WO2022013653A1 - Débitmètre et procédé de mesure du débit d'un fluide - Google Patents

Débitmètre et procédé de mesure du débit d'un fluide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022013653A1
WO2022013653A1 PCT/IB2021/055607 IB2021055607W WO2022013653A1 WO 2022013653 A1 WO2022013653 A1 WO 2022013653A1 IB 2021055607 W IB2021055607 W IB 2021055607W WO 2022013653 A1 WO2022013653 A1 WO 2022013653A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ultrasonic
transducer unit
path
ultrasonic transducer
measurement
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2021/055607
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Markus KLEMM
Original Assignee
Sick Engineering Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sick Engineering Gmbh filed Critical Sick Engineering Gmbh
Priority to US18/011,902 priority Critical patent/US20230243683A1/en
Priority to CN202180060852.8A priority patent/CN116261651A/zh
Priority to EP21734949.7A priority patent/EP4182703A1/fr
Publication of WO2022013653A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022013653A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/667—Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/668—Compensating or correcting for variations in velocity of sound
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/667—Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/662—Constructional details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/24—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave
    • G01P5/241—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave by using reflection of acoustical waves, i.e. Doppler-effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/24—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave
    • G01P5/245—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave by measuring transit time of acoustical waves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flow meter and a method for measuring the flow of a fluid based on ultrasound.
  • a pair of ultrasonic transducers is mounted on the outer circumference of the pipeline with a mutual offset in the longitudinal direction, which alternately emit and register ultrasonic signals transversely to the flow along a measurement path spanned between the ultrasonic transducers.
  • the ultrasonic signals transported by the fluid are accelerated or decelerated by the flow, depending on the direction of travel.
  • the resulting transit time difference is calculated using geometric parameters to obtain an average flow speed of the fluid. With the cross-sectional area, this results in the volume flow or flow.
  • multiple measurement paths can also be provided, each with a pair of ultrasonic transducers, in order to record a flow cross section at more than one point.
  • the ultrasonic transducers used to generate the ultrasound have an oscillating body, often ceramic. With its help, for example, based on the piezoelectric effect, an electrical signal is converted into ultrasound and vice versa.
  • the ultrasonic transducer works as a sound source, sound detector or both. In this case, a coupling between the fluid and the ultrasonic transducer must be ensured.
  • a common solution is to let the ultrasonic transducers protrude into the line with direct contact to the fluid. Such intrusive probes can make accurate measurements difficult by disturbing the flow.
  • the immersed ultrasonic transducers are exposed to the fluid and its pressure and temperature and may be damaged as a result or lose their function due to deposits.
  • a further embodiment is presented in DE 10 2013 101 950 A1, in which the ultrasound units themselves each consist of groups of several individual transducers. In the case of multi-layer pipe walls, for example made of fiber composite materials, these can be integrated directly into the pipe wall.
  • the functional principle uses the transducer groups in order, as with classic clamp-on arrangements, to emit or receive ultrasound in a targeted manner using structure-borne sound waves.
  • clamp-on constructions in which the ultrasonic transducers are mounted on the outside of the duct wall, this has the advantage that the transducer unit does not protrude into the flow duct and thus the flow is not disturbed and no contamination can occur.
  • Another disadvantage of known intrusive probes occurs at high flow rates. This is clearly shown in EP 2 103 912 A1 in FIGS. 3 and 4. Due to the blowing effect, the ultrasonic package hits different points on the opposite pipe wall depending on the flow rate and possibly no longer hits the ultrasonic transducer unit arranged there.
  • phased-array beam steering A "phased array” consists of individual ultrasonic transducers which together emit superimposed ultrasonic signals whose direction of emission can be changed by changing the individual phases of the individual signals. These "phased-array” ultrasonic transducer units are used in openings in a flow channel.
  • a disadvantage of the difference propagation time method known from the prior art is that at least two ultrasonic transducer units are required for each measurement path.
  • reciprocal electronics or complete symmetry ie exactly the same behavior of the ultrasonic transducer units and the connected electronics for the outward and return directions, is necessary, which further increases the complexity of the device.
  • a Doppler method is also known for determining the flow velocity.
  • the frequency shift of an ultrasonic signal reflected within the flowing fluid is evaluated.
  • only one ultrasonic transducer is used which emits and receives the ultrasonic signals.
  • a measurement is only possible if there are enough suitable scattering particles in the fluid that reflect the ultrasonic signal.
  • the document US 2015/0020608 A1 describes a flow meter with an arrangement of ultrasonic transducer elements, which is set up to a first activating a sub-array of the array of ultrasonic transducer elements to direct at least two outgoing ultrasonic beams through a fluid, and activating a second sub-array of the array of ultrasonic transducer elements to detect the ultrasonic beams after traversing a measurement path.
  • a flow meter with an arrangement of ultrasonic transducer elements, which is set up to a first activating a sub-array of the array of ultrasonic transducer elements to direct at least two outgoing ultrasonic beams through a fluid, and activating a second sub-array of the array of ultrasonic transducer elements to detect the ultrasonic beams after traversing a measurement path.
  • diametrical measurement paths running through a central pipe axis are disclosed, which span a measurement plane in which the central pipe axis also lies. In the case of flow profiles that are
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved device for measuring the flow velocity, which is suitable for measuring fluids that contain no or only a small number of stray particles, the device having a reduced technical complexity and can provide improved measurement accuracy for non-axisymmetric flow profiles.
  • the flow meter according to the invention includes
  • a sensor which has a pipeline for the fluid with a pipe wall, - at least one phased-array ultrasonic transducer unit, a phased-array ultrasonic transducer unit in connection with this application comprising ultrasonic transducer units which emit ultrasonic signals at different angles and can receive ultrasonic signals from different angles, in particular also arrangements of only two ultrasonic transducers,
  • a control and evaluation unit the transducer unit to control the ultrasonic for emitting the ultrasonic signals along a measurement path, for evaluating the received ultrasonic signals and for Determination of a flow rate is formed using transit times of the ultrasonic signals, wherein
  • the sensor has at least one reflector which is designed to reflect the ultrasonic signals emitted by the ultrasonic transducer unit back to the ultrasonic transducer unit, wherein the
  • Ultrasonic signals traverse the measurement path from the ultrasonic transducer unit to the reflector and back to the ultrasonic transducer unit on at least three different path sections, and the measurement path is a secant path that does not run diametrically through a central axis of the pipeline.
  • the particular advantage of the invention is that the flow meter according to the invention requires only one ultrasonic transducer unit to determine a flow of a fluid using the difference transit time method and provides improved measurement accuracy even in the case of non-axisymmetric flow profiles.
  • the complexity of the flowmeter is significantly reduced.
  • the flow meter according to the invention can be designed such that the ultrasonic transducer unit is a one-dimensional ultrasonic transducer unit that has a one-dimensional, linear array of ultrasonic transducers. Since the angle of radiation of the ultrasonic signal with a one-dimensional ultrasonic transducer unit can only be changed in one plane and the ultrasonic signal can be emitted and received again in this plane, the ultrasonic transducer unit and the reflector are aligned in such a way that the ultrasonic signals are again essentially in hit the ultrasonic transducer at the level in which they were emitted.
  • the one-dimensional ultrasonic transducer unit can have an acceptance angle at which ultrasonic signals can also be received that do not impinge on the ultrasonic transducer unit directly in the plane of the emitted ultrasonic signals.
  • Such an acceptance angle is typically in the range of +/- 10 degrees to a nominal transmission and reception plane of a one-dimensional ultrasonic transducer unit, where the nominal transmission and reception level is the level in which the ultrasonic signals are emitted and in which the efficiency for receiving ultrasonic signals is highest.
  • this is usually a plane that includes the ultrasonic transducer row and the direction of emission of the ultrasonic signals.
  • the ultrasonic signals are initially reflected by a first reflector and hit a second reflector, which reflects the ultrasonic signals back to the ultrasonic transducer unit.
  • the ultrasonic signals therefore pass through a measurement path that has at least three different path sections, namely from the ultrasonic transducer unit to the first reflector, from the first reflector to the pipe wall and from the pipe wall back to the ultrasonic converter unit, with the reflector and the ultrasonic converter unit being coordinated and aligned with one another in such a way that the measurement path is a secant path, i.e.
  • the raw center axis does not lie in a plane spanned by the measurement path, but merely intersects it at one point.
  • a received ultrasound signal can lie in a nominal transmission and reception plane of the ultrasound transducer unit or have an angle with respect to the nominal transmission and reception plane that is at most as large as an acceptance angle of the ultrasound transducer unit.
  • the measurement path can also have further path sections, in which case the measurement signal can be reflected on further reflectors and/or on the pipe wall. It is essential that the ultrasonic signals sent out and received again after passing through the measurement path lie essentially in one plane.
  • the ultrasonic transducer unit is also designed to emit ultrasonic signals in a second measurement in such a way that they run through the measurement path in the opposite direction, i.e. initially from the ultrasonic transducer unit to the second reflector, from the second reflector to the first reflector and from the first reflector back to the ultrasonic transducer unit. From the difference in the two The evaluation unit can calculate an average flow rate of the fluid in a known manner from measurements of specific propagation times of the ultrasonic signals.
  • the flow meter according to the invention can be designed in such a way that a large number of measurement paths are implemented within the measurement plane, with the ultrasonic signals being able to be emitted and received at different angles within the measurement plane. A reflector can then preferably be provided for each measuring path.
  • the flow meter according to the invention can be designed such that the ultrasonic transducer unit is a two-dimensional ultrasonic transducer unit that has a two-dimensional array of ultrasonic transducers, wherein the individual ultrasonic transducers of the ultrasonic transducer unit can preferably be arranged in rows and columns. This gives greater flexibility with regard to the possible measurement paths.
  • measurement paths designed as secant paths can be implemented in different measurement planes with a two-dimensional array. Since the measurement paths are in the form of secant paths, the raw center axis does not lie in the measurement planes spanned by the measurement paths in this embodiment either, but only intersects them at one point in each case.
  • the ultrasonic signals are initially reflected at least once by the pipe wall of the pipeline. After one or more reflections on the pipe wall, the ultrasonic signals hit a reflector, which reflects the ultrasonic signals back to the ultrasonic transducer unit.
  • the ultrasonic signals therefore run through a measurement path which has at least three different path sections, namely from the ultrasonic transducer unit to the pipe wall, from the pipe wall to the reflector and from the reflector back to the ultrasonic converter unit. If there is more than one reflection on the pipe wall, the measurement path also has path sections from pipe wall to pipe wall.
  • the ultrasonic transducer unit is also designed to emit ultrasonic signals in a second measurement in such a way that they run through the measurement path in the opposite direction, i.e. first from the ultrasonic transducer unit to the reflector, from the reflector to the pipe wall and after one or more reflections on the pipe wall back to the ultrasonic converter unit .
  • the evaluation unit can calculate an average flow rate of the fluid in a known manner. If the ultrasonic transducer unit is configured as a two-dimensional ultrasonic transducer unit, it can emit and receive ultrasonic signals in different measurement planes.
  • the measuring sensor can have a large number of reflectors arranged on or in the pipe wall.
  • the measuring sensor can have a reflector arranged in an arc in or on the pipe wall and the ultrasonic transducer unit can be controlled in such a way that the ultrasonic signals impinge on the arc-shaped reflector at different locations.
  • the reflector can also be circular, ie it can cover the entire inner circumference of the pipe wall, which further increases the number of possible measurement paths.
  • the ratio r/R is between 0.3 and 0.65 for at least one path section, where R is the radius of the pipeline and r is the shortest distance of the path section from the central axis of the pipeline .
  • These path sections are particularly favorable for meaningfully scanning the flow. They are off-center in relation to the pipe axis but not too close to the edge. The paths then lie approximately on Gaussian nodes. This is advantageous because in the Gaussian node the flow profile does not change with the velocity of the fluid. Overall, this results in higher measurement accuracy. To further improve the measurement accuracy, at least two path sections can have different values for the ratio r/R.
  • the path section between the ultrasonic transducer unit and the reflector runs at a path angle of less than 20 degrees, particularly preferably less than 15 degrees, to the central axis of the pipeline.
  • the ultrasonic transducer unit can advantageously be integrated into the tube wall of the pipeline. As a result, the flow of the fluid is not affected and unwanted disturbances, for example due to turbulence, are prevented.
  • the reflector or reflectors can preferably in the direction of flow after the
  • Ultrasonic transducer unit can be arranged so that it does not affect the fluid flow in the area between the ultrasonic transducer unit and reflectors.
  • the ultrasonic transducer unit and/or the reflector can be arranged in a depression in the pipe wall to reduce disruptions to the fluid flow.
  • the depression can preferably be at least partially covered. Particularly preferably, only openings for the entry and exit of the ultrasonic signals are then provided. Since the ultrasonic transducer unit is designed as a phased array, it can
  • the ultrasonic transducer unit can be aligned in such a way that ultrasonic signals are emitted at an angle of the same absolute value and are received again after passing through the measurement path. Such a symmetry simplifies further processing of the received data.
  • the ultrasonic transducer unit can be designed as a linear array consisting of a row of at least two ultrasonic transducers, the alignment of which is parallel to the measurement path. This makes it possible to counteract a drift effect by controlling the ultrasonic transducers with regard to their phase and thus correspondingly tracking the angle of radiation. In this way, better measurement results can be recorded over a large flow velocity range.
  • the phased-array ultrasonic transducer unit can then take the blowing effect into account online and adapt the direction of emission of the ultrasonic packets to the flow velocity.
  • the ultrasonic transducer unit can also be designed to emit ultrasonic signals with different emission angles simultaneously and to receive the reflected ultrasonic signals simultaneously at different reception angles, with the ultrasonic signals received being able to be separated from one another either by digital post-processing and thus the difference in propagation time being determined, or the interference of the ultrasonic signals received can be evaluated and the difference in transit time can be determined from the signal image.
  • the flow meter according to the invention can also be designed to carry out both methods in order to achieve greater accuracy when determining the flow rate.
  • the method according to the invention can be developed in a similar way and shows similar advantages. Such advantageous features are described by way of example, but not exhaustively, in the dependent claims that follow the independent claims. The invention is explained in detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. Show in the drawing: 1 shows a schematic representation of a flow meter; 2a shows a schematic plan view of an ultrasonic transducer unit designed as a two-dimensional array;
  • 2b shows a schematic side view of an ultrasonic transducer unit designed as a two-dimensional array
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a flow meter according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic perspective view of a flow meter according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of a flow meter according to the invention for multipath measurement
  • FIG. 6a - 6c schematic representations of shielding of a measurement path in a flow meter according to the invention
  • 7 shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the flow measuring device according to the invention
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic representation of a flow meter according to the prior art
  • a flow meter 110 according to the prior art is shown in FIG. 8 for general explanation of the function of a generic flow meter.
  • the flow meter 110 includes a sensor 112 which has a pipe 114 for the fluid 118 with a pipe wall 116 .
  • the fluid, a gas or a liquid, flowing through the pipeline 114 is shown with a broad arrow in FIG. 8 and flows in the z-direction along a central axis
  • the flow meter 110 also has two ultrasonic transducers 120 and 122 which define a measurement path 124 between them in the pipeline 114 .
  • the ultrasonic transducers 120 and 122 are offset in the direction of flow z, ie spaced apart in the longitudinal direction along the central axis 126 of the pipeline 114 .
  • the measuring path 124 is not orthogonal to the direction of flow z, but at a path angle ⁇ .
  • Each of the ultrasonic transducer units 120 and 122 can be used as Transmitter or receiver work and is controlled by a control and evaluation unit 128.
  • the length L of the measuring path 124 in the fluid medium results from the path angle a and the pipe diameter D.
  • Ultrasonic signals which are transmitted and received as ultrasonic wave packets on measurement path 124 in opposite directions, have a component in the direction of flow z on the one hand and against flow direction z on the other, and are therefore accelerated with the flow of fluid 118 or counter to it flow slowed down.
  • the average flow velocity v of the fluid is recalculated using this runtime method where t2 and ti denote the sound propagation times that are required by the emitted ultrasonic wave signals to cover the measurement path 124 upstream or downstream and are recorded in the control and evaluation unit 128 .
  • the throughput can then be calculated with the pipe cross section and the mean flow velocity v of the fluid 118 .
  • the flow meter 10 which is shown very schematically in FIG. 1, also works according to this principle. It also has a measuring sensor 12 with a pipeline 14 and a pipe wall 16 as well as a control and evaluation unit 28 .
  • the fluid 18 flowing through the pipeline 14, a gas or a liquid, is shown with a broad arrow and flows in the z-direction along a central axis 26 of the pipeline 14.
  • the flowing fluid 18 has a flow profile 32, which ultrasonic signals that spread along the pipe wall 16, only slightly affected, for example because of a lower flow rate of the fluid 18 in the area of the pipe wall 16 compared to a flow rate in the area of the central axis 26.
  • the flow meter 110 from in Fig.
  • the device for measuring of a flow of a fluid in FIG. 1 only has an ultrasonic transducer unit 20 in the pipe wall 16 .
  • the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 is also not a "simple" ultrasonic transducer, but is designed as a phased-array ultrasonic transducer unit 20 . It can be designed as a one-dimensional, linear array consisting of a row of at least two individually controllable ultrasonic transducers, the orientation of which is parallel to the measurement path 24, or as shown in the schematic top view of Fig. 2a, as a two-dimensional array of individually controllable ultrasonic transducers 22.
  • ultrasonic transducers 22 are controlled by control and evaluation unit 28 in such a way that they each have a phase offset with one another, with the phase offset being selected such that the superimposition of the resulting ultrasonic waves results in an ultrasonic wave signal which ultrasonic transducer unit 20 receives at a Radiation angle g perpendicular to a surface normal 40 of the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 leaves, as shown in Figure 2b, in which the emitted ultrasonic wave signal is represented by a solid line 42.
  • the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 can also be controlled in such a way that ultrasonic wave signals which are emitted at an angle of incidence c
  • Radiation angle g and angle of incidence f can differ both in amount and in direction.
  • the mode of operation of such phased-array ultrasonic transducer units is known from the prior art.
  • FIG. 2a An array of four times four ultrasonic transducers is shown as an example in FIG. 2a. This limitation is essentially due to the fact that the drawing should remain simple and clear. If 16 such individual ultrasonic transducers deliver too low a signal level, the array can also have more ultrasonic transducers. The array is therefore preferably designed with more ultrasonic transducers in a manner that is not shown. The number of ultrasonic transducers is a compromise between signal strength, complexity and cost.
  • the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 thus transmits and receives ultrasonic signals which move through the pipeline 14 along a measurement path 24 .
  • the measurement path 24 has a plurality of path sections 24a, 24b, 24c.
  • the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 emits the ultrasonic signals along a first path section 24a of the measurement path 24 from the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 to the pipe wall 16, the direction of travel of the ultrasonic signals in the first measurement being indicated by solid arrows 24.1 in FIG. After a reflection on the tube wall 16 get the
  • the reflector 30 is arranged downstream in the flow direction 18 of the fluid, i.e. after the ultrasonic transducer unit 20, on or in the pipe wall, so that the flow of the fluid in the area between the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 and the reflector 30 is disturbed only slightly or not at all, in particular when the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 is integrated flush into the pipe wall 16 (not shown).
  • the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 emits the ultrasonic signals in the opposite direction, identified by the dashed arrows 24.2, along the third path section 24c of the measuring path 24 in the direction of the reflector 30. After being reflected at the reflector 30, the ultrasonic signals travel along the second path section 24b to the tube wall 16, from which they are reflected back to the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 along the first path section 24a.
  • the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 and the reflector 30 are arranged in such a way that the third path section 24c of the measurement path 24 between the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 and the reflector 30 runs at a path angle ⁇ of less than 20 degrees, preferably less than 15 degrees, to the central axis 26, the path angle ⁇ being between Center axis 26 and third path section 24c is specified here in relation to a parallel 26.1 of the center axis 26.
  • the third path section 24c therefore runs in an area as close as possible to the pipe wall 16. Due to the flow profile 32 in the pipe 14, the ultrasonic signal is thus only slightly influenced by the fluid flow on the third path section 24c between the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 and the reflector 30.
  • the ultrasonic signal is strongly influenced by the flow profile 32 and the velocity of the fluid in the pipeline.
  • the propagation time of the ultrasonic signals against the flow direction which is measured with the second measurement (measuring path represented by dashed arrows)
  • the propagation time with the flow direction which is measured with the first measurement (measuring path represented by solid arrows).
  • the mean flow velocity v of the fluid is calculated using this running time method
  • L24a, L24b, L24C the lengths of the path sections 24a, 24b, 24c, Ct24a, Ct24b the path angles of the first path section 24a and the second path section 24b to the central axis 26; ⁇ the path angle of the third path section 24c to the central axis 26;
  • the throughput can then be calculated with the pipe cross section and the mean flow velocity v of the fluid 18 .
  • the correction factor C v can be determined, for example, in such a way that the sound propagation times i and ⁇ 24.2 are measured in a calibration process at one or more different predetermined mean flow velocities v and the correction factor C v is calculated by rearranging the above equation.
  • the measurement of several different flow velocities is preferred, since the flow profile 32 can also depend on the flow velocity.
  • the correction factor C v can also be calculated by means of the customary simulation of the sound propagation times i and 2 of the ultrasonic signals, taking into account a likewise customary simulated, flow velocity-dependent flow profile.
  • the speed-dependent on the flow profile and thus the flow correction factor C can thus v i as a function of the sound transit times and are given second
  • the radiation angle g can be changed by controlling the individual ultrasonic transducers 22 using the control and evaluation unit 28 . This can counteract a drift effect, especially at high flow speeds. Specifically, the radiation angle g can be readjusted in such a way that the reflector 30 is always hit, regardless of the flow velocity, and the emitted ultrasonic signals are reflected back to the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 .
  • the radiation angle g depends on the set phase shift of the individual signals and on the speed of sound in the fluid.
  • the speed of sound itself depends on environmental conditions such as temperature and pressure. It is therefore advantageous that the phase difference can be adjusted as a function of the ambient conditions by controlling the individual ultrasonic transducers 22 using the control and evaluation unit 28 so that the radiation angle g remains the same even if the speed of sound changes.
  • an environmental detection unit (not shown) can be provided, which, for example, detects the temperature and/or pressure in the pipeline 14 and forwards it to the control and evaluation unit 28 in order to determine the fluid properties monitor and thus be able to calculate the speed of sound and density.
  • the ultrasonic transducers 22 can be controlled and evaluated better. Density is necessary to calculate mass flow and can be calculated from the properties of the medium, temperature and pressure.
  • the measuring path 24 is shown in FIG. 1 as a diametrical measuring path which runs through a central axis 26 of the pipeline 14 . According to the invention, it can be designed as a secant path, as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a flow meter 310 according to the invention, with the pipeline 14 being shown in the direction of flow.
  • the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 emits ultrasonic signals on a measurement path 34, which now does not run diametrically through the central axis 26 of the pipeline 14, but as a so-called secant path with the path sections 34a, 34b, 34c.
  • the measurement path 34 does not run orthogonally to the direction of flow 18 , ie out of the plane of the drawing or into the plane of the drawing.
  • secant paths is advantageous in the case of asymmetrical velocity distributions.
  • the central axis 26 of the pipeline 14 does not lie in a measurement plane spanned by the path sections 34a, 34b, 34c of the measurement path 34, but only intersects this at one point. This means that higher levels of accuracy are possible when determining the mean flow velocity.
  • the ratio r/R can be between 0.3 and 0.65, where R is the radius of the pipeline and r is the shortest distance of the path section to the central axis of the pipeline, here shown for path portion 34a.
  • a multipath measurement can preferably take place, with the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 emitting ultrasonic signals at different angles, so that the ultrasonic signals pass through the pipeline 14 on different measurement paths within a measurement plane, with a reflector 30 being able to be arranged on or in the pipe wall for each measurement path.
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a flow meter 410 according to the invention with an ultrasonic transducer unit 20, which has a two-dimensional array of individually controllable ultrasonic transducers and can emit and receive ultrasonic signals in different measurement planes.
  • Three different measuring paths 432, 434, 436 with path sections 432a-c, 434a-c, 436a-c are shown as examples.
  • the measurement paths 432, 434, 436 are secant paths that do not run diametrically through the central axis 26 of the pipeline 14.
  • the central axis 26 of the pipeline 14 thus does not lie in the measurement planes spanned by the measurement paths 432, 434, 436, but only intersects them at one point.
  • the direction of travel of the measurement signals along measurement paths 432, 434, 436 is not shown, but here too, as in the previously shown examples, the measurement signals run through measurement paths 432, 434, 436 in both directions, i.e. as an example for measurement path 432 in a first measurement initially along path section 432a from the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 to the pipe wall 16, then along the path section 432b to the reflector 430 and from the reflector 430 along the path section 432c back to the ultrasonic transducer unit 20.
  • the measurement path 432 is then traversed in the opposite direction, So first along path section 432c from the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 to reflector 430, then along path section 432b to tube wall 16 and along path section 432a from tube wall 16 back to ultrasonic transducer unit 20.
  • this exemplary embodiment has a reflector 430 arranged in an arc on or in the tube wall. Since the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 is designed as a two-dimensional ultrasonic transducer unit, it can emit and receive ultrasonic signals in different measurement planes and can be controlled in such a way that the ultrasonic signals impinge on the reflector 430 at different locations. As a result, different measurement paths and/or measurement planes can be used flexibly.
  • the reflector 430 can also be circular, ie it can cover the entire inner circumference of the pipe wall, which further increases the number of possible measurement paths.
  • the use of a plurality of ultrasonic transducer units is also possible for a multipath measurement, as shown in FIG.
  • the flowmeter 10 has a second ultrasonic transducer unit 20/2, which transmits ultrasonic signals along a second measurement path 24/2 transmits and receives, the ultrasonic signals at a second ultrasonic transducer unit 20/2, which transmits ultrasonic signals along a second measurement path 24/2 transmits and receives, the ultrasonic signals at a second
  • Reflector 30/2 are reflected.
  • N ultrasonic transducer units can be used, which span N measurement paths.
  • one reflector can also be provided, for example, which is designed as a peripheral elevation or groove of the tube wall 16 .
  • 6b shows an alternative embodiment in which the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 and the reflector 30 are arranged in a depression 44 in the pipe wall.
  • the depression 44 can be closed, as shown in FIG. 5c, except for openings for the entry and exit of the ultrasonic signals, comparable to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 5a.
  • the indentation 44 can also be designed as a measuring module that can be flanged to an opening in the pipe wall 16 and contains the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 and the reflector 30 .
  • FIG. 7 A further alternative embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 7.
  • the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 transmits and receives ultrasonic signals which move through the pipeline 54 along a measurement path 64 .
  • the measurement path 64 has a plurality of path sections 64a, 64b, 64c.
  • the reflector 60 for reflecting back the ultrasonic signals is formed by the tube wall 56 of the pipeline 54 itself.
  • the pipeline 54 has a U-shaped coil.
  • the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 emits the ultrasonic signals along a first path section 64a of the measuring path 64, the direction of travel of the ultrasonic signals being identified by solid arrows 64.1 in the first measurement.
  • the ultrasonic signals travel along a second path section 64b to a reflector 60, which is formed by the pipe wall 56 and reflects the ultrasonic signals back to the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 along a third path section 64c.
  • the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 emits the ultrasonic signals in the opposite direction, identified by the dashed arrows 64.2, along the third path section 64c of the measuring path 64 in the direction of the reflector 60. After being reflected at the reflector 60, the ultrasonic signals travel along the second path section 64b to the pipe wall 56, from which they are reflected back to the ultrasonic transducer unit 20 along the first path section 64a.
  • the measurement path 64 runs through the fluid 18 in such a way that the third path section 64c runs essentially parallel to the flow of the fluid 18, while the other two path sections 64a, 64b run essentially perpendicular to the flow of the fluid 18 get lost.
  • the propagation speed of the ultrasonic signals on the first and second path sections 64a, 64b is only slightly influenced by the fluid flow.
  • the ultrasonic signal is strongly influenced by the fluid flow and the speed of the fluid in the pipeline 54.
  • the propagation time of the ultrasonic signals against the flow direction which is measured with the second measurement (measuring path represented by dashed arrows)
  • the propagation time with the flow direction which is measured with the first measurement (measuring path represented by solid arrows). It is thus also possible with this embodiment of the invention to calculate the mean flow rate of the fluid 18 by evaluating the difference in transit time between the two measurements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un débitmètre pour mesurer le débit d'un fluide, ledit débitmètre comprenant : un capteur de mesure qui comporte un tuyau pour le fluide avec une paroi de tuyau ; au moins une unité de transducteur ultrasonore à réseau de phase qui peut émettre des signaux ultrasonores à différents angles de faisceau et peut recevoir des signaux ultrasonores à partir de différents angles de réception ; une unité de commande et d'évaluation qui est conçue pour commander l'unité de transducteur ultrasonore afin d'émettre les signaux ultrasonores le long d'un trajet de mesure et pour évaluer les signaux ultrasonores reçus et déterminer un flux à l'aide des temps de propagation des signaux ultrasonores, le capteur de mesure comportant au moins un réflecteur qui est conçu pour réfléchir les signaux ultrasonores émis par l'unité de transducteur ultrasonore vers la même unité de transducteur ultrasonore, les signaux ultrasonores traversant le trajet de mesure de l'unité de transducteur ultrasonore vers le réflecteur et revenant vers l'unité de transducteur ultrasonore sur des sections de trajet qui sont au moins en partie différentes et le trajet de mesure étant un trajet sécant qui ne s'étend pas diamétralement à travers un axe central du tuyau.
PCT/IB2021/055607 2020-07-16 2021-06-24 Débitmètre et procédé de mesure du débit d'un fluide WO2022013653A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US18/011,902 US20230243683A1 (en) 2020-07-16 2021-06-24 Flowmeter and method for meausuring the flow of a fluid
CN202180060852.8A CN116261651A (zh) 2020-07-16 2021-06-24 流量测量装置和用于测量流体的流量的方法
EP21734949.7A EP4182703A1 (fr) 2020-07-16 2021-06-24 Débitmètre et procédé de mesure du débit d'un fluide

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EP20186143.2A EP3940346B1 (fr) 2020-07-16 2020-07-16 Débitmètre et procédé de mesure du débit d'un fluide
EP20186143.2 2020-07-16

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CN115015576A (zh) * 2022-06-28 2022-09-06 中国海洋大学 一种时频同步原理的海流及海流计三维运动速度测量方法

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CN116754029B (zh) * 2023-08-17 2023-11-17 北京嘉洁能科技股份有限公司 一种管道流量测量方法及热量表积分仪系统

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CN115015576A (zh) * 2022-06-28 2022-09-06 中国海洋大学 一种时频同步原理的海流及海流计三维运动速度测量方法

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US20230243683A1 (en) 2023-08-03
EP3940346A1 (fr) 2022-01-19
EP4182703A1 (fr) 2023-05-24
CN116261651A (zh) 2023-06-13

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