WO2022017285A1 - 报文转发方法、装置及系统 - Google Patents

报文转发方法、装置及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022017285A1
WO2022017285A1 PCT/CN2021/106798 CN2021106798W WO2022017285A1 WO 2022017285 A1 WO2022017285 A1 WO 2022017285A1 CN 2021106798 W CN2021106798 W CN 2021106798W WO 2022017285 A1 WO2022017285 A1 WO 2022017285A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
path
network element
user plane
identifier
terminal
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PCT/CN2021/106798
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐飞龙
周汉
李汉成
陈龙
刘嘉成
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华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP21845251.4A priority Critical patent/EP4185009A4/en
Publication of WO2022017285A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022017285A1/zh
Priority to US18/157,580 priority patent/US20230156833A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/11—Allocation or use of connection identifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/12—Setup of transport tunnels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/08—Reselecting an access point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/12—Reselecting a serving backbone network switching or routing node

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a message forwarding method, device and system.
  • the session management network element can establish a protocol data unit (PDU) session for the terminal, so that the terminal can transfer data through the access according to the PDU session.
  • the network element sends it to the user plane network element. Since the terminal can move continuously during the communication process, when the terminal switches from the original access network element to the target access network element, the session management network element can modify the PDU session corresponding to the terminal, so that the terminal can modify the PDU session corresponding to the terminal according to the modified
  • the PDU session sends data to the user plane network element through the target access network network element.
  • the target access network element may send a path switching request including the terminal identifier to the session management network element through the mobility management network element.
  • the session management network element determines the PDU session corresponding to the terminal according to the terminal identifier, and determines whether the user plane network element corresponding to the PDU session can continue to serve the terminal. If not, the session management network element can determine the intermediate user plane network element for the terminal.
  • the above session management network element modifies the PDU session, it needs to exchange tunnel information between the target access network element corresponding to the switched path and each user plane network element multiple times to establish a session tunnel, and the signaling overhead is relatively high. large, the switching delay is longer.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a message forwarding method, device and system, which can improve the technology that the existing session management network element modifies the PDU session, the signaling overhead is relatively large, and the switching delay is relatively long. problem.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a packet forwarding method, the method includes: a session management network element sends a path identifier to a first device; wherein the first device includes an access network network element corresponding to a PDU session and a PDU The user plane network element corresponding to the session; the PDU session corresponds to the first terminal; the path identifier is used to indicate the first path from the access network element to the user plane network element; the first path includes part or all of the second path, and the second path The path is the path corresponding to the PDU session established in advance by the session management network element for the second terminal; the session management network element sends the identification information of the destination address corresponding to the path identification to the first device; The destination address, the path identifier corresponding to the destination address is carried in the data, and forwarding is performed through the path corresponding to the destination address.
  • the session management network element can send the path identifier to the access network element or the user plane network element without re-establishing the connection with the first path.
  • the second path is the same part of the path, thereby reducing signaling overhead and shortening handover delay.
  • the session management network element may also send the correspondence between the path identifier and the destination address to the first device, so that after receiving the data, the first device determines the path for forwarding the data according to the destination address of the data, and sends the data to the first device.
  • the path identifier corresponding to the path is carried in the data and sent to the next-hop network element.
  • the first path is the first GTP-U path; the second path is the second GTP-U path.
  • the session management network element can enable the first device to carry the path identifier in the GTP-U header of the data and send it to the next-hop network element during data transmission.
  • the first path includes an intermediate user plane network element.
  • the path identifier includes a first path identifier and a second path identifier; wherein the first path identifier is used to indicate the path from the access network element to the intermediate user plane network element; the second path identifier is used to indicate Paths from intermediate user plane NEs to user plane NEs.
  • the session management network element can send the path identifier to the intermediate user plane network element, so that the intermediate user plane network element can forward data according to the path identifier.
  • the intermediate user plane network element can directly establish the path ID according to the path identifier. The path identifies the corresponding forwarding entry, reduces the forwarding entries on the intermediate user plane network element, and reduces the overhead of the intermediate user plane network element.
  • the session management network element sends path information corresponding to the path identifier to the first device; wherein the path information includes the identifier information of the access network element corresponding to the first path and the identifier information of the user plane network element .
  • the session management network element can enable the first device to determine the access network element and user plane network element corresponding to the first path according to the path information, which is convenient for the first device to perform During data forwarding, the next hop network element is determined according to the path information.
  • the path information includes tunnel information of the user plane network element and/or tunnel information of the access network element.
  • the path information includes the tunnel information of the user plane network element and/or the tunnel information of the access network element
  • the user plane network element and the access network element can be made to establish a communication connection according to each other's tunnel information , which is convenient for subsequent data transmission.
  • a communication device in a second aspect, can implement the function performed by the session management network element in the first aspect or a possible design of the first aspect, and the function can be implemented by executing corresponding software through hardware.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions. For example, the sending module.
  • a sending module configured to send a path identifier to the first device; wherein the first device includes an access network network element corresponding to the PDU session and a user plane network element corresponding to the PDU session; the PDU session corresponds to the first terminal; the path identifier is used to indicate The first path from the access network element to the user plane network element; the first path includes part or all of the second path, and the second path is the path corresponding to the PDU session pre-established by the session management network element for the second terminal.
  • the sending network element is also used to send the identification information of the destination address corresponding to the path identifier to the first device; so that the first device can carry the path identifier corresponding to the destination address in the data according to the destination address of the received data, and pass The path corresponding to the destination address is forwarded.
  • the session management network element can send the path identifier to the access network element or the user plane network element without re-establishing the same path as the second path in the first path. part of the path, thereby reducing signaling overhead and shortening handover delay.
  • the session management network element may also send the correspondence between the path identifier and the destination address to the first device, so that after receiving the data, the first device determines the path for forwarding the data according to the destination address of the data, and sends the data to the first device.
  • the path identifier corresponding to the path is carried in the data and sent to the next-hop network element.
  • the first path is the first GTP-U path; the second path is the second GTP-U path.
  • the session management network element can enable the first device to carry the path identifier in the GTP-U header of the data and send it to the next-hop network element during data transmission.
  • the first path includes an intermediate user plane network element.
  • the path identifier includes a first path identifier and a second path identifier; wherein the first path identifier is used to indicate the path from the access network element to the intermediate user plane network element; the second path identifier is used to indicate Paths from intermediate user plane NEs to user plane NEs.
  • the session management network element can send the path identifier to the intermediate user plane network element, so that the intermediate user plane network element can forward data according to the path identifier.
  • the intermediate user plane network element can directly establish the path ID according to the path identifier. The path identifies the corresponding forwarding entry, reduces the forwarding entries on the intermediate user plane network element, and reduces the overhead of the intermediate user plane network element.
  • the sending module is further configured to send path information corresponding to the path identifier to the first device; wherein the path information includes the identification information of the access network element corresponding to the first path and the identification information of the user plane network element. identification information.
  • the session management network element can enable the first device to determine the access network element and user plane network element corresponding to the first path according to the path information, which is convenient for the first device to perform During data forwarding, the next hop network element is determined according to the path information.
  • the path information includes tunnel information of the user plane network element and/or tunnel information of the access network element.
  • the path information includes the tunnel information of the user plane network element and/or the tunnel information of the access network element
  • the user plane network element and the access network element can be made to establish a communication connection according to each other's tunnel information , which is convenient for subsequent data transmission.
  • a communication apparatus in a third aspect, may be a session management network element or a chip or a system-on-chip in the session management network element.
  • the communication apparatus can implement the functions performed by the session management network elements in the above aspects or possible designs, and the functions can be implemented by hardware.
  • the communication device may include: a transceiver. The transceiver may be used to support the communication device to implement the functions involved in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect.
  • the transceiver can be used to send a path identifier to the first device; wherein, the first device includes an access network element corresponding to the PDU session and a user plane network element corresponding to the PDU session; the PDU session corresponds to the first terminal; Indicates the first path from the access network element to the user plane network element; the first path includes part or all of the second path, and the second path is the path corresponding to the PDU session pre-established by the session management network element for the second terminal
  • the transceiver can also be used to send the identification information of the destination address corresponding to the path identification to the first device; so that the first device carries the path identification corresponding to the destination address in the data according to the destination address of the received data, and passes The path corresponding to the destination address is forwarded.
  • the communication device may further include a memory for storing necessary computer-executed instructions and data of the communication device.
  • the transceiver executes the computer-executed instructions stored in the memory, so that the communication device executes the message forwarding method described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect.
  • the communication device For the specific implementation of the communication device, reference may be made to the first aspect or the behavior function of the session management network element in the packet forwarding method provided by any possible design of the first aspect.
  • a communication device comprising one or more processors and one or more memories; the one or more memories are coupled to the one or more processors, and the one or more memories are used for storing Computer program code or computer instructions; when one or more processors execute the computer instructions, the communication apparatus is made to perform the message forwarding method described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect.
  • a computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions or programs, and when the computer instructions or programs run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the first aspect or the first aspect. Any possible design of the described packet forwarding method.
  • a computer program product containing instructions, which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to execute the message forwarding method described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect.
  • a chip system in a seventh aspect, includes one or more processors and one or more memories; the one or more memories are coupled to the one or more processors, and the one or more memories store There is computer program code or computer instructions; when the one or more processors execute the computer program code or computer instructions, the system on a chip is caused to perform as described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect message forwarding method.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a packet forwarding method, the method includes: a first device receives a path identifier from a session management network element; wherein the first device includes an access network corresponding to a protocol data unit PDU session The user plane network element corresponding to the network element and the PDU session; the PDU session corresponds to the first terminal; the path identifier is used to indicate the first path from the access network element to the user plane network element; the first path includes part or all of the second path Path, the second path is the path corresponding to the PDU session established in advance by the session management network element for the second terminal; the first device receives the identification information of the destination address corresponding to the path identifier from the session management network element; the first device obtains the first terminal the data including the destination address; the first device carries the path identifier corresponding to the destination address in the data according to the destination address of the data, and forwards it through the path corresponding to the destination address.
  • the first device when the first path includes part or all of the second path, can receive the path identifier from the session management network element without re-establishing the same part of the first path as the second path path, thereby reducing signaling overhead and shortening handover delay.
  • the first device can enable the first device to determine the path for forwarding the data according to the destination address of the data after receiving the data, and carry the path identifier corresponding to the path with It is sent to the next-hop network element in the data.
  • the first path is the first GTP-U path; the second path is the second GTP-U path.
  • the first device may send the path identifier carried in the GTP-U packet header of the data to the next-hop network element during data transmission.
  • the first path includes an intermediate user plane network element.
  • the path identifier includes a first path identifier and a second path identifier; wherein the first path identifier is used to indicate the path from the access network element to the intermediate user plane network element; the second path identifier is used to indicate Paths from intermediate user plane NEs to user plane NEs.
  • the intermediate user plane network element when there is an intermediate user plane network element, can perform data forwarding according to the path identifier. Compared with the intermediate user plane network element establishing different forwarding entries according to different destination addresses of terminal data corresponding to different PDU sessions, in the embodiment of the present application, the intermediate user plane network element can directly establish the path according to the path identifier. The corresponding forwarding entries are identified, the forwarding entries on the intermediate user plane network elements are reduced, and the overhead of the intermediate user plane network elements is reduced.
  • the first device receives path information corresponding to the path identifier from the session management network element; wherein the path information includes the identification information of the access network element corresponding to the first path and the identification information of the user plane network element .
  • the first device can determine the access network element and the user plane network element corresponding to the first path according to the path information, so that the first device can determine the next hop network element according to the path information when forwarding data.
  • the path information includes tunnel information of the user plane network element and/or tunnel information of the access network element.
  • the path information includes the tunnel information of the user plane network element and/or the tunnel information of the access network element
  • the user plane network element and the access network element can be made to establish a communication connection according to each other's tunnel information , which is convenient for subsequent data transmission.
  • a communication apparatus can implement the functions performed by the first device in the eighth aspect or possible designs of the eighth aspect, and the functions can be implemented by executing corresponding software through hardware.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions. For example, the receiving module and the sending module.
  • a receiving module configured to receive a path identifier from a session management network element; wherein the first device includes an access network network element corresponding to a protocol data unit PDU session and a user plane network element corresponding to the PDU session; the PDU session corresponds to a first terminal;
  • the path identifier is used to indicate the first path from the access network element to the user plane network element; the first path includes part or all of the second path, and the second path is a PDU session pre-established by the session management network element for the second terminal corresponding path.
  • the receiving module is also used for receiving the identification information of the destination address corresponding to the path identifier from the session management network element; the receiving module is also used for acquiring the data including the destination address of the first terminal; the sending module is used for according to the destination address of the data , carry the path identifier corresponding to the destination address in the data, and forward it through the path corresponding to the destination address.
  • the first device can receive the path identifier from the session management network element without re-establishing the part of the first path that is the same as the second path, thereby reducing the information on the second path. This reduces the overhead and shortens the handover delay.
  • the first device can enable the first device to determine the path for forwarding the data according to the destination address of the data after receiving the data, and carry the path identifier corresponding to the path with It is sent to the next-hop network element in the data.
  • the first path is the first GTP-U path; the second path is the second GTP-U path.
  • the first device may send the path identifier carried in the GTP-U packet header of the data to the next-hop network element during data transmission.
  • the first path includes an intermediate user plane network element.
  • the path identifier includes a first path identifier and a second path identifier; wherein the first path identifier is used to indicate the path from the access network element to the intermediate user plane network element; the second path identifier is used to indicate Paths from intermediate user plane NEs to user plane NEs.
  • the intermediate user plane network element when there is an intermediate user plane network element, can perform data forwarding according to the path identifier. Compared with the intermediate user plane network element establishing different forwarding entries according to different destination addresses of terminal data corresponding to different PDU sessions, in the embodiment of the present application, the intermediate user plane network element can directly establish the path according to the path identifier. The corresponding forwarding entries are identified, the forwarding entries on the intermediate user plane network elements are reduced, and the overhead of the intermediate user plane network elements is reduced.
  • the receiving module is further configured to receive path information corresponding to the path identifier from the session management network element; wherein the path information includes the identifier information of the access network element corresponding to the first path and the user plane network element. identification information.
  • the first device can determine the access network element and the user plane network element corresponding to the first path according to the path information, so that the first device can determine the next hop network element according to the path information when forwarding data.
  • the path information includes tunnel information of the user plane network element and/or tunnel information of the access network element.
  • the path information includes the tunnel information of the user plane network element and/or the tunnel information of the access network element
  • the user plane network element and the access network element can be made to establish a communication connection according to each other's tunnel information , which is convenient for subsequent data transmission.
  • a communication apparatus may be a first device or a chip or a system-on-chip in the first device.
  • the communication apparatus may implement the functions performed by the first device in the above aspects or possible designs, and the functions may be implemented by hardware.
  • the communication device may include: a transceiver.
  • the transceiver may be used to support the communication device to implement the functions involved in the eighth aspect or any possible design of the eighth aspect.
  • the transceiver can be used to receive the path identifier from the session management network element; wherein, the first device includes the access network network element corresponding to the protocol data unit PDU session and the user plane network element corresponding to the PDU session; the PDU session corresponds to the first device terminal; the path identifier is used to indicate the first path from the access network element to the user plane network element; the first path includes part or all of the second path, and the second path is pre-established by the session management network element for the second terminal the path corresponding to the PDU session; the transceiver can also be used to receive the identification information of the destination address corresponding to the path identifier from the session management network element; the transceiver can also be used to obtain the data including the destination address of the first terminal; the transceiver , can also be used to carry the path identifier corresponding to the destination address in the data according to the destination address of the data, and forward it through the path corresponding to the destination address.
  • the communication device may further include a memory for storing necessary computer-executed instructions and data of the communication device.
  • the transceiver executes the computer-executed instructions stored in the memory, so that the communication device executes the message forwarding method described in the eighth aspect or any possible design of the eighth aspect.
  • a communication device comprising one or more processors and one or more memories; the one or more memories are coupled with the one or more processors, and the one or more memories are used for Store computer program codes or computer instructions; when one or more processors execute the computer instructions, the communication apparatus is made to execute the message forwarding method described in the eighth aspect or any possible design of the eighth aspect.
  • a twelfth aspect provides a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions or programs, and when the computer instructions or programs are run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the eighth aspect or the eighth aspect Any possible design of the described packet forwarding method.
  • a thirteenth aspect provides a computer program product containing instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to execute the message forwarding method described in the eighth aspect or any possible design of the eighth aspect.
  • a fourteenth aspect provides a chip system, the chip system includes one or more processors and one or more memories; the one or more memories are coupled with the one or more processors, and the one or more memories are Computer program code or computer instructions are stored; when the one or more processors execute the computer program code or computer instructions, the chip system is caused to perform the eighth aspect or any possible design of the eighth aspect.
  • the technical effect brought by any one of the design methods in the tenth aspect to the fourteenth aspect can refer to the technical effect brought by any possible design of the eighth aspect to the ninth aspect, and will not be repeated.
  • a fifteenth aspect provides a communication system comprising the communication device according to any one of the second to third aspects and the communication device according to any one of the eighth to ninth aspects.
  • FIG. 1a is a simplified schematic diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1b is a simplified schematic diagram of a 5G communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a message forwarding method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a protocol data unit (PDU) session is a transmission path (or called a transmission tunnel) used to transmit data to a terminal.
  • a PDU session can include a data network to core network elements (such as user plane network elements). ), the transmission path to the access network element, and the air interface resource allocated by the access network element for sending data to a specific terminal. After the access network element receives the data transmitted in the PDU session, on the air interface, the access network element can send the data to the terminal corresponding to the PDU session through point-to-point (PTP) unicast mode.
  • PDP point-to-point
  • a PDU session is oriented to one terminal. The PDU session is at the user equipment (UE) level, and one terminal corresponds to one or more PDU sessions.
  • the specific process for the session management network element to establish a PDU session for the terminal includes:
  • Step 101 The terminal sends a session establishment request to the mobility management network element through the access network element.
  • the mobility management network element receives the session establishment request.
  • the session establishment request is used for requesting establishment of a PDU session corresponding to the terminal.
  • the terminal further sends identification information of the PDU session to the mobility management network element through the access network element, where the identification information of the PDU session is used to identify the PDU session.
  • the session establishment request and the identification information of the PDU session are carried in a non-access stratum message (non access stratum message, NAS message) and sent to the mobility management network element.
  • NAS message non access stratum message
  • the terminal also sends the location information of the terminal to the mobility management network element through the access network element.
  • Step 102 The mobility management network element sends a session context creation request message to the session management network element.
  • the session management network element receives the create session context request message.
  • the session context creation request message may include the identification information of the terminal, the identification information of the PDU session and the session establishment request.
  • the session context creation request message further includes location information of the terminal.
  • Step 103 The session management network element sends a policy creation request to the policy control network element.
  • the policy control network element receives the policy creation request.
  • the policy creation request may include the identification information of the terminal and the identification information of the PDU session.
  • Step 104 The policy control network element sends a policy creation request response to the session management network element.
  • the session management network element receives the policy creation request response.
  • the policy creation request response may include identification information of the service corresponding to the terminal, QoS parameters or priority corresponding to the service, and the like.
  • the QoS parameters may be bandwidth, delay, and the like.
  • Step 105 The session management network element sends an N4 session establishment request to the user plane network element.
  • the user plane network element receives the N4 session establishment request.
  • the session management network element determines the user plane network element corresponding to the PDU session for the terminal according to the location information of the terminal.
  • Step 106 The user plane network element sends an N4 session establishment request response to the session management network element.
  • the session management network element receives the N4 session establishment request response.
  • the N4 session establishment request response includes the tunnel information of the user plane network element.
  • Step 107 The session management network element sends an N1N2 information transfer message to the mobility management network element.
  • the mobility management network element receives the N1N2 information transfer message.
  • the N1N2 information transfer message is Namf_Communication_N1N2Message Transfer, which may include session identifier, tunnel information of user plane network elements, and session establishment acceptance information; the session establishment acceptance information is used to indicate the acceptance of the session establishment request sent by the terminal.
  • Step 108 The mobility management network element sends an N2 session request (N2 request) to the access network element.
  • N2 request an N2 session request
  • the network element of the access network receives the N2 session request.
  • the N2 session request may include identification information of the PDU session, tunnel information of the user plane network element, and session establishment acceptance information.
  • Step 109 The network element of the access network sends a wireless connection establishment request to the terminal.
  • the terminal receives the wireless connection establishment request.
  • the network element of the access network may allocate air interface resources for the PDU session corresponding to the terminal according to the N2 session request.
  • the wireless connection establishment request may include session establishment acceptance information.
  • Step 110 The access network element sends the tunnel information of the access network element to the session management network element through the mobility management network element.
  • the session management network element receives the tunnel information of the access network element.
  • Step 111 The session management network element sends an N4 session modification request to the user plane network element.
  • the user plane network element receives the N4 session modification request.
  • the N4 session modification request may include tunnel information of the network element of the access network.
  • the session management network element sends the tunnel information of the access network element to the user plane network element, and sends the tunnel information of the user plane network element to the access network element, so as to facilitate the establishment of a session between the access network element and the user plane network element. tunnel to complete the PDU session establishment process.
  • the session management network element can modify the PDU session corresponding to the terminal, so that the terminal can transmit data through the target access network network according to the modified PDU session. element is sent to the user plane network element.
  • the session management network element modifies the PDU session of the terminal, it needs to exchange tunnel information between the access network element corresponding to the switched path and each user plane network element multiple times to establish a session tunnel. The overhead is large and the switching delay is long.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a packet forwarding method, in which the session management network element can send the path identifier to the access network element or the user plane network element, so that the access network element or the user plane The network element sends the data of the first terminal to the next-hop network element through the first path according to the path identifier.
  • the session management network element exchanging tunnel information between the access network network elements corresponding to the switched paths for many times and each user plane network element to establish a session tunnel, in the embodiment of the present application, when the first path includes the first path, the first path includes the first path.
  • the session management network element can send the path identifier to the access network element or the user plane network element without re-establishing the part of the first path that is the same as the second path, thereby reducing the number of Signaling overhead and shorten handover delay.
  • the intermediate user plane network element compared with the intermediate user plane network element establishing different forwarding entries according to different destination addresses of the terminal data corresponding to different PDU sessions, in the embodiment of the present application, the intermediate user plane network element establishes different forwarding entries.
  • the network element can directly establish forwarding entries corresponding to the path identifiers according to the path identifiers, thereby reducing the forwarding entries on the intermediate user plane network elements and reducing the overhead of the intermediate user plane network elements.
  • the packet forwarding method provided by the embodiments of the present application can be used in any communication system, and the communication system can be a third generation partnership project (3GPP) communication system, for example, long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE)
  • 3GPP third generation partnership project
  • LTE long term evolution
  • the system can also be a fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system, a new radio (NR) system, an NR V2X system, and other next-generation communication systems, or a non-3GPP communication system, which is not limited.
  • the packet forwarding method provided in this embodiment of the present application can be applied to various communication scenarios, for example, can be applied to one or more of the following communication scenarios: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (ultra reliable low latency communication, URLLC), machine type communication (MTC), massive machine type communication (mMTC), device to device (device to device, D2D), vehicle outreach ( vehicle to everything (V2X), vehicle to vehicle (V2V), and Internet of things (IoT), etc.
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • URLLC ultra-reliable low-latency communication
  • MTC machine type communication
  • mMTC massive machine type communication
  • device to device device to device
  • D2D device to device
  • vehicle outreach vehicle to everything
  • V2X vehicle to vehicle
  • V2V vehicle to vehicle
  • IoT Internet of things
  • FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the communication system may include at least one terminal, at least one access network element, a mobility management network element, a session management network element, Policies control network elements, user plane network elements, and data networks (DNs).
  • DNs data networks
  • the terminal in FIG. 1a may be located within the cell coverage of the network element of the access network.
  • the terminal can communicate with the access network element through the uplink (uplink, UL) over the air interface.
  • uplink uplink
  • the terminal sends data to the access network element, and the access network element forwards the received data to the Core network element, the core network element processes the data, and sends the processed data to the application server through the N6 interface;
  • the application server sends downlink data to the core network element, and the core network network
  • the element processes the data, and sends the processed data to the access network element through the N3 interface, and the access network element processes the data and sends it to the terminal through the air interface.
  • the terminal sends uplink data to the access network element through the uplink physical sidelink share channel (PUSCH) in the UL direction, and the access network element forwards the received uplink data to the core network element , the core network element processes the uplink data, and sends the processed uplink data to the application server through the N6 interface; the access network element that forwards the uplink data from the terminal to the core network element and the core network element that forwards the uplink data
  • the access network elements of the downlink data to the terminal may be the same access network element, or may be different access network elements.
  • the terminal can also communicate with the core network element through a specific interface, for example, the terminal can communicate with the mobility management network element in the core network network element through the N1 interface.
  • the session management network element can establish a PDU session for the terminal after the terminal accesses the network.
  • the terminal accesses the external data network DN through the PDU session and interacts with the application server deployed in the DN.
  • the network can select the anchor point of the user plane PDU session accessing the DN according to the network policy, that is, the protocol data unit anchor (PDU session anchor, PSA), and access the application server through the N6 interface of the PSA.
  • the application server of the same application can Deployed in multiple locations, the network can select the PSA that is close to the user equipment and supports the user equipment to access the DN according to the access location of the user equipment, so as to reduce circuitous routing and network delay.
  • the terminal (terminal) in FIG. 1a may be referred to as user equipment (user equipment, UE), or a mobile station (mobile station, MS) or a mobile terminal (mobile terminal, MT).
  • the terminal in FIG. 1a may be a mobile phone (mobile phone), a tablet computer or a computer with a wireless transceiver function. It can also be a virtual reality (VR) terminal, an augmented reality (AR) terminal, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in unmanned driving, a wireless terminal in telemedicine, and a wireless terminal in smart grid.
  • VR virtual reality
  • AR augmented reality
  • terminals wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, in-vehicle terminals, vehicles with vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication capabilities, intelligent networked vehicles, There are no restrictions on UAVs with UAV to UAV (U2U) communication capabilities.
  • V2V vehicle-to-vehicle
  • the access network element in FIG. 1a may be any device with wireless transceiver function, and is mainly used to implement functions such as wireless physical control function, resource scheduling and wireless resource management, wireless access control and mobility management.
  • the network element of the access network may be a device supporting wired access or a device supporting wireless access.
  • the access network element may be an access network (access network, AN)/radio access network (radio access network, RAN) device, which is composed of multiple 5G-AN/5G-RAN nodes.
  • 5G-AN/5G-RAN nodes can be: access point (AP), base station (nodeB, NB), enhanced base station (enhance nodeB, eNB), next-generation base station (NR nodeB, gNB), transmission and reception A transmission reception point (TRP), a transmission point (TP), or some other access node, etc.
  • the mobility management network element in Figure 1a is mainly responsible for user equipment access authentication, mobility management, and signaling interaction between functional network elements, such as: user registration status, user connection status, user registration Network access, tracking area update, cell handover user authentication and key security are managed.
  • the session management network element in Fig. 1a may be called a session management function or a multicast/multicast service management function (multicast/broadcast-service management function, MB-SMF) or a multicast session management network element, etc., without limitation.
  • the session management network element is mainly used to realize the user plane transmission logical channel, such as session management functions such as establishment, release and modification of a protocol data unit (PDU) session.
  • PDU protocol data unit
  • the policy control network element in FIG. 1a can be used to provide policies to the mobility management network element and the session management network element, such as: a quality of service (quality of service) policy and so on.
  • policies such as: a quality of service (quality of service) policy and so on.
  • the user plane network element in Figure 1a may be called a PDU Session Anchor (PSA), a user plane function, or a multicast/broadcast user plane function (MB-UPF).
  • PSA PDU Session Anchor
  • MB-UPF multicast/broadcast user plane function
  • the user plane network element can be used as the anchor point on the user plane transmission logical channel, and is mainly used to complete functions such as routing and forwarding of user plane data, such as: establishing a channel with the terminal (that is, the user plane transmission logical channel), on the channel Forwards data packets between the terminal and the DN, and is responsible for data packet filtering, data forwarding, rate control, and generation of billing information for the terminal.
  • the multicast/broadcast (MB) service controller (MB service controller) has service management functions such as group management, security management and service announcement.
  • the data network DN in FIG. 1a can be an operator network that provides data transmission services to users, such as an operator network that can provide users with an IP multimedia service (IP multi-media service, IMS).
  • An application server (application server, AS) may be deployed in the DN, and the application server may provide data transmission services to users.
  • the terminal, the network element of the access network, and the network element of the core network in this embodiment of the present application may all be one or more chips, or may be a system on chip (system on chip, SOC), or the like.
  • Figure 1a is only an exemplary drawing, which includes an unlimited number of devices.
  • the communication system may also include other devices.
  • the names of each device and each link in Fig. 1a are not limited.
  • each device and each link can also be named with other names.
  • the network shown in Fig. 1a may also include application function network elements, network slice selection network elements, network warehouse network elements, authentication service network elements, network storage network elements, network data analysis network elements, network elements Open network elements, etc., without restrictions.
  • the communication system shown in FIG. 1a may be a communication system in the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP), for example, may be a long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) communication system, or a fourth A 4th generation (4G) communication system, or a fifth generation (5th generation, 5G) communication system or a new radio (NR) communication system, or a non-3GPP communication system, is not limited.
  • 3GPP 3rd generation partnership project
  • LTE long term evolution
  • 4G fourth A 4th generation
  • 5G fifth generation
  • NR new radio
  • the network element or entity corresponding to the above-mentioned access network element may be a radio access network (RAN, RAN) in the 5G communication system.
  • the network element or entity corresponding to the mobility management network element may be the access and mobility management function (AMF) in the 5G communication system
  • the network element or entity corresponding to the session management network element may be
  • the session management function (SMF) and the policy control network element in the 5G communication system may be the policy control function (PCF) in the 5G communication system
  • the network element or entity corresponding to the user plane network element may be.
  • the network element or entity corresponding to the user plane function (UPF) and application function network element in the 5G communication system can be selected for the application function (AF) and network slice in the 5G communication system corresponding to the network element.
  • the network element or entity may be the network slice selection function (NSSF) in the 5G communication system, and the network element or entity corresponding to the network repository network element may be the network repository function (NRF) in the 5G communication system.
  • NSSF network slice selection function
  • NRF network repository function
  • the network element or entity corresponding to the authentication service network element may be the authentication service function (authentication server function, AUSF) in the 5G communication system, and the network element or entity corresponding to the network storage network element may be the NRF in the 5G communication system
  • network data analysis network element can be the network data analysis function (network data analytics function) in the 5G communication system , NWDAF)
  • the network element or entity corresponding to the network open network element may be the network exposure function (NEF) in the 5G communication system
  • the network element or entity corresponding to the service control network element may be the service in the 5G communication system Control point (service control point, SCP), etc.
  • the terminal communicates with the AMF through the next generation network (next generation, N) 1 interface (N1 for short), the RAN device communicates with the AMF through the N2 interface (N2 for short), and the RAN device communicates with the AMF through the N3 interface (N3 for short).
  • N1 next generation network
  • N2 next generation interface
  • N3 N3 for short
  • ) communicates with the UPF
  • the UPF communicates with the application server in the DN through the N6 interface.
  • Core network elements can communicate with each other through service interfaces.
  • AMF can communicate with other core network elements through the Namf interface
  • SMF can communicate with other core network elements through the Nsmf interface
  • PCF can communicate with other core network elements through the Npcf interface.
  • NSSF can communicate with other core network elements through the Nnssf interface
  • NEF can communicate with other core network elements through the Nnef interface
  • NRF can communicate with other core network elements through the Nnrf interface
  • UDM can communicate with other core network elements through the Nudr interface.
  • the NWDAF can communicate with other core network elements through the Nnwdaf interface
  • the AUSF can communicate with other core network elements through the Nausf interface.
  • each terminal, access network element and core network element may adopt the composition structure shown in FIG. 2 , or include the components shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a communication apparatus 200 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication apparatus 200 may be a terminal or a chip or a system-on-chip in a terminal; it may also be an access network element or an access network element.
  • the communication device 200 includes a processor 201 , a transceiver 202 and a communication line 203 .
  • the communication apparatus 200 may further include a memory 204 .
  • the processor 201 , the memory 204 and the transceiver 202 may be connected through a communication line 203 .
  • the processor 201 is a central processing unit (CPU), a general-purpose processor network processor (NP), a digital signal processing (DSP), a microprocessor, a microcontroller, Programmable logic device (PLD) or any combination thereof.
  • the processor 201 may also be other apparatuses having processing functions, such as circuits, devices or software modules, which are not limited.
  • Transceiver 202 for communicating with other devices or other communication networks.
  • the other communication network may be Ethernet, radio access network (RAN), wireless local area networks (WLAN) and the like.
  • Transceiver 202 may be a module, circuit, transceiver, or any device capable of enabling communication.
  • the communication line 203 is used to transmit information between components included in the communication device 200 .
  • Memory 204 for storing instructions.
  • the instructions may be computer programs.
  • the memory 204 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and/or instructions, or a random access memory (RAM) or a random access memory (RAM).
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • CD- ROM compact disc read-only memory
  • optical disc storage including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.
  • the memory 204 may exist independently of the processor 201 , or may be integrated with the processor 201 .
  • the memory 204 may be used to store instructions or program code or some data or the like.
  • the memory 204 may be located in the communication device 200, or may be located outside the communication device 200, which is not limited.
  • the processor 201 is configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory 204 to implement the packet forwarding method provided by the following embodiments of the present application.
  • the processor 201 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in FIG. 2 .
  • the communication apparatus 200 includes a plurality of processors, for example, in addition to the processor 201 in FIG. 2 , a processor 207 may also be included.
  • the communication apparatus 200 further includes an output device 205 and an input device 206 .
  • the input device 206 is a device such as a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone or a joystick
  • the output device 205 is a device such as a display screen, a speaker, and the like.
  • the communication apparatus 200 may be a desktop computer, a portable computer, a network server, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a wireless terminal, an embedded device, a chip system or a device with a similar structure in FIG. 2 .
  • the composition shown in FIG. 3 does not constitute a limitation on the communication device.
  • the communication device may include more or less components than those shown in the figure, or combine some components , or a different component arrangement.
  • the chip system may be composed of chips, or may include chips and other discrete devices.
  • actions, terms, etc. involved in the various embodiments of the present application can be referred to each other, and are not limited.
  • the names of the messages or the names of parameters in the messages exchanged between the devices are just an example, and other names may also be used in the specific implementation, which is not limited.
  • the first terminal may be any terminal in the communication system
  • the session management network element may be any session management network element in the communication system
  • the network element, the mobility management network element can be any mobility management network element in the communication system
  • the user plane network element can be any user plane network element in the communication system, the first terminal, the session described in the following embodiments
  • the management network element, the mobility management network element, the target access network network element, and the user plane network element may all have the components shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a packet forwarding method provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 3 , the method may include:
  • Step 301 the session management network element establishes a PDU session for the first terminal.
  • the session management network element may refer to the above steps 101 to 111 to establish a PDU session for the first terminal, so that when the first terminal performs data transmission, The data is sent to the user plane network element through the source access network network element according to the PDU session.
  • the first terminal may communicate with the application server in the data network based on the PDU session, and the first terminal may send the data whose destination address is the application server to the user plane network element based on the PDU session.
  • the destination address sends the data to the application server corresponding to the destination address.
  • the first terminal may also communicate with other terminals in the communication system based on the PDU session. Taking the communication between the first terminal and the third terminal as an example, it is assumed that the PDU session established by the session management network element for the first terminal corresponds to the first user plane network.
  • the PDU session established for the third terminal corresponds to the third user plane network element.
  • the first terminal can send the data whose destination address is the third terminal to the first user plane network element based on the PDU session, and the first user plane network element sends the data to the first user plane network element.
  • the data is forwarded to the third user plane network element, and the third user plane network element forwards the data to the third terminal through the PDU session corresponding to the third terminal.
  • Step 302 The first terminal switches from the source access network element to the target access network element.
  • the source access network element may combine the identification information of the first terminal with the The identification information of the PDU session corresponding to the first terminal is sent to the network element of the target access network.
  • the process of switching the first terminal from the source access network element to the target access network element may refer to the description of the terminal switching between different access network elements in the prior art, and will not be repeated.
  • Step 303 The target access network element sends a first request to the session management network element through the mobility management network element.
  • the first request may include identification information of a target access network element corresponding to the first terminal and identification information of a PDU session corresponding to the first terminal.
  • the target access network element may send a first request to the session management network element through the mobility management network element to inform the session management network element that the first terminal has been handed over to the target access network element, and the first terminal needs to be
  • the modified PDU session is modified, so that the first terminal sends data to the user plane network element through the target access network network element according to the modified PDU session.
  • the network element of the target access network carries the first request in the N2 path switching request and sends it to the mobility management network element.
  • the mobility management network element After receiving the first request, the mobility management network element carries the first request in the PDU session modification. The request is sent to the session management network element.
  • the network element of the target access network also sends the location information of the first terminal to the session management network element through the mobility management network element.
  • Step 304 The session management network element determines the path identifier according to the first request.
  • the path identifier is used to indicate the first path from the target access network element to the user plane network element corresponding to the PDU session; the first path includes part or all of the second path; the second path is preset by the session management network element as The second terminal establishes a path corresponding to the PDU session.
  • the second path is the path from the access network element corresponding to the PDU session of the second terminal to the user plane network element corresponding to the PDU session of the second terminal, and the second terminal may be any one other than the first terminal in the communication system terminal.
  • the session management network element may determine the first path according to the first request, and determine the first path identifier according to the first path.
  • the session management network element may, according to the first request, determine whether the user plane network element can continue to provide the PDU session service for the first terminal, and if so, determine that the first path includes the target access network element and the user plane network element. Yuan. If it is not possible, determine an intermediate user plane network element for the first terminal, and the intermediate user plane network element is used to forward the data of the first terminal from the target access network element to the user plane network element. At this time, the first path is determined. Including the target access network element, the intermediate user plane network element and the user plane network element.
  • the session management network element determines an intermediate user plane network element for the first terminal according to the location information of the first terminal.
  • the SMF can determine whether UPF1 can be used according to the location information of the first terminal. Continue to provide PDU session service for UE1. If yes, determine that the first path includes RAN2 and UPF1. If not, SMF can determine the intermediate UPF for UE1 according to the location information of UE1. Suppose that the intermediate UPF determined by SMF for UE1 is UPF2, then It is determined that the first path includes RAN2, UPF2 and UPF1.
  • the session management network element may determine whether the first path includes part or all of the second path according to the determined first path, and determine the path identifier of the first path according to the judgment result.
  • the session management network element determines that the first path includes all paths of the second path according to the first path, and the session management network element determines the path identifier of the first path according to the path identifier of the second path.
  • the first path including all the paths of the second path can be understood as the first path and the second path are the same, and can also be understood as part of the first path and the second path are the same.
  • the session management network element may determine the path identifier of the second path as the path identifier of the first path.
  • first path and the second path are the same may mean that the first path and the second path share the same network element, and may also be described as each network element corresponding to the first path is the same as each network element corresponding to the second path.
  • the first path is determined to be the same as that of UPF1.
  • the second paths are the same, and the path identifier of the second path is determined as the path identifier of the first path.
  • the path identifier of the second path is determined as the path identifier of the first path.
  • the session management network element may use the path identifier of the second path as the first path identifier of the partial path of the first path, and at the same time, the session management network element may also A second path identifier is set for another partial path of the first path, and the first path identifier and the second path identifier are used as path identifiers of the first path.
  • the partial path of the first path is the same as the second path may mean that the partial path of the first path and the second path share the same network element, or may be described as the target access network element corresponding to the first path and the second path
  • the corresponding access network element is the same access network element
  • the intermediate user plane network element corresponding to the first path and the user plane network element corresponding to the second path are the same user plane network element.
  • the session management network The element may use the identification information of the second path as the first path identification of the path between the target access network network element and the intermediate user plane network element in the first path.
  • the session management network element may also establish a communication connection between the intermediate user plane network element and the user plane network element, and set the second path identifier of the path between the intermediate user plane network element and the user plane network element, and associate the first path identifier with the second path identifier.
  • the second path identifier is used as the path identifier of the first path.
  • the SMF determines that the first path corresponding to UE1 includes RAN2, UPF2 and UPF1
  • the path identifier of a path includes two parts, one part is the first path identifier determined according to the path identifier of the second path, and the other part is the second path identifier set by the session management network element for the path between UPF2 and UPF1.
  • the session management network element when the session management network element establishes a communication connection between the intermediate user plane network element and the user plane network element, the identification information of the device can be exchanged between the intermediate user plane network element and the user plane network element, so as to establish a communication connection based on the device layer. Communication connection between intermediate user plane network elements and user plane network elements.
  • the session management network element can send the identification information of the intermediate user plane network element to the user plane network element, and send the identification information of the user plane network element to the intermediate user plane network element, so as to establish the intermediate user plane network element and the user plane network element. Communication link between elements.
  • the identification information of the device may include a media access control (MAC) address of the device, an internet protocol (IP) address of the device, identity (identity, ID) information of the device, and other information used to identify the device .
  • MAC media access control
  • IP internet protocol
  • ID identity
  • the session management network element determines that the first path includes a partial path of the second path according to the first path, and the session management network element determines the path identifier of the first path according to the path identifier of the second path.
  • the first path includes a partial path of the second path
  • the first path is the same as the partial path of the second path
  • the partial path of the first path is the same as the partial path of the second path.
  • the session management network element may determine the path identifier of the part of the path identifiers of the second path that is the same as the first path as the path identifier of the first path.
  • first path and the partial paths of the second path are the same may mean that the first path and the partial paths of the second path share the same network element, or it may be described that each network element corresponding to the first path and a partial path of the second path The corresponding network elements are the same.
  • the SMF determines that the first path corresponding to UE1 includes RAN2 and UPF2
  • the first path corresponding to UE1 is determined to include RAN2 and UPF2.
  • the path is the same as the path between RAN2 and UPF2 in the second path
  • the path identifier corresponding to the path between RAN2 and UPF2 in the path identifiers of the second path is determined as the path identifier of the first path.
  • the session management network element may use the path identifier of the partial path in the second path that is the same as the partial path of the first path as the part of the path of the first path.
  • the session management network element may also set a second path identifier for another part of the first path, and use the first path identifier and the second path identifier as the path identifiers of the first path.
  • the partial path of the first path is the same as the partial path of the second path may mean that the partial path of the first path and the partial path of the second path share the same network element, or may be described as each corresponding network element of the partial path of the first path
  • the network element is the same as each network element corresponding to the partial path of the second path.
  • the SMF determines that the first path corresponding to UE1 includes RAN2, UPF2 and UPF3, then determine The path between RAN2 and UPF2 in the first path is the same as the path between RAN2 and UPF2 in the second path, and the path identifier corresponding to the path between RAN2 and UPF2 in the path identifiers of the second path is determined as the path identifier of the first path.
  • the first path identifier may also establish a communication connection for UPF2 and UPF3, set a second path identifier, and use the first path identifier and the second path identifier as the path identifiers of the first path.
  • the session management network element may further establish a communication connection between RAN3 and UPF2, and set a second path identifier, and use the first path identifier and the second path identifier as path identifiers of the first path.
  • the session management network element determines, according to the first path, that the first path does not include part or all of the second path, then the session management network element establishes the first path for the first terminal, and provides the first path for the first path. Set the path ID.
  • the session management network element when the session management network element establishes the first path for the first terminal, the specific process of establishing the communication connection between the target access network network element and the user plane network element, or establishing the target access network network element and the intermediate user plane network element
  • the specific process of the communication connection between the elements refer to the above steps 105 to 111, which will not be repeated.
  • For establishing the communication connection between the intermediate user plane network and the user plane network element refer to the above session management network element for the intermediate user plane network element. The process of establishing a communication connection with the user plane network element will not be repeated.
  • Step 305 The session management network element sends the path identifier and the identification information of the destination address corresponding to the path identifier to the target access network element through the mobility management network element.
  • the session management network element sends the path identifier to the target access network element through the mobility management network element, so that the target access network element, after receiving the data of the first terminal, sends the data through the path identifier corresponding to the network element.
  • the first path is sent to the user plane network element.
  • the session management network element also sends the identification information of the destination address corresponding to the path identification to the target access network element, so that the target access network element parses the data of the first terminal after receiving the data of the first terminal , obtain the destination address of the data, and determine the path for forwarding the data according to the destination address of the data.
  • the session management network element also sends path information corresponding to the path identifier to the target access network element; wherein the path information includes the identifier information of the access network element corresponding to the first path and the identifier of the user plane network element. information.
  • the path information further includes identification information of the intermediate user plane network element.
  • step 305 further includes the following step 305a.
  • step 305 can also be replaced by the following step 305a.
  • step 305 includes the following step 305a
  • step 306 may be executed; when the above step 305 is replaced by the following step 305a, the following steps 307 to 309 may be executed.
  • Step 305a The session management network element sends the path identifier and the identification information of the destination address corresponding to the path identifier to the user plane network element corresponding to the first path.
  • the session management network element sends the identification information of the destination address corresponding to the path identification to the user plane network element, so that the user plane network element can parse the data of the first terminal after receiving the data of the first terminal, and obtain The destination address of the data, and the path for forwarding the data is determined according to the destination address of the data.
  • the session management network element may also send the path identifier to the intermediate user plane network element.
  • the session management network element should send the path information of the first path to the user plane network element, and when there is an intermediate user plane network element, also send the path information of the first path to the intermediate user plane network element.
  • the path information further includes tunnel information of the user plane network element and/or tunnel information of the target access network element.
  • the session management network element can carry the tunnel information of the target access network element in the path information and send it to the user plane network element, and carry the tunnel information of the user plane network element in the path information and send it to the target access network element.
  • the access network element is used to establish a communication connection between the target access network element and the user plane network element.
  • the session management network element can carry the tunnel information of the target access network element and the tunnel information of the user plane network element in the path information and send it to the intermediate user plane network element.
  • the tunnel information of the element is carried in the path information and sent to the target access network element and the user plane network element respectively to establish the communication connection between the target access network element and the intermediate user plane network element, and the intermediate user plane network element and the user plane network element. Communication connection between plane network elements.
  • the session management network element does not need to send the path information of the part of the first path that is the same as part or all of the second path to the user.
  • plane network elements and intermediate user plane network elements are intermediate user plane network elements.
  • the session management network element determines the identification information of the first terminal according to the identification information of the PDU session; and sends the identification information of the first terminal to the user plane network element corresponding to the path identification, so that the user plane network element according to the first terminal identification information.
  • the identification information of a terminal determines data corresponding to the first terminal, thereby implementing operations such as policy control or charging for the data of the first terminal.
  • the identification information of the first terminal includes one or more of the following: MAC address of the first terminal, N4 interface information corresponding to the first terminal, and the like.
  • step 305 and/or step 305a may also be replaced by the following step 305b.
  • Step 305b The session management network element sends the path identifier and the identification information of the destination address corresponding to the path identifier to the user plane network element or the access network element corresponding to the PDU session of the second terminal.
  • the session management network element may determine the path identifier of the path between the first terminal and the second terminal according to the PDU session of the first terminal and the PDU session of the second terminal, and send the path identifier to the PDU session of the second terminal
  • the corresponding access network element or user plane network element The access network element or the user plane network element corresponding to the PDU session of the second terminal sends the path identifier to the PDU session corresponding to the first terminal through the path corresponding to the path identifier.
  • the session management network element can determine the path identifier according to the path between UEI and UE2, and send the path identifier to the RAN2, so that RAN2 sends the path identifiers to UPF2, UPF1 and RAN1 sequentially through the path; or the session management network element sends the path identifier to UPF2, so that UPF2 sends the path identifiers to UPF1 and RAN1 sequentially through the path, and The path identification is sent to RAN2.
  • Step 306 The target access network element sends the data of the first terminal to the user plane network element according to the path identifier.
  • the network element of the target access network can parse the data of the first terminal to obtain the destination address of the data, and determine the corresponding first path for forwarding the data according to the destination address.
  • the path identifier is sent, and the data of the first terminal and the path identifier of the first path are sent to the next-hop network element of the target access network element in the first path through the first path.
  • the network element of the target access network can encapsulate the path identifier in the general packet radio service tunneling protocol (general packet radio service tunnelling protocol for the user plane, GTP-U) packet header of the user plane corresponding to the data.
  • general packet radio service tunneling protocol general packet radio service tunnelling protocol for the user plane, GTP-U
  • the target access network element may The path identifier of the first path and the path information of the first path are carried in the data of the first terminal and sent to the next-hop network element of the target access network element in the first path.
  • the path identifier determines its own next-hop network element, and carries the path identifier of the first path and the path information of the first path in the data of the first terminal and sends it to its own next-hop network element through the first path, until the The data of the first terminal is sent to the user plane network element.
  • the user plane network element After the user plane network element receives the data of the first terminal, it determines that the received data belongs to the first terminal according to the path identifier of the first path, and can be based on the forwarding rules pre-set for the data of the first terminal. , charging rules, etc. to perform corresponding operations on the data of the first terminal.
  • the session management network element passes the path identifier of the first path and the path information of the first path through mobility management
  • the network element sends it to RAN2, and RAN2 can carry the path identifier of the first path and the path information of the first path in the data of UE1 and send it to UPF2, and UPF2 determines the next path of UPF2 on the first path according to the path information of the first path.
  • the hop network element is UPF1
  • the path identifier of the first path and the path information of the first path are carried in the data of UE1 and sent to UPF1.
  • UPF1 determines that the received data belongs to UE1 according to the path identifier of the first path.
  • Corresponding operations are performed on the data of the UE1 according to the forwarding rules, charging rules and the like set in advance for the data of the UE1.
  • the target access network element when the session management network element adopts the above steps 305 and 305a to send the path identifier and path information of the first path to the target access network element, the intermediate user plane network element and the user plane network element , the target access network element can carry the path identifier of the first path in the data of the first terminal and send it to the next-hop network element of the target access network element in the first path, and the next-hop network element is based on the first path.
  • the path identifier of the path determines its own next-hop network element from the previously stored path information, and carries the path identifier of the first path in the data of the first terminal and sends it to its own next-hop network element through the first path, Until the data of the first terminal is sent to the user plane network element.
  • step 305a is sent to RAN2, UPF2 and UPF1, then RAN2 can carry the path identifier of the first path in the data of UE1 and send it to UPF2, and UPF2 determines from the pre-stored path information according to the path identifier of the first path that UPF2 is in the first path.
  • the next-hop network element on a path is UPF1, and the path identifier of the first path is carried in the data of UE1 and sent to UPF1.
  • UPF1 determines that the received data belongs to UE1 according to the path identifier of the first path.
  • the forwarding rules, charging rules, etc. set for the data of the UE1 perform corresponding operations on the data of the UE1.
  • Step 307 The target access network element sends the data of the first terminal to the user plane network element.
  • the user plane network element receives the data of the first terminal.
  • the network element of the target access network may directly send the data to the user plane network element without parsing the data of the first terminal.
  • Step 308 The user plane network element determines the path identifier according to the destination address of the data of the first terminal.
  • the user plane network element After receiving the data of the first terminal sent by the network element of the target access network, the user plane network element can parse the data of the first terminal to obtain the destination address of the data of the first terminal, and determine the path according to the destination address. logo.
  • UPF1 receives data of UE1 from RAN1, and UPF1 parses the data and finds the data of the data. If the destination address corresponds to UE2, the UPF1 may pre-store the correspondence between the destination address and the path identifier to determine the path identifier corresponding to the destination address.
  • Step 309 The user plane network element sends the path identifier carried in the data of the first terminal to the next-hop network element.
  • the user plane network element may encapsulate the path identifier in the GTP-U header of the data.
  • the next-hop network element can determine the path corresponding to the destination address of the received data according to the above step 308. identifier, and carry the determined path identifier in the data and send it to its own next-hop network element until the data is sent to the destination address.
  • the session management network element sends the path identifier to the target access network element or the user plane network element, so that the target access network element or the user plane network element sends the data of the first terminal according to the path identifier. It is sent to the next-hop network element through the first path.
  • the session management network element can send the path identifier to the target access network element or user plane network element without re-establishing the part of the first path that is the same as the second path, thereby Reduce signaling overhead and shorten handover delay.
  • the intermediate user plane network element when there is an intermediate user plane network element, compared with the intermediate user plane network element establishing different forwarding entries according to different destination addresses of the terminal data corresponding to different PDU sessions, in the embodiment of the present application, the intermediate user plane network element establishes different forwarding entries.
  • the network element can directly establish forwarding entries corresponding to the path identifiers according to the path identifiers, thereby reducing the forwarding entries on the intermediate user plane network elements and reducing the overhead of the intermediate user plane network elements.
  • the above method shown in FIG. 3 describes that after the first terminal switches from the source access network element to the target access network element, when the session management network element modifies the PDU session corresponding to the first terminal,
  • the path identifier of the first path may be sent to the target access network element and the user plane network element corresponding to the PDU session modified by the first terminal.
  • the session management network element may refer to the method shown in FIG. 3, and send the path identifier of the path corresponding to the PDU session of the first terminal to the connection corresponding to the PDU session of the first terminal.
  • the network access network element and the user plane network element, wherein the action performed by the access network element corresponding to the PDU session of the first terminal may refer to the action performed by the target access network element in FIG.
  • the actions performed by the corresponding user plane network elements reference may be made to the actions performed by the user plane network elements in the foregoing FIG. 3 , which will not be repeated.
  • each device includes corresponding hardware structures and/or software modules for performing each function.
  • the present application can be implemented in hardware or in the form of a combination of hardware and computer software, in conjunction with the algorithm steps of the examples described in the embodiments disclosed herein. Whether a function is performed by hardware or computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality using different methods for each particular application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.
  • each network element may be divided into functional modules according to the foregoing method examples.
  • each functional module may be divided corresponding to each function, or two or more functions may be integrated into one processing module.
  • the above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware, and can also be implemented in the form of software function modules. It should be noted that, the division of modules in the embodiments of the present application is schematic, and is only a logical function division, and there may be other division manners in actual implementation.
  • FIG. 5 shows a communication device, and the communication device 50 may be a session management network element or a chip or a system-on-chip in the session management network element.
  • the communication apparatus 50 may be used to perform the function of the session management network element involved in the above embodiments.
  • the communication device 50 shown in FIG. 5 includes: a sending module 501 .
  • the sending module 501 is configured to send a path identifier to a first device; wherein the first device includes an access network network element corresponding to the PDU session and a user plane network element corresponding to the PDU session; the PDU session corresponds to a first terminal; the path identifier is used for Indicate the first path from the access network element to the user plane network element; the first path includes part or all of the second path, and the second path is the path corresponding to the PDU session established in advance by the session management network element for the second terminal;
  • the sending module 501 is further configured to send the identification information of the destination address corresponding to the path identifier to the first device; so that the first device carries the path identifier corresponding to the destination address in the data according to the destination address of the received data, and passes The path corresponding to the destination address is forwarded.
  • the specific implementation of the communication device 50 may refer to the behavior function of the session management network element in the packet forwarding method described in FIG. 3 .
  • the first path is the first GTP-U path; the second path is the second GTP-U path.
  • the first path includes an intermediate user plane network element.
  • the path identifier includes a first path identifier and a second path identifier; wherein the first path identifier is used to indicate the path from the access network element to the intermediate user plane network element; the second path identifier is used to indicate Paths from intermediate user plane NEs to user plane NEs.
  • the sending module 501 is further configured to send the path information corresponding to the path identifier to the first device; wherein the path information includes the identification information of the access network element corresponding to the first path and the user plane network element identification information.
  • the path information includes tunnel information of the user plane network element and/or tunnel information of the access network element.
  • the sending module 501 in FIG. 5 can be replaced by a transceiver, and the transceiver can integrate the functions of the sending module 501 .
  • the communication device 50 shown in FIG. 5 may further include a memory.
  • the sending module 501 is replaced by a transceiver, the communication device 50 involved in this embodiment of the present application may be the communication device shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 6 shows a communication apparatus, and the communication apparatus 60 may be a first device or a chip or a system-on-chip in the first device.
  • the communication apparatus 60 may be used to perform the functions of the first device involved in the above embodiments.
  • the communication device 60 shown in FIG. 6 includes: a receiving module 601 and a sending module 602 .
  • a receiving module 601 configured to receive a path identifier from a session management network element; wherein the first device includes an access network network element corresponding to a protocol data unit PDU session and a user plane network element corresponding to the PDU session; the PDU session corresponds to a first terminal
  • the path identifier is used to indicate the first path from the access network element to the user plane network element; the first path includes part or all of the second path, and the second path is a PDU pre-established by the session management network element for the second terminal The path corresponding to the session;
  • the receiving module 601 is further configured to receive the identification information of the destination address corresponding to the path identification from the session management network element;
  • the receiving module 601 is further configured to obtain the data including the destination address of the first terminal;
  • the sending module 602 is further configured to forward the data through a path corresponding to the destination address of the data according to the destination address of the data.
  • the first path is the first GTP-U path; the second path is the second GTP-U path.
  • the first path includes an intermediate user plane network element.
  • the path identifier includes a first path identifier and a second path identifier; wherein the first path identifier is used to indicate the path from the access network element to the intermediate user plane network element; the second path identifier is used to indicate Paths from intermediate user plane NEs to user plane NEs.
  • the receiving module 601 is further configured to receive path information corresponding to the path identifier from the session management network element; wherein the path information includes the identifier information of the access network element corresponding to the first path and the user plane network element. Meta identification information.
  • the path information includes tunnel information of the user plane network element and/or tunnel information of the access network element.
  • the receiving module 601 in FIG. 6 can be replaced by a transceiver, and the transceiver can integrate the functions of the receiving module 601 .
  • the communication device 60 shown in FIG. 6 may further include a memory.
  • the receiving module 601 is replaced by a transceiver, the communication device 60 involved in this embodiment of the present application may be the communication device shown in FIG. 2 .
  • Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium. All or part of the processes in the above method embodiments can be completed by a computer program to instruct relevant hardware, the program can be stored in the above computer-readable storage medium, and when the program is executed, it can include the processes in the above method embodiments. .
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be an internal storage unit of the terminal (including the data sending end and/or the data receiving end) in any of the foregoing embodiments, such as a hard disk or a memory of the terminal.
  • the above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium can also be the external storage device of the above-mentioned terminal, such as a plug-in hard disk equipped on the above-mentioned terminal, a smart memory card (smart media card, SMC), a secure digital (secure digital, SD) card, flash memory card (flash card) etc. Further, the above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium may also include both an internal storage unit of the above-mentioned terminal and an external storage device.
  • the above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium is used for storing the above-mentioned computer program and other programs and data required by the above-mentioned terminal.
  • the above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.
  • At least one (item) refers to one or more
  • multiple refers to two or more
  • at least two (item) refers to two or three And three or more
  • "and/or” is used to describe the association relationship of related objects, indicating that three kinds of relationships can exist, for example, “A and/or B” can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A exists at the same time and B three cases, where A, B can be singular or plural.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the related objects are an "or” relationship.
  • At least one item(s) below” or similar expressions thereof refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single item(s) or plural items(s).
  • At least one (a) of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", “a and c", “b and c", or "a and b and c" ", where a, b, c can be single or multiple.
  • the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the modules or units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components may be Incorporation may either be integrated into another device, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented.
  • the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may be one physical unit or multiple physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple different places . Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may be implemented in the form of software functional units.
  • the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it may be stored in a readable storage medium.
  • the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be embodied in the form of software products in essence, or the parts that contribute to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solutions, which are stored in a storage medium , including several instructions to make a device (may be a single chip microcomputer, a chip, etc.) or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U disk, a removable hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk and other mediums that can store program codes.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种报文转发方法、装置及系统，涉及通信技术领域，能够改善现有会话管理网元修改PDU会话时，信令交互较多、切换时延较长的技术问题。方法包括：会话管理网元向第一设备发送路径标识；其中，第一设备包括PDU会话对应的接入网网元和PDU会话对应的用户面网元；PDU会话对应第一终端；路径标识用于指示接入网网元到用户面网元的第一路径；第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径，第二路径为会话管理网元预先为第二终端建立的PDU会话对应的路径；会话管理网元还将路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息发送给第一设备；以使第一设备根据接收到的数据的目的地址，将目的地址对应的路径标识携带在数据中，通过目的地址对应的路径进行转发。

Description

报文转发方法、装置及系统
本申请要求于2020年07月23日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202010718828.6、申请名称为“报文转发方法、装置及系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，尤其是涉及一种报文转发方法、装置及系统。
背景技术
第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)通信系统中，会话管理网元可以为终端建立协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)会话，以使终端可以根据PDU会话将数据通过接入网网元发送给用户面网元。由于终端在通信过程中可以不断移动，当终端从原接入网网元切换到目标接入网网元时，会话管理网元可以对终端对应的PDU会话进行修改，以使终端根据修改后的PDU会话将数据通过目标接入网网元发送给用户面网元。
其中，当终端从原接入网网元切换到目标接入网网元时，目标接入网网元可以通过移动性管理网元向会话管理网元发送包括终端标识的路径切换请求。会话管理网元根据终端标识确定终端对应的PDU会话，并确定该PDU会话对应的用户面网元是否可以继续为终端服务，如果不可以，会话管理网元可以为终端确定中间用户面网元，并将中间用户面网元的隧道信息分别发送给用户面网元和目标接入网网元，将用户面网元的隧道信息和目标接入网网元的隧道信息发送给中间用户面网元，以建立目标接入网网元与中间用户面网元间的N3隧道，建立中间用户面网元与用户面网元之间的N9隧道，完成PDU会话修改。
上述会话管理网元在对PDU会话进行修改时，需要多次在切换后的路径对应的目标接入网网元、以及各个用户面网元之间交互隧道信息，建立会话隧道，信令开销较大，切换时延较长。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请的目的在于提供一种报文转发方法、装置及系统，能够改善现有会话管理网元在对PDU会话进行修改时，信令开销较大，切换时延较长的技术问题。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种报文转发方法，该方法包括：会话管理网元向第一设备发送路径标识；其中，第一设备包括PDU会话对应的接入网网元和PDU会话对应的用户面网元；PDU会话对应第一终端；路径标识用于指示接入网网元到用户面网元的第一路径；第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径，第二路径为会话管理网元预先为第二终端建立的PDU会话对应的路径；会话管理网元将路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息发送给第一设备；以使第一设备根据接收到的数据的目的地址，将目的地址对应的路径标识携带在数据中，通过目的地址对应的路径进行转发。
基于第一方面，当第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径时，会话管理网元可以通过向接入网网元或者用户面网元发送路径标识，而不用重新建立第一路径中与第二路径相同的部分路径，从而减小信令开销，缩短切换时延。另外，会话管理网元还可以将路径标识与目的地址的对应关系发送给第一设备，使得第一设备在接收到数据后，根据数据的目 的地址确定用于转发该数据的路径，并将该路径对应的路径标识携带在数据中发送给下一跳网元。
一种可能的设计中，第一路径为第一GTP-U路径；第二路径为第二GTP-U路径。
基于该可能的设计，会话管理网元通过将路径标识发送给第一设备，可以使得第一设备在进行数据传输时，将路径标识携带在数据的GTP-U包头中发送给下一跳网元。
一种可能的设计中，第一路径包括中间用户面网元。
一种可能的设计中，路径标识包括第一路径标识和第二路径标识；其中，第一路径标识用于指示接入网网元到中间用户面网元的路径；第二路径标识用于指示中间用户面网元到用户面网元的路径。
基于上述两种可能的设计，当存在中间用户面网元时，会话管理网元可以将路径标识发送给中间用户面网元，以使中间用户面网元根据路径标识进行数据转发。且相比于中间用户面网元根据不同的PDU会话对应的终端数据的不同的目的地址，建立不同的转发条目相比，本申请实施例中，中间用户面网元可以直接根据路径标识，建立路径标识对应的转发条目，减少中间用户面网元上的转发条目，降低中间用户面网元的开销。
一种可能的设计中，会话管理网元将路径标识对应的路径信息发送给第一设备；其中，路径信息包括第一路径对应的接入网网元的标识信息和用户面网元的标识信息。
基于该可能的设计，会话管理网元通过将路径信息发送给第一设备，可以使得第一设备根据路径信息确定第一路径对应的接入网网元和用户面网元，便于第一设备进行数据转发时，根据路径信息确定下一跳网元。
一种可能的设计中，路径信息包括用户面网元的隧道信息和/或接入网网元的隧道信息。
基于该可能的设计，当路径信息包括用户面网元的隧道信息和/或接入网网元的隧道信息时，可以使得用户面网元和接入网网元根据对方的隧道信息建立通信连接，便于后续进行数据传输。
第二方面，提供了一种通信装置，通信装置可以实现上述第一方面或者第一方面可能的设计中会话管理网元所执行的功能，所述功能可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。所述硬件或软件包括一个或多个上述功能相应的模块。如，发送模块。发送模块，用于向第一设备发送路径标识；其中，第一设备包括PDU会话对应的接入网网元和PDU会话对应的用户面网元；PDU会话对应第一终端；路径标识用于指示接入网网元到用户面网元的第一路径；第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径，第二路径为会话管理网元预先为第二终端建立的PDU会话对应的路径。发送网元，还用于将路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息发送给第一设备；以使第一设备根据接收到的数据的目的地址，将目的地址对应的路径标识携带在数据中，通过目的地址对应的路径进行转发。
其中，该通信装置的具体实现方式可参考第一方面或第一方面的任一种可能的设计提供的报文转发方法中会话管理网元的行为功能，基于第二方面所述的通信装置，当第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径时，会话管理网元可以通过向接入网网元或者用户面网元发送路径标识，而不用重新建立第一路径中与第二路径相同的部分路径，从而减小信令开销，缩短切换时延。另外，会话管理网元还可以将路径标识与目的地址的对应关系发送给第一设备，使得第一设备在接收到数据后，根据数据的目的地址确定用于转发该数据的路径，并将该路径对应的路径标识携带在数据中发送给下一跳网元。
一种可能的设计中，第一路径为第一GTP-U路径；第二路径为第二GTP-U路径。
基于该可能的设计，会话管理网元通过将路径标识发送给第一设备，可以使得第一设备在进行数据传输时，将路径标识携带在数据的GTP-U包头中发送给下一跳网元。
一种可能的设计中，第一路径包括中间用户面网元。
一种可能的设计中，路径标识包括第一路径标识和第二路径标识；其中，第一路径标识用于指示接入网网元到中间用户面网元的路径；第二路径标识用于指示中间用户面网元到用户面网元的路径。
基于上述两种可能的设计，当存在中间用户面网元时，会话管理网元可以将路径标识发送给中间用户面网元，以使中间用户面网元根据路径标识进行数据转发。且相比于中间用户面网元根据不同的PDU会话对应的终端数据的不同的目的地址，建立不同的转发条目相比，本申请实施例中，中间用户面网元可以直接根据路径标识，建立路径标识对应的转发条目，减少中间用户面网元上的转发条目，降低中间用户面网元的开销。
一种可能的设计中，发送模块，还用于将路径标识对应的路径信息发送给第一设备；其中，路径信息包括第一路径对应的接入网网元的标识信息和用户面网元的标识信息。
基于该可能的设计，会话管理网元通过将路径信息发送给第一设备，可以使得第一设备根据路径信息确定第一路径对应的接入网网元和用户面网元，便于第一设备进行数据转发时，根据路径信息确定下一跳网元。
一种可能的设计中，路径信息包括用户面网元的隧道信息和/或接入网网元的隧道信息。
基于该可能的设计，当路径信息包括用户面网元的隧道信息和/或接入网网元的隧道信息时，可以使得用户面网元和接入网网元根据对方的隧道信息建立通信连接，便于后续进行数据传输。
第三方面，提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置可以为会话管理网元或者会话管理网元中的芯片或者片上系统。该通信装置可以实现上述各方面或者各可能的设计中会话管理网元所执行的功能，所述功能可以通过硬件实现。一种可能的设计中，该通信装置可以包括：收发器。收发器可以用于支持通信装置实现上述第一方面或者第一方面的任一种可能的设计中所涉及的功能。例如：收发器可以用于向第一设备发送路径标识；其中，第一设备包括PDU会话对应的接入网网元和PDU会话对应的用户面网元；PDU会话对应第一终端；路径标识用于指示接入网网元到用户面网元的第一路径；第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径，第二路径为会话管理网元预先为第二终端建立的PDU会话对应的路径；收发器还可以用于将路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息发送给第一设备；以使第一设备根据接收到的数据的目的地址，将目的地址对应的路径标识携带在数据中，通过目的地址对应的路径进行转发。在又一种可能的设计中，所述通信装置还可以包括存储器，存储器，用于保存通信装置必要的计算机执行指令和数据。当该通信装置运行时，该收发器执行该存储器存储的该计算机执行指令，以使该通信装置执行如上述第一方面或者第一方面的任一种可能的设计所述的报文转发方法。
其中，该通信装置的具体实现方式可参考第一方面或第一方面的任一种可能的设计提供的报文转发方法中会话管理网元的行为功能。
第四方面，提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置包括一个或多个处理器和一个或多个存储器；一个或多个存储器与一个或多个处理器耦合，一个或多个存储器用于存储计算机程 序代码或计算机指令；当一个或多个处理器执行计算机指令时，使得通信装置执行如第一方面或者第一方面的任一可能的设计所述的报文转发方法。
第五方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机指令或程序，当计算机指令或程序在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如第一方面或者第一方面的任一可能的设计所述的报文转发方法。
第六方面，提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如第一方面或者第一方面的任一可能的设计所述的报文转发方法。
第七方面，提供了一种芯片系统，所述芯片系统包括一个或多个处理器和一个或多个存储器；一个或多个存储器与一个或多个处理器耦合，一个或多个存储器中存储有计算机程序代码或计算机指令；当所述一个或多个处理器执行所述计算机程序代码或计算机指令时，使得所述芯片系统执行如第一方面或者第一方面的任一可能的设计所述的报文转发方法。
其中，第三方面至第七方面中任一种设计方式所带来的技术效果可参见上述第一方面至第二方面的任一种可能的设计所带来的技术效果，不予赘述。
第八方面，本申请实施例提供了一种报文转发方法，该方法包括：第一设备接收来自会话管理网元的路径标识；其中，第一设备包括协议数据单元PDU会话对应的接入网网元和PDU会话对应的用户面网元；PDU会话对应第一终端；路径标识用于指示接入网网元到用户面网元的第一路径；第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径，第二路径为会话管理网元预先为第二终端建立的PDU会话对应的路径；第一设备接收来自会话管理网元的路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息；第一设备获取第一终端的包括目的地址的数据；第一设备根据数据的目的地址，将目的地址对应的路径标识携带在数据中，通过目的地址对应的路径进行转发。
基于第八方面，当第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径时，第一设备可以通过接收来自会话管理网元的路径标识，而不用重新建立第一路径中与第二路径相同的部分路径，从而减小信令开销，缩短切换时延。另外，第一设备通过接收路径标识与目的地址的对应关系，可以使得第一设备在接收到数据后，根据数据的目的地址确定用于转发该数据的路径，并将该路径对应的路径标识携带在数据中发送给下一跳网元。
一种可能的设计中，第一路径为第一GTP-U路径；第二路径为第二GTP-U路径。
基于该可能的设计，第一设备可以在进行数据传输时，将路径标识携带在数据的GTP-U包头中发送给下一跳网元。
一种可能的设计中，第一路径包括中间用户面网元。
一种可能的设计中，路径标识包括第一路径标识和第二路径标识；其中，第一路径标识用于指示接入网网元到中间用户面网元的路径；第二路径标识用于指示中间用户面网元到用户面网元的路径。
基于上述两种可能的设计，当存在中间用户面网元时，中间用户面网元可以根据路径标识进行数据转发。相比于中间用户面网元根据不同的PDU会话对应的终端数据的不同的目的地址，建立不同的转发条目相比，本申请实施例中，中间用户面网元可以直接根据路径标识，建立路径标识对应的转发条目，减少中间用户面网元上的转发条目，降低中间用户面网元的开销。
一种可能的设计中，第一设备接收来自会话管理网元的路径标识对应的路径信息；其中，路径信息包括第一路径对应的接入网网元的标识信息和用户面网元的标识信息。
基于该可能的设计，第一设备可以根据路径信息确定第一路径对应的接入网网元和用户面网元，便于第一设备进行数据转发时，根据路径信息确定下一跳网元。
一种可能的设计中，路径信息包括用户面网元的隧道信息和/或接入网网元的隧道信息。
基于该可能的设计，当路径信息包括用户面网元的隧道信息和/或接入网网元的隧道信息时，可以使得用户面网元和接入网网元根据对方的隧道信息建立通信连接，便于后续进行数据传输。
第九方面，提供了一种通信装置，通信装置可以实现上述第八方面或者第八方面可能的设计中第一设备所执行的功能，所述功能可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。所述硬件或软件包括一个或多个上述功能相应的模块。如，接收模块和发送模块。接收模块，用于接收来自会话管理网元的路径标识；其中，第一设备包括协议数据单元PDU会话对应的接入网网元和PDU会话对应的用户面网元；PDU会话对应第一终端；路径标识用于指示接入网网元到用户面网元的第一路径；第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径，第二路径为会话管理网元预先为第二终端建立的PDU会话对应的路径。接收模块，还用于接收来自会话管理网元的路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息；接收模块，还用于获取第一终端的包括目的地址的数据；发送模块，用于根据数据的目的地址，将目的地址对应的路径标识携带在数据中，通过目的地址对应的路径进行转发。
其中，该通信装置的具体实现方式可参考第八方面或者第八方面的任一种可能的设计提供的报文转发方法中第一设备的行为功能，基于第九方面所述的通信装置，当第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径时，第一设备可以通过接收来自会话管理网元的路径标识，而不用重新建立第一路径中与第二路径相同的部分路径，从而减小信令开销，缩短切换时延。另外，第一设备通过接收路径标识与目的地址的对应关系，可以使得第一设备在接收到数据后，根据数据的目的地址确定用于转发该数据的路径，并将该路径对应的路径标识携带在数据中发送给下一跳网元。
一种可能的设计中，第一路径为第一GTP-U路径；第二路径为第二GTP-U路径。
基于该可能的设计，第一设备可以在进行数据传输时，将路径标识携带在数据的GTP-U包头中发送给下一跳网元。
一种可能的设计中，第一路径包括中间用户面网元。
一种可能的设计中，路径标识包括第一路径标识和第二路径标识；其中，第一路径标识用于指示接入网网元到中间用户面网元的路径；第二路径标识用于指示中间用户面网元到用户面网元的路径。
基于上述两种可能的设计，当存在中间用户面网元时，中间用户面网元可以根据路径标识进行数据转发。相比于中间用户面网元根据不同的PDU会话对应的终端数据的不同的目的地址，建立不同的转发条目相比，本申请实施例中，中间用户面网元可以直接根据路径标识，建立路径标识对应的转发条目，减少中间用户面网元上的转发条目，降低中间用户面网元的开销。
一种可能的设计中，接收模块，还用于接收来自会话管理网元的路径标识对应的路径信息；其中，路径信息包括第一路径对应的接入网网元的标识信息和用户面网元的标识信 息。
基于该可能的设计，第一设备可以根据路径信息确定第一路径对应的接入网网元和用户面网元，便于第一设备进行数据转发时，根据路径信息确定下一跳网元。
一种可能的设计中，路径信息包括用户面网元的隧道信息和/或接入网网元的隧道信息。
基于该可能的设计，当路径信息包括用户面网元的隧道信息和/或接入网网元的隧道信息时，可以使得用户面网元和接入网网元根据对方的隧道信息建立通信连接，便于后续进行数据传输。
第十方面，提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置可以为第一设备或者第一设备中的芯片或者片上系统。该通信装置可以实现上述各方面或者各可能的设计中第一设备所执行的功能，所述功能可以通过硬件实现。一种可能的设计中，该通信装置可以包括：收发器。收发器可以用于支持通信装置实现上述第八方面或者第八方面的任一种可能的设计中所涉及的功能。例如：收发器可以用于接收来自会话管理网元的路径标识；其中，第一设备包括协议数据单元PDU会话对应的接入网网元和PDU会话对应的用户面网元；PDU会话对应第一终端；路径标识用于指示接入网网元到用户面网元的第一路径；第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径，第二路径为会话管理网元预先为第二终端建立的PDU会话对应的路径；收发器，还可以用于接收来自会话管理网元的路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息；收发器，还可以用于获取第一终端的包括目的地址的数据；收发器，还可以用于根据数据的目的地址，将目的地址对应的路径标识携带在数据中，通过目的地址对应的路径进行转发。在又一种可能的设计中，所述通信装置还可以包括存储器，存储器，用于保存通信装置必要的计算机执行指令和数据。当该通信装置运行时，该收发器执行该存储器存储的该计算机执行指令，以使该通信装置执行如上述第八方面或者第八方面的任一种可能的设计所述的报文转发方法。
其中，该通信装置的具体实现方式可参考第八方面或第八方面的任一种可能的设计提供的报文转发方法中第一设备的行为功能。
第十一方面，提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置包括一个或多个处理器和一个或多个存储器；一个或多个存储器与一个或多个处理器耦合，一个或多个存储器用于存储计算机程序代码或计算机指令；当一个或多个处理器执行计算机指令时，使得通信装置执行如第八方面或者第八方面的任一可能的设计所述的报文转发方法。
第十二方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机指令或程序，当计算机指令或程序在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如第八方面或者第八方面的任一可能的设计所述的报文转发方法。
第十三方面，提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如第八方面或者第八方面的任一可能的设计所述的报文转发方法。
第十四方面，提供了一种芯片系统，所述芯片系统包括一个或多个处理器和一个或多个存储器；一个或多个存储器与一个或多个处理器耦合，一个或多个存储器中存储有计算机程序代码或计算机指令；当所述一个或多个处理器执行所述计算机程序代码或计算机指令时，使得所述芯片系统执行如第八方面或者第八方面的任一可能的设计所述的报文转发方法。
其中，第十方面至第十四方面中任一种设计方式所带来的技术效果可参见上述第八方 面至第九方面的任一种可能的设计所带来的技术效果，不予赘述。
第十五方面，提供了一种通信系统，该通信系统包括如第二方面至第三方面的任一方面所述的通信装置以及如第八方面至第九方面任一方面所述通信装置。
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图1a为本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统的简化示意图；
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图2为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种报文转发方法的流程图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统的简化示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的组成示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的组成示意图。
具体实施方式
在描述本申请实施例之前，对本申请实施例涉及的技术术语进行描述。
协议数据单元(protocal data unit，PDU)会话，是用于向终端传输数据的传输路径(或称为传输隧道(tunnel))，PDU会话可以包括数据网络到核心网网元(如用户面网元)、再到接入网网元的传输路径、以及接入网网元分配的用于向某个特定终端发送数据的空口资源。接入网网元接收到PDU会话上传输来的数据后，在空口上，接入网网元可以通过点对点(point to point，PTP)的单播方式将数据发送给该PDU会话对应的终端。一个PDU会话面向一个终端，PDU会话是用户设备(user equipment，UE)级别的，一个终端对应一个或多个PDU会话。
其中，会话管理网元为终端建立PDU会话的具体流程包括：
步骤101、终端通过接入网网元向移动性管理网元发送会话建立请求。相应的，移动性管理网元接收会话建立请求。
其中，会话建立请求用于请求建立终端对应的PDU会话。
可选的，终端还通过接入网网元向移动性管理网元发送PDU会话的标识信息，其中，PDU会话的标识信息用于标识PDU会话。
可选的，会话建立请求和PDU会话的标识信息携带在非接入层消息(non access stratum message，NAS message)中发送给移动性管理网元。
可选的，终端还通过接入网网元向移动性管理网元发送终端的位置信息。
步骤102、移动性管理网元向会话管理网元发送创建会话上下文请求消息。相应的，会话管理网元接收创建会话上下文请求消息。
其中，创建会话上下文请求消息可以包括终端的标识信息、PDU会话的标识信息和会话建立请求。
可选的，创建会话上下文请求消息还包括终端的位置信息。
步骤103、会话管理网元向策略控制网元发送策略创建请求。相应的，策略控制网元接收策略创建请求。
其中，策略创建请求可以包括终端的标识信息和PDU会话的标识信息。
步骤104、策略控制网元向会话管理网元发送策略创建请求响应。相应的，会话管理网元接收策略创建请求响应。
其中，策略创建请求响应中可以包括终端对应的业务的标识信息，业务对应的QoS参数或优先级等。其中，QoS参数可以为带宽、时延等。
步骤105、会话管理网元向用户面网元发送N4会话建立请求。相应的，用户面网元接收N4会话建立请求。
可选的，会话管理网元根据终端的位置信息为终端确定PDU会话对应的用户面网元。
步骤106、用户面网元向会话管理网元发送N4会话建立请求响应。相应的，会话管理网元接收N4会话建立请求响应。
其中，N4会话建立请求响应包括用户面网元的隧道信息。
步骤107、会话管理网元向移动性管理网元发送N1N2信息传送消息。相应的，移动性管理网元接收N1N2信息传送消息。
其中，N1N2信息传送消息为Namf_Communication_N1N2Message Transfer，该消息可以包括会话标识、用户面网元的隧道信息和会话建立接受信息；会话建立接受信息用于指示接受终端发送的会话建立请求。
步骤108、移动性管理网元向接入网网元发送N2会话请求(N2 request)。相应的，接入网网元接收N2会话请求。
其中，N2会话请求可以包括PDU会话的标识信息、用户面网元的隧道信息和会话建立接受信息。
步骤109、接入网网元向终端发送无线连接建立请求。相应的，终端接收无线连接建立请求。
其中，接入网网元可以根据N2会话请求为终端对应的PDU会话分配空口资源。
可选的，无线连接建立请求可以包括会话建立接受信息。
步骤110、接入网网元通过移动性管理网元向会话管理网元发送接入网网元的隧道信息。相应的，会话管理网元接收接入网网元的隧道信息。
步骤111、会话管理网元向用户面网元发送N4会话修改请求。相应的，用户面网元接收N4会话修改请求。
其中，N4会话修改请求可以包括接入网网元的隧道信息。
会话管理网元通过将接入网网元的隧道信息发送给用户面网元，将用户面网元的隧道信息发送给接入网网元，便于接入网网元与用户面网元建立会话隧道，完成PDU会话建立流程。
当终端从源接入网网元移动到目标接入网网元时，会话管理网元可以对终端对应的PDU会话进行修改，以使终端根据修改后的PDU会话将数据通过目标接入网网元发送给用户面网元。但是，会话管理网元在对终端的PDU会话进行修改时，需要多次在切换后的路径对应的接入网网元、以及各个用户面网元之间交互隧道信息，以建立会话隧道，信令开销较大，切换时延较长。
为解决该问题，本申请实施例提供了一种报文转发方法，其中，会话管理网元可以通过向接入网网元或用户面网元发送路径标识，使得接入网网元或者用户面网元根据路径标识将第一终端的数据通过第一路径发送给下一跳网元。与会话管理网元多次在切换后的路径对应的接入网网元、以及各个用户面网元之间交互隧道信息，建立会话隧道相比，本申请实施例中，当第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径时，会话管理网元可以通过向接 入网网元或者用户面网元发送路径标识，而不用重新建立第一路径中与第二路径相同的部分路径，从而减小信令开销，缩短切换时延。且当存在中间用户面网元时，相比于中间用户面网元根据不同的PDU会话对应的终端数据的不同的目的地址，建立不同的转发条目相比，本申请实施例中，中间用户面网元可以直接根据路径标识，建立路径标识对应的转发条目，减少中间用户面网元上的转发条目，降低中间用户面网元的开销。
下面结合说明书附图对本申请实施例的实施方式进行详细描述。
本申请实施例提供的报文转发方法可用于任一通信系统，该通信系统可以为第三代合作伙伴计划(third generation partnership project，3GPP)通信系统，例如，长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)系统，又可以为第五代(fifth generation，5G)移动通信系统、新空口(new radio，NR)系统、NR V2X系统以及其他下一代通信系统，也可以为非3GPP通信系统，不予限制。
本申请实施例提供的报文转发方法可以应用于各种通信场景，例如可以应用于以下通信场景中的一种或多种：增强移动宽带(enhanced mobile broadband，eMBB)、超可靠低时延通信(ultra reliable low latency communication，URLLC)、机器类型通信(machine type communication，MTC)、大规模机器类型通信(massive machine type communications，mMTC)、设备到设备(device to device，D2D)、车辆外联(vehicle to everything，V2X)、车辆到车辆(vehicle to vehicle，V2V)、和物联网(internet of things，IoT)等。下面以图1a为例，对本申请实施例提供的报文转发方法进行描述。
图1a为本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统的示意图，如图1a所示，该通信系统可以包括至少一个终端、至少一个接入网网元、移动性管理网元、会话管理网元、策略控制网元、用户面网元和数据网络(data network，DN)。
其中，图1a中终端可以位于接入网网元的小区覆盖范围内。其中，终端可以通过上行链路(uplink，UL)与接入网网元进行空口通信，在UL方向上，终端向接入网网元发送数据，接入网网元将接收到的数据转发给核心网网元，由核心网网元对该数据进行处理，并将处理后的数据通过N6接口发送给应用服务器；在DL方向上，应用服务器向核心网网元发送下行数据，由核心网网元对该数据处理，并将处理后的数据通过N3接口发送给接入网网元，接入网网元对该数据进行处理后，通过空口发送至终端。如：终端在UL方向上通过上行链路物理层共享信道(physical sidelink share channel，PUSCH)向接入网网元发送上行数据，接入网网元将接收到的上行数据转发给核心网网元，核心网网元对该上行数据进行处理，将处理后的上行数据通过N6接口发送给应用服务器；其中，转发终端至核心网网元的上行数据的接入网网元与转发核心网网元至终端的下行数据的接入网网元可以是同一个接入网网元，也可以是不同的接入网网元。
终端也可以通过特定接口与核心网网元进行通信，如：终端可以通过N1接口与核心网网元中的移动性管理网元进行通信。
会话管理网元可以在终端在接入网络后为终端建立PDU会话，终端通过PDU会话访问外部数据网络DN，与部署在DN中的应用服务器进行交互，如图1a所示，根据终端访问的DN不同，网络可以根据网络策略选择接入DN的用户面PDU会话的锚点，即协议数据单元锚点(PDU session anchor，PSA)，通过PSA的N6接口访问应用服务器，同一个应用的应用服务器可以部署在多个位置，网络可以根据用户设备的接入位置，选择靠近用 户设备同时又能支持用户设备访问DN的PSA，以减少路由迂回，降低网络延迟。
其中，图1a中的终端(terminal)可以称为用户设备(user equipment，UE)或者移动台(mobile station，MS)或者移动终端(mobile terminal，MT)等。具体的，图1a中的终端可以是手机(mobile phone)、平板电脑或带无线收发功能的电脑。还可以是虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)终端、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)终端、工业控制中的无线终端、无人驾驶中的无线终端、远程医疗中的无线终端、智能电网中的无线终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端、智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端、车载终端、具有车对车(vehicle-to-vehicle，V2V)通信能力的车辆、智能网联车、有无人机对无人机(UAV to UAV，U2U)通信能力的无人机等等，不予限制。
图1a中的接入网网元可以是任意一种具有无线收发功能的设备，主要用于实现无线物理控制功能、资源调度和无线资源管理、无线接入控制以及移动性管理等功能。具体的，接入网网元可以为支持有线接入的设备，也可以为支持无线接入的设备。示例性的，该接入网网元可以为接入网(access network，AN)/无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)设备，由多个5G-AN/5G-RAN节点组成。5G-AN/5G-RAN节点可以为：接入点(access point，AP)、基站(nodeB，NB)、增强型基站(enhance nodeB，eNB)、下一代基站(NR nodeB，gNB)、传输接收点(transmission reception point，TRP)、传输点(transmission point，TP)或某种其它接入节点等。
图1a中的移动性管理网元，主要负责用户设备的接入认证、移动性管理、各个功能网元间的信令交互等工作，如：对用户的注册状态、用户的连接状态、用户注册入网、跟踪区更新、小区切换用户认证和密钥安全等进行管理。
图1a中的会话管理网元，可以称为会话管理功能或者多播/组播业务管理功能(multicast/broadcast-service management function，MB-SMF)或者多播会话管理网元等，不予限制。会话管理网元主要用于实现用户面传输逻辑通道，如：协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)会话的建立、释放和更改等会话管理功能。
图1a中的策略控制网元，可以用于向移动性管理网元、会话管理网元提供策略，如：服务质量(quality of service)策略等等。
图1a中的用户面网元，可以称为PDU会话锚点(PSA)、用户面功能或者多播/组播用户面功能(multicast/broadcast user plane fuction，MB-UPF)。用户面网元可以作为用户面传输逻辑通道上的锚点，主要用于完成用户面数据的路由转发等功能，如：与终端之间建立通道(即用户面传输逻辑通道)，在该通道上转发终端和DN之间的数据包以及负责对终端的数据报文过滤、数据转发、速率控制、生成计费信息等。多播/组播(multicast/broadcast，MB)业务控制器(MB service controller)，具有群组管理、安全管理以及业务公告等业务管理功能。
图1a中的数据网络DN，可以为向用户提供数据传输服务的运营商网络，如：可以为向用户提供IP多媒体业务(IP multi-media service，IMS)的运营商网络等。DN中可以部署有应用服务器(application server，AS)，该应用服务器可以向用户提供数据传输服务。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例的终端、接入网网元以及核心网网元都可以为一个或多个芯片，也可以为片上系统(system on chip，SOC)等。图1a仅为示例性附图，其包括的设备数量不受限制。此外，除图1a所示设备之外，该通信系统还可以包括其他设备。图 1a中各个设备的名称、各个链路的命名不受限制，除图1a所示名称之外，各个设备、各个链路还可以命名为其他名称。除图1a所示网元外，图1a所示网络还可以包括应用功能网元、网络切片选择网元、网络仓库网元、认证服务网元、网络存储网元、网络数据分析网元、网络开放网元等，不予限制。
具体的，图1a所示通信系统可以为第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)中的通信系统，例如，可以为长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)通信系统，或者，第四代(4th generation，4G)通信系统、或者，第五代(5th generation，5G)通信系统或者新空口(new radio，NR)通信系统，也可以是非3GPP通信系统，不予限制。
以图1a所示的通信系统为5G通信系统为例，如图1b所示，上述接入网网元对应的网元或者实体可以为5G通信系统中的无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)、移动性管理网元对应的网元或者实体可以为5G通信系统中的接入和移动性管理功能(access and mobility management function，AMF)、会话管理网元所对应的网元或者实体可以为5G通信系统中的会话管理功能(session management function，SMF)、策略控制网元可以为5G通信系统中的策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF)、用户面网元所对应的网元或者实体可以为5G通信系统中的用户面功能(user plane function，UPF)、应用功能网元对应的网元或者实体可以为5G通信系统中的应用功能(application function，AF)、网络切片选择网元对应的网元或实体可以为5G通信系统中的网络切片选择功能(network slice selection function，NSSF)、网络仓库网元对应的网元或实体可以为5G通信系统中的网络仓库功能(network repository function，NRF)、鉴权服务网元对应的网元或实体可以为5G通信系统中的鉴权服务功能(authentication server function，AUSF)、网络存储网元对应的网元或者实体可以为5G通信系统中的NRF或者统一数据仓库(unified data repository，UDR)或者统一数据管理(unified data management，UDM)、网络数据分析网元对应的网元或者实体可以为5G通信系统中的网络数据分析功能(network data analytics function，NWDAF)、网络开放网元对应的网元或者实体可以为5G通信系统中的网络开放功能(network exposure function，NEF)、业务控制网元对应的网元或实体可以为5G通信系统中的业务控制点(service control point，SCP)等。
其中，如图1b所示，终端通过下一代网络(next generation，N)1接口(简称N1)与AMF通信，RAN设备通过N2接口(简称N2)与AMF通信，RAN设备通过N3接口(简称N3)与UPF通信，UPF通过N6接口与DN中的应用服务器通信。核心网网元之间可以通过服务化接口相互通信，如：AMF可以通过Namf接口与其他核心网网元通信，SMF可以通过Nsmf接口与其他核心网网元通信，PCF可以通过Npcf接口与其他核心网网元通信，NSSF可以通过Nnssf接口与其他核心网网元通信，NEF可以通过Nnef接口与其他核心网网元通信，NRF可以通过Nnrf接口与其他核心网网元通信，UDM可以通过Nudr接口与其他核心网网元通信，NWDAF可以通过Nnwdaf接口与其他核心网网元通信，AUSF可以通过Nausf接口与其他核心网网元通信。
具体实现时，图1a所示，如：各个终端、接入网网元和核心网网元均可以采用图2所示的组成结构，或者包括图2所示的部件。图2为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置200的组成示意图，该通信装置200可以为终端或者终端中的芯片或者片上系统；也可以为接入网网元或者接入网网元中的芯片或者片上系统；也可以为核心网网元或者核心网网元中 的芯片或者片上系统。如图2所示，该通信装置200包括处理器201，收发器202以及通信线路203。
进一步的，该通信装置200还可以包括存储器204。其中，处理器201，存储器204以及收发器202之间可以通过通信线路203连接。
其中，处理器201是中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)、通用处理器网络处理器(network processor，NP)、数字信号处理器(digital signal processing，DSP)、微处理器、微控制器、可编程逻辑器件(programmable logic device，PLD)或它们的任意组合。处理器201还可以是其它具有处理功能的装置，例如电路、器件或软件模块，不予限制。
收发器202，用于与其他设备或其它通信网络进行通信。该其它通信网络可以为以太网，无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)，无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)等。收发器202可以是模块、电路、收发器或者任何能够实现通信的装置。
通信线路203，用于在通信装置200所包括的各部件之间传送信息。
存储器204，用于存储指令。其中，指令可以是计算机程序。
其中，存储器204可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和/或指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，也可以是随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或可存储信息和/或指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，还可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或其他磁存储设备等，不予限制。
需要指出的是，存储器204可以独立于处理器201存在，也可以和处理器201集成在一起。存储器204可以用于存储指令或者程序代码或者一些数据等。存储器204可以位于通信装置200内，也可以位于通信装置200外，不予限制。处理器201，用于执行存储器204中存储的指令，以实现本申请下述实施例提供的报文转发方法。
在一种示例中，处理器201可以包括一个或多个CPU，例如图2中的CPU0和CPU1。
作为一种可选的实现方式，通信装置200包括多个处理器，例如，除图2中的处理器201之外，还可以包括处理器207。
作为一种可选的实现方式，通信装置200还包括输出设备205和输入设备206。示例性地，输入设备206是键盘、鼠标、麦克风或操作杆等设备，输出设备205是显示屏、扬声器(speaker)等设备。
需要指出的是，通信装置200可以是台式机、便携式电脑、网络服务器、移动手机、平板电脑、无线终端、嵌入式设备、芯片系统或有图2中类似结构的设备。此外，图3中示出的组成结构并不构成对该通信装置的限定，除图2所示部件之外，该通信装置可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者不同的部件布置。
本申请实施例中，芯片系统可以由芯片构成，也可以包括芯片和其他分立器件。
此外，本申请的各实施例之间涉及的动作、术语等均可以相互参考，不予限制。本申请的实施例中各个设备之间交互的消息名称或消息中的参数名称等只是一个示例，具体实现中也可以采用其他的名称，不予限制。
下面结合图1a所示通信系统，对本申请实施例提供的报文转发方法进行描述，其中，第一终端可以为通信系统中的任一终端，会话管理网元可以为通信系统中任一会话管理网 元，移动性管理网元可以为通信系统中任一移动性管理网元，用户面网元可以为通信系统中的任一用户面网元，下述实施例所述的第一终端、会话管理网元、移动性管理网元、目标接入网网元、用户面网元均可以具备图2所示部件。
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种报文转发方法的流程图，如图3所示，该方法可以包括：
步骤301、会话管理网元为第一终端建立PDU会话。
具体的，当第一终端通过源接入网网元接入网络时，会话管理网元可以参照上述步骤101至步骤111为第一终端建立PDU会话，以使第一终端在进行数据传输时，根据PDU会话将数据通过源接入网网元发送至用户面网元。
示例性的，第一终端可以基于PDU会话与数据网络中的应用服务器进行通信，第一终端可以基于PDU会话将目的地址为应用服务器的数据发送给用户面网元，用户面网元根据数据的目的地址将数据发送给目的地址对应的应用服务器。第一终端也可以基于PDU会话与通信系统中的其他终端进行通信，以第一终端与第三终端进行通信为例，假设会话管理网元为第一终端建立的PDU会话对应第一用户面网元，为第三终端建立的PDU会话对应第三用户面网元，第一终端可以基于PDU会话将目的地址为第三终端的数据发送给第一用户面网元，第一用户面网元将数据转发给第三用户面网元，第三用户面网元通过第三终端对应的PDU会话将数据转发给第三终端。
步骤302、第一终端从源接入网网元切换到目标接入网网元。
具体的，当第一终端在通信过程中不断移动，导致第一终端从源接入网网元切换到目标接入网网元时，源接入网网元可以将第一终端的标识信息和第一终端对应的PDU会话的标识信息发送给目标接入网网元。
需要说明的是，第一终端从源接入网网元切换到目标接入网网元的过程可以参照现有技术对终端在不同接入网网元之间切换的描述，不予赘述。
步骤303、目标接入网网元通过移动性管理网元向会话管理网元发送第一请求。
其中，第一请求可以包括第一终端对应的目标接入网网元的标识信息和第一终端对应的PDU会话的标识信息。
具体的，目标接入网网元可以通过移动性管理网元向会话管理网元发送第一请求，以告知会话管理网元第一终端已经切换到目标接入网网元，需要对第一终端的PDU会话进行修改，以使第一终端根据修改后的PDU会话通过目标接入网网元将数据发送至用户面网元。
可选的，目标接入网网元将第一请求携带在N2路径切换请求中发送给移动性管理网元，移动性管理网元接收到第一请求后，将第一请求携带在PDU会话修改请求中发送给会话管理网元。
可选的，目标接入网网元还将第一终端的位置信息通过移动性管理网元发送给会话管理网元。
步骤304、会话管理网元根据第一请求，确定路径标识。
其中，路径标识用于指示目标接入网网元到PDU会话对应的用户面网元的第一路径；第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径；第二路径为会话管理网元预先为第二终端建立PDU会话对应的路径。该第二路径为第二终端的PDU会话对应的接入网网元到第二终端 的PDU会话对应的用户面网元的路径，第二终端可以为通信系统中除第一终端以外的任一终端。
具体的，会话管理网元可以根据第一请求确定第一路径，并根据第一路径确定第一路径标识。
示例性的，会话管理网元可以根据第一请求，判断用户面网元是否可以继续为第一终端提供PDU会话服务，如果可以，则确定第一路径包括目标接入网网元和用户面网元。如果不可以，则为第一终端确定中间用户面网元，中间用户面网元用于将第一终端的数据从目标接入网网元转发至用户面网元，此时，确定第一路径包括目标接入网网元、中间用户面网元和用户面网元。
可选的，会话管理网元根据第一终端的位置信息为第一终端确定中间用户面网元。
例如，参照图4，以UE1由RAN1切换到RAN2，且会话管理网元SMF为UE1建立的PDU会话对应的用户面网元为UPF1为例，SMF可以根据第一终端的位置信息确定UPF1是否可以继续为UE1提供PDU会话服务，如果可以，则确定第一路径包括RAN2和UPF1，如果不可以，SMF可以根据UE1的位置信息为UE1确定中间UPF，假设SMF为UE1确定的中间UPF为UPF2，则确定第一路径包括RAN2、UPF2和UPF1。
示例性的，会话管理网元可以根据确定的第一路径，判断第一路径是否包括第二路径的部分或全部路径，根据判断结果确定第一路径的路径标识。
一种可能的设计中，会话管理网元根据第一路径，确定第一路径包括第二路径的全部路径，则会话管理网元根据第二路径的路径标识确定第一路径的路径标识。其中，第一路径包括第二路径的全部路径可以理解为第一路径与第二路径相同，也可以理解为第一路径的部分路径与第二路径相同。
具体的，当第一路径与第二路径相同时，会话管理网元可以将第二路径的路径标识确定为第一路径的路径标识。
其中，第一路径与第二路径相同可以指第一路径与第二路径共享相同的网元，也可以描述为第一路径对应的各个网元与第二路径对应的各个网元相同。
例如，参照图4，以会话管理网元SMF为UE2建立的PDU会话对应的第二路径包括RAN2和UPF1为例，假设SMF确定UE1对应的第一路径包括RAN2和UPF1，则确定第一路径与第二路径相同，将第二路径的路径标识确定为第一路径的路径标识。
又例如，参照图4，以SMF为UE2建立的PDU会话对应的第二路径包括RAN2、UPF2和UPF1为例，假设SMF确定UE1对应的第一路径包括RAN2、UPF2和UPF1，则确定第一路径与第二路径相同，将第二路径的路径标识确定为第一路径的路径标识。
具体的，当第一路径的部分路径与第二路径相同时，会话管理网元可以将第二路径的路径标识作为第一路径的部分路径的第一路径标识，同时，会话管理网元还可以为第一路径的另外部分路径设置第二路径标识，将第一路径标识和第二路径标识作为第一路径的路径标识。
其中，第一路径的部分路径与第二路径相同可以指第一路径的部分路径与第二路径共享相同的网元，也可以描述为第一路径对应的目标接入网网元与第二路径对应的接入网网元为同一个接入网网元，第一路径对应的中间用户面网元与第二路径对应的用户面网元为同一个用户面网元，此时，会话管理网元可以将第二路径的标识信息作为第一路径中目标 接入网网元到中间用户面网元之间的路径的第一路径标识。会话管理网元还可以为中间用户面网元与用户面网元建立通信连接，并设置中间用户面网元与用户面网元之间的路径的第二路径标识，将第一路径标识与第二路径标识作为第一路径的路径标识。
例如，参照图4，以会话管理网元SMF为UE2建立的PDU会话对应的第二路径包括RAN2和UPF2为例，假设SMF确定UE1对应的第一路径包括RAN2、UPF2和UPF1，则可以确定第一路径的路径标识包括两部分，一部分是根据第二路径的路径标识确定的第一路径标识，一部分是会话管理网元为UPF2和UPF1之间的路径设置的第二路径标识。
需要说明的是，会话管理网元为中间用户面网元与用户面网元建立通信连接时，可以在中间用户面网元与用户面网元之间交换设备的标识信息，以基于设备层面建立中间用户面网元与用户面网元之间的通信连接。例如，会话管理网元可以将中间用户面网元的标识信息发送给用户面网元，将用户面网元的标识信息发送给中间用户面网元，以建立中间用户面网元与用户面网元之间的通信连接。其中，设备的标识信息可以包括设备的媒体访问控制(media access control，MAC)地址、设备的互联网协议(internet protocol，IP)地址、设备的身份(identity，ID)信息等用于标识设备的信息。
又一种可能的设计，会话管理网元根据第一路径，确定第一路径包括第二路径的部分路径，则会话管理网元根据第二路径的路径标识确定第一路径的路径标识。其中，第一路径包括第二路径的部分路径可以理解为第一路径与第二路径的部分路径相同，也可以理解为第一路径的部分路径与第二路径的部分路径相同。
具体的，当第一路径与第二路径的部分路径相同时，会话管理网元可以将第二路径的路径标识中与第一路径相同的部分路径的路径标识确定为第一路径的路径标识。
其中，第一路径与第二路径的部分路径相同可以指第一路径与第二路径的部分路径共享相同的网元，也可以描述为第一路径对应的各个网元与第二路径的部分路径对应的各个网元相同。
例如，参照图4，以会话管理网元SMF为UE2建立的PDU会话对应的第二路径包括RAN2、UPF2和UPF1为例，假设SMF确定UE1对应的第一路径包括RAN2和UPF2，则确定第一路径与第二路径中RAN2到UPF2之间的路径相同，将第二路径的路径标识中RAN2到UPF2之间的路径对应的路径标识确定为第一路径的路径标识。
具体的，当第一路径的部分路径与第二路径的部分路径相同时，会话管理网元可以将第二路径中，与第一路径的部分路径相同的部分路径的路径标识作为第一路径的第一路径标识，同时，会话管理网元还可以为第一路径的另外部分路径设置第二路径标识，将第一路径标识和第二路径标识作为第一路径的路径标识。
其中，第一路径的部分路径与第二路径的部分路径相同可以指第一路径的部分路径与第二路径的部分路径共享相同的网元，也可以描述为第一路径的部分路径对应的各个网元与第二路径的部分路径对应的各个网元相同。
例如，参照图4，以会话管理网元SMF为UE2建立的PDU会话对应的第二路径包括RAN2、UPF2和UPF1为例，假设SMF确定UE1对应的第一路径包括RAN2、UPF2和UPF3，则确定第一路径中RAN2到UPF2之间的路径与第二路径中RAN2到UPF2之间的路径相同，将第二路径的路径标识中RAN2到UPF2之间的路径对应的路径标识确定为第一路径的第一路径标识。会话管理网元还可以为UPF2和UPF3建立通信连接，并设置第 二路径标识，将第一路径标识与第二路径标识作为第一路径的路径标识。
需要说明的是，会话管理网元为UPF2和UPF3建立通信连接的过程可以参照上述会话管理网元为中间用户面网元与用户面网元之间建立通信连接的过程，不予赘述。
又例如，以会话管理网元SMF为UE2建立的PDU会话对应的第二路径包括RAN2、UPF2和UPF1为例，假设SMF确定UE1对应的第一路径包括RAN3、UPF2和UPF1，则确定第一路径中UPF2和UPF1之间的路径与第二路径中UPF2和UPF1之间的路径相同，将第二路径的路径标识中UPF2和UPF1之间的路径对应的路径标识确定为第一路径的第一路径标识。会话管理网元还可以为RAN3和UPF2建立通信连接，并设置第二路径标识，将第一路径标识与第二路径标识作为第一路径的路径标识。
需要说明的是，会话管理网元为RAN3和UPF2建立通信连接的具体过程可以参照上述步骤105至步骤111，不予赘述。
再一种可能的设计，会话管理网元根据第一路径，确定第一路径不包括第二路径的部分或全部路径，则会话管理网元为第一终端建立第一路径，并为第一路径设置路径标识。
其中，会话管理网元为第一终端建立第一路径时，建立目标接入网网元与用户面网元之间的通信连接的具体过程，或者建立目标接入网网元与中间用户面网元之间的通信连接的具体过程可以参照上述步骤105至步骤111，不予赘述，建立中间用户面网与用户面网元之间的通信连接可以参照上述会话管理网元为中间用户面网元与用户面网元之间建立通信连接的过程，不予赘述。
步骤305、会话管理网元将路径标识、以及路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息通过移动性管理网元发送给目标接入网网元。
其中，会话管理网元通过将路径标识通过移动性管理网元发送给目标接入网网元，可以使得目标接入网网元在接收到第一终端的数据后，将数据通过路径标识对应的第一路径发送给用户面网元。会话管理网元还将路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息发送给目标接入网网元，以使目标接入网网元在接收到第一终端的数据后，对第一终端的数据进行解析，得到数据的目的地址，根据数据的目的地址确定用于转发该数据的路径。
可选的，会话管理网元还将路径标识对应的路径信息发送给目标接入网网元；其中，路径信息包括第一路径对应的接入网网元的标识信息和用户面网元的标识信息。当第一路径包括中间用户面网元时，路径信息还包括中间用户面网元的标识信息。
可选的，上述步骤305还包括下述步骤305a。
可替换的，上述步骤305也可以被替换成下述步骤305a。
需要说明的是，当上述步骤305包括下述步骤305a时，可以执行下述步骤306；当上述步骤305被替换成下述步骤305a时，可以执行下述步骤307至步骤309。
步骤305a、会话管理网元将路径标识、以及路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息发送给第一路径对应的用户面网元。
具体的，会话管理网元将路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息发送给用户面网元，可以使得用户面网元在接收到第一终端的数据后，对第一终端的数据进行解析，得到数据的目的地址，根据数据的目的地址确定用于转发该数据的路径。
其中，当第一路径包括中间用户面网元时，会话管理网元还可以将路径标识发送给中间用户面网元。
可选的，会话管理网元该将第一路径的路径信息发送给用户面网元，当存在中间用户面网元时，还将第一路径的路径信息发送给中间用户面网元。
可选的，路径信息还包括用户面网元的隧道信息和/或目标接入网网元的隧道信息。
具体的，当第一终端的PDU会话对应目标接入网网元和用户面网元时，参照上述步骤303，如果会话管理网元之前没有为目标接入网网元和用户面网元之间建立过通信连接，则会话管理网元可以将目标接入网网元的隧道信息携带在路径信息中发送给用户面网元，将用户面网元的隧道信息携带在路径信息中发送给目标接入网网元，以建立目标接入网网元与用户面网元之间的通信连接。
当存在中间用户面网元时，会话管理网元可以将目标接入网网元的隧道信息和用户面网元的隧道信息携带在路径信息中发送给中间用户面网元，将中间用户面网元的隧道信息携带在路径信息中分别发送给目标接入网网元和用户面网元，以建立目标接入网网元和中间用户面网元的通信连接，以及中间用户面网元与用户面网元之间的通信连接。
需要说明的是，如果第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径，会话管理网元可以不用将第一路径中，与第二路径的部分或全部路径相同的部分路径的路径信息发送给用户面网元和中间用户面网元。
可选的，会话管理网元根据PDU会话的标识信息，确定第一终端的标识信息；并将第一终端的标识信息发送给路径标识对应的用户面网元，以使用户面网元根据第一终端的标识信息确定第一终端对应的数据，进而实现对第一终端的数据的策略控制或计费等操作。
其中，第一终端的标识信息包括以下一种或多种：第一终端的MAC地址、第一终端对应的N4接口信息等。
需要说明的是，以第一终端与第二终端之间通过PDU会话进行通信为例，上述步骤305和/或步骤305a还可以被替换成下述步骤305b。
步骤305b、会话管理网元将路径标识、以及路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息发送给第二终端的PDU会话对应的用户面网元或接入网网元。
具体的，会话管理网元可以根据第一终端的PDU会话以及第二终端的PDU会话确定第一终端与第二终端之间的路径的路径标识，并将路径标识发送给第二终端的PDU会话对应的接入网网元或用户面网元。以使第二终端的PDU会话对应的接入网网元或用户面网元通过路径标识对应的路径，将路径标识发送给第一终端对应的PDU会话。
例如，参照图4，以UE1到UE2之间的路径依次包括RAN1、UPF1、UPF2和RAN2为例，会话管理网元可以根据UEI到UE2之间的路径确定路径标识，并将该路径标识发送给RAN2，以使RAN2通过该路径将路径标识依次发送给UPF2、UPF1和RAN1；或者会话管理网元将该路径标识发送给UPF2，以使UPF2通过该路径将路径标识依次发送给UPF1和RAN1，以及将该路径标识发送给RAN2。
步骤306、目标接入网网元根据路径标识，将第一终端的数据发送给用户面网元。
其中，目标接入网网元接收到来自第一终端的数据后，可以对第一终端的数据进行解析，得到数据的目的地址，根据该目的地址确定用于转发该数据的第一路径对应的路径标识，并将第一终端的数据和第一路径的路径标识通过第一路径发送给第一路径中目标接入网网元的下一跳网元。
具体的，目标接入网网元可以将路径标识封装在数据对应的用户层面的通用分组无线 服务技术隧道协议(general packet radio service tunnelling protocol for the user plane，GTP-U)包头中。
一种可能的设计中，当会话管理网元采用上述步骤305将第一路径的路径标识和路径信息通过移动性管理网元发送给目标接入网网元时，目标接入网网元可以将第一路径的路径标识、第一路径的路径信息携带在第一终端的数据中发送给第一路径中目标接入网网元的下一跳网元，下一跳网元根据第一路径的路径标识确定自身的下一跳网元，并将第一路径的路径标识、第一路径的路径信息携带在第一终端的数据中通过第一路径发送给自身的下一跳网元，直至将第一终端的数据发送给用户面网元。
需要说明的是，用户面网元接收到第一终端的数据后，根据第一路径的路径标识确定接收到的数据是第一终端的，可以根据预先为第一终端的数据设定的转发规则、计费规则等对第一终端的数据进行相应操作。
例如，参照图4，以会话管理网元为UE1建立的第一路径包括RAN2、UPF2和UPF1为例，假设会话管理网元将第一路径的路径标识和第一路径的路径信息通过移动性管理网元发送给RAN2，RAN2可以将第一路径的路径标识和第一路径的路径信息携带在UE1的数据中发送给UPF2，UPF2根据第一路径的路径信息确定UPF2在第一路径上的下一跳网元为UPF1，则将第一路径的路径标识和第一路径的路径信息携带在UE1的数据中发送给UPF1，UPF1根据第一路径的路径标识确定接收到的数据是UE1的，则可以根据预先为UE1的数据设定的转发规则、计费规则等对UE1的数据进行相应操作。
又一种可能的设计中，当会话管理网元采用上述步骤305和步骤305a将第一路径的路径标识和路径信息发送给目标接入网网元、中间用户面网元和用户面网元时，目标接入网网元可以将第一路径的路径标识携带在第一终端的数据中发送给第一路径中目标接入网网元的下一跳网元，下一跳网元根据第一路径的路径标识从原先存储的路径信息中确定自身的下一跳网元，并将第一路径的路径标识携带在第一终端的数据中通过第一路径发送给自身的下一跳网元，直至将第一终端的数据发送给用户面网元。
例如，参照图4，以会话管理网元为UE1建立的第一路径包括RAN2、UPF2和UPF1为例，假设会话管理网元将第一路径的路径标识和第一路径的路径信息采用上述步骤305和步骤305a发送给RAN2、UPF2和UPF1，则RAN2可以将第一路径的路径标识携带在UE1的数据中发送给UPF2，UPF2根据第一路径的路径标识从预先存储的路径信息中确定UPF2在第一路径上的下一跳网元为UPF1，将第一路径的路径标识携带在UE1的数据中发送给UPF1，UPF1根据第一路径的路径标识确定接收到的数据是UE1的，则可以根据预先为UE1的数据设定的转发规则、计费规则等对UE1的数据进行相应操作。
步骤307、目标接入网网元将第一终端的数据发送给用户面网元。相应的，用户面网元接收第一终端的数据。
其中，目标接入网网元接收到来自第一终端的数据后，可以不用对第一终端的数据进行解析，直接将该数据发送给用户面网元。
步骤308、用户面网元根据第一终端的数据的目的地址，确定路径标识。
其中，用户面网元接收到目标接入网网元发送的第一终端的数据后，可以对第一终端的数据进行解析，得到第一终端的数据的目的地址，根据该目的地址，确定路径标识。
例如，参照图4，以UE1对应的PDU会话包括RAN1和UPF1，UE2对应的PDU会 话包括RAN2和UPF2为例，假设UPF1从RAN1接收到UE1的数据，UPF1对该数据进行解析，发现该数据的目的地址对应UE2，则UPF1可以预先存储的目的地址与路径标识的对应关系，确定该目的地址对应的路径标识。
步骤309、用户面网元将路径标识携带在第一终端的数据中发送给下一跳网元。
具体的，用户面网元可以将路径标识封装在数据的GTP-U包头中。
需要说明的是，用户面网元将路径标识携带在第一终端的数据中发送给下一跳网元后，下一跳网元可以根据上述步骤308确定接收到的数据的目的地址对应的路径标识，并将确定的路径标识携带在数据中发送给自身的下一跳网元，直至数据被发送至目的地址。
基于图3所示的方法，会话管理网元通过向目标接入网网元或用户面网元发送路径标识，使得目标接入网网元或者用户面网元根据路径标识将第一终端的数据通过第一路径发送给下一跳网元。与会话管理网元多次在切换后的路径对应的目标接入网网元、以及各个用户面网元之间交互隧道信息，建立会话隧道相比，本申请实施例中，当第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径时，会话管理网元可以通过向目标接入网网元或者用户面网元发送路径标识，而不用重新建立第一路径中与第二路径相同的部分路径，从而减小信令开销，缩短切换时延。且当存在中间用户面网元时，相比于中间用户面网元根据不同的PDU会话对应的终端数据的不同的目的地址，建立不同的转发条目相比，本申请实施例中，中间用户面网元可以直接根据路径标识，建立路径标识对应的转发条目，减少中间用户面网元上的转发条目，降低中间用户面网元的开销。
需要说明的是，上述图3所示的方法描述了第一终端从源接入网网元切换到目标接入网网元后，会话管理网元对第一终端对应的PDU会话进行修改时，可以将第一路径的路径标识发送给第一终端修改后的PDU会话对应的目标接入网网元和用户面网元。会话管理网元也可以在为第一终端建立初始PDU会话时，参照上述图3所示的方法，将第一终端的PDU会话对应的路径的路径标识发送给第一终端的PDU会话对应的接入网网元和用户面网元，其中，第一终端的PDU会话对应的接入网网元执行的动作可以参照上述图3中目标接入网网元执行的动作，第一终端的PDU会话对应的用户面网元执行的动作可以参照上述图3中用户面网元执行的动作，不予赘述。
上述主要从设备之间交互的角度对本申请实施例提供的方案进行了介绍。可以理解的是，各个设备为了实现上述功能，其包含了执行各个功能相应的硬件结构和/或软件模块。本领域技术人员应该很容易意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的算法步骤，本申请能够以硬件或硬件和计算机软件的结合形式来实现。某个功能究竟以硬件还是计算机软件驱动硬件的方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
本申请实施例可以根据上述方法示例对各个网元进行功能模块的划分，例如，可以对应各个功能划分各个功能模块，也可以将两个或两个以上的功能集成在一个处理模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中对模块的划分是示意性的，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。
在采用对应各个功能划分各个功能模块的情况下，图5示出了一种通信装置，通信装 置50可以为会话管理网元或者会话管理网元中的芯片或者片上系统。该通信装置50可以用于执行上述实施例中涉及的会话管理网元的功能。图5所示通信装置50包括：发送模块501。
发送模块501，用于向第一设备发送路径标识；其中，第一设备包括PDU会话对应的接入网网元和PDU会话对应的用户面网元；PDU会话对应第一终端；路径标识用于指示接入网网元到用户面网元的第一路径；第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径，第二路径为会话管理网元预先为第二终端建立的PDU会话对应的路径；
发送模块501，还用于将路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息发送给第一设备；以使第一设备根据接收到的数据的目的地址，将目的地址对应的路径标识携带在数据中，通过目的地址对应的路径进行转发。
其中，该通信装置50的具体实现方式可参考图3所述报文转发方法中会话管理网元的行为功能。
一种可能的设计中，第一路径为第一GTP-U路径；第二路径为第二GTP-U路径。
一种可能的设计中，第一路径包括中间用户面网元。
一种可能的设计中，路径标识包括第一路径标识和第二路径标识；其中，第一路径标识用于指示接入网网元到中间用户面网元的路径；第二路径标识用于指示中间用户面网元到用户面网元的路径。
一种可能的设计中，发送模块501，还用于将路径标识对应的路径信息发送给第一设备；其中，路径信息包括第一路径对应的接入网网元的标识信息和用户面网元的标识信息。
一种可能的设计中，路径信息包括用户面网元的隧道信息和/或接入网网元的隧道信息。
作为又一种可实现方式，图5中的发送模块501可以由收发器代替，该收发器可以集成发送模块501的功能。进一步的，图5所示通信装置50还可以包括存储器。当发送模块501由收发器代替时，本申请实施例所涉及的通信装置50可以为图2所示通信装置。
在采用对应各个功能划分各个功能模块的情况下，图6示出了一种通信装置，通信装置60可以为第一设备或者第一设备中的芯片或者片上系统。该通信装置60可以用于执行上述实施例中涉及的第一设备的功能。图6所示通信装置60包括：接收模块601、发送模块602。
接收模块601，用于接收来自会话管理网元的路径标识；其中，第一设备包括协议数据单元PDU会话对应的接入网网元和PDU会话对应的用户面网元；PDU会话对应第一终端；路径标识用于指示接入网网元到用户面网元的第一路径；第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径，第二路径为会话管理网元预先为第二终端建立的PDU会话对应的路径；
接收模块601，还用于接收来自会话管理网元的路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息；
接收模块601，还用于获取第一终端的包括目的地址的数据；
发送模块602，还用于根据数据的目的地址，将数据通过数据的目的地址对应的路径进行转发。
其中，该通信装置60的具体实现方式可参考图3所述报文转发方法中第一设备的行为功能。
一种可能的设计中，第一路径为第一GTP-U路径；第二路径为第二GTP-U路径。
一种可能的设计中，第一路径包括中间用户面网元。
一种可能的设计中，路径标识包括第一路径标识和第二路径标识；其中，第一路径标识用于指示接入网网元到中间用户面网元的路径；第二路径标识用于指示中间用户面网元到用户面网元的路径。
一种可能的设计中，接收模块601，还用于接收来自会话管理网元的路径标识对应的路径信息；其中，路径信息包括第一路径对应的接入网网元的标识信息和用户面网元的标识信息。
一种可能的设计中，路径信息包括用户面网元的隧道信息和/或接入网网元的隧道信息。
作为又一种可实现方式，图6中的接收模块601可以由收发器代替，该收发器可以集成接收模块601的功能。进一步的，图6所示通信装置60还可以包括存储器。当接收模块601由收发器代替时，本申请实施例所涉及的通信装置60可以为图2所示通信装置。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质。上述方法实施例中的全部或者部分流程可以由计算机程序来指令相关的硬件完成，该程序可存储于上述计算机可读存储介质中，该程序在执行时，可包括如上述各方法实施例的流程。计算机可读存储介质可以是前述任一实施例的终端(包括数据发送端和/或数据接收端)的内部存储单元，例如终端的硬盘或内存。上述计算机可读存储介质也可以是上述终端的外部存储设备，例如上述终端上配备的插接式硬盘，智能存储卡(smart media card,SMC)，安全数字(secure digital,SD)卡，闪存卡(flash card)等。进一步地，上述计算机可读存储介质还可以既包括上述终端的内部存储单元也包括外部存储设备。上述计算机可读存储介质用于存储上述计算机程序以及上述终端所需的其他程序和数据。上述计算机可读存储介质还可以用于暂时地存储已经输出或者将要输出的数据。
需要说明的是，本申请的说明书、权利要求书及附图中的术语“第一”和“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备没有限定于已列出的步骤或单元，而是可选地还包括没有列出的步骤或单元，或可选地还包括对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
应当理解，在本申请中，“至少一个(项)”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上，“至少两个(项)”是指两个或三个及三个以上，“和/或”，用于描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，“A和/或B”可以表示：只存在A，只存在B以及同时存在A和B三种情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a，b或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，b，c，“a和b”，“a和c”，“b和c”，或“a和b和c”，其中a，b，c可以是单个，也可以是多个。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，仅以上述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成，即将装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述模块或单元的 划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个装置，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是一个物理单元或多个物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个不同地方。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请实施例的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一个设备(可以是单片机，芯片等)或处理器(processor)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何在本申请揭露的技术范围内的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种报文转发方法，其特征在于，包括：
    会话管理网元向第一设备发送路径标识；其中，所述第一设备包括协议数据单元PDU会话对应的接入网网元和所述PDU会话对应的用户面网元；所述PDU会话对应第一终端；所述路径标识用于指示所述接入网网元到所述用户面网元的第一路径；所述第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径，所述第二路径为所述会话管理网元预先为第二终端建立的PDU会话对应的路径；
    所述会话管理网元将所述路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息发送给所述第一设备；以使所述第一设备根据接收到的数据的目的地址，将所述目的地址对应的路径标识携带在所述数据中，通过所述目的地址对应的路径进行转发。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述第一路径为第一用户层面的通用分组无线服务技术隧道协议GTP-U路径；所述第二路径为第二GTP-U路径。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述第一路径包括中间用户面网元。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述路径标识包括第一路径标识和第二路径标识；其中，所述第一路径标识用于指示所述接入网网元到所述中间用户面网元的路径；所述第二路径标识用于指示所述中间用户面网元到所述用户面网元的路径。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述会话管理网元将所述路径标识对应的路径信息发送给所述第一设备；其中，所述路径信息包括所述第一路径对应的接入网网元的标识信息和用户面网元的标识信息。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述路径信息包括所述用户面网元的隧道信息和/或所述接入网网元的隧道信息。
  7. 一种报文转发方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一设备接收来自会话管理网元的路径标识；其中，所述第一设备包括协议数据单元PDU会话对应的接入网网元和所述PDU会话对应的用户面网元；所述PDU会话对应第一终端；所述路径标识用于指示所述接入网网元到所述用户面网元的第一路径；所述第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径，所述第二路径为所述会话管理网元预先为第二终端建立的PDU会话对应的路径；
    所述第一设备接收来自所述会话管理网元的所述路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息；
    所述第一设备获取所述第一终端的数据；其中，所述数据包括目的地址；
    所述第一设备根据所述数据的目的地址，将所述目的地址对应的路径标识携带在所述数据中，通过所述目的地址对应的路径进行转发。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述第一路径为第一用户层面的通用分组无线服务技术隧道协议GTP-U路径；所述第二路径为第二GTP-U路径。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述第一路径包括中间用户面网元。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述路径标识包括第一路径标识和第二路径标识；其中，所述第一路径标识用于指示所述接入网网元到所述中间用户面网元的路径；所述第二路径标识用于指示所述中间用户面网元到所述用户面网元的路径。
  11. 根据权利要求7-10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一设备接收来自所述会话管理网元的所述路径标识对应的路径信息；其中，所述路径信息包括所述第一路径对应的接入网网元的标识信息和用户面网元的标识信息。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述路径信息包括所述用户面网元的隧道信息和/或所述接入网网元的隧道信息。
  13. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：
    发送模块，用于向第一设备发送路径标识；其中，所述第一设备包括协议数据单元PDU会话对应的接入网网元和所述PDU会话对应的用户面网元；所述PDU会话对应第一终端；所述路径标识用于指示所述接入网网元到所述用户面网元的第一路径；所述第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径，所述第二路径为所述通信装置预先为第二终端建立的PDU会话对应的路径；
    所述发送模块，还用于将所述路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息发送给所述第一设备；以使所述第一设备根据接收到的数据的目的地址，将所述目的地址对应的路径标识携带在所述数据中，通过所述目的地址对应的路径进行转发。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的通信装置，其特征在于，
    所述第一路径为第一用户层面的通用分组无线服务技术隧道协议GTP-U路径；所述第二路径为第二GTP-U路径。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的通信装置，其特征在于，
    所述第一路径包括中间用户面网元。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的通信装置，其特征在于，
    所述路径标识包括第一路径标识和第二路径标识；其中，所述第一路径标识用于指示所述接入网网元到所述中间用户面网元的路径；所述第二路径标识用于指示所述中间用户面网元到所述用户面网元的路径。
  17. 根据权利要求13-16任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，
    所述发送模块，还用于将所述路径标识对应的路径信息发送给所述第一设备；其中，所述路径信息包括所述第一路径对应的接入网网元的标识信息和用户面网元的标识信息。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的通信装置，其特征在于，
    所述路径信息包括所述用户面网元的隧道信息和/或所述接入网网元的隧道信息。
  19. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：
    接收模块，用于接收来自会话管理网元的路径标识；其中，所述通信装置包括协议数据单元PDU会话对应的接入网网元和所述PDU会话对应的用户面网元；所述PDU会话对应第一终端；所述路径标识用于指示所述接入网网元到所述用户面网元的第一路径；所述第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径，所述第二路径为所述会话管理网元预先为第 二终端建立的PDU会话对应的路径；
    所述接收模块，还用于接收来自所述会话管理网元的所述路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息；
    所述接收模块，还用于获取所述第一终端的数据；其中，所述数据包括目的地址；
    发送模块，用于根据所述数据的目的地址，将所述目的地址对应的路径标识携带在所述数据中，通过所述目的地址对应的路径进行转发。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的通信装置，其特征在于，
    所述第一路径为第一用户层面的通用分组无线服务技术隧道协议GTP-U路径；所述第二路径为第二GTP-U路径。
  21. 根据权利要求19或20所述的通信装置，其特征在于，
    所述第一路径包括中间用户面网元。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的通信装置，其特征在于，
    所述路径标识包括第一路径标识和第二路径标识；其中，所述第一路径标识用于指示所述接入网网元到所述中间用户面网元的路径；所述第二路径标识用于指示所述中间用户面网元到所述用户面网元的路径。
  23. 根据权利要求19-22任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，
    所述接收模块，还用于接收来自所述会话管理网元的所述路径标识对应的路径信息；其中，所述路径信息包括所述第一路径对应的接入网网元的标识信息和用户面网元的标识信息。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的通信装置，其特征在于，
    所述路径信息包括所述用户面网元的隧道信息和/或所述接入网网元的隧道信息。
  25. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，所述通信装置包括一个或多个处理器、收发器；所述一个或多个处理器、所述收发器支持所述通信装置执行如权利要求1-6任一项所述的报文转发方法，或者支持所述通信装置执行如权利要求7-12任一项所述的报文转发方法。
  26. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机指令或程序，当计算机指令或程序在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如权利要求1-6任一项所述的报文转发方法，或者执行如权利要求7-12任一项所述的报文转发方法。
  27. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括：会话管理网元、第一设备；
    所述会话管理网元，用于向第一设备发送路径标识；其中，所述第一设备包括协议数据单元PDU会话对应的接入网网元和所述PDU会话对应的用户面网元；所述PDU会话对应第一终端；所述路径标识用于指示所述接入网网元到所述用户面网元的第一路径；所述第一路径包括第二路径的部分或全部路径；所述第二路径为所述会话管理网元预先为第二终端建立的PDU会话对应的路径；所述会话管理网元，还用于将所述路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息发送给所述第一设备；
    所述第一设备，用于接收来自所述会话管理网元的所述路径标识；所述第一设备，还用于接收来自所述会话管理网元的所述路径标识对应的目的地址的标识信息；所述第一设备，还用于获取所述第一终端的数据；其中，所述数据包括目的地址；根据所述数据的目的地址，将所述目的地址对应的路径标识携带在所述数据中，通过所述目的地址对应的路径进行转发。
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