WO2022016594A1 - 一种铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件的制造方法 - Google Patents

一种铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件的制造方法 Download PDF

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WO2022016594A1
WO2022016594A1 PCT/CN2020/105539 CN2020105539W WO2022016594A1 WO 2022016594 A1 WO2022016594 A1 WO 2022016594A1 CN 2020105539 W CN2020105539 W CN 2020105539W WO 2022016594 A1 WO2022016594 A1 WO 2022016594A1
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steel
silicon
aluminum
welding
strength hot
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French (fr)
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孙茜
朱天才
王晓南
胡增荣
孙立宁
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Suzhou University
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Suzhou University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B23K26/0821—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head using multifaceted mirrors, e.g. polygonal mirror
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special environment or atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special environment or atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of automobile parts manufacturing, in particular to a laser welding method for steel and high-strength hot forming steel without removing aluminum-silicon coating.
  • Hot-formed steel Pressure-harden steel, PHS
  • PHS Pressure-harden steel
  • the surface of the steel plate is usually pre-applied with an aluminum-silicon coating.
  • aluminum-silicon coating can provide good corrosion resistance and high-temperature oxidation resistance for steel plates, but it will bring new problems to the welding of steel plates.
  • laser ablation is the most effective technology, and it is also the only technology for industrialized production of aluminum-silicon-coated laser-tailored welded blanks.
  • laser ablation and electron beam ablation can be used to achieve laser welding of tailor-welded blanks containing aluminum-silicon-coated steel, the laser ablation process undoubtedly increases equipment investment, reduces production efficiency, and increases production costs.
  • the Chinese patent with publication number CN106392328B discloses a method for tailor welding a thermoformed steel sheet with Al-Si coating under the condition of protective gas using laser welding equipment, wherein the protection
  • the gas includes a mixture of one or both of oxygen and carbon dioxide and an inert gas.
  • the oxidizing gas used in this patent increases the oxygen partial pressure in the welding pool, so that the Al element entering the welding pool combines with the O element to form Al 2 O 3 that does not affect the strength and toughness of the weld, inhibiting Al and Fe
  • the elements form intermetallic compounds and affect the austenite transformation, and finally a weld zone with a full lath martensitic structure is obtained, and the strength of the weld reaches the level of the base metal.
  • the method does not need to add welding wire and does not need to remove the coating layer before welding, the method is simple, the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
  • this solution still has the following shortcomings: First, the group of tailor-welded blanks has high requirements on the gap, and the gap is generally required to be no more than 0.1t, which is virtually equivalent to increasing the difficulty of welding; second, during the welding process , if the aluminum in the coating enters the welding pool, there will still be a risk of segregation, resulting in instability in the production process; third, the welding pool stays for a very short time, and the oxidation reaction of aluminum is limited, resulting in poor results.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing aluminum-silicon-coated steel/high-strength hot-formed steel composite steel parts, which can realize Al-Si coated steel and Al-Si coated steel without removing the Al-Si coating.
  • the good connection of other high-strength hot-formed steels improves the mechanical properties of welded joints and reduces the formation of delta ferrite in the weld, providing favorable conditions for the next step of hot stamping.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a method for manufacturing aluminum-silicon-coated steel/high-strength hot-formed steel composite steel parts comprising:
  • Step 1 Fix an aluminum-silicon-coated steel plate and a high-strength hot-formed steel plate on the workbench in the form of splicing, so that the two steel plates are in close contact;
  • Step 2 under a protective atmosphere, laser galvanometer welding is performed on the butt joints of the two steel plates, so that the joints are melted and solidified to form a high-quality weld;
  • Step 3 hot stamping the welded steel plate to obtain aluminum-silicon-coated steel/high-strength hot-formed steel composite steel parts;
  • the protective atmosphere contains 5-100 vol.% oxidizing gas, and the moving path of the light spot is controlled to be offset by 0-3 mm to the side of the high-strength hot-formed steel sheet during the galvanometer welding.
  • the thickness of the aluminum-silicon coating of the aluminum-silicon coated steel sheet is 5-50 ⁇ m, and the aluminum content in the aluminum-silicon coating is more than 70%.
  • the thickness of the two steel plates is 0.8-3.0 mm, and the gap between the two steel plates is controlled to be less than 0.3t during fixing.
  • the composition of the steel plate in the aluminum-silicon coated steel plate is: 0.10% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.5%; 0.5% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 3%; 0.1% ⁇ Si ⁇ 1%; 0.01% ⁇ Cr ⁇ 1% ; Ti ⁇ 0.2%; Al ⁇ 0.1%; S ⁇ 0.05%; P ⁇ 0.1%; 0.0002% ⁇ B ⁇ 0.010%, and the rest is iron.
  • the composition of the high-strength hot-formed steel sheet is: 0.10% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.5%; 0.5% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 3%; 0.1% ⁇ Si ⁇ 1%; 0.01% ⁇ Cr ⁇ 1%; Ti ⁇ 0.2%; Al ⁇ 0.1%; S ⁇ 0.05%; P ⁇ 0.1%; 0.0002% ⁇ B ⁇ 0.010%, V ⁇ 0.2%, and the rest is iron.
  • the protective atmosphere is an oxidizing gas or is composed of an oxidizing gas and an inert gas
  • the inert gas is selected from one or more of helium, argon, and nitrogen
  • the oxidizing gas is The gas is CO 2 .
  • the protective atmosphere is the protective atmosphere in which the content of oxygen is less than or equal to 15 vol.%, and the content of CO 2 is less than or equal to 100 vol.%.
  • step 2 the flow rate of the protective atmosphere is 5-35 L/min, the upper and lower surfaces of the steel plate need to be protected by shielding gas during the welding process, and the angle between the upper surface shielding gas nozzle and the surface of the steel plate is less than 90°.
  • the parameters of the laser galvanometer welding are: laser power 1000-10000W, welding speed 1-20m/min, scanning trajectory is " ⁇ ", “ ⁇ ", “ ⁇ ” or , the scanning radius is 0.3 ⁇ 3.0mm, and the scanning speed is 200 ⁇ 2000mm/s.
  • step 3 the heating temperature during hot stamping is between 900-1000°C, the heating time is controlled at 3-8 min, and the cooling rate after hot stamping is controlled at more than 30°C/s.
  • the laser welding method of the aluminum-silicon coated steel/high-strength hot-formed steel of the present invention can realize the good connection between the Al-Si coated steel and other high-strength hot-formed steel without removing the Al-Si coating, and improve the welding joint.
  • the laser welding method of reducing the formation of delta ferrite in the weld provides favorable conditions for the next step of hot stamping.
  • the present invention utilizes laser galvanometer welding to replace existing laser linear welding, and the whirling vibration of laser galvanometer welding helps to stir the laser molten pool, so that the Al elements on the surface of the aluminum-silicon coated steel are uniformly dispersed in the molten pool, It helps to homogenize the elements in the molten pool, thereby enhancing the strength and toughness of the weld and improving the performance of the welded joint.
  • the moving path of the laser beam spot during welding is shifted by a certain distance to the side of the high-strength thermoforming steel.
  • the chemical composition content in the welding pool is a mixture of 50% Al-Si coated steel and 50% high-strength hot-forming steel;
  • the content of molten high-strength hot-formed steel in the molten pool is higher than 50%, while the content of molten aluminum-silicon coated steel is less than 50%, thereby reducing the content of Al in the molten pool, so that no delta ferrite is formed in the weld, all of which are Lath martensite, which significantly increases the strength and toughness of the weld.
  • the present invention utilizes laser galvanometer to weld aluminum-silicon-coated steel and high-strength thermoforming steel to obtain a beautifully formed weld surface, no segregation of aluminum elements in the weld, no welding defects such as cracks, pores and inclusions, and no obvious weld surface. Oxidation phenomenon.
  • laser beam swing welding has a wider seam width, and laser beam swing welding has a greater tolerance to the weld gap, which can reach 0.3t and below, so it can reduce the difficulty of welding, thereby reducing Welding costs.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the laser welding method of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the macroscopic topography of the upper surface of the weld seam welded by laser galvanometer in Example 1 (the upper side plate is aluminum-silicon coated steel, and the lower side plate is 2GPa hot-formed steel);
  • Figure 3 is the microstructure of the weld after linear laser welding and hot forming in Comparative Example 1 (LM refers to lath martensite, ⁇ -F refers to ⁇ ferrite);
  • Fig. 4 is the microstructure of the welded seam after laser galvanometer welding and thermoforming in Comparative Example 2;
  • Example 5 is the microstructure of the welded seam after laser galvanometer welding and thermoforming in Example 1.
  • the welding of aluminum-silicon coated plates is mainly realized by three means: removing the aluminum-silicon coating, laser wire filling welding and optimizing the welding process.
  • these three methods increase equipment investment and change the Various problems such as alloy composition and increased production cost.
  • the present invention provides a manufacturing method of aluminum-silicon-coated steel/high-strength hot-formed steel composite steel parts, including:
  • the protective atmosphere contains 5-100 vol.% oxidizing gas, and the moving path of the light spot is controlled to be offset by 0-3 mm to the side of the high-strength hot-formed steel sheet during the galvanometer welding.
  • the steel plate is preferably pretreated before welding to remove oil stains on the surface of the steel plate.
  • the pretreatment is specifically cleaning the hot-formed steel sheet with a solvent, and then air-drying.
  • a solvent As the solvent, ethanol, acetone and other commonly used cleaning solvents in the art can be used.
  • the steel plate can be directly fixed for welding after cleaning, and there is no need to remove the aluminum-silicon coating on the surface of the hot-formed steel plate by means of laser ablation, mechanical peeling, etc., which not only simplifies the welding process, but also reduces equipment investment and production costs. .
  • fixing the steel plates on the workbench in the form of splicing is specifically: placing two steel plates on the workbench, and using welding fixtures to fix them, so that the two steel plates are butted together.
  • the workbench and the welding fixture are not limited, and may be workbenches and welding fixtures well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the thickness of the two steel plates may be equal or unequal, and the thickness of the two steel plates is preferably between 0.8 and 3.0 mm.
  • the gap between the steel plates can be controlled to be less than 0.3t, while the gap requirement of ordinary laser linear welding is not more than 0.1t. This shows that the welding method of the present invention has a higher tolerance of the gap of the welding seam, and can be used on components with lower requirements on the gap.
  • the source of the aluminum-silicon-coated steel sheet used is not particularly limited, and it can be the aluminum-silicon-coated steel sheet commonly used in the field.
  • the thickness of the aluminum-silicon coating is preferably between 5 and 50 ⁇ m, and the aluminum content in the aluminum-silicon coating is preferably more than 70%.
  • the composition of the steel sheet may be (in mass percentage): 0.10% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.5%; 0.5% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 3%; 0.1% ⁇ Si ⁇ 1%; 0.01% ⁇ Cr ⁇ 1 %; Ti ⁇ 0.2%; Al ⁇ 0.1%; S ⁇ 0.05%; P ⁇ 0.1%; 0.0002% ⁇ B ⁇ 0.010%, the rest are iron and inevitable impurities in the production process.
  • the composition may be (in mass percentage): 0.10% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.5%; 0.5% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 3%; 0.1% ⁇ Si ⁇ 1%; 0.01% ⁇ Cr ⁇ 1%; Ti ⁇ 0.2%; Al ⁇ 0.1%; S ⁇ 0.05%; P ⁇ 0.1%; 0.0002% ⁇ B ⁇ 0.010%, V ⁇ 0.2%, and the rest is iron.
  • the protective atmosphere is an oxidizing gas; or a mixed gas composed of an oxidizing gas and an inert gas.
  • the oxidizing gas can be CO 2 ;
  • the inert gas can be one or more of helium, argon, and nitrogen.
  • the content of oxygen is less than or equal to 15 vol.%, and the content of CO 2 is less than or equal to 100 vol.%.
  • the protective atmosphere is: 80% Ar+20% CO 2 or 100% CO 2 .
  • the flow rate of the protective atmosphere is preferably 5-35 L/min, preferably 10-20 L/min.
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the steel plate must be fed with protective gas at the same time, and the angle between the upper surface gas nozzle and the surface of the steel plate is less than 90°.
  • the used laser welding equipment can be a fiber laser, a semiconductor laser or a carbon dioxide laser.
  • the parameters of laser galvanometer welding are: the laser power is preferably 1000-10000W, the welding speed is preferably 1-20m/min, and the scanning trajectory can be " ⁇ " or “ ⁇ ” or Or “ ⁇ ” or the like can achieve similar trajectory changes, the scanning radius is preferably 0.3-3.0 mm, and the scanning speed is preferably 200-2000 mm/s.
  • the moving path of the light spot is shifted to the side of the high-strength thermoforming steel sheet by 0-3 mm, which means that the center of the laser scanning track is located on the side of the high-strength thermoforming steel sheet, and the distance between the butt joints with the two steel sheets is 0 to 3 mm, for example, may be 0.2 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.5 mm, or the like. Its function is to not only realize the fusion welding of two steel plates, but also realize that the mass fraction of Al element in the molten pool is lower than the minimum mass fraction for forming delta ferrite.
  • the heating temperature during hot stamping of the tailor welded blank is preferably between 900 and 1000°C, the heating time is preferably controlled at 3 to 8 minutes, and the cooling rate after hot stamping is preferably controlled at more than 30°C/s.
  • the welding seam strength of the laser welded joint formed after welding is 1000-1500 MPa
  • the strength of the aluminum-silicon coating side of the steel parts after hot stamping can reach 1500 MPa
  • the strength of the high-strength hot-formed steel side can reach 2000 MPa.
  • the steel parts prepared by the invention can be used for possible future application positions such as A-pillars, B-pillars, intermediate passages, door knockers, etc. of the body-in-white of automobiles.
  • the welding method of oscillating galvanometer of aluminum-silicon-coated steel/high-strength hot-formed steel includes the following steps:
  • Step (1) select 1.5mm thick aluminum-silicon-coated 22MnB5 steel and 1.5mm-thick 2GPa hot-formed steel, remove oil stains with alcohol; the coating thickness of aluminum-silicon coated 22MnB5 steel is 20 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m.
  • Step (2) Place the two steel plates on the workbench in the form of splicing, and use a special welding fixture to make the two steel plates in close contact.
  • Step (3) use the IPG-6kW fiber laser to weld the test board, the laser power used is 3.0kW, the welding speed is 5.0m/min, the swing diameter is 0.5mm, the swing frequency is 50Hz, and the defocus amount is +5.0mm, the shielding gas used is 80% Ar+20% CO 2 , and the path of the light spot during welding is shifted by 0.5mm from the splicing path of the two plates to the 2GPa hot-formed steel side.
  • Step (4) After obtaining the tailored laser welded blank, post-weld heat treatment is performed on it, and the heat treatment process is 930° C. for 5 minutes, followed by quenching treatment (water quenching), and finally a quenched laser tailored blank is obtained.
  • Oscillating laser welding of Al-Si-coated steel/high-strength hot-formed steel includes the following steps:
  • Step (1) Select 2.0mm thick aluminum-silicon-coated 22MnB5 steel and 1.5mm-thick 1800MPa hot-formed steel, and remove oil stains with alcohol; the coating thickness of aluminum-silicon coated 22MnB5 steel is 20 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m.
  • Step (2) Place the two steel plates on the workbench in the form of splicing, and use a special welding fixture to make the two steel plates in close contact.
  • Step (3) Use the IPG-10kW fiber laser to splicing and welding the test board.
  • the laser power used is 10.0kW
  • the welding speed is 6.0m/min
  • the defocusing amount is 0mm
  • the swing diameter is 6.0mm
  • the spot direction is 1800MPa.
  • the steel side is offset by 2.5mm and the swing frequency is 50Hz.
  • the protective gas used is 100% CO 2
  • the moving path of the spot during welding is the splicing path of two steel plates.
  • Step (4) After obtaining the tailored laser welded blank, heat treatment is performed on it.
  • the heat treatment process is 950° C. for 5 minutes, and then quenched (water quenching) to finally obtain a quenched tailored laser welded blank.
  • the strength of the welded joint can reach more than 1500MPa, and the tensile fracture position appears on the aluminum-silicon-coated steel side. After hot forming, the strength of the aluminum-silicon coating 22MnB5 steel side reaches 1500MPa, and the strength of the high-strength steel side can reach 1800MPa.
  • the microstructure of the entire composite part is lath martensite without other structures.
  • Linear laser welding of Al-Si-coated steel/high-strength hot-formed steel includes the following steps:
  • Step (1) select 1.5mm thick aluminum-silicon-coated 22MnB5 steel and 1.5mm-thick 2GPa hot-formed steel, remove oil stains with alcohol; the coating thickness of aluminum-silicon coated 22MnB5 steel is 20 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m.
  • Step (2) Place the two steel plates on the workbench in the form of splicing, and use a special welding fixture to make the two steel plates in close contact.
  • Step (3) Use the IPG-6kW fiber laser to weld the test board, the laser power used is 3.0kW, the welding speed is 5.0m/min, the defocusing amount is +5.0mm, and the shielding gas used is 80% Ar +20% CO 2 , the moving path of the spot during welding is the splicing path of two steel plates.
  • Step (4) After obtaining the tailored laser welded blank, heat treatment is performed on it.
  • the heat treatment process is 930° C. for 5 minutes, and then quenched (water quenching) to finally obtain a quenched tailored laser welded blank.
  • Oscillating laser welding of Al-Si-coated steel/high-strength hot-formed steel includes the following steps:
  • Step (1) select 1.5mm thick aluminum-silicon-coated 22MnB5 steel and 1.5mm-thick 2GPa hot-forming steel, remove oil stains with alcohol; the coating thickness of aluminum-silicon coated 22MnB5 steel is 20 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
  • Step (2) Place the two steel plates on the workbench in the form of splicing, and use a special welding fixture to make the two steel plates in close contact.
  • Step (3) Use the IPG-6kW fiber laser to weld the test board.
  • the laser power used is 3.0kW
  • the welding speed is 5.0m/min
  • the defocusing amount is +5.0mm
  • the swing diameter is 0.5mm and 0.8 mm
  • the swing frequency is 50Hz.
  • the protective gas used is 80% Ar+20% CO 2
  • the moving path of the spot during welding is the splicing path of two steel plates.
  • Step (4) After obtaining the tailored laser welded blank, heat treatment is performed on it.
  • the heat treatment process is 930° C. for 5 minutes, and then quenched (water quenching) to finally obtain a quenched tailored laser welded blank.
  • Linear laser welding of Al-Si-coated steel/high-strength hot-formed steel includes the following steps:
  • Step (1) select 1.5mm thick aluminum-silicon-coated 22MnB5 steel and 1.5mm-thick 2GPa hot-forming steel, remove oil stains with alcohol; the coating thickness of aluminum-silicon coated 22MnB5 steel is 20 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
  • Step (2) Place the two steel plates on the workbench in the form of splicing, and use a special welding fixture to make the two steel plates in close contact.
  • Step (3) Use the IPG-6kW fiber laser to weld the test board, the laser power used is 3.0kW, the welding speed is 5.0m/min, the defocusing amount is +5.0mm, and the shielding gas used is 80% Ar +20% CO 2 , the light spot path during welding is offset by 0.5mm from the splicing path of the two plates to the 2GPa hot-formed steel side.
  • Step (4) After obtaining the tailored laser welded blank, post-weld heat treatment is performed on it, and the heat treatment process is 930° C. for 5 minutes, followed by quenching treatment (water quenching), and finally a quenched laser tailored blank is obtained.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件的制造方法，包括：将一铝硅镀层钢板与一高强热成形钢板以拼接的形式固定于工作台上，使两块钢板紧密接触；在保护气氛下，对两块钢板的对接处进行激光振镜焊接，使得对接处熔化并凝固，形成高质量的焊缝；对焊接后的钢板进行热冲压，获得铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件；其中，保护气氛中含有5～100vol.％的氧化性气体，振镜焊接时控制光斑的移动路径向高强热成形钢板一侧偏移0～3mm。本发明的铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢的激光焊接方法，能够在不去除Al-Si镀层的条件下，实现Al-Si镀层钢与其他高强热成形钢的良好连接，提高焊接接头的力学性能，降低焊缝中的δ铁素体的形成。

Description

一种铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件的制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车零部件件制造技术领域，具体涉及一种不去除铝硅镀层钢与高强热成形钢的激光焊接方法。
背景技术
汽车轻量化是现代汽车的重要发展方向，而减轻车身重量是实现汽车轻量化的一个重要途径。在车身中使用先进高强钢或超高强度钢代替普通钢，可以在保证汽车安全性的前提下，实现汽车的轻量化。热成形钢(Press-harden steel，PHS)是目前汽车白车身用强度最高的钢材之一，其抗拉强度可达1500MPa以上。热成形钢具有超高强度，能够在汽车碰撞过程中很好的保持车体内部结构从而避免乘客受到严重伤害，有效提高了汽车的安全性能。而热冲压成形钢在生产过程中，为防止冲压过程发生表面氧化和脱碳，钢板表面通常提前预置铝硅镀层。铝硅镀层的存在可以为钢板提供良好的抗腐蚀能力和高温抗氧化性，但却会给钢板的焊接带来新的问题。
国内外学者对铝硅镀层钢的焊接性能做了大量研究，获得了大量的有价值的研究成果，研究认为铝硅镀层的存在，使得焊缝及熔合区中有Fe-Al金属间化合物或较软铁素体的析出，会严重恶化焊接接头的力学性能。
为了解决这一问题，国内外提出了大量的解决方案；主要可归纳总结为以下三个方面：第一，去除铝硅镀层；第二，激光填丝焊接；第三，优化焊接工艺。
对于去除铝硅镀层方面，现有的主要技术路线包括机械剥除、激光烧蚀和 化学法去除。相对比而言，激光烧蚀是最为有效的技术，也是目前铝硅镀层激光拼焊板工业化生产的唯一技术。尽管采用激光烧蚀、电子束烧蚀可实现包含铝硅镀层钢的激光拼焊板的激光焊接，但是激光烧蚀工序无疑增加了设备投入、降低了生产效率、提高了生产成本。
对于激光填丝焊接而言，通过添加包含奥氏体形成元素(C、Mn、Ni、N)的焊丝，进而抑制焊缝中delta铁素体的形成。尽管避免了焊接前的激光烧蚀，但是激光焊接填丝却无疑增加了焊丝的投入、并且改变了激光焊缝处的合金化成分，可能会对后续的热冲压成形过程带来新的问题。
对于优化激光焊接工艺方面，主要是通过调整激光焊接功率、改变焊缝形状或者采用激光摆动焊接等方法，尽管能小幅度提高激光焊缝强度，但是并不能从根本上解决这一问题。
公开号为CN106392328B的中国专利(公开日为2017年2月15日)公开了一种使用激光焊接设备将带Al-Si镀层的热成形钢板在保护气体的条件下进行拼焊的方法，其中保护气体包括氧气和二氧化碳的一种或两种与惰性气体的混合气体。该专利采用的氧化性气体提高了焊接熔池中的氧分压，使得进入到焊接熔池中的Al元素与O元素结合形成对焊缝强韧性不影响的Al 2O 3，抑制Al与Fe元素形成金属间化合物和影响奥氏体相变，最终获得全板条马氏体组织的焊缝区，焊缝的强度达到母材水平。该方法无需添加焊丝，也无需焊前去除镀层，方法简单、提高了生产效率、降低了生产成本。但是该方案仍存在以下缺点：第一，对于拼焊板的组对间隙要求较高，一般要求间隙不大于0.1t，这无形中相当于增加了焊接的难度；第二，在焊接的过程中，如果镀层中铝一旦进入焊接熔池内仍会出现偏聚的风险，导致生产过程中的不稳定；第三，焊接熔池停留的时间非常短，铝的氧化反应受限，导致效果不好。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制 零部件的制造方法，该方法能够在不去除Al-Si镀层的条件下，实现Al-Si镀层钢与其他高强热成形钢的良好连接，提高焊接接头的力学性能，降低焊缝中的δ铁素体的形成，为下一步热冲压成形提供了有利条件。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了如下的技术方案：
一种铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件的制造方法，包括：
步骤一：将一铝硅镀层钢板与一高强热成形钢板以拼接的形式固定于工作台上，使两块钢板紧密接触；
步骤二：在保护气氛下，对所述两块钢板的对接处进行激光振镜焊接，使得对接处熔化并凝固，形成高质量的焊缝；
步骤三：对焊接后的钢板进行热冲压，获得铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件；
其中，所述保护气氛中含有5～100vol.％的氧化性气体，振镜焊接时控制光斑的移动路径向高强热成形钢板一侧偏移0～3mm。
进一步地，步骤一中，所述铝硅镀层钢板的铝硅镀层厚度为5～50μm，铝硅镀层中铝含量在70％以上。
进一步地，步骤一中，所述两块钢板的厚度为0.8～3.0mm，固定时控制两块钢板之间的间隙在0.3t以下。
进一步地，步骤一中，所述铝硅镀层钢板中钢板的成分为：0.10％≤C≤0.5％；0.5％≤Mn≤3％；0.1％≤Si≤1％；0.01％≤Cr≤1％；Ti≤0.2％；Al≤0.1％；S≤0.05％；P≤0.1％；0.0002％≤B≤0.010％，其余为铁。
进一步地，步骤一中，所述高强热成形钢板的成分为：0.10％≤C≤0.5％；0.5％≤Mn≤3％；0.1％≤Si≤1％；0.01％≤Cr≤1％；Ti≤ 0.2％；Al≤0.1％；S≤0.05％；P≤0.1％；0.0002％≤B≤0.010％，V≤0.2％，其余为铁。
进一步地，步骤二中，所述保护气氛为氧化性气体或由氧化性气体与惰性气体组成，所述惰性气体选自氦气、氩气、氮气中的一种或多种，所述氧化性气体为CO 2。
进一步地，步骤二中，所述保护气氛为所述保护气氛中，氧气的含量≤15vol.％，CO 2的含量≤100vol.％。
进一步地，步骤二中，所述保护气氛的流速为5～35L/min，焊接过程中钢板的上下表面均需要保护气保护，上表面保护气喷嘴与钢板表面的夹角小于90°。
进一步地，步骤二中，所述激光振镜焊接的参数为：激光功率1000～10000W，焊接速度1～20m/min，扫描轨迹为“○”、“∞”、“←→”或
Figure PCTCN2020105539-appb-000001
，扫描半径为0.3～3.0mm，扫描速度为200～2000mm/s。
进一步地，步骤三中，热冲压时加热温度为900-1000℃之间，加热时间控制在3～8min，热冲压之后的冷却速度控制在30℃/s以上。
本发明的有益效果：
1.本发明的铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢的激光焊接方法，能够在不去除Al-Si镀层的条件下，实现Al-Si镀层钢与其他高强热成形钢的良好连接，提高焊接接头的力学性能，降低焊缝中的δ铁素体形成的激光焊接方法，为下一步热冲压成形提供了有利条件。
2.本发明利用激光振镜焊接代替现有的激光线性焊接，激光振镜焊接的回旋振动有助于搅拌激光熔池，从而使铝硅镀层钢表面的Al元素均匀的分散于熔池中，有助于熔池内元素均匀化，从而增强焊缝的强度和韧性，提高焊接接头 的性能。
3.本发明的激光振镜焊接，焊接时的激光束光斑移动路径向高强热成形钢侧偏移一定的距离。当光斑移动路径无偏移时，焊接熔池内的化学成分含量为50％铝硅镀层钢和50％的高强热成形钢的混合物；当光斑移动路径向高强热成形钢侧偏移时，焊接熔池内熔化的高强热成形钢的含量更高大于50％，而熔化的铝硅镀层钢的含量小于50％，从而降低熔池内Al元素的含量，使得焊缝内无δ铁素体生成，全为板条马氏体，显著提高了焊缝的强度和韧性。
4.本发明利用激光振镜焊接铝硅镀层钢和高强热成形钢获得的焊缝表面成形美观，焊缝内无铝元素偏聚，无裂纹、气孔和夹杂等焊接缺陷，焊缝表面无明显氧化现象。相比于传统的激光线性焊接，激光束摆动焊接焊缝的宽度更大，且激光束摆动焊接对焊缝间隙容忍度更大，可以达到0.3t及以下，因此可以降低焊接的难度，从而降低焊接成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明的激光焊接方法的示意图；
图2是实施例1中激光振镜焊接的焊缝上表面的宏观形貌(上侧板为铝硅镀层钢，下侧板为2GPa热成形钢)；
图3是对比例1中线性激光焊接并热成形后焊缝的显微组织(LM指板条马氏体，δ-F指δ铁素体)；
图4是对比例2中激光振镜焊接并热成形后焊缝的显微组织；
图5是实施例1中激光振镜焊接并热成形后焊缝的显微组织。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，以使本领域的技术人员可以更好地理解本发明并能予以实施，但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
如背景技术所述，现有技术中主要通过去除铝硅镀层、激光填丝焊接和优化焊接工艺这三种手段实现铝硅镀层板的焊接，但是这三种手段存在增加了设备投入、改变了合金成分、提高了生产成本等各种问题。
为了解决上述种种技术问题，本发明提供了一种铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件的制造方法，包括：
将一铝硅镀层钢板与一高强热成形钢板以拼接的形式固定于工作台上，使两块钢板紧密接触；
在保护气氛下，对所述两块钢板的对接处进行激光振镜焊接，使得对接处熔化并凝固，形成高质量的焊缝；
对焊接后的钢板进行热冲压，获得铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件；
其中，所述保护气氛中含有5～100vol.％的氧化性气体，振镜焊接时控制光斑的移动路径向高强热成形钢板一侧偏移0～3mm。
本发明中，钢板在焊接前优选地经过预处理，以除去钢板表面的油污。所述预处理具体为使用溶剂清洗所述热成形钢板，然后风干。作为所述溶剂，可为乙醇、丙酮等本领域常用的清洗溶剂。
本发明中，钢板经过清洗后可直接固定进行焊接，无需通过激光烧蚀、机械剥离等方式去除热成形钢板表面的铝硅镀层，既简化了焊接工艺，又减少了设备投入，降低了生产成本。
本发明中，将钢板以拼接的形式固定于工作台上具体为：将两块钢板置于工作台上，使用焊接夹具固定住，使得两块钢板对接。其中，对工作台和焊接 夹具不做限定，可为本领域技术人员熟知的工作台和焊接夹具。
本发明中，两块钢板的厚度可以等厚，也可以不等厚，两块钢板的厚度优选地在0.8～3.0mm之间。
本发明中，两块钢板对接时，钢板之间的间隙可控制在0.3t以下，而普通激光线性焊接的间隙要求是不大于0.1t。这说明本发明的焊接方法具有更高的焊缝间隙容忍度，可用于对间隙要求较低的构件上。
本发明中，对于所采用的铝硅镀层钢板的来源并无特殊限制，可为本领域常用的铝硅镀层钢板。其中，铝硅镀层厚度优选地在5～50μm之间，铝硅镀层中铝含量优选地在70％以上。
作为上述铝硅镀层钢板，其中钢板的成分可为(按质量百分比计)：0.10％≤C≤0.5％；0.5％≤Mn≤3％；0.1％≤Si≤1％；0.01％≤Cr≤1％；Ti≤0.2％；Al≤0.1％；S≤0.05％；P≤0.1％；0.0002％≤B≤0.010％，其余为铁以及生产过程中不可避免的杂质。
作为上述高强热成形钢板，其成分可为(按质量百分比计)：0.10％≤C≤0.5％；0.5％≤Mn≤3％；0.1％≤Si≤1％；0.01％≤Cr≤1％；Ti≤0.2％；Al≤0.1％；S≤0.05％；P≤0.1％；0.0002％≤B≤0.010％，V≤0.2％，其余为铁。
本发明中，所述保护气氛为氧化性气体；或氧化性气体与惰性气体组成的混合气体。所述氧化性气体可为CO 2；所述惰性气体可为氦气、氩气、氮气中的一种或多种。优选地，所述保护气氛中，氧气的含量≤15vol.％，CO 2的含量≤100vol.％。进一步优选地，所述保护气氛为：80％Ar+20％CO 2或100％CO 2。
本发明中，所述保护气氛的流速优选为5～35L/min，优选为10～20L/min。
本发明中，钢板的上下表面必须同时通入保护气，且上表面气体喷嘴与钢板表面之间夹角小于90°。
本发明中，所采用的激光焊接设备可为光纤激光器、半导体激光器或二氧 化碳激光器。
本发明中，激光振镜焊接的参数为：激光功率优选为1000～10000W，焊接速度优选为1～20m/min，扫描轨迹可为“○”或“∞”或
Figure PCTCN2020105539-appb-000002
或“←→”或其他类似能够实现类似轨迹变动，扫描半径优选为0.3～3.0mm，扫描速度优选为200～2000mm/s。
本发明中，所述光斑的移动路径向高强热成形钢板一侧偏移0～3mm指的是，激光扫描轨迹的中心位于高强热成形钢板一侧，且与两块钢板的对接处的距离为0～3mm，例如可为0.2mm、0.4mm、0.6mm、0.8mm、1.5mm、2.5mm等。其作用是，既可以实现两种钢板的熔化焊接，又可以实现熔池内Al元素的质量分数低于形成δ铁素体的最低质量分数。
本发明中，拼焊板的热冲压时的加热温度优选为900～1000℃之间，加热时间优选地控制在3～8min，热冲压之后的冷却速度优选地控制在30℃/s以上。通过以上热冲压处理，保证基材和焊缝的显微组织主要为板条马氏体。
本发明中，焊接完成后形成的激光焊接接头的焊缝强度为1000～1500MPa，热冲压后的钢制零部件铝硅镀层侧强度达到1500MPa，高强热成形钢侧的强度可以达到2000MPa。
本发明制备的钢制零部件，可用于汽车白车身的A柱、B柱和中间通道、门环等未来有可能的应用位置。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法，所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢的摆动振镜焊接方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)：选用1.5mm厚铝硅镀层22MnB5钢和1.5mm厚2GPa热成形钢，酒精去油污；铝硅镀层22MnB5钢的镀层厚度为20μm～40μm。
步骤(2)：将两块钢板以拼接的形式置于工作台上，并用专用的焊接夹具使两块钢板紧密接触。
步骤(3)：利用IPG-6kW光纤激光器对试验板进行拼板接焊，所用激光功率为3.0kW，焊接速度为5.0m/min，摆动直径为0.5mm，摆动频率为50Hz，离焦量为+5.0mm，所用保护气为80％Ar+20％CO 2，焊接时光斑路径由两板拼接路径向2GPa热成形钢侧偏移0.5mm。
步骤(4)：获得激光拼焊板后，对其进行焊后热处理，热处理工艺为930℃保温5min，随后对其进行淬火处理(水淬)，最终获得淬火态的激光拼焊板。
参见附图5，焊后观察焊缝宏观形貌优良，无明显飞溅，焊缝组织全为板条马氏体，无δ铁素体。焊接接头的强度达到1500MPa及以上。热成形后铝硅镀层22MnB5钢侧的强度达到1500MPa及以上，高强钢侧强度达到2000MPa，整个拼焊板零部件的组织均是马氏体。
实施例2
铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢的摆动激光焊接，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)：选用2.0mm厚铝硅镀层22MnB5钢和1.5mm厚1800MPa热成形钢，酒精去油污；铝硅镀层22MnB5钢的镀层厚度为20μm～40μm。
步骤(2)：将两块钢板以拼接的形式置于工作台上，并用专用的焊接夹具使两块钢板紧密接触。
步骤(3)：利用IPG-10kW光纤激光器对试验板进行拼板接焊，所用激光功率为10.0kW，焊接速度为6.0m/min，离焦量为0mm，摆动直径为6.0mm，光斑向1800MPa钢侧偏移2.5mm，摆动频率为50Hz。所用保护气为100％CO 2，焊接时光斑移动路径为两钢板拼接路径。
步骤(4)：获得激光拼焊板后，对其进行热处理，热处理工艺为950℃保温5min，随后对其进行淬火处理(水淬)，最终获得淬火态的激光拼焊板。
焊接接头的强度可达到1500MPa以上，拉伸断裂位置出现在铝硅镀层钢侧。热成形后铝硅镀层22MnB5钢侧的强度达到1500MPa，高强钢侧强度可达到1800MPa，整个复合零部件的显微组织均为板条马氏体，无其他组织。
对比例1
铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢的线性激光焊接，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)：选用1.5mm厚铝硅镀层22MnB5钢和1.5mm厚2GPa热成形钢，酒精去油污；铝硅镀层22MnB5钢的镀层厚度为20μm～40μm。
步骤(2)：将两块钢板以拼接的形式置于工作台上，并用专用的焊接夹具使两块钢板紧密接触。
步骤(3)：利用IPG-6kW光纤激光器对试验板进行拼板接焊，所用激光功率为3.0kW，焊接速度为5.0m/min，离焦量为+5.0mm，所用保护气为80％Ar+20％CO 2，焊接时光斑移动路径为两钢板拼接路径。
步骤(4)：获得激光拼焊板后，对其进行热处理，热处理工艺为930℃保温5min，随后对其进行淬火处理(水淬)，最终获得淬火态的激光拼焊板。
从图3中可以看出，焊缝宏观形貌优良，焊接接头靠近铝硅镀层22MnB5钢侧存在较多的δ铁素体。焊接接头的强度可达到1400MPa及以上。热成形后铝硅镀层22MnB5钢侧的强度达到1500MPa，高强钢侧强度可达到2000MPa。
对比例2
铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢的摆动激光焊接，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)：选用1.5mm厚铝硅镀层22MnB5钢和1.5mm厚2GPa热成形钢，酒精去油污；铝硅镀层22MnB5钢的镀层厚度为20μm～30μm。
步骤(2)：将两块钢板以拼接的形式置于工作台上，并用专用的焊接夹具使两块钢板紧密接触。
步骤(3)：利用IPG-6kW光纤激光器对试验板进行拼板接焊，所用激光功率为3.0kW，焊接速度为5.0m/min，离焦量为+5.0mm，摆动直径为0.5mm和0.8mm，摆动频率为50Hz。所用保护气为80％Ar+20％CO 2，焊接时光斑移动路径为两钢板拼接路径。
步骤(4)：获得激光拼焊板后，对其进行热处理，热处理工艺为930℃保温5min，随后对其进行淬火处理(水淬)，最终获得淬火态的激光拼焊板。
当摆动直径为0.5mm时，无明显飞溅，观察到焊缝宏观形貌优良。摆动直径为0.8mm时，飞溅明显，观察到焊缝宏观形貌较差。两种摆动直径下的焊接接头靠近铝硅镀层22MnB5钢侧存在少量的δ铁素体。焊接接头的强度可达到1400MPa及以上。热成形后铝硅镀层22MnB5钢侧的强度达到1500MPa，高强钢侧强度可达到2000MPa。
对比例3
铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢的线性激光焊接，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)：选用1.5mm厚铝硅镀层22MnB5钢和1.5mm厚2GPa热成形钢，酒精去油污；铝硅镀层22MnB5钢的镀层厚度为20μm～30μm。
步骤(2)：将两块钢板以拼接的形式置于工作台上，并用专用的焊接夹具使两块钢板紧密接触。
步骤(3)：利用IPG-6kW光纤激光器对试验板进行拼板接焊，所用激光功率为3.0kW，焊接速度为5.0m/min，离焦量为+5.0mm，所用保护气为80％Ar+20％CO 2，焊接时光斑路径由两板拼接路径向2GPa热成形钢侧偏移0.5mm。
步骤(4)：获得激光拼焊板后，对其进行焊后热处理，热处理工艺为930℃保温5min，随后对其进行淬火处理(水淬)，最终获得淬火态的激光拼焊板。
焊后观察到焊缝的铝硅镀层22MnB5钢侧存在一定的未熔透缺陷，焊接接头的强度较差，不能满足实际生产的要求。
表1不同焊接方式下接头的抗拉强度
Figure PCTCN2020105539-appb-000003
从表1的结果可以看出，与单纯线性焊接和摆动焊接相比，采用摆动焊接+偏移0.5mm，能够提高焊接接头的抗拉强度。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例，本发明的保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换，均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件的制造方法，其特征在于，包括：
    步骤一：将一铝硅镀层钢板与一高强热成形钢板以拼接的形式固定于工作台上，使两块钢板紧密接触；
    步骤二：在保护气氛下，对所述两块钢板的对接处进行激光振镜焊接，使得对接处熔化并凝固，形成高质量的焊缝；
    步骤三：对焊接后的钢板进行热冲压，获得铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件；
    其中，所述保护气氛中含有5～100vol.％的氧化性气体，振镜焊接时控制光斑的移动路径向高强热成形钢板一侧偏移0～3mm。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤一中，所述铝硅镀层钢板的铝硅镀层厚度为5～50μm，铝硅镀层中铝含量在70％以上。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤一中，所述两块钢板的厚度为0.8～3.0mm，固定时控制两块钢板之间的间隙在0.3t以下。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤一中，所述铝硅镀层钢板中钢板的成分为：0.10％≤C≤0.5％；0.5％≤Mn≤3％；0.1％≤Si≤1％；0.01％≤Cr≤1％；Ti≤0.2％；Al≤0.1％；S≤0.05％；P≤0.1％；0.0002％≤B≤0.010％，其余为铁。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件的 制造方法，其特征在于，步骤一中，所述高强热成形钢板的成分为：0.10％≤C≤0.5％；0.5％≤Mn≤3％；0.1％≤Si≤1％；0.01％≤Cr≤1％；Ti≤0.2％；Al≤0.1％；S≤0.05％；P≤0.1％；0.0002％≤B≤0.010％，V≤0.2％，其余为铁。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤二中，所述保护气氛为氧化性气体或由氧化性气体与惰性气体组成，所述惰性气体选自氦气、氩气、氮气中的一种或多种，所述氧化性气体为CO 2。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的一种铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤二中，所述保护气氛为所述保护气氛中，氧气的含量≤15vol.％，CO 2的含量≤100vol.％。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的一种铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤二中，所述保护气氛的流速为5～35L/min，焊接过程中钢板的上下表面均需要保护气保护，上表面保护气喷嘴与钢板表面的夹角小于90°。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的一种铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤二中，所述激光振镜焊接的参数为：激光功率1000～10000W，焊接速度1～20m/min，扫描轨迹为“○”、“∞”、“←→”或“/\/\/\/\/\/”，扫描半径为0.3～3.0mm，扫描速度为200～2000mm/s。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的一种铝硅镀层钢/高强热成形钢复合钢制零部件的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤三中，热冲压时加热温度为900～1000℃之间，加热时间控制在3～8min，热冲压之后的冷却速度控制在30℃/s以上。
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CN114346439A (zh) * 2022-02-10 2022-04-15 上海工程技术大学 一种提高铝硅镀层热成形超高强钢激光焊接头性能的方法
CN115609238A (zh) * 2022-10-14 2023-01-17 青岛福晓钢结构有限公司 一种锅炉钢制造工艺
CN116117294A (zh) * 2023-03-20 2023-05-16 唐山钢铁集团有限责任公司 铝硅镀层2000MPa级热成形钢的电阻点焊工艺
CN116493756A (zh) * 2023-05-09 2023-07-28 鞍钢股份有限公司 铝硅镀层热成形钢抗氢致开裂激光焊接接头的制造方法
CN117259972A (zh) * 2023-09-11 2023-12-22 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 一种热成形钢拼焊部件热压处理方法

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