WO2022012461A1 - 电池包灭火系统 - Google Patents

电池包灭火系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022012461A1
WO2022012461A1 PCT/CN2021/105710 CN2021105710W WO2022012461A1 WO 2022012461 A1 WO2022012461 A1 WO 2022012461A1 CN 2021105710 W CN2021105710 W CN 2021105710W WO 2022012461 A1 WO2022012461 A1 WO 2022012461A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fire extinguishing
balance valve
battery pack
pressure
extinguishing agent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/105710
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李飞
姜乃文
张尧
王宇豪
王亮
Original Assignee
哲弗智能系统（上海）有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 哲弗智能系统（上海）有限公司 filed Critical 哲弗智能系统（上海）有限公司
Publication of WO2022012461A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022012461A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
    • A62C35/10—Containers destroyed or opened by flames or heat
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A62C37/08—Control of fire-fighting equipment comprising an outlet device containing a sensor, or itself being the sensor, i.e. self-contained sprinklers
    • A62C37/10—Releasing means, e.g. electrically released
    • A62C37/11—Releasing means, e.g. electrically released heat-sensitive
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery pack fire extinguishing system.
  • the present application provides a battery pack fire extinguishing system for extinguishing the battery pack, including: a fire extinguishing agent storage device for storing the fire extinguishing agent: a main injection line for passing the fire extinguishing agent into the battery pack; and a pressure A balance valve, two ends of the pressure balance valve are respectively connected with the fire extinguishing agent storage device and the main injection pipeline, when the pressure in the main injection pipeline is reduced to trigger the pressure balance valve, the pressure balance valve is opened, The fire extinguishing agent storage device communicates with the main injection line.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of a battery pack fire extinguishing system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a pressure balance valve provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a thermal plug provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature delimited with “first”, “second” may expressly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.
  • plurality means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically defined.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements, unless otherwise specified limit.
  • installed may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements, unless otherwise specified limit.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery pack fire extinguishing system 10 .
  • the battery pack fire extinguishing system 10 includes a fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 , a main injection line 100 and a pressure balance valve 110 .
  • the fire extinguishing agent storage device is used for storing fire extinguishing agent.
  • the main injection pipeline 100 is used for passing the fire extinguishing agent into the battery pack 200 .
  • Both ends of the pressure balance valve 110 are respectively connected to the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 and the main injection pipeline 100 . When the pressure in the main injection line 100 decreases to trigger the pressure balance valve 110, the pressure balance valve 110 opens.
  • the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 communicates with the main injection pipeline 100 .
  • the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 may be used to pre-store fire extinguishing agents.
  • the fire extinguishing agent may be gaseous or liquid.
  • the fire extinguishing agent can be carbon dioxide, heptafluoropropane, IG541, aerosol, water-based fire extinguishing agent, hydrogel, perfluorohexanone and the like.
  • the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 may be a pressure container capable of bearing a certain pressure.
  • the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 may have a spherical tank structure or a cubic structure.
  • the material of the main injection pipe 100 may be alloy, polyester, ceramic and other materials.
  • the diameter of the main injection pipeline 100 can be set as required, which is not limited here.
  • the main injection line 100 can be inserted into the battery pack 200 .
  • the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 may spray the fire extinguishing agent into the battery pack 200 through the main spraying pipeline 100 .
  • the pressure balance valve 110 may have a balance valve inlet port 114 and a balance valve outlet port 116 .
  • the balance valve inlet end 114 may communicate with the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500
  • the balance valve outlet end 116 may communicate with the main injection line 100 .
  • the pressure balance valve 110 can reach a balanced state. In the balance state, the pressure balance valve 110 can block the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 and the main injection pipeline 100 . At this time, the pressure of the gas in the main injection pipeline 100 may be equal to the gas pressure of the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 . When the pressure of the gas in the main injection line 100 becomes smaller, the equilibrium state of the pressure balance valve 110 is broken. The fire extinguishing agent gas or liquid in the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 will push the internal structure of the pressure balance valve 110 so that the pressure balance valve 110 is opened. The fire extinguishing agent can enter the main injection line 100 through the pressure balance valve 110 .
  • the temperature in the battery pack 200 increases.
  • the change of the pressure in the main injection line 100 can be controlled by measuring the change of temperature, for example, the main injection line 100 can be communicated with the atmosphere at this time to release the inert gas stored inside.
  • a heat-sensitive material may also be provided at an outlet of the main injection pipe 100 opposite to the battery pack 200 .
  • the morphology of the heat-sensitive material may change.
  • the heat-sensitive material can be changed from a solid state to a gas state or a liquid state to reduce the volume.
  • the main injection pipeline 100 can communicate with the outside through the outlet, so as to reduce the pressure of the main injection pipeline 100 .
  • the purpose of opening the pressure balance valve 110 can also be achieved by increasing the pressure of the inner cavity of the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 .
  • a temperature sensor may be provided in the battery pack 200 . When the temperature sensor senses an increase in temperature, the space of the cavity in which the fire extinguishing agent is stored may be reduced by controlling the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 to increase the cavity of the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 pressure. Or input gas into the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 to increase the cavity pressure of the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 to achieve the purpose of opening the pressure balance valve 110 .
  • the battery pack fire extinguishing system 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 , a main injection line 100 and a pressure balance valve 110 .
  • the main injection line 100 is used to pass into the battery pack 200 .
  • Both ends of the pressure balance valve 110 are respectively connected to the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 and the main injection pipeline 100 .
  • the pressure balance valve 110 opens.
  • the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 is in communication with the main injection pipeline 100 , so the battery pack 200 can be quickly extinguished, and the safety performance of the battery pack 200 is improved.
  • the pressure balance valve 110 includes a balance valve housing 112 and a balance piston 118 .
  • the balance valve housing 112 surrounds and forms an accommodating cavity.
  • the balance valve housing 112 is provided with a balance valve inlet end 114 and a balance valve outlet end 116 .
  • the balance valve inlet end 114 and the balance valve outlet end 116 communicate with the accommodating cavity.
  • the balance piston 118 is disposed in the accommodating chamber. When the balance piston 118 is in the first position, the balance valve inlet end 114 and the balance valve outlet end 116 are closed.
  • the balance valve housing 112 may have a cubic structure.
  • the top end of the balance valve housing 112 may be provided with a balance valve inlet port 114 .
  • a balance valve outlet end 116 may be provided in the middle of the side wall of the balance valve housing 112 .
  • the balance valve inlet port 114 may be used to communicate with the fire suppressant storage device 500 .
  • the balance valve outlet end 116 may communicate with the main injection line 100 .
  • the balance piston 118 may also be disposed inside the balance valve housing 112 . The balance piston 118 is free to slide between the top and bottom of the balance valve housing 112 .
  • the balance piston 118 may divide the accommodation cavity formed by the balance valve housing 112 into a first inner cavity and a second inner cavity.
  • the first inner cavity may be connected to the balance valve inlet port 114 .
  • the second inner cavity may be connected to the balance valve outlet port 116 .
  • the balance valve outlet end 116 communicates with the balance valve inlet end 114 through the first inner cavity.
  • the fire extinguishing agent enters the main injection pipeline 100 through the inlet end 114 of the balance valve, the accommodating cavity and the outlet end 116 of the balance valve.
  • the battery pack fire extinguishing system 10 includes a plurality of battery modules 220 .
  • the battery pack fire extinguishing system 10 includes a plurality of injection branch pipes 140 .
  • the plurality of injection branch pipes 140 are arranged in the main injection pipeline 100 at intervals.
  • the plurality of injection branch pipes 140 communicate with the main injection pipeline 100 .
  • each of the battery modules 220 is correspondingly provided with at least one of the injection branch pipes 140 .
  • a plurality of lithium-ion battery cells can be arranged in the battery module 220 .
  • the injection branch pipe 140 may be integrally formed with the injection main pipe 100 .
  • the main injection line 100 may be provided with a plurality of through holes at intervals.
  • the injection branch pipe 140 may be inserted into the through hole. It can be understood that the distances between the plurality of the injection branch pipes 140 may be set according to the arrangement interval of the battery modules 220 .
  • Each of the battery modules 220 may correspond to at least one of the injection branch pipes 140 .
  • the injection port of the injection and injection branch pipe 140 may correspond to the position where the battery module 220 is likely to release high-temperature gas or generate flames after the battery module 220 is out of control.
  • the spray port of the spray branch pipe 140 may have a shower structure, so as to increase the spray area to the battery module 220 .
  • the injection branch pipe 140 may penetrate the main injection pipe 100 along the radial direction of the main injection pipe 100 . Therefore, both ends of the injection branch pipe 140 extend from the main injection pipe 100 , respectively. Therefore, both ends of the injection branch pipe 140 may correspond to one of the battery modules 220 respectively.
  • each of the battery modules 220 may correspond to two of the injection branch pipes 140 . That is to say, when a certain battery module 220 is thermally out of control, at least two of the injection branch pipes 140 may inject fire extinguishing agent to the battery module 220, so that the fire extinguishing efficiency can be improved.
  • the battery pack fire suppression system 10 further includes a plurality of thermal plugs 150 .
  • One of the thermal plugs 150 is disposed at the injection port of each of the injection branch pipes 140 . It can be understood that the thermal plug 150 can block the injection port of the injection branch pipe 140 .
  • the thermal plug 150 can change from a solid state to a liquid state or a gas state at a certain temperature. Therefore, the injection branch pipe 140 can communicate with the inside of the battery pack 200 .
  • the inert gas pre-charged in the injection branch pipe 140 is released, so the pressure in the injection branch pipe 140 can be reduced. At this time, the pressure balance valve 110 will be opened.
  • the fire extinguishing agent can pass through the pressure equalization valve 110 and be input into the main injection line 100 . Finally, the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed from the spray branch pipe 140 to the battery module 220 .
  • the material of the thermal plug 150 may be made of a low melting point metal alloy. In one embodiment, the melting point of the thermal plug 150 may be 60°C-80°C. It can be understood that the temperature of the high-temperature gas injected after the thermal runaway of the battery module 220 is also within this range.
  • the material of the thermal plug 150 may be an alloy made of elements such as bismuth, lead, tin, and cadmium.
  • the thermal plug 150 includes a plug body 152 and a fusible material (not shown) disposed in the plug body 152 .
  • the plug body 152 may be a hollow structure.
  • the hollow structure can be used to fill the fusible material.
  • the end of the plug body 152 may have an annular stepped structure 154 .
  • the annular step structure 154 can play the role of installation support. For example, when the plug body 152 is inserted into the injection port of the injection branch pipe 140 , the annular stepped structure 154 can be clamped to the injection port of the injection branch pipe 140 .
  • the plug body 152 may also be installed in the battery module 220 .
  • the step-shaped structure 154 can be clamped on the surface of the battery module 220 .
  • the battery pack fire extinguishing system 10 further includes the plurality of battery modules 220 .
  • the battery module 220 is provided with a mounting hole 222 .
  • the injection port of the injection branch pipe 140 can extend into the installation hole 222
  • the thermal plug 150 is installed in the installation hole 222 and blocks the injection port of the injection branch pipe 140 .
  • the battery module 220 may be provided with end caps. When the battery cells disposed in the battery module 220 are thermally out of control, the high-temperature gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cells is easily sprayed to the end caps. Therefore, the mounting hole 222 can be disposed on the end cover of the battery module 220 .
  • the thermal plug 150 can be installed on the end cover of the battery module 220 . It can be understood that the shapes of the mounting hole 222 and the thermal plug 150 may not be limited. The mounting hole 222 and the thermal plug 150 may have corresponding cubic structures or corresponding cylindrical structures.
  • the injection port of the injection branch pipe 140 can also be directly inserted into the battery module 220 . Therefore, the thermal plug 150 also blocks the injection port of the injection branch pipe 140 in the battery module 220 . Therefore, when the high temperature in the battery module 220 melts the fusible material in the thermal plug 150, the injection branch pipe 140 can directly inject the fire extinguishing agent into the battery module 220, thereby improving the fire fighting performance. Efficiency and fire extinguishing effect.
  • the battery pack fire extinguishing system 10 further includes a first sealing valve 310 and a communication pipe 300 .
  • the first sealing valve 310 may be provided in the communication pipe 300 .
  • the first sealing valve 310 may be disposed at the position of the output port of the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 .
  • the first sealing valve 310 can be used to ensure the sealing performance of the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 .
  • the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 may be sealed by the first sealing valve 310 to prevent the fire extinguishing agent from leaking.
  • the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 After the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500, the main injection pipeline 100 and the pressure balance valve 110 are connected, the first sealing valve 310 can be opened. At this time, the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 is in direct communication with the balance valve inlet end 114 of the pressure balance valve 110 .
  • the battery pack fire extinguishing system 10 further includes a first gas-filled core 330 .
  • Both ends of the communication pipe 300 may be respectively connected to the output port of the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 and the pressure balance valve 110 .
  • the first inflatable core 330 is arranged in the arrangement communication pipe 300 .
  • the first gas-filled core 330 is located between the output port of the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 and the first sealing valve 310 .
  • the communication pipe 300 can be made of metal or polyester material.
  • the communication pipe 300 can communicate the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 with the pressure balance valve 110 .
  • One end of the communication pipe 300 may be connected to the output end of the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 , and the other end may be connected to the balance valve inlet end 114 of the pressure balance valve 110 .
  • the first inflatable core 330 is disposed in the communication pipe 300 . It can be understood that the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 can be evacuated through the first gas-filled core 330 . When the vacuum degree in the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 reaches a certain requirement, the fire extinguishing agent can be charged into the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 through other injection ends or the first gas-filled core 330 . It can be understood that when a relatively large pressure is applied to the input port of the first inflatable core 330, the first inflatable core 330 is opened. When the relatively large pressure applied to the input port of the first gas-filled core 330 is removed, the first gas-filled core 330 is closed, so that a vacuum state can be maintained in the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 .
  • the battery pack fire extinguishing system 10 further includes a pressure sensor 320 .
  • the pressure sensor 320 is provided in the communication pipe 300 .
  • the pressure sensor 320 is located between the first inflatable core 330 and the first sealing valve 310 .
  • the pressure sensor 320 may be used to sense the pressure in the communication pipe 300 .
  • the pressure sensor 320 can directly send an alarm and a fault signal to the vehicle equipped with the battery pack 200 to remind the fire extinguishing agent storage device 500 to be repaired as soon as possible.
  • the battery pack fire extinguishing system 10 further includes an overpressure relief valve 120 .
  • the overpressure relief valve 120 is disposed in the main injection pipeline 100 .
  • the overpressure relief valve 120 can be opened when the gas pressure in the main injection pipeline 100 reaches a certain range, so as to avoid the explosion phenomenon caused by the excessive pressure in the main injection pipeline 100 .
  • the main injection pipeline 100 can be filled with inert gas such as nitrogen.
  • the pressure of the inert gas and the pressure of the fire extinguishing agent in the communication pipe 300 can reach an equilibrium state through the pressure balance valve 110.
  • the fusible material in the thermal plug 150 is melted, the inert gas can be sprayed to the battery module 220, and can also play a role in reducing the oxygen concentration and preventing combustion.
  • the battery pack 200 includes a housing 210 .
  • the plurality of battery modules 220 are disposed in the casing 210 .
  • the casing 210 is provided with a battery pack vent valve 230 .
  • the battery pack vent valve 230 can be opened. Therefore, if the battery module 220 or a single unit in the battery module 220 fails, after the pressure of the generated high-temperature flue gas reaches a certain level, it can be released to the outside through the battery pack vent valve 230 to avoid The battery pack 200 burst.
  • the battery pack vent valve 230 can also send a signal alarm to the outside world.
  • the battery pack fire extinguishing system 10 further includes a thermal runaway detector 240 and a fire extinguishing system controller 400 .
  • the thermal runaway detector 240 is disposed in the casing 210 .
  • the fire extinguishing system controller 400 is electrically connected to the thermal runaway detector 240 and the pressure balance valve 110 .
  • the fire extinguishing system controller 400 is configured to control the opening and closing of the pressure balance valve 110 according to the signal sent by the thermal runaway detector 240 .
  • the thermal runaway detector 240 may include a variety of sensors.
  • the sensor may be a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor, a pressure sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a hydrogen sensor, and the like.
  • the thermal runaway condition of the battery pack 200 can be detected by the thermal runaway detector 240 .
  • a signal may be sent to the fire extinguishing system controller 400 .
  • the fire extinguishing system controller 400 can control the pressure balance valve 110 to open.
  • the fire extinguishing system controller 400 may also issue a warning to the vehicle in which the battery pack 200 is installed.
  • the battery pack fire extinguishing system 10 further includes a hose 130 . Both ends of the hose 130 are respectively connected to the pressure balance valve 110 and the main injection pipeline 100 .
  • a second sealing valve 340 and a second inflatable core 350 are provided at the connecting end of the main injection pipeline 100 and the hose 130 . Since the hose 130 has good flexibility, the position can be flexibly arranged according to the site.
  • the second sealing valve 340 can be closed to avoid leakage of the inert gas.
  • the second sealing valve 340 can be opened.
  • the main injection pipe 100 can be pumped through the second gas filling core 350 , so that the main injection pipe 100 has a vacuum state, and then the inert gas is injected into the main injection pipe 100 . After the injection is completed, the second inflatable core 350 can be closed by itself.
  • the battery pack fire extinguishing system 10 further includes a first airtight joint 360 and a second airtight joint 370 . Both ends of the hose 130 may be connected to the inlet port 114 of the balance valve and the input port of the main injection pipeline 100 through the first airtight joint 360 and the second airtight joint 370 , respectively.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种电池包灭火系统，包括灭火剂储存装置、喷射主管路和压力平衡阀。所述灭火剂储存装置用于储存灭火剂。所述喷射主管路用于将所述灭火剂通入所述电池包。所述压力平衡阀的两端分别与所述灭火剂储存装置和喷射主管路连接。当所述喷射主管路中的压强减小以触发所述压力平衡阀时，所述压力平衡阀开启。

Description

电池包灭火系统
本申请要求于2020年7月16日提交的申请号为202010688175.1、名称为“电池包灭火系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及电池包灭火系统。
背景技术
随着科学技术的发展，新能源电动汽车已经成为一个重要发展方向。为了提高锂离子电池的续航能力、减少锂离子电池的体积，锂离子电池的能量密度不断提高。在提升续航里程的同时，也使得锂离子电池的热失控风险和危害程度越来越大。因此，锂离子电池的安全问题已经是人们关注的重要问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电池包灭火系统，用于给电池包灭火，包括：灭火剂储存装置，用于存储灭火剂：喷射主管路，用于将所述灭火剂通入所述电池包；以及压力平衡阀，压力平衡阀的两端分别与所述灭火剂储存装置和喷射主管路连接，当所述喷射主管路中的压强减小以触发所述压力平衡阀时，所述压力平衡阀开启，所述灭火剂储存装置和所述喷射主管路连通。
本发明的各个实施例的细节将在下面的附图和描述中进行说明。根据说明书、附图以及权利要求书的记载，本领域技术人员将容易理解本发明的其它特征、 解决的问题以及技术效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。用于描述附图的附加细节或示例不应当被认为是对本申请的发明创造、目前所描述的实施例或优选方式中任何一者的范围的限制。
图1为本申请实施例提供的电池包灭火系统图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的压力平衡阀截面图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的热敏塞截面图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的电池模组示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似改进，因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以 通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
请参见图1，本申请实施例提供一种电池包灭火系统10。所述电池包灭火系统10包括灭火剂储存装置500、喷射主管路100和压力平衡阀110。所述灭火剂储存装置用于储存灭火剂。所述喷射主管路100用于将所述灭火剂通入所述电池包200。所述压力平衡阀110的两端分别与所述灭火剂储存装置500和喷射主管路100连接。当所述喷射主管路100中的压强减小以触发所述压力平衡阀110时，所述压力平衡阀110开启。所述灭火剂储存装置500和所述喷射主管路100连通。
所述灭火剂储存装置500可以用于预存灭火剂。所述灭火剂可以为气态或者液态。所述灭火剂可以为二氧化碳、七氟丙烷、IG541、气溶胶、水基灭火剂、水凝胶、全氟己酮等。所述灭火剂储存装置500可以为压强容器，能够承载一定的压强。所述灭火剂储存装置500可以为球罐结构，也可以为立方体结构。所述喷射主管路100的材质可以为合金、聚酯、陶瓷等材料。所述喷射主管路100的直径可以根据需要设置，这里不再限定。所述喷射主管路100可以插入到所述电池包200内。当所述电池包200中的电池单体发生热失控时，所述灭火剂储存装置500可以通过所述喷射主管路100向所述电池包200中喷洒所述灭火剂。所述压力平衡阀110可以具有平衡阀入口端114和平衡阀出口端116。所述平衡阀入口端114可以与所述灭火剂储存装置500连通，所述平衡阀出口端116可以与所述喷射主管路100连通。
当所述灭火剂储存装置500充存储灭火剂、所述喷射主管路100中预存惰性气体后，所述压力平衡阀110可以达到以一个平衡状态。在所述平衡状态下，所述压力平衡阀110可以将所述灭火剂储存装置500和所述喷射主管路100阻断。 此时，所述喷射主管路100中气体的压强可以等于所述灭火剂储存装置500的气体压强。当所述喷射主管路100中气体的压强变小时，所述压力平衡阀110的平衡状态被打破。所述灭火剂储存装置500中灭火剂气体或液体会推动所述压力平衡阀110的内部结构，使得所述压力平衡阀110开启。所述灭火剂可以通过所述压力平衡阀110进入所述喷射主管路100。
可以理解，当所述电池包200中的所述电池单体发生热失控时，所述电池包200中的温度升高。可以通过测量温度的变化控制所述喷射主管路100中压强的变化，例如此时可以使所述喷射主管路100与大气连通，以释放内部储存的惰性气体。进一步地，也可以通过在所述喷射主管路100的某个与所述电池包200相对出口设置热敏材料。当所述电池包200中的温度升高时，所述热敏材料的形态可以发生变化。例如所述热敏材料可以由固态变为气态或者液态，以减小体积。此时所述喷射主管路100可以通过所述出口与外界连通，从而降低所述喷射主管路100的压强。
在一个实施例中，也可以通过增大所述灭火剂储存装置500中内腔的压强以达到开启所述压力平衡阀110的目的。在一个实施例中，所述电池包200中可以设置温度感测器。当所述温度感测器感测到温度升高后，可以通过控制所述灭火剂储存装置500储存所述灭火剂的腔体的空间减小，以增加所述灭火剂储存装置500的腔体压强。或者向所述灭火剂储存装置500中输入气体，以增加所述灭火剂储存装置500的腔体压强，达到开启所述压力平衡阀110的目的。
本申请实施例提供的所述电池包灭火系统10包括灭火剂储存装置500、喷射主管路100和压力平衡阀110。所述喷射主管路100用于通入所述电池包200。所述压力平衡阀110的两端分别与所述灭火剂储存装置500和喷射主管路100连接。当所述喷射主管路100中的压强减小以触发所述压力平衡阀110时，所述 压力平衡阀110开启。所述灭火剂储存装置500和所述喷射主管路100连通，因此，可以快速对所述电池包200进行灭火，提高了所述电池包200的安全性能。
请参见图2，所述压力平衡阀110包括平衡阀壳体112和平衡活塞118。所述平衡阀壳体112包围形成容纳腔。所述平衡阀壳体112设置有平衡阀入口端114和平衡阀出口端116。所述平衡阀入口端114和所述平衡阀出口端116与所述容纳腔连通。所述平衡活塞118设置于所述容纳腔，当所述平衡活塞118位于第一位置时，所述平衡阀入口端114和所述平衡阀出口端116关断。当所述平衡阀入口端114的压强大于所述平衡阀出口端116的压强时，所述平衡活塞118由所述第一位置移动到第二位置，所述平衡阀入口端114和所述平衡阀出口端116连通。
所述平衡阀壳体112可以为立方体结构。所述平衡阀壳体112的顶端可以设置平衡阀入口端114。所述平衡阀壳体112的侧壁的中部可以设置平衡阀出口端116。所述平衡阀入口端114可以用于与所述灭火剂储存装置500连通。所述平衡阀出口端116可以与所述喷射主管路100连通。所述平衡阀壳体112内部还可以设置有所述平衡活塞118。所述平衡活塞118可以在所述平衡阀壳体112的顶部和底部之间自由滑动。
所述平衡活塞118可以将所述平衡阀壳体112形成的所述容纳腔划分为第一内腔和第二内腔。所述第一内腔可以与所述平衡阀入口端114连接。所述第二内腔可以与所述平衡阀出口端116连接。当由于所述喷射主管路100中压强减小，造成所述第二内腔内的压强减小时，所述第二内腔中的压强相对于所述第一内腔的压强变小。在所述第一内腔和所述第二内腔的压差作用下，所述平衡活塞118会从所述第一位置朝向所述第二内腔所在的方向移动。使得所述第二内腔的体积逐渐减小。当所述平衡活塞118越过所述平衡阀出口端116达到所述第二位置后， 所述平衡阀出口端116通过所述第一内腔与所述平衡阀入口端114连通。所述灭火剂通过所述平衡阀入口端114、所述容纳腔和所述平衡阀出口端116进入所述喷射主管路100。
在一个实施例中，所述电池包灭火系统10包括多个电池模组220。所述电池包灭火系统10包括多个喷射支管140。所述多个喷射支管140间隔设置于所述喷射主管路100。所述多个喷射支管140与所述喷射主管路100相连通。在所述电池包200内，每个所述电池模组220至少对应设置一个所述喷射支管140。
所述电池模组220中可以设置多个锂离子电池单体。所述喷射支管140可以与所述喷射主管路100一体成型。所述喷射主管路100可以间隔开设多个通孔。所述喷射支管140可以插在所述通孔中。可以理解，多个所述喷射支管140之间的距离可以根据所述电池模组220的排布间隔设置。每个所述电池模组220可以对应至少一个所述喷射支管140。所述喷喷射支管140的喷射口可以对应所述电池模组220失控后容易释放高温气体或者容易产生火苗的位置。
在一个实施例中，所述喷射支管140的喷射口可以具有花洒结构，以便于增加向所述电池模组220的喷射面积。在一个实施例中，所述喷射支管140可以沿着所述喷射主管路100的径向穿透所述喷射主管路100。因此，所述喷射支管140的两端分别从所述喷射主管路100伸出。因此，所述喷射支管140的两端可以分别对应一个所述电池模组220。
在一个实施例中，每个所述电池模组220可以对应两个所述喷射支管140。也就是说，当某个所述电池模组220发生热失控时，可以至少有两个所述喷射支管140向所述电池模组220喷射灭火剂，从而能够提高灭火效率。
在一个实施例中，所述电池包灭火系统10还包括多个热敏塞150。每个所述喷射支管140的喷射口设置一个所述热敏塞150。可以理解，所述热敏塞150 可以将所述喷射支管140的喷射口封堵。所述热敏塞150可以在一定温度下由固态变为液态或者气态。因此，所述喷射支管140可以与所述电池包200内部连通。所述喷射支管140中预充的惰性气体会被释放，因此所述喷射支管140中的压强可以减小。此时所述压力平衡阀110的会被开启。所述灭火剂可以从所述压力平衡阀110通过并输入到所述喷射主管路100。最后，所述灭火剂从所述喷射支管140喷向所述电池模组220。
在一个实施例中，所述热敏塞150的材料可以由低熔点的金属合金制成。在一个实施例中，所述热敏塞150的熔点可以为60℃-80℃。可以理解，所述电池模组220热失控后喷射的高温气体温度也在该范围内。
在一个实施例中，所述热敏塞150的材料可以为铋、铅、锡和镉等元素制成的合金。
请参见图3，在一个实施例中，所述热敏塞150包括塞体152和设置于所述塞体152中的易熔材料(图未示)。所述塞体152可以为中空结构。所述中空结构可以用于填充所述易熔材料。所述塞体152的端部可以具有环形台阶结构154。所述环形台阶结构154可以起到安装支撑的作用。例如当所述塞体152插入所述喷射支管140的喷射口时，所述环形台阶结构154可以卡接在所述喷射支管140的喷射口。在一个实施例中，所述塞体152也可以安装于所述电池模组220中。所述形台阶结构154可以卡接在所述电池模组220的表面。
请参见图4，在一个实施例中，所述电池包灭火系统10还包括所述多个电池模组220。所述电池模组220设置有安装孔222。所述喷射支管140的喷射口可以伸到所述安装孔222中，所述热敏塞150安装于所述安装孔222，并堵塞所述喷射支管140的喷射口。可以理解，所述电池模组220可以设置有端盖。当设置于所述电池模组220中的电池单体热失控时，所述电池单体热失控产生的高温 气体容易向所述端盖出喷射。因此，所述安装孔222可以设置于所述电池模组220的端盖。所述热敏塞150可以安装于所述电池模组220的端盖。可以理解，所述安装孔222和所述热敏塞150的形状可以不限。所述安装孔222和所述热敏塞150的可以为对应的立方体结构，也可以为对应的圆柱结构。
在一个实施例中，所述喷射支管140的喷射口还可直接插入到所述电池模组220中。因此，所述热敏塞150也在所述电池模组220中堵塞所述喷射支管140的喷射口。因此，当所述电池模组220中的高温将所述热敏塞150中的易熔材料熔化后，所述喷射支管140可以直接向所述电池模组220中喷射灭火剂，从而提高了灭火效率和灭火效果。
在一个实施例中，所述电池包灭火系统10还包括第一密封阀310和连通管300。所述第一密封阀310可以设置于所述连通管300。所述第一密封阀310可以设置于所述灭火剂储存装置500的输出口的位置。所述第一密封阀310可以用来确保所述灭火剂储存装置500的密封性能。当在所述灭火剂储存装置500中填充完灭火剂后，可以通过所述第一密封阀310对所述灭火剂储存装置500进行密封，避免所述灭火剂泄露。进一步地，当所述灭火剂储存装置500、所述喷射主管路100和所述压力平衡阀110连接完毕后，可以开启所述第一密封阀310。此时所述灭火剂储存装置500与所述压力平衡阀110的所述平衡阀入口端114直接连通。
在一个实施例中，所述电池包灭火系统10还包括第一充气芯330。所述连通管300的两端可以分别与所述灭火剂储存装置500的输出口和所述压力平衡阀110连接。所述第一充气芯330设置于所述设置连通管300。所述第一充气芯330位于所述灭火剂储存装置500的输出口和所述第一密封阀310之间。所述连通管300可以为金属或者聚酯材料。所述连通管300可以将所述灭火剂储存装置500 和所述压力平衡阀110连通。所述连通管300的一端可以与所述灭火剂储存装置500的输出端连接，另一端可以与所述压力平衡阀110的所述平衡阀入口端114连接。
所述第一充气芯330设置于所述连通管300。可以理解，通过所述第一充气芯330可以对所述灭火剂储存装置500抽真空。当所述灭火剂储存装置500中的真空度达到一定要求后，可以通过其它注入端，或者所述第一充气芯330向所述灭火剂储存装置500中充入所述灭火剂。可以理解，当向所述第一充气芯330的输入口给予较大的压强时，所述第一充气芯330开启。当撤去施加在所述第一充气芯330的输入口的所述较大压强时，所述第一充气芯330关闭，从而可以使得所述灭火剂储存装置500中保持真空的状态。
在一个实施例中，所述电池包灭火系统10还包括压力传感器320。所述压力传感器320设置于所述连通管300。所述压力传感器320位于所述第一充气芯330和所述第一密封阀310之间。所述压力传感器320可以用于感测所述连通管300中的压强。当所述压力传感器320感测到所述连通管300中的压强减小时，说明此时所述灭火剂储存装置500发生泄漏。所述压力传感器320可以直接向装有所述电池包200的车辆发送报警和故障信号，提醒所述灭火剂储存装置500需要尽快进行检修。
在一个实施例中，所述电池包灭火系统10还包括超压泄气阀120。所述超压泄气阀120设置于所述喷射主管路100。所述超压泄气阀120可以在所述喷射主管路100中的气体压强达到一定范围时开启，从而避免所述喷射主管路100中的压强过大而出现爆裂现象。
可以理解，当所述电池包灭火系统10安装完毕后，可以在所述喷射主管路100中填充氮气等惰性气体。所述惰性气体的压强可以与所述连通管300中的灭 火剂的压强通过所述压力平衡阀110达到平衡状态。当所述热敏塞150中的易熔材料熔化后，所述惰性气体可以向所述电池模组220喷射，也可以起到降低氧气浓度，阻隔燃烧的作用。
在一个实施例中，所述电池包200包括壳体210。所述多个电池模组220设置于所述壳体210内。所述壳体210设置有电池包泄气阀230。当所述电池包200内的压强达到一定范围时，所述电池包泄气阀230可以开启。因此，如果所述电池模组220或者所述电池模组220中的单体发生失效时，产生的高温烟气的压强达到一定程度后，可以通过所述电池包泄气阀230向外界释放，避免所述电池包200爆裂。同时，所述电池包泄气阀230也可以向外界发送信号报警。
在一个实施例中，所述电池包灭火系统10还包括热失控探测器240和灭火系统控制器400。所述热失控探测器240设置于所述壳体210内。所述灭火系统控制器400与所述热失控探测器240和所述压力平衡阀110电连接。所述灭火系统控制器400用于根据所述热失控探测器240发出的信号控制所述压力平衡阀110的开闭。
所述热失控探测器240可以包括多种感测器。所述感测器可以为温度感测器、烟雾感测器、压力感测器、一氧化碳感测器、氢气感测器等。通过所述热失控探测器240可以探测所述电池包200的热失控情况。当所述热失控探测器240发现所述电池包200内的电池单体发生热失控时，可以向所述灭火系统控制器400发送信号。所述灭火系统控制器400可以控制所述压力平衡阀110开启。可以理解，当所述电池包200内的温度升高后，所述热敏塞150中的易熔材料会熔化，惰性气体会进入所述电池包200中，所述喷射主管路100中的压强降低，所述灭火剂会通过所述压力平衡阀110快速进入到所述喷射支管140中，并进入所述电池包括达到快速灭火的目的，提高了灭火效率。
在一个实施例中，所述灭火系统控制器400也可以向装有所述电池包200的车辆发出告警。
在一个实施例中，所述电池包灭火系统10还包括软管130。所述软管130的两端分别与所述压力平衡阀110和所述喷射主管路100连接。所述喷射主管路100与所述软管130的连接端设置有第二密封阀340和第二充气芯350。由于所述软管130具有较好的柔韧性，因此可以根据场地灵活布置位置。当向所述喷射主管路100充入所述惰性气体时，可以关闭所述第二密封阀340，以避免所述惰性气体泄漏。当整个所述电池包灭火系统10开启后，可以开启所述第二密封阀340。通过所述第二充气芯350可以对所述喷射主管路100抽气，使得所述喷射主管路100中具有真空状态，然后再向所述喷射主管路100中注入所述惰性气体。注入完毕后，所述第二充气芯350可以自行关闭。
在一个实施例中，所述电池包灭火系统10还包括第一气密接头360和第二气密接头370。所述软管130的两端可以分别通过所述第一气密接头360和所述第二气密接头370与所述平衡阀入口端114和所述喷射主管路100的输入口连接。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电池包灭火系统，用于给电池包灭火，包括：
    灭火剂储存装置，用于存储灭火剂：
    喷射主管路，用于将所述灭火剂通入所述电池包；以及
    压力平衡阀，压力平衡阀的两端分别与所述灭火剂储存装置和喷射主管路连接，当所述喷射主管路中的压强减小以触发所述压力平衡阀时，所述压力平衡阀开启，所述灭火剂储存装置和所述喷射主管路连通。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池包灭火系统，所述电池包括多个电池模组，其中，所述电池包灭火系统包括多个喷射支管，间隔设置于所述喷射主管路，并与所述喷射主管路相连通，在所述电池包内，每个所述电池模组至少对应设置一个所述喷射支管。
  3. 如权利要求2所述电池包灭火系统，其中，所述电池包包括壳体，所述多个电池模组设置于所述壳体内，所述壳体设置有电池包泄气阀。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电池包灭火系统，其中，还包括：
    热失控探测器，设置于所述壳体内；以及
    灭火系统控制器，与所述热失控探测器和所述压力平衡阀连接，用于根据所述热失控探测器发出的信号控制所述压力平衡阀的开闭。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的电池包灭火系统，其中，还包括多个热敏塞，每个所述喷射支管的喷射口设置一个所述热敏塞。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电池包灭火系统，其中，所述电池模组设置有安装孔，所述热敏塞安装于所述安装孔。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的电池包灭火系统，其中，所述压力平衡阀包括：
    平衡阀壳体，包围形成容纳腔，所述平衡阀壳体设置有平衡阀入口端和平衡 阀出口端，所述平衡阀入口端和所述平衡阀出口端与所述容纳腔连通；
    平衡活塞，所述平衡活塞设置于所述容纳腔，当所述平衡活塞位于第一位置时，所述平衡阀入口端和所述平衡阀出口端关断，当所述平衡阀入口端的压强大于所述平衡阀出口端的压强时，所述平衡活塞由所述第一位置移动到第二位置，所述平衡阀入口端和所述平衡阀出口端连通。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的电池包灭火系统，其中，还包括：
    连通管，所述连通管的两端分别与所述灭火剂储存装置的输出口和所述压力平衡阀连接；
    第一密封阀，设置于所述连通管；
    第一充气芯，设置于所述连通管，并位于所述灭火剂储存装置的输出口和所述第一密封阀之间。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电池包灭火系统，其中，还包括压力传感器，设置于所述连通管，并位于所述第一充气芯和所述第一密封阀之间。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的电池包灭火系统，其中，还包括超压泄气阀，设置于所述喷射主管路。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包灭火系统，其中，还包括软管，两端分别与所述压力平衡阀和所述喷射主管路连接，所述喷射主管路与所述软管的连接端设置有第二密封阀和第二充气芯。
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