WO2022022426A1 - 转子冲片、转子铁芯、转子、电机和车辆 - Google Patents

转子冲片、转子铁芯、转子、电机和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022022426A1
WO2022022426A1 PCT/CN2021/108219 CN2021108219W WO2022022426A1 WO 2022022426 A1 WO2022022426 A1 WO 2022022426A1 CN 2021108219 W CN2021108219 W CN 2021108219W WO 2022022426 A1 WO2022022426 A1 WO 2022022426A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
slot
rotor
magnet
magnetic isolation
motor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/108219
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪盼
王飞
Original Assignee
安徽威灵汽车部件有限公司
广东威灵汽车部件有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202010758157.6A external-priority patent/CN114069919A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202021563080.9U external-priority patent/CN212726608U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202021560686.7U external-priority patent/CN212726607U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202010758110.XA external-priority patent/CN114069918A/zh
Application filed by 安徽威灵汽车部件有限公司, 广东威灵汽车部件有限公司 filed Critical 安徽威灵汽车部件有限公司
Publication of WO2022022426A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022022426A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02Details

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of electrical equipment, in particular, to a rotor punch, a rotor iron core, a rotor, a motor, and a vehicle.
  • the rotor composition of the built-in permanent magnet motor includes rotor punches.
  • the design of the rotor punches directly determines the performance of the motor.
  • the power density of the motor is reduced.
  • torque ripple, maximum speed and vibration and noise are all affected. Therefore, how to reasonably design the rotor to improve the performance of the motor has become an urgent problem to be solved.
  • the present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related technologies.
  • the first aspect of the present application is to provide a rotor punch.
  • a second aspect of the present application is to provide a rotor core.
  • a third aspect of the present application is to propose a rotor.
  • a fourth aspect of the present application is to provide a motor.
  • a fifth aspect of the present application is to propose a vehicle.
  • a sixth aspect of the present application is to provide a rotor punch.
  • a seventh aspect of the present application is to provide a rotor core.
  • An eighth aspect of the present application is to propose a rotor.
  • a ninth aspect of the present application is to provide a motor.
  • a tenth aspect of the present application is to propose a vehicle.
  • a rotor punch which includes a punch body, a shaft hole and a plurality of mounting parts.
  • the shaft hole is arranged on the punching body.
  • a plurality of mounting parts are arranged on the punch body around the shaft hole, and each mounting part of the plurality of mounting parts includes a plurality of magnet slots.
  • the plurality of magnet slots include a first magnet slot and two second magnet slots, and the first magnet slots are disposed away from the shaft hole.
  • Each of the two second magnet slots includes a first slot end and a second slot end. The first slot end is arranged close to the shaft hole. The second slot end is disposed away from the shaft hole.
  • the distance between the two first slot ends is smaller than the distance between the two second slot ends, and at least part of the first magnet slot is located between the two second slot ends.
  • the connecting line between the center of the shaft hole and the center of the first magnet slot extends along the axial direction of the punch body to form a center plane, the second magnet slot includes a first vertex away from the center plane, and the first vertex is connected to the center of the shaft hole.
  • the line is the first connecting line, and the first connecting line forms an included angle with the center plane.
  • a rotor punch provided by one design of the present application includes a punch body, a shaft hole and a plurality of mounting parts. Rotor blanks are used in motors.
  • the shaft hole is opened on the punching piece body, and the punching piece body is made of silicon steel material.
  • silicon steel refers to silicon alloy steel with a silicon content of 1.0% to 4.5% and a carbon content of less than 0.08%. Silicon steel has the characteristics of high magnetic permeability, low coercivity, and large resistivity, so it has good magnetic permeability and small hysteresis loss and eddy current loss.
  • the shaft hole is used to assemble the shaft of the rotor.
  • the plurality of mounting parts are arranged on the punch body around the shaft hole.
  • each mounting portion includes a plurality of magnet slots for fitting the permanent magnets of the rotor.
  • the plurality of magnet slots includes a first magnet slot and two second magnet slots.
  • the first magnet slot is disposed on the punch body away from the shaft hole.
  • Each second magnet slot includes a first slot end and a second slot end, the first slot end is disposed close to the shaft hole, and the second slot end is disposed away from the shaft hole. That is, the two second magnet slots are arranged on the punching body in a V shape, and at least a part of the first magnet slot is located between the two second slot ends.
  • the first magnet slot and the two second magnet slots are triangular-like.
  • the connecting line between the center of the shaft hole and the center of the first magnet slot is the center line, and the center line extending along the axial direction of the punch body can form the center plane.
  • the second magnet slot includes a first vertex away from the central plane, that is, the distance between the first vertex and the central plane is greater than the distance between other vertices in the second magnet slot and the central plane.
  • the connecting line between the first vertex and the center of the shaft hole is the first connecting line.
  • the included angle can be reasonably valued, so that the positions of the two second magnet slots relative to the shaft hole can be arranged, so that the overall structural layout of the rotor punching piece can be arranged. More reasonable, on the basis of ensuring the output torque of the motor, it can reduce the production cost of the motor, effectively improve the sine degree of the air gap magnetic field, reduce the harmonics, improve the vibration and noise problem, reduce the maximum no-load line back EMF peak, weaken the motor rotation. torque ripple and improve motor efficiency, enabling high-performance, low-cost motor designs.
  • the cross section of the first magnet slot is a geometric figure and/or a non-geometric figure.
  • the center of the first magnet slot is the center of the geometric figure.
  • the center of the first magnet slot is the intersection of the line connecting the two farthest points in the circumferential direction and the line connecting the two farthest points in the radial direction as the center.
  • the included angle formed by the first connecting line and the central plane is ⁇ 1, wherein, p is half of the number of mounting parts.
  • the value of the angle ⁇ 1 formed by the first connection line and the center plane has a great influence on the output torque, torque ripple, and air-gap magnetic field of the motor.
  • the larger the value of ⁇ 1, the other performance of the motor will be affected. Therefore, the reasonable value of ⁇ 1 plays a crucial role in the excellent performance of the motor.
  • the output torque of the motor when the value of ⁇ 1 is limited to the above range, the reluctance torque component and the permanent magnet torque component of the motor can be reasonably distributed, so that the cost of electromagnets can be increased without increasing the cost.
  • the output torque of the motor is composed of the reluctance torque component and the permanent magnet torque component.
  • the permanent magnet torque is proportional to the amount of permanent magnets in the motor, and the reluctance torque is proportional to the quadrature axis inductance and the straight axis.
  • the ratio of the inductance, and the ratio of the quadrature-axis inductance to the straight-axis inductance is related to the value of the included angle ⁇ 1 formed by the first connection line and the central plane.
  • a reasonable value of the included angle ⁇ 1 can increase the ratio of the quadrature-axis inductance to the direct-axis inductance of the motor, improve the reluctance torque component, and output the same size of the motor rotation.
  • the permanent magnet torque can be smaller, thereby reducing the amount of permanent magnets, thereby reducing the cost. It should be noted that p is half of the number of mounting parts, and p is the number of pole pairs of the motor.
  • the second magnet slot includes a second straight slot wall, the second straight slot wall is connected between the first slot end and the second slot end, and the plane and the center of the second straight slot wall are located The angle between the faces is ⁇ 2, where,
  • the second magnet slot includes a second straight slot wall, and the second straight slot wall is connected between the first slot end and the second slot end.
  • the included angle formed by the plane where the second straight groove wall is located and the center plane is ⁇ 2. According to the above relationship, ⁇ 2 matching ⁇ 1 can be obtained, so that the direct-axis magnetic circuit and the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit of the motor can be affected, so that various performances of the motor can be indirectly affected.
  • the output torque of the motor when ⁇ 1 satisfies the aforementioned relationship, and the ratio of ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 1 is within the above range, the reluctance torque component and the permanent magnet torque component of the motor can be reasonably distributed, so as not to increase In the case of the cost of electromagnetic parts, the output torque of the motor is increased.
  • the output torque of the motor is composed of the reluctance torque component and the permanent magnet torque component.
  • the permanent magnet torque of the motor is proportional to the amount of the permanent magnet
  • the reluctance torque is proportional to the quadrature axis inductance and the direct axis inductance.
  • the ratio of ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 is directly related to the value of ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2.
  • the slot width L2 of the second magnet slot is greater than the slot width L1 of the first magnet slot.
  • the slot width of the second magnet slot is larger than the slot width of the first magnet slot, that is, the slot width of the two second magnet slots arranged in a V-shaped structure is larger than that of the in-line slot.
  • the slot width of the arranged first magnet slots When the slot widths of the first magnet slot and the second magnet slot satisfy the above relationship, it is more beneficial to the magnetic field strength under each magnetic pole, and the magnetization can be realized.
  • the ratio of the quadrature-axis inductance to the direct-axis inductance of the large motor increases the torque component of the phrase and improves the motor's field-weakening speed expansion capability.
  • the width of the slot of the second magnet slot refers to the width corresponding to the portion of the second magnet slot for accommodating the permanent magnet.
  • the slot width of the first magnet slot refers to the width corresponding to the portion of the first magnet slot for accommodating the permanent magnet.
  • the notch width L2 of the second magnet slot is greater than or equal to 15 mm and less than or equal to 21 mm.
  • the specific value of the slot width L2 of the second magnet slot is further limited.
  • the value of L2 meets the above range, it will be more conducive to the distribution of the magnetic field intensity under each magnetic pole, which can achieve Magnetization, while increasing the output torque of the motor, can further increase the ratio of the quadrature-axis inductance to the direct-axis inductance of the motor, thereby increasing the torque component of the phrase and improving the motor's field-weakening speed expansion capability.
  • the slot thickness W2 of the second magnet slot is greater than or equal to the slot width W1 of the first magnet slot, and less than or equal to 1.5 times the slot width W1 of the first magnet slot.
  • the thickness of the slot of the second magnet slot is greater than or equal to the thickness of the slot of the first magnet slot, that is, the thickness of the slot of the two second magnet slots arranged in a V-shaped structure is greater than or equal to one Slot thickness of the first magnet slots arranged in a font.
  • the slot thicknesses of the first magnet slot and the second magnet slot satisfy the above relationship, it is more beneficial to the magnetic field strength under each magnetic pole, and the magnetization can be realized.
  • the ratio of the quadrature-axis inductance to the direct-axis inductance of the large motor increases the torque component of the phrase and improves the motor's field-weakening speed expansion capability.
  • the thickness of the notch of the second magnet slot is greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm.
  • the specific value of the notch thickness of the second magnet slot is further limited.
  • the value of W2 satisfies the above range, it will be more conducive to the distribution of the magnetic field intensity under each magnetic pole, and the convergence can be achieved.
  • Magnetism while increasing the output torque of the motor, can further help to increase the ratio of the quadrature axis inductance to the direct axis inductance of the motor, thereby increasing the phrase torque component and improving the motor's weak field speed expansion capability.
  • the rotor punch further includes a magnetic isolation slot, and the magnetic isolation slot is arranged between the end of the first magnet slot and the outer edge of the punch body.
  • the magnetic isolation slot is arranged on the punch body.
  • the magnetic isolation slot is located between the first magnet slot and the outer edge of the punch body, so the magnetic isolation slot can be located between the first magnet slot and the punch body.
  • the part of the punching body between the two is divided into two magnetic isolation bridges, one of the two magnetic isolation bridges is close to the first magnet slot, and the other of the two magnetic isolation bridges is close to the outer edge of the punching body.
  • the double magnetic isolation bridge structure can Improving the mechanical strength of the rotor punch can optimize the rotor magnetic field distribution, significantly improve the electromagnetic torque of the motor with the rotor punch, effectively improve the magnetic leakage and demagnetization of the permanent magnet located in the magnet slot, and disperse the rotor punch.
  • the centrifugal stress around the magnet slot under high speed conditions solves the problem that the mechanical strength of the rotor is difficult to meet the requirements of the motor at high speed, and realizes the design of low flux leakage and high strength motor.
  • the utilization rate and the power density of the motor can be significantly improved, further improving the working performance of the motor, and at the same time, it can also weaken the torque ripple of the motor to a certain extent, reduce the running noise of the motor, and improve the user's comfort.
  • each mounting part includes two magnetic isolation grooves, the two magnetic isolation grooves have the same shape, the same size, and have a relatively regular structure, which is convenient for processing and forming.
  • the first magnet slot includes a first straight slot wall away from the shaft hole, the plane where the first straight slot wall is located is the first end surface, and the magnetic isolation slot is located on a side of the first end face away from the shaft hole. side.
  • the first magnet slot includes a first straight slot wall away from the shaft hole, and the plane where the first straight slot wall is located is the first end face. It should be noted that when the first permanent magnet is assembled in the first magnet slot, the first straight slot wall is the slot wall on the side of the first permanent magnet away from the shaft hole. Wherein, there is a gap between the first straight slot wall and the first permanent magnet. When there is a gap between the first straight slot wall and the first permanent magnet, the installation of the first permanent magnet can be facilitated.
  • the magnetic isolation groove is located on the side of the first end face away from the shaft hole, so as to ensure that the magnetic isolation groove can effectively improve the magnetic flux leakage of the punching body without affecting the dq axis magnetic circuit of the motor, ensuring that the motor Sufficient permanent magnet torque.
  • the rotor punch further includes an air gap slot, and the air gap slot is provided on the punch body and located between the two first slot ends.
  • an air gap slot is also provided between the first slot ends of the two second magnet slots, and when the plurality of magnet slots are arranged on the punch body, they are located at the first slot ends of the two second magnet slots.
  • the part of the punching body between them forms a magnetic isolation bridge, and the width of the magnetic isolation bridge is relatively large, and the magnetic flux leakage situation is more serious.
  • the air gap slot is arranged between the two first slot ends, so that the width of the magnetic bridge spaced between the two first slot ends can be reduced, thereby effectively reducing the magnetic flux leakage and improving the performance of the rotor with the rotor.
  • the power density of the punched motor is also provided between the first slot ends of the two second magnet slots, and when the plurality of magnet slots are arranged on the punch body, they are located at the first slot ends of the two second magnet slots.
  • the air gap grooves extend along the radial direction of the punch body, that is, the air gap grooves extend along the radial direction of the shaft hole.
  • a double magnetic bridge structure is formed between the two first slot ends, thereby helping to reduce the amount of space in the two second magnet slots.
  • the magnetic leakage phenomenon at the end of the permanent magnet improves the utilization rate of the permanent magnet.
  • the double magnetic bridge structure design can bear the stress together, further strengthens the mechanical strength of the rotor punching piece, and avoids the motor running at high speed due to internal stress. Lead to the problem of damage to the rotor punching piece.
  • the mechanical strength of the rotor punching sheet is improved, so that the peak speed of the motor can be further increased, which is beneficial to improve the power density of the motor.
  • a part of the punch body between the air gap slot and the first slot end constitutes a magnetic isolation bridge, and the width W3 of the magnetic isolation bridge is greater than or equal to 0.5mm and less than or equal to 2.7mm.
  • part of the punch body between the air gap slot and the first slot end constitutes a magnetic isolation bridge. Since there are two first slot ends, the air gap slot and the two adjacent first slot ends can be separated from each other. Two magnetic isolation bridges are formed, and the widths of the magnetic isolation bridges both satisfy the above relationship. Of course, the widths of the two magnetic isolation bridges may be the same or different, as long as the above relational expressions are satisfied.
  • the radius of the punch body is r
  • the air gap groove includes an air gap wall away from the shaft hole
  • the minimum value of the vertical distance between the air gap wall and the outer edge of the punch body is H1
  • the radius of the punch body is r. It is worth noting that the radius here refers to the radius of the circle where the outer periphery of the punch body is located.
  • the air gap groove includes an air gap wall far from the shaft hole, and the minimum value of the vertical distance between the air gap wall and the outer edge of the punch body is H1, in other words, the outer edge of the part of the punch body close to the air gap wall is the first edge, then H1 is the vertical distance between the air gap wall and the first edge.
  • the stress distribution on the sheet body strengthens the mechanical strength of the rotor sheet, avoids damage to the rotor sheet due to internal stress when the motor is running at high speed, and improves the mechanical strength of the rotor sheet, so that the peak speed of the motor can be improved. Further increase is beneficial to improve the power density of the motor.
  • the mounting portion further includes an auxiliary groove, and a part of the outer edge of the punching piece body of the auxiliary groove is recessed toward the shaft hole to form the auxiliary groove.
  • a part of the outer edge of the punching body is recessed toward the shaft hole to form an auxiliary groove, which can effectively reduce the harmonic content in the air gap magnetic field of the motor, thereby increasing the sine of the air gap magnetic density waveform and improving the
  • the torque ripple of the motor can reduce the radial force caused by harmonics, reduce the running noise of the motor, and improve the vibration noise of the motor, thereby improving the user's comfort.
  • the present application can also partially adjust the no-load back EMF waveform and radial force of the motor by arranging a concave auxiliary groove on the rotor punching sheet, thereby reducing the maximum no-load line back EMF of the motor. It is worth noting that the torque pulsation of the motor largely depends on the non-sinusoidal air gap magnetic field. The higher the harmonic content in the air gap magnetic field, the worse the output torque waveform of the motor. big.
  • the number of auxiliary grooves is multiple, the multiple auxiliary grooves are arranged at intervals, and the multiple auxiliary grooves are arranged symmetrically along the center plane.
  • each mounting portion may be provided with a plurality of auxiliary grooves, for example, each mounting portion may be provided with 4 auxiliary grooves, and the plurality of auxiliary grooves may be arranged on the punch body at intervals.
  • the number of pole pairs of the motor is p
  • the number of mounting parts is 2p
  • each mounting part can be provided with a plurality of auxiliary slots.
  • a plurality of auxiliary grooves on each mounting portion are symmetrically arranged along the center plane, and the number of auxiliary grooves is at least two, which are arranged in pairs.
  • the auxiliary groove is an arc-shaped groove.
  • the groove depth of the auxiliary groove is greater than or equal to 0.1mm and less than or equal to 0.9mm.
  • the auxiliary grooves are arc-shaped grooves, and specifically, the groove bottoms of the auxiliary grooves are arc-shaped. Further, the groove depth of the auxiliary groove satisfies the above-mentioned relationship, so that the volume of the auxiliary groove can be made smaller, and the shape of the outer edge of the punching piece body caused by the auxiliary groove can be prevented from being greatly changed.
  • the plurality of auxiliary slots include two inner auxiliary slots and two outer auxiliary slots.
  • the two inner auxiliary slots are symmetrically arranged along the center plane and have the same size and size. between the outer edges of the punch body.
  • the two outer auxiliary grooves are symmetrically arranged along the center plane and have the same size and size, and the two outer auxiliary grooves are located on the outer edge of the punching body defined by the two second magnet grooves and the first magnet groove.
  • a rotor iron core including the rotor blanking sheet provided in any of the above designs.
  • the rotor core provided by the present application includes the rotor punch provided by any of the above designs, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the rotor punch, which will not be repeated here.
  • a rotor including the rotor core provided in any of the above designs.
  • the rotor provided by the present application includes the rotor core provided by any of the above designs, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the rotor core, which will not be repeated here.
  • the magnet slots of the plurality of rotor punching pieces of each rotor core in the at least one rotor core pass through along the axial direction of the rotor core to form a slot.
  • the rotor further includes a plurality of permanent magnets, and the plurality of permanent magnets are arranged in the plurality of slots in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the number of rotor cores is multiple, and the multiple rotor cores are stacked in the axial direction. That is, a plurality of rotor cores are stacked in sequence in a direction perpendicular to the rotor punch body to form the rotor. The circumferential contours of all rotor punches on the same rotor core are completely overlapped, and this stacked assembly design can reduce the eddy current loss in the rotor core. Since a plurality of magnet slots are provided on the rotor punching pieces constituting each rotor core, the magnet slots at the same position on the same rotor core overlap and penetrate in the axial direction.
  • a plurality of magnet slots under each pole can form a mounting portion, and the polarity of the permanent magnets fitted in the magnet slots in each mounting portion is the same. Looking counterclockwise, the polarities of the permanent magnets of each pole are alternately and evenly distributed. Installing the permanent magnets into the magnet slots in the rotor core can form a rotor core with permanent magnets inside, which can reduce the amount of time the motor runs during operation. The heating of the magnetic steel due to the eddy current effect.
  • the multiple rotor cores are symmetrically arranged along a reference plane perpendicular to the central axis of the rotor, and the maximum relative rotation angle ⁇ 1 between any two rotor cores among the multiple rotor cores, wherein, N is the number of rotor cores, and Z is the number of stator slots in the motor.
  • the output torque of the motor can be ensured, and the magnetic flux leakage at the end of the permanent magnet can be reduced to the greatest extent, so as to improve the
  • the utilization rate of permanent magnets weakens the cogging torque, reduces the torque ripple of the motor, improves the distribution of the air gap magnetic field, reduces the distortion rate of the air gap magnetic field, and makes the no-load back EMF waveform distribution more sinusoidal.
  • the values of ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 1 are the key factors affecting the distribution of the air-gap magnetic field of the motor.
  • the torque waveform and no-load back-EMF waveform of the motor largely depend on the distribution of the air-gap magnetic field. Among them, the 5th and 7th harmonics in the air-gap magnetic field will bring about 6 times the torque ripple, which is the main reason for the torque ripple. However, the 7th, 11th, 13th, 23rd, and 25th harmonics in the air-gap magnetic field will also cause serious distortion of the no-load back EMF waveform of the motor, resulting in the problem that the peak value of the maximum no-load line back EMF is too high, which exceeds the allowable value of the motor controller.
  • the harmonic is too large, it will also bring about excessive vibration and noise of the motor, increased loss, reduced efficiency and temperature rise, which will directly reduce the performance of the motor.
  • the sine degree of the air gap magnetic field can be effectively improved, the harmonics can be reduced, the vibration and noise problems can be improved, and the maximum air gap can be reduced.
  • the peak of the back EMF of the carrier line, the reduction of motor torque ripple, and the improvement of motor efficiency enable high-performance motor design.
  • the multiple rotor cores are asymmetrical along a reference plane perpendicular to the central axis of the rotor, and the maximum relative rotation angle between any two rotor cores among the multiple rotor cores is ⁇ 2 ,in,
  • the utilization rate of permanent magnets can weaken the cogging torque, reduce the torque ripple of the motor, improve the air gap magnetic field distribution, reduce the distortion rate of the air gap magnetic field, and make the no-load back EMF waveform distribution more sinusoidal.
  • ⁇ 1 The value of and ⁇ 2 is a key factor affecting the distribution of the air gap magnetic field of the motor.
  • the torque waveform and no-load back EMF waveform of the motor largely depend on the distribution of the air gap magnetic field. Among them, the 5th and 7th harmonics in the air-gap magnetic field will bring about 6 times the torque ripple, which is the main reason for the torque ripple.
  • the 7th, 11th, 13th, 23rd, and 25th harmonics in the air-gap magnetic field will also cause serious distortion of the no-load back EMF waveform of the motor, resulting in the problem that the peak value of the maximum no-load line back EMF is too high, which exceeds the allowable value of the motor controller.
  • the harmonic is too large, it will also bring about excessive vibration and noise of the motor, increased loss, reduced efficiency and temperature rise, which will directly reduce the performance of the motor.
  • the sine degree of the air gap magnetic field can be effectively improved, the harmonics can be reduced, the vibration and noise problems can be improved, and the maximum air gap can be reduced.
  • the peak of the back EMF of the carrier line, the reduction of motor torque ripple, and the improvement of motor efficiency enable high-performance motor design.
  • an electric machine comprising the rotor provided in any of the above designs.
  • the motor provided by the present application includes the rotor provided by any of the above designs, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the rotor, which will not be repeated here.
  • the motor includes a stator, the stator is configured to form an assembly cavity, and the rotor is arranged in the assembly cavity.
  • the motor includes a stator with a mounting cavity in which the rotor is disposed and is rotatable relative to the stator.
  • a vehicle including the motor provided in any of the above designs.
  • the vehicle provided by the present application includes the motor provided by any of the above designs, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the motor, which will not be repeated here.
  • the vehicle can be a new energy vehicle.
  • New energy vehicles include pure electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, and hydrogen engine vehicles.
  • the motor provided by any of the above designs can be used as the driving motor of the vehicle.
  • the drive motor alone can realize the activation of the functional devices of the vehicle.
  • the drive motor may cooperate with other drive devices on the vehicle to achieve normal operation of the functional devices on the vehicle.
  • the functional device of the vehicle may be any one or any combination of the following: wheels, air conditioners, lighting components, and the like.
  • the vehicle includes a vehicle body, and the motor is installed in the vehicle body.
  • a rotor punch comprising a punch body, a shaft hole, a plurality of mounting portions and a magnetic isolation slot.
  • the shaft hole is arranged on the punching body.
  • a plurality of mounting parts are arranged on the punch body around the shaft hole, and each mounting part of the plurality of mounting parts includes a plurality of magnet slots.
  • the plurality of magnet slots include a first magnet slot, the first magnet slot is arranged on the punching body away from the shaft hole, the first magnet slot includes a first straight slot wall away from the shaft hole, and the plane where the first straight slot wall is located is the first straight slot wall. one end face.
  • the magnetic isolation slot is arranged on the punch body and located between the first magnet slot and the outer edge of the punch body, and the magnetic isolation slot is located on the side of the first end face away from the shaft hole.
  • the rotor punch provided by the present application includes a punch body, a shaft hole, a plurality of mounting parts and a magnetic isolation slot.
  • the shaft hole is opened on the punching piece body, and the punching piece body is a magnetic steel body.
  • the shaft hole is used to assemble the shaft of the rotor.
  • a plurality of mounting parts are arranged on the punch body around the shaft hole. It is worth noting that the structure of each mounting portion in the plurality of mounting portions may be the same, or may be partially the same, and it may be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • Each mounting portion includes a plurality of magnet slots for fitting the permanent magnets of the rotor.
  • the plurality of magnet slots include a first magnet slot, the first magnet slot is arranged on the punch body relative to the other magnet slots away from the shaft hole, the first magnet slot includes a first straight slot wall away from the shaft hole, the first straight slot wall The plane where it is located is the first end face. It should be noted that when the first permanent magnet is assembled in the first magnet slot, the first straight slot wall is the slot wall on the side of the first permanent magnet away from the shaft hole. Wherein, there is a gap between the first straight groove wall and the first permanent magnet. When there is a gap between the first straight slot wall and the first permanent magnet, the installation of the first permanent magnet can be facilitated.
  • the punch body also includes a magnetic isolation slot, which is arranged on the punch body.
  • the magnetic isolation slot is located between the first magnet slot and the outer edge of the punch body, so the magnetic isolation slot can be located in the first magnet slot.
  • the part of the punching body between the punching body and the punching body is divided into two magnetic isolation bridges, one of the two magnetic isolation bridges is close to the first magnet slot, and the other of the two magnetic isolation bridges is close to the outer edge of the punching body.
  • the magnetic bridge structure can improve the mechanical strength of the rotor punch, optimize the rotor magnetic field distribution, significantly improve the electromagnetic torque of the motor with the rotor punch, effectively improve the magnetic leakage and demagnetization of the permanent magnet located in the magnet slot, and disperse
  • the centrifugal stress around the magnet slot of the rotor punching sheet at high speed can solve the problem that the mechanical strength of the rotor punching sheet cannot meet the requirements at high speed, and realize the design of low magnetic flux leakage and high strength motor.
  • the utilization rate of the permanent magnet and the power density of the motor can be significantly improved, further improving the working performance of the motor, and at the same time, it can also weaken the torque ripple of the motor to a certain extent, reduce the operating noise of the motor, and improve the user's comfort;
  • the magnetic isolation slot is located on the side of the first end face away from the shaft hole, which can ensure that the magnetic isolation slot can effectively improve the magnetic flux leakage of the punching body without affecting the dq-axis magnetic circuit of the motor and ensure sufficient permanent magnet torque of the motor.
  • the magnetic shielding groove being located on the side of the first end face away from the shaft hole, it can also be interpreted that the minimum vertical distance Lmin between any point in the magnetic shielding groove and the first end face is greater than 0. Therefore, while ensuring the improvement of the magnetic flux leakage phenomenon, the dq-axis magnetic circuit of the motor can not be affected, and the sufficient reluctance torque of the motor can be ensured.
  • the cross section of the magnetic isolation slot is a closed triangle, quadrangle, polygon or an irregular geometric figure composed of a triangle, quadrangle, polygon and arc.
  • Each mounting part includes two magnetic isolation grooves, the two magnetic isolation grooves have the same shape, the same size, and have a relatively regular structure, which is convenient for processing and forming.
  • the magnetic isolation slot is located between the end of the first magnet slot and the outer edge of the punch body.
  • the magnetic isolation slot is located between the end of the first magnet slot and the outer edge of the punch body.
  • a magnetic isolation slot is provided between the first magnet slot and the outer edge of the punch body to form a double
  • the magnetic bridge structure can effectively improve the structural stress of the rotor at high speed, reduce the deformation of the rotor, avoid the deformation or breakage of the rotor punching piece under the action of centrifugal force under the high speed operation state, and enhance the overall structural strength of the rotor punching piece
  • the magnetic isolation slot between the end of the first magnet slot and the outer edge of the punch body that is, to set the first magnetic isolation slot at the end of the first magnet slot with a larger magnetic flux leakage, Therefore, the magnetic flux leakage at the end of the permanent magnet disposed in the first magnet slot can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the utilization rate of the permanent magnet.
  • the punch body includes a first magnetic isolation bridge, the first magnetic isolation bridge is located between the magnetic isolation slot and the first magnet slot, and the first magnetic isolation bridge has a first isolation bridge away from each other.
  • the magnetic end and the second magnetic separation end, the width of the first magnetic separation end is different from the width of the second magnetic separation end.
  • part of the punch body between the magnetic isolation slot and the first magnet slot is a first magnetic isolation bridge
  • the first magnetic isolation bridge has a first magnetic isolation end and a second magnetic isolation end that are away from each other, and
  • the width of the first magnetic isolation end is different from the width of the second magnetic isolation end, that is, the widths of each part of the first magnetic isolation bridge are not all equal, and one end of the first magnetic isolation bridge can reach saturation to limit the magnetic flux leakage.
  • the other end of a magnetic isolation bridge can play a role in dispersing the stress of the punching sheet, ensuring sufficient mechanical strength of the rotor punching sheet.
  • the number of magnetic isolation slots is two, and the two magnetic isolation slots are respectively provided at both ends of the first magnet slot, and the two magnetic isolation slots are located between the two magnetic isolation slots and the first magnet slot.
  • Part of the punching body is the first body, the first magnetic isolation end is located between the second magnetic isolation end and the first body, and the width of the second magnetic isolation end is greater than the width of the first magnetic isolation end and less than or equal to the width of the first magnetic isolation end. 4 times.
  • the number of magnetic isolation slots is two, and the two magnetic isolation slots are respectively arranged at both ends of the first magnet slot.
  • the punching body also includes a first body, the first body is located between the two magnetic isolation grooves and the first magnet groove, that is, the first body is located on the side of the first magnet groove away from the shaft hole.
  • the first magnetic shielding end is located between the second magnetic shielding end and the first body, that is, the first magnetic shielding end is close to the first body, and the second magnetic shielding end is far away from the first body, wherein the width of the first magnetic shielding end
  • the width of the first magnetic isolation bridge is smaller than the width of the second magnetic isolation end, that is, the overall shape of the first magnetic isolation bridge is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, similar to a trapezoid.
  • the width of the second magnetic shielding end is greater than the width of the first magnetic shielding end, and is less than or equal to 4 times the width of the first magnetic shielding end.
  • the width of the second magnetic shielding end is t2, and the width of the first magnetic shielding end is t1. , where t2 ⁇ k ⁇ t1, k ⁇ (1, 4).
  • the size of the first magnetic isolation bridge can be reasonably allocated, thereby improving the structural strength and magnetic flux leakage phenomenon of the rotor punching piece.
  • k is in the range of 1 to 4, for example, the value of k may be 1.5, 1.8, 2.6, 3.4, and 3.7.
  • the width of the first magnetic shielding end is greater than or equal to the thickness of the punch body.
  • the width t1 of the first magnetic isolation end is greater than or equal to the thickness of the punch body.
  • the first magnet slot includes a middle section and an extension section, and the middle section is used for accommodating the permanent magnets of the rotor.
  • the extension section is arranged at the end of the middle section and communicates with the middle section.
  • the first magnet slot includes a middle section for accommodating the permanent magnets of the rotor and an extension section, and the middle section includes a first straight slot wall.
  • the extension section is arranged at both ends of the middle section, the extension section communicates with the middle section, and the permanent magnet is not arranged in the extension section. That is, when the permanent magnet is inserted into the first magnet slot, the permanent magnet can only be filled in the middle section of the first magnet slot, and the air is filled in the extension section of the first magnet slot. At this time, the extension section can restrain the end of the permanent magnet. Magnetic leakage phenomenon.
  • the minimum distance between the two magnetic isolation slots is d1; the width of the middle section is x1; the number of extension sections is two, and the two extension sections are respectively connected to two parts of the middle section. end, the maximum distance between two extensions is x2, where:
  • the minimum distance between the two magnetic isolation slots is d1
  • the two magnetic isolation slots refer to the two magnetic isolation slots located at both ends of the first magnet slot.
  • the width of the middle section is x1
  • a permanent magnet is arranged in the middle section
  • the width of the middle section is equal to the width of the permanent magnet
  • the width of the middle section is also equal to the width of the permanent magnet.
  • the number of extension sections is two, and the two extension sections are respectively connected at both ends of the middle section, and the maximum distance between the two extension sections is x2.
  • the magnetic isolation slot can make the distribution of the magnetic field more uniform without affecting the main magnetic circuit of the rotor punching piece , the electromagnetic torque waveform is more regular, which can help to reduce the torque ripple of the motor, and at the same time, it can also prevent the magnetic circuit’s equivalent reluctance from being too large and reducing the electromagnetic torque of the motor.
  • the included angle formed by the center of the two magnetic isolation grooves and the center of the shaft hole is ⁇
  • the outer peripheral radius of the punch body is r0
  • the maximum radial width of the first body is The value is h1, where:
  • the cross section of the magnetic isolation slot is geometric and/or non-geometric.
  • the center of the magnetic isolation slot is the center of the geometric figure.
  • the center of the magnetic isolation slot is the intersection of the line connecting the two farthest points in the circumferential direction and the line connecting the two farthest points in the radial direction as the center.
  • the two magnetic isolation slots include a first magnetic isolation slot and a second magnetic isolation slot, the center of the first magnetic isolation slot is the first center, the center of the second magnetic isolation slot is the second center, and the center of the shaft hole is the shaft center,
  • the angle formed by the first center, the second center and the axis is ⁇ .
  • the value of ⁇ can represent the relative size and position of any magnetic isolation slot provided at the end of any installation part.
  • the specific performance is as follows: the larger the ⁇ is, the larger the magnetic isolation slot is, and the better the effect of improving the magnetic flux leakage at the end of the motor is;
  • the included angle ⁇ , the width x1 of the middle section, the maximum distance x2 between the two extension sections, the outer circumference radius of the punching body is r0, and the maximum value h1 of the radial width of the first body satisfies the above relationship, then it is possible to make The position and size of the magnetic isolation slot are relatively better, so that the magnetic field distribution can be effectively adjusted, the magnetic flux leakage and demagnetization of the permanent magnets can be improved, and the motor torque pulsation can be reduced while ensuring the excellent mechanical strength of the rotor punching piece.
  • it can also prevent that the magnetic isolation slot is too large and the equivalent magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit is too large, and the electromagnetic torque of the motor is prevented from
  • x is in the range of 1 to 1.3, further, x may be 1.05, 1.1, 1.15, 1.2, 1.25 and so on.
  • the first magnetic isolation bridge has a magnetic bridge side close to the magnetic isolation slot, and the length of the magnetic bridge side is L0, wherein:
  • the first magnetic bridge has a magnetic bridge edge close to the magnetic isolation slot, and the length L0 of the magnetic bridge edge satisfies the above relationship, so that the magnetic isolation slot can be made without affecting the main magnetic circuit of the rotor punching piece.
  • the distribution of the magnetic field is more uniform, and the electromagnetic torque waveform is more regular, which can help to reduce the torque ripple of the motor, and at the same time, it can also prevent the magnetic circuit equivalent reluctance from being too large and reducing the electromagnetic torque of the motor.
  • the first magnetic bridge also has a magnetic isolation edge close to the first magnet slot, and the lengths of the magnetic bridge edge and the magnetic isolation edge can be equal or not, and can be adjusted according to the actual situation.
  • the punch body further includes a second magnetic isolation bridge, and the second magnetic isolation bridge is located between the magnetic isolation slot and the outer edge of the punch body.
  • the width h of the second magnetic isolation bridge is greater than or equal to the thickness of the punch body.
  • the second magnetic isolation bridge is located between the magnetic isolation slot and the outer edge of the punch body.
  • the second magnetic isolation bridge is an arc-shaped magnetic isolation bridge.
  • the minimum width of the second magnetic isolation bridge is greater than or equal to the thickness of the rotor punching piece, which can prevent the outer peripheral part of the rotor punching piece from being too thin and easily broken, thereby improving the strength of the rotor punching piece and improving the reliability of the rotor.
  • the width of the second magnetic isolation bridges is the average width of the second magnetic isolation bridges.
  • the width of the second magnetic separation bridge refers to the minimum width.
  • the width h of the second magnetic isolation bridge is smaller than the width t1 of the first magnetic isolation end.
  • the width h of the second magnetic isolation bridge is smaller than the width t1 of the first magnetic isolation end. Due to the double magnetic bridge structure obtained by using the magnetic isolation slot, the structural stress of any magnetic bridge segment on the first magnetic isolation bridge is greater than that of the first magnetic isolation bridge.
  • Two magnetic isolation bridges The first magnetic isolation end of the first magnetic isolation bridge is smaller than the second magnetic isolation end, and the width t1 of the first magnetic isolation end meets the structural strength requirements, so the structural strength of the second magnetic isolation bridge must meet the structural strength requirements.
  • the width h of the second magnetic isolation bridge is smaller than the width t1 of the first magnetic isolation end, so that the second magnetic isolation bridge can be made narrower, thereby further suppressing magnetic flux leakage at the end and improving the utilization rate of the permanent magnet.
  • the plurality of magnet slots further include two second magnet slots, the two second magnet slots are arranged on the punching body, and each of the two second magnet slots is a second magnet slot.
  • the two inner ends are close to each other, the two outer ends are far away from each other, and the first magnet slot is arranged between the two outer ends.
  • the plurality of magnet slots include two second magnet slots, the two second magnet slots are arranged on the punch body, and each second magnet slot has an inner end close to the shaft hole and an outer end away from the shaft hole , the two inner ends are close to each other, and the two outer ends are far away from each other, that is, the two second magnet slots are arranged on the punching body in a V-shape. Further, at least a part of the first magnet slot is located between the two outer ends, and the three magnet slots are arranged on the punch body in a quasi-triangular shape. It is worth noting that one mounting part includes three magnet slots.
  • a rotor iron core which includes the rotor punch provided by any of the above designs.
  • the rotor core provided by the present application includes the rotor punch provided by any of the above designs, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the rotor punch, which will not be repeated here.
  • a rotor including the rotor core in any of the above designs.
  • the rotor provided by the present application includes the rotor core provided by any of the above designs, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the rotor core, which will not be repeated here.
  • the magnet slots of the plurality of rotor punching pieces of the rotor iron core pass through along the axial direction of the rotor iron core to form slots.
  • the rotor further includes a plurality of permanent magnets, and the plurality of permanent magnets are arranged in the plurality of slots in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the plurality of slots include a first slot, the first magnet slots of the plurality of rotor punching pieces form the first slot, and the middle section of the first magnet slot constitutes the middle slot of the slot .
  • the plurality of permanent magnets include a first permanent magnet, the first permanent magnet is inserted in the middle slot, and the width of the first permanent magnet is equal to that of the middle slot.
  • the first magnet slots of the plurality of rotor punches are stacked to form the first slot, and the middle section of the first slot constitutes the middle slot.
  • the first permanent magnet is inserted in the middle slot, and the width of the first permanent magnet is equal to that of the middle slot.
  • a motor including the rotor provided by any of the above designs.
  • the motor provided by the present application includes the rotor provided by any of the above designs, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the rotor, which will not be repeated here.
  • the motor further includes a stator, the stator is configured to form an assembly cavity, the rotor is arranged in the assembly cavity, and the rotor can rotate relative to the stator.
  • a vehicle including the motor provided by any of the above designs.
  • the vehicle provided in one design of the present application includes the motor provided by any of the above designs, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the motor, which will not be repeated here.
  • the vehicle can be a new energy vehicle.
  • new energy vehicles include pure electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, and hydrogen engine vehicles.
  • the motor provided by any of the above designs can be used as the driving motor of the vehicle.
  • the drive motor alone can realize the activation of the functional devices of the vehicle.
  • the drive motor may cooperate with other drive devices on the vehicle to achieve normal operation of the functional devices on the vehicle.
  • the functional device of the vehicle may be any one or any combination of the following: wheels, air conditioners, lighting components, and the like.
  • the vehicle includes a vehicle body, and the motor is installed in the vehicle body.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a rotor punching sheet according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the assembly of a rotor punch and a permanent magnet according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 shows a partial structural schematic diagram of a rotor punching sheet according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a rotor punching sheet according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a rotor core according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a rotor according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 7 shows a side view of a rotor in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic structural diagram of a rotor according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 shows a side view of a rotor according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 shows a schematic structural diagram of a rotor according to yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 shows a side view of a rotor according to yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 shows a simulation graph of torque ripple rate of a motor according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 13 shows a simulation graph of the maximum no-load line back EMF of the motor according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 14 shows a graph comparing the maximum no-load line back EMF of a motor and a motor of the related art according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 15 is a graph showing a comparison of electromagnetic torque between a motor according to an embodiment of the present application and a motor of the related art
  • FIG. 16 shows a schematic structural diagram of a rotor punching sheet according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 17 shows a partial enlarged view of the rotor punching piece at the position A in one embodiment of the present application shown in Fig. 16;
  • Fig. 18 shows a partial enlarged view of the rotor punching piece at B in an embodiment of the present application shown in Fig. 17;
  • Fig. 19 shows a partial enlarged view of the rotor punching piece at C in an embodiment of the present application shown in Fig. 17;
  • Figure 20 shows a schematic structural diagram of a rotor punching sheet according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 21 shows a partial enlarged view of the rotor punching piece at D in an embodiment of the present application shown in Fig. 20;
  • Fig. 22 shows the torque waveform comparison diagram of the rotor punching piece according to an embodiment of the present application and the rotor punching piece in the related art
  • FIG. 23 shows a torque curve diagram under different positions of the magnetic isolation grooves in the rotor punching piece according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 24 shows a torque ripple curve diagram under different positions of the magnetic isolation grooves in the rotor blanks according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 121 first magnet slot 121a first straight slot wall, 121b middle section, 121c extension section,
  • the rotor blank 1 , the rotor core 2 , the rotor 3 , the motor and the vehicle provided according to some embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 24 .
  • a rotor punch 1 is provided, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 , including a punch body 10 , a shaft hole 11 and a plurality of mounting portions 12 .
  • the shaft hole 11 is provided on the punch body 10 .
  • a plurality of mounting portions 12 are disposed on the punch body 10 around the shaft hole 11 , and each mounting portion 12 of the plurality of mounting portions 12 includes a plurality of magnet slots 120 .
  • the plurality of magnet slots 120 include a first magnet slot 121 and two second magnet slots 122 , and the first magnet slots 121 are disposed away from the shaft hole 11 .
  • Each of the two second magnet slots 122 includes a first slot end 122a and a second slot end 122b.
  • the first groove end 122 a is disposed close to the shaft hole 11 .
  • the second groove end 122b is disposed away from the shaft hole 11 .
  • the distance between the two first slot ends 122a is smaller than the distance between the two second slot ends 122b, and at least part of the first magnet slot 121 is located between the two second slot ends 122b.
  • the connecting line between the center of the shaft hole 11 and the center of the first magnet slot 121 extends axially along the punch body 10 to form a center plane.
  • the second magnet slot 122 includes a first vertex away from the center plane.
  • the center connection line of the hole 11 is the first connection line, and the first connection line forms an included angle with the center plane.
  • the rotor punch 1 provided by an embodiment of the present application includes a punch body 10 , a shaft hole 11 and a plurality of mounting portions 12 .
  • the rotor punch 1 is used for the motor.
  • the shaft hole 11 is opened on the punching body 10, and the punching body 10 is made of silicon steel material.
  • silicon steel refers to silicon alloy steel with a silicon content of 1.0% to 4.5% and a carbon content of less than 0.08%. Silicon steel has the characteristics of high magnetic permeability, low coercivity, and large resistivity, so it has good magnetic permeability, and the hysteresis loss and eddy current loss are relatively small.
  • the shaft hole 11 is used for assembling the rotating shaft of the rotor 3 .
  • the plurality of mounting portions 12 are arranged on the punching body 10 around the shaft hole 11. It is worth noting that the structure of each mounting portion 12 of the plurality of mounting portions 12 may be the same or partially the same, and it may be adjusted according to actual needs. That's it.
  • Each mounting portion 12 includes a plurality of magnet slots 120 for assembling the permanent magnets 20 of the rotor 3 .
  • the plurality of magnet slots 120 include a first magnet slot 121 and two second magnet slots 122 .
  • the first magnet slot 121 is disposed on the punch body 10 away from the shaft hole 11 .
  • Each of the second magnet slots 122 includes a first slot end 122 a and a second slot end 122 b .
  • the two second magnet slots 122 are arranged on the punching body 10 in a V shape, and at least a part of the first magnet slot 121 is located between the two second slot ends 122b.
  • the magnet slots 122 are arranged on the punch body 10 in a triangular-like shape.
  • the connecting line between the center of the shaft hole 11 and the center of the first magnet slot 121 is the center line, and the center line extending along the axial direction of the punching body 10 can constitute the center plane.
  • the second magnet slot 122 includes a first vertex away from the central plane, that is, the distance between the first vertex and the central plane is greater than the distance between other vertices in the second magnet slot 122 and the central plane.
  • the connecting line between the first vertex and the center of the shaft hole 11 is the first connecting line.
  • the included angle can be reasonably valued, so that the positions of the two second magnet slots 122 relative to the shaft hole 11 can be arranged so that the The overall structure layout is more reasonable.
  • it can reduce the production cost of the motor, effectively improve the sine degree of the air gap magnetic field, reduce harmonics, improve vibration and noise problems, and reduce the maximum no-load line back EMF peak value, Attenuates motor torque ripple and improves motor efficiency, enabling high-performance, low-cost motor designs.
  • the cross section of the first magnet slot 121 is a geometric figure and/or a non-geometric figure.
  • the center of the first magnet slot 121 is a geometric figure. center.
  • the center of the first magnet slot 121 is the intersection of the line connecting the two farthest points in the circumferential direction and the line connecting the two farthest points in the radial direction as the center.
  • the included angle formed by the first connecting line and the central plane is ⁇ 1, wherein, p is half the number of the mounting portions 12 .
  • the value of the included angle ⁇ 1 formed by the first connection line and the center plane has a greater impact on the output torque, torque ripple, and air-gap magnetic field of the motor, and the smaller the value of ⁇ 1, the The greater the electromagnetic torque of the motor, the lower the torque ripple, but the more serious the air gap magnetic field waveform distortion. The larger the value of ⁇ 1, the other performance of the motor will be affected. Therefore, a reasonable value of ⁇ 1 plays a crucial role in the excellent performance of the motor.
  • the output torque of the motor when the value of ⁇ 1 is limited to the above range, the reluctance torque component and the permanent magnet torque component of the motor can be reasonably distributed, so that the cost of electromagnets can be increased without increasing the cost.
  • the output torque of the motor is composed of a reluctance torque component and a permanent magnet torque component, wherein the permanent magnet torque is proportional to the amount of the permanent magnet 20 in the motor, and the reluctance torque is proportional to the quadrature axis inductance and the direct
  • the ratio of the axial inductance, and the ratio of the quadrature-axis inductance to the straight-axis inductance is related to the value of the included angle ⁇ 1 formed by the first connection line and the central plane.
  • a reasonable value of the included angle ⁇ 1 can increase the ratio of the quadrature-axis inductance to the direct-axis inductance of the motor, improve the reluctance torque component, and output the same size of the motor.
  • the permanent magnet torque can be relatively small, so that the amount of the permanent magnet 20 can be reduced, thereby reducing the cost. It should be noted that p is half of the number of mounting parts 12 , and p is the number of pole pairs of the motor.
  • the second magnet slot 122 includes a second straight slot wall 122c, the second straight slot wall 122c is connected between the first slot end 122a and the second slot end 122b, and the second straight slot wall 122c is connected between the first slot end 122a and the second slot end 122b.
  • the included angle between the plane where the groove wall 122c is located and the central plane is ⁇ 2, wherein,
  • the second magnet slot 122 includes a second straight slot wall 122c, and the second straight slot wall 122c is connected between the first slot end 122a and the second slot end 122b.
  • the included angle formed by the plane where the second straight groove wall 122c is located and the center plane is ⁇ 2. According to the above relationship, ⁇ 2 matching ⁇ 1 can be obtained, so that the direct-axis magnetic circuit and the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit of the motor can be affected, so that various performances of the motor can be indirectly affected.
  • the output torque of the motor when ⁇ 1 satisfies the aforementioned relationship, and the ratio of ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 1 is within the above range, the reluctance torque component and the permanent magnet torque component of the motor can be reasonably distributed, so as not to increase In the case of the cost of electromagnetic parts, the output torque of the motor is increased.
  • the output torque of the motor is composed of a reluctance torque component and a permanent magnet torque component, wherein the permanent magnet torque of the motor is proportional to the amount of the permanent magnet 20, and the reluctance torque is proportional to the quadrature axis inductance and the direct axis
  • the ratio of the inductance, and the ratio of the inductance of the quadrature axis and the direct axis is directly related to the values of ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2. Without increasing the amount of permanent magnet 20, the reasonable distribution of the values of ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 can increase the quadrature axis inductance and direct axis of the motor.
  • the ratio of the shaft inductance which increases the reluctance torque component.
  • the permanent magnet torque can be smaller, thereby reducing the amount of the permanent magnet 20, thereby reducing the cost.
  • the size of the first magnet slot and the second magnet slot is further described in this embodiment. Specifically, the slot width of the second magnet slot 122 L2 is greater than the slot width L1 of the first magnet slot 121 .
  • the slot width of the second magnet slot 122 is greater than the slot width of the first magnet slot 121 , that is, the slot widths of the two second magnet slots 122 arranged in a V-shaped structure are both greater than The slot width of the first magnet slots 121 arranged in a line.
  • the slot widths of the first magnet slot 121 and the second magnet slot 122 satisfy the above relationship, it is more beneficial to the magnetic field strength under each magnetic pole, and the magnetization can be realized. While increasing the output torque of the motor, it can further It is beneficial to increase the ratio of the quadrature-axis inductance to the direct-axis inductance of the motor, thereby increasing the torque component of the phrase and improving the motor's field weakening speed expansion capability.
  • the slot width L2 of the second magnet slot 122 is greater than or equal to 15 mm and less than or equal to 21 mm.
  • the specific value of the slot width L2 of the second magnet slot 122 is further limited.
  • the value of L2 satisfies the above range, it will be more conducive to the distribution of the magnetic field intensity under each magnetic pole, The magnetization can be realized. While increasing the output torque of the motor, it can further help to increase the ratio of the quadrature-axis inductance to the direct-axis inductance of the motor, thereby increasing the torque component of the phrase and improving the motor's weak magnetic speed expansion capability.
  • the slot thickness W2 of the second magnet slot 122 is greater than or equal to the slot width W1 of the first magnet slot 121 , and less than or equal to 1.5 times the slot width W1 of the first magnet slot 121 .
  • the thickness of the slot of the second magnet slot 122 is greater than or equal to the thickness of the slot of the first magnet slot 121 , that is, the thickness of the slot of the two second magnet slots 122 arranged in a V-shaped structure is equal to greater than or equal to the notch thickness of the first magnet slots 121 arranged in a line.
  • the thickness of the notch of the second magnet slot 122 is greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm.
  • the specific value of the notch thickness of the second magnet slot 122 is further limited.
  • the value of W2 satisfies the above range, it will be more conducive to the distribution of the magnetic field intensity under each magnetic pole.
  • the realization of magnetization, while increasing the output torque of the motor, can further help to increase the ratio of the quadrature-axis inductance to the direct-axis inductance of the motor, thereby increasing the phrase torque component and improving the motor's weak field speed expansion capability.
  • this embodiment further improves the structure of the rotor punch 1 in consideration of the structural strength of the rotor punch 1.
  • the rotor punch 1 It also includes a magnetic isolation slot 13 , and the magnetic isolation slot 13 is arranged between the end of the first magnet slot 121 and the outer edge of the punch body 10 .
  • the magnetic isolation slot 13 is provided on the punch body 10. On the one hand, the magnetic isolation slot 13 is located between the first magnet slot 121 and the outer edge of the punch body 10, so the magnetic isolation slot 13 can be located in the first magnet slot 121 and the outer edge of the punch body 10.
  • the part of the punch body 10 between a magnet slot 121 and the punch body 10 is divided into two magnetic isolation bridges 101 , one of the two magnetic isolation bridges 101 is close to the first magnet slot 121 , and the other of the two magnetic isolation bridges 101 Close to the outer edge of the punch body 10, the structure of the double magnetic isolation bridge 101 can improve the mechanical strength of the rotor punch 1, can optimize the magnetic field distribution of the rotor 3, significantly improve the electromagnetic torque of the motor with the rotor punch 1, and effectively improve the
  • the magnetic leakage and demagnetization of the permanent magnet 20 located in the magnet slot 120 disperses the centrifugal stress around the magnet slot 120 when the rotor punch 1 is operating at a high speed, thereby solving the problem that the mechanical strength of the rotor punch 1 is difficult at high speed.
  • the utilization rate of the permanent magnet 20 and the power density of the motor can be significantly improved, and the working performance of the motor can be further improved. Weakening motor torque ripple, reducing motor running noise, and improving user comfort.
  • each mounting portion 12 includes two magnetic isolation grooves 13 .
  • the two magnetic isolation grooves 13 have the same shape, the same size, and a relatively regular structure, which is convenient for processing and forming.
  • the first magnet slot 121 includes a first straight slot wall 121 a away from the shaft hole 11 , the plane where the first straight slot wall 121 a is located is the first end face, and the magnetic isolation slot 13 is located at the first end surface. The end face faces away from the shaft hole 11 .
  • the first magnet slot 121 includes a first straight slot wall 121a away from the shaft hole 11, and the plane where the first straight slot wall 121a is located is the first end face. It should be noted that when the first permanent magnet 20 is assembled in the first magnet slot 121 , the first straight slot wall 121 a is the slot wall located on the side of the first permanent magnet 20 away from the shaft hole 11 . Wherein, there is a gap between the first straight groove wall 121a and the first permanent magnet 20 . When there is a gap between the first straight groove wall 121 a and the first permanent magnet 20 , the installation of the first permanent magnet 20 may be facilitated.
  • the magnetic isolation slot 13 is located on the side of the first end face away from the shaft hole 11 , thereby ensuring that the magnetic isolation slot 13 does not affect the dq axis of the motor while effectively improving the magnetic flux leakage of the punching body 10 . Magnetic circuit to ensure sufficient permanent magnet torque of the motor.
  • the punch body 10 further includes a first body, the first body is located between the two magnetic isolation slots 13 and the first magnet slot 121 , that is, the first body is located on the side of the first magnet slot 121 away from the shaft hole 11 .
  • the first magnetic shielding end is located between the second magnetic shielding end and the first body, that is, the first magnetic shielding end is close to the first body, and the second magnetic shielding end is far away from the first body, wherein the width of the first magnetic shielding end
  • the width of the first magnetic isolation bridge is smaller than the width of the second magnetic isolation end, that is, the overall shape of the first magnetic isolation bridge is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, similar to a trapezoid.
  • the width of the second magnetic shielding end is greater than the width of the first magnetic shielding end, and is less than or equal to 4 times the width of the first magnetic shielding end.
  • the width of the second magnetic shielding end is t2, and the width of the first magnetic shielding end is t1. , where t2 ⁇ k ⁇ t1, k ⁇ (1, 4).
  • k is in the range of 1 to 4, for example, the value of k may be 1.5, 1.8, 2.6, 3.4, and 3.7.
  • the width of the first magnetic isolation end is greater than or equal to the thickness of the punch body 10 .
  • the width of the first magnetic isolation end is greater than or equal to the thickness of the punch body.
  • the structure of the rotor punch 1 is further improved, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 .
  • the air gap groove 14 is included, and the air gap groove 14 is provided on the punch body 10 and located between the two first groove ends 122a.
  • an air gap slot 14 is further provided between the first slot ends 122a of the two second magnet slots 122.
  • the two second magnet slots are located between the two second magnet slots 122.
  • the part of the punch body 10 between the first slot ends 122a of the slot 122 constitutes the magnetic isolation bridge 101, and the magnetic isolation bridge 101 has a large width and a serious magnetic leakage situation.
  • the air gap slot 14 is arranged between the two first slot ends 122a, so that the width of the magnetic bridge 101 between the two first slot ends 122a can be reduced, thereby effectively reducing the magnetic flux leakage , to improve the power density of the motor with the rotor punching piece 1 .
  • the air gap grooves 14 extend along the radial direction of the punch body 10 , that is, the air gap grooves 14 extend along the radial direction of the shaft hole 11 .
  • the width of the magnetic bridge 101 between the two magnet slots 120 can be reduced, thereby effectively reducing the magnetic flux leakage.
  • the double magnetic bridge structure design can jointly bear the stress, further strengthen the mechanical strength of the rotor punching piece 1, and prevent the motor from running at high speed.
  • the rotor die 1 is damaged due to internal stress.
  • the mechanical strength of the rotor punching piece 1 is improved, so that the peak rotational speed of the motor can be further increased, which is beneficial to improve the power density of the motor.
  • the part of the punch body 10 located between the air gap slot 14 and the first slot end 122 a constitutes a magnetic isolation bridge 101 , and the width W3 of the magnetic isolation bridge 101 is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 2.7 mm. .
  • the part of the punch body 10 located between the air gap slot 14 and the first slot end 122a constitutes the magnetic isolation bridge 101. Since there are two first slot ends 122a, the air gap slot 14 is adjacent to the adjacent slot ends 122a. The two first slot ends 122a may form two magnetic isolation bridges 101, and the widths of the magnetic isolation bridges 101 both satisfy the above relationship. Of course, the widths of the two magnetic isolation bridges 101 may be the same or different, as long as the above relational expressions are satisfied.
  • the radius of the punch body 10 is r
  • the air gap groove 14 includes an air gap wall 141 away from the shaft hole 11
  • the minimum value of the vertical distance between the air gap wall 141 and the outer edge of the punch body 10 is H1, in,
  • the radius of the punch body 10 is r. It should be noted that the radius here refers to the radius of the circle where the outer periphery of the punch body 10 is located.
  • the air gap groove 14 includes an air gap wall 141 away from the shaft hole 11 , and the minimum value of the vertical distance between the air gap wall 141 and the outer edge of the punch body 10 is H1, in other words, the part close to the air gap wall 141
  • the outer edge of the punch body 10 is the first edge, and H1 is the vertical distance between the air gap wall 141 and the first edge.
  • the setting position of the air gap slot 14 can be
  • the stress distribution on the punch body 10 is further optimized, the mechanical strength of the rotor punch 1 is strengthened, the damage of the rotor punch 1 due to internal stress is avoided when the motor is running at high speed, and the mechanical strength of the rotor punch 1 is improved. Therefore, the peak speed of the motor can be further increased, which is beneficial to improve the power density of the motor.
  • the mounting portion 12 on the rotor punch 1 of this embodiment further includes an auxiliary groove 123.
  • a part of the outer edge of the punch body 10 of the auxiliary groove 123 faces the shaft.
  • the hole 11 is recessed to form an auxiliary groove 123 .
  • a part of the outer edge of the punching body 10 is recessed toward the shaft hole 11 to form an auxiliary slot 123 , and the auxiliary slot 123 can effectively reduce the harmonic content in the air gap magnetic field of the motor, thereby improving the air gap magnetic density waveform It can improve the torque ripple of the motor, reduce the radial force caused by harmonics, reduce the running noise of the motor, and improve the vibration noise of the motor, thereby improving the user's comfort.
  • the present application can partially adjust the no-load back EMF waveform and radial force of the motor by arranging the concave auxiliary groove 123 on the rotor punch 1 to reduce the maximum no-load line back EMF of the motor. It is worth noting that the torque pulsation of the motor largely depends on the non-sinusoidal air gap magnetic field. The higher the harmonic content in the air gap magnetic field, the worse the output torque waveform of the motor. big.
  • auxiliary grooves 123 there are multiple auxiliary grooves 123 , the multiple auxiliary grooves 123 are arranged at intervals, and the multiple auxiliary grooves 123 are symmetrically arranged along the center plane.
  • each mounting portion 12 may be provided with a plurality of auxiliary grooves 123 , for example, each mounting portion 12 may be provided with four auxiliary grooves 123 , and the plurality of auxiliary grooves 123 may be arranged on the punch body 10 at intervals.
  • the number of pole pairs of the motor is p
  • the number of the mounting portions 12 is 2p
  • each mounting portion 12 may be provided with a plurality of auxiliary grooves 123 .
  • the plurality of auxiliary grooves 123 on each mounting portion 12 are symmetrically arranged along the center plane, and the number of auxiliary grooves 123 is at least two, which are arranged in pairs.
  • the auxiliary groove 123 is an arc-shaped groove.
  • the groove depth of the auxiliary groove 123 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 0.9 mm.
  • the auxiliary groove 123 is an arc-shaped groove, and specifically, the groove bottom of the auxiliary groove 123 is an arc-shaped groove. Further, the groove depth of the auxiliary groove 123 satisfies the above relational expression, so that the volume of the auxiliary groove 123 can be made smaller, and the auxiliary groove 123 can prevent the shape of the outer edge of the punch body 10 from being greatly changed.
  • the plurality of auxiliary grooves 123 include two inner auxiliary grooves and two outer auxiliary grooves. It is located between the outer edges of the punching body 10 defined by the two magnetic isolation grooves 13 .
  • the two outer auxiliary grooves are symmetrically arranged along the center plane and have the same size and size, and the two outer auxiliary grooves are located on the outer edge of the punching body 10 defined by the two second magnet grooves 122 and the first magnet groove 121 .
  • a rotor core 2 is provided, including the rotor punch 1 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the rotor core 2 provided in the present application includes the rotor punch 1 provided in any of the above-mentioned embodiments, so it has all the beneficial effects of the rotor punch 1 , which will not be repeated here.
  • a rotor 3 is provided, including the rotor core 2 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the rotor 3 provided in the present application includes the rotor iron core 2 provided in any of the above-mentioned embodiments, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the rotor iron core 2 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the magnet slots 120 of the plurality of rotor punching pieces 1 of each rotor core 2 in the at least one rotor core 2 pass through along the axial direction of the rotor core 2 to form a slot.
  • the rotor 3 further includes a plurality of permanent magnets 20, and the plurality of permanent magnets 20 are arranged in the plurality of slots in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the number of rotor cores 2 is multiple, and the multiple rotor cores 2 are stacked in the axial direction. That is, a plurality of rotor cores 2 are stacked in sequence in a direction perpendicular to the body of the rotor punch 1 to form the rotor 3 .
  • the circumferential contours of all the rotor punching pieces 1 on the same rotor core 2 are completely overlapped, and this stacked assembly design can reduce the eddy current loss in the rotor core 2 . Since a plurality of magnet slots 120 are provided on the rotor blanks 1 constituting each rotor core 2 , on the same rotor core 2 , the magnet slots 120 at the same position overlap and penetrate in the axial direction.
  • a plurality of magnet slots 120 under each pole can form a mounting portion 12, and the permanent magnets 20 fitted in the magnet slots 120 in each mounting portion 12 have the same polarity. Looking counterclockwise, the polarities of the permanent magnets 20 of each pole are alternately and evenly distributed, and the permanent magnets 20 are installed in the magnet slots 120 in the rotor core 2 to form the rotor core 2 with the permanent magnets 20 inside. Reduce the heat generated by the eddy current effect of the motor during operation.
  • the plurality of rotor cores 2 are symmetrically arranged along a reference plane perpendicular to the central axis of the rotor 3 , and any two rotor cores in the plurality of rotor cores 2 are arranged symmetrically.
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 1 are the key factors affecting the distribution of the air-gap magnetic field of the motor.
  • the torque waveform and no-load back-EMF waveform of the motor largely depend on the distribution of the air-gap magnetic field. Among them, the 5th and 7th harmonics in the air gap magnetic field will bring the torque ripple of 6 times the frequency, which is the main reason for the torque ripple.
  • the 7th, 11th, 13th, 23rd, and 25th harmonics in the air-gap magnetic field will also cause serious distortion of the no-load back EMF waveform of the motor, resulting in the problem that the peak value of the maximum no-load line back EMF is too high, which exceeds the allowable value of the motor controller.
  • the harmonic is too large, it will also bring about excessive vibration and noise of the motor, increased loss, reduced efficiency and temperature rise, which will directly reduce the performance of the motor.
  • the sine degree of the air gap magnetic field can be effectively improved, the harmonics can be reduced, the vibration and noise problems can be improved, and the maximum air gap can be reduced.
  • the rotor 3 is composed of five rotor cores 2 , and the five rotor cores are symmetrical along a reference plane perpendicular to the central axis R. As shown in FIG. 8 and 9 , the rotor 3 is composed of five rotor cores 2 , and the five rotor cores are symmetrical along a reference plane perpendicular to the central axis R. As shown in FIG. 8 and 9 , the rotor 3 is composed of five rotor cores 2 , and the five rotor cores are symmetrical along a reference plane perpendicular to the central axis R. As shown in FIG.
  • the multiple rotor cores 2 are asymmetric along the reference plane perpendicular to the central axis of the rotor 3, and the maximum relative rotation angle between any two rotor cores 2 in the multiple rotor cores 2 is ⁇ 2, wherein,
  • the flux leakage at the end of the permanent magnet 20 can be minimized while ensuring the output torque of the motor.
  • improve the utilization rate of the permanent magnet 20 weaken the cogging torque, reduce the motor torque ripple, improve the air gap magnetic field distribution, reduce the distortion rate of the air gap magnetic field, and make the no-load back EMF waveform distribution more sinusoidal.
  • the rotor 3 is composed of six rotor cores 2 , and the six rotor cores are asymmetrical along a reference plane perpendicular to the central axis R.
  • the values of ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are the key factors affecting the distribution of the air-gap magnetic field of the motor.
  • the torque waveform and no-load back-EMF waveform of the motor largely depend on the distribution of the air-gap magnetic field. Among them, the 5th and 7th harmonics in the air-gap magnetic field will bring about 6 times the torque ripple, which is the main reason for the torque ripple.
  • the 7th, 11th, 13th, 23rd, and 25th harmonics in the air-gap magnetic field will also cause serious distortion of the no-load back EMF waveform of the motor, resulting in the problem that the peak value of the maximum no-load line back EMF is too high, which exceeds the allowable value of the motor controller.
  • the harmonic is too large, it will also bring about excessive vibration and noise of the motor, increased loss, reduced efficiency and temperature rise, which will directly reduce the performance of the motor.
  • the sine degree of the air gap magnetic field can be effectively improved, the harmonics can be reduced, the vibration and noise problems can be improved, and the maximum air gap can be reduced.
  • the peak of the back EMF of the carrier line, the reduction of motor torque ripple, and the improvement of motor efficiency enable high-performance motor design.
  • a motor including the rotor 3 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the motor provided by the present application includes the rotor 3 provided in any of the above-mentioned embodiments, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the rotor 3, which will not be repeated here.
  • the motor includes a stator, the stator is configured to form an assembly cavity, and the rotor 3 is arranged in the assembly cavity.
  • the motor includes a stator, the stator has an assembly cavity, and the rotor 3 is arranged in the assembly cavity and can rotate relative to the stator.
  • the torque ripple rate and the maximum no-load line back EMF amplitude of the motor vary with ⁇ and the slope angle (relative maximum rotation angle ⁇ 1 between the rotor cores), ⁇
  • the value range of the maximum oblique pole angle ⁇ 1 is 0.45° ⁇ 1 ⁇ 4.95°
  • ⁇ 1 changes within the above range, corresponding to any ⁇ It can be seen that when ⁇ 1 is within the angle range of 1.875° ⁇ 1 ⁇ 4.5°, the maximum no-load line back EMF amplitude and torque ripple rate of the motor are both at the optimal level.
  • the value range of the rotor core relative to the maximum inclined pole angle is 1.875° ⁇ 1 ⁇ 4.5°, and the combination of ⁇ 1 and the maximum rotation angle ⁇ 1 is reasonably selected within the value range.
  • the relative maximum rotation angle between the rotor cores is 3.875°.
  • a vehicle including the motor provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the vehicle provided by the present application includes the motor provided by any of the above embodiments, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the motor, which will not be repeated here.
  • the vehicle can be a new energy vehicle.
  • New energy vehicles include pure electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, and hydrogen engine vehicles.
  • the motor provided by any of the above embodiments can be used as a driving motor of a vehicle.
  • the drive motor alone can realize the activation of the functional devices of the vehicle.
  • the drive motor may cooperate with other drive devices on the vehicle to achieve normal operation of the functional devices on the vehicle.
  • the functional device of the vehicle may be any one or any combination of the following: wheels, air conditioners, lighting components, and the like.
  • the vehicle includes a vehicle body, and the motor is installed in the vehicle body.
  • a rotor punch 1 is provided, as shown in FIGS. 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 and 21 , comprising a punch body 10 , a shaft hole 11 , and a plurality of mounting parts 12 and magnetic isolation slot 13.
  • the shaft hole 11 is provided on the punching body 10 .
  • a plurality of mounting portions 12 are disposed on the punch body 10 around the shaft hole 11 , and each mounting portion 12 of the plurality of mounting portions 12 includes a plurality of magnet slots 120 .
  • the plurality of magnet slots 120 include a first magnet slot 121, the first magnet slot 121 is arranged on the punch body 10 away from the shaft hole 11, the first magnet slot 121 includes a first straight slot wall 121a away from the shaft hole 11, The plane where the straight groove wall 121a is located is the first end surface.
  • the magnetic isolation slot 13 is disposed on the punch body 10 and located between the first magnet slot 121 and the outer edge of the punch body 10 .
  • the rotor punch 1 provided in this application includes a punch body 10 , a shaft hole 11 , a plurality of mounting portions 12 and a magnetic isolation slot 13 .
  • the shaft hole 11 is opened on the punch body 10 , and the punch body 10 is a magnetic steel body.
  • the shaft hole 11 is used for assembling the rotating shaft of the rotor.
  • a plurality of mounting portions 12 are provided on the die body 10 around the shaft hole 11 . It should be noted that, the structure of each mounting portion 12 in the plurality of mounting portions 12 may be the same, or may be partially the same, and it may be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • Each mounting portion 12 includes a plurality of magnet slots 120 for fitting the permanent magnets 20 of the rotor.
  • the plurality of magnet slots 120 include a first magnet slot 121 .
  • the first magnet slot 121 is arranged on the punch body 10 away from the shaft hole 11 relative to the other magnet slots 120 , and the first magnet slot 121 includes a first straight line away from the shaft hole 11 .
  • the plane where the groove wall 121a and the first straight groove wall 121a are located is the first end surface. It should be noted that when the first permanent magnet 20 a is assembled in the first magnet slot 121 , the first straight slot wall 121 a is the slot wall on the side of the first permanent magnet 20 a away from the shaft hole 11 . There is a gap between the first straight groove wall 121a and the first permanent magnet 20a. When there is a gap between the first straight groove wall 121a and the first permanent magnet 20a, the installation of the first permanent magnet 20a can be facilitated.
  • the punching body 10 further includes a magnetic isolation slot 13 , which is arranged on the punching body 10 .
  • the magnetic isolation slot 13 is located between the first magnet slot 121 and the outer edge of the punching body 10 .
  • the part of the punch body 10 located between the first magnet slot 121 and the punch body 10 can be divided into two magnetic isolation bridges, one of the two magnetic isolation bridges is close to the first magnet slot 121, and one of the two magnetic isolation bridges is close to the first magnet slot 121.
  • the double magnetic isolation bridge structure can improve the mechanical strength of the rotor punch 1, can optimize the rotor magnetic field distribution, significantly improve the electromagnetic torque of the motor with the rotor punch 1, and effectively improve the
  • the magnetic leakage and demagnetization of the permanent magnet 20 located in the magnet slot 120 disperses the centrifugal stress around the magnet slot 120 when the rotor punch 1 is operating at a high speed, thereby solving the problem that the mechanical strength of the rotor punch 1 is difficult at high speed.
  • the utilization rate of the permanent magnet 20 and the power density of the motor can be significantly improved, and the working performance of the motor can be further improved.
  • the torque ripple of the motor is weakened, the running noise of the motor is reduced, and the user's comfort is improved; on the other hand, the magnetic isolation groove 13 is located on the side of the first end face away from the shaft hole 11, so as to ensure that the magnetic isolation groove 13 can effectively improve the punching. At the same time of magnetic leakage of the main body 10, it does not affect the dq-axis magnetic circuit of the motor, so as to ensure sufficient reluctance torque of the motor.
  • the first structure of the rotor punch 1 the punch body 10 is not provided with a magnetic isolation slot 13
  • the second structure of the rotor punch 1 the punch body 10 is provided with a magnetic isolation slot 13 .
  • the minimum vertical distance Lmin between any point in the magnetic isolation slot 13 and the first end face is greater than 0. Therefore, while ensuring the improvement of the magnetic flux leakage phenomenon, the dq-axis magnetic circuit of the motor can not be affected, and the sufficient reluctance torque of the motor can be ensured.
  • the cross section of the magnetic shielding slot 13 is a closed triangle, quadrilateral, polygon or irregular geometry composed of a trilateral, quadrilateral, polygon and arc graphics.
  • Each mounting portion 12 includes two magnetic isolation grooves 13 .
  • the two magnetic isolation grooves 13 have the same shape, the same size, and a relatively regular structure, which is convenient for processing and forming.
  • the magnetic isolation slot 13 is located between the end of the first magnet slot 121 and the outer edge of the punch body 10 .
  • the magnetic isolation slot 13 is located between the end of the first magnet slot 121 and the outer edge of the punch body 10 .
  • a magnetic isolation slot 13 is set between 121 and the outer edge of the punching body 10 to form a double magnetic bridge structure, which can effectively improve the structural stress of the rotor at high speed, reduce the deformation of the rotor, and avoid the rotor punching 1 at high speed.
  • the magnetic isolation slot is arranged at the end of the first magnet slot 121 with larger magnetic flux leakage, so that the magnetic flux leakage at the end of the permanent magnet 20 arranged in the first magnet slot 121 can be reduced, thereby increasing the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 20 utilization.
  • the punch body 10 includes a first magnetic isolation bridge 1010 , the first magnetic isolation bridge 1010 is located between the magnetic isolation slot 13 and the first magnet slot 121 , and the first magnetic isolation bridge 1010 The first magnetic isolation end 101a and the second magnetic isolation end 101b are separated from each other, and the width of the first magnetic isolation end 101a is different from that of the second magnetic isolation end 101b.
  • the part of the punch body 10 located between the magnetic isolation slot 13 and the first magnet slot 121 is the first magnetic isolation bridge 1010
  • the first magnetic isolation bridge 1010 has the first magnetic isolation end 101a and The width of the second magnetic isolation end 101b, and the width of the first magnetic isolation end 101a is different from the width of the second magnetic isolation end 101b, that is, the widths of each position on the first magnetic isolation bridge 1010 are not all equal.
  • One end of the first magnetic isolation bridge 1010 can reach saturation to limit magnetic flux leakage, and the other end of the first magnetic isolation bridge 1010 can play the role of dispersing the stress of the punching sheet, ensuring sufficient mechanical strength of the rotor punching sheet 1 .
  • the number of the magnetic isolation slots 13 is two, and the two magnetic isolation slots 13 are respectively arranged at both ends of the first magnet slot 121 , and are located in the two magnetic isolation slots 13 .
  • the part of the punch body 10 between the magnetic slot 13 and the first magnet slot 121 is the first body 103, the first magnetic isolation end 101a is located between the second magnetic isolation end 101b and the first body 103, and the second magnetic isolation end 101b
  • the width is greater than the width of the first magnetic isolation end 101a and less than or equal to 4 times the width of the first magnetic isolation end 101a.
  • the number of the magnetic isolation slots 13 is two, and the two magnetic isolation slots 13 are respectively disposed at both ends of the first magnet slot 121 .
  • the punch body 10 further includes a first body 103 , the first body 103 is located between the two magnetic isolation slots 13 and the first magnet slot 121 , that is, the first body 103 is located on the side of the first magnet slot 121 away from the shaft hole 11 .
  • the first magnetic isolation end 101a is located between the second magnetic isolation end 101b and the first body 103, that is, the first magnetic isolation end 101a is close to the first body 103, and the second magnetic isolation end 101b is far away from the first body 103, wherein , the width of the first magnetic isolation end 101a is smaller than the width of the second magnetic isolation end 101b, that is, the first magnetic isolation bridge 1010 has a shape that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, similar to a trapezoid.
  • the narrow first magnetic isolation end 101 a is saturated to limit the magnetic flux leakage, while the wider second magnetic isolation end 101 b is sufficient.
  • the width of the second magnetic shielding end 101b is greater than the width of the first magnetic shielding end 101a, and is less than or equal to four times the width of the first magnetic shielding end 101a.
  • the width of the second magnetic shielding end 101b is t2.
  • the width of a magnetic isolation end 101a is t1, where t2 ⁇ k ⁇ t1, k ⁇ (1, 4).
  • k is in the range of 1 to 4, for example, the value of k may be 1.5, 1.8, 2.6, 3.4, and 3.7.
  • the width of the first magnetic isolation end 101 a is greater than or equal to the thickness of the punch body 10 .
  • the width t1 of the first magnetic isolation end 101a is greater than or equal to the thickness of the punch body 10 .
  • the first magnet slot 121 includes a middle section 121b and an extension section 121c, and the middle section 121b is used for accommodating the permanent magnet 20 of the rotor.
  • the extension section 121c is disposed at the end of the middle section 121b and communicates with the middle section 121b.
  • the first magnet slot 121 includes a middle section 121b and an extension section 121c
  • the middle section 121b is used for accommodating the permanent magnets 20 of the rotor
  • the middle section 121b includes a first straight slot wall 121a.
  • the extension sections 121c are disposed at both ends of the middle section 121b, the extension sections 121c communicate with the middle section 121b, and the permanent magnet 20 is not disposed in the extension section 121c. That is, when the permanent magnet 20 is inserted into the first magnet slot 121, the permanent magnet 20 can only be filled in the middle section 121b of the first magnet slot 121, and the air fills the extension section 121c of the first magnet slot 121.
  • 121c can suppress the magnetic flux leakage phenomenon at the end of the permanent magnet 20 .
  • the minimum distance between the two magnetic isolation grooves 13 is d1; the width of the middle section 121b is x1; the number of the extension sections 121c is two, and the two extension sections 121c are respectively connected to the middle section At both ends of 121b, the maximum distance between the two extension sections 121c is x2, where:
  • the minimum distance between the two magnetic isolation slots 13 is d1
  • the two magnetic isolation slots 13 refer to the two magnetic isolation slots 13 located at both ends of the first magnet slot 121 .
  • the width of the middle section 121b is x1
  • the permanent magnet 20 is arranged in the middle section 121b.
  • the number of the extension sections 121c is two, and the two extension sections 121c are respectively connected to the two ends of the middle section 121b.
  • the maximum distance between the two extension sections 121c is x2.
  • the magnetic isolation slot 13 can be made without affecting the main magnetic circuit of the rotor punch 1. Under the circumstance, the distribution of the magnetic field is more uniform, and the electromagnetic torque waveform is more regular, which can help to reduce the torque ripple of the motor. electromagnetic torque.
  • the included angle formed by the center of the two magnetic isolation grooves 13 and the center line of the shaft hole 11 is ⁇
  • the outer peripheral radius of the punch body 10 is r0
  • the maximum value of the radial width of the first body 103 is h1, where:
  • the cross section of the magnetic shielding slot 13 is geometric and/or non-geometric.
  • the center of the magnetic shielding slot 13 is the center of the geometric figure.
  • the center of the magnetic isolation slot 13 is the intersection of the line connecting the two farthest points in the circumferential direction and the two points farthest in the radial direction as the center.
  • the two magnetic isolation slots 13 include a first magnetic isolation slot and a second magnetic isolation slot.
  • the center of the first magnetic isolation slot is the first center
  • the center of the second magnetic isolation slot is the second center
  • the center of the shaft hole 11 is the axis.
  • the angle formed by the first center, the second center and the axis is ⁇ .
  • the value of ⁇ can represent the relative size and position of any magnetic isolation slot 13 disposed at the end of any mounting portion 12 .
  • the specific performance is as follows: the larger the ⁇ , the larger the magnetic isolation slot 13 is, and the better the effect of improving the magnetic flux leakage at the motor end; .
  • the position and size of the magnetic isolation slot 13 can be relatively better, so that the magnetic field distribution can be effectively adjusted, the magnetic flux leakage and demagnetization of the permanent magnet 20 can be improved, and the motor torque ripple can be reduced while ensuring the excellent mechanical strength of the rotor punch 1. .
  • it can also prevent that the magnetic isolation slot 13 is too large to cause the equivalent magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit to be too large, and the electromagnetic torque of the motor can be prevented from being reduced.
  • x is in the range of 1 to 1.3, further, x may be 1.05, 1.1, 1.15, 1.2, 1.25 and so on.
  • the angle ⁇ can be adjusted by changing the positions of the two magnetic isolation grooves 13 so that x is in the range of 1 to 1.3, so that the torque of the motor can be prevented from being reduced, and at the same time Reduce motor torque ripple.
  • x is in the range of 1 to 1.3, the torque of the motor is large and stabilized above 320Nm.
  • the torque ripple of the motor is low at this time, less than 9%.
  • the first magnetic isolation bridge 1010 has a magnetic bridge side 101c close to the magnetic isolation slot 13, and the length of the magnetic bridge side 101c is L0, wherein:
  • the first magnetic bridge has a magnetic bridge edge 101c close to the magnetic isolation slot 13 , and the length L0 of the magnetic bridge edge 101c satisfies the above relationship, so that the magnetic isolation slot 13 does not affect the main force of the rotor punch 1 .
  • the distribution of the magnetic field is more uniform, and the electromagnetic torque waveform is more regular, which can help to reduce the torque ripple of the motor, and at the same time, it can also prevent the magnetic circuit equivalent reluctance from being too large due to the excessive magnetic isolation slot 13. Reduce the electromagnetic torque of the motor.
  • the first magnetic bridge also has a magnetic isolation edge close to the first magnet slot 121. The lengths of the magnetic bridge edge 101c and the magnetic isolation edge can be equal or not, and can be adjusted according to the actual situation.
  • the punch body 10 further includes a second magnetic isolation bridge 1020 , and the second magnetic isolation bridge 1020 is located between the magnetic isolation groove 13 and the outer edge of the punch body 10 .
  • the width h of the second magnetic isolation bridge 1020 is greater than or equal to the thickness of the punch body 10 .
  • the second magnetic isolation bridge 1020 is located between the magnetic isolation slot 13 and the outer edge of the punch body 10 .
  • the second magnetic isolation bridge 1020 is an arc-shaped magnetic isolation bridge.
  • the minimum width of the second magnetic isolation bridge 1020 is greater than or equal to the thickness of the rotor punch 1, so as to prevent the outer peripheral part of the rotor punch 1 from being too thin and easily broken, thereby improving the strength of the rotor punch 1 and improving the use of the rotor reliability.
  • the width of the second magnetic isolation bridges 1020 is the average width of the second magnetic isolation bridges 1020 .
  • the width of the second magnetic isolation bridge 1020 refers to the minimum width.
  • the width h of the second magnetic isolation bridge 1020 is smaller than the width t1 of the first magnetic isolation end 101a.
  • the width h of the second magnetic isolation bridge 1020 is smaller than the width t1 of the first magnetic isolation end 101a. Due to the dual magnetic bridge structure obtained by using the magnetic isolation slot 13, any magnetic bridge on the first magnetic isolation bridge 1010 The structural stress of the segment is greater than that of the second magnetic isolation bridge 1020 . Wherein the first magnetic isolation end 101a of the first magnetic isolation bridge 1010 is smaller than the second magnetic isolation end 101b, and the width t1 of the first magnetic isolation end 101a satisfies the structural strength requirement, then the structural strength of the second magnetic isolation bridge 1020 must be able to satisfy the structural strength strength requirements.
  • the second magnetic isolation bridge 1020 can be made narrower, thereby further suppressing the magnetic flux leakage at the end, and improving the utilization rate of the permanent magnet 20 .
  • the plurality of magnet slots 120 further include two second magnet slots 122, two second magnet slots 122 are arranged on the punch body 10, each of the two second magnet slots 122 has an inner end close to the shaft hole 11 and an outer end away from the shaft hole 11, respectively, The two inner ends are close to each other, the two outer ends are far away from each other, and the first magnet slot 121 is disposed between the two outer ends.
  • the plurality of magnet slots 120 includes two second magnet slots 122 , the two second magnet slots 122 are disposed on the punch body 10 , and each second magnet slot 122 has an inner end close to the shaft hole 11 . , away from the outer end of the shaft hole 11 , the two inner ends are close to each other, and the two outer ends are far away from each other, that is, the two second magnet slots 122 are arranged on the punching body 10 in a V shape. Further, at least a part of the first magnet slot 121 is located between the two outer ends, and the three magnet slots 120 are arranged on the punch body 10 in a quasi-triangular shape. It should be noted that one mounting portion 12 includes three magnet slots 120 .
  • the rotor punch 1 further includes an air gap slot, which is formed on the punch body 10, and the air gap slot is located between the two proximal ends.
  • a magnet isolation body can be arranged in the air gap slot to further improve the structural strength and reduce magnetic flux leakage and demagnetization.
  • the magnetic spacer can be made of non-magnetic material. For example: injection molding materials, metal materials, etc.
  • a rotor iron core including the rotor punch 1 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the rotor core provided in the present application includes the rotor punch 1 provided in any of the above embodiments, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the rotor punch 1, which will not be repeated here.
  • a rotor including the rotor core in any of the above embodiments.
  • the rotor provided by the present application includes the rotor core provided by any of the above embodiments, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the rotor core, which will not be repeated here.
  • the magnet slots 120 of the plurality of rotor punching pieces 1 of the rotor core pass through along the axial direction of the rotor core to form slots.
  • the rotor further includes a plurality of permanent magnets 20, and the plurality of permanent magnets 20 are arranged in a plurality of slots in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the plurality of slots include a first slot, the first magnet slots 121 of the plurality of rotor punches 1 form the first slot, and the middle section 121b of the first magnet slot 121 constitutes a middle slot of the slot.
  • the plurality of permanent magnets 20 include a first permanent magnet 20a, the first permanent magnet 20a is inserted in the middle slot, and the width of the first permanent magnet 20a is equal to that of the middle slot.
  • the first magnet slots 121 of the plurality of rotor punches 1 are stacked to form the first slot, and the middle section 121b of the first slot constitutes the middle slot.
  • the first permanent magnet 20a is inserted in the middle slot, and the width of the first permanent magnet 20a is equal to the width of the middle slot. There is a gap between the first permanent magnet 20a and the first straight slot wall 121a of the middle slot, so as to facilitate assembly.
  • a motor including the rotor provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the motor provided by the present application includes the rotor provided by any of the above embodiments, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the rotor, which will not be repeated here.
  • the motor further includes a stator, the stator is configured to form an assembly cavity, the rotor is arranged in the assembly cavity, and the rotor can rotate relative to the stator.
  • a vehicle including the motor provided by any of the above embodiments.
  • the vehicle provided in one embodiment of the present application includes the motor provided by any of the above-mentioned embodiments, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the motor, which will not be repeated here.
  • the vehicle can be a new energy vehicle.
  • New energy vehicles include pure electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, and hydrogen engine vehicles.
  • the motor provided by the above embodiments can be used as the driving motor of the vehicle.
  • the drive motor alone can realize the activation of the functional devices of the vehicle.
  • the drive motor may cooperate with other drive devices on the vehicle to achieve normal operation of the functional devices on the vehicle.
  • the functional device of the vehicle may be any one or any combination of the following: wheels, air conditioners, lighting components, and the like.
  • the vehicle includes a vehicle body, and the motor is installed in the vehicle body.
  • the term “plurality” refers to two or more, unless expressly defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense.
  • “connected” can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection;
  • “connected” can be It is directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific situations.

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  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种转子冲片、转子铁芯、转子、电机和车辆。转子冲片包括冲片本体、轴孔和多个安装部。多个安装部围绕轴孔设置在冲片本体上。第一磁体槽远离轴孔设置,第二磁体槽包括第一槽端和第二槽端。两个第一槽端之间的距离小于两个第二槽端之间的距离,第一磁体槽位于两个第二槽端之间。轴孔的中心与第一磁体槽的中心连线沿冲片本体轴向延伸以构成中心面,第二磁体槽包括远离中心面的第一顶点,第一顶点与轴孔的中心连线为第一连线。本申请令第一连线与中心面形成夹角,通过对该夹角进行合理取值,从而可以在保证电机输出转矩的基础上,降低最大空载线反电势峰值,有效改善气隙磁场正弦度,减小谐波,改善振动噪音问题。

Description

转子冲片、转子铁芯、转子、电机和车辆
本申请要求于2020年07月31日提交中国专利局、申请号为“202010758110.X”、发明名称为“转子冲片、转子铁芯、转子、电机和车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权、2020年07月31日提交中国专利局、申请号为“202021560686.7”、发明名称为“转子冲片、转子铁芯、转子、电机和车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权、2020年07月31日提交中国专利局、申请号为“202010758157.6”、发明名称为“转子冲片、转子铁芯、转子、电机和车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权以及2020年07月31日提交中国专利局、申请号为“202021563080.9”、发明名称为“转子冲片、转子铁芯、转子、电机和车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电机设备技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种转子冲片、一种转子铁芯、一种转子、一种电机和一种车辆。
背景技术
目前,内置式永磁电机的转子组成中包括转子冲片,作为转子的关键组成,转子冲片的设计优劣直接决定电机的性能,然而由于转子冲片的设计不合理,使得电机的功率密度、转矩脉动、最高转速以及振动噪声方面均受到影响。因此,如何合理设计转子以提升电机性能成为亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术或相关技术中存在的技术问题之一。
为此,本申请的第一个方面在于,提出一种转子冲片。
本申请的第二个方面在于,提出一种转子铁芯。
本申请的第三个方面在于,提出一种转子。
本申请的第四个方面在于,提出一种电机。
本申请的第五个方面在于,提出一种车辆。
本申请的第六个方面在于,提出一种转子冲片。
本申请的第七个方面在于,提出一种转子铁芯。
本申请的第八个方面在于,提出一种转子。
本申请的第九个方面在于,提出一种电机。
本申请的第十个方面在于,提出一种车辆。
有鉴于此,根据本申请的第一个方面,提供了一种转子冲片,包括冲片本体、轴孔和多个安装部。轴孔设置在冲片本体上。多个安装部围绕轴孔设置在冲片本体上,多个安装部中每一个安装部包括多个磁体槽。多个磁体槽包括第一磁体槽和两个第二磁体槽,第一磁体槽远离轴孔设置。两个 第二磁体槽中每一个第二磁体槽包括第一槽端和第二槽端。第一槽端靠近轴孔设置。第二槽端远离轴孔设置。两个第一槽端之间的距离小于两个第二槽端之间的距离,第一磁体槽的至少部分位于两个第二槽端之间。轴孔的中心与第一磁体槽的中心之间的连线沿冲片本体轴向延伸以构成中心面,第二磁体槽包括远离中心面的第一顶点,第一顶点与轴孔的中心连线为第一连线,第一连线与中心面形成夹角。
本申请的一个设计提供的转子冲片包括冲片本体、轴孔和多个安装部。转子冲片用于电机。轴孔开设在冲片本体上,冲片本体由硅钢材料制得。其中,硅钢是指含硅量为1.0%~4.5%,含碳量小于0.08%的硅合金钢。硅钢具有导磁率高、矫顽力低、电阻系数大等特性,因而导磁性能好,且磁滞损失和涡流损失较小。轴孔用于装配转子的转轴。多个安装部围绕轴孔设置在冲片本体上,值得说明的是,多个安装部中每一个安装部的结构可以相同,也可以部分相同,根据实际需要对其进行调整即可。每个安装部包括多个磁体槽,磁体槽用于装配转子的永磁体。多个磁体槽包括第一磁体槽和两个第二磁体槽。第一磁体槽远离轴孔设置在冲片本体上。每一个第二磁体槽包括第一槽端和第二槽端,第一槽端靠近轴孔设置,第二槽端远离轴孔设置。即两个第二磁体槽呈V型布置在冲片本体上,第一磁体槽的至少一部分位于两个第二槽端之间,此时第一磁体槽和两个第二磁体槽呈类三角形布置在冲片本体上。轴孔的中心和第一磁体槽的中心之间的连线为中心线,中心线沿冲片本体的轴向延伸可以构成中心面。第二磁体槽内包括远离中心面的第一顶点,即第一顶点与中心面之间的距离大于第二磁体槽内其他顶点与中心面之间的距离。第一顶点与轴孔的中心连线为第一连线。本申请通过令第一连线与中心面形成夹角,从而对该夹角进行合理取值,从而可以排布两个第二磁体槽相对于轴孔的位置,使得转子冲片的整体结构布局更加合理,在保证电机输出转矩的基础上,能够降低电机的生产成本,有效改善气隙磁场正弦度,减小谐波,改善振动噪音问题,降低最大空载线反电势峰值、削弱电机转矩脉动,提高电机效率,从而实现高性能、低成本的电机设计。
值得说明的是,第一磁体槽的横截面呈几何图形和/或非几何图形,当第一磁体槽的横截面呈几何图形时,则第一磁体槽的中心即为几何图形的中心。当第一磁体槽的横截面呈非几何图形时,则第一磁体槽的中心为周向相距最远两点连线和径向相距最远两点连线的交点作为中心。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,第一连线与中心面形成的夹角为θ1,其中,
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000001
p为安装部的数量的一半。
在该设计中,第一连线与中心面所构成的夹角θ1的取值对电机的输出转矩、转矩脉动、气隙磁场都具有较大的影响,θ1的取值越小,则电机的电磁转矩越大,转矩脉动越低,然而气隙磁场波形畸变越严重。而θ1的取值越大则会对电机的其他性能造成影响。因此,θ1的合理取值对于电机的优 异性能具有至关重要的作用。针对于电机的输出转矩而言,将θ1的取值限制在上述范围内时,可以合理地分配电机的磁阻转矩分量和永磁转矩分量,从而可以在不增加电磁件成本的情况下,提高电机输出转矩。具体而言,电机输出转矩由磁阻转矩分量和永磁转矩分量构成,其中,永磁转矩与电机中永磁体的用量成正比,磁阻转矩正比于交轴电感与直轴电感的比值,而交轴电感与直轴电感的比值又与第一连线与中心面所构成的夹角θ1的取值相关。因此,在不增加永磁体用量的情况下,对夹角θ1合理取值就能够增大电机的交轴电感与直轴电感的比值,提升磁阻转矩分量,而在输出同样大小的电机转矩时,永磁转矩可以较小,由此可以减少永磁体用量,从而降低成本。值得说明的是,p为安装部的数量的一半,p为电机的极对数。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,第二磁体槽包括第二直槽壁,第二直槽壁连接在第一槽端与第二槽端之间,第二直槽壁所在平面与中心面之间的夹角为θ2,其中,
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000002
在该设计中,第二磁体槽包括第二直槽壁,且第二直槽壁连接在第一槽端和第二槽端之间。第二直槽壁所在平面与中心面所形成的夹角为θ2。根据上述关系式可以获得与θ1相配的θ2,从而能够影响电机的直轴磁路和交轴磁路,从而可以间接影响电机的各种性能。针对于电机的输出转矩而言,当θ1满足前述关系时,θ2与θ1的比值位于上述范围内时,则可以合理分配电机的磁阻转矩分量和永磁转矩分量,从而在不增加电磁件成本的情况下,提高电机输出转矩。具体来说,电机的输出转矩由磁阻转矩分量和永磁转矩分量构成,其中电机的永磁转矩与永磁体用量成正比,磁阻转矩正比于交轴电感与直轴电感的比值,而交直轴电感比值又与θ1和θ2的取值直接相关,在不增加永磁体用量的情况下,合理分配θ1和θ2的取值,能够增大电机的交轴电感与直轴电感的比值,提升磁阻转矩分量。而针对于输出同样大小的电机转矩时,永磁转矩可以较小,由此可以减少永磁体用量,从而降低成本。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,第二磁体槽的槽口宽度L2大于第一磁体槽的槽口宽度L1。
在该设计中,第二磁体槽的槽口宽度大于第一磁体槽的槽口宽度,也就是说,呈V型结构排布的两个第二磁体槽的槽口宽度均大于呈一字型排布的第一磁体槽的槽口宽度。当第一磁体槽和第二磁体槽的槽口宽度满足上述关系时,则更有利于每个磁极下的磁场强度,能够实现聚磁,在增大电机输出转矩的同时,能够进一步利于增大电机的交轴电感与直轴电感的比值,从而增加词组转矩分量,提升电机弱磁扩速能力。值得说明的是,第二磁体槽的槽口宽度是指第二磁体槽中用于容纳永磁体部分所对应的宽度。第一磁体槽的槽口宽度是指第一磁体槽中用于容纳永磁体部分所对应的宽度。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,第二磁体槽的槽口宽度L2大于等于15mm,小于等于21mm。
在该设计中,对第二磁体槽的槽口宽度L2的具体取值做了进一步的限定,当L2的取值满足上述范围时,则会更加利于每个磁极下的磁场强度分布,能够实现聚磁,在增大电机输出转矩的同时,能够进一步利于增大电机的交轴电感与直轴电感的比值,从而增加词组转矩分量,提升电机弱磁扩速能力。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,第二磁体槽的槽口厚度W2大于等于第一磁体槽的槽口宽度W1,小于等于第一磁体槽的槽口宽度W1的1.5倍。
在该设计中,第二磁体槽的槽口厚度大于等于第一磁体槽的槽口厚度,也就是说,呈V型结构排布的两个第二磁体槽的槽口厚度均大于等于呈一字型排布的第一磁体槽的槽口厚度。当第一磁体槽和第二磁体槽的槽口厚度满足上述关系时,则更有利于每个磁极下的磁场强度,能够实现聚磁,在增大电机输出转矩的同时,能够进一步利于增大电机的交轴电感与直轴电感的比值,从而增加词组转矩分量,提升电机弱磁扩速能力。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,第二磁体槽的槽口厚度大于等于2mm,小于等于5mm。
在该设计中,对第二磁体槽的槽口厚度的具体取值做了进一步的限定,当W2的取值满足上述范围时,则会更加利于每个磁极下的磁场强度分布,能够实现聚磁,在增大电机输出转矩的同时,能够进一步利于增大电机的交轴电感与直轴电感的比值,从而增加词组转矩分量,提升电机弱磁扩速能力。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,转子冲片还包括隔磁槽,隔磁槽设置在第一磁体槽的端部与冲片本体的外边沿之间。
在该设计中,隔磁槽设置在冲片本体上,一方面隔磁槽位于第一磁体槽与冲片本体的外边沿之间,则隔磁槽可以将位于第一磁体槽与冲片本体之间的部分冲片本体划分为两个隔磁桥,两个隔磁桥中一个靠近第一磁体槽,两个隔磁桥中另一个靠近冲片本体的外边沿,双隔磁桥结构能够提高转子冲片的机械强度,能够优化转子磁场分布情况,明显提升具有该转子冲片的电机的电磁转矩,有效改善位于磁体槽内的永磁体的漏磁以及退磁现象,分散转子冲片在高转速工况时磁体槽周边的离心应力,由此解决电机在高转速下转子冲片机械强度难以满足要求的问题,实现低漏磁与高强度电机的设计,此外,还能够使得永磁体的利用率与电机功率密度都能得到明显提高,进一步改善电机的工作性能,同时一定程度上也能够削弱电机转矩脉动,降低电机的运行噪音,提高用户的使用舒适度。
值得说明的是,隔磁槽的横截面呈封闭的三边形、四边形、多边形或三边形、四边形、多边形与圆弧组成的不规则几何图形。每一个安装部包括两个隔磁槽,两个隔磁槽的形状相同,尺寸大小相同,结构较为规整,便于加工成型。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,第一磁体槽包括远离轴孔的第一直槽壁,第一直槽壁所在平面为第一端面,隔磁槽位于第一端面背离轴孔的一侧。
在该设计中,第一磁体槽包括远离轴孔的第一直槽壁,第一直槽壁所在平面为第一端面。其中,值得说明的是,当第一磁体槽内装配有第一永磁体时,则第一直槽壁为位于第一永磁体远离轴孔的一侧的槽壁。其中,第一直槽壁与 第一永磁体之间具有间隙。当第一直槽壁与第一永磁体之间具有间隙可以便于第一永磁体的安装。本申请的一个设计中通过令隔磁槽位于第一端面背离轴孔的一侧,从而可以保证隔磁槽在有效改善冲片本体漏磁的同时,不影响电机的dq轴磁路,保证电机足够的永磁转矩。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,转子冲片还包括气隙槽,气隙槽设置在冲片本体上并位于两个第一槽端之间。
在该设计中,两个第二磁体槽的第一槽端之间还设有气隙槽,当多个磁体槽布置在冲片本体上时,位于两个第二磁体槽的第一槽端之间的部分冲片本体构成隔磁桥,而隔磁桥的宽度较大,漏磁情况较为严重。本申请的一个设计中将气隙槽设置在两个第一槽端之间,从而可以减小位于两个第一槽端之间隔磁桥的宽度,进而可以有效降低漏磁,提高具有该转子冲片的电机的功率密度。
进一步地,气隙槽沿冲片本体的径向延伸,即气隙槽沿轴孔的径向延伸。通过增加气隙槽的径向长度,可以减小两个磁体槽之间隔磁桥的宽度,有效降低漏磁。
此外,通过在两个第二磁体槽的第一槽端设置气隙槽,从而在两个第一槽端之间形成双磁桥结构,从而有利于减小两个第二磁体槽内放置的永磁体的端部漏磁现象,提升永磁体的利用率,同时,该双磁桥结构设计可以共同承受应力,进一步加强转子冲片的机械强度,避免电机在高速运行时,由于内部应力作用而导致转子冲片损坏问题。提升转子冲片的机械强度,从而使得电机的峰值转速能进一步增加,有利于提高电机的功率密度。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,位于气隙槽与第一槽端之间的部分冲片本体构成隔磁桥,隔磁桥的宽度W3大于等于0.5mm,小于等于2.7mm。
在该设计中,位于气隙槽与第一槽端之间的部分冲片本体构成隔磁桥,由于第一槽端具有两个,则气隙槽与相邻的两个第一槽端可以形成两个隔磁桥,隔磁桥的宽度均满足上述关系。当然,两个隔磁桥的宽度可以相同,也可以不相同,只要满足上述关系式即可。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,冲片本体的半径为r,气隙槽包括远离轴孔的气隙壁,气隙壁与冲片本体的外边沿之间的垂直距离的最小值为H1,其中,
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000003
在该设计中,冲片本体的半径为r,值得说明的是,这里的半径是指冲片本体的外周沿所在圆的半径。气隙槽包括远离轴孔的气隙壁,气隙壁与冲片本体的外边沿之间的垂直距离的最小值为H1,换而言之,靠近气隙壁的部分冲片本体的外边沿为第一边沿,那么H1则为气隙壁与第一边沿之间的垂直距离。当H1的取值与夹角θ1、夹角θ2、第二磁体槽的槽口宽度L2以及冲片本体的半径r相配时,即满足上述关系式,则气隙槽的设置位置可以进一步优化冲片本体上的应力分布,在加强转子冲片的机械强度,避免电机在高速运行时,由于内部应力作用而导致转子冲片损坏问题,提升转子冲片的机械强度,从而使得电机的峰值转速能进一步增加,有利于提高电机的功率密度。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,安装部还包括辅助槽,辅助槽冲片本体的外边沿的一部分朝向轴孔凹陷以构成辅助槽。
在该设计中,冲片本体的外边沿的一部分朝向轴孔凹陷以构成辅助槽,辅助槽能够有效地降低电机气隙磁场中的谐波含量,从而提高气隙磁密波形的正弦度,改善电机的转矩脉动,降低谐波带来的径向力,降低电机的运行噪音,改善电机的振动噪声,从而提高用户的使用舒适度。此外,本申请通过在转子冲片上设置凹陷的辅助槽,也能够对电机的空载反电势波形和径向力进行部分调整,降低电机最大空载线反电势。值得说明的是,电机的转矩脉动很大程度上取决于气隙磁场的非正弦,气隙磁场中的谐波含量越高,电机的输出转矩波形越差,脉动越大,振动噪声越大。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,辅助槽的数量为多个,多个辅助槽间隔布置,多个辅助槽沿中心面对称设置。
在该设计中,每个安装部上可以设置多个辅助槽,譬如每个安装部上可以设置4个辅助槽,多个辅助槽间隔布置在冲片本体上。当电机的极对数为p时,则安装部的数量为2p个,则在每个安装部上均可以设置多个辅助槽。每个安装部上的多个辅助槽沿中心面对称设置,辅助槽的数量至少为两个,成对设置。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,辅助槽为弧形槽。辅助槽的槽深大于等于0.1mm,小于等于0.9mm。
在该设计中,辅助槽为弧形槽,具体地,辅助槽的槽底为圆弧型。进一步地,辅助槽的槽深满足上述关系式,从而可以令辅助槽的体积较小,避免辅助槽对冲片本体外边沿的形状造成较大改变。
值得说明的是,多个辅助槽包括两个内辅槽和两个外辅槽,两个内辅槽沿中心面对称设置,大小尺寸相同,两个内辅槽位于两个隔磁槽限定的冲片本体的外边沿之间。两个外辅槽沿中心面对称设置,大小尺寸相同,两个外辅槽位于两个第二磁体槽和第一磁体槽限定的冲片本体的外边沿上。通过多个辅助槽的设计,从而达到不均匀气隙的效果,优化气隙磁密波形,提高气隙的磁场薄型的正弦性。
根据本申请的第二个方面,提供了一种转子铁芯,包括上述任一设计中所提供的转子冲片。
本申请提供的转子铁芯,包括上述任一设计所提供的转子冲片,因此具有该转子冲片的全部有益效果,在此不再赘述。
根据本申请的第三个方面,提供了一种转子,包括上述任一设计中所提供的转子铁芯。
本申请提供的转子,包括上述任一设计所提供的转子铁芯,因此具有该转子铁芯的全部有益效果,在此不再赘述。
进一步地,至少一个转子铁芯中每一个转子铁芯的多个转子冲片的磁体槽沿转子铁芯的轴向贯通以形成插槽。转子还包括多个永磁体,多个永磁体一一对应设置在多个插槽中。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,转子铁芯的数量为多个,多个转子铁芯沿轴向堆叠。即多个转子铁芯在垂直于转子冲片本体的方向上依次叠压形成转子。同一个转子铁芯上所有转子冲片的圆周向轮廓完全重叠,此种层叠组装设计能够降低转子铁芯中的涡流损耗。由于构成每一个转子铁芯的转子冲片上均设有多个磁体槽,在同一个转子铁芯上,同一位置处的磁体槽沿轴向重叠贯通。在转子中,每一极下的多个磁体槽能够形成一个安装部,每一个安装部中磁体槽内装配的永磁体的极性相同。逆时针看,每一极的永磁体极性交替均匀分布,将永磁体安装到转子铁芯中的磁体槽内,就可以构成内部有永磁体的转子铁芯,这可以减小电机在运行过程中由于涡流效应导致的磁钢发热情况。
进一步地,多个转子铁芯沿垂直于转子的中心轴线的基准面对称排布,多个转子铁芯中任意两个转子铁芯之间的最大相对旋转角度α1,其中,
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000004
N为转子铁芯的数量,Z为电机中定子槽的数量。通过采用该设计的相对旋转角度α1,同时令转子冲片的θ1和θ2的角度满足前述关系式,则可在保证电机输出转矩的同时,最大程度地降低永磁体的端部漏磁,提高永磁体的利用率,削弱齿槽转矩,减小电机转矩脉动,同时改善气隙磁场分布,降低气隙磁场的畸变率,使得空载反电势波形分布更加正弦。除此之外,θ1和α1的取值是影响电机气隙磁场分布的关键因素,电机的转矩波形和空载反电势波形很大程度上取决于气隙磁场的分布。其中,气隙磁场中的5、7次谐波会带来6倍频的转矩脉动,这是造成转矩波动的主要原因。然而气隙磁场中的7、11、13、23、25次谐波也会导致电机的空载反电势波形畸变严重,带来最大空载线反电势峰值过高的问题,超过电机控制器许可范围,同时谐波过大还会带来电机振动噪声过大、损耗增加,效率降低及温升问题,从而直接降低电机的性能。然而本申请的一个设计中通过对θ1和α1做上述数值匹配,从而可在保证电机输出转矩的基础上,有效改善气隙磁场正弦度,减小谐波,改善振动噪音问题,降低最大空载线反电势峰值、削弱电机转矩脉动,提高电机效率,从而能够实现高性能的电机设计。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,多个转子铁芯沿垂直于转子的中心轴线的基准面不对称,多个转子铁芯中任意两个转子铁芯之间的最大相对旋转角度为α2,其中,
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000005
通过采用该设计的相对旋转角度α2,同时令转子冲片的θ1和θ2的角度满足前述关系式,则可在保证电机输出转矩的同时,最大程度地降低永磁体的端部漏磁,提高永磁体的利用率,削弱齿槽转矩,减小电机转矩脉动,同时改善气隙磁场分布,降低气隙磁场的畸变率,使得空载反电势波形分布更加正弦,除此之外,θ1和α2的取值是影响电机气隙磁场分布的关键因素,电机的转矩波形和空载反电势波形很大程度上取决于气隙磁场的分布。其中,气 隙磁场中的5、7次谐波会带来6倍频的转矩脉动,这是造成转矩波动的主要原因。然而气隙磁场中的7、11、13、23、25次谐波也会导致电机的空载反电势波形畸变严重,带来最大空载线反电势峰值过高的问题,超过电机控制器许可范围,同时谐波过大还会带来电机振动噪声过大、损耗增加,效率降低及温升问题,从而直接降低电机的性能。然而本申请的一个设计中通过对θ1和α2做上述数值匹配,从而可在保证电机输出转矩的基础上,有效改善气隙磁场正弦度,减小谐波,改善振动噪音问题,降低最大空载线反电势峰值、削弱电机转矩脉动,提高电机效率,从而能够实现高性能的电机设计。
根据本申请的第四个方面,提供了一种电机,包括上述任一设计中所提供的转子。
本申请提供的电机,包括上述任一设计所提供的转子,因此具有该转子的全部有益效果,在此不再赘述。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,电机包括定子,定子构造形成装配腔,转子设置在装配腔内。
在该设计中,电机包括定子,定子具有装配腔,转子设置在装配腔内,并且能够相对于定子转动。
根据本申请的第五个方面,提供了一种车辆,包括上述任一设计中所提供的电机。
本申请提供的车辆,包括上述任一设计所提供的电机,因此具有该电机的全部有益效果,在此不再赘述。
值得说明的是,车辆可以为新能源汽车。新能源汽车包括纯电动汽车、增程式电动汽车、混合动力汽车、燃料电池电动汽车、氢发动机汽车等。
进一步地,上述任一设计所提供的电机可以作为车辆的驱动电机。具体地,驱动电机能够单独实现车辆的功能装置启动。或者,驱动电机可以与车辆上的其他驱动装置共同配合以实现车辆上的功能装置正常运行。其中,车辆的功能装置可以为以下任一或任意组合:车轮、空调器、灯光组件等。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,车辆包括车体,电机安装在车体内。
根据本申请的第六个方面,提供了一种转子冲片,包括冲片本体、轴孔、多个安装部和隔磁槽。其中,轴孔设置在冲片本体上。多个安装部围绕轴孔设置在冲片本体上,多个安装部中每一个安装部包括多个磁体槽。其中,多个磁体槽包括第一磁体槽,第一磁体槽远离轴孔布置在冲片本体上,第一磁体槽包括远离轴孔的第一直槽壁,第一直槽壁所在平面为第一端面。隔磁槽设置在冲片本体上并位于第一磁体槽与冲片本体的外边沿之间,隔磁槽位于第一端面背离轴孔的一侧。
本申请提供的转子冲片包括冲片本体、轴孔、多个安装部和隔磁槽。轴孔开设在冲片本体上,冲片本体为磁钢本体。轴孔用于装配转子的转轴。多个安装部围绕轴孔设置在冲片本体上。值得说明的是,多个安装部中每 一个安装部的结构可以相同,也可以部分相同,根据实际需要对其进行调整即可。每个安装部包括多个磁体槽,磁体槽用于装配转子的永磁体。多个磁体槽包括第一磁体槽,第一磁体槽相对于其他的磁体槽远离轴孔布置在冲片本体上,第一磁体槽包括远离轴孔的第一直槽壁,第一直槽壁所在平面为第一端面。其中,值得说明的是,当第一磁体槽内装配有第一永磁体时,则第一直槽壁为位于第一永磁体远离轴孔的一侧的槽壁。其中,第一直槽壁与第一永磁体之间具有间隙。当第一直槽壁与第一永磁体之间具有间隙可以便于第一永磁体的安装。冲片本体还包括隔磁槽,隔磁槽设置在冲片本体上,一方面隔磁槽位于第一磁体槽与冲片本体的外边沿之间,则隔磁槽可以将位于第一磁体槽与冲片本体之间的部分冲片本体划分为两个隔磁桥,两个隔磁桥中一个靠近第一磁体槽,两个隔磁桥中另一个靠近冲片本体的外边沿,双隔磁桥结构能够提高转子冲片的机械强度,能够优化转子磁场分布情况,明显提升具有该转子冲片的电机的电磁转矩,有效改善位于磁体槽内的永磁体的漏磁以及退磁现象,分散转子冲片在高转速工况时磁体槽周边的离心应力,由此解决电机在高转速下转子冲片机械强度难以满足要求的问题,实现低漏磁与高强度电机的设计,此外,还能够使得永磁体的利用率与电机功率密度都能得到明显提高,进一步改善电机的工作性能,同时一定程度上也能够削弱电机转矩脉动,降低电机的运行噪音,提高用户的使用舒适度;另一方面隔磁槽位于第一端面背离轴孔的一侧,从而可以保证隔磁槽在有效改善冲片本体漏磁的同时,不影响电机的dq轴磁路,保证电机足够的永磁转矩。
具体地,关于隔磁槽位于第一端面背离轴孔的一侧,也可以解释为,隔磁槽内任一点与第一端面之间的最小垂直间距Lmin大于0。从而在保证改善漏磁现象的同时,能够不影响电机的dq轴磁路,保证电机足够的磁阻转矩。
其中,隔磁槽的横截面呈封闭的三边形、四边形、多边形或三边形、四边形、多边形与圆弧组成的不规则几何图形。每一个安装部包括两个隔磁槽,两个隔磁槽的形状相同,尺寸大小相同,结构较为规整,便于加工成型。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,隔磁槽位于第一磁体槽的端部与冲片本体的外边沿之间。
在该设计中,隔磁槽位于第一磁体槽的端部与冲片本体的外边沿之间,一方面通过在第一磁体槽与冲片本体的外边沿之间设置隔磁槽以形成双磁桥结构,从而可以有效改善转子在高速时的结构应力,减小转子的形变量,避免转子冲片在高转速运行状态下受到离心力的作用而变形或断裂,增强转子冲片整体的结构强度;另一方面,通过将隔磁槽设置在第一磁体槽的端部与冲片本体的外边沿之间,即将第一隔磁槽设置在漏磁较大的第一磁体槽的端部,从而可以有效减小设置在第一磁体槽内的永磁体的端部漏磁,进而提高永磁体的利用率。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,冲片本体包括第一隔磁桥,第一隔磁桥位于隔磁槽与第一磁体槽之间,第一隔磁桥具有相背离的第一隔磁端和第二隔磁端,第一隔磁端的宽度与第二隔磁端的宽度不同。
在该设计中,位于隔磁槽与第一磁体槽之间的部分冲片本体为第一隔磁桥,第一隔磁桥具有相背离的第一隔磁端和第二隔磁端,且第一隔磁端的宽度与第二隔磁端的宽度不同,即第一隔磁桥上每一处的宽度并不是全部相等,第一隔磁桥的一个端部能够达到饱和而限制漏磁,第一隔磁桥的另一个端部能够起到分散冲片应力的作用,保证转子冲片足够的机械强度。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,隔磁槽的数量为两个,两个隔磁槽分别设置在第一磁体槽的两端,位于两个隔磁槽与第一磁体槽之间的部分冲片本体为第一本体,第一隔磁端位于第二隔磁端与第一本体之间,第二隔磁端的宽度大于第一隔磁端宽度并小于等于第一隔磁端宽度的4倍。
在该设计中,隔磁槽的数量为两个,两个隔磁槽分别设置在第一磁体槽的两端。冲片本体还包括第一本体,第一本体位于两个隔磁槽和第一磁体槽之间,即第一本体位于第一磁体槽背离轴孔的一侧。第一隔磁端位于第二隔磁端与第一本体之间,也就是说,第一隔磁端靠近第一本体,第二隔磁端远离第一本体,其中,第一隔磁端的宽度小于第二隔磁端的宽度,即第一隔磁桥整体呈上窄下宽的形状,类似于梯形。磁通在通过第一隔磁桥的第一隔磁端时,通过在较窄的第一隔磁端达到饱和从而可以限制漏磁,而较宽的第二隔磁端则充分起到分散冲片盈利,保护增转子冲片足够的机械强度的作用。进一步地,第二隔磁端的宽度大于第一隔磁端的宽度,且小于等于第一隔磁端宽度的4倍,具体地,第二隔磁端的宽度为t2,第一隔磁端的宽度为t1,其中,t2≥k×t1,k∈(1,4)。当第一隔磁端的宽度t1、第二隔磁端的宽度t2满足前述关系时,则利于合理分配第一隔磁桥的尺寸,从而可以改善转子冲片的结构强度与漏磁现象。值得说明的是,k在1至4的范围内,譬如,k的取值可以为1.5、1.8、2.6、3.4、3.7。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,第一隔磁端的宽度大于等于冲片本体的厚度。
在该设计中,第一隔磁端的宽度t1大于等于冲片本体的厚度,通过令第一隔磁桥的最小宽度大于转子冲片的厚度,从而可以防止呈梯形的第一隔磁桥的任一部位过薄而出现断裂,从而提高了转子冲片的强度,提高转子冲片的使用可靠性。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,第一磁体槽包括中间段和延伸段,中间段用于容纳转子的永磁体。延伸段设置在中间段的端部并与中间段相连通。
在该设计中,第一磁体槽包括中间段和延伸段,中间段用于容纳转子的永磁体,中间段包括第一直槽壁。延伸段设置在中间段的两端,延伸段与中间段相连通,永磁体并未设置在延伸段内。即当永磁体插入第一磁体槽内时,永磁体仅能填充于第一磁体槽中的中间段,空气充满第一磁体槽的延伸段内,此时,延伸段能够抑制永磁体的端部漏磁现象。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,两个隔磁槽之间的最小距离为d1;中间段的宽度为x1;延伸段的数量为两个,两个延伸段分别连接在中间段的两端,两个延伸段之间的最大距离为x2,其中:
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000006
在该设计中,两个隔磁槽之间的最小距离为d1,两个隔磁槽是指位于第一磁体槽两端的两个隔磁槽。中间段的宽度为x1,中间段内设置永磁体,中间段的宽度与永磁体的宽度相等,则中间段的宽度也等同于永磁体的宽度。延伸段的数量为两个,两个延伸段分别连接在中间段的两端,两个延伸段之间的最大距离为x2,其中,当两个隔磁槽之间的最小距离d1、中间段(永磁体)的宽度为x1和两个延伸段之间的最大距离x2满足上述关系时,则可以使得隔磁槽在不影响转子冲片的主磁路的情况下,令磁场的分布更加均匀,电磁转矩波形更加规律,从而可以利于降低电机转矩脉动,同时也可以防止隔磁槽过大而导致磁路等效磁阻过大而降低电机的电磁转矩。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,两个隔磁槽的中心与轴孔的中心连线形成的夹角为θ,冲片本体的外周半径为r0,第一本体的径向宽度的最大值为h1,其中:
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000007
在该设计中,隔磁槽的横截面呈几何图形和/或非几何图形,当隔磁槽的横截面呈几何图形时,则隔磁槽的中心即为几何图形的中心。当隔磁槽的横截面呈非几何图形时,则隔磁槽的中心为周向相距最远两点连线和径向相距最远两点连线的交点作为中心。两个隔磁槽包括第一隔磁槽和第二隔磁槽,第一隔磁槽的中心为第一中心,第二隔磁槽的中心为第二中心,轴孔的中心为轴心,第一中心、第二中心和轴心构成的夹角为θ。θ的值可以表征任一安装部内任一个设置在端部的隔磁槽的相对大小与位置。具体表现为:θ越大,隔磁槽相对越大,对电机端部漏磁的改善效果越好;θ越小,则隔磁槽相对越小,对电机漏磁的改善效果越差。当夹角θ、中间段的宽度x1、两个延伸段之间的最大距离x2、冲片本体的外周半径为r0,第一本体的径向宽度的最大值h1满足上述关系时,则可以使得隔磁槽的位置与大小相对更优,从而在保证转子冲片机械强度优异的情况下,可以有效调整磁场分布,改善永磁体漏磁与退磁,降低电机转矩脉动。同时,也可以防止隔磁槽过大而导致磁路等效磁阻过大,避免电机的电磁转矩降低。
具体地,令
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000008
则x在1至1.3的范围内,进一步地,x可以为1.05、1.1、1.15、1.2、1.25等。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,第一隔磁桥具有靠近隔磁槽的磁桥边,磁桥边的长度为L0,其中:
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000009
在该设计中,第一磁桥具有靠近隔磁槽的磁桥边,磁桥边的长度L0满足 上述关系式,从而可以使得隔磁槽在不影响转子冲片的主磁路的情况下,令磁场的分布更加均匀,电磁转矩波形更加规律,从而可以利于降低电机转矩脉动,同时也可以防止隔磁槽过大而导致磁路等效磁阻过大而降低电机的电磁转矩。第一磁桥还具有靠近第一磁体槽的隔磁边,磁桥边与隔磁边的长度可以相等,也可以不想等,根据实际情况进行调整即可。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,冲片本体还包括第二隔磁桥,第二隔磁桥位于隔磁槽和冲片本体的外边沿之间。第二隔磁桥的宽度h大于或等于冲片本体的厚度。
在该设计中,第二隔磁桥位于隔磁槽和冲片本体的外边沿之间。具体地,第二隔磁桥为弧形隔磁桥。第二隔磁桥的最小宽度大于等于转子冲片的厚度,从而可以防止转子冲片的外周缘部位局部过薄而容易断裂,从而可以提高转子冲片的强度,提高转子的使用可靠性。值得说明的是,当第二隔磁桥为等宽隔磁桥时,则第二隔磁桥的宽度即为第二隔磁桥的平均宽度。当第二隔磁桥为不等宽隔磁桥时,则第二隔磁桥的宽度是指最小宽度。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,第二隔磁桥的宽度h小于第一隔磁端的宽度t1。
在该设计中,第二隔磁桥的宽度h小于第一隔磁端的宽度t1,由于采用隔磁槽所获得的双磁桥结构,第一隔磁桥上任意磁桥段的结构应力大于第二隔磁桥。其中第一隔磁桥的第一隔磁端小于第二隔磁端,第一隔磁端的宽度t1满足结构强度要求,则第二隔磁桥的结构强度必然能够满足结构强度要求。在令第二隔磁桥的宽度h小于第一隔磁端的宽度t1,从而可以使得第二隔磁桥较窄,从而能够进一步抑制端部漏磁,提高永磁体的利用率。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,多个磁体槽还包括两个第二磁体槽,两个第二磁体槽设置在冲片本体上,两个第二磁体槽中每一个第二磁体槽分别具有靠近轴孔的内端和远离轴孔的外端,两个内端彼此靠近,两个外端彼此远离,第一磁体槽设置在两个外端之间。
在该设计中,多个磁体槽包括两个第二磁体槽,两个第二磁体槽设置在冲片本体上,每一个第二磁体槽具有靠近轴孔的内端,远离轴孔的外端,两个内端彼此靠近,两个外端彼此远离,即两个第二磁体槽呈V型布置在冲片本体上。进一步地,第一磁体槽的至少一部分位于两个外端之间,三个磁体槽呈类三角形布置在冲片本体上。值得说明的是,一个安装部包括三个磁体槽。
根据本申请的第七个方面,提供了一种转子铁芯,包括上述任一设计所提供的转子冲片。
本申请提供的转子铁芯,包括上述任一设计所提供的转子冲片,因此具有该转子冲片的全部有益效果,在此不再赘述。
根据本申请的第八个方面,提供了一种转子,包括上述任一设计中的转子铁芯。
本申请提供的转子,包括上述任一设计所提供的转子铁芯,因此具有该转子铁芯的全部有益效果,在此不再赘述。
进一步地,转子铁芯的多个转子冲片的磁体槽沿转子铁芯的轴向贯通以形成插槽。转子还包括多个永磁体,多个永磁体一一对应设置在多个插槽中。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,多个插槽包括第一插槽,多个转子冲片的第一磁体槽形成第一插槽,第一磁体槽的中间段构成插槽的中间槽。多个永磁体包括第一永磁体,第一永磁体插设在中间槽内,第一永磁体的宽度与中间槽的宽度相等。
在该设计中,多个转子冲片的第一磁体槽堆叠后形成第一插槽,第一插槽的中间段构成中间槽。第一永磁体插设在中间槽内,第一永磁体的宽度与中间槽的宽度相等。第一永磁体与中间槽的第一直槽壁之间具有间隙,从而便于装配。
根据本申请的第九个方面,提供了一种电机,包括上述任一设计所提供的转子。
本申请提供的电机,包括上述任一设计所提供的转子,因此具有该转子的全部有益效果,在此不再赘述。
进一步地,电机还包括定子,定子构造形成装配腔,转子设置在装配腔内,转子能够相对于定子转动。
根据本申请的第十个方面,提供了一种车辆,包括上述任一设计所提供的电机。
本申请的一个设计中所提供的车辆,包括上述任一设计所提供的电机,因此具有该电机的全部有益效果,在此不再赘述。
值得说明的是,车辆可以为新能源汽车。其中,新能源汽车包括纯电动汽车、增程式电动汽车、混合动力汽车、燃料电池电动汽车、氢发动机汽车等。
进一步地,上述任一设计所提供的电机可以作为车辆的驱动电机。具体地,驱动电机能够单独实现车辆的功能装置启动。或者,驱动电机可以与车辆上的其他驱动装置共同配合以实现车辆上的功能装置正常运行。其中,车辆的功能装置可以为以下任一或任意组合:车轮、空调器、灯光组件等。
在一种可能的设计中,进一步地,车辆包括车体,电机安装在车体内。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述部分中变得明显,或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解,其中:
图1示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中转子冲片的结构示意图;
图2示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中转子冲片与永磁体的装配示意图;
图3示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中转子冲片的部分结构示意图;
图4示出了根据本申请的另一个实施例中转子冲片的结构示意图;
图5示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中转子铁芯的结构示意图;
图6示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中转子的结构示意图;
图7示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中转子的侧视图;
图8示出了根据本申请的另一个实施例中转子的结构示意图;
图9示出了根据本申请的另一个实施例中转子的侧视图;
图10示出了根据本申请的又一个实施例中转子的结构示意图;
图11示出了根据本申请的又一个实施例中转子的侧视图;
图12示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中电机的转矩脉动率仿真曲线图;
图13示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中电机的最大空载线反电势仿真曲线图;
图14示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中电机与相关技术的电机的最大空载线反电势对比曲线图;
图15示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中电机与相关技术的电机的电磁转矩对比曲线图;
图16示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中转子冲片的结构示意图;
图17示出了图16所示的本申请的一个实施例中转子冲片在A处的局部放大图;
图18示出了图17所示的本申请的一个实施例中转子冲片在B处的局部放大图;
图19示出了图17所示的本申请的一个实施例中转子冲片在C处的局部放大图;
图20示出了根据本申请的另一个实施例中转子冲片的结构示意图;
图21示出了图20所示的本申请的一个实施例中转子冲片在D处的局部放大图;
图22示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中转子冲片与相关技术中转子冲片的转矩波形对比图;
图23示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中转子冲片中隔磁槽位置不同情况下的转矩曲线图;
图24示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中转子冲片中隔磁槽位置不同情况下的转矩脉动曲线图。
其中,图1至图11、图16至图21中附图标记与部件名称之间的对应关系为:
1转子冲片,
10冲片本体,101隔磁桥,
1010第一隔磁桥,101a第一隔磁端,101b第二隔磁端,101c磁桥边,
1020第二隔磁桥,
103第一本体,
11轴孔,
12安装部,
120磁体槽,
121第一磁体槽,121a第一直槽壁,121b中间段,121c延伸段,
122第二磁体槽,122a第一槽端,122b第二槽端,122c第二直槽壁,
123辅助槽,
13隔磁槽,
14气隙槽,141气隙壁,
2转子铁芯,
20永磁体,20a第一永磁体,
3转子。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本申请的上述目的、特征和优点,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本申请进行进一步的详细描述。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本申请,但是,本申请还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施,因此,本申请的保护范围并不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
下面参照图1至图24描述根据本申请一些实施例所提供的转子冲片1、转子铁芯2、转子3、电机和车辆。
实施例一
根据本申请的第一个方面,提供了一种转子冲片1,如图1至图4所示,包括冲片本体10、轴孔11和多个安装部12。轴孔11设置在冲片本体10上。多个安装部12围绕轴孔11设置在冲片本体10上,多个安装部12中每一个安装部12包括多个磁体槽120。多个磁体槽120包括第一磁体槽121和两个第二磁体槽122,第一磁体槽121远离轴孔11设置。两个第二磁体槽122中每一个第二磁体槽122包括第一槽端122a和第二槽端122b。第一槽端122a靠近轴孔11设置。第二槽端122b远离轴孔11设置。两个第一槽端122a之间的距离小于两个第二槽端122b之间的距离,第一磁体槽121的至少部分位于两个第二槽端122b之间。轴孔11的中心与第一磁体槽121的中心之间的连线沿冲片本体10轴向延伸以构成中心面,第二磁体槽122包括远离中心面的第一顶点,第一顶点与轴孔11的中心连线为第一连线,第一连线与中心面形成夹角。
本申请的一个实施例提供的转子冲片1包括冲片本体10、轴孔11和多个安装部12。转子冲片1用于电机。轴孔11开设在冲片本体10上,冲片本体10由硅钢材料制得。其中,硅钢是指含硅量为1.0%~4.5%,含碳量 小于0.08%的硅合金钢。硅钢具有导磁率高、矫顽力低、电阻系数大等特性,因而导磁性能好,且磁滞损失和涡流损失都比较小。轴孔11用于装配转子3的转轴。多个安装部12围绕轴孔11设置在冲片本体10上,值得说明的是,多个安装部12中每一个安装部12的结构可以相同,也可以部分相同,根据实际需要对其进行调整即可。每个安装部12包括多个磁体槽120,磁体槽120用于装配转子3的永磁体20。多个磁体槽120包括第一磁体槽121和两个第二磁体槽122。第一磁体槽121远离轴孔11设置在冲片本体10上。每一个第二磁体槽122包括第一槽端122a和第二槽端122b,第一槽端122a靠近轴孔11设置,第二槽端122b远离轴孔11设置。即两个第二磁体槽122呈V型布置在冲片本体10上,第一磁体槽121的至少一部分位于两个第二槽端122b之间,此时第一磁体槽121和两个第二磁体槽122呈类三角形布置在冲片本体10上。轴孔11的中心和第一磁体槽121的中心之间的连线为中心线,中心线沿冲片本体10的轴向延伸可以构成中心面。第二磁体槽122内包括远离中心面的第一顶点,即第一顶点与中心面之间的距离大于第二磁体槽122内其他顶点与中心面之间的距离。第一顶点与轴孔11的中心连线为第一连线。本申请通过令第一连线与中心面形成夹角,从而对该夹角进行合理取值,从而可以排布两个第二磁体槽122相对于轴孔11的位置,使得转子冲片1的整体结构布局更加合理,在保证电机输出转矩的基础上,能够降低电机的生产成本,有效改善气隙磁场正弦度,减小谐波,改善振动噪音问题,降低最大空载线反电势峰值、削弱电机转矩脉动,提高电机效率,从而实现高性能、低成本的电机设计。
值得说明的是,第一磁体槽121的横截面呈几何图形和/或非几何图形,当第一磁体槽121的横截面呈几何图形时,则第一磁体槽121的中心即为几何图形的中心。当第一磁体槽121的横截面呈非几何图形时,则第一磁体槽121的中心为周向相距最远两点连线和径向相距最远两点连线的交点作为中心。
进一步地,如图3所示,第一连线与中心面形成的夹角为θ1,其中,
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000010
p为安装部12的数量的一半。
在该实施例中,第一连线与中心面所构成的夹角θ1的取值对电机的输出转矩、转矩脉动、气隙磁场都具有较大的影响,θ1的取值越小,则电机的电磁转矩越大,转矩脉动越低,然而气隙磁场波形畸变越严重。而θ1的取值越大则会对电机的其他性能造成影响。因此,θ1的合理取值对于电机的优异性能具有至关重要的作用。针对于电机的输出转矩而言,将θ1的取值限制在上述范围内时,可以合理地分配电机的磁阻转矩分量和永磁转矩分量,从而可以在不增加电磁件成本的情况下,提高电机输出转矩。具体而言,电机输出转矩由磁阻转矩分量和永磁转矩分量构成,其中,永磁转矩与电机中永磁体20的用量成正比,磁阻转矩正比于交轴电感与直轴电感的比值,而交轴电感与直轴电感的比值又与第一连线与中心面所构成的夹角θ1 的取值相关。因此,在不增加永磁体20用量的情况下,对夹角θ1合理取值就能够增大电机的交轴电感与直轴电感的比值,提升磁阻转矩分量,而在输出同样大小的电机转矩时,永磁转矩可以较小,由此可以减少永磁体20用量,从而降低成本。值得说明的是,p为安装部12的数量的一半,p为电机的极对数。
进一步地,如图1至图3所示,第二磁体槽122包括第二直槽壁122c,第二直槽壁122c连接在第一槽端122a与第二槽端122b之间,第二直槽壁122c所在平面与中心面之间的夹角为θ2,其中,
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000011
在该实施例中,第二磁体槽122包括第二直槽壁122c,且第二直槽壁122c连接在第一槽端122a和第二槽端122b之间。第二直槽壁122c所在平面与中心面所形成的夹角为θ2。根据上述关系式可以获得与θ1相配的θ2,从而能够影响电机的直轴磁路和交轴磁路,从而可以间接影响电机的各种性能。针对于电机的输出转矩而言,当θ1满足前述关系时,θ2与θ1的比值位于上述范围内时,则可以合理分配电机的磁阻转矩分量和永磁转矩分量,从而在不增加电磁件成本的情况下,提高电机输出转矩。具体来说,电机的输出转矩由磁阻转矩分量和永磁转矩分量构成,其中电机的永磁转矩与永磁体20用量成正比,磁阻转矩正比于交轴电感与直轴电感的比值,而交直轴电感比值又与θ1和θ2的取值直接相关,在不增加永磁体20用量的情况下,合理分配θ1和θ2的取值,能够增大电机的交轴电感与直轴电感的比值,提升磁阻转矩分量。而针对于输出同样大小的电机转矩时,永磁转矩可以较小,由此可以减少永磁体20用量,从而降低成本。
实施例二
与上述实施例不同的是,如图3所示,本实施例中对于第一磁体槽和第二磁体槽的尺寸做出了进一步地的说明,具体地,第二磁体槽122的槽口宽度L2大于第一磁体槽121的槽口宽度L1。
在该实施例中,第二磁体槽122的槽口宽度大于第一磁体槽121的槽口宽度,也就是说,呈V型结构排布的两个第二磁体槽122的槽口宽度均大于呈一字型排布的第一磁体槽121的槽口宽度。当第一磁体槽121和第二磁体槽122的槽口宽度满足上述关系时,则更有利于每个磁极下的磁场强度,能够实现聚磁,在增大电机输出转矩的同时,能够进一步利于增大电机的交轴电感与直轴电感的比值,从而增加词组转矩分量,提升电机弱磁扩速能力。
进一步地,如图3所示,第二磁体槽122的槽口宽度L2大于等于15mm,小于等于21mm。
在该实施例中,对第二磁体槽122的槽口宽度L2的具体取值做了进一步的限定,当L2的取值满足上述范围时,则会更加利于每个磁极下的磁场强度分布,能够实现聚磁,在增大电机输出转矩的同时,能够进一步利于增大电机的交轴电感与直轴电感的比值,从而增加词组转矩分量,提升电机弱磁扩速能力。
进一步地,如图3所示,第二磁体槽122的槽口厚度W2大于等于第一磁体槽121的槽口宽度W1,小于等于第一磁体槽121的槽口宽度W1的1.5倍。
在该实施例中,第二磁体槽122的槽口厚度大于等于第一磁体槽121的槽口厚度,也就是说,呈V型结构排布的两个第二磁体槽122的槽口厚度均大于等于呈一字型排布的第一磁体槽121的槽口厚度。当第一磁体槽121和第二磁体槽122的槽口厚度满足上述关系时,则更有利于每个磁极下的磁场强度,能够实现聚磁,在增大电机输出转矩的同时,能够进一步利于增大电机的交轴电感与直轴电感的比值,从而增加词组转矩分量,提升电机弱磁扩速能力。
进一步地,如图3所示,第二磁体槽122的槽口厚度大于等于2mm,小于等于5mm。
在该实施例中,对第二磁体槽122的槽口厚度的具体取值做了进一步的限定,当W2的取值满足上述范围时,则会更加利于每个磁极下的磁场强度分布,能够实现聚磁,在增大电机输出转矩的同时,能够进一步利于增大电机的交轴电感与直轴电感的比值,从而增加词组转矩分量,提升电机弱磁扩速能力。
实施例三
与上述实施例不同的是,本实施例在考虑到转子冲片1的结构强度的问题上,对转子冲片的结构进一步改进,具体地,如图2和图3所示,转子冲片1还包括隔磁槽13,隔磁槽13设置在第一磁体槽121的端部与冲片本体10的外边沿之间。
在该实施例中,隔磁槽13设置在冲片本体10上,一方面隔磁槽13位于第一磁体槽121与冲片本体10的外边沿之间,则隔磁槽13可以将位于第一磁体槽121与冲片本体10之间的部分冲片本体10划分为两个隔磁桥101,两个隔磁桥101中一个靠近第一磁体槽121,两个隔磁桥101中另一个靠近冲片本体10的外边沿,双隔磁桥101结构能够提高转子冲片1的机械强度,能够优化转子3磁场分布情况,明显提升具有该转子冲片1的电机的电磁转矩,有效改善位于磁体槽120内的永磁体20的漏磁以及退磁现象,分散转子冲片1在高转速工况时磁体槽120周边的离心应力,由此解决电机在高转速下转子冲片1机械强度难以满足要求的问题,实现低漏磁与高强度电机的设计,此外,还能够使得永磁体20的利用率与电机功率密度都能得到明显提高,进一步改善电机的工作性能,同时一定程度上也能够削弱电机转矩脉动,降低电机的运行噪音,提高用户的使用舒适度。
值得说明的是,隔磁槽13的横截面呈封闭的三边形、四边形、多边形或三边形、四边形、多边形与圆弧组成的不规则几何图形。每一个安装部12包括两个隔磁槽13,两个隔磁槽13的形状相同,尺寸大小相同,结构较为规整,便于加工成型。
进一步地,如图1和图2所示,第一磁体槽121包括远离轴孔11的第一直槽壁121a,第一直槽壁121a所在平面为第一端面,隔磁槽13位于第一端面背离轴孔11的一侧。
在该实施例中,第一磁体槽121包括远离轴孔11的第一直槽壁121a,第 一直槽壁121a所在平面为第一端面。其中,值得说明的是,当第一磁体槽121内装配有第一永磁体20时,则第一直槽壁121a为位于第一永磁体20远离轴孔11的一侧的槽壁。其中,第一直槽壁121a与第一永磁体20之间具有间隙。当第一直槽壁121a与第一永磁体20之间具有间隙可以便于第一永磁体20的安装。本申请的一个实施例中通过令隔磁槽13位于第一端面背离轴孔11的一侧,从而可以保证隔磁槽13在有效改善冲片本体10漏磁的同时,不影响电机的dq轴磁路,保证电机足够的永磁转矩。
进一步地,隔磁槽13的数量为两个,两个隔磁槽13分别设置在第一磁体槽121的两端。冲片本体10还包括第一本体,第一本体位于两个隔磁槽13和第一磁体槽121之间,即第一本体位于第一磁体槽121背离轴孔11的一侧。第一隔磁端位于第二隔磁端与第一本体之间,也就是说,第一隔磁端靠近第一本体,第二隔磁端远离第一本体,其中,第一隔磁端的宽度小于第二隔磁端的宽度,即第一隔磁桥整体呈上窄下宽的形状,类似于梯形。磁通在通过第一隔磁桥的第一隔磁端时,通过在较窄的第一隔磁端达到饱和从而可以限制漏磁,而较宽的第二隔磁端则充分起到分散冲片应力,保证转子冲片1足够的机械强度的作用。进一步地,第二隔磁端的宽度大于第一隔磁端的宽度,且小于等于第一隔磁端宽度的4倍,具体地,第二隔磁端的宽度为t2,第一隔磁端的宽度为t1,其中,t2≥k×t1,k∈(1,4)。当第一隔磁端的宽度t1、第二隔磁端的宽度t2满足前述关系时,则利于合理分配第一隔磁桥的尺寸,从而可以改善转子冲片1的结构强度与漏磁现象。值得说明的是,k在1至4的范围内,譬如,k的取值可以为1.5、1.8、2.6、3.4、3.7。
进一步地,第一隔磁端的宽度大于等于冲片本体10的厚度。
在该设计中,第一隔磁端的宽度大于等于冲片本体的厚度,通过令第一隔磁桥的最小宽度大于转子冲片的厚度,从而可以防止呈梯形的第一隔磁桥的任一部位过薄而出现断裂,从而提高了转子冲片1的强度,提高转子冲片1的使用可靠性。
实施例四
与上述实施例不同的是,本实施例在考虑到转子冲片1的漏磁问题上,对转子冲片的结构进一步改进,如图1至图4所示,具体地,转子冲片1还包括气隙槽14,气隙槽14设置在冲片本体10上并位于两个第一槽端122a之间。
在该实施例中,两个第二磁体槽122的第一槽端122a之间还设有气隙槽14,当多个磁体槽120布置在冲片本体10上时,位于两个第二磁体槽122的第一槽端122a之间的部分冲片本体10构成隔磁桥101,而隔磁桥101的宽度较大,漏磁情况较为严重。本申请的一个实施例中将气隙槽14设置在两个第一槽端122a之间,从而可以减小位于两个第一槽端122a之间隔磁桥101的宽度,进而可以有效降低漏磁,提高具有该转子冲片1的电机的功率密度。
进一步地,如图4所示,气隙槽14沿冲片本体10的径向延伸,即气隙槽14沿轴孔11的径向延伸。通过增加气隙槽14的径向长度,可以减小两个磁体槽120之间隔磁桥101的宽度,有效降低漏磁。
此外,通过在两个第二磁体槽122的第一槽端122a设置气隙槽14,从而在两个第一槽端122a之间形成双磁桥结构,从而有利于减小两个第二磁体槽122内放置的永磁体20的端部漏磁现象,提升永磁体20的利用率,同时,该双磁桥结构设计可以共同承受应力,进一步加强转子冲片1的机械强度,避免电机在高速运行时,由于内部应力作用而导致转子冲片1损坏问题。提升转子冲片1的机械强度,从而使得电机的峰值转速能进一步增加,有利于提高电机的功率密度。
进一步地,如图3所示,位于气隙槽14与第一槽端122a之间的部分冲片本体10构成隔磁桥101,隔磁桥101的宽度W3大于等于0.5mm,小于等于2.7mm。
在该实施例中,位于气隙槽14与第一槽端122a之间的部分冲片本体10构成隔磁桥101,由于第一槽端122a具有两个,则气隙槽14与相邻的两个第一槽端122a可以形成两个隔磁桥101,隔磁桥101的宽度均满足上述关系。当然,两个隔磁桥101的宽度可以相同,也可以不相同,只要满足上述关系式即可。
进一步地,冲片本体10的半径为r,气隙槽14包括远离轴孔11的气隙壁141,气隙壁141与冲片本体10的外边沿之间的垂直距离的最小值为H1,其中,
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000012
在该实施例中,冲片本体10的半径为r,值得说明的是,这里的半径是指冲片本体10的外周沿所在圆的半径。气隙槽14包括远离轴孔11的气隙壁141,气隙壁141与冲片本体10的外边沿之间的垂直距离的最小值为H1,换而言之,靠近气隙壁141的部分冲片本体10的外边沿为第一边沿,那么H1则为气隙壁141与第一边沿之间的垂直距离。当H1的取值与夹角θ1、夹角θ2、第二磁体槽122的槽口宽度L2以及冲片本体10的半径r相配时,即满足上述关系式,则气隙槽14的设置位置可以进一步优化冲片本体10上的应力分布,在加强转子冲片1的机械强度,避免电机在高速运行时,由于内部应力作用而导致转子冲片1损坏问题,提升转子冲片1的机械强度,从而使得电机的峰值转速能进一步增加,有利于提高电机的功率密度。
实施例五
与上述实施例不同的是,本实施例的转子冲片1上的安装部12还包括辅助槽123,如图1和图3所示,辅助槽123冲片本体10的外边沿的一部分朝向轴孔11凹陷以构成辅助槽123。
在该实施例中,冲片本体10的外边沿的一部分朝向轴孔11凹陷以构成辅助槽123,辅助槽123能够有效地降低电机气隙磁场中的谐波含量,从而提高气隙磁密波形的正弦度,改善电机的转矩脉动,降低谐波带来的径向力,降低电机的运行噪音,改善电机的振动噪声,从而提高用户的使用舒适度。此外,本申请通过在转子冲片1上设置凹陷的辅助槽123,也能够对电机的空载反电势波形和径向力进行部分调整,降低电机最大空载线反电势。值得说明的是, 电机的转矩脉动很大程度上取决于气隙磁场的非正弦,气隙磁场中的谐波含量越高,电机的输出转矩波形越差,脉动越大,振动噪声越大。
进一步地,如图3所示,辅助槽123的数量为多个,多个辅助槽123间隔布置,多个辅助槽123沿中心面对称设置。
在该实施例中,每个安装部12上可以设置多个辅助槽123,譬如每个安装部12上可以设置4个辅助槽123,多个辅助槽123间隔布置在冲片本体10上。当电机的极对数为p时,则安装部12的数量为2p个,则在每个安装部12上均可以设置多个辅助槽123。每个安装部12上的多个辅助槽123沿中心面对称设置,辅助槽123的数量至少为两个,成对设置。
进一步地,如图3所示,辅助槽123为弧形槽。辅助槽123的槽深大于等于0.1mm,小于等于0.9mm。
在该实施例中,辅助槽123为弧形槽,具体地,辅助槽123的槽底为圆弧型。进一步地,辅助槽123的槽深满足上述关系式,从而可以令辅助槽123的体积较小,避免辅助槽123对冲片本体10外边沿的形状造成较大改变。
值得说明的是,如图3所示,多个辅助槽123包括两个内辅槽和两个外辅槽,两个内辅槽沿中心面对称设置,大小尺寸相同,两个内辅槽位于两个隔磁槽13限定的冲片本体10的外边沿之间。两个外辅槽沿中心面对称设置,大小尺寸相同,两个外辅槽位于两个第二磁体槽122和第一磁体槽121限定的冲片本体10的外边沿上。通过多个辅助槽123的设计,从而达到不均匀气隙的效果,优化气隙磁密波形,提高气隙的磁场薄型的正弦性。
实施例六
根据本申请的第二个方面,如图5所示,提供了一种转子铁芯2,包括上述任一实施例中所提供的转子冲片1。
本申请提供的转子铁芯2,包括上述任一实施例所提供的转子冲片1,因此具有该转子冲片1的全部有益效果,在此不再赘述。
根据本申请的第三个方面,提供了一种转子3,包括上述任一实施例中所提供的转子铁芯2。
本申请提供的转子3,包括上述任一实施例所提供的转子铁芯2,因此具有该转子铁芯2的全部有益效果,在此不再赘述。
进一步地,至少一个转子铁芯2中每一个转子铁芯2的多个转子冲片1的磁体槽120沿转子铁芯2的轴向贯通以形成插槽。转子3还包括多个永磁体20,多个永磁体20一一对应设置在多个插槽中。
在一种可能的实施例中,进一步地,转子铁芯2的数量为多个,多个转子铁芯2沿轴向堆叠。即多个转子铁芯2在垂直于转子冲片1本体的方向上依次叠压形成转子3。同一个转子铁芯2上所有转子冲片1的圆周向轮廓完全重叠,此种层叠组装设计能够降低转子铁芯2中的涡流损耗。由于构成每一个转子铁芯2的转子冲片1上均设有多个磁体槽120,在同一个转子铁芯2上,同一位置处的磁体槽120沿轴向重叠贯通。在转子3中,每一极下的多个磁体槽120能够形成一个安装部12,每一个安装部12中 磁体槽120内装配的永磁体20的极性相同。逆时针看,每一极的永磁体20极性交替均匀分布,将永磁体20安装到转子铁芯2中的磁体槽120内,就可以构成内部有永磁体20的转子铁芯2,这可以减小电机在运行过程中由于涡流效应导致的发热情况。
进一步地,如图6、图7和图8所示,多个转子铁芯2沿垂直于转子3的中心轴线的基准面对称排布,多个转子铁芯2中任意两个转子铁芯2之间的最大相对旋转角度α1,其中,
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000013
N为转子铁芯2的数量,Z为电机中定子槽的数量。通过采用该设计的相对旋转角度α1,同时令转子冲片1的θ1和θ2的角度满足前述关系式,则可在保证电机输出转矩的同时,最大程度地降低永磁体20的端部漏磁,提高永磁体20的利用率,削弱齿槽转矩,减小电机转矩脉动,同时改善气隙磁场分布,降低气隙磁场的畸变率,使得空载反电势波形分布更加正弦。除此之外,θ1和α1的取值是影响电机气隙磁场分布的关键因素,电机的转矩波形和空载反电势波形很大程度上取决于气隙磁场的分布。其中,气隙磁场中的5、7次谐波会带来6倍频的转矩脉动,这是造成转矩波动的主要原因。然而气隙磁场中的7、11、13、23、25次谐波也会导致电机的空载反电势波形畸变严重,带来最大空载线反电势峰值过高的问题,超过电机控制器许可范围,同时谐波过大还会带来电机振动噪声过大、损耗增加,效率降低及温升问题,从而直接降低电机的性能。然而本申请的一个设计中通过对θ1和α1做上述数值匹配,从而可在保证电机输出转矩的基础上,有效改善气隙磁场正弦度,减小谐波,改善振动噪音问题,降低最大空载线反电势峰值、削弱电机转矩脉动,提高电机效率,从而能够实现高性能的电机设计。
如图8和图9所示,转子3由5个转子铁芯2构成,且5个转子铁芯沿垂直于中心轴线R的基准面对称。
进一步地,多个转子铁芯2沿垂直于转子3的中心轴线的基准面不对称,多个转子铁芯2中任意两个转子铁芯2之间的最大相对旋转角度为α2,其中,
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000014
通过采用该设计的相对旋转角度α2,同时令转子冲片1的θ1和θ2的角度满足前述关系式,则可在保证电机输出转矩的同时,最大程度地降低永磁体20的端部漏磁,提高永磁体20的利用率,削弱齿槽转矩,减小电机转矩脉动,同时改善气隙磁场分布,降低气隙磁场的畸变率,使得空载反电势波形分布更加正弦。如图10和图11所示,转子3由6个转子铁芯2构成,且6个转子铁芯沿垂直于中心轴线R的基准面不对称。除此之外,θ1和α2的取值是影响电机气隙磁场分布的关键因素,电机的转矩波形和空载反电势波形很大程度上取决于气隙磁场的分布。其中,气隙磁场中的5、7次谐波会带来6倍频的转矩脉动,这是造成转矩波动的主要原因。然而气隙磁场中的7、11、13、23、25次谐波也会导致电机的空载反电势波形畸变严重,带来最大空载线反电 势峰值过高的问题,超过电机控制器许可范围,同时谐波过大还会带来电机振动噪声过大、损耗增加,效率降低及温升问题,从而直接降低电机的性能。然而本申请的一个设计中通过对θ1和α2做上述数值匹配,从而可在保证电机输出转矩的基础上,有效改善气隙磁场正弦度,减小谐波,改善振动噪音问题,降低最大空载线反电势峰值、削弱电机转矩脉动,提高电机效率,从而能够实现高性能的电机设计。
实施例七
根据本申请的第四个方面,提供了一种电机,包括上述任一实施例中所提供的转子3。
本申请提供的电机,包括上述任一实施例所提供的转子3,因此具有该转子3的全部有益效果,在此不再赘述。
进一步地,电机包括定子,定子构造形成装配腔,转子3设置在装配腔内。
在该实施例中,电机包括定子,定子具有装配腔,转子3设置在装配腔内,并且能够相对于定子转动。
具体地,以一台8极48槽的电机为例,即p=4,Z=48,N=4,采用如图6中的4个转子铁芯2对称式结构。当θ1满足
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000016
时,令β为
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000017
则β的取值范围为0.78°≤β≤0.9°。如图12和图13所示的关于电机的转矩脉动率和最大空载线反电势幅值随β和斜极角度(转子铁芯之间相对最大旋转角度α1)变化时的变化曲线,β的取值为0.78、0.8、0.82、0.84、0.86、0.88、0.9时,最大斜极角度α1的取值范围为0.45°≤α1≤4.95°,当α1在上述范围内变化时,对应任一β的取值,可以看出在当α1在1.875°≤α1≤4.5°的角度范围内时,电机的最大空载线反电势幅值和转矩脉动率均处于最优水平。
进一步地,转子铁芯相对最大斜极角度的取值范围为1.875°≤α1≤4.5°,在取值范围内合理选定θ1和最大旋转角度α1的组合。譬如,本实施例中给定β=0.87,转子铁芯之间相对最大旋转角度为3.875°,由下表1、图14和图15可知,与初始设计相比,在保证电机最大空载线反电势有效值不变的情况下,有效降低了最大空载线反电势幅值,改善波形畸变率,有效削弱了电机的转矩脉动,改善了电机性能。值得说明的是,图14和图15中所提及的电角度=电机极对数*机械角度。即电机每转过360°电角度,电机的反电势变化一个周期。
表1
/ 初始方案 优化后
最大空载线反电势有效值(V) 485.46 484.97
最大空载线反电势有幅值(V) 696.73 621.45
波形畸变率(%) 15.2% 2.3%
转矩脉动率(%) 17.6% 5.8%
实施例八
根据本申请的第五个方面,提供了一种车辆,包括上述任一实施例中所提供的电机。
本申请提供的车辆,包括上述任一实施例所提供的电机,因此具有该电机的全部有益效果,在此不再赘述。
值得说明的是,车辆可以为新能源汽车。新能源汽车包括纯电动汽车、增程式电动汽车、混合动力汽车、燃料电池电动汽车、氢发动机汽车等。
进一步地,上述任一实施例所提供的电机可以作为车辆的驱动电机。具体地,驱动电机能够单独实现车辆的功能装置启动。或者,驱动电机可以与车辆上的其他驱动装置共同配合以实现车辆上的功能装置正常运行。其中,车辆的功能装置可以为以下任一或任意组合:车轮、空调器、灯光组件等。
进一步地,车辆包括车体,电机安装在车体内。
实施例九
根据本申请的第六个方面,提供了一种转子冲片1,如图16、图17、图18、图19和图21所示,包括冲片本体10、轴孔11、多个安装部12和隔磁槽13。其中,轴孔11设置在冲片本体10上。多个安装部12围绕轴孔11设置在冲片本体10上,多个安装部12中每一个安装部12包括多个磁体槽120。其中,多个磁体槽120包括第一磁体槽121,第一磁体槽121远离轴孔11布置在冲片本体10上,第一磁体槽121包括远离轴孔11的第一直槽壁121a,第一直槽壁121a所在平面为第一端面。隔磁槽13设置在冲片本体10上并位于第一磁体槽121与冲片本体10的外边沿之间,隔磁槽13位于第一端面背离轴孔11的一侧。
本申请提供的转子冲片1包括冲片本体10、轴孔11、多个安装部12和隔磁槽13。轴孔11开设在冲片本体10上,冲片本体10为磁钢本体。轴孔11用于装配转子的转轴。多个安装部12围绕轴孔11设置在冲片本体10上。值得说明的是,多个安装部12中每一个安装部12的结构可以相同,也可以部分相同,根据实际需要对其进行调整即可。每个安装部12包括多个磁体槽120,磁体槽120用于装配转子的永磁体20。多个磁体槽120包括第一磁体槽121,第一磁体槽121相对于其他的磁体槽120远离轴孔11布置在冲片本体10上,第一磁体槽121包括远离轴孔11的第一直槽壁121a,第一直槽壁121a所在平面为第一端面。其中,值得说明的是,当第一磁体槽121内装配有第一永磁体20a时,则第一直槽壁121a为位于第一永磁体20a远离轴孔11的一侧的槽壁。其中第一直槽壁121a与第一永磁体20a之间具有间隙。当第一直槽壁121a与第一永磁体20a之间具有间隙可以便于第一永磁体20a的安装。冲片本体10还包括隔磁槽13,隔磁槽13设置在冲片本体10上,一方面隔磁槽13位于第一磁体槽121与冲片本体10的外边沿之间,则隔磁槽13可以将位于第一磁体槽121与冲片本体10之间的部分冲片本体10划分为两个隔磁桥,两个隔磁桥中一个靠近第 一磁体槽121,两个隔磁桥中另一个靠近冲片本体10的外边沿,双隔磁桥结构能够提高转子冲片1的机械强度,能够优化转子磁场分布情况,明显提升具有该转子冲片1的电机的电磁转矩,有效改善位于磁体槽120内的永磁体20的漏磁以及退磁现象,分散转子冲片1在高转速工况时磁体槽120周边的离心应力,由此解决电机在高转速下转子冲片1机械强度难以满足要求的问题,实现低漏磁与高强度电机的设计,此外,还能够使得永磁体20的利用率与电机功率密度都能得到明显提高,进一步改善电机的工作性能,同时一定程度上也能够削弱电机转矩脉动,降低电机的运行噪音,提高用户的使用舒适度;另一方面隔磁槽13位于第一端面背离轴孔11的一侧,从而可以保证隔磁槽13在有效改善冲片本体10漏磁的同时,不影响电机的dq轴磁路,保证电机足够的磁阻转矩。
经过大量实验数据表明,如图22所示,在转子冲片1的其他结构均相同的试验条件下,转子冲片1的第一种结构:冲片本体10上并未设置隔磁槽13,转子冲片1的第二种结构:冲片本体10上设置隔磁槽13。通过对比可知,当转子冲片1上设有隔磁槽13时,电机的电磁转矩增大,电机转矩脉动也有一定程度的降低。
具体地,如图19所示,关于隔磁槽13位于第一端面背离轴孔11的一侧,也可以解释为,隔磁槽13内任一点与第一端面之间的最小垂直间距Lmin大于0。从而在保证改善漏磁现象的同时,能够不影响电机的dq轴磁路,保证电机足够的磁阻转矩。
其中,如图17、图18、图19和图21所示,隔磁槽13的横截面呈封闭的三边形、四边形、多边形或三边形、四边形、多边形与圆弧组成的不规则几何图形。每一个安装部12包括两个隔磁槽13,两个隔磁槽13的形状相同,尺寸大小相同,结构较为规整,便于加工成型。
进一步地,隔磁槽13位于第一磁体槽121的端部与冲片本体10的外边沿之间。
在该实施例中,如图16、图20和图21所示,隔磁槽13位于第一磁体槽121的端部与冲片本体10的外边沿之间,一方面通过在第一磁体槽121与冲片本体10的外边沿之间设置隔磁槽13以形成双磁桥结构,从而可以有效改善转子在高速时的结构应力,减小转子的形变量,避免转子冲片1在高转速运行状态下受到离心力的作用而变形或断裂,增强转子冲片1整体的结构强度;另一方面,通过将隔磁槽13设置在第一磁体槽121的端部与冲片本体10的外边沿之间,即将隔磁槽设置在漏磁较大的第一磁体槽121的端部,从而可以减小设置在第一磁体槽121中永磁体20的端部漏磁,进而提高永磁体20的利用率。
进一步地,如图17和图18所示,冲片本体10包括第一隔磁桥1010,第一隔磁桥1010位于隔磁槽13与第一磁体槽121之间,第一隔磁桥1010具有相背离的第一隔磁端101a和第二隔磁端101b,第一隔磁端101a的宽度与第二隔磁端101b的宽度不同。
在该实施例中,位于隔磁槽13与第一磁体槽121之间的部分冲片本体10 为第一隔磁桥1010,第一隔磁桥1010具有相背离的第一隔磁端101a和第二隔磁端101b,且第一隔磁端101a的宽度与第二隔磁端101b的宽度不同,即第一隔磁桥1010上每一处的宽度并不是全部相等,第一隔磁桥1010的一个端部能够达到饱和而限制漏磁,第一隔磁桥1010的另一个端部能够起到分散冲片应力的作用,保证转子冲片1足够的机械强度。
进一步地,如图16、图17、图20和图21所示,隔磁槽13的数量为两个,两个隔磁槽13分别设置在第一磁体槽121的两端,位于两个隔磁槽13与第一磁体槽121之间的部分冲片本体10为第一本体103,第一隔磁端101a位于第二隔磁端101b与第一本体103之间,第二隔磁端101b的宽度大于第一隔磁端101a宽度并小于等于第一隔磁端101a宽度的4倍。
在该实施例中,隔磁槽13的数量为两个,两个隔磁槽13分别设置在第一磁体槽121的两端。冲片本体10还包括第一本体103,第一本体103位于两个隔磁槽13和第一磁体槽121之间,即第一本体103位于第一磁体槽121背离轴孔11的一侧。第一隔磁端101a位于第二隔磁端101b与第一本体103之间,也就是说,第一隔磁端101a靠近第一本体103,第二隔磁端101b远离第一本体103,其中,第一隔磁端101a的宽度小于第二隔磁端101b的宽度,即第一隔磁桥1010整体呈上窄下宽的形状,类似于梯形。磁通在通过第一隔磁桥1010的第一隔磁端101a时,通过在较窄的第一隔磁端101a达到饱和从而可以限制漏磁,而较宽的第二隔磁端101b则充分起到分散冲片盈利,保护增转子冲片1足够的机械强度的作用。进一步地,第二隔磁端101b的宽度大于第一隔磁端101a的宽度,且小于等于第一隔磁端101a宽度的4倍,具体地,第二隔磁端101b的宽度为t2,第一隔磁端101a的宽度为t1,其中,t2≥k×t1,k∈(1,4)。当第一隔磁端101a的宽度t1、第二隔磁端101b的宽度t2满足前述关系时,则利于合理分配第一隔磁桥1010的尺寸,从而可以改善转子冲片1的结构强度与漏磁现象。值得说明的是,k在1至4的范围内,譬如,k的取值可以为1.5、1.8、2.6、3.4、3.7。
进一步地,第一隔磁端101a的宽度大于等于冲片本体10的厚度。
在该实施例中,第一隔磁端101a的宽度t1大于等于冲片本体10的厚度,通过令第一隔磁桥1010的最小宽度大于转子冲片1的厚度,从而可以防止呈梯形的第一隔磁桥1010的任一部位过薄而出现断裂,从而提高了转子冲片1的强度,提高转子冲片1的使用可靠性。
进一步地,如图18所示,第一磁体槽121包括中间段121b和延伸段121c,中间段121b用于容纳转子的永磁体20。延伸段121c设置在中间段121b的端部并与中间段121b相连通。
在该实施例中,第一磁体槽121包括中间段121b和延伸段121c,中间段121b用于容纳转子的永磁体20,中间段121b包括第一直槽壁121a。延伸段121c设置在中间段121b的两端,延伸段121c与中间段121b相连通,永磁体20并未设置在延伸段121c内。即当永磁体20插入第一磁体槽121内时,永磁体20仅能填充于第一磁体槽121中的中间段121b,空气充满第一磁体槽121 的延伸段121c内,此时,延伸段121c能够抑制永磁体20的端部漏磁现象。
进一步地,如图17所示,两个隔磁槽13之间的最小距离为d1;中间段121b的宽度为x1;延伸段121c的数量为两个,两个延伸段121c分别连接在中间段121b的两端,两个延伸段121c之间的最大距离为x2,其中:
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000019
在该实施例中,两个隔磁槽13之间的最小距离为d1,两个隔磁槽13是指位于第一磁体槽121两端的两个隔磁槽13。中间段121b的宽度为x1,中间段121b内设置永磁体20,中间段121b的宽度与永磁体20的宽度相等,则中间段121b的宽度也等同于永磁体20的宽度。延伸段121c的数量为两个,两个延伸段121c分别连接在中间段121b的两端,两个延伸段121c之间的最大距离为x2,其中,当两个隔磁槽13之间的最小距离d1、中间段121b(永磁体20)的宽度为x1和两个延伸段121c之间的最大距离x2满足上述关系时,则可以使得隔磁槽13在不影响转子冲片1的主磁路的情况下,令磁场的分布更加均匀,电磁转矩波形更加规律,从而可以利于降低电机转矩脉动,同时也可以防止隔磁槽13过大而导致磁路等效磁阻过大而降低电机的电磁转矩。
进一步地,如图16、图17、图23和图24所示,两个隔磁槽13的中心与轴孔11的中心连线形成的夹角为θ,冲片本体10的外周半径为r0,第一本体103的径向宽度的最大值为h1,其中:
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000020
在该实施例中,隔磁槽13的横截面呈几何图形和/或非几何图形,当隔磁槽13的横截面呈几何图形时,则隔磁槽13的中心即为几何图形的中心。当隔磁槽13的横截面呈非几何图形时,则隔磁槽13的中心为周向相距最远两点连线和径向相距最远两点连线的交点作为中心。两个隔磁槽13包括第一隔磁槽和第二隔磁槽,第一隔磁槽的中心为第一中心,第二隔磁槽的中心为第二中心,轴孔11的中心为轴心,第一中心、第二中心和轴心构成的夹角为θ。θ的值可以表征任一安装部12内任一个设置在端部的隔磁槽13的相对大小与位置。具体表现为:θ越大,隔磁槽13相对越大,对电机端部漏磁的改善效果越好;θ越小,则隔磁槽13相对越小,对电机漏磁的改善效果越差。当夹角θ、中间段121b的宽度x1、两个延伸段121c之间的最大距离x2、冲片本体10的外周半径为r0,第一本体103的径向宽度的最大值h1满足上述关系时,则可以使得隔磁槽13的位置与大小相对更优,从而在保证转子冲片1机械强度优异的情况下,可以有效调整磁场分布,改善永磁体20漏磁与退磁,降低电机转矩脉动。同时,也可以防止隔磁槽13过大而导致磁路等效磁阻过大,避免电机的电磁转矩降低。
具体地,令
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000021
则x在1至1.3的范围内,进一步地,x可以为1.05、1.1、1.15、1.2、1.25等。如图23和图24所示,当转子冲片1上的其他结构确定时,譬如,第一磁体槽121的中间段121b的宽度x1、两个延伸段121c之间的最大距离x2、冲片本体10的外周半径为r0均为定值时,则通过改变两个隔磁槽13的位置,从而调整θ角度,使得x在1至1.3的范围内,则可以避免电机的转矩降低,同时降低电机转矩脉动。如图23所示,当x在1至1.3范围内时,则电机的转矩较大,且稳定在320Nm以上。如图24所示,此时电机的转矩脉动较低,低于9%。
进一步地,如图17和图18所示,第一隔磁桥1010具有靠近隔磁槽13的磁桥边101c,磁桥边101c的长度为L0,其中:
Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-000022
在该实施例中,第一磁桥具有靠近隔磁槽13的磁桥边101c,磁桥边101c的长度L0满足上述关系式,从而可以使得隔磁槽13在不影响转子冲片1的主磁路的情况下,令磁场的分布更加均匀,电磁转矩波形更加规律,从而可以利于降低电机转矩脉动,同时也可以防止隔磁槽13过大而导致磁路等效磁阻过大而降低电机的电磁转矩。第一磁桥还具有靠近第一磁体槽121的隔磁边,磁桥边101c与隔磁边的长度可以相等,也可以不想等,根据实际情况进行调整即可。
进一步地,如图17和图18所示,冲片本体10还包括第二隔磁桥1020,第二隔磁桥1020位于隔磁槽13和冲片本体10的外边沿之间。第二隔磁桥1020的宽度h大于或等于冲片本体10的厚度。
在该实施例中,第二隔磁桥1020位于隔磁槽13和冲片本体10的外边沿之间。具体地,第二隔磁桥1020为弧形隔磁桥。第二隔磁桥1020的最小宽度大于等于转子冲片1的厚度,从而可以防止转子冲片1的外周缘部位局部过薄而容易断裂,从而可以提高转子冲片1的强度,提高转子的使用可靠性。值得说明的是,当第二隔磁桥1020为等宽隔磁桥时,则第二隔磁桥1020的宽度即为第二隔磁桥1020的平均宽度。当第二隔磁桥1020为不等宽隔磁桥时,则第二隔磁桥1020的宽度是指最小宽度。
进一步地,如图18所示,第二隔磁桥1020的宽度h小于第一隔磁端101a的宽度t1。
在该实施例中,第二隔磁桥1020的宽度h小于第一隔磁端101a的宽度t1,由于采用隔磁槽13所获得的双磁桥结构,第一隔磁桥1010上任意磁桥段的结构应力大于第二隔磁桥1020。其中第一隔磁桥1010的第一隔磁端101a小于第二隔磁端101b,第一隔磁端101a的宽度t1满足结构强度要求,则第二隔磁桥1020的结构强度必然能够满足结构强度要求。在令第二隔磁桥1020的宽度h小于第一隔磁端101a的宽度t1,从而可以使得第二隔磁桥1020较窄,从而能够进一步抑制端部漏磁,提高永磁体20的利用率。
实施例十
与前述实施例不同的是,本实施例中对于安装部12中的其他磁体槽120进行说明,进一步地,如图16和图20所示,多个磁体槽120还包括两个第二磁体槽122,两个第二磁体槽122设置在冲片本体10上,两个第二磁体槽122中每一个第二磁体槽122分别具有靠近轴孔11的内端和远离轴孔11的外端,两个内端彼此靠近,两个外端彼此远离,第一磁体槽121设置在两个外端之间。
在该实施例中,多个磁体槽120包括两个第二磁体槽122,两个第二磁体槽122设置在冲片本体10上,每一个第二磁体槽122具有靠近轴孔11的内端,远离轴孔11的外端,两个内端彼此靠近,两个外端彼此远离,即两个第二磁体槽122呈V型布置在冲片本体10上。进一步地,第一磁体槽121的至少一部分位于两个外端之间,三个磁体槽120呈类三角形布置在冲片本体10上。值得说明的是,一个安装部12包括三个磁体槽120。
进一步地,转子冲片1还包括气隙槽,开设正在冲片本体10上,气隙槽并位于两个近端之间。气隙槽内可以设置隔磁体,进一步提升结构强度,降低漏磁和退磁现象。隔磁体可以为不导磁材料制得。譬如:注塑材料、金属材料等。
实施例十一
根据本申请的第七个方面,提供了一种转子铁芯,包括上述任一实施例所提供的转子冲片1。
本申请提供的转子铁芯,包括上述任一实施例所提供的转子冲片1,因此具有该转子冲片1的全部有益效果,在此不再赘述。
实施例十二
根据本申请的第八个方面,提供了一种转子,包括上述任一实施例中的转子铁芯。
本申请提供的转子,包括上述任一实施例所提供的转子铁芯,因此具有该转子铁芯的全部有益效果,在此不再赘述。
进一步地,转子铁芯的多个转子冲片1的磁体槽120沿转子铁芯的轴向贯通以形成插槽。转子还包括多个永磁体20,多个永磁体20一一对应设置在多个插槽中。
进一步地,多个插槽包括第一插槽,多个转子冲片1的第一磁体槽121形成第一插槽,第一磁体槽121的中间段121b构成插槽的中间槽。多个永磁体20包括第一永磁体20a,第一永磁体20a插设在中间槽内,第一永磁体20a的宽度与中间槽的宽度相等。
在该实施例中,多个转子冲片1的第一磁体槽121堆叠后形成第一插槽,第一插槽的中间段121b构成中间槽。第一永磁体20a插设在中间槽内,第一永磁体20a的宽度与中间槽的宽度相等。第一永磁体20a与中间槽的第一直槽壁121a之间具有间隙,从而便于装配。
实施例十三
根据本申请的第九个方面,提供了一种电机,包括上述任一实施例所 提供的转子。
本申请提供的电机,包括上述任一实施例所提供的转子,因此具有该转子的全部有益效果,在此不再赘述。
进一步地,电机还包括定子,定子构造形成装配腔,转子设置在装配腔内,转子能够相对于定子转动。
实施例十四
根据本申请的第十个方面,提供了一种车辆,包括上述任一实施例所提供的电机。
本申请的一个实施例中所提供的车辆,包括上述任一实施例所提供的电机,因此具有该电机的全部有益效果,在此不再赘述。
值得说明的是,车辆可以为新能源汽车。新能源汽车包括纯电动汽车、增程式电动汽车、混合动力汽车、燃料电池电动汽车、氢发动机汽车等。
进一步地,上述实施例所提供的电机可以作为车辆的驱动电机。具体地,驱动电机能够单独实现车辆的功能装置启动。或者,驱动电机可以与车辆上的其他驱动装置共同配合以实现车辆上的功能装置正常运行。其中,车辆的功能装置可以为以下任一或任意组合:车轮、空调器、灯光组件等。
进一步地,车辆包括车体,电机安装在车体内。
在本申请中,术语“多个”则指两个或两个以上,除非另有明确的限定。术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语均应做广义理解,例如,“连接”可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;“相连”可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本说明书的描述中,术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“具体实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或实例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本申请,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (37)

  1. 一种转子冲片,其中,包括:
    冲片本体;
    轴孔,设置在所述冲片本体上;
    多个安装部,围绕所述轴孔设置在所述冲片本体上,所述多个安装部中每一个安装部包括多个磁体槽,
    所述多个磁体槽包括:
    第一磁体槽,远离所述轴孔设置;
    两个第二磁体槽,所述两个第二磁体槽中每一个第二磁体槽包括靠近所述轴孔的第一槽端和远离所述轴孔的第二槽端,两个所述第一槽端之间的距离小于两个所述第二槽端之间的距离,所述第一磁体槽的至少部分位于两个所述第二槽端之间;
    其中,所述轴孔的中心与所述第一磁体槽的中心之间的连线沿所述冲片本体轴向延伸以构成中心面,所述第二磁体槽包括远离所述中心面的第一顶点,所述第一顶点与所述轴孔的中心连线为第一连线,所述第一连线与所述中心面形成夹角。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的转子冲片,其中,
    所述第一连线与所述中心面形成的夹角为θ1,其中,
    Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-100001
    p为所述安装部的数量的一半。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的转子冲片,其中,所述第二磁体槽包括:
    第二直槽壁,所述第二直槽壁连接在所述第一槽端与所述第二槽端之间,所述第二直槽壁所在平面与所述中心面之间的夹角为θ2,其中,
    Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-100002
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的转子冲片,其中,
    所述第二磁体槽的槽口宽度L2大于所述第一磁体槽的槽口宽度L1。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的转子冲片,其中,
    所述第二磁体槽的槽口宽度L2大于等于15mm,小于等于21mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的转子冲片,其中,
    所述第二磁体槽的槽口厚度W2大于等于所述第一磁体槽的槽口宽度W1,小于等于所述第一磁体槽的槽口宽度W1的1.5倍。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的转子冲片,其中,
    所述第二磁体槽的槽口厚度大于等于2mm,小于等于5mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的转子冲片,其中,所述转子冲片还包括:
    隔磁槽,设置在所述第一磁体槽的端部与所述冲片本体的外边沿之间。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的转子冲片,其中,
    所述第一磁体槽包括远离所述轴孔的第一直槽壁,所述第一直槽壁所在平面为第一端面,所述隔磁槽位于所述第一端面背离所述轴孔的一侧。
  10. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的转子冲片,其中,所述转子冲片还包括:
    气隙槽,设置在所述冲片本体上并位于两个所述第一槽端之间。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的转子冲片,其中,
    位于所述气隙槽与所述第一槽端之间的部分所述冲片本体构成隔磁桥,所述隔磁桥的宽度大于等于0.5mm,小于等于2.7mm。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的转子冲片,其中,
    所述冲片本体的半径为r,
    所述气隙槽包括远离所述轴孔的气隙壁,所述气隙壁与所述冲片本体的外边沿之间的垂直距离的最小值为H1,其中,
    Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-100003
  13. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的转子冲片,其中,所述安装部还包括:
    辅助槽,所述冲片本体的外边沿的一部分朝向所述轴孔凹陷以构成所述辅助槽。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的转子冲片,其中,
    所述辅助槽的数量为多个,多个所述辅助槽间隔布置,多个所述辅助槽沿所述中心面对称设置。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的转子冲片,其中,
    所述辅助槽的槽深大于等于0.1mm,小于等于0.9mm。
  16. 一种转子铁芯,其中,包括:如权利要求1至15中任一项所述的转子冲片。
  17. 一种转子,用于电机,其中,包括:至少一个如权利要求16所述的转子铁芯;
    所述至少一个转子铁芯中每一个转子铁芯的多个转子冲片的磁体槽沿所述转子铁芯的轴向贯通以形成插槽;
    多个永磁体,多个永磁体一一对应设置在所述多个插槽中。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的转子,其中,
    所述转子铁芯的数量为多个,多个所述转子铁芯沿轴向堆叠;
    多个所述转子铁芯沿垂直于所述转子的中心轴线的基准面对称,多个所述转子铁芯中任意两个转子铁芯之间具有相对旋转角度,多个所述转子铁芯包括多个所述相对旋转角度,多个所述相对旋转角度中的最大值为α1,其中,
    Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-100004
    N为所述转子铁芯的数量,Z为所述电机中定子槽的数量。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的转子,其中,
    所述转子铁芯的数量为多个,多个所述转子铁芯沿轴向堆叠,多个所述转子铁芯沿垂直于所述转子的中心轴线的基准面不对称,多个所述转子铁芯中任意两个转子铁芯之间具有相对旋转角度,多个所述转子铁芯包括多个所述相对旋转角度,多个所述旋转角度中的最大值为α2,其中,
    Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-100005
    N为所述转子铁芯的数量,Z为所述电机中定子槽的数量。
  20. 一种电机,其中,包括:
    定子,所述定子构造形成装配腔;以及
    如权利要求17至19中任一项所述的转子,所述转子设置在所述装配腔内。
  21. 一种车辆,其中,包括:
    车体;及
    如权利要求20所述的电机,所述电机安装在所述车体中。
  22. 一种转子冲片,其中,包括:
    冲片本体;
    轴孔,设置在所述冲片本体上;
    多个安装部,围绕所述轴孔设置在所述冲片本体上,所述多个安装部中每一个安装部包括多个磁体槽,其中,
    所述多个磁体槽包括第一磁体槽,所述第一磁体槽远离所述轴孔布置在所述冲片本体上,所述第一磁体槽包括远离所述轴孔的第一直槽壁,所述第一直槽壁所在平面为第一端面;
    隔磁槽,设置在所述冲片本体上并位于所述第一磁体槽与所述冲片本体的外边沿之间,所述隔磁槽位于所述第一端面背离所述轴孔的一侧。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的转子冲片,其中,
    所述隔磁槽位于所述第一磁体槽的端部与所述冲片本体的外边沿之间。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的转子冲片,其中,所述冲片本体包括:
    第一隔磁桥,所述第一隔磁桥位于所述隔磁槽与所述第一磁体槽之间,所述第一隔磁桥具有相背离的第一隔磁端和第二隔磁端,所述第一隔磁端的宽度与所述第二隔磁端的宽度不同。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的转子冲片,其中,
    所述隔磁槽的数量为两个,两个所述隔磁槽分别设置在所述第一磁体槽的两端,位于两个所述隔磁槽与所述第一磁体槽之间的部分冲片本体为第一本体,所述第一隔磁端位于所述第二隔磁端与所述第一本体之间,其中,
    所述第二隔磁端的宽度大于所述第一隔磁端宽度并小于等于所述第一隔磁端宽度的4倍。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的转子冲片,其中,
    所述第一隔磁端的宽度大于等于所述冲片本体的厚度。
  27. 根据权利要求25或26所述的转子冲片,其中,所述第一磁体槽包括:
    中间段,所述中间段用于容纳永磁体;
    延伸段,设置在所述中间段的端部并与所述中间段相连通。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的转子冲片,其中,
    两个所述隔磁槽之间的最小距离为d1;
    所述中间段的宽度为x1;
    所述延伸段的数量为两个,两个所述延伸段分别连接在所述中间段的两端,两个所述延伸段之间的最大距离为x2,其中:
    Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-100006
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的转子冲片,其中,
    两个所述隔磁槽的中心与所述轴孔的中心连线形成的夹角为θ,所述冲片本体的外周半径为r0,所述第一本体的径向宽度的最大值为h1,其中:
    Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-100007
  30. 根据权利要求28所述的转子冲片,其中,
    所述第一隔磁桥具有靠近所述隔磁槽的磁桥边,所述磁桥边的长度为L0,其中:
    Figure PCTCN2021108219-appb-100008
  31. 根据权利要求25或26所述的转子冲片,其中,所述冲片本体还包括:
    第二隔磁桥,所述第二隔磁桥位于所述隔磁槽和所述冲片本体的外边沿之间;
    所述第二隔磁桥的宽度h大于或等于所述冲片本体的厚度;
    所述第二隔磁桥的宽度h小于所述第一隔磁端的宽度t1。
  32. 根据权利要求22至26中任一项所述的转子冲片,其中,所述多个磁体槽还包括:
    两个第二磁体槽,设置在所述冲片本体上,所述两个第二磁体槽中每一个第二磁体槽分别具有靠近所述轴孔的内端和远离所述轴孔的外端,两个所述内端彼此靠近,两个所述外端彼此远离,所述第一磁体槽设置在所述两个外端之间。
  33. 一种转子铁芯,其中,包括:
    如权利要求22至32中任一项所述的转子冲片。
  34. 一种转子,用于电机,其中,包括:
    如权利要求33所述的转子铁芯,
    所述转子铁芯的多个转子冲片的磁体槽沿所述转子铁芯的轴向贯通以形成插槽;
    多个永磁体,所述多个永磁体一一对应设置在所述多个插槽中。
  35. 根据权利要求34所述的转子,其中,
    所述多个插槽包括:
    第一插槽,多个所述转子冲片的第一磁体槽形成第一插槽,所述第一 磁体槽的中间段构成所述插槽的中间槽;
    所述多个永磁体包括:
    第一永磁体,所述第一永磁体插设在所述中间槽内,所述第一永磁体的宽度与所述中间槽的宽度相等。
  36. 一种电机,其中,包括:
    定子,所述定子构造形成装配腔;以及
    如权利要求34或35所述的转子,所述转子设置在所述装配腔内。
  37. 一种车辆,其中,包括:
    车体;及
    如权利要求36所述的电机,所述电机安装在所述车体内。
PCT/CN2021/108219 2020-07-31 2021-07-23 转子冲片、转子铁芯、转子、电机和车辆 WO2022022426A1 (zh)

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