WO2022013846A1 - Convertible agricultural machine - Google Patents

Convertible agricultural machine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022013846A1
WO2022013846A1 PCT/IB2021/057707 IB2021057707W WO2022013846A1 WO 2022013846 A1 WO2022013846 A1 WO 2022013846A1 IB 2021057707 W IB2021057707 W IB 2021057707W WO 2022013846 A1 WO2022013846 A1 WO 2022013846A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
machine
shaft
transmission mechanism
engine
transmission
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2021/057707
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Antonio POTIGNANO
Original Assignee
Potignano Antonio
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from IT102020000020560A external-priority patent/IT202000020560A1/en
Priority claimed from IT102020000020614A external-priority patent/IT202000020614A1/en
Priority claimed from IT102020000028679A external-priority patent/IT202000028679A1/en
Application filed by Potignano Antonio filed Critical Potignano Antonio
Publication of WO2022013846A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022013846A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B33/00—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
    • A01B33/02—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on horizontal shaft transverse to direction of travel
    • A01B33/028—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on horizontal shaft transverse to direction of travel of the walk-behind type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B1/00—Hand tools
    • A01B1/06—Hoes; Hand cultivators
    • A01B1/065—Hoes; Hand cultivators powered

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an agricultural machine for soil tillage, and more particularly to a machine that is easily convertible from a motor hoe into a motocultivator and vice versa.
  • Motocultivator is an agricultural machine led by hand, through a handlebar, and operated by a user which proceeds on foot.
  • the machine comprises a driving engine and a transmission that is housed in a gearbox and establishes one or more forward gears and one or more reverse gears and transmits the driving power of the engine to a wheel axle, horizontal and transverse to direction of travel, which is provided with two wheels for supporting the machine, by bearing its weight, and for producing the traction to move the machine forward while operating.
  • At least one power take-off (PTO) is mechanically coupled to the transmission and located in the rear part of the gearbox.
  • a rotary tiller unit can be connected to the power take-off and comprises a case which houses a transmission mechanism apt to transfer motive power to a rotating tool-holder shaft, horizontal and transverse to direction of travel, fitted with tools (called blades, knives or tines) arranged to form rows and destined to be in contact with the soil in order to loosen and break the clods of earth.
  • the motocultivator equipped with a rotary tiller unit is used in soil tillage for performing a rotary hoeing operation, i.e. for breaking the clods of earth and crumbling and stirring the soil in order to increase its softness.
  • Motor hoe is an agricultural machine similar to motocultivator and designed specifically for performing rotary hoeing operations. Unlike motocultivator, motor hoe is unprovided with wheel axle, therefore the rotary tiller unit is placed below the machine body so as to support the machine, by bearing its weight, and to produce the traction force to move the machine forward in the working direction while operating.
  • a low-power motocultivator (4-5 kW) is very suitable for post-sowing or post-transplanting working, such as tilling the soil between furrows to make the ground soft and free from weeds.
  • a low-power motocultivator is not suitable to carry out efficiently the soil tillage for preparing it for sowing or to till the cultivated area in order to cut and till under the remaining plants at the end of the season.
  • a motor hoe with the same installed power is very suitable for that work.
  • a motor hoe has a working width which is one and a half times that of a motocultivator and twice the tilling depth.
  • a motor hoe is capable of tilling into corners, narrow areas and all-around plants, easily avoiding branches and obstacles thanks to its superior manoeuvrability.
  • working width can be adjust and the machine can be fitted with a pair of wheels in place of the rows of tillage tines
  • a motor hoe has a high centre of mass and so a wide track is indispensable to achieve a sufficient lateral stability on uneven terrain; therefore, a motor hoe is usually not suitable for post-sowing or post-transplanting work.
  • a motor hoe does not have the versatility of a motocultivator, to which a considerable variety of implements can be attached. Therefore, farmers are often obliged to purchase both types of machines, or to purchase a medium-high power motocultivator for tilling the cultivated area and preparing it for sowing, and a low-power motocultivator for post-sowing/transplanting work, incurring a considerable expense, often excessive in relation to the size of the cultivated area.
  • Aim of the present invention is to provide an agricultural machine that can be operated both as a motor hoe and as a motocultivator, so that a farmer or owner who need to cultivate a small plot of land is not obliged to purchase the two different types of machines, with a consequent considerable saving in terms of economic outlay and servicing work.
  • a convertible agricultural machine is provided with a transmission which is housed in a case supporting a horizontal through- shaft, coupled to the transmission, that can be fitted with two removable wheels for supporting the machine and producing the forward propulsion; besides, a rotary tiller unit is coupled to the transmission and the housing case of this rotary tiller unit can be rotated around a shaft, horizontal and transverse to direction of travel, to switch from a first operating position, in which the rotary tiller unit is placed below the machine to support the machine itself in the typical configuration of a motor hoe, to a second operating position, in which the rotary tiller unit extends from the rear of the machine and the forward propulsion is provided by said wheels mounted to said through-shaft in the typical configuration of a motocultivator; said shaft of rotation corresponds to the coupling shaft between transmission and rotary tiller unit that transfers the motive power of the engine from the transmission to the rotary tiller unit.
  • a convertible agricultural machine includes a transmission whose housing case supports a through-shaft (wheel axle), coupled to the transmission, and is provided with a power take-off unit that is located on its rear part and coupled to the transmission by means of a coupling shaft horizontal and transverse to direction of travel.
  • Said power take-off unit is apt to support and provide motive power to a detachable rotary tiller unit and its housing box is rotatable around said coupling shaft so that it can be fixed alternatively in a first operating position, in which said detachable rotary tiller unit is placed below the machine in the typical configuration of a motor hoe as outlined above, and in a second operating position, in which said detachable rotary tilling unit extends from the rear of the machine in the typical configuration of a motocultivator as outlined above.
  • a convertible agricultural machine in yet another aspect of the present invention, includes a transmission whose housing case is provided with a first and a second power take-off (PTO) coupled to the transmission; wherein the first PTO is located on the rear part of the transmission case, and the second PTO is located on the underside of the transmission case.
  • a detachable rotary tiller unit can be alternatively connected to the first or to the second PTO: the rotary tiller unit connected to the first PTO extends from the rear of the machine in the typical configuration of a motocultivator; the rotary tiller unit connected to the second PTO is placed below the machine body in the typical configuration of a motor hoe.
  • Fig. 1 is a drawing illustrating schematically a convertible agricultural machine, in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, in a partially sectioned side view and in two transverse sections D-D and E-E;
  • Fig. 2 is a drawing illustrating the agricultural machine of Fig. 1 overturned on the front bumper and held up by retractable supports to facilitate the converting process;
  • Fig. 3 is a drawing illustrating the machine of Fig. 1 configured as a motor hoe
  • Fig. 4 is a drawing illustrating the converting process from motor hoe to motocultivator of the convertible agricultural machine of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 5 is a drawing illustrating the convertible agricultural machine of Fig. 1 configured as a motocultivator at the end of the converting process of Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a drawing illustrating schematically a sectioned side view of an alternate form of construction of transmission mechanism and rotatable case of the rotary tiller unit of the convertible agricultural machine according to the first embodiment;
  • Fig. 7 is a drawing illustrating a convertible agricultural machine, in accordance with a second embodiment, configured as a motor hoe and the converting process;
  • Fig. 8 is a drawing illustrating schematically a transverse section F-F of the transmission of the convertible agricultural machine of Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is a drawing illustrating the convertible agricultural machine of Fig. 7 configured as a motocultivator at the end of the conversion process;
  • Fig. 10 is a drawing illustrating schematically a convertible agricultural machine, in accordance with a third embodiment, configured as a motor hoe and with the lid of the belt protection hood removed;
  • Fig. 11 is a drawing illustrating schematically the convertible agricultural machine of Fig. 10 in a partially sectioned lateral view
  • Fig. 12 is a drawing illustrating a schematic transverse section G-G of the transmission of the convertible agricultural machine of Fig. 10;
  • Fig. 13 is a drawing illustrating the converting process from motor hoe to motocultivator of the convertible agricultural machine of Fig. 10;
  • Fig. 14 is a drawing illustrating the agricultural machine of Fig. 10 configured as a motocultivator at the end of the converting process of Fig. 13;
  • Fig. 15 is a drawing illustrating a convertible agricultural machine, in accordance with fourth embodiment, configured as a motocultivator
  • Fig. 16 is a drawing illustrating the machine of Fig. 15 converted into a motor hoe
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic top plan view, in section, of the transmission of the machine of Fig. 15;
  • Fig. 18 is a schematic sectioned H-H side view of the transmission of Fig. 17 providing a representation of the real respective positions of shafts and gears in the fourth embodiment;
  • Fig. 19 and Fig. 20 are drawings illustrating schematically a sectioned M-M side view of the power take-off unit, of the convertible agricultural machine of Fig. 15, respectively in a first operating position and in a second operating position;
  • Fig. 21 is a drawing illustrating schematically a sectioned side view of the transmission of a convertible agricultural machine in accordance with a fifth embodiment
  • Fig. 22 is a drawing illustrating the convertible agricultural machine, in accordance with the fifth embodiment, configured as a motocultivator
  • Fig. 23 is a drawing illustrating the converting process from motocultivator to motor hoe of the machine of Fig. 22 with the machine overturned on the front bumper and held up by retractable supporting arms, provided with transfer wheels, in lowered position;
  • Fig. 24 is a drawing illustrating the convertible agricultural machine of Fig. 22 configured as a motor hoe at the end of the converting process of Fig. 23;
  • Fig. 25 is a drawing illustrating schematically a sectioned side view of an alternate form of construction of the transmission of a convertible agricultural machine in accordance with the fifth embodiment.
  • a convertible agricultural machine Ml in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, comprises: an engine 10 for producing a motive power; a handlebar 28; a primary transmission housed in a first transmission case 11 and mechanically coupled to the engine through a clutch device 55; a rotary tiller unit 19 which includes a second transmission case 29 housing a transmission mechanism that is mechanically coupled to the primary transmission by means of a coupling shaft 15, a horizontal rotating shaft 12 transverse to direction of travel and mechanically coupled to said transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit, and tillage tines 13 fixed to said rotating shaft 12 and arranged to form two or more rows of tillage tines.
  • the primary transmission includes a plurality of gear pairs for establishing at least a first (sliding gear 40, gearwheel 41) and a second (gear pair 42) forward gears and at least one reverse gear (gear 40, gear pair 43), and transfers motive power from the engine to a horizontal through-shaft 14 (through reduction gear pair 44, shaft 45, worm gear set 46 and clutch device 47) and to the transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit (through reduction gear pair 44, shaft 45, gear pair 48, a not-shown clutch device, worm gear set 49, and the coupling shaft 15 that couples primary transmission and transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit); wherein, when the machine is configured as a motor hoe, the first gear is a transfer gear and the second gear is a working gear.
  • the through-shaft 14 (wheel axle) can be fitted with two removable drive wheels 20, one on each of the two side of the first transmission case.
  • the transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit transmits motive power to said rotating shaft 12 (through drive sprocket 17, transmission chain 16 and driven sprocket wheel 18) to cause said tillage tines 13 to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil.
  • the machine Ml includes an L-shaped front bumper 34 fixed at the lower part of the engine 10.
  • the rotary tiller unit 19 can be fixed in two alternative operating positions: a first position A (Fig.
  • a useful way of switching from the first to the second configuration is to overturn the machine forward (Fig. 2) on the front bumper 34, so as to have enough room below the rotary tiller unit. After that, removing the spur 32, the rows of tines and tine shields 30; rotating and securing (33) the second transmission case into the new operating position; mounting the drive wheels 20 to the through-shaft 14; lowering the machine, remounting the banks of tines and fixing the tine shields to a central element 31.
  • the front bumper is provided with retractable supports 25 apt to hold up the machine when overturned forward.
  • a protective hinged flap 38 is attachable to the rear of the shields.
  • the aforesaid first embodiment also comprises alternate forms of construction.
  • the second transmission case 29 houses a transmission mechanism which comprises a bevel gear pair 51-52, an intermediate drive shaft 53, and a hypoid gear pair 54, in order to transfer the motive power of the engine from said coupling shaft 15 to said rotating shaft 12; and wherein the drive bevel gearwheel 51 is integral to shaft 15 and supports rotation of the driven bevel gearwheel 52, which is integral to shaft 53, around the longitudinal axis 27 of shaft 15 during the rotation r of the second transmission case.
  • said through-shaft 14 protrudes from one side of said first transmission case 11 and supports a single removable drive wheel placed on the same side.
  • said through-shaft 14 protrudes from one side of said first transmission case 11, while a removable casing, fixable to said first transmission case 11 on the same side from which said through-shaft 14 protrudes, supports a single drive wheel, placed in a central position below said first transmission case 11, and houses a transmission mechanism for transmitting the engine motive power from the through-shaft 14 to said single drive wheel.
  • a convertible agricultural machine M2 in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention, comprises a frame 26 that supports an engine 10 producing a motive power, a handlebar 28, and a first transmission case 11.
  • the first transmission case 11 houses therein a primary transmission mechanically coupled to the engine through a clutch device which includes a transmission belt 21 slackly mounted on two pulleys (22, 23), one pulley (22) mounted to the output shaft 39 of the engine 10 and the other (23) mounted to the input shaft 60 of said primary transmission, wherein the clutch engagement is obtained by the application, against said belt 21, of tensioning means 24 controlled by a lever (not shown) positioned on a grip of the handlebar 28.
  • a rotary tiller unit 19 includes a second transmission case 29 housing a transmission mechanism that is mechanically coupled to the primary transmission by means of a coupling shaft 15, a horizontal rotating shaft 12 transverse to direction of travel and mechanically coupled to said transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit, and tillage tines 13 fixed to said rotating shaft 12 and arranged to form two or more rows of tillage tines.
  • the coupling shaft 15 is supported by the first transmission case and rotatably supports the second transmission case 29 and a sprocket 17, or, alternatively, the case 29 is rotatably supported by the case 11.
  • Said primary transmission includes a reduction gear pair 36 and a plurality of gear pairs for establishing at least a first (gearwheels 62, 63) and a second (gearwheels 64, 65) forward gears and at least one reverse gear (gearwheels 66, gear pair 67), and transfers motive power from the engine to said transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit, and thus to rotating shaft 12, (through coupling shaft 15, clutch device 78, drive sprocket 17, transmission chain 16 and a driven sprocket wheel integral to rotating shaft 12) and to a horizontal through-shaft 14 (through shaft 15 and reduction gear pairs 68 and 69).
  • the through-shaft 14 (wheel axle) can be fitted with two removable drive wheels 20, one on each of the two side of said supporting frame 26.
  • the transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit transmits motive power to said rotating shaft 12 to cause said tillage tines to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil.
  • the machine M2 includes a protection L-shaped bumper 34 fixed at the front end of said supporting frame 26, and a protection hood 35 for said belt 21.
  • the rotary tiller unit 19 can be fixed in two alternative operating positions: a first position A (Fig. 7), in which the rotary tiller unit is placed below the machine so as to support the weight of the machine while performing a rotary hoeing operation of the soil, in the typical configuration of a motor hoe; and a second position B (Fig. 9), in which the rotary tiller unit extends from the rear of the machine so that the rotary tiller is able to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil while the weight of the machine is supported by drive wheels 20 attached to the through-shaft 14, in the typical configuration of a motocultivator.
  • the switch (Fig. 7), in which the rotary tiller unit is placed below the machine so as to support the weight of the machine while performing a rotary hoeing operation of the soil, in the typical configuration of a motor hoe; and a second position B (Fig. 9), in which the rotary tiller unit extends from the rear of the machine so that the rotary tiller is able to perform a rotary
  • the first transmission case 11 can be supported slidingly on the frame 26 and thus fixable at least in two positions by means of fixing devices (not shown in the drawings), so that a centre-to-centre distance between the output shaft 39 of the engine and the input shaft 60 of the primary transmission, and thus the position of the rotating shaft 12 with respect to the centre of gravity of the machine, is adjustable in relation to the two operating positions A and B.
  • the second transmission case 29 is secured to supporting frame 26, in each of said operating positions A and B, by means of fixing devices (not shown).
  • a convertible agricultural machine M3 in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention, comprises a frame 26 that supports an engine 10 producing a motive power, a handlebar 28, and a transmission case 70.
  • the transmission case 70 houses therein a primary transmission mechanically coupled to the engine through a clutch device which includes a transmission belt 21 slackly mounted on two pulleys (22, 23), one pulley (22) mounted to the output shaft 39 of the engine 10 and the other (23) mounted to the input shaft 60 of said primary transmission, wherein the clutch engagement is obtained by the application, against said belt 21, of tensioning means 24 controlled by a lever (not shown) positioned on a grip of the handlebar 28.
  • a rotary tiller unit 19 that includes a transmission mechanism mechanically coupled to the primary transmission by means of a coupling shaft 15 and housed in a casing constructed as an integral part of said transmission case 70, a horizontal rotating shaft 12 transverse to direction of travel and mechanically coupled to said transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit, and tillage tines 13 fixed to said rotating shaft 12 and arranged to form two or more rows of tillage tines.
  • Said primary transmission mechanism includes a reduction gear pair 83 and a plurality of gear pairs for establishing at least a first (sliding gear 79, gearwheel 73) and a second (gear 79, gearwheel 74) forward gears and at least one reverse gear (gear 79, gear pair 75), and transfers the motive power of the engine to a horizontal through-shaft 14 (through shaft 15 and reduction gear pairs 76 and 77) and to said transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit and thus to rotating shaft 12 (through shaft 15, clutch device 78, drive sprocket 17, transmission chain 16 and driven sprocket wheel 18).
  • the through-shaft 14 (wheel axle) can be fitted with two removable drive wheels 20, one on each of the two side of said supporting frame 26.
  • the transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit transmits motive power to said rotating shaft 12 to cause said tillage tines to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil.
  • the machine M3 includes a protection L-shaped bumper 34 fixed at the front end of the frame 26, and a protection hood 35, for said belt 21, provided with a through-hole 6 to allow a wheel shaft 5 to pass through it.
  • the transmission case 70 is rotatably supported by flanges 81 and 82, fixed to the frame 26, that allow transmission case 70 to rotate around the longitudinal axis 80 of said input shaft 60, so that the transmission case 70 can be fixed in two alternative operating positions: a first position A (Fig. 10), in which the rotary tiller unit is located below the machine so as to support the weight of the machine while performing a rotary hoeing of the soil, in the typical configuration of a motor hoe; and a second position B (Fig.
  • the aforesaid third embodiment also comprises alternate forms of construction.
  • a first alternate form of construction (not shown in the drawings), flanges 81 and 82 are eliminated and said transmission case 70 in supported by said protection hood 35 in such a way to be rotatable around the longitudinal axis 80 of the input shaft 60 of said primary transmission and the protection hood 35 is supported by said engine 10 in such a way to be rotatable around the longitudinal axis of the engine output shaft 39, so that the switching from said second (B) to said first (A) operating position is realized through a double rotation: rotation of the protection hood 35 around the longitudinal axis of the shaft 39; and rotation of the transmission case 70 around the longitudinal axis of the shaft 60.
  • said through-shaft (14) protrudes from one side of said transmission case (70) and supports a single removable drive wheel placed along the longitudinal centre line of the machine.
  • a convertible agricultural machine M4 in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention, comprises: an engine 10 for producing a motive power; a handlebar 28; and a transmission housed in a transmission case 37 and mechanically coupled to the engine by means of a clutch device 55 and a hypoid gear pair 93.
  • a clutch device 55 and a hypoid gear pair 93 for convenience of description, there is an established longitudinal axis d of the machine which is parallel to a direction f, in the horizontal plane, identical to direction of forward motion of the machine.
  • Said transmission includes a plurality of gear pairs for establishing at least a first (drive gear 63, driven gear 62) and a second (drive gear 65, driven gear 64) forward gears and at least one reverse gear (drive gear pair 67, driven gear 66); wherein driven gearwheels are idly-mounted on a hollow output shaft 87 of the transmission and made integral to said hollow output shaft 87 by means of a key-sliding mechanism composed by at least a sliding key 72, disposed in a longitudinal groove formed in an external surface of the shaft 87, and an operating annular element 91 engaged with one end of the sliding key; and wherein the first gear is a transfer speed and the second gear is a working speed for the machine configured as a motor hoe.
  • Said transmission transmits the motive power of the engine: to a through-shaft 14 (through reduction gear pairs 68 and 69) which is inserted into the interior of the hollow shaft 87 and can be fitted with two removable driving wheels 20, one on each of the two side of the transmission case; and to a power take-off unit (PTO) 56 which is located in the rear part of the transmission case 37 and housed in a housing box 57, wherein said power take-off unit includes a front coupling element which is designed to be connected to a tool and comprises a splined output shaft 58 for transmitting motion and a coupling flange 59 for attachment of implements.
  • PTO power take-off unit
  • Said transmission transfers the motive power of the engine to said power take-off unit 56 through the sliding gear 94, which can be meshed with gearwheel 95 (integral to hollow shaft 87, so that the PTO is dependent from the gear engaged) or with gearwheel 96 (integral to transmission input shaft 86, so that the PTO is independent from the gear engaged), a coupling shaft 15 (transverse to longitudinal axis d of the machine), a drive bevel gearwheel 98 which is integral to coupling shaft 15, and a driven bevel gearwheel 99 which is integral to the splined output shaft 58.
  • said housing box 57 is rotatably supported by said transmission case 37 and supports said coupling shaft 15.
  • said coupling shaft 15 is supported by said transmission case 37 and rotatably supports said housing box 57.
  • the machine M4 includes an L-shaped front bumper 34 fixed at the lower part of the engine 10.
  • a rotary tiller unit 50 can be connected to the power take-off unit 56, and comprises a supporting case 61 and a rotating tool-holder shaft 12, horizontal and transverse to direction of travel, fitted with tillage tines 13 disposed so as to form two or more row of tillage tines.
  • the supporting case 61 houses a transmission mechanism configured to transfer motive power from the power take-off unit 56 to the rotating shaft 12.
  • the housing box 57 of the power take-off unit 56 is rotatable around a horizontal axis 27, identical to the longitudinal axis of said coupling shaft 15, so that, through a rotation t, it can be fixed alternatively: in a first operating position A (Fig. 19), in which said front coupling element of said power take-off unit is oriented towards the soil so that the longitudinal axis 84 of said output shaft 58 is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis d of the machine or so that said output shaft 58 is inclined forward and said axes d and 84 conjointly define an angle 90 in a range of 50° to 89° in said direction f of forward motion; and in a second operating position B (Fig. 20), in which said front coupling element of said power take-off unit is rearward-facing and the longitudinal axis 84 of said output shaft 58 is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis d of the machine.
  • the drive bevel gearwheel 98 supports rotation of the driven bevel gearwheel 99 around said axis 27 during the rotation of the housing box 57.
  • the housing box 57 is firmly secured to said transmission case 37, in each of said first and second operating positions, by means of fixing devices (not shown in the drawings).
  • the machine When the rotary tiller unit 50 is connected to the power take-off unit 56 placed in the first operating position A (Fig. 19), the machine is configured as a motor hoe (Fig. 16), i.e. the rotary tiller unit is placed below the machine body so as to support the weight of the machine and produce the traction force to move the machine in the working direction while performing a rotary hoeing of the soil.
  • the rotary tiller unit 50 When the rotary tiller unit 50 is connected to the power take-off unit 56 placed in the second operating position B (Fig. 20) and driving wheels 20 are mounted to the through-shaft 14 (wheel axle), the machine is configured as a motocultivator (Fig. 15), i.e.
  • the weight of the machine is supported by driving wheels 20 that produce the traction to move the machine in the working direction while the rotary tiller unit, extending from the rear of the machine body, performs a rotary hoeing of the soil.
  • the front bumper 34 is provided with retractable supports 25 which, when in a lowered position C, are apt to hold up the machine overturned forward.
  • a convertible agricultural machine M5 in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention, comprises: an engine 10 producing a motive power; a handlebar 28; and a transmission housed in a transmission case 37 and mechanically coupled to the engine by means of a clutch device 55.
  • Said transmission includes a plurality of gear pairs for establishing at least a first (sliding gear 40, gearwheel 41) and a second (gear pair 42) forward gears and at least one reverse gear (gear 40, gear pair 43), and transmits the motive power of the engine: to a wheel axle 14 (through reduction gear pair 44, shaft 45, worm gear set 46 and a not-shown clutch device) which can be fitted with two removable drive wheels 20, one on each of the two side of the transmission case 37; to a first power take-off 88 (through reduction gear pair 44, shaft 45 and clutch device 97) which is located in the rear part of the transmission case 37; and to a second power take-off 89 (through reduction gear pair 44, shaft 45 and bevel gear pair 71) which is located on the underside of the transmission case 37.
  • a wheel axle 14 through reduction gear pair 44, shaft 45, worm gear set 46 and a not-shown clutch device
  • a rotary tiller unit 50 can be connected alternatively to the first or to the second power take-off, and comprises a supporting case 61 and a rotating tool-holder shaft 12, horizontal and transverse to direction of travel, fitted with tillage tines 13 disposed so as to form two or more rows of tillage tines.
  • the supporting case 61 houses a transmission mechanism apt to transfer motive power from the first or the second power take-off to the rotating shaft 12.
  • the machine M5 includes an L-shaped front bumper 34 fixed at the lower part of the engine 10.
  • the machine When the rotary tiller unit 50 is connected to the first power take-off 88, the machine is configured as a motocultivator (Fig. 22), i.e. the weight of the machine is supported by drive wheels 20 attached to through-shaft 14 (wheel axle), while the rotary tiller unit extends from the rear of the machine and is able to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil.
  • a motor-hoe Fig. 24
  • the rotary tiller unit is placed below the machine so as to support the weight of the machine and to produce the traction force to move the machine in the working direction while performing a rotary hoeing operation of the soil.
  • the first gear is a transfer gear and the second gear is a working gear.
  • a useful way of switching from the first to the second configuration is to overturn the machine forward (Fig. 23) on the front bumper 34.
  • the front bumper is equipped with retractable supporting arms 35 which are provided with wheels 8 for an easy manoeuvring and, when in the lowered position C, are apt to hold up the machine overturned forward.
  • the aforesaid fifth embodiment of the present invention comprises an alternate form of construction of the transmission.
  • the shaft 45 is a hollow shaft and it is mounted coaxially and idly on the transmission input shaft 7, so that the first power take-off 88 receives motive power directly from the transmission input shaft 7, through a clutch device 97 and a reduction gear pair 9, and therefore it is independent from the gear engaged.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Agricultural Machines (AREA)

Abstract

Convertible agricultural machine provided with a rotary tiller unit which can be rotated around a horizontal axis, so as to switch from a first operating position, in which the machine is configured as a motor hoe, to a second operating position in which the machine is configured as a motocultivator, and with a transmission case supporting a horizontal through‑shaft fitted with removable driving wheels for supporting the machine when configured as a motocultivator. In an alternate embodiment, the machine is provided with a rear power take‑off unit that can be rotated around a horizontal axis and coupled with a detachable rotary tiller unit. In a further embodiment, the machine is provided with a first power take‑off, placed in the rear part of the transmission case, and a second power take‑off placed on the underside of the transmission case, and a detachable rotary tiller unit can be coupled alternatively with said first or second power take‑off.

Description

CONVERTIBLE AGRICULTURAL MACHINE
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to an agricultural machine for soil tillage, and more particularly to a machine that is easily convertible from a motor hoe into a motocultivator and vice versa.
BACKGROUND ART
Motocultivator is an agricultural machine led by hand, through a handlebar, and operated by a user which proceeds on foot. The machine comprises a driving engine and a transmission that is housed in a gearbox and establishes one or more forward gears and one or more reverse gears and transmits the driving power of the engine to a wheel axle, horizontal and transverse to direction of travel, which is provided with two wheels for supporting the machine, by bearing its weight, and for producing the traction to move the machine forward while operating. At least one power take-off (PTO) is mechanically coupled to the transmission and located in the rear part of the gearbox. A rotary tiller unit can be connected to the power take-off and comprises a case which houses a transmission mechanism apt to transfer motive power to a rotating tool-holder shaft, horizontal and transverse to direction of travel, fitted with tools (called blades, knives or tines) arranged to form rows and destined to be in contact with the soil in order to loosen and break the clods of earth. The motocultivator equipped with a rotary tiller unit is used in soil tillage for performing a rotary hoeing operation, i.e. for breaking the clods of earth and crumbling and stirring the soil in order to increase its softness.
Motor hoe is an agricultural machine similar to motocultivator and designed specifically for performing rotary hoeing operations. Unlike motocultivator, motor hoe is unprovided with wheel axle, therefore the rotary tiller unit is placed below the machine body so as to support the machine, by bearing its weight, and to produce the traction force to move the machine forward in the working direction while operating.
Thanks to its low centre of mass, the forward traction produced by driving wheels and its reduced transversal dimensions, a low-power motocultivator (4-5 kW) is very suitable for post-sowing or post-transplanting working, such as tilling the soil between furrows to make the ground soft and free from weeds. However, because of its poor performances, a low-power motocultivator is not suitable to carry out efficiently the soil tillage for preparing it for sowing or to till the cultivated area in order to cut and till under the remaining plants at the end of the season. On the contrary, a motor hoe with the same installed power is very suitable for that work. Indeed, with the same installed power, a motor hoe has a working width which is one and a half times that of a motocultivator and twice the tilling depth. Besides, a motor hoe is capable of tilling into corners, narrow areas and all-around plants, easily avoiding branches and obstacles thanks to its superior manoeuvrability. On the other hand, despite the fact that working width can be adjust and the machine can be fitted with a pair of wheels in place of the rows of tillage tines, a motor hoe has a high centre of mass and so a wide track is indispensable to achieve a sufficient lateral stability on uneven terrain; therefore, a motor hoe is usually not suitable for post-sowing or post-transplanting work. Besides, a motor hoe does not have the versatility of a motocultivator, to which a considerable variety of implements can be attached. Therefore, farmers are often obliged to purchase both types of machines, or to purchase a medium-high power motocultivator for tilling the cultivated area and preparing it for sowing, and a low-power motocultivator for post-sowing/transplanting work, incurring a considerable expense, often excessive in relation to the size of the cultivated area.
Aim of the present invention is to provide an agricultural machine that can be operated both as a motor hoe and as a motocultivator, so that a farmer or owner who need to cultivate a small plot of land is not obliged to purchase the two different types of machines, with a consequent considerable saving in terms of economic outlay and servicing work.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
According to one aspect of the present invention, a convertible agricultural machine is provided with a transmission which is housed in a case supporting a horizontal through- shaft, coupled to the transmission, that can be fitted with two removable wheels for supporting the machine and producing the forward propulsion; besides, a rotary tiller unit is coupled to the transmission and the housing case of this rotary tiller unit can be rotated around a shaft, horizontal and transverse to direction of travel, to switch from a first operating position, in which the rotary tiller unit is placed below the machine to support the machine itself in the typical configuration of a motor hoe, to a second operating position, in which the rotary tiller unit extends from the rear of the machine and the forward propulsion is provided by said wheels mounted to said through-shaft in the typical configuration of a motocultivator; said shaft of rotation corresponds to the coupling shaft between transmission and rotary tiller unit that transfers the motive power of the engine from the transmission to the rotary tiller unit. According to another aspect, the case of the transmission and the case of the rotary tiller unit are integral parts and the whole assembly can be rotated around a horizontal axis, corresponding to the longitudinal axis of the input shaft of the transmission for receiving the motive power of the engine, so as to switch from said first operating position to said second operating position and vice versa. In another aspect of the present invention, a convertible agricultural machine includes a transmission whose housing case supports a through-shaft (wheel axle), coupled to the transmission, and is provided with a power take-off unit that is located on its rear part and coupled to the transmission by means of a coupling shaft horizontal and transverse to direction of travel. Said power take-off unit is apt to support and provide motive power to a detachable rotary tiller unit and its housing box is rotatable around said coupling shaft so that it can be fixed alternatively in a first operating position, in which said detachable rotary tiller unit is placed below the machine in the typical configuration of a motor hoe as outlined above, and in a second operating position, in which said detachable rotary tilling unit extends from the rear of the machine in the typical configuration of a motocultivator as outlined above.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, a convertible agricultural machine includes a transmission whose housing case is provided with a first and a second power take-off (PTO) coupled to the transmission; wherein the first PTO is located on the rear part of the transmission case, and the second PTO is located on the underside of the transmission case. A detachable rotary tiller unit can be alternatively connected to the first or to the second PTO: the rotary tiller unit connected to the first PTO extends from the rear of the machine in the typical configuration of a motocultivator; the rotary tiller unit connected to the second PTO is placed below the machine body in the typical configuration of a motor hoe.
Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the best mode for carrying out the invention, given by way of example and not of limitation, with the aid of the accompanying figures of the drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to same or similar parts throughout the various figures, and wherein:
Fig. 1 is a drawing illustrating schematically a convertible agricultural machine, in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, in a partially sectioned side view and in two transverse sections D-D and E-E;
Fig. 2 is a drawing illustrating the agricultural machine of Fig. 1 overturned on the front bumper and held up by retractable supports to facilitate the converting process;
Fig. 3 is a drawing illustrating the machine of Fig. 1 configured as a motor hoe;
Fig. 4 is a drawing illustrating the converting process from motor hoe to motocultivator of the convertible agricultural machine of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a drawing illustrating the convertible agricultural machine of Fig. 1 configured as a motocultivator at the end of the converting process of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is a drawing illustrating schematically a sectioned side view of an alternate form of construction of transmission mechanism and rotatable case of the rotary tiller unit of the convertible agricultural machine according to the first embodiment;
Fig. 7 is a drawing illustrating a convertible agricultural machine, in accordance with a second embodiment, configured as a motor hoe and the converting process;
Fig. 8 is a drawing illustrating schematically a transverse section F-F of the transmission of the convertible agricultural machine of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is a drawing illustrating the convertible agricultural machine of Fig. 7 configured as a motocultivator at the end of the conversion process;
Fig. 10 is a drawing illustrating schematically a convertible agricultural machine, in accordance with a third embodiment, configured as a motor hoe and with the lid of the belt protection hood removed;
Fig. 11 is a drawing illustrating schematically the convertible agricultural machine of Fig. 10 in a partially sectioned lateral view;
Fig. 12 is a drawing illustrating a schematic transverse section G-G of the transmission of the convertible agricultural machine of Fig. 10;
Fig. 13 is a drawing illustrating the converting process from motor hoe to motocultivator of the convertible agricultural machine of Fig. 10;
Fig. 14 is a drawing illustrating the agricultural machine of Fig. 10 configured as a motocultivator at the end of the converting process of Fig. 13;
Fig. 15 is a drawing illustrating a convertible agricultural machine, in accordance with fourth embodiment, configured as a motocultivator;
Fig. 16 is a drawing illustrating the machine of Fig. 15 converted into a motor hoe;
Fig. 17 is a schematic top plan view, in section, of the transmission of the machine of Fig. 15;
Fig. 18 is a schematic sectioned H-H side view of the transmission of Fig. 17 providing a representation of the real respective positions of shafts and gears in the fourth embodiment;
Fig. 19 and Fig. 20 are drawings illustrating schematically a sectioned M-M side view of the power take-off unit, of the convertible agricultural machine of Fig. 15, respectively in a first operating position and in a second operating position;
Fig. 21 is a drawing illustrating schematically a sectioned side view of the transmission of a convertible agricultural machine in accordance with a fifth embodiment; Fig. 22 is a drawing illustrating the convertible agricultural machine, in accordance with the fifth embodiment, configured as a motocultivator;
Fig. 23 is a drawing illustrating the converting process from motocultivator to motor hoe of the machine of Fig. 22 with the machine overturned on the front bumper and held up by retractable supporting arms, provided with transfer wheels, in lowered position;
Fig. 24 is a drawing illustrating the convertible agricultural machine of Fig. 22 configured as a motor hoe at the end of the converting process of Fig. 23;
Fig. 25 is a drawing illustrating schematically a sectioned side view of an alternate form of construction of the transmission of a convertible agricultural machine in accordance with the fifth embodiment.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
With reference to figures 1-5, a convertible agricultural machine Ml, in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, comprises: an engine 10 for producing a motive power; a handlebar 28; a primary transmission housed in a first transmission case 11 and mechanically coupled to the engine through a clutch device 55; a rotary tiller unit 19 which includes a second transmission case 29 housing a transmission mechanism that is mechanically coupled to the primary transmission by means of a coupling shaft 15, a horizontal rotating shaft 12 transverse to direction of travel and mechanically coupled to said transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit, and tillage tines 13 fixed to said rotating shaft 12 and arranged to form two or more rows of tillage tines. The primary transmission includes a plurality of gear pairs for establishing at least a first (sliding gear 40, gearwheel 41) and a second (gear pair 42) forward gears and at least one reverse gear (gear 40, gear pair 43), and transfers motive power from the engine to a horizontal through-shaft 14 (through reduction gear pair 44, shaft 45, worm gear set 46 and clutch device 47) and to the transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit (through reduction gear pair 44, shaft 45, gear pair 48, a not-shown clutch device, worm gear set 49, and the coupling shaft 15 that couples primary transmission and transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit); wherein, when the machine is configured as a motor hoe, the first gear is a transfer gear and the second gear is a working gear. The through-shaft 14 (wheel axle) can be fitted with two removable drive wheels 20, one on each of the two side of the first transmission case. The transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit transmits motive power to said rotating shaft 12 (through drive sprocket 17, transmission chain 16 and driven sprocket wheel 18) to cause said tillage tines 13 to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil. In order to protect the engine, the machine Ml includes an L-shaped front bumper 34 fixed at the lower part of the engine 10. The rotary tiller unit 19 can be fixed in two alternative operating positions: a first position A (Fig. 3), in which the rotary tiller is placed below the machine so as to support the weight of the machine while performing a rotary hoeing of the soil, in the typical configuration of a motor hoe; and a second position B (Fig. 5), in which the rotary tiller unit extends from the rear of the machine so that the rotary tiller is able to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil while the weight of the machine is supported by drive wheels 20 attached to through-shaft 14, in the typical configuration of a motocultivator. The switch (Fig. 1, 4) from position A to position B takes place through a rotation r of the second transmission case 29 around the longitudinal axis 27 of the coupling shaft 15.
A useful way of switching from the first to the second configuration is to overturn the machine forward (Fig. 2) on the front bumper 34, so as to have enough room below the rotary tiller unit. After that, removing the spur 32, the rows of tines and tine shields 30; rotating and securing (33) the second transmission case into the new operating position; mounting the drive wheels 20 to the through-shaft 14; lowering the machine, remounting the banks of tines and fixing the tine shields to a central element 31. To facilitate that, the front bumper is provided with retractable supports 25 apt to hold up the machine when overturned forward. A protective hinged flap 38 is attachable to the rear of the shields.
The aforesaid first embodiment also comprises alternate forms of construction. With reference to figure 6, in a first alternate form of construction the second transmission case 29 houses a transmission mechanism which comprises a bevel gear pair 51-52, an intermediate drive shaft 53, and a hypoid gear pair 54, in order to transfer the motive power of the engine from said coupling shaft 15 to said rotating shaft 12; and wherein the drive bevel gearwheel 51 is integral to shaft 15 and supports rotation of the driven bevel gearwheel 52, which is integral to shaft 53, around the longitudinal axis 27 of shaft 15 during the rotation r of the second transmission case. In a second alternate form of construction (not shown in the drawings), said through-shaft 14 protrudes from one side of said first transmission case 11 and supports a single removable drive wheel placed on the same side. In a third alternate form of construction (not shown in the drawings), said through-shaft 14 protrudes from one side of said first transmission case 11, while a removable casing, fixable to said first transmission case 11 on the same side from which said through-shaft 14 protrudes, supports a single drive wheel, placed in a central position below said first transmission case 11, and houses a transmission mechanism for transmitting the engine motive power from the through-shaft 14 to said single drive wheel.
With reference to figures 7-9, a convertible agricultural machine M2, in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention, comprises a frame 26 that supports an engine 10 producing a motive power, a handlebar 28, and a first transmission case 11. The first transmission case 11 houses therein a primary transmission mechanically coupled to the engine through a clutch device which includes a transmission belt 21 slackly mounted on two pulleys (22, 23), one pulley (22) mounted to the output shaft 39 of the engine 10 and the other (23) mounted to the input shaft 60 of said primary transmission, wherein the clutch engagement is obtained by the application, against said belt 21, of tensioning means 24 controlled by a lever (not shown) positioned on a grip of the handlebar 28. A rotary tiller unit 19 includes a second transmission case 29 housing a transmission mechanism that is mechanically coupled to the primary transmission by means of a coupling shaft 15, a horizontal rotating shaft 12 transverse to direction of travel and mechanically coupled to said transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit, and tillage tines 13 fixed to said rotating shaft 12 and arranged to form two or more rows of tillage tines. The coupling shaft 15 is supported by the first transmission case and rotatably supports the second transmission case 29 and a sprocket 17, or, alternatively, the case 29 is rotatably supported by the case 11. Said primary transmission includes a reduction gear pair 36 and a plurality of gear pairs for establishing at least a first (gearwheels 62, 63) and a second (gearwheels 64, 65) forward gears and at least one reverse gear (gearwheels 66, gear pair 67), and transfers motive power from the engine to said transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit, and thus to rotating shaft 12, (through coupling shaft 15, clutch device 78, drive sprocket 17, transmission chain 16 and a driven sprocket wheel integral to rotating shaft 12) and to a horizontal through-shaft 14 (through shaft 15 and reduction gear pairs 68 and 69). The through-shaft 14 (wheel axle) can be fitted with two removable drive wheels 20, one on each of the two side of said supporting frame 26. The transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit transmits motive power to said rotating shaft 12 to cause said tillage tines to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil. The machine M2 includes a protection L-shaped bumper 34 fixed at the front end of said supporting frame 26, and a protection hood 35 for said belt 21.
The rotary tiller unit 19 can be fixed in two alternative operating positions: a first position A (Fig. 7), in which the rotary tiller unit is placed below the machine so as to support the weight of the machine while performing a rotary hoeing operation of the soil, in the typical configuration of a motor hoe; and a second position B (Fig. 9), in which the rotary tiller unit extends from the rear of the machine so that the rotary tiller is able to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil while the weight of the machine is supported by drive wheels 20 attached to the through-shaft 14, in the typical configuration of a motocultivator. The switch (Fig. 7) from position A to position B takes place through a rotation r of the second transmission case 29 around the longitudinal axis 27 of the coupling shaft 15. The first transmission case 11 can be supported slidingly on the frame 26 and thus fixable at least in two positions by means of fixing devices (not shown in the drawings), so that a centre-to-centre distance between the output shaft 39 of the engine and the input shaft 60 of the primary transmission, and thus the position of the rotating shaft 12 with respect to the centre of gravity of the machine, is adjustable in relation to the two operating positions A and B. The second transmission case 29 is secured to supporting frame 26, in each of said operating positions A and B, by means of fixing devices (not shown).
With reference to figures 10-14, a convertible agricultural machine M3, in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention, comprises a frame 26 that supports an engine 10 producing a motive power, a handlebar 28, and a transmission case 70. The transmission case 70 houses therein a primary transmission mechanically coupled to the engine through a clutch device which includes a transmission belt 21 slackly mounted on two pulleys (22, 23), one pulley (22) mounted to the output shaft 39 of the engine 10 and the other (23) mounted to the input shaft 60 of said primary transmission, wherein the clutch engagement is obtained by the application, against said belt 21, of tensioning means 24 controlled by a lever (not shown) positioned on a grip of the handlebar 28. A rotary tiller unit 19 that includes a transmission mechanism mechanically coupled to the primary transmission by means of a coupling shaft 15 and housed in a casing constructed as an integral part of said transmission case 70, a horizontal rotating shaft 12 transverse to direction of travel and mechanically coupled to said transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit, and tillage tines 13 fixed to said rotating shaft 12 and arranged to form two or more rows of tillage tines. Said primary transmission mechanism includes a reduction gear pair 83 and a plurality of gear pairs for establishing at least a first (sliding gear 79, gearwheel 73) and a second (gear 79, gearwheel 74) forward gears and at least one reverse gear (gear 79, gear pair 75), and transfers the motive power of the engine to a horizontal through-shaft 14 (through shaft 15 and reduction gear pairs 76 and 77) and to said transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit and thus to rotating shaft 12 (through shaft 15, clutch device 78, drive sprocket 17, transmission chain 16 and driven sprocket wheel 18). The through-shaft 14 (wheel axle) can be fitted with two removable drive wheels 20, one on each of the two side of said supporting frame 26. The transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller unit transmits motive power to said rotating shaft 12 to cause said tillage tines to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil. The machine M3 includes a protection L-shaped bumper 34 fixed at the front end of the frame 26, and a protection hood 35, for said belt 21, provided with a through-hole 6 to allow a wheel shaft 5 to pass through it.
The transmission case 70 is rotatably supported by flanges 81 and 82, fixed to the frame 26, that allow transmission case 70 to rotate around the longitudinal axis 80 of said input shaft 60, so that the transmission case 70 can be fixed in two alternative operating positions: a first position A (Fig. 10), in which the rotary tiller unit is located below the machine so as to support the weight of the machine while performing a rotary hoeing of the soil, in the typical configuration of a motor hoe; and a second position B (Fig. 14), in which the rotary tiller unit extends from the rear of the machine so that the rotary tiller is able to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil while the weight of the machine is supported by drive wheels 20 attached to said through-shaft 14, in the typical configuration of a motocultivator. The switch (Fig. 13) from position A to position B takes place through a rotation s of the transmission case 70 around the longitudinal axis 80 of the input shaft 60. The transmission case 70 is secured to supporting frame 26, in each of said first (A) and second (B) operating positions, by means of fixing devices (not shown in the drawings).
The aforesaid third embodiment also comprises alternate forms of construction. In a first alternate form of construction (not shown in the drawings), flanges 81 and 82 are eliminated and said transmission case 70 in supported by said protection hood 35 in such a way to be rotatable around the longitudinal axis 80 of the input shaft 60 of said primary transmission and the protection hood 35 is supported by said engine 10 in such a way to be rotatable around the longitudinal axis of the engine output shaft 39, so that the switching from said second (B) to said first (A) operating position is realized through a double rotation: rotation of the protection hood 35 around the longitudinal axis of the shaft 39; and rotation of the transmission case 70 around the longitudinal axis of the shaft 60. Thus, allowing a better adjustment of the position of the rotating shaft 12. In a second alternate form of construction (not shown in the drawings), said through-shaft (14) protrudes from one side of said transmission case (70) and supports a single removable drive wheel placed along the longitudinal centre line of the machine.
With reference to Fig. 15-20, a convertible agricultural machine M4, in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention, comprises: an engine 10 for producing a motive power; a handlebar 28; and a transmission housed in a transmission case 37 and mechanically coupled to the engine by means of a clutch device 55 and a hypoid gear pair 93. For convenience of description, there is an established longitudinal axis d of the machine which is parallel to a direction f, in the horizontal plane, identical to direction of forward motion of the machine. Said transmission includes a plurality of gear pairs for establishing at least a first (drive gear 63, driven gear 62) and a second (drive gear 65, driven gear 64) forward gears and at least one reverse gear (drive gear pair 67, driven gear 66); wherein driven gearwheels are idly-mounted on a hollow output shaft 87 of the transmission and made integral to said hollow output shaft 87 by means of a key-sliding mechanism composed by at least a sliding key 72, disposed in a longitudinal groove formed in an external surface of the shaft 87, and an operating annular element 91 engaged with one end of the sliding key; and wherein the first gear is a transfer speed and the second gear is a working speed for the machine configured as a motor hoe. Said transmission transmits the motive power of the engine: to a through-shaft 14 (through reduction gear pairs 68 and 69) which is inserted into the interior of the hollow shaft 87 and can be fitted with two removable driving wheels 20, one on each of the two side of the transmission case; and to a power take-off unit (PTO) 56 which is located in the rear part of the transmission case 37 and housed in a housing box 57, wherein said power take-off unit includes a front coupling element which is designed to be connected to a tool and comprises a splined output shaft 58 for transmitting motion and a coupling flange 59 for attachment of implements. Said transmission transfers the motive power of the engine to said power take-off unit 56 through the sliding gear 94, which can be meshed with gearwheel 95 (integral to hollow shaft 87, so that the PTO is dependent from the gear engaged) or with gearwheel 96 (integral to transmission input shaft 86, so that the PTO is independent from the gear engaged), a coupling shaft 15 (transverse to longitudinal axis d of the machine), a drive bevel gearwheel 98 which is integral to coupling shaft 15, and a driven bevel gearwheel 99 which is integral to the splined output shaft 58. In the present embodiment, said housing box 57 is rotatably supported by said transmission case 37 and supports said coupling shaft 15. In an alternate form of construction (not shown in the drawings) of this embodiment, said coupling shaft 15 is supported by said transmission case 37 and rotatably supports said housing box 57. In order to protect the engine, the machine M4 includes an L-shaped front bumper 34 fixed at the lower part of the engine 10.
A rotary tiller unit 50 can be connected to the power take-off unit 56, and comprises a supporting case 61 and a rotating tool-holder shaft 12, horizontal and transverse to direction of travel, fitted with tillage tines 13 disposed so as to form two or more row of tillage tines. The supporting case 61 houses a transmission mechanism configured to transfer motive power from the power take-off unit 56 to the rotating shaft 12.
The housing box 57 of the power take-off unit 56 is rotatable around a horizontal axis 27, identical to the longitudinal axis of said coupling shaft 15, so that, through a rotation t, it can be fixed alternatively: in a first operating position A (Fig. 19), in which said front coupling element of said power take-off unit is oriented towards the soil so that the longitudinal axis 84 of said output shaft 58 is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis d of the machine or so that said output shaft 58 is inclined forward and said axes d and 84 conjointly define an angle 90 in a range of 50° to 89° in said direction f of forward motion; and in a second operating position B (Fig. 20), in which said front coupling element of said power take-off unit is rearward-facing and the longitudinal axis 84 of said output shaft 58 is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis d of the machine.
The drive bevel gearwheel 98 supports rotation of the driven bevel gearwheel 99 around said axis 27 during the rotation of the housing box 57. The housing box 57 is firmly secured to said transmission case 37, in each of said first and second operating positions, by means of fixing devices (not shown in the drawings).
When the rotary tiller unit 50 is connected to the power take-off unit 56 placed in the first operating position A (Fig. 19), the machine is configured as a motor hoe (Fig. 16), i.e. the rotary tiller unit is placed below the machine body so as to support the weight of the machine and produce the traction force to move the machine in the working direction while performing a rotary hoeing of the soil. When the rotary tiller unit 50 is connected to the power take-off unit 56 placed in the second operating position B (Fig. 20) and driving wheels 20 are mounted to the through-shaft 14 (wheel axle), the machine is configured as a motocultivator (Fig. 15), i.e. the weight of the machine is supported by driving wheels 20 that produce the traction to move the machine in the working direction while the rotary tiller unit, extending from the rear of the machine body, performs a rotary hoeing of the soil. To facilitate that, the front bumper 34 is provided with retractable supports 25 which, when in a lowered position C, are apt to hold up the machine overturned forward.
With reference to figures 21-24, a convertible agricultural machine M5, in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention, comprises: an engine 10 producing a motive power; a handlebar 28; and a transmission housed in a transmission case 37 and mechanically coupled to the engine by means of a clutch device 55. Said transmission includes a plurality of gear pairs for establishing at least a first (sliding gear 40, gearwheel 41) and a second (gear pair 42) forward gears and at least one reverse gear (gear 40, gear pair 43), and transmits the motive power of the engine: to a wheel axle 14 (through reduction gear pair 44, shaft 45, worm gear set 46 and a not-shown clutch device) which can be fitted with two removable drive wheels 20, one on each of the two side of the transmission case 37; to a first power take-off 88 (through reduction gear pair 44, shaft 45 and clutch device 97) which is located in the rear part of the transmission case 37; and to a second power take-off 89 (through reduction gear pair 44, shaft 45 and bevel gear pair 71) which is located on the underside of the transmission case 37.
A rotary tiller unit 50 can be connected alternatively to the first or to the second power take-off, and comprises a supporting case 61 and a rotating tool-holder shaft 12, horizontal and transverse to direction of travel, fitted with tillage tines 13 disposed so as to form two or more rows of tillage tines. The supporting case 61 houses a transmission mechanism apt to transfer motive power from the first or the second power take-off to the rotating shaft 12. In order to protect the engine, the machine M5 includes an L-shaped front bumper 34 fixed at the lower part of the engine 10.
When the rotary tiller unit 50 is connected to the first power take-off 88, the machine is configured as a motocultivator (Fig. 22), i.e. the weight of the machine is supported by drive wheels 20 attached to through-shaft 14 (wheel axle), while the rotary tiller unit extends from the rear of the machine and is able to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil. When the drive wheels 20 have been removed and the rotary tiller unit 50 is connected to the second power take-off 89, the machine is configured as a motor-hoe (Fig. 24), i.e. the rotary tiller unit is placed below the machine so as to support the weight of the machine and to produce the traction force to move the machine in the working direction while performing a rotary hoeing operation of the soil. When the machine is configured as a motor-hoe, the first gear is a transfer gear and the second gear is a working gear.
After removing the tiller cover 92 and disconnecting the rotary tiller unit 50 from the first power take-off 88, a useful way of switching from the first to the second configuration is to overturn the machine forward (Fig. 23) on the front bumper 34. After that, removing the drive wheels 20, lowering the machine and attaching the rotary tiller unit 50 to the second power take-off 89 and a spur 32 to the rear of the transmission case. To facilitate that, the front bumper is equipped with retractable supporting arms 35 which are provided with wheels 8 for an easy manoeuvring and, when in the lowered position C, are apt to hold up the machine overturned forward.
The aforesaid fifth embodiment of the present invention comprises an alternate form of construction of the transmission. With reference to figure 25, the shaft 45 is a hollow shaft and it is mounted coaxially and idly on the transmission input shaft 7, so that the first power take-off 88 receives motive power directly from the transmission input shaft 7, through a clutch device 97 and a reduction gear pair 9, and therefore it is independent from the gear engaged.
The embodiment provided in this description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings is an example given for explanatory purposes only and it will be apparent, to those skilled in the art, that various modifications and equivalent embodiments can be made, all falling within the inventive concept as defined in the disclosure of the invention and, therefore, without forsaking the ambit of protection of the appended claims.

Claims

1 . Convertible agricultural machine (Ml, M2) comprising at least:
- an engine (10) for producing a motive power;
- a handlebar (28);
- a first transmission case (11) that houses a first transmission mechanism coupled to said engine by means of a clutch device configured to connect and disconnect said engine and said first transmission mechanism;
- and a rotary tiller unit (19) including a second transmission case (29) that houses a second transmission mechanism, mechanically coupled to said first transmission mechanism by means of a coupling shaft (15), and supports a rotating shaft (12), horizontal and transverse to direction of travel, mechanically coupled to said second transmission mechanism and provided with two or more rows of tillage tines (13); wherein said first transmission mechanism includes a plurality of gear pairs for establishing at least one forward gear and one reverse gear, and the motive power generated by said engine is transmitted, through said first and second transmission mechanisms, to said rotating shaft to cause said rows of tillage tines to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil, and wherein the convertible agricultural machine is characterized in that:
- said first transmission case (11) supports a through-shaft (14), horizontal and transverse to direction of travel, which is mechanically coupled to said first transmission mechanism and is provided with two removable drive wheels (20) placed one on each of the two side of said first transmission case (11);
- said second transmission case (29) is rotatable (r) around a horizontal axis (27), identical to the longitudinal axis of said coupling shaft (15) that couples said first and said second transmission mechanisms, so that said rotary tiller unit can be fixed alternatively in a first operating position (A), in which the rotary tiller unit is placed below the machine body so that said rows of tillage tines are able to support the weight of the machine and produce the traction force to move the machine in the working direction while they perform a rotary hoeing of the soil, and in a second operating position (B), in which the rotary tiller unit extends from the rear of the machine so that said rows of tillage tines are able to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil while the weight of the machine is supported by said removable drive wheels (20), mounted to said through-shaft (14), that produce the traction to move the machine in the working direction.
2. Convertible agricultural machine according to claim 1, wherein said second transmission mechanism comprises a drive bevel gearwheel (51), integrally mounted on said coupling shaft (15), which permanently meshes with a driven bevel gearwheel (52) integrally mounted on an intermediate drive shaft (53), and a hypoid gear pair (54) which includes a pinion integrally mounted on said intermediate drive shaft (53) and a crown wheel integrally mounted on said rotating shaft (12), and wherein the drive bevel gearwheel (51) supports rotation of the driven bevel gearwheel (52) around the longitudinal axis (27) of said coupling shaft (15) during the rotation (r) of the second transmission case (29) when the rotary tiller unit switches from one operating position to the other.
3. Convertible agricultural machine according to claim 1, wherein said through-shaft (14) protrudes from one side of said first transmission case (11), and a removable casing, fixable to said first transmission case (11) on the same side from which said through-shaft (14) protrudes, supports a single drive wheel, placed in a central position below said first transmission case (11), and houses a transmission mechanism for transmitting the motive power generated by said engine from said through-shaft (14) to said single drive wheel.
4. Convertible agricultural machine (M3) comprising a supporting frame (26) bearing at least an engine (10) that produces a motive power, a handlebar (28), and a transmission case (70), wherein:
- said transmission case houses a first transmission mechanism that is mechanically coupled to said engine by means of a clutch device apt to connect and disconnect an output shaft (39) of said engine and an input shaft (60) of said first transmission mechanism;
- said transmission case houses a rotary tiller unit (19) which includes a second transmission mechanism, mechanically coupled to said first transmission mechanism, and a rotating shaft (12), horizontal and transverse to direction of travel, supported by said transmission case and provided with two or more rows of tillage tines (13); wherein said first transmission mechanism includes a plurality of gear pairs for establishing at least one forward gear and one reverse gear, and the motive power generated by said engine is transmitted, through said first and second transmission mechanisms, to said rotating shaft to cause said rows of tillage tines to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil, and wherein the convertible agricultural machine is characterized in that:
- said transmission case (70) supports a through-shaft (14), horizontal and transverse to direction of travel, which is mechanically coupled to said first transmission mechanism and is provided with two removable drive wheels (20) placed one on each of the two side of said supporting frame (26);
- said transmission case (70) is rotatably supported on said supporting frame (26) so that it is rotatable (s) around a horizontal axis (80), identical to the longitudinal axis of the input shaft (60) of said first transmission mechanism, and can be fixed alternatively in a first operating position (A), in which the rotary tiller unit is placed below the machine body so that said rows of tillage tines are able to support the weight of the machine and produce the traction force to move the machine in the working direction while they perform a rotary hoeing of the soil, and in a second operating position (B), in which the rotary tiller unit extends from the rear of the machine so that said rows of tillage tines are able to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil while the weight of the machine is supported by said removable driving wheels (20), mounted to said through -shaft, that produce the traction to move the machine in the working direction;
- and said transmission case (70) is secured to said supporting frame (26), in each of said first (A) and second (B) operating positions, by means of fixing devices.
5. Convertible agricultural machine (M2, M3) according to claim 1 or 4, wherein said clutch device is apt to connect and disconnect an output shaft of said engine and an input shaft of said first transmission mechanism and consists of a transmission belt (21) slackly mounted on two pulleys (22, 23), one (22) of which is linked with said output shaft and the other (23) with said input shaft, the clutch engagement being obtained by the application against said belt (21) of tensioning means (24) controlled by a lever, and the clutch device can include a protection hood (35) for said belt provided with a through-hole (6) to allow a wheel shaft (5) to pass through it.
6. Convertible agricultural machine (M2) according to claim 5, wherein said first transmission case (11) is slidingly supported on a supporting frame (26) and is fixable at least in two positions by means of fixing devices, so that the position of said first transmission case with respect to said engine (10), and thus a centre-to-centre distance between said output shaft (39) of said engine and said input shaft (60) of said first transmission mechanism and the position of said rotating shaft (12) with respect to the centre of gravity of the machine, is adjustable in relation to the two operating positions (A, B) of said rotary tiller unit (19).
7. Convertible agricultural machine according to claim 1 or claim 4, wherein said second transmission mechanism consists of a transmission chain (16) mounted on two sprocket (17, 18), one sprocket (17) being mounted on said coupling shaft (15) of said first and second transmission mechanisms and the other (18) integrally mounted on said rotating shaft (12).
8. Convertible agricultural machine (M4) comprising at least:
- an engine (10) for producing a motive power;
- a handlebar (28);
- and a transmission mechanism that is housed in a transmission case (37) and mechanically coupled to said engine by means of a clutch device (55) apt to connect and disconnect said engine and said transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism includes a plurality of gear pairs for establishing at least one forward gear and one reverse gear; wherein said transmission mechanism transfers the motive power generated by said engine to a through-shaft (14), horizontal and transverse to direction of travel, which is supported by said transmission case and is provided with two removable driving wheels (20) placed one on each of the two side of said transmission case (37); wherein said transmission mechanism transfers the motive power generated by said engine to a power take-off unit (56) by means of a horizontal coupling shaft (15) transverse to direction of travel, said power take-off unit being located in the rear part of said transmission case (37) and housed in a housing box (57) that supports said coupling shaft (15), and said power take-off unit comprises a front coupling element which includes an output shaft (58), for transmitting rotational motion and torque, and a coupling flange (59) for attachment of implements; wherein a rotary tiller unit (50) comprises a case (61) which supports a horizontal rotating shaft (12), transverse to direction of travel and provided with two or more rows of tillage tines (43), and houses therein a mechanism configured to transfer motive power from a power take-off to said horizontal rotating shaft (12), the rotary tiller unit being able to be connected to said power take-off unit (56) to cause said rows of tillage tines to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil, and wherein the convertible agricultural machine is characterized in that:
- said housing box (57) of said power take-off unit (56) is rotatably supported by said transmission case (37);
- said housing box (57) of said power take-off unit (56) is rotatable (t) around a horizontal axis (27), identical to the longitudinal axis of said coupling shaft (15), so that it can be fixed alternatively in a first operating position (A), in which said front coupling element of said power take-off unit (56) is oriented towards the soil so that the longitudinal axis (84) of the output shaft (58) of said power take-off unit and a longitudinal axis (d) of the machine in the horizontal plane conjointly define an angle (90) in a range of 50° to 90° in the direction (f) of forward motion of the machine, and in a second operating position (B), in which said front coupling element of said power take-off unit is rearward facing and said longitudinal axis (84) of the output shaft (58) of said power take-off unit is roughly parallel to said longitudinal axis (d) of the machine;
- said rotary tiller unit (50) connected to said power take-off unit fixed in said first operating position (A) is placed below the machine body so that said rows of tillage tines are able to support the weight of the machine and produce the traction force to move the machine in the working direction while they perform a rotary hoeing of the soil, and said rotary tiller unit (50) connected to said power take-off unit (56) fixed in said second operating position (B) extends from the rear of the machine body so that said rows of tillage tines are able to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil while the weight of the machine is supported by said removable drive wheels (20), mounted to said through-shaft (14), that produce the traction to move the machine in the working direction.
9. Convertible agricultural machine according to claim 8, wherein said coupling shaft (15) can be coupled alternatively to an input shaft (86) to said transmission mechanism, so that the rotational speed of the output shaft (58) of said power take-off unit is independent from said transmission mechanism, or to an output shaft (87) of said transmission mechanism so that the rotational speed of the output shaft (58) of said power take-off unit depends on the rotational speed of said output shaft of said transmission mechanism.
10. Convertible agricultural machine according to claim 8, wherein said coupling shaft (15) is supported by said transmission case (37) and rotatably supports said housing box (57) of said power take-off unit.
11 . Convertible agricultural machine according to claim 1 or 4 or 8, wherein the machine includes a front bumper (34) and at least one retractable supporting arm (25), hinged at one end to said front bumper or to the lower part of said engine (10) or to the front end of said supporting frame (26), which, when in a lowered position (C), is apt to hold up the machine overturned forward in such a position that the machine leans against said front bumper and said retractable supporting arm at the same time.
12. Convertible agricultural machine (M5) comprising at least:
- an engine (10) for producing a motive power;
- a handlebar (28);
- and a transmission mechanism that is housed in a transmission case (37) and mechanically coupled to said engine by means of a clutch device (55) apt to connect and disconnect said engine and said transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism includes a plurality of gear pairs for establishing at least one forward gear and one reverse gear; wherein said transmission mechanism transfers the motive power generated by said engine to a through-shaft (14), horizontal and transverse to direction of travel, which is supported by said transmission case (37) and is provided with two removable drive wheels (20), placed one on each of the two side of said transmission case (37), that supports the weight of the machine and produce the traction to move the machine in the working direction; wherein said transmission mechanism transfers the motive power generated by said engine to a first power take-off (88) which is located in the rear part of said transmission case (37); wherein a rotary tiller unit (50) comprises a case (61) which supports a horizontal rotating shaft (12), transverse to direction of travel and provided with two or more rows of tillage tines (13), and houses therein a mechanism configured to transfer motive power from a power take-off to said horizontal rotating shaft, the rotary tiller unit being able to be connected to said first power take-off to cause said rows of tillage tines to perform a rotary hoeing of the soil, and wherein the convertible agricultural machine is characterized in that:
- said transmission case (37) is provided with a second power take-off (89) that is located on the underside of said transmission case and receives the motive power generated by said engine by means of said transmission mechanism; - after dismounting said drive wheels (20) from said through-shaft (14), said rotary tiller unit
(50) is connected to said second power take-off (89) so that said rotary tiller unit is placed below the machine body and said rows of tillage tines are able to support the weight of the machine and produce the traction force to move the machine in the working direction while they perform a rotary hoeing of the soil. 13. Convertible agricultural machine according to claim 12, wherein the machine includes a front bumper (34) and at least one retractable supporting arm (25) which is hinged at one end to said front bumper or to the lower part of said engine and is provided with manoeuvring wheels (8) at the other end, and said retractable supporting arm, when in a lowered position (C), is apt to hold up the machine overturned forward in such a position that the machine leans against said front bumper and said retractable supporting arm at the same time.
PCT/IB2021/057707 2020-08-27 2021-08-23 Convertible agricultural machine WO2022013846A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102020000020560 2020-08-27
IT102020000020560A IT202000020560A1 (en) 2020-08-27 2020-08-27 MOTOR CULTIVATOR CONVERTIBLE INTO MOTOR HOE
IT102020000020614A IT202000020614A1 (en) 2020-08-28 2020-08-28 MOTOR HOE CONVERTIBLE INTO A MOTOR CULTIVATOR
IT102020000020614 2020-08-28
IT102020000028679A IT202000028679A1 (en) 2020-11-26 2020-11-26 MOTOR CULTIVATOR CONVERTIBLE INTO MOTOR HOE
IT102020000028679 2020-11-26

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WO2022013846A1 true WO2022013846A1 (en) 2022-01-20

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PCT/IB2021/057707 WO2022013846A1 (en) 2020-08-27 2021-08-23 Convertible agricultural machine

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5713420A (en) * 1995-08-28 1998-02-03 Garden Way, Incorporated Convertible garden tiller
US20040149457A1 (en) * 2002-12-27 2004-08-05 Nobuo Yamazaki Walk-behind agricultural working machine
US7392854B2 (en) * 2004-08-23 2008-07-01 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Front rotary working machine
US20140262369A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Ardisam, Inc. Drum style roarty tiller
DE202015106518U1 (en) * 2015-12-01 2016-01-04 Josef Lumper Harrow

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5713420A (en) * 1995-08-28 1998-02-03 Garden Way, Incorporated Convertible garden tiller
US20040149457A1 (en) * 2002-12-27 2004-08-05 Nobuo Yamazaki Walk-behind agricultural working machine
US7392854B2 (en) * 2004-08-23 2008-07-01 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Front rotary working machine
US20140262369A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Ardisam, Inc. Drum style roarty tiller
DE202015106518U1 (en) * 2015-12-01 2016-01-04 Josef Lumper Harrow

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