WO2022012000A1 - Procédé de soudage hybride double face au laser et à l'arc d'électrode consommable pour toutes positions et dispositif associé - Google Patents

Procédé de soudage hybride double face au laser et à l'arc d'électrode consommable pour toutes positions et dispositif associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022012000A1
WO2022012000A1 PCT/CN2021/070577 CN2021070577W WO2022012000A1 WO 2022012000 A1 WO2022012000 A1 WO 2022012000A1 CN 2021070577 W CN2021070577 W CN 2021070577W WO 2022012000 A1 WO2022012000 A1 WO 2022012000A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
welding
laser
melting electrode
workpiece
double
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PCT/CN2021/070577
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张本顺
廖良闯
李萌萌
孙宏伟
马韬
何家健
沈言
杨哲
花磊
刘超
Original Assignee
中国船舶重工集团公司第七一六研究所
江苏杰瑞科技集团有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2022012000A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022012000A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
    • B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0876—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
    • B23K26/0884—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions in at least in three axial directions, e.g. manipulators, robots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of welding, in particular to an all-position melting electrode arc-laser double-sided composite welding process and equipment thereof.
  • the main advantage of laser welding compared with the traditional arc welding process is that the laser deep penetration welding mode can obtain welds with a large aspect ratio. Therefore, using laser welding to replace the traditional welding methods currently used in pipeline welding (mainly manual arc welding and gas metal arc welding) makes it possible to perform single-pass welding without opening grooves or greatly reduce the number of welding layers, and then in the welding process The speed and welding production efficiency have been greatly improved, and more importantly, the welding deformation can be reduced. At the same time, because the energy density of the welding heat source is concentrated, the line energy is small, and the HAZ is very narrow, which makes the mechanical properties of the welded joint excellent. However, due to the complex process of laser welding, the high cost of equipment, and the high requirements for workpiece assembly accuracy, it is difficult to popularize and apply it on a large scale.
  • the laser-arc hybrid heat source welding technology was first proposed by the British scholar W. Steen in the late 1970s.
  • the adaptability of laser welding to the weld gap enables high-efficiency, high-quality welding processes.
  • laser-arc hybrid welding technology has been successfully used in shipbuilding, automobile, storage container manufacturing and pipeline welding. Improved weld profile under critical fatigue conditions.
  • laser-arc hybrid welding also has some problems: 1) The laser beam must pass through the arc column to reach the surface of the workpiece, and the loss of laser energy is serious when the arc current is large; 2) The electrode is directly exposed to the laser plasma, which is easy to Contaminated and burnt seriously; 3) When the side axis is compounded, the arc and the laser beam form a certain angle, causing the effect area of the compound heat source on the workpiece to be asymmetrically distributed. When the current increases to a certain extent, the effect of the laser and the arc Points produce severe separation.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an all-position melting electrode arc-laser double-sided hybrid welding process and its equipment, which can improve the pipeline welding efficiency, reduce the welding deformation, improve the welding quality and reduce the welding cost.
  • an all-position melting electrode arc-laser double-sided hybrid welding equipment comprising a melting electrode arc welding power source, a wire feeding system, a melting electrode welding gun, a welding gun adjustment mechanism, a fiber laser system, a laser head, Laser adjustment mechanism, the first all-position welding trolley, the second all-position welding trolley, the first guide rail, the second guide rail, the welding seam automatic tracking system and the control system;
  • the fiber laser system is connected with the laser head through an optical fiber;
  • the melting electrode arc welding power source is connected with the melting electrode welding gun through a wire feeding system, and the melting electrode welding gun and the laser head are respectively connected with the welding gun adjustment mechanism and the laser adjustment mechanism.
  • the automatic welding seam tracking system is arranged on the laser adjustment mechanism, and the welding gun adjustment mechanism and the laser adjustment mechanism are respectively arranged on the first all-position welding carriage and the second all-position welding carriage, the first all-position welding carriage and the second all-position welding carriage.
  • the welding trolley moves on the first guide rail and the second guide rail respectively;
  • Symmetrical double-sided welding is performed on both sides of the workpiece by melting electrode arc and fiber laser, laser deep penetration welding is performed on the back of the workpiece by the laser head, and the melting electrode welding gun is used to prime, fill and cover the groove of the workpiece on the front of the workpiece.
  • the position automatic welding trolley and the second all-position welding trolley are driven to complete the all-position welding of the workpiece.
  • the number of the melting electrode welding gun is 1, the laser beam emitted by the laser head and the melting electrode welding gun are on an axis and distributed on both sides of the workpiece; the included angle between the axis and the workpiece is 80°-100°, and the filler wire stretches.
  • the output length is 15-30mm.
  • the number of the melting electrode welding guns is 2, the laser head and the two melting electrode welding guns are distributed on both sides of the workpiece, the melting electrode welding gun on the front performs bottom welding, and the melting electrode welding gun on the rear side performs filling and covering;
  • the beam and the front melting electrode welding gun are on an axis, the angle between the axis and the workpiece is 80°-100°, and the extension length of the filler wire is 15-30mm.
  • the number of the melting electrode welding guns is 2, one of which is a double-wire melting electrode welding gun; the laser head and the two melting electrode welding guns are distributed on both sides of the workpiece, and the The wire melting electrode welding gun is used for filling and covering; the laser beam and the preceding melting electrode welding gun are on an axis, the angle between the axis and the workpiece is 80°-100°, and the extension length of the filler wire is 15-30mm.
  • the all-position welding trolley is composed of a drive motor, a transmission system, a welding torch adjustment fixture and a hand-held operation box; the drive motor is connected to the transmission system to realize the movement of the all-position welding trolley, and the welding torch adjustment fixture is provided on the all-position welding trolley to realize the welding torch angle.
  • the adjustment of the hand-held operation box is used to realize the motion control of the all-position welding trolley.
  • the welding seam automatic tracking system is composed of a laser sensor, a computer image processing and a tracking controller, the laser sensor realizes the measurement of the welding seam, the computer image processing and tracking controller is used for processing the measurement data, and the relevant data is sent back to the control system. system, and then adjust the all-position welding trolley to realize real-time adjustment of the welding process.
  • control system is used to automatically adjust the welding process parameters according to the change of the welding position, and the welding position is divided into blocks by the control system, and different welding process parameters are called in different welding positions.
  • An all-position melting electrode arc-laser double-sided hybrid welding process comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 the part to be welded of the workpiece is processed into a Y-shaped groove, and the prepared double-sided welding groove and the surfaces on both sides thereof are ground and cleaned;
  • Step 2 before welding, fix the workpiece on the welding fixture
  • Step 3 if the number of melting electrode welding guns is one, adjust the positions of the melting electrode welding gun and the laser head, and keep the laser beam and the melting electrode welding gun on the same axis;
  • the laser beam and the two melting electrode welding guns are distributed on both sides of the workpiece, the front melting electrode welding gun is used for bottom welding, and the rear melting electrode welding gun is used for filling. And the cover, the laser beam and the front melting electrode welding gun are on the same axis;
  • the number of melting electrode welding guns is two, and one of them is a double-wire melting electrode welding gun, the laser beam and the two melting electrode welding guns are distributed on both sides of the workpiece, the front melting electrode welding gun is used for bottom welding, and the rear double-wire melting electrode welding gun is used for bottom welding.
  • the welding torch is filled and capped, and the laser beam and the front melting electrode welding torch are on an axis;
  • Step 4 Set the welding process parameters in sections according to the thickness of the workpiece and the welding position
  • Step 5 start the control switch, perform laser and melting electrode arc welding symmetrical double-sided welding, perform laser deep penetration welding on the back of the workpiece to make a primer, fill and cover the groove of the workpiece with the melting electrode welding torch on the front of the workpiece, and track the welding seam
  • the all-position welding of the workpiece is completed under the drive of the system and the all-position automatic welding trolley.
  • step 3 the laser beam and the melting electrode welding torch are on an axis, the included angle between the axis and the workpiece is 80°-100°, and the extension length of the filler wire is 15-30mm.
  • the laser power P is between 1kW-20kW
  • the welding current is between 100A-500A
  • the welding speed is 10cm/min-200cm/min
  • the diameter of the filler wire is between 0.8-2.0mm
  • the wire feeding speed is 1.0-15m/min.
  • the present invention has the following significant advantages:
  • Double-sided symmetrical welding of laser and arc avoids the absorption of laser energy by the arc when the laser and the arc are combined on the same side, and uses the preheating effect of the arc to greatly improve the absorption rate of the workpiece to the laser, making the utilization rate of laser energy. A substantial increase;
  • the "local high temperature gradient area" or the penetrating laser plasma generated by laser heating can also attract the welding arc, so that the welding droplet transitions to the root of the groove smoothly, and the stability of the arc and its droplet transition is improved. It is beneficial to control the welding seam formation and improve the welding quality;
  • the welding process of the system is stable and has strong welding adaptability. It can not only be used for all-position automatic welding of steel pipes, but also for all-position automatic welding of non-ferrous metal pipes. By adjusting the welding parameters, it can weld 3mm-40mm. Thick-walled pipes.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an all-position melting electrode arc-laser double-sided hybrid welding device.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single melting electrode arc-laser double-sided hybrid welding process.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a double-melting electrode arc-laser double-sided hybrid welding process.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a multi-electrode arc-laser double-sided hybrid welding process.
  • the present invention proposes an all-position melting electrode arc-laser double-sided hybrid welding process and its equipment.
  • the welding equipment as shown in Figure 1, consists of a melting electrode arc welding power source 1, a wire feeding system 3, a melting electrode welding gun 4, and a fiber laser system. 16.
  • Optical fiber 14 the first all-position welding carriage 6, the second all-position welding carriage 10, the first guide rail 7, the second guide rail 9, the welding torch adjustment mechanism 5, the laser adjustment mechanism 11, the laser head 12, the welding seam automatic tracking system 13.
  • Control system composition The all-position welding trolley consists of a drive motor, a transmission system, a welding torch adjustment fixture and a hand-held operation box. The drive motor is connected to the transmission system to realize the movement of the all-position welding trolley.
  • the welding torch adjustment fixture is set on the all-position welding trolley to adjust the angle of the welding torch. Hand-held operation The box is used to realize the motion control of the all-position welding trolley.
  • the fiber laser system 16 is connected with the laser head 12 through the optical fiber 14; the melting electrode arc welding power source 1 is connected with the melting electrode welding gun 4 through the wire feeding system 3, and the positions of the melting electrode welding gun 4 and the laser head 12 are respectively connected with the welding gun adjustment mechanism 5, laser
  • the adjustment mechanism 11 is connected, and the welding gun adjustment mechanism 5 and the laser adjustment mechanism 11 are respectively arranged on the first all-position welding trolley 6 and the second all-position welding trolley 10, and the first all-position welding trolley 6 and the second all-position welding trolley 10 moves on guide rails 7 and 9, respectively.
  • the automatic welding seam tracking system 13 is arranged on the laser adjusting mechanism 11, and the automatic welding seam tracking system 13 is composed of a laser sensor, a computer image processing and a tracking controller.
  • the laser sensor realizes the measurement of the welding seam
  • the computer image processing and tracking controller realizes the processing of the measurement data, and the relevant data is sent back to the control system, and then the all-position welding trolley is adjusted to realize the real-time adjustment of the welding process.
  • symmetrical double-sided welding is performed on both sides of the workpiece by using the melting electrode arc and the fiber laser, so that the laser deep penetration welding is performed on the back of the workpiece, and the groove of the workpiece is filled and covered by the melting electrode welding torch on the front of the workpiece.
  • the all-position welding of the workpiece is completed under the drive of the system and the all-position automatic welding trolley system.
  • the use of arc heating can improve the absorption rate of the metal to the laser, increase the stability of the keyhole and the energy utilization rate of the laser in the process of metal laser welding.
  • the "local high temperature gradient area" or the penetrating laser plasma generated by laser heating can also attract the welding arc, so that the welding droplet transitions to the root of the groove smoothly, and the stability of the arc and its droplet transition is improved.
  • the heat accumulation area effect formed by the symmetrical heating of the laser and the arc makes the heat not easily dissipated, which can greatly improve the penetration depth of the laser and arc welding, and realize the efficient and high-quality connection of medium and thick-walled pipes.
  • this embodiment is a single melting electrode arc-laser double-sided hybrid welding implementation
  • the welding equipment consists of a melting electrode arc welding power source 1 and its wire feeding system 3, a melting electrode welding gun 4, a fiber laser system 16,
  • the first all-position welding carriage 6, the second all-position welding carriage 10, the first guide rail 7, the second guide rail 9, the welding torch adjustment mechanism 5, the laser adjustment mechanism 11, the laser head 12, the automatic welding seam tracking system 13, the control system, etc. constitute.
  • Step 1 Process the to-be-welded part of the workpiece 8 into a Y-shaped groove, and grind and clean the prepared double-sided welding groove and the surfaces on both sides thereof;
  • Step 2 Before welding, fix the workpiece 8 on the welding fixture;
  • Step 3 Adjust the positions of the melting electrode welding gun 4 and the laser head 12, keep the laser beam and the melting electrode welding gun 4 on an axis, the angle between the axis and the workpiece 8 is 80°-100°, and the extension length of the filler wire 2 is 15-30mm.
  • Step 4 Set the welding process parameters in sections according to the thickness of the workpiece 8 and the welding position.
  • the laser power P is between 1kW-50kW
  • the welding current I is between 100A-500A
  • the welding speed is 10cm/min-200cm/min
  • the filler wire 2 The diameter is between 0.8-2.0mm
  • the wire feeding speed is 1.0-15m/min.
  • Step 5 Start the control switch to perform laser and melting electrode arc welding symmetrical double-sided welding, so that laser deep penetration welding is performed on the back of the workpiece 8 to make a primer, and the melting electrode welding torch 4 is used on the front of the workpiece 8 to fill and cover the groove of the workpiece.
  • the all-position welding of the workpiece is completed under the drive of the welding seam automatic tracking system 13 and the all-position automatic welding trolley 6/10.
  • this embodiment is an implementation of dual-electrode arc-laser double-sided hybrid welding
  • the welding equipment consists of a melting-electrode arc welding power source 1 and a wire feeding mechanism 3, a front melting electrode welding gun 4, and a rear melting electrode.
  • the automatic tracking system 13, the control system and the like are constituted. Before welding, the workpiece 8 to be welded is cut into a Y-shaped groove, and the laser head 12 and the front melting electrode welding torch 4 are symmetrically placed on the inner and outer sides of the pipeline.
  • the welding method steps of the double-melting electrode arc-laser double-sided hybrid welding device are as follows:
  • Step 1 Process the to-be-welded part of the workpiece 8 into a Y-shaped groove, and grind and clean the prepared double-sided welding groove and the surfaces on both sides thereof;
  • Step 2 Before welding, fix the workpiece 8 on the welding fixture;
  • Step 3 Adjust the position of the laser head 12 and the front melting electrode welding torch 4, keep the laser beam and the front melting electrode welding gun 4 on an axis, and the angle between the axis and the workpiece is 80°-100°, and melt the rear
  • the electrode welding gun 17 is placed at the rear of the front melting electrode welding gun 4, and the extension length of the filler wire is 15-30 mm.
  • Step 4 Set the welding process parameters according to the thickness of the workpiece 8 and the welding position.
  • the laser power P is between 1kW-20kW
  • the welding current I is between 100A-500A
  • the welding speed is 10cm/min-200cm/min
  • the diameter of the filler wire is Between 0.8-2.0mm
  • the wire feeding speed is 1.0-15m/min.
  • Step 5 Start the control switch, ignite the arc and laser for double-sided composite welding, the front melting torch 4 performs bottom welding, the rear melting electrode torch 17 performs filling and covering, and the laser beam is laser on the back of the workpiece 8
  • all-position welding of workpiece 8 is completed under the drive of automatic welding seam tracking system 13 and all-position automatic welding trolley 6/10.
  • the welding parameters are fine-tuned with the change of the welding position through the control system, and the penetration degree and deposition rate of the workpiece 8 are reasonably controlled, so as to ensure the stability of the welding process and the welding quality of all positions.
  • the present embodiment is an implementation of multi-electrode arc-laser double-sided hybrid welding.
  • the welding equipment is composed of a melting-electrode arc welding power source 1 and a wire feeding mechanism 3, a front melting-electrode welding torch 4, and a rear welding device in this embodiment.
  • Double-wire melting electrode welding gun 18, welding gun adjusting mechanism 5, fiber laser system 16, laser head 12, laser adjusting mechanism 11, first all-position welding carriage 6, second all-position welding carriage 10, first guide rail 7, second The guide rail 9, the welding seam automatic tracking system 13, the control system and the like are composed.
  • the welding method steps of the multi-electrode arc-laser double-sided hybrid welding device are as follows:
  • Step 1 Process the to-be-welded part of the workpiece 8 into a Y-shaped groove, and grind and clean the prepared double-sided welding groove and the surfaces on both sides thereof;
  • Step 2 Before welding, fix the workpiece 8 on the welding fixture;
  • Step 3 Adjust the position of the laser head 12 and the front melting electrode welding torch 4, keep the laser beam and the front melting electrode welding gun 4 on an axis, and the included angle between the axis and the workpiece 8 is 80°-100°, and place the rear
  • the double-wire melting electrode welding gun 18 is placed at the rear of the melting electrode welding gun 4, and the extension length of the filler wire is 15-30 mm.
  • Step 4 Set the welding process parameters according to the thickness of the workpiece 8 and the welding position.
  • the laser power P is between 1kW-20kW
  • the welding current I is between 100A-500A
  • the welding speed is 10cm/min-200cm/min
  • the diameter of the filler wire is Between 0.8-2.0mm
  • the wire feeding speed is 1.0-15m/min.
  • Step 5 Start the control switch, ignite the arc and laser for double-sided composite welding, the front melting torch 4 performs bottom welding, the rear double-wire melting electrode welding torch 18 performs filling and covering, and the laser beam is on the back of the workpiece 8 Laser deep penetration welding is carried out, and the all-position welding of the workpiece 8 is completed under the drive of the welding seam automatic tracking system 13 and the all-position automatic welding trolley 6/10.
  • the welding parameters are fine-tuned with the change of the welding position through the control system, and the penetration degree and deposition rate of the workpiece 8 are reasonably controlled, so as to ensure the stability of the welding process and the welding quality of all positions.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

Un dispositif de soudage hybride double face au laser et à l'arc d'électrode consommable pour toutes positions comprend une source d'énergie de soudage à l'arc d'électrode consommable (1), un système d'alimentation en fil (3), un système laser à fibre optique (16), des tracteurs de soudage toutes positions (6, 10), des rails de guidage (7, 9), un mécanisme de réglage de pistolet de soudage (5), un système de suivi automatique de joints soudés (13) et un système de commande. Un soudage symétrique double face est effectué sur les deux côtés d'une pièce à travailler par des arcs d'électrode consommables et un laser à fibre optique. Un procédé de soudage utilisant le dispositif de soudage hybride double face est également divulgué. Selon le dispositif de soudage, grâce à l'effet de chauffage à l'arc, le taux d'absorption laser du métal peut être augmenté, et la stabilité du trou de serrure et le taux d'utilisation d'énergie laser dans un procédé de soudage au laser de métaux sont augmentés ; grâce à l'effet d'une zone d'accumulation de chaleur formée pendant le chauffage symétrique au laser et à l'arc, la chaleur n'est pas perdue, la profondeur de fusion du soudage au laser et à l'arc peut être considérablement accrue, et il est possible d'obtenir un raccordement efficace et de haute qualité de pipelines à parois d'épaisseur moyenne.
PCT/CN2021/070577 2020-07-15 2021-01-07 Procédé de soudage hybride double face au laser et à l'arc d'électrode consommable pour toutes positions et dispositif associé WO2022012000A1 (fr)

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CN202010683201.1 2020-07-15
CN202010683201.1A CN111872563A (zh) 2020-07-15 2020-07-15 一种全位置熔化极电弧-激光双面复合焊接工艺及其设备

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CN115446427A (zh) * 2022-10-19 2022-12-09 中建安装集团有限公司 一种适用于中薄壁结构的双面焊接装置及方法
CN116475578A (zh) * 2023-05-24 2023-07-25 南京斯迪兰德机械科技有限公司 一种新能源汽车电池盒弧焊工艺
CN117428292A (zh) * 2023-11-28 2024-01-23 北京石油化工学院 基于旋转电弧的窄坡口管道自动焊接装置及焊接方法

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