WO2022017210A1 - 一种靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统 - Google Patents

一种靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022017210A1
WO2022017210A1 PCT/CN2021/105742 CN2021105742W WO2022017210A1 WO 2022017210 A1 WO2022017210 A1 WO 2022017210A1 CN 2021105742 W CN2021105742 W CN 2021105742W WO 2022017210 A1 WO2022017210 A1 WO 2022017210A1
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Prior art keywords
solar panel
charging
controller
voltage
electric vehicle
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PCT/CN2021/105742
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English (en)
French (fr)
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林浩生
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from CN202010695005.6A external-priority patent/CN114013289A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202021419575.4U external-priority patent/CN213799293U/zh
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP21846328.9A priority Critical patent/EP4183616A4/en
Publication of WO2022017210A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022017210A1/zh
Priority to US18/152,121 priority patent/US20230158914A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/51—Photovoltaic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S30/00—Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion
    • H02S30/20—Collapsible or foldable PV modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • B60L8/003—Converting light into electric energy, e.g. by using photo-voltaic systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/80—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including monitoring or indicating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/20—Systems characterised by their energy storage means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/40—Mobile PV generator systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B60L2210/42—Voltage source inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Details of circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of charging of electric vehicles or hybrid electric vehicles, and more particularly, relates to a charging system and a control method which rely on solar energy to generate electricity and efficiently and practically assist the charging of electric vehicles.
  • the solar panel In most solar charging systems, the solar panel is limited by the body area, and the total power generation area of the solar panel is small. From a theoretical basis, the power generation is relatively small; in other parts of the related solar panel enlargement schemes, there is a lack of practical energy.
  • the state control device of the applied solar panel, the expanded solar panel affects the appearance of the vehicle or affects the normal driving of the vehicle, and lacks the feasibility of actual manufacturing or installation; especially for electric vehicles with a small roof area, the solar panel is basically caused.
  • the power generation area of the solar panel is smaller, and this problem limits the potential electric power generated by the solar panel, which basically makes the use of solar energy to generate electricity and charge less;
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above shortcomings and solve the above technical problems, with a complete and practical design, to solve and integrate the existing problems and shortcomings, by adding movable solar panels above the roof, adding control devices, and increasing intelligent voltage conversion and control module, so that the charging system of the present invention can not only flexibly increase the power generation area, maintain the beauty of the vehicle and the shape during driving, make manufacturing or installation feasible, and can control the maximum conversion rate and power generation in real time, so that all The generated power generation is close to the daily power consumption of electric vehicles, reaching a practical level of charging capacity, reducing the number of charging times for car owners; adding a charging controller, so that in practical application life, charging can be docked with actual common vehicles, making solar charging more secure; So that the body will not be exposed to the sun, which greatly reduces the temperature of the vehicle body in hot days; during driving, the solar panels can be automatically restored and closed to restore the original shape of the body, without affecting the beauty of the body and normal driving, so that the entire charging system can achieve practical The daily practical level
  • An electric vehicle charging system powered by solar energy comprising a fixed solar panel, a movable solar panel, a solar panel state control device, an intelligent voltage conversion and control module
  • the fixed solar panel is fixedly installed on the roof of the vehicle
  • the movable solar panel is The panels are installed on both sides of the fixed solar panel
  • the solar panel state control device is connected to the intelligent voltage conversion and control module, used to receive the vehicle-mounted signal, the signal of the intelligent voltage conversion and control module, and control the contraction or extension state of the movable solar panel
  • the output voltage of the solar panel is connected in parallel with the output voltage of the solar panel, and the output voltage obtained in parallel is connected to the intelligent voltage conversion and control module
  • the voltage output end of the intelligent voltage conversion and control module is connected to the charging port of the electric vehicle or the power
  • the battery is connected, and the intelligent voltage conversion and control module is used to control the solar panel to generate the maximum conversion rate and the maximum charging power under different light intensities in different time periods, and connect with the electric vehicle and control the charging, and monitor the charging
  • the intelligent voltage conversion And the control module contains MCU intelligent calculation controller, current sensor, voltage value detection circuit, voltage converter and charging controller, the current sensor and voltage value detection circuit respectively detect charging current and voltage, and control with MCU intelligent calculation and control.
  • the MCU intelligent computing controller is connected with the voltage converter, and the output of the voltage converter is connected with the charging controller.
  • the MCU intelligent computing controller sets a certain period of time under the same light intensity to control the voltage converter to convert to generate different voltages. According to the returned voltage and current, calculate and memorize different charging power and parameters, select the parameter corresponding to the maximum power to control the output voltage of the voltage transformer, and charge the electric vehicle through the charging controller.
  • the voltage converter is a DC/DC voltage converter or a DC/AC voltage converter, which is a voltage converter controlled by an MCU intelligent calculation controller and capable of outputting a continuously regulated voltage.
  • the charging controller is a charging controller that includes handshake communication and control functions according to the interface standard of the original vehicle charging socket.
  • the input terminal of the charging controller is connected to the output terminal of the voltage converter, and the output terminal of the charging controller is connected to the original DC of the electric vehicle.
  • the charging port 51 is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power battery 53, or is connected to the AC charging port 54 of the electric vehicle to charge the electric vehicle; the charging controller is also connected to the MCU intelligent computing controller, which is the MCU intelligent computing controller. Control the charging controller to start or stop charging.
  • the solar panel state control device includes a drive structure that drives the movable solar panel to telescopic and translate, a drive control module and a low-voltage 12v battery, the drive structure is connected to the drive control module, and the drive structure is installed and fixed to the bottom of the solar panel.
  • the 12v battery is respectively connected with the drive control module and the intelligent voltage conversion and control module, and provides the power required for work.
  • the drive control module includes a vehicle-mounted signal input unit, an MCU controller and a motor controller.
  • the MCU controller is connected to the vehicle-mounted signal input unit and is used to receive signal instructions related to charging of the vehicle.
  • the MCU controller is intelligently connected to the MCU.
  • the computing controller is connected for receiving charging state information, and the motor controller is respectively connected with the MCU controller and the driving structure.
  • the driving structure 31 includes a geared motor, a wire slot guide rail, and a transmission rack.
  • the transmission rack is fixed under the movable solar panel 2.
  • the driving motor is fixed at both ends of the fixed solar panel, and is connected with the gear through the gear The transmission rack is engaged, and the motor rotates to drive the movable solar panel 2 to realize translation along the guide rail of the wire slot.
  • the movable solar panel 2 is divided into two parts: front and rear, each part is composed of a single-layer or multi-layer solar panel, a single-layer structure or a multi-layer stack structure, and the voltage output terminals of the fixed solar panel and the movable solar panel are Diodes are connected in series to prevent current from flowing backwards.
  • the solar panel state control device can further add a telescopic support rod.
  • One end of the telescopic support rod is fixed on the roof of the vehicle, and the other end is hinged with the bottom of the fixed solar panel.
  • There are three telescopic support rods, which are respectively connected with The motor controller is connected, and the motor controller can change the height of the fulcrum of the solar panel and the plane angle of the solar panel by controlling the extension and retraction of the strut, so that the solar panel is close to perpendicular to the sun's rays.
  • the maximum power parameters can be calculated, so that the solar panels can output the maximum power, and get The maximum conversion rate and total power generation, and through the charging controller, the maximum power generated from the conversion can be used to charge the electric vehicle in real time;
  • the charging controller including the handshake signal communication protocol function in the intelligent voltage conversion and control module, the electric energy can be connected and charged to the charging circuit of the real electric vehicle;
  • the charging voltage is monitored in real time, and the charging safety is ensured in the case of a large change in the power generation voltage of the solar panel and the voltage of an electric vehicle;
  • the solar charging system of the present invention can expand the total power generation area of the solar panel, increase the total power generation, further control the real-time output maximum conversion rate and maximum charging power, and realize the docking and charging of electric vehicles.
  • the total solar panel area is reduced, the appearance and shape of the vehicle are roughly maintained, the wind resistance is reduced, and the normal driving is not affected; the invention solves the four shortcomings of the background technology at the same time, so that the solar charging can meet the practical requirements of daily charging and Practical level, and the expanded solar panels can block the sun's rays, effectively cool the body, and prevent heat transfer to the body.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic topology diagram of the principle of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic topological schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic topological schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 and 8 are enlarged views of part A in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, and Fig. 5 in the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the telescopic strut and the fixed solar panel in the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged schematic view of the telescopic strut and its internal structure in the present invention.
  • FIGs 11, 12 and 13 are three schematic diagrams of the connection between the charging controller and the charging port of the electric vehicle, respectively.
  • a solar-powered electric vehicle charging system which includes a fixed solar panel 1 fixed on the roof, an extendable and retractable solar panel 1 Active solar panel 2, solar panel state control device 3, intelligent voltage conversion and control module 4.
  • the fixed solar panel 1 is fixedly installed on the roof of the vehicle
  • the movable solar panel 2 is installed on both sides of the fixed solar panel
  • the solar panel state control device 3 is connected to the intelligent voltage conversion and control module 4 for receiving vehicle-mounted solar panels.
  • the voltage converter 44 is connected to the voltage converter 44, and the voltage output end b of the intelligent voltage conversion and control module 4 is connected to the DC charging port of the electric vehicle; the intelligent voltage conversion and control module 4 is used to set different time periods and different light intensities. Convert the output voltage of the solar panel into the voltage for charging the power battery, and control the solar panel to generate the maximum conversion rate and maximum charging power in real time, and connect with the electric vehicle and control the charging, and monitor the charging process.
  • the present invention controls the state of the active solar panel 2 through the solar panel state control device 3, which can be used to expand the total illumination area of the solar panel.
  • the intelligent voltage conversion and control module 4 calculates the The maximum power generation power, so as to intelligently judge the light intensity information, and at the same time combine the detected power battery voltage to send comprehensive status information to the MCU controller of the solar panel status control device. After the MCU controller receives the information, it combines with the on-board information input unit.
  • the active solar panel to extend to the front and rear of the car to expand the light area, so as to increase the power generation area on the basis , to provide the necessary basic conditions for charging to reach a practical level; when driving, shrink the solar panel.
  • the conversion rate and output power of the solar panel under the same lighting conditions in a certain period of time are greatly affected by the load and are not fixed.
  • the intelligent voltage conversion and control module can control the solar panel to generate the maximum conversion rate and the maximum charging power in real time under various light intensities in each set time period, so that the solar panel with the enlarged area is stimulated and controlled in each time period to emit the maximum power.
  • the present invention can connect with the electric vehicle to charge the power battery 53 through the charging controller included in the intelligent voltage conversion and control module 4, so that the power generation and charging capacity are close to each Daily vehicle power consumption; in actual production, the solar panel control device and the intelligent voltage conversion and control module are installed at the bottom of the fixed solar panel or under the front cover of the vehicle.
  • the invention can expand the illumination area of the solar panel, control the solar panel to be in the state of the maximum conversion rate and the maximum power generation power, and realize the effective connection with the electric vehicle, realize the maximum charging power to charge the power battery, make the charging amount close to the daily power consumption, and achieve practical Horizontal, the solar panel can be retracted when the car is used, to a large extent maintain the original shape of the vehicle and keep the appearance.
  • the solar panel state control device 3 includes a drive structure 31 that drives the movable solar panel to telescopic and translate, a drive control module 30 and a 12v battery 32, the drive structure 31 is connected to the drive control module 30, and the drive structure 31 is installed to fix the solar panel. bottom of.
  • the 12v battery 32 is respectively connected with the drive control module 30, the intelligent voltage conversion and control module 4, and provides the power required for operation;
  • the solar panel state control device 3 of the present invention controls the driving structure 31 through the internal driving control module 30, so as to drive the movable solar panel 2 to translate and extend through the driving structure, thereby expanding the illumination area of the solar panel;
  • the movable solar panel 2 is retracted and hidden under the fixed solar panel 1, so as to maintain the sightseeing shape and beauty of the vehicle, and not affect the normal use of the vehicle.
  • the driving structure 31 includes a geared motor 311 , a wire groove guide 313 and a transmission rack 312 , and the movable solar panel 2 is divided into The left and right parts, as shown in the enlarged view in FIG. 7 , the movable solar panel is a single-layer movable solar panel, the wire slot guide rails are installed on both sides of the fixed solar panel, and the transmission rack 312 is fixed on the next layer of movable solar panels.
  • the motor 311 is installed on both ends of the fixed solar panel 1, and meshes with the transmission rack 312 through the gear 316, and the motor rotates to drive the movable solar panel 2 to achieve translation along the slot guide rail 313, driving the left and right parts
  • the active solar panels extend or retract to the front and rear of the vehicle.
  • the present invention can drive the gear rack 312 by driving the motor to rotate the gear, so that the drive structure 31 can drive the movable solar panel 2 to translate and expand, and the drive control module 30 can control the movable solar panel 2 in the telescopic state.
  • the active solar panel is composed of single-layer or multi-layer active solar panels, as shown in the enlarged view of Figure 8, the left and right active solar panels can be expanded to be composed of multi-layer active solar panels, using a multi-layer stack structure,
  • the wire groove guide rails are installed on both sides of each solar panel, the wire groove guide rails of the next layer of solar panels are embedded in the wire groove guide rails of the upper solar panel, and one end of the outer movable solar panel is fixed to the inner movable solar panel,
  • the motor is fixed at both ends of each wire slot guide rail, and when the motor rotates, the transmission rack is driven by the gear, thereby driving the movable solar panel of the next layer to translate.
  • the drive control module 30 includes an on-board signal input unit 302 , an MCU controller 301 and a motor controller 303 .
  • the MCU controller 301 is connected to the vehicle-mounted signal input unit 302 for receiving signal instructions related to charging of the vehicle, and the MCU controller 301 is connected to the MCU intelligent computing controller 41 for receiving charging status information.
  • the motor controller 303 is respectively connected with the MCU controller 301 and the drive structure 31; the MCU controller 301 receives the vehicle state information and human control information through the on-board signal input unit 302, combined with the information including the charging state transmitted by the MCU intelligent calculation controller 41, according to the Vehicle status, human command, light intensity and battery voltage status, comprehensively intelligently determine whether to extend the active solar panel, when the conditions are met and the area of the solar panel needs to be expanded, the MCU controller 301 controls the motor controller 303 to control the motor in the drive structure to rotate, Drive the movable solar panel 2 to translate and extend to the front and rear of the vehicle to expand the illumination area; when the vehicle is to be used, or when the movable solar panel is manually required to be closed, or when the external ambient light conditions are poor, the movable solar panel 2 is automatically retracted and hidden in the fixed solar panel.
  • the fixed solar panel 1 can still receive light to generate electricity, and continue to charge the power battery.
  • the control mode or command information can be forcibly given through the switch or remote control, and transmitted to the MCU controller 301 through the on-board signal input unit, and the state of the solar panel is forcibly controlled in a specific occasion or before the vehicle is used;
  • the vehicle-mounted signal input unit may include a wireless transceiver module for receiving remote control signals or mobile phone monitoring signals, and sending each charging information to the remote control terminal.
  • the 12v battery can share the low-voltage 12v battery of the original car, or an independent 12v maintenance-free lead-acid battery can be used.
  • the battery is placed under the roof that can generate electricity, and the intelligent voltage conversion and control module 4 charges the power battery.
  • the output 14v voltage is also increased through the internal voltage converter 44 to charge the 12v battery 32; or in actual production, a switching power supply can also be used to obtain power from the positive and negative voltages of the power battery to reduce the high voltage to 12v power supply , and then supply power to the drive control module 30, and supply power to the intelligent voltage conversion and control module to provide the required working power.
  • the MCU controller 31 of the solar panel state control device 3 is based on the signal requirements of the on-board signal input unit, according to the intelligent voltage conversion and the light intensity signal from the control module and whether the power battery voltage is full or not, and other factors or instruction requirements to intelligently Controls the state of active solar panels.
  • the vehicle signal input unit by giving instructions to the vehicle signal input unit, it is possible to manually control the expansion or not to expand the solar panel, and you can choose to control the expansion of the active solar panels on both sides or only choose to expand the solar panel on one side.
  • the above specific embodiment describes how the solar panel state control device flexibly and effectively expands the area of the solar panel on the limited body area, and increases the power generation area on the basis. Under the same light intensity of the same area, the output power of the solar panel will also be greatly changed by the load, and it is not a fixed power output. Therefore, through intelligent control of voltage conversion, through intelligent calculation, the maximum power point is found, and the real-time The maximum power output and the corresponding charging controller are added to connect with the charging control circuit of the electric vehicle itself to achieve safe charging, which are the other two important factors for charging to reach a practical level.
  • the specific implementation methods are as follows:
  • the intelligent voltage conversion and control module 4 includes an MCU intelligent calculation controller 41, a current sensor 42, a voltage value detection The circuit 43, the voltage converter 44 and the charging controller 45, the current sensor 42 and the voltage value detection circuit 43 respectively detect the charging current and voltage, and are connected with the MCU intelligent calculation controller 41, and the MCU intelligent calculation controller 41 is connected with the voltage The converter 44 is connected, and the output of the voltage converter 44 is linked with the charging controller 45; the MCU intelligent calculation control device 41 sets a certain period of time under the same light intensity, and controls the voltage converter 44 to convert and generate different voltages.
  • the intelligent voltage conversion and control module 4 can regularly calculate the strongest power generation in a certain period of time, thereby judging the light intensity, and sending a light intensity signal to the solar panel state control device 3.
  • the internal voltage converter 44 is controlled, the actual charging power obtained by calculating and memorizing different parameters is obtained, the parameters corresponding to the selected maximum power are searched, and the voltage corresponding to the output maximum charging power is controlled by the voltage converter 44 to excite and control the solar panel. Power output status.
  • the voltage converter 44 is a DC/DC voltage converter 440, which is a kind of MCU intelligent computing controller 41.
  • the charging controller 45 is a charging controller that includes communication handshake and control functions according to the interface standard of the original vehicle DC charging socket.
  • the charging controller 45 and the voltage converter 44 Connection, the output terminal b of the charging controller 45 is used as the voltage output terminal b of the intelligent voltage conversion and control module 4, as shown in Figure 2, the output terminal b is connected to the original DC charging port 51 of the electric vehicle to charge the electric vehicle.
  • the voltage converter adopts a controllable and adjustable DC/DC voltage converter 440 inside, and the voltage output by the voltage converter 440 enters the charging controller 45, and the charging controller 45 includes handshake communication and control functions according to the standard of the original vehicle DC charging interface.
  • the output end b of the charging controller 45 is connected to the DC charging port 51 of the electric vehicle.
  • the plug is connected to the charging port of the body, or alternatively, as shown in Figure 12, the output terminal b is connected to the rear end of the charging socket; in actual production applications, or further as shown in Figure 13, in the vehicle
  • a sub-charging port built into the in-vehicle charging control circuit is derived from the charging socket, and the output terminal b is connected to the sub-charging port, so as to be connected to the in-vehicle DC charging control circuit module 52 and integrated into one; All of the above methods can realize that the output voltage of the charging controller 45 can be used to charge the electric vehicle power battery through the in-vehicle charging control circuit.
  • the charging controller 45 is also connected with the MCU intelligent computing controller 41, controlled by mutual communication, and also includes the function of preventing voltage overshoot; Then the charging controller 45 sends a notification message to the MCU intelligent computing controller 41 when it detects manual charging or when it detects that the charging port protective cover is manually opened, and the MCU intelligent computing controller 41 issues an instruction to control the voltage converter 44 to stop the reverse operation. Change the voltage, and control the charging controller 45 to release the circuit connection with the charging port to prevent charging conflicts; when fully charged, the charging controller 45 will notify the MCU intelligent computing controller 41 to stop solar power generation and charging. When the manual external charging is withdrawn and the conditions are met, the connection with the internal circuit at the rear end of the charging port is restored, and the solar charging mode is restored;
  • the solar panel state control device 3 can further add a telescopic strut 315 , one end of the telescopic strut 315 It is fixed on the roof of the vehicle, and the other end is hinged with the bottom of the fixed solar panel 1.
  • the telescopic strut 315 is provided with a strut motor 120 and a screw rod 121, and one end of the screw rod 121 is connected with the strut motor 120.
  • the other end of the screw rod 121 is hinged with the bottom of the fixed solar panel 3 ; the pole motor 120 is driven by the motor controller, and the fixed solar panel 1 is installed on the roof through the telescopic pole 315 .
  • the solar panel state control device controls the extension and retraction of the pole through the motor controller, adjusts the height of the three poles, and adjusts the three support points to change the plane angle of the solar panel.
  • the intelligent voltage conversion and control module calculates in real time. When the solar panel obtains the maximum power, stop changing the angle; in different time periods, according to the above method, the solar panel surface is close to perpendicular to the sun's rays, and under different light angle directions, more Larger and more effective light receiving area.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that the voltage output terminal of the intelligent voltage conversion and control module 4 is connected to the power battery of the electric vehicle. Positive and negative poles are connected; in actual production and application, the principle structure of the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the charging controller 45 includes a switch control function, the voltage output of the voltage converter 440 enters the charging controller 45, and the charging controller 45
  • the positive and negative poles of the output end b of the power battery are directly connected to the positive and negative poles of the power battery; in the third embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, it is different from the first embodiment in that the intelligent voltage conversion and control module 4
  • the voltage output terminal of the electric vehicle is connected to the AC charging port of the electric vehicle.
  • the DC/AC voltage converter 441 is used inside the voltage converter, and the output voltage enters the charging control.
  • the device 45 and the charging controller 45 include handshake communication and control functions according to the standard of the original vehicle AC charging interface.
  • the output terminal b of the charging controller is connected with the AC charging port 54 of the electric vehicle, that is, the AC slow charging port. 11.
  • the structure shown in FIG. 12, or further, as shown in FIG. 13, connect the output terminal b to the AC charging control circuit module 55 in the vehicle and integrate it into one;
  • the protocol standard and the handshake control circuit are customized and matched.
  • the electric vehicle described in the present invention includes a pure electric electric vehicle, and also includes a gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle.

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Abstract

一种靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统，包括固定于车顶的固定太阳能板（1）、活动太阳能板（2）、太阳能板状态控制装置（3）、智能电压转化及控制模块（4），太阳能板状态控制装置与智能电压转化及控制模块连接，并控制活动太阳能板的伸展收缩状态，固定于车顶的太阳能板与可活动太阳能板的输出电压并联，后与智能电压转化及控制模块连接，智能电压转化及控制模块在不同时间段不同光照强度下控制太阳能板产生最大转化率和最大充电功率，并实现跟电动汽车对接，和控制充电。该充电系统扩展太阳能板发电面积，实时控制产生最大转化率和最大功率，并实现跟应用中的车辆对接，让充电量达到实用水平，保持美观、安全性，满足推广普及需求。

Description

一种靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统 技术领域
本发明属于电动汽车或混动电动汽车的充电技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种靠太阳能发电并高效实用地辅助给电动汽车充电的充电系统和控制方法。
背景技术
随着社会环保意识的增强，和电动汽车的某些明显优势，电动汽车的使用数量快速增加，但电动汽车的充电问题仍有很大的麻烦，一方面：充电站数量少，大多数充电站不是靠路边设置；另一方面：每次到充电站充电等待时间较长；其次，充电时电流大，负荷较大，一个充电站给国家电网造成的负荷冲击也很大，同时对动力电池损伤较大。电动汽车的充电相对较为麻烦，很多充电问题也未能完全解决，特别是很多家庭的车库停车位并未能安装充电桩，充电电流较大，负荷较大，某些地方的充电站数量更少，经常需要给电动汽车插电和充电，使用起来相对较为麻烦，这一直困扰消费者和用车方便，制约了电动汽车的推广和普及；
另外已有的太阳能充电系统设计中，存在较多欠缺，如发电面积小，或缺乏控制，转化率低，发电量小，或不能与实现的电动汽车对接，不能给实际的电动汽车的电池充进电，缺乏实用性，并不能在实际生活消费中得到实际应用和推广，具体如下：
1.大部分的太阳能充电系统中，太阳能板受限于车身面积，太阳能板总发电面积较小，从理论基础上，发电量相对较小；另外部分相关增大太阳能板方案中，缺乏能实际应用的太阳能板的状态控制装置，所扩展太阳能板，影响车辆美观或影响车辆正常行驶，缺乏实际制造或加装的可行性；特别对于车顶面积不大的电动汽车，从基础上导致太阳能板的发电面积更小，此问题使太阳能板潜在能发出的电功率受限制，从基础上使得利用太阳能发电和充电量较小；
2.在其它部分太阳能系统设计中，即使增大了太阳能板面积，但没有针对太阳能板的发电特性，缺乏电压转化、最大功率计算控制，没能有效控制太阳能板处于最大功率发电状态，导致转化效率和发电量严重降低，发电功率大幅降低，发电效果微弱，此点问题很严重，为致使充电量达不到实际应用要求的关键缺点；
3.太阳能板所发的电或经过转化后的电压在不能直接就给动力电池充电情况下，在以往的太阳能充电方案中，缺乏握手通信或缺乏对接控制功能，且不能给现实中的车辆对接充电，未能解决太阳能充电的实用问题，没能应用到实际的充电中；
4.另电动汽车的充电要求和安全级别都很高，在安全性极高的电动汽车的充电应用中，以往对于外加的太阳能充电方案中，缺乏独立的电压检测和监控过程，容易过充损坏电池，或引起电池的安全问题；
综合以上缺点问题成为把太阳能发电充电应用到实际电动车辆充电辅助充电的瓶颈，导致太阳能辅助充电未能被普及推广，综合地解决以上缺点，迫切需要方案的整改和整合，成为急需待综合解决问题。
发明内容
本发明目的是为了克服以上缺点，和解决以上技术问题，以完整的和实用的设计，将存在的问题缺点加以解决和整合，通过车顶上方增加活动太阳能板，增加控制装置，增加智能电压转化及控制模块，使得本发明充电系统不但能灵活增大发电面积，保持车辆的美观和行驶当中的形状，使得制造或加装具备可行性，而且能实时控制产生最大转化率和发电量，让所产生的发电量接近电动汽车日常耗电量，达到充电量实用水平，减少车主的充电次数；增加充电控制器，让实际应用生活中，充电能与实际普遍车辆对接，让太阳能充电更加的安全；让车身不会因为暴晒在太阳底下，大幅降低热天时车辆车身的温度；在行驶过程中能自动恢复合拢太阳能板，恢复车身原来形状，不影响车身美观和正常行驶，让整套充电系统， 达到实际日常实用水平，为普及和推广奠定基础，从而节省大功率充电，有效避免给电网造成巨大负担，方便电动车的充电，有利于推行绿色环保充电。
为了解决以上技术背景所存在的问题，实现本系统发明，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统，其包括固定太阳能板、活动太阳能板、太阳能板状态控制装置、智能电压转化及控制模块，所述固定太阳能板固定安装在车顶上，所述活动太阳能板安装在固定太阳能板的两侧，所述太阳能板状态控制装置与智能电压转化及控制模块连接，用于接收车载信号、智能电压转化及控制模块的信号，并控制活动太阳能板收缩或伸展状态，所述太阳能板与太阳能板的输出电压并联，并联所得输出电压与智能电压转化及控制模块连接，所述智能电压转化及控制模块的电压输出端与电动汽车的充电口连接或与电动汽车动力电池连接，所述智能电压转化及控制模块用于不同时间段不同光照强度下控制太阳能板都产生最大转化率和最大充电功率，并跟电动汽车对接和控制充电，监控充电过程所述智能电压转化及控制模块含有MCU智能计算控制器、电流感应器、电压值检测电路、电压变换器和充电控制器，所述电流感应器和电压值检测电路分别检测充电电流和电压，并与MCU智能计算控制器连接，MCU智能计算控制器与电压变换器连接，电压变换器输出与充电控制器链接，所述MCU智能计算控制器设定一定时间段同一光照强度下，控制电压变换器转化产生不同电压，根据回传的电压和电流，计算并记忆不同充电功率和参数，选择以最大功率所对应的参数控制电压变压器输出电压，经过充电控制器给电动汽车充电。
所述电压变换器为DC/DC电压变换器或DC/AC电压变换器，为一种受MCU智能计算控制器控制并可输出连续调电压的电压变换器。
所述充电控制器为一种按原车充电插口的接口标准包含握手通信及控制功能的充电控制器，充电控制器输入端与电压变换器输出端连接，充电控制器输出端与电动汽车原直流充电口51连接，或与动力电池53的正负极连接，或与电动汽车交流充电口54连接，给电动汽车充电；所述充电控制器还与MCU智能计算控制器连接，MCU智能计算控制器控制充电控制器开启或停止充电。
所述太阳能板状态控制装置包括驱动活动太阳能板伸缩平移的驱动结构、驱动控制模块和低压的12v蓄电池，所述驱动结构与驱动控制模块连接，所述驱动结构安装固定太阳能板的底部。所述12v蓄电池分别与驱动控制模块，与智能电压转化及控制模块连接，并提供工作所需电源。
所述驱动控制模块包括车载信号输入单元、MCU控制器和马达控制器，所述MCU控制器与车载信号输入单元连接，用于接收车辆跟充电有关的信号指令，所述MCU控制器与MCU智能计算控制器连接，用于接收充电状态信息，所述马达控制器分别与MCU控制器和驱动结构连接。
所述驱动结构31包含带齿轮的马达、线槽导轨、传动齿条，所述传动齿条固定在活动阳能板2下方，所述驱动马达固定在固定太阳板的两端，且通过齿轮与传动齿条啮合，由马达转动带动活动太阳能板2沿着线槽导轨实现平移。
所述可活动的太阳能板2分为前后两部分，每部分为单层或多层太阳能板组成，为单层结构或为多层叠加结构，所述固定太阳能板和活动太阳能板的电压输出端各串接有二极管，防止电流倒流。
所述太阳能板状态控制装置可进一步增加可伸缩的支杆，所述伸缩支杆的一端固定在车顶上，另一端与固定太阳能板的底部铰接，所述伸缩支杆为3根，分别与马达控制器连接，马达控制器通过控制支杆伸缩，改变太阳能板的支点高低，改变太阳能板的平面角度，使太阳能板接近垂直于太阳光线。
与已有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
首先，通过在固定太阳能板基础上增加可伸展的活动的太阳能板，在非用车和条件满足时，通过增加太阳能板状态控制装置，在有限车身面积上，通过扩展太阳能板面积，使得从基础上增大太阳能板发电面积，在用车时，通过太阳能板状态控制装置收纳储藏活动太阳能板， 让太阳能板重叠，缩小总面积，能让车身大致保持原有美观和车子外观形状，不影响车辆快速行驶；
另一个方面，针对太阳能板有最大转化率的特点，通过增加智能电压转化及控制模块，通过MCU计算，选择控制不同光照强度下，都能计算出最大功率参数，让太阳能板输出最大功率，得到最大转化率和发电总量，并通过充电控制器，能让转化所得最大的发电功率实时给电动汽车充电；
同时，通过智能电压转化及控制模块中的包含握手信号通信协议功能的充电控制器，得以将电能给现实中的电动汽车的充电电路对接和充电；
并且，通过智能电压转化及控制模块，实时监控充电电压，在太阳能板发电电压大幅变动情况下，和电动汽车电压大幅变化情况下，确保充电安全；
综合以上效果，让本发明的太阳能充电系统能扩大太阳能板总发电面积从基础上提高总发电量，进一步控制实时输出最大转化率和最大充电功率，并实现给电动汽车对接和充电，在用车时缩小总太阳能板面积，大致保持了车辆行驶中的外观和形状，减少风的阻力，不影响正常行驶；本发明同时解决了背景技术中的4个缺点，让太阳能充电达到日常充电实用要求和实用水平，并且所扩展的太阳能板能挡太阳光线，有效给车身降温，并防止热传递给车身。
附图说明
附图1是本发明的第一种实施例结构示意图。
附图2是本发明的第一种实施例原理拓扑示意图。
附图3是本发明的第二种实施例结构示意图。
附图4是本发明的第二种实施例原理拓扑示意图。
附图5是本发明的第三种实施例结构示意图。
附图6是本发明的第三种实施例原理拓扑示意图。
图7和8是本发明中图1，图3，图5中局部A的放大图。
图9是本发明中伸缩支杆与固定太阳能板的安装结构示意图。
图10是本发明中伸缩支杆放大和内部结构示意图。
图11,12和13分别是充电控制器与电动汽车充电口衔接的三种结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚、明确，以下参照附图并举实施例对本发明进一步说明。
如图1、2、7、9、10和11所示，提出本发明第一种实施例的靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统，其包括固定于车顶的固定太阳能板1、可伸展收缩的的活动太阳能板2、太阳能板状态控制装置3、智能电压转化及控制模块4。所述固定太阳能板1固定安装在车顶上，所述活动太阳能板2安装在固定太阳能板的两侧，所述太阳能板状态控制装置3与智能电压转化及控制模块4连接，用于接收车载信号、智能电压转化及控制模块4的信号，并控制活动太阳能板2收缩或伸展状态，所述太阳能板1与太阳能板2的输出电压并联，并联所得输出电压与智能电压转化及控制模块4中的电压变换器44连接，所述智能电压转化及控制模块4的电压输出端b与电动汽车的直流充电口连接；所述智能电压转化及控制模块4用于设定不同时间段不同光照强度下将太阳能板输出电压转化成给动力电池充电的电压，并实时控制太阳能板产生最大转化率和最大充电功率，并跟电动汽车对接和控制充电，监控充电过程。
采用上述结构后，本发明通过太阳能板状态控制装置3控制活动太阳能板2的状态，可用于扩展太阳能板总光照面积，当电动汽车非行驶状态时，智能电压转化及控制模块4根据定时计算出最大发电功率，从而智能判断光照强度信息，同时结合检测到的动力电池电压，向太阳能板状态控制装置的MCU控制器发出综合状态信息，MCU控制器接收到信息后，结合车载信息输入单元传来的车辆状态信息，综合判断是否伸展活动太阳能板，如果有光照，在车辆非行驶状态和电池未充满时，控制活动太阳能板向汽车前后侧伸展，扩大光照面积，使得从基础上加大发电面积，为充电达到实用水平提供必要基础条件；在行驶状态时，收缩 太阳能板。此外，在增大太阳能板发电面积基础上，太阳能板在某一时间段内同一光照条件下，转化率和输出功率受负载影响变化很大，并非固定不变，根据此特性，本发明增加包含智能电压转化及控制模块，在设定的每个时间段内各种光照强度下实时控制太阳能板产生最大转化率和最大充电功率，让在各时间段激发控制增大面积后的太阳能板发出最大化的电能，让充电更进一步达到实用水平；同时本发明并通过智能电压转化及控制模块4所包含的充电控制器，实现跟电动汽车对接给动力电池53充电，让发电量和充电量接近每日用车耗电量；在实际生产中，所述的太阳能板控制装置、所述的智能电压转化及控制模块安装在固定太阳能板的底部，或者车辆车前盖下方。
本发明可扩大太阳能板光照面积，控制太阳能板处于最大转化率和最大发电功率状态，并实现与电动汽车有效衔接，实现最大充电功率给动力电池充电，让充电量接近日常耗电量，达到实用水平，在用车时可收缩太阳能板，很大程度上保持车辆原来形状，保持美观。
下面对本发明各结构部分，结合第一实施例和所对应示图，进行详细说明，具体如下：如图1,2所示，所述的靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统，其实施例中，所述太阳能板状态控制装置3包括驱动活动太阳能板伸缩平移的驱动结构31、驱动控制模块30和12v蓄电池32，所述驱动结构31与驱动控制模块30连接，所述驱动结构31安装固定太阳能板的底部。所述12v蓄电池32分别与驱动控制模块30、智能电压转化及控制模块4连接，并提供工作所需电源；
采用上述结构后，本发明太阳能板状态控制装置3通过内部驱动控制模块30控制驱动结构31，从而通过驱动结构带动活动太阳板2平移伸展，扩展太阳能板的光照面积；在行驶过程中，通过驱动收回活动太阳能板2并藏于固定太阳能板1的下方，保持车辆的观光形状和美观，不影响车辆的正常使用。
如图1所示，所述的靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统，其中，所述驱动结构31包含带齿轮的马达311、线槽导轨313、传动齿条312，所述活动太阳能板2分为左右两部分，如图7所示放大图，所述活动太阳能板为单层活动太阳能板，所述线槽导轨安装在固定太阳能板的两边，所述传动齿条312固定在下一层活动阳能板2下方，所述马达311安装在固定太阳能板1的两端，且通过齿轮316与传动齿条312啮合，由马达转动带动活动太阳能板2沿着线槽导轨313实现平移，驱动左右两部分活动太阳能板各向车辆前后伸展或收缩。
采用上述结构后，本发明通过驱动马达可以转动齿轮，从而带动传动齿条312，从而实现驱动结构31带动活动太阳能板2的平移伸缩，实现驱动控制模块30控制活动太阳能板2的伸缩状态。
在实际生产过程中，活动太阳能板为单层或多层活动太阳能板组成，如图8所示放大图，所述左右活动太阳能板可扩展为多层活动太阳能板组成，采用多层叠加结构，所述线槽导轨安装在各太阳能板的两边，下一层太阳能板线槽导轨嵌入在上层太阳能板的线槽导轨里面，外侧的活动太阳能板的一端固定在靠里一块的活动太阳能板上，在所述马达固定在各线槽导轨的两端，当马达转动时，通过齿轮带动传动齿条，从而带动下一层的活动太阳能板平移。
如图2所示的括扑图中，所述的靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统，其中，所述驱动控制模块30包括车载信号输入单元302、MCU控制器301和马达控制器303，所述MCU控制器301与车载信号输入单元302连接，用于接收车辆跟充电有关的信号指令，所述MCU控制器301与MCU智能计算控制器41连接，用于接收充电状态信息，所述马达控制器303分别与MCU控制器301和驱动结构31连接；MCU控制器301通过车载信号输入单元302接收车辆的状态信息和人为控制信息，结合MCU智能计算控制器41传递来的含充电状态的信息，根据车辆状态、人为指令和光照强度和电池电压状态，综合智能判断是否伸展活动太阳能板，当达到条件需要扩展太阳能板面积时，MCU控制器301控制马达控制器303，控制驱动结构中的马达转动，带动活动太阳能板2向车辆前后平移伸展，扩大光照面积；当车辆要使用时，或人为要求合拢活动太阳能板时，或外环境光照条件差时，自动收回活动太阳能板2，藏于固 定太阳能板1下方，此时，行驶过程中，固定太阳能板1依然可以接收光照发电，继续给动力电池充电。在实际使用中，可以人为通过开关或遥控，强制给出控制模式或指令信息，通过车载信号输入单元，传递给MCU控制器301，在特定的场合或用车前，强制控制太阳能板的状态；在实际应用中，车载信号输入单元可含无线收发模块，用于接收远程遥控信号或手机监控信号，并把各充电信息发送到远程控制终端。
在实际生产中，12v蓄电池可以共用原车的低压12v蓄电池，也可以采用独立的12v免维护铅酸电池，电池放置在能发电的车顶的下方，智能电压转化及控制模块4给动力电池充电的同时，也通过内部电压变换器44增加输出14v电压，给12v蓄电池32充电；或在实际的生产中，也可以使用开关电源，取电于动力电池正负极电压，将高压降低为12v电源，再供电给驱动控制模块30，并供电给智能电压转化及控制模块，提供所需工作电源。
在实际生产应用中，所述各太阳能板的电压输出端串接有二极管，防止电流倒流。太阳能板状态控制装置3的MCU控制器31根据车载信号输入单元的信号要求，根据智能电压转化及控制模块传来的光强弱信号和动力电池电压是否充满等多个因素或指令要求，来智能控制活动太阳能板的状态。在实际使用中，通过给车载信号输入单元指令要求，可人为控制扩展或不扩展太阳能板，可选择控制伸展两侧活动太阳能板或只选择扩展一侧太阳能板。
以上具体实施例中说明太阳能板状态控制装置如何在有限车身面积上灵活有效的扩展太阳能板面积，从基础上让发电面积增大，另一方面：根据太阳能板的特性，对于已经扩大总面积的太阳能板，在相同面积相同光照强度下，其输出的功率也会受到负载大幅变化，并不是输出固定的功率，所以，通过智能控制电压转化，通过智能计算，寻找出最大功率点，控制实时按最大功率输出，并增加相应充电控制器，让跟电动汽车本身充电控制电路对接，实现安全充电，成为充电达到实用水平的另外两个重要因素，具体实施方式如下：
如图2所示的括扑图中，所述的靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统，其中，所述智能电压转化及控制模块4含有MCU智能计算控制器41、电流感应器42、电压值检测电路43、电压变换器44和充电控制器45，所述电流感应器42和电压值检测电路43分别检测充电电流和电压，并与MCU智能计算控制器41连接，MCU智能计算控制器41与电压变换器44连接，电压变换器44输出与充电控制器45链接；所述MCU智能计算控制装置41设定一定时间段同一光照强度下，控制电压变换器44转化产生不同电压，通过电流感应器和电压检测电路，检测不同充电电流和充电电压，计算并记忆不同充电功率，计算公式：功率P＝U*I，选择以最大功率所对应的电压转换参数控制电压变压器输出充电电压，经过充电控制器45给汽车动力电池53充电，并实时控制每个时间段同一光照强度下得到最大转化率和最大充电功率。
采用上述结构后，所述智能电压转化及控制模块4能够定时计算某一时间段内的最强发电功率，从而判断光照强度，向太阳能板状态控制装置3发出光照强度信号，另一方面，实时控制内部的电压变换器44，经过计算记忆不同参数所得实际充电功率，寻找选择最大功率所对应的参数，控制电压变换器44转化输出最大充电功率所对应的电压，从而激发控制太阳能板处于最大发电功率输出状态。
如图2所示的括扑图中，所述的靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统，其中，所述电压变换器44为DC/DC电压变换器440，为一种受MCU智能计算控制器41控制并可输出连续调电压的电压变换器；所述充电控制器45为一种按原车直流充电插口的接口标准包含通信握手及控制功能的充电控制器，充电控制器45与电压变换器44连接，充电控制器45输出端b作为智能电压转化及控制模块4的电压输出端b,如图2所示结构，输出端b与电动汽车原直流充电口51连接，给电动汽车充电。本发明中，所示第一种实施例原理结构，所述的电压变换器内部采用可控可调DC/DC电压变换器440，电压变换器440输出的电压进入充电控制器45，充电控制器45按原车直流充电接口标准包含握手通信及控制功能，充电控制器45的输出端b与电动汽车的直流充电口51衔接，衔接方式为：优选地如图11所示，输出端b末端采用插头，与车身充电口采用对插方式，或次选地如图12所示输出端b采用与充电插口后端线路衔接方式；在实际生产应用中，或更进一步如图13所示,在车辆设计初期，就将充电插口 衍生出内置于车内充电控制电路中的子充电接入口，将输出端b接入子充电接入口，从而接入车内直流充电控制电路模块52，集成为一体；以上方式均可实现充电控制器45的输出电压通过车内充电控制电路给电动汽车动力电池充电。
所述充电控制器45还与MCU智能计算控制器41连接，通过互相通信控制，同时包含防止电压过冲的功能；在具体生产应用中，如充电控制器45与充电口后端内部电路衔接，则充电控制器45检测到人为充电时或检测到人为揭开充电口保护盖时，向MCU智能计算控制器41发出通知信息，MCU智能计算控制器41则发出指令，控制电压变换器44停止逆变出电压，并控制充电控制器45释放与充电口的电路衔接，防止发生充电冲突；当充满电后，充电控制器45会通知MCU智能计算控制器41，让停止太阳能发电和充电。当人为外部充电退出后并满足条件时，恢复与充电口后端的内部电路衔接，恢复太阳能充电模式；
所述固定于车顶的太阳能板1与可活动的太阳能板2，优选的，将各发电所得电压并联组合，得到的输出电压连接输入到智能电压转化及控制模块4的电压变换器44，所述电压变换器44的输出电压经过充电控制器，充电控制器的电压输出端作为智能电压转化及控制模块4的电压输出端b给电动汽车动力电池53充电。
如图9,10所示，所述太所述的靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统，其中，阳能板状态控制装置3可进一步增加可伸缩的支杆315，所述伸缩支杆315的一端固定在车顶上，另一端与固定太阳能板1的底部铰接。所述伸缩支杆315为3根，且与固定太阳能板固定支撑点组成一个三角形结构，伸缩支杆315内设置支杆电机120和丝杆121，丝杆121的一端与支杆电机120连接，丝杆121的另一端与固定太阳能板3的底部铰接；所述支杆电机120由马达控制器驱动，所述固定太阳能板1通过伸缩支杆315安装在车顶上。采用以上结构后，太阳能板状态控制装置通过马达控制器，控制支杆的伸缩，调节三个支杆的高度，调节三个支撑点改变太阳能板的平面角度，同时智能电压转化及控制模块实时计算出不同的功率，在太阳能板获得最大功率时，停止改变角度；在设定不同时间段内，按照以上方法，使得太阳能板面都接近垂直于太阳光线，在不同光线角度方向下，都获取更大更有效的光照接收面积。
以上各结构所述为第一实施例具体实施方式。本发明第二实施例中，如图3结构图和图4原理拓扑图所示，区别于第一实施例，在于所述智能电压转化及控制模块4的电压输出端与电动汽车的动力电池的正负极连接；在实际生产应用中，采用如图4所示实施例原理结构，所述充电控制器45包含开关控制功能，电压变换器440的电压输出进入充电控制器45，充电控制器45的输出端b中的正负极直接与动力电池正负极连接；本发明第三种实施例中，如图5,6，区别于第一实施例，在于所述智能电压转化及控制模块4的电压输出端与电动汽车的交流充电口连接，实际生产应用中，采用如图6所示实施例原理结构，所述的电压变换器内部采用DC/AC电压变换器441，输出电压进入充电控制器45，充电控制器45按原车交流充电接口标准包含握手通信及控制功能，充电控制器输出端b与电动汽车的交流充电口54即交流电慢充充电口衔接，衔接方式为：同样采用图11、图12所示结构，或更进一步如图13所示将输出端b接入车内交流充电控制电路模块55，集成为一体；所述充电控制器和衔接方式具体按不同电动汽车厂家的协议标准和握手控制电路进行订制配套对接。
实际生产和应用中，本发明中所述的电动汽车包括纯电的电动汽车，也包括油电混合的混动汽车。
上述仅是本发明的优先选用实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应该被视为本发明的保护范围。

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  1. 一种靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统，其特征在于：包括固定太阳能板(1)、活动太阳能板(2)、太阳能板状态控制装置(3)、智能电压转化及控制模块(4)，所述固定太阳能板(1)固定安装在车顶上，所述活动太阳能板(2)安装在固定太阳能板(1)的两侧，所述太阳能板状态控制装置(3)与智能电压转化及控制模块(4)连接，用于接收车载信号、智能电压转化及控制模块(4)的信号，并控制活动太阳能板(2)收缩或伸展状态，
    所述固定太阳能板(1)与活动太阳能板(2)的输出电压并联，并联所得输出电压与智能电压转化及控制模块(4)连接，所述智能电压转化及控制模块(4)的电压输出端与电动汽车的充电口连接或与电动汽车动力电池连接，所述智能电压转化及控制模块(4)用于不同时间段不同光照强度下控制太阳能板产生最大转化率和最大充电功率，并跟电动汽车对接和控制充电，监控充电过程。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统，特征在于：所述智能电压转化及控制模块(4)含有MCU智能计算控制器(41)、电流感应器(42)、电压值检测电路(43)、电压变换器(44)和充电控制器(45)，所述电流感应器(42)和电压值检测电路(43)分别检测充电电流和电压，并与MCU智能计算控制器(41)连接，MCU智能计算控制器(41)与电压变换器(44)连接，电压变换器(44)输出与充电控制器(45)链接，所述MCU智能计算控制器(41)同一时间段同一光照强度下，控制电压变换器(44)转化产生不同电压，根据回传的电压、电流，计算和记忆不同充电功率和参数，选择以最大功率所对应的参数控制电压变换器(44)输出电压，并经过充电控制器(45)给电动汽车充电。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统，特征在于：所述电压变换器(44)为可控DC/DC电压变换器(440)或DC/AC电压变换器(441)，受MCU智能计算控制器(41)控制并可输出连续可调电压。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统，特征在于：所述充电控制器(45)为一种按原车充电插口的接口标准包含握手通信及控制功能的充电控制器(45)，充电控制器(45)输入端与电压变换器(44)输出端连接，充电控制器(45)输出端与电动汽车原直流充电口(51)连接，或与动力电池(53)的正负极连接，或与电动汽车交流充电口(54)连接，给电动汽车充电；所述充电控制器(45)还与MCU智能计算控制器(41)连接，MCU智能计算控制器(41)控制充电控制器(45)开启或停止充电。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统，特征在于：所述太阳能板状态控制装置(3)包括驱动活动太阳能板伸缩平移的驱动结构(31)、驱动控制模块(30)和低压的12v蓄电池(32)，所述驱动结构(31)与驱动控制模块(30)连接，所述驱动结构(31)安装固定太阳能板(1)的底部，所述12v蓄电池(32)分别与驱动控制模块(30)，与智能电压转化及控制模块(4)连接，并提供工作所需电源。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统，特征在于：所述驱动控制模块(30)包括车载信号输入单元(302)、MCU控制器(301)和马达控制器(303)，所述MCU控制器(301)与车载信号输入单元(302)连接，用于接收车辆跟充电有关的信号指令，所述MCU控制器(301)与MCU智能计算控制器(41)连接，用于接收充电状态信息，所述马达控制器(303)分别与MCU控制器(301)和驱动结构(31)连接。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统，特征在于：所述驱动结构(31)包含带齿轮的马达(311)、线槽导轨(313)、传动齿条(312)，所述传动齿条(312)固定在活动阳能板(2)下方，所述驱动的马达(311)安装在固定太阳板(1)的两端，且通过齿轮与传动齿条(312)啮合，由马达转动带动活动太阳能板(2)沿着线槽(313)导轨实现平移。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统，特征在于：所述可活动的太阳能板(2)分为前后两部分，每部分为单层或多层太阳能板组成，为单层结构或为多层叠加结构，所述固定太阳能板(1)和活动太阳能板(2)的电压输出端各串接有二极管，防止电流倒流。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统，特征在于：所述太阳能板状态控制装置(3)可进一步增加可伸缩的支杆(315)，所述伸缩支杆(315)的一端固定在车顶上，另一端与固定太阳能板(1)的底部铰接，所述伸缩支杆为3根，分别与马达控制器(303)连接，马达控制器(303)通过控制支杆伸缩，改变太阳能板的支点高低，改变太阳能板的平面角度，使太阳能板接近垂直于太阳光线。
    。
PCT/CN2021/105742 2020-07-19 2021-07-12 一种靠太阳能发电的电动汽车充电系统 Ceased WO2022017210A1 (zh)

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