的子载波和编号-454的子载波。再如，第36个26-tone RU为从编号474的子载波到编号499的子载波，其中导频子载波是编号480的子载波和编号494的子载波。可理解的，26-tone RU和RU26可以相互替换使用。
(b)在图4的80MHz子载波设计中，RU52的数据子载波和导频子载波索引如下述表2所示。一个RU52中包括48个数据子载波和4个导频子载波。
表2：RU52的数据子载波和导频子载波索引
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000003
其中，上述表2中第2列中的每一行指示一个RU，例如，第2列的第一行指示第1个RU52[-38 -13]，第1个RU52的位置为编号-499的子载波到编号-448的子载波。上述表2中的第3列按序指示相应52-tone RU中的导频子载波索引，比如第2个52-tone RU为从编号-445的子载波到编号-394的子载波，其中导频子载波是编号-440、编号-426、编号-414以及编号-400的子载波。可理解的，52-tone RU和RU52可以相互替换使用。
应理解，下面的表格，表达同样的意思，下文中将不再赘述此义。
(c)在图4的80MHz子载波设计中，RU106的数据子载波和导频子载波索引如下述表3所示。一个RU106中包括102个数据子载波和4个导频子载波。可理解的，106-tone RU和RU106可以相互替换使用。
表3：RU106的数据子载波和导频子载波索引
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000004
(d)在图4的80MHz子载波设计中，RU242的数据子载波和导频子载波索引如下述表4所示。一个RU242中包括234个数据子载波和8个导频子载波。可理解的，242-tone RU和RU242可以相互替换使用。
表4：RU242的数据子载波和导频子载波索引
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000005
(e)在图4的80MHz子载波设计中，RU484的数据子载波和导频子载波索引如下述表5所示。其中，484-tone RU和RU484可以相互替换使用。可理解的，802.11ax的80MHz的484-tone RU是连续484个子载波组成的RU，802.11be的80MHz的484-tone RU虽然还是468个数据子载波和16个导频子载波，但是中间有5个直流子载波或者空子载波。比如第一个484-tone RU，子载波编号从-500到-12，其中5个直流子载波的编号为-258、-257、-256、-255、-254，16个导频子载波的编号为-494、-468、-426、-400、-360、-334、-292、-266、-246、-220、-178、-152、-112、-86、-44、-18。
表5：RU484的数据子载波和导频子载波索引
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000006
(f)在图4的80MHz子载波设计中，RU996的数据子载波和导频子载波索引如下述表6所示。其中，996-tone RU和RU996可以相互替换使用。802.11be的80MHz的996-tone RU中有980个数据子载波和16个导频子载波，中间有5个直流子载波。比如第一个996-tone RU，子载波编号从-500到500，其中5个直流子载波的编号为-2、-1、0、1、2。其中16个导频子载波的编号为-468、-400、-334、-266、-220、-152、-86、-18、+18、+86、+152、+220、+266、+334、+400、+468。
表6：RU996的数据子载波和导频子载波索引
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000007
可选的，本申请实施例提供PPDU中包括的LTF序列是放置在240MHz带宽和320MHz带宽上使用的，240MHz带宽和320MHz带宽可以由如图4所示的80MHz tone plan构造。其中，160MHz带宽的子载波设计是基于2个80MHz，即80MHz中的[RU子载波索引，导频位置子载波索引]-512:80MHz中的[RU子载波索引，导频位置子载波索引]+512。同理，240MHz带宽的子载波设计是基于3个80MHz。320MHz带宽的子载波的设计是基于2个160MHz，即[Pilot indices in 160MHz/160MHz导频索引]-1024:[Pilot indices in 160MHz/160MHz导频索引]+1024。
4)、峰均功率比
无线信号从时域上观测是幅度不断变化的，所以无线信号的发射功率并不恒定。峰均功率比(peak to average power ratio，PAPR)，简称峰均比。可以指一个符号内，连续信号瞬间功率峰值与信号功率平均值之比。可以用如下公式表示：
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000008
其中，Xi，表示一组序列的时域离散值；max(Xi2)，表示时域离散值平方的最大值；mean(Xi2)，表示时域离散值平方的平均值。
OFDM符号是由多个独立经过调制的子载波信号叠加而成的，当各个子载波相位相同或者相近时，叠加信号便会受到相同初始相位信号的调制，从而产生较大的瞬时功率峰值。由此带来较大的PAPR。OFDM系统具有高PAPR的缺点，尤其是在大带宽下，更多的子载波导致更为严重的PAPR。由于一般的功率放大器的动态范围都是有限的，所以峰均比较大的MIMO-OFDM信号极易进入功率放大器的非线性区域，高PAPR将会导致信号非线 性失真，造成明显的频谱扩展干扰以及带内信号畸变，降低系统性能，所以在设计序列时，要求序列的PAPR越小越好。
5)、长训练序列的4x，2x和1x模式
为了进一步提高不同场景下的系统效率，LTF字段需要支持4x，2x和1x模式。图5为适用于本申请实施例的一种4x，2x和1x模式示意图，以20MHz带宽为例，当子载波的位置标记为-128，-127，…，-2，-1，0，1，2，…，127时，4xHE-LTF码元载有长训练序列的子载波位于-122，-121，…，-3，-2，2，3，…，121，122，其余为空子载波，子载波间隔为
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000009
2xHE-LTF码元载有长训练序列的子载波位于-122，-120，…，-4，-2，2，4，…，120，122，其余为空子载波；等效的可将子载波的位置标记为-64，-63，…，-2，-1，0，1，2，…，63，则2xHE-LTF码元载有长训练序列的子载波位于-61，-60，…，-2，-1，1，2，…，60，61，其余为空子载波，此时子载波间隔为
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000010
类似的，1xHE-LTF码元载有长训练序列的子载波集中位于-120，-116，…，-8，-4，4，8，…，116，120，其余为空子载波；等效的可将子载波的位置标记为-32，-31，…，-2，-1，0，1，2，…，31，则1x HE-LTF码元载有长训练序列的子载波位于-30，-29，…，-2，-1，1，2，…，29，30，其余为空子载波，此时子载波间隔为
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000011
也就是序列中相邻的4个元素为一组，如果这一组中只有一个元素不为0，则为1x模式，如果这一组中有两个元素不为0，则为2x模式，如果这一组中的4个元素均不为0，则为4x模式。
6)、生成对抗网络(generative adversarial networks，GAN)。
如图6示，GAN包括一个生成器(Generator，G)和一个判别器(Discriminator，D)，生成器和判别器互相对抗。
生成器用于捕捉真实样本数据分布，产生新样本，尽可能生成接近真实样本的新样本，从而欺骗判别器。生成器的输入为均匀或高斯分布的随机噪声z，输入数据维度为(batch_size，dim_noise)。
判别器通常是一个二分类器，输入数据有两类，一类输入为生成器的输出数据(假样本)，一类输入为训练集合数据(真样本)，训练集合数据由算法生成。判别器用于判别生成器生成的样本是假样本还是真样本。
可以理解，在训练过程中，判别器D会接收真样本数据和生成器G产生的假样本数据，判别器的任务是：判断生成器生成的数据是属于真样本数据还是假样本数据。对于最后输出的结果，可以同时对两方的参数进行调优。如果判别器D判断正确，那就需要调整生成器G的参数，从而使得生成的假样本数据更为逼真；如果判别D判断错误，则需调节判别器D的参数，避免下次类似判断出错。训练会一直持续到两者进入到一个均衡和谐的状态。
训练后的产物是一个质量较高的自动生成器和一个判断能力较强的判别器。前者可以用于机器创作(例如自动画出“猫”“狗”)，而后者则可以用来机器分类(例如自动判断“猫”“狗”)。
如图7所示，生成器网络和判别器网络均可以使用的是三层深度神经网络(DNN)，具体包括输入层、隐藏层和输出层。生成器网络每一层的神经元数目都是可调的，例如神经元数据数目可以分别为dim_noise，dim_hidden和n_data，其中，batch_size，dim_noise，dim_hidden都是可调参数，n_data与带宽以及上采样倍数有关，80MHz时，n_data＝496，输出层使用激活函数tanh，其他层使用激活函数ReLU。判别器网络每一层的神经元数目 分别为n_data，dim_hidden和1，输出层使用激活函数sigmoid，其他层激活函数使用ReLU。
7)、在采用单流导频模式发送WiFi信号时，其所对应的LTF字段的每个LTF符号上的导频子载波和数据子载波会乘以不同的值，从而改变了原始LTF序列的结构，可能会导致在乘以某些系数的情况下，LTF字段的信号的PAPR值偏高。
OFDM技术中，会利用多个LTF字段用来帮助站点估计多个空间流(spatial stream)的信道。为了准确估计空间流信道，保持各流的LTF正交，WiFi标准中提出使用P矩阵的元素乘以LTF。具体地，第m个空间流发送的第n个LTF符号的数据子载波乘以P矩阵的第m行第n列元素，导频子载波乘以R矩阵的第m行第n列元素。R矩阵的每一行都等于P矩阵的第一行。当数据子载波和导频子载波乘以相同的数值时，得到的新的序列的PAPR不会发生变化，当数据子载波和导频子载波乘以不同的数值时，得到的新的序列的PAPR可能会发生变化。
P矩阵大小通过为2×2，4×4，6×6，8×8，10×10，12×12，14×14，16×16等。例如一个空间流要发送4个LTF时，可以采用4×4大小的P矩阵来实现正交。
示例的，P矩阵主要有下面几种：
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000014
w＝exp(-j 2π/6)
不同大小的P矩阵中的元素不同，可能表示不同的翻转相位。例如：4*4和8*8，16*16大小的P矩阵种的元素均为1和-1，对应是同一个翻转相位。示例的，导频位置*1，非导位置*1；或者导频位置*1，非导位置*-1；或者导频位置*-1，非导位置*1；或者导频位置*-1，非导位置*-1。当导频位置和非导频位置乘以相同的数值时，进行相位翻转后的序列在单个RU、在组合RU、在整个带宽上的PAPR相对于之前的序列的PAPR不会发生变化。当导频位置和非导频位置乘以不同的数值时，进行相位翻转后的序列在单个RU、在组合RU、在整个带宽上的PAPR相对于之前的序列的PAPR才会发生变化。通常一个序列进行相位翻转后可以得到4个PAPR不同的序列。
本申请中的LTF序列考虑相位翻转，得到的翻转序列在单个RU，在组合RU以及在 整个带宽上的PAPR均是比较低的，因此在多流(即空间流)场景下的序列的PAPR均是较低的。
上述内容介绍了与本申请实施例有关的内容，下面将结合更多的附图对本申请实施例提供的传输PPDU的方法进行详细说明。本申请实施例可以应用于多个不同的场景下，包括图1所示的场景，但并不限于该场景。示例性地，对于上行传输，STA可以作为发送端，AP可以作为接收端；对于下行传输，AP可以作为发送端，STA可以作为接收端。对于其他传输场景，例如，AP和AP之间的数据传输，其中一个AP可以作为发送端，另一个AP可以作为接收端；又例如，STA和STA之间的上行传输，其中一个STA可以作为发送端，另一个STA可以作为接收端。本申请实施例以第一通信设备与第二通信设备来描述该方法，可以理解的，第一通信设备可以为AP或STA(例如图1所示的AP或STA)，第二通信设备也可以为AP或STA(例如图1所示的AP或STA)。
本申请实施例提供了多种可能的LTF序列。这些LTF序列在单个RU上的PAPR值较低，在组合RU上的PAPR值较低，以及在整个带宽上的PAPR值也较低；并且还考虑了多流场景，这些序列进行相位翻转后得到的翻转序列在单个RU上PAPR值较低，在组合RU上的PAPR值较低，以及在整个带宽上的PAPR值也较低。可理解的，PAPR值越小，对线性功放的要求越低，性能就越好。
参见图8，图8是本申请实施例提供的一种传输PPDU的方法的示意性流程图。图8所示的方法可以包括但不限于如下步骤：
S810：第一通信设备生成物理层协议数据单元PPDU，所述PPDU包括长训练字段LTF，所述长训练字段LTF中承载LTF序列。
具体地，第一通信设备生成LTF序列的方法后续介绍。
S820：第一通信设备发送该PPDU。相应地，第二通信设备接收PPDU。
S830：第二通信设备解析PPDU，得到PPDU中的LTF序列。关于具体的解析方式可参考现有描述，对此不做限定。
可理解的，本申请提及的“LTF序列”可以指LTF的频域序列，也可称为长训练域的频域序列。
接下来介绍S810中生成LTF序列的方法。
具体包括以下步骤：
第一，确定训练集合，训练集合中包括多条训练数据，每条训练数据即一个样本LTF。每条训练数据均考虑了多流场景下的多个LTF序列的PAPR，在单个RU上PAPR值较低，在组合RU上的PAPR值较低，以及在整个带宽上的PAPR值也较低。
第二，根据训练集合中的训练数据，训练生成对抗网络GAN。
第三，采用训练好的生成对抗网络GAN中的生成模型，生成本申请提供的多种可能的LTF序列。生成模型生成的LTF序列与样本LTF序列具有相同的特性，即生成模型上生的LTF序列在单个RU上PAPR值较低，在组合RU上的PAPR值较低，以及在整个带宽上的PAPR值也较低，并且还考虑了多流场景，这些序列进行相位翻转后得到的多个翻转序列在单个RU上PAPR值较低，在组合RU上的PAPR值较低，以及在整个带宽上的PAPR值也较低。
其中，所述确定训练集合，包括：
步骤1：获取基序列，该基序列为长训练序列LTF。
结合LTF序列的应用场景和应用需求，选择恰当长度的、具有低PAPR性质的基序列。
示例的，在生成适用于图3所示的802.11ax中80MHz的载波规划(tone plan)的序列时，可以选择802.11ax标准中的80MHz LTF序列作为基序列。
示例的，在生成用于图4所示的802.11be中80MHz的载波规划(tone plan)的序列时，可以选择802.11ax标准中的80MHz LTF序列作为基序列。
或者采用一定方式构造出的序列，该序列的长度以及结构符合tone plan结构即可。
示例的，如果想要生成器生成2x的序列时，可以选择2x的序列作为基序列。如果想要生成器生成1x的序列时，可以选择1x的序列作为基序列。如果想要生成器生成4x的序列时，可以选择4x的序列作为基序列。如果想要生成器生成80MHz的序列时，可以选择80MHz的序列作为基序列。如果想要生成器生成160MHz的序列时，可以选择160MHz的序列作为基序列。
通常，80MHz基序列长度n ifft＝1024bit，这长度为1024bit的序列中包括最左边12个0(对应12个左边带子载波)，最右边11个0(对应11个右边带子载波，中间5个0(对应中间5个直流子载波)。为了简化训练，也可以采用长度为1001bit的基序列，即不包括最左边12个0，最右边11个0，中间5个0。
步骤2：将基序列中的一个或多个非零元素取反，得到新序列。
例如将“1”取反后为“-1”，将“-1”取反后为“1”。由于1024长度太长，为方便理解，以一个长度为5bit的基序列0 1 0 1 1为例进行说明，该序列0 1 0 1 1仅是一个举例，不应对实施例造成限定。例如，由基序列0 1 0 1 1得到的新序列可以是以下7种序列中的任一种，这7种序列分别为：0 -1 0 1 1、0 1 0 -1 1、0 1 0 1 -1、0 -1 0 -1 1、0 -1 0 1 -1、0 1 0 -1 -1、0 -1 0 -1 -1。
步骤3：对步骤2中的新序列中非导频位置的元素进行相位翻转，得到多个序列，记为翻转序列。
在上述已经介绍了经过相位翻转，一个新序列就可以得到多个翻转序列。本申请中所有可能出现的翻转序列的PAPR中包括了原序列的PAPR。
例如，在基序列0 1 0 1 1中，规定了第2位和第4位，这两个非0位为数据子载波的位置，即非导频位置。以新序列0 -1 0 1 1为例，可以对新序列中的第2位和第4位上的元素进行相位翻转。
例如，导频位置*1，非导频位置*-1，则新序列0 -1 0 1 1对应的翻转序列为0 1 0 -1 1。
当采用16*16的P矩阵进行相位翻转时，可以适用于16流。本申请对于16*16的P矩阵包括的元素不进行限定。
步骤4：确定步骤3中的一个该新序列对应的每个翻转序列，在tone plan中的整个带宽上的PAPR，在单个RU上的PAPR，以及在组合RU上的PAPR。
单个RU例如RU26、RU106；组合RU例如，RU26+RU52，RU106+RU26、RU484+RU242等。并且需要注意的是，组合RU也可以包括打孔场景下的RU的组合，例如RU484+RU242在NON-OFDMA场景下等价于打孔形式下的RU484+RU242。
如果一个新序列可以翻转出4种不同PAPR的翻转序列，则一个新序列就可以对应计算出x*4个PAPR。此处的x为单个RU、组合RU以及整个带宽的PAPR的总数量。
步骤5：设置一个阈值，当步骤4中的这些PAPR均小于或等于设定阈值时，就可以将步骤3中的所述新序列作为一条训练数据添加到训练集合p data(x)中。示例的，可以在步骤4中的这些PAPR中选择一个最大的PAPR，将最大的PAPR与阈值进行比较，如果最大的PAPR小于或等于设定阈值，则可以将新序列添加到训练集合中。在保证这个条序列在整个带宽上的PAPR值也较低的前提下，也保证了这条序列在单个RU上PAPR值较低，在组合RU上的PAPR值较低，并且还考虑了多流场景，这些序列进行相位翻转后得到的翻转序列在单个RU上PAPR值较低，在组合RU上的PAPR值较低，以及在整个带宽上的PAPR值也较低。
或者，步骤4中的这些PAPR中一定比例的PAPR小于或等于设定阈值，就可以将步骤3中的所述新序列作为一条训练数据添加到训练集合p data(x)中。例如，该比例为99％、98％等，例如一个新序列可以对应计算出x*4个PAPR，这些PAPR中有99％的PAPR小于或等于设定阈值，则可以将步骤3中的所述新序列作为一条训练数据添加到训练集合p data(x)中。
再或者，步骤4中的多个翻转序列中有一定比例的翻转序列的PAPR均小于或等于设定阈值时，就可以将步骤3中的所述新序列作为一条训练数据添加到训练集合p data(x)中。例如，该比例大于或等于3/4。例如，一个新序列得到4个不同PAPR的翻转序列中，有3个翻转序列分别计算出的x个PAPR均小于设定阈值，其中一个翻转序列的x个PAPR中有部分PAPR大于设定阈值，也可以将该新序列作为一条训练数据添加到训练集合p data(x)中。
设定阈值例如可以是6.3db，6.5db等。示例的，该阈值可以参考RU的数据部分的PAPR平均值、中值等。
通常，训练集合中可以至少包括500条序列，即n_sample＝500。当然也可以包括更多条序列。
对于传输带宽分别为160MHz、240MHz和320MHz的情况下，采用同样的方法获得对应的训练集合。区别在于基序列长度由1024变成了2048、3072、4096。
需要注意的是，本申请可以采用穷举法，执行步骤2-步骤5的过程，则可以得到很多符合较低PAPR要求的LTF。为了快速得到多条符合较低PAPR要求的LTF，也可以采用训练集合中的训练数据，训练生成对抗网络GAN。当GAN网络训练完成后，就可以通过GAN网络中的生成模型生成多条符合较低PAPR要求的LTF，可以更加简单快速的得到符合较低PAPR要求的LTF。
其中，所述根据训练集合中的训练数据，训练生成对抗网络GAN，包括：
在图6中已经介绍，GAN包括生成模型G和判别模型D，生成模型也可以称为生成器或生成网络；判别模型也可以称为判别器或判别网络。
步骤1：初始化判别模型D的参数θ D，以及生成模型G的参数θ G。
步骤2：训练判别器，也就是训练参数θ D。
设置批次大小batch_size＝50，该批次大小的参数可人为调整。
从训练集合p data(x)中取出batch_size个训练数据即LTF，标记该batch_size个LTF的标签为真样本。
随机产生一组数值，该组数值符合预设特征，该预设特征可以是高斯分布，或者正太 分布，或者均匀分布等。该一组数值可以是batch_size行，dim_noise列的矩阵，矩阵中的每个元素服从预设特征，这就是随机噪声z～p(z)。将随机噪声z～p(z)送入GAN网络的生成器，该生成器就可以生成batch_size个LTF，标记生成器生成的LTF的标签为假样本。
dim_noise与带宽的有关，dim_noise可以为带宽下的LTF序列的长度，例如在生成80HMz下的LTF时，dim_noise一般为1024或者1001。在生成160MHz下的LTF时，dim_noise一般为2048。
将标签为假样本的LTF序列和标签为真样本序列，输入未训练完成的判别模型，获取所述未训练完成的判别模型输出的所述标签为假样本的序列的结果，所述结果为真样本或假样本；根据多个所述结果，对所述未训练完成的判别模型进行训练。
可以理解的，为了更新网络，每次从训练数据集p data(x)中取batch_size个样本,将该batch_size个样本作为真实数据送入GAN网络的判别器。判别器的训练目标是能判断出生成器生成的是假样本，训练集合的样本是真样本。对于x来自于生成器G的分布，D(x)要接近于0，对于x是真实分布中，D(x)要接近与1。所以判别器的损失函数为
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000016
判别器的优化目标为max DL(D)。通过Adam优化算法优化判别器的损失函数L(D)，获得更新后的网络参数θ D。
步骤3：训练生成器，也就是训练参数θ G。
从训练集合p data(x)中取出batch_size个训练数据即LTF。
随机产生一组数值，该组数值符合预设特征，该预设特征可以是高斯分布，或者正太分布，或者均匀分布等。该一组数值可以是batch_size行，dim_noise列的矩阵，矩阵中的每个元素服从预设特征，这就是随机噪声z～p(z)。将随机噪声z～p(z)送入生成器中，该生成器就可以生成batch_size个LTF。
dim_noise与带宽的有关，dim_noise可以为带宽下的LTF序列的长度，例如在生成80HMz下的LTF时，dim_noise一般为1024或者1001。在生成160MHz下的LTF时，dim_noise一般为2048。
将生成器生成的LTF序列和训练集合中的LTF序列，输入步骤2中的训练完成的判别模型中，获取所述训练完成的判别模型输出的所述生成器生成的LTF序列的结果，所述结果为真样本或假样本；根据多个所述结果，对所述未训练完成的生成模型进行训练。
可以理解的，将随机噪声z～p(z)送入GAN网络的生成器，通过生成器获得新的序列集合，生成的批次样本为G(z)，大小为(batch_size,n_data)，生成器的训练目标是通过优化生成分布，让判别器误以为生成的假样本为真，所以生成器的损失函数为L(G)＝E z～p(z)log(1-D(G(z)))，生成器的优化目标为min GL(G)。通过Adam优化算法优化判别器的损失函数L(G)，获得更新后的网络参数θ G。
步骤4：重复步骤2和步骤3，在训练过程中，GAN的生成器和判别器交替优化，不断更新两个网络的参数θ D和θ G。
步骤5：θ D和θ G更新一定次数后，查看生成器G生成的LTF序列的PAPR指标(考虑了相位翻转和资源分块)，若低于设定阈值，则将其填充到训练集合p data(x)中，若训练集合的数据数目超出一定范围，只保留PAPR较小的一部分训练集合。然后再不断更新网络参数的过程中，不断更新训练集合，也就是继续执行步骤3、步骤4和步骤5。使得训练数据的PAPR越来越小。
其中，所述采用训练好的生成对抗网络GAN中的生成模型，生成LTF序列，包括：
生成一组数值，该组数值符合预设特征，该预设特征可以是高斯分布，或者正太分布， 或者均匀分布等。将该组数值输入训练完成的生成模型中，则可以获取到训练完成的生成模型输出的一个或多个LTF序列。这一个或多个LTF序列在单个RU上PAPR值较低，在组合RU上的PAPR值较低，以及在整个带宽上的PAPR值也较低，并且还考虑了多流场景，这些序列进行相位翻转后得到的翻转序列在单个RU上PAPR值较低，在组合RU上的PAPR值较低，以及在整个带宽上的PAPR值也较低。
进一步地，还可以将生成模型生成的一个或多个序列作为训练集中的序列，采用这些序列对所述生成模型和判别模型再次进行训练。
接下来介绍在80MHz带宽、160MHz带宽、240MHz带宽、320MHz带宽下的2x模式的LTF序列。
(1)、一种可能的80MHz带宽的2x LTF序列，包括1024个元素，记为:序列一。
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000018
(2)、一种可能的160MHz带宽的2x LTF序列，包括2048个元素，记为：序列二。
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000020
(3)、一种可能的240MHz带宽的2x LTF序列，包括3072个元素，记为：序列三。
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000024
(4)、一种可能的320MHz带宽的2x LTF序列，包括4096个元素，记为：序列四。
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000025
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000026
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000027
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000028
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000029
上述的序列一至序列四均可以通过GAN网络的生成器生成。
接下来参见表7所示，第四行介绍了上述的序列一自身和其对应的翻转序列、序列二自身和其对应的翻转序列、序列三自身和其对应的翻转序列、序列四自身和其对应的翻转序列在整个带宽上、单个RU，以及组合RU上的多个PAPR中的最大值。
也就是上面描述的序列一自身及对应的翻转序列在80MHz的整个带宽上、单个RU，以及组合RU上的多个PAPR中的最大值为5.9927dB。序列二自身及对应的翻转序列在160MHz的整个带宽上、单个RU、以及组合RU上的多个PAPR中的最大值为6.2554 dB。序列三自身及翻转序列在240MHz的整个带宽上、单个RU、以及组合RU上的多个PAPR中的最大值为6.8042dB。序列四自身及翻转序列在320MHz的整个带宽上、单个RU、以及组合RU上的多个PAPR中的最大值为7.2206dB。
假设GAN网络生成了x1个80MHz 2x的LTF序列，针对该80MHz 2x的LTF序列及其对应的翻转序列，在整个带宽上、单个RU、以及组合RU上的多个PAPR中选择出最大的PAPR，则一共可以选择出x1个PAPR，即选出x1个PAPR最大值，每个PAPR最大值对应一个GAN网络生成的80MHz 2x LTF序列。
比如，GAN网络生成了10个80MHz 2x的LTF序列。每一个80MHz 2x的LTF序列可以对应3个翻转序列。第一个80MHz 2x的LTF序列及其对应的3个翻转序列，在整个带宽上、单个RU、以及组合RU上的多个PAPR中选择出一个最大的PAPR。第二个80MHz 2x的LTF序列及其对应的3个翻转序列，在整个带宽上、单个RU、以及组合RU上的多个PAPR中选择出一个最大的PAPR。第十个80MHz 2x的LTF序列及其对应的3个翻转序列……则10个80MHz 2x的LTF序列就可以对应选择出10个PAPR最大值。
然后，在x1个PAPR最大值中，再选最小的PAPR值，这个选出来的最小PAPR对应的GAN网络生成的80MHz 2x LTF序列，即为我们想要的80MHz 2x的LTF序列。
例如，表7中的5.9927dB是从x1个PAPR最大值中选出来的最小PAPR，5.9927dB对应的GAN网络生成的80MHz 2x序列即为我们想要的80MHz 2x的LTF序列，即上述的 序列一。
同理，GAN网络生成了x2个160MHz 2x的LTF序列，则可以选择出x2个PAPR最大值，6.2554dB是从x2个PAPR最大值中选出来的最小PAPR。6.2554dB对应的GAN网络生成的160MHz 2x序列，即为我们想要的160MHz 2x的LTF序列，即上述的序列二。
GAN网络生成了x3个240MHz 2x的LTF序列，则可以选择出x3个PAPR最大值，6.8042dB是从x3个PAPR最大值中选出来的最小PAPR。6.8042dB对应的GAN网络生成的240MHz 2x序列，即为我们想要的240MHz 2x的LTF序列，即上述的序列三。
GAN网络生成了x4个320MHz 2x的LTF序列，则可以选择出x4个PAPR最大值，7.2206dB是从x4个PAPR最大值中选出来的最小PAPR。7.2206dB对应的GAN网络生成的320MHz 2x序列，即为我们想要的320MHz 2x的LTF序列，即上述的序列四。
另外，训练集合中包括y1个80MHz 2x的LTF序列，针对每个LTF序列，在该LTF序列自身及对应的翻转序列在整个带宽上、单个RU、以及组合RU上的多个PAPR中选择出最大的PAPR，则一共可以选择出y1个PAPR。这个y1个PAPR中的最小值为：第三行中的6.23dB。
同理，训练集合中包括y2个160MHz 2x的LTF序列，针对每个LTF序列，在该LTF序列自身及对应的翻转序列在整个带宽上、单个RU、以及组合RU上的多个PAPR中选择出最大的PAPR，则一共可以选择出y2个PAPR。这个y2个PAPR中的最小值为：第三行中的6.3556dB。
同理，训练集合中包括y3个240MHz 2x的LTF序列，针对每个LTF序列，在该LTF序列自身及对应的翻转序列在整个带宽上、单个RU、以及组合RU上的多个PAPR中选择出最大的PAPR，则一共可以选择出y3个PAPR。这个y3个PAPR中的最小值为：第三行中的7.0284dB。
同理，训练集合中包括y4个240MHz 2x的LTF序列，针对每个LTF序列，在该LTF序列自身及对应的翻转序列在整个带宽上、单个RU、以及组合RU上的多个PAPR中选择出最大的PAPR，则一共可以选择出y4个PAPR。这个y4个PAPR中的最小值为：第三行中的7.3882dB。
表7中第四行的数值均小于第三行的数值，也就是GAN网络生成的LTF序列的PAPR小于训练集合中的LTF序列的PAPR，则GAN网络生成的不同带宽下的LTF的序列的PAPR值更低些。
表7：LTF的PAPR对比
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000030
(5)、一种可能的80MHz带宽下的2x LTF序列，记为：
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000031
(6)、一种可能的80MHz带宽下的2x LTF序列，记为：序列六。
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000032
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000033
序列六去掉最左边的12个0和最右边的11个0后的序列命名为LTF2x80M_1，即LTF2x80M_1＝序列六(13:1013)，此处的13:1013是指序列六中的第13个至第1013个元素。
(7)、一种可能的80MHz带宽下的2x LTF序列，记为：序列七。
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000034
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000035
下文中介绍：序列七去掉最左边的12个0和最右边的11个0后的序列命名为LTF2x80M_2，即LTF2x80M_2＝LTF2x80M_gan2(13:1013)，此处的13:1013是指序列六中的第13个至第1013个元素。
接下来参见表8所示，介绍了上述的序列五及对应的翻转序列、序列六及对应的翻转序列、序列七及对应的翻转序列，在整个带宽上、单个RU，以及组合RU上的PAPR中的最大值均为7.1799dB。
假设GAN网络生成了x5个80MHz 2x的LTF序列，针对每个80MHz 2x LTF序列，在该80MHz 2x的LTF序列自身及对应的翻转序列在整个带宽上、单个RU、以及组合RU上的多个PAPR中选择出最大的PAPR，则一共可以选择出x5个PAPR，即选出x5个PAPR最大值，这x5个PAPR最大值可能部分相同，也可能完全不同。每个PAPR最大值对应一个GAN网络生成的80MHz 2xLTF序列。
然后，在x5个PAPR最大值中，再选最小的PAPR值，这个选出来的最小PAPR对应的LTF序列，即为我们想要的80MHz 2x的LTF序列。
例如，表8中的7.1799dB是从x5个PAPR最大值中选出来的最小PAPR，7.1799dB对应的GAN网络生成的80MHz 2x序列，即为我们想要的80MHz 2x的LTF序列，即上述的序列五、序列六和序列七。也就是x5个PAPR最大值中的最大值7.1799dB有三个。
训练集合中包括y5个80MHz 2x的LTF序列。针对每个LTF序列，在该LTF序列自身及对应的翻转序列在整个带宽上、单个RU、以及组合RU上的多个PAPR中选择出最大的PAPR，则一共可以选择出y5个PAPR。这个y5个PAPR中的最小值为：7.3010 dB。
GAN网络生成的LTF序列的PAPR小于训练集合中的LTF序列的PAPR，则GAN网络生成的不同带宽下的LTF的序列的PAPR值更低些。
表8
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000036
(8)、接下来介绍160MHz 2x的LTF序列。
首先，将80MHz 2x的LTF序列去掉最左边的12个0和最右边的11个0。然后将剩下的1013-13+1＝1001个元素分为5部分，分别为：第1至第242个元素、第243至第484个元素、第485至第517个元素、第518至第759个元素、第760至第1001个元素。将这5部分乘以不同的系数，进行拼接，然后加上最左边的12个0和最右边的11个0，则 得到160MHz 2x的LTF序列。
示例的，选取的80MHz 2x的LTF序列为上述(6)中的序列六。序列六去掉最左边的12个0和最右边的11个0后的序列命名为LTF2x80M_1，即LTF2x80M_1＝序列六(13:1013)，此处的13:1013是指序列六中的第13个至第1013个元素，对应子载波-500至500。
将LTF2x80M_1中的1013-13+1＝1001个元素分为5部分，分记为：LTF2x80M_1(1:242)、LTF2x80M_1(243:484)、LTF2x80M_1(485:517)、LTF2x80M_1(518:759)、LTF2x80M_1(760:1001)。需要注意的是，1:242、243:484、485:517、518:759、760:1001是指LTF2x80M_1中的第1至第242个元素、第243至第484个元素、第485至第517个元素、第518至第759个元素、第760至第1001个元素，而不是子载波编号。将这5部分乘以不同的系数，进行拼接，以及加上最左边的12个0和最右边的11个0，则得到2x、160M MHz序列，记：2xEHT_LTF_160M。
2xEHT_LTF_160M＝
{0 12，LTF2x80M_part1,LTF2x80M_part2,LTF2x80M_part3,LTF2x80M_part4,LTF2x80M_part5,0 23,LTF2x80M_part1,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part2,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part3,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part4,LTF2x80M_part5，0 11}；
即这5部分对应的系数分别为：1、1、1、1、1；1、-1、-1、-1、1。
LTF2x80M_part1＝LTF2x80M_1(1:242)；LTF2x80M_part2＝LTF2x80M_1(243:484)；
LTF2x80M_part3＝LTF2x80M_1(485:517)；LTF2x80M_part4＝LTF2x80M_1(518:759)；
LTF2x80M_part5＝LTF2x80M_1(760:1001)。
0 12为连续12个0，0 23为连续的23个0，0 11为连续的11个0。
该2xEHT_LTF_160M序列及对应的翻转序列在整个带宽上、在单个资源块上、以及在组合资源块上，以及考虑多流场景下的PAPR中最大的PAPR为7.8274dB。
(9)接下来介绍320MHz 2x的LTF序列。
首先，将80MHz 2x的LTF序列去掉最左边的12个0和最右边的11个0。然后将剩下的1013-13+1＝1001个元素分为5部分，分别为：第1至第242个元素、第243至第484个元素、第485至第517个元素、第518至第759个元素、第760至第1001个元素。将这5部分乘以不同的系数，进行拼接，然后加上最左边的12个0和最右边的11个0，则得到320MHz 2x的LTF序列。
示例的，选取的80MHz 2x的LTF序列为上述(7)中的序列七。序列七去掉最左边的12个0和最右边的11个0后的序列命名为LTF2x80M_2，即LTF2x80M_2＝序列七(13:1013)，此处的13:1013是指序列七中的第13个至第1013个元素，对应子载波-500至500。
将LTF2x80M_2中的1013-13+1＝1001个元素分为5部分，分记为：LTF2x80M_2(1:242)、LTF2x80M_2(243:484)、LTF2x80M_2(485:517)、LTF2x80M_2(518:759)、LTF2x80M_2(760:1001)。需要注意的是，1:242、243:484、485:517、518:759、760:1001是指LTF2x80M_2中的第1至第242个元素、第243至第484个元素、第485至第517个元素、第518至第759个元素、第760至第1001个元素，而不是子载波编号。将这5部分乘以不同的系数，进行拼接，以及加上最左边的12个0和最右边的11个0，则得到2x、 320M MHz序列，记：2xEHT_LTF_320M。
2xEHT_LTF_320M＝
{0 12,LTF2x80M_part1,LTF2x80M_part2,LTF2x80M_part3,LTF2x80M_part4,LTF2x80M_part5,0 23,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part1,LTF2x80M_part2,LTF2x80M_part3,LTF2x80M_part4,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part5,0 23,LTF2x80M_part1,LTF2x80M_part2,LTF2x80M_part3,LTF2x80M_part4,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part5,0 23,LTF2x80M_part1,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part2,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part3,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part4,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part5,0 11}；
即这5部分对应的系数分别为：1、1、1、1、1；-1、1、1、1、-1；1、1、1、1、-1；1、-1、-1、-1、-1。
LTF2x80M_part1＝LTF2x80M_2(1:242)；LTF2x80M_part2＝LTF2x80M_2(243:484)；
LTF2x80M_part3＝LTF2x80M_2(485:517)；LTF2x80M_part4＝LTF2x80M_2(518:759)；
LTF2x80M_part5＝LTF2x80M_2(760:1001)。
0 12为连续12个0，0 23为连续的23个0，0 11为连续的11个0。
该2xEHT_LTF_320M序列及对应的翻转序列在整个带宽上、在单个资源块上、以及在组合资源块上，以及考虑多流场景下的PAPR中最大的PAPR为8.7366 dB。
接下来介绍在80MHz带宽下的4x模式的LTF序列。
(10)一种可能的80MHz带宽的4x LTF序列，包括1024个元素，记为:序列八。
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000037
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000038
接下来参见表9所示，介绍了上述的序列八自身和对应的翻转序列在整个带宽上、单个RU、以及组合RU上的PAPR中的最大值为6.8997dB。
假设GAN网络生成了x6个80MHz 4x的LTF序列，针对每个80MHz 4x的LTF序列，在该80MHz 4x的LTF序列自身及对应的翻转序列在整个带宽上、单个RU、以及组合RU上的多个PAPR中选择出最大的PAPR，则一共可以选择出x6个PAPR，即选出x6个PAPR最大值，每个PAPR最大值对应一个GAN网络生成的80MHz 4x LTF序列。
然后，在x6个PAPR最大值中，再选最小的PAPR值，这个选出来的最小PAPR对应的GAN网络生成的80MHz 4x LTF序列，即为我们想要的80MHz 4x的LTF序列。
例如，表9中的6.8997dB是从x6个PAPR最大值中选出来的最小PAPR，6.8997dB对应的GAN网络生成的80MHz 4x序列即为我们想要的80MHz 4x的LTF序列，即上述的序列八。
训练集合中包括y6个80MHz 4x的LTF序列，针对每个LTF序列，在该LTF序列自身及对应的翻转序列在整个带宽上、单个RU、以及组合RU上的多个PAPR中选择出最大的PAPR，则一共可以选择出y6个PAPR。这个y6个PAPR中的最小值为7.1345dB。
GAN网络生成的LTF序列的PAPR小于训练集合中的LTF序列的PAPR，则GAN网络生成的不同带宽下的LTF的序列的PAPR值更低些。
表9
Figure PCTCN2021110082-appb-000039
前文介绍了本申请实施例的传输PPDU的方法，下文中将介绍本申请实施例中的传输PPDU的装置。本申请实施例的传输PPDU的装置包括应用于发送端的传输PPDU的装置和应用于接收端的传输PPDU的装置，应理解，所述应用于发送端的传输PPDU的装置即为上述方法中的第一通信设备，其具有上述方法中第一通信设备的任意功能，所述应用于接收端的传输PPDU的装置即为上述方法中的第二通信设备，其具有上述方法中第二通信设备的任意功能。
本申请实施例可以根据上述方法示例对通信设备进行功能单元的划分，例如，可以对应各个功能划分各个功能单元，也可以将两个或两个以上的功能集成在一个处理单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中对单元的划分是示意性的，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。
参见图9，图9是本申请实施例提供的应用于发送端的传输PPDU的装置的一结构示意图。包括：处理单元11和收发单元12。
处理单元11，用于生成物理层协议数据单元PPDU，该PPDU包括LTF序列；收发单元12，用于发送该PPDU。
可选的，该PPDU包括的LTF序列可以是前述(1)至(10)提供的任一LTF序列。
本申请实施例提供的应用于发送端的传输PPDU的装置即为上述方法中的第一通信设备，其具有上述方法中第一通信设备的任意功能，具体细节可参见上述方法，此处不再赘 述。
参见图10，图10是本申请实施例提供的应用于接收端的传输PPDU的装置的一结构示意图。包括：收发单元21和处理单元22。
收发单元21，用于接收PPDU，该PPDU包括LTF序列；处理单元22，用于对该PPDU进行解析，得到LTF序列。
可选的，该PPDU包括的LTF序列可以是前述(1)至(10)提供的任一LTF序列。
本申请实施例提供的应用于接收端的传输PPDU的装置即为上述方法中的第二通信设备，其具有上述方法中第二通信设备的任意功能，具体细节可参见上述方法，此处不再赘述。
以上介绍了本申请实施例的应用于发送端的传输PPDU的装置和应用于接收端的传输PPDU的装置，以下介绍所述应用于发送端的传输PPDU的装置和所述应用于接收端的传输PPDU的装置可能的产品形态。应理解，但凡具备上述图9所述的应用于发送端的传输PPDU的装置的特征的任何形态的产品，和但凡具备上述图10所述应用于接收端的传输PPDU的装置的特征的任何形态的产品，都落入本申请的保护范围。还应理解，以下介绍仅为举例，不限制本申请实施例的应用于发送端的传输PPDU的装置的产品形态和应用于接收端的传输PPDU的装置的产品形态仅限于此。
作为一种可能的产品形态，本申请实施例应用于发送端的传输PPDU的装置和应用于接收端的传输PPDU的装置，可以由一般性的总线体系结构来实现。
所述应用于发送端的传输PPDU的装置，包括处理器和与所述处理器内部连接通信的收发器。该处理器用于生成PPDU，所述PPDU包括LTF序列；收发器，用于发送所述PPDU。可选地，所述应用于发送端的传输PPDU的装置还可以包括存储器，所述存储器用于存储处理器执行的指令。可选地，该PPDU包括的LTF序列可以是前述(1)至(10)提供的任一LTF序列。
所述应用于接收端的传输PPDU的装置，包括处理器和与所述处理器内部连接通信的收发器。该收发器用于接收PPDU；处理器，用于对接收到的所述PPDU进行解析，得到所述PPDU包括的LTF序列。可选地，所述应用于接收端的传输PPDU的装置还可以包括存储器，所述存储器用于存储处理器执行的指令。可选地，该PPDU包括的LTF序列可以是前述(1)至(10)提供的任一LTF序列。
作为一种可能的产品形态，本申请实施例应用于发送端的传输PPDU的装置和应用于接收端的传输PPDU的装置，可以由通用处理器来实现。
实现应用于发送端的传输PPDU的装置的通用处理器包括处理电路和与所述处理电路内部连接通信的输入输出接口。该处理电路用于生成PPDU，所述PPDU包括LTF序列；该输入输出接口，用于发送所述PPDU。可选地，该通用处理器还可以包括存储介质，所述存储介质用于存储处理电路执行的指令。可选地，该PPDU包括的LTF序列可以是前述(1)至(10)提供的任一LTF序列。
实现应用于接收端的传输PPDU的装置的通用处理器包括处理电路和与所述处理电路内部连接通信的输入输出接口。该输入输出接口用于接收PPDU，该PPDU包括LTF；该 处理电路用于对该PPDU PPDU进行解析，得到所述PPDU包括的LTF序列。可选地，该通用处理器还可以包括存储介质，所述存储介质用于存储处理电路执行的指令。可选地，该PPDU包括的LTF序列可以是前述(1)至(10)提供的任一LTF序列。
作为一种可能的产品形态，本申请实施例所述应用于发送端的传输PPDU的装置和应用于接收端的传输PPDU的装置，还可以使用下述来实现：一个或多个FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)、PLD(可编程逻辑器件)、控制器、状态机、门逻辑、分立硬件部件、任何其它适合的电路、或者能够执行本申请通篇所描述的各种功能的电路的任意组合。
应理解，上述各种产品形态的应用于发送端的传输PPDU的装置和应用于接收端的传输PPDU的装置，分别具有上述方法实施例中第一通信设备和第二通信设备的任意功能，此处不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，当该指令在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行前述传输PPDU的方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机程序产品，当该计算机程序产品在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行前述传输PPDU的方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种无线通信系统，包括第一通信设备(如AP)和第二通信设备(如STA)，该第一通信设备和该第二通信设备可以执行前述传输PPDU的方法。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例中描述的各方法步骤和单元，能够以电子硬件、计算机软件或者二者的结合来实现，为了清楚地说明硬件和软件的可互换性，在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地描述了各实施例的步骤及组成。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。本领域普通技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为了描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参见前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另外，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口、装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，也可以是电的，机械的或其它的形式连接。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本申请实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以是两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者 说对现有技术做出贡献的部分，或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
还需要说明的是，“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“至少一个”是指一个或一个以上；“A和B中的至少一个”，类似于“A和/或B”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和B中的至少一个，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包括有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
尽管已描述了本申请的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本申请范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请实施例进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请实施例的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请实施例的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包括这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种传输物理层协议数据单元的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一通信设备生成物理层协议数据单元PPDU，所述PPDU包括长训练字段LTF序列；
    所述第一通信设备发送所述PPDU。
  2. 一种传输物理层协议数据单元的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第二通信设备接收PPDU；
    所述第二通信设备对接收到的所述PPDU进行解析，得到所述PPDU包括的长训练字段LTF序列。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，80MHz 2x的LTF序列为：
    说明书具体实施方式中的序列一；或者，
    说明书具体实施方式中的序列五；或者，
    说明书具体实施方式中的序列六；或者，
    说明书具体实施方式中的序列七。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，160MHz 2x的LTF序列为：
    说明书具体实施方式中的序列二；或者，
    2xEHT_LTF_160M＝
    {0 12，LTF2x80M_part1,LTF2x80M_part2,LTF2x80M_part3,LTF2x80M_part4,LTF2x80M_part5,0 23,LTF2x80M_part1,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part2,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part3,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part4,LTF2x80M_part5，0 11}；
    其中，LTF2x80M_part1＝LTF2x80M_1(1:242)；
    LTF2x80M_part2＝LTF2x80M_1(243:484)；
    LTF2x80M_part3＝LTF2x80M_1(485:517)；
    LTF2x80M_part4＝LTF2x80M_1(518:759)；
    LTF2x80M_part5＝LTF2x80M_1(760:1001)；
    其中，LTF2x80M_1为说明书具体实施方式中的序列六去掉最左边的12个0和最右边的11个0后的序列。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，240MHz 2x的LTF序列为：
    说明书具体实施方式中的序列三。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，320MHz 2x的LTF序列为：
    说明书具体实施方式中的序列四；或者，
    2xEHT_LTF_320M＝
    {0 12,LTF2x80M_part1,LTF2x80M_part2,LTF2x80M_part3,LTF2x80M_part4,LTF2x80M_part5,0 23,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part1,LTF2x80M_part2,LTF2x80M_part3,LTF2x80M_part4,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part5,0 23,LTF2x80M_part1,LTF2x80M_part2,LTF2x80M_part3,LTF2x80M_part4,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part5,0 23,LTF2x80M_part1,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part2,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part3,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part4,(-1)*LTF2x80M_part5,0 11}；
    其中，LTF2x80M_part1＝LTF2x80M_2(1:242)；
    LTF2x80M_part2＝LTF2x80M_2(243:484)；
    LTF2x80M_part3＝LTF2x80M_2(485:517)；
    LTF2x80M_part4＝LTF2x80M_2(518:759)；
    LTF2x80M_part5＝LTF2x80M_2(760:1001)；
    其中，LTF2x80M_2为说明书具体实施方式中的序列七去掉最左边的12个0和最右边的11个0后的序列。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，80MHz 4x的LTF序列为：
    说明书具体实施例方式中的序列八。
  8. 一种传输物理层协议数据单元的装置，其特征在于，包括用于执行权利要求1、3-7任一项方法的单元。
  9. 一种传输物理层协议数据单元的装置，其特征在于，包括用于执行权利要求2、3-7任一项方法的单元。
  10. 一种传输物理层协议数据单元的装置，其特征在于，包括：至少一个处理器；其中，所述至少一个处理器与存储器耦合，并读取所述存储器中存储的计算机指令，根据所述计算机指令执行如权利要求1、3-7中任一所述的方法。
  11. 一种传输物理层协议数据单元的装置，其特征在于，包括：至少一个处理器；其中，所述至少一个处理器与存储器耦合，并读取所述存储器中存储的计算机指令，根据所述计算机指令执行如权利要求2、3-7中任一所述的方法。
  12. 一种计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序包括用于执行权利要求1、3-7任一项方法的指令，或者包括用于执行权利要求2-7任一项方法的指令。
  13. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，用于存储计算机程序，所述计算机程序包括用于执行权利要求1、3-7中任一项所述的方法的指令，或者包括执行权利要求2-7中任一项所述的方法的指令。
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