WO2022011934A1 - 一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火系统及其灭火方法 - Google Patents

一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火系统及其灭火方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022011934A1
WO2022011934A1 PCT/CN2020/133285 CN2020133285W WO2022011934A1 WO 2022011934 A1 WO2022011934 A1 WO 2022011934A1 CN 2020133285 W CN2020133285 W CN 2020133285W WO 2022011934 A1 WO2022011934 A1 WO 2022011934A1
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liquid nitrogen
nitrogen
fire extinguishing
pipe gallery
storage tank
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PCT/CN2020/133285
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张国维
郭栋
李华祥
孙一楠
李政
张志伟
闫肃
黄俊斌
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中国矿业大学
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Priority to US18/003,312 priority Critical patent/US20230241431A1/en
Publication of WO2022011934A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022011934A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0221—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires for tunnels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C27/00—Fire-fighting land vehicles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
    • A62C31/05—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing with two or more outlets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
    • A62C35/023—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance the extinguishing material being expelled by compressed gas, taken from storage tanks, or by generating a pressure gas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
    • A62C35/11—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance controlled by a signal from the danger zone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of pipe gallery fire extinguishing, in particular to an integrated pipe gallery mobile liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing system and a fire extinguishing method thereof.
  • the fire-fighting system of domestic urban underground comprehensive pipe gallery mainly adopts dry powder fire-extinguishing system, water spray fire-extinguishing system and fine water-mist fire-extinguishing system, but they all have certain shortcomings.
  • the dry powder fire extinguishing system in the fire extinguishing system used in the existing integrated pipe gallery, the dry powder fire extinguishing system has high requirements on starting current and relatively low reliability, and will also bring secondary disasters.
  • Nitrogen is a new type of inert gas fire extinguishing agent, which has a good effect on extinguishing fires in closed spaces.
  • the existing system mainly uses liquid nitrogen for fire prevention and fire fighting in two ways, namely, injecting liquid nitrogen directly into the protection area through pipelines, or using liquid nitrogen as an auxiliary fire extinguishing agent, and using its cooling capacity to cool the main fire extinguishing agent, together into the fire zone.
  • the method of direct injection of liquid nitrogen is mostly used for mine fire extinguishing.
  • a large amount of liquid nitrogen usually needs to be injected during fire extinguishing.
  • the preset system has no nitrogen storage equipment and nitrogen production equipment, and liquid nitrogen tank trucks need to be temporarily deployed, which cannot guarantee the continuous supply of liquid nitrogen.
  • the demand for liquid nitrogen is large, and the long-distance transportation will lead to a delay in the fire extinguishing time and increase the risk; and when it is used as an auxiliary fire extinguishing agent for cooling, liquid nitrogen usually needs to go through a long period of time before injection.
  • the pipeline to increase the cooling effect of the main fire extinguishing agent, resulting in a large amount of liquid nitrogen gasification, which is basically gaseous when entering the protection zone, the transportation efficiency is reduced, and the cooling capacity is weakened; in addition, when liquid nitrogen is mixed with other fire extinguishing agents, due to the low temperature of liquid nitrogen And the properties of easy gasification and expansion may lead to failure of the main fire extinguishing agent or blockage of the pipeline, poor reliability, and it is difficult to meet the fire protection requirements of the integrated pipe gallery.
  • the traditional supporting fire-fighting equipment is usually set in a fixed way according to the protected area, which cannot be moved in real time, and has problems such as poor flexibility and large space occupation.
  • the invention provides an integrated pipe gallery mobile liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing system with simple structure, which not only realizes the unified execution of nitrogen production, nitrogen storage and nitrogen supply fire extinguishing, ensures sufficient supply of liquid nitrogen and continuous fire extinguishing, but also realizes flexible movement and occupies space Small, and the delivery of liquid nitrogen is stable, and the automatic control of fire extinguishing makes fire extinguishing more efficient.
  • the integrated pipe gallery mobile liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing system includes a nitrogen generating component, a fire extinguishing component, a monitoring device, a nitrogen conveying pipeline and a controller;
  • the fire extinguishing assembly is installed on the mobile platform, and includes a liquid nitrogen storage tank and a liquid nitrogen booster pump; the first liquid outlet on the liquid nitrogen storage tank is connected to the liquid nitrogen booster pump, and the liquid nitrogen booster pump is connected to the liquid nitrogen booster pump.
  • the second liquid outlet is connected with the reserved interface of the nitrogen transmission pipeline, and through it, the liquid nitrogen is transmitted to the branch pipe in the pipe gallery, and the branch pipe is provided with a nitrogen injection port;
  • the nitrogen-generating component is mobile, and the prepared liquid nitrogen is transferred to the liquid nitrogen storage tank;
  • the monitoring device includes a proportional regulating valve, a first monitoring component and a second monitoring component; the proportional regulating valve is located between the liquid nitrogen storage tank and the liquid nitrogen booster pump, the first monitoring component is installed on the liquid nitrogen storage tank, and the second monitoring component is installed on the liquid nitrogen storage tank.
  • the monitoring component is located between the liquid nitrogen booster pump and the nitrogen delivery pipeline;
  • the controller is connected with the first monitoring component, used for pressure display and pressure regulation in the liquid nitrogen storage tank, connected with the second monitoring component, used to control the flow of liquid nitrogen input into the nitrogen pipeline, and connected with the proportional control valve , Used to control the flow of the input liquid nitrogen booster pump, connected with the liquid nitrogen booster pump, used to control the output pressure, connected with the nitrogen generator assembly, used to control its opening and closing and liquid nitrogen conversion efficiency.
  • the first monitoring device includes a pressure gauge, a pressure regulating valve, an air outlet device and a pressure relief valve all installed on the liquid nitrogen storage tank.
  • the second monitoring component includes a flow meter and a safety valve, and the flow meter and the safety valve are connected in sequence.
  • the nitrogen-generating assembly includes an air compressor, a nitrogen-generating machine and a refrigeration liquefaction machine, all of which are arranged on the mobile vehicle;
  • One side of the air compressor is provided with an air inlet, the output end is connected to the nitrogen generator and the refrigeration liquefaction machine in sequence, and the output end of the refrigeration liquefaction machine is connected to the liquid nitrogen storage tank.
  • branch pipes have three layers and are respectively arranged at the top, middle and bottom of the pipe gallery.
  • the nitrogen injection port on each branch pipe is provided with a sensing element, and the sensing element is connected with the general control of the pipe gallery.
  • the master control transmits the alarm and positioning information to the controller.
  • the nitrogen generating assembly and the liquid nitrogen storage tank, between the liquid nitrogen storage tank and the liquid nitrogen booster pump, and between the safety valve and the nitrogen delivery pipeline are all connected by low-temperature and high-pressure metal hoses.
  • an air outlet is provided on the liquid nitrogen booster pump.
  • a comprehensive pipe gallery mobile liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing method specifically includes the following steps:
  • the controller can control the nitrogen-generating component and the fire-extinguishing component to move to the target location, and connect the nitrogen-generating component and the fire-extinguishing component, the fire-extinguishing component and the reserved interface of the nitrogen conveying pipeline to each other through metal hoses;
  • the controller starts the liquid nitrogen booster pump.
  • the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank first adjusts the input flow through the proportional control valve, and then adjusts the output pressure through the liquid nitrogen booster pump, so that the liquid nitrogen enters the input flow through the flowmeter and the safety valve in turn.
  • the pressure gauge on the liquid nitrogen storage tank monitors the pressure in the tank in real time, and divides the pressure from small to large into the filling area, the working area and the dangerous area.
  • the controller starts the nitrogen generator component, so that the air compressor extracts the surrounding air from the top air inlet to filter, compress, and transport it to the nitrogen generator for processing.
  • the nitrogen storage tank is replenished with liquid nitrogen; when in the working area, the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing in the pipe gallery is carried out normally; when in the dangerous area, the pressure relief valve is automatically opened to discharge the nitrogen gas formed by the heating of the liquid nitrogen to restore the pressure to work Area;
  • the controller controls liquid nitrogen preparation, liquid nitrogen storage and liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing to be carried out automatically at the same time.
  • the controller controls the nitrogen generating components, so that the liquid nitrogen supplemented in the liquid nitrogen storage tank will stop when the liquid nitrogen reaches the working area. The work of the nitrogen generator assembly.
  • step (a) the injection amount of liquid nitrogen from the nitrogen injection port is calculated according to the following formula:
  • the mobile liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing system of the integrated pipe gallery has the following advantages:
  • the present invention prepares liquid nitrogen through an air compressor, a nitrogen generator, and a refrigerating liquefaction machine due to the arrangement of a nitrogen generator assembly and a fire extinguishing assembly, and stores it in the liquid nitrogen storage tank.
  • the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank is Nitrogen enters the nitrogen transmission pipeline and branch pipe through the liquid nitrogen booster pump to extinguish the fire in the integrated pipe gallery. Therefore, the unified preparation of liquid nitrogen, storage of liquid nitrogen and fire extinguishing of liquid nitrogen is realized, which ensures the continuous supply of liquid nitrogen and avoids the occurrence of fire. unable to put out the fire in time;
  • the pressure gauge on the liquid nitrogen storage tank monitors the pressure in the tank in real time, and the controller controls the matching work of the nitrogen generating component and the fire extinguishing component to ensure nitrogen generation, nitrogen storage and fire extinguishing.
  • automatic fire extinguishing is realized, and sensor elements for sensing fire are set up, and the geographical location of the fire accident pipe gallery section is transmitted to the controller through the general control of the pipe gallery, and the controller controls the movement of the nitrogen generator and fire extinguishing components.
  • the input liquid nitrogen amount is monitored by the flow meter and the safety valve to ensure safety, and a proportional control valve is provided between the liquid nitrogen storage tank and the liquid nitrogen booster pump, so the proportional The regulating valve controls the flow of liquid nitrogen, and the controller outputs a control signal to adjust the output pressure of the liquid nitrogen booster pump, so that the liquid nitrogen pressure is increased and maintained stable, ensuring the efficient and continuous delivery of liquid nitrogen as required, and improving the efficiency of fire extinguishing;
  • the liquid nitrogen storage tank is provided with an air outlet device and the liquid nitrogen booster pump is provided with an air outlet
  • the nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank can be discharged from the air outlet device, so as to realize the separation of liquid nitrogen and nitrogen, and ensure the liquid nitrogen.
  • Nitrogen transmission efficiency; and the heated and vaporized nitrogen in the pipeline can be discharged through the air outlet of the liquid nitrogen booster pump, or the nitrogen can be transferred from the air outlet to the nitrogen pipeline to meet the needs of use in different situations;
  • the calculation formula is used to quantitatively inject liquid nitrogen to achieve targeted fire extinguishing, avoid excessive injection of liquid nitrogen, and save resources.
  • Fig. 1 is the overall front view of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the sectional view of the branch pipe in the pipe gallery of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the control principle diagram of the present invention.
  • this integrated pipe gallery mobile liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing system includes a nitrogen generating component, a fire extinguishing component, a monitoring device, a nitrogen transport pipeline 7 and a controller 5;
  • the fire extinguishing assembly is installed on the mobile platform, including a liquid nitrogen storage tank 3 and a liquid nitrogen booster pump 4; the first liquid outlet 34 on the liquid nitrogen storage tank 3 is connected to the liquid nitrogen booster pump 4, and the liquid nitrogen
  • the second liquid outlet 22 on the booster pump 4 is connected to the reserved interface of the nitrogen delivery pipeline 7, and through it, the liquid nitrogen is transmitted to the branch pipe 73 in the pipe gallery, and the branch pipe 73 is provided with a nitrogen injection port 71;
  • the nitrogen making assembly is mobile, and the prepared liquid nitrogen is transferred to the liquid nitrogen storage tank 3;
  • the monitoring device includes a proportional control valve 21, a first monitoring component and a second monitoring component; the proportional control valve 21 is located between the liquid nitrogen storage tank 3 and the liquid nitrogen booster pump 4, and the first monitoring component is installed in the liquid nitrogen storage tank. 3, the second monitoring component is located between the liquid nitrogen booster pump 4 and the nitrogen delivery pipeline 7;
  • the controller 5 is connected with the first monitoring component, used for pressure display and pressure regulation in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 3, connected with the second monitoring component, used for controlling the liquid nitrogen flow of the input nitrogen pipeline 7, and proportional to the
  • the regulating valve 21 is connected to control the flow rate of the input liquid nitrogen booster pump 4, connected to the liquid nitrogen booster pump 4, used to control the output pressure, and connected to the nitrogen making component, used to control its opening and closing and liquid nitrogen conversion efficiency ;
  • first monitoring device comprises pressure gauge 32, pressure regulating valve 31, air outlet device 33 and pressure relief valve 35 that are all installed on liquid nitrogen storage tank 3;
  • the pressure gauge 32 can be divided into a working area, a filling area and a dangerous area according to the pressure, which is convenient for identification.
  • the liquid nitrogen storage tank 3 is divided into an inner tank, a thermal insulation layer and an outer tank from the inside to the outside. Nitrogen is stored and insulated to avoid its gasification into nitrogen and affect fire extinguishing;
  • the second monitoring component includes a flow meter 23 and a safety valve 24, and a proportional control valve 21 connected to the controller 5 is provided between the liquid nitrogen storage tank 3 and the liquid nitrogen booster pump 4;
  • the nitrogen generator assembly includes an air compressor 12, a nitrogen generator 13 and a refrigeration liquefaction generator 14, all of which are arranged on the mobile vehicle 11;
  • the air compressor 12 is provided with an air inlet 15 on one side, and the output end is connected to the nitrogen generator 13 and the refrigeration liquefaction machine 14 in sequence, and the output end of the refrigeration liquefaction machine 14 is connected to the liquid nitrogen storage tank 3;
  • branch pipes 73 have three layers and are respectively arranged at the top, middle and bottom of the pipe gallery.
  • the nitrogen injection port 71 on each branch pipe 73 is provided with a sensing element 72.
  • the sensing element 72 is connected to the pipe gallery.
  • the control 6 is connected, and the general control 6 of the pipe gallery transmits the alarm and positioning information to the controller 5;
  • liquid nitrogen booster pump 4 is provided with an air outlet 41;
  • the fire extinguishing component When the integrated pipe gallery mobile liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing system is in use, the fire extinguishing component is in a closed state under normal conditions, that is, the liquid nitrogen storage tank 3 contains liquid nitrogen.
  • the pressure gauge 32 monitors the pressure in the tank in real time. When the pressure reaches the set danger zone, the pressure relief valve 35 automatically opens to discharge the nitrogen gasified by liquid nitrogen, so that the pressure is restored to the working area, and the generated nitrogen can be discharged from the gas outlet device 33.
  • the output separates the liquid nitrogen from the nitrogen to ensure the efficient transmission of the liquid nitrogen; when the pressure drops to the filling area, the controller 5 is controlled manually or through a linkage signal, and a control signal is sent to make the nitrogen making components start to work.
  • the controller 5 can use PLC Control, including GPS and network module, can remotely receive the information transmitted by each component and display it in real time;
  • the air compressor 12 extracts the surrounding air from the top air inlet 15 for filtering and compression, and sends it to the nitrogen generator 13 for processing.
  • the nitrogen produced is made into liquid nitrogen through the refrigeration liquefaction machine 14, and is sent to the liquid nitrogen through the low temperature and high pressure metal hose 16.
  • the nitrogen storage tank 3 is replenished with liquid nitrogen; when the pressure returns to the normal range, the nitrogen-generating components are automatically turned off manually or through the feedback signal, the liquid nitrogen preparation stops, and the system is in a standby state, thus realizing the preparation, replenishment and storage of liquid nitrogen, Avoid being unable to put out fire in time in the event of a fire, and since both the nitrogen generator and fire extinguishing components are mobile structures, the fire extinguishing components can be moved to the target pipe gallery in advance;
  • One end of the nitrogen transmission pipeline 7 is connected to the branch pipe 73 in the pipe gallery, and the other end is a reserved interface for fixed installation.
  • the reserved interface is convenient for the plugging and docking of the fire extinguishing components, and an automatic valve connected to the controller is provided at the reserved interface.
  • the low temperature and high pressure metal hose 16 on the side of the safety valve 24 on the fire extinguishing assembly is directly connected to the reserved interface, and the automatic valve is opened to realize the introduction of liquid nitrogen, so as to ensure the reliability of the docking, and more Flexible; and between the nitrogen-generating component and the fire-extinguishing component, the liquid nitrogen storage tank 3 and the liquid nitrogen booster pump 4 are also connected by a low-temperature and high-pressure metal hose 16, so that they can be quickly connected to each other and disassembled. convenient;
  • the sensor element 72 When a fire occurs in the integrated pipe gallery cabin, since the sensor element 72 is provided at the nitrogen injection port 71, the sensor element 72 senses the fire position, and feeds back the signal to the pipe gallery master control 6, through which the fire accident pipe gallery section is determined. Geographic location, and send alarm and positioning information to the controller 5.
  • the controller 5 can control the movement of the nitrogen-generating components and the fire-extinguishing components to move them to the target location. Automatically close the exhaust fans and ventilation systems in the section to prevent the spread of fire, and confirm that the fire doors at both ends are closed to form a closed space, and can also display the fire situation in the pipe gallery;
  • the controller 5 can automatically control the corresponding working parameters in the nitrogen generator assembly, such as the opening and closing of each device, the inlet and outlet air flow and pressure of the air compressor 12, the output flow pressure and efficiency of the nitrogen generator 13, and the refrigeration liquefaction machine 14. Also, the controller 5 can automatically control the opening and closing state of the proportional control valve 21, the output pressure of the liquid nitrogen booster pump 4, and the numerical display and storage of the flow meter;
  • an air outlet 41 is provided on the liquid nitrogen booster pump 4, and the heated and vaporized nitrogen gas in the pipeline is discharged through the air outlet 41 of the liquid nitrogen booster pump 4, so that the fire extinguishing effect is better and more efficient, or the liquid nitrogen is pressurized
  • the pump 4 can selectively transfer liquid nitrogen from the second liquid outlet 22 to the nitrogen delivery pipeline 7, or transfer nitrogen gas from the gas outlet 41 to the nitrogen delivery pipeline 7, so as to meet the use requirements in different situations; After the nitrogen passes through the flow meter 23 and the safety valve 24, it enters the pre-laid nitrogen transport pipeline 7 of the integrated pipe gallery, and finally is released through the top nitrogen injection port 71, the middle nitrogen injection port 71 and the bottom nitrogen injection port 71 on each branch pipe 73. , to achieve rapid fire extinguishing; therefore, a second monitoring component is set to monitor the flow of liquid nitrogen through the flow meter 23 and ensure the safety of the pipeline;
  • the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 3 is continuously consumed, and the pressure gauge 32 indicates that the pressure gradually decreases to the filling area and sends out a feedback signal. Transfer to liquid nitrogen storage tank 3 to restore the pressure and keep it in the working area.
  • the nitrogen-generating component automatically adjusts the working state of each device according to the control signal output by the controller 5, controls the air intake flow and the liquid nitrogen output flow and pressure, etc., to ensure the continuous supply of liquid nitrogen, so it can achieve fire extinguishing at the same time. Real-time preparation and replenishment of liquid nitrogen;
  • the actual amount of liquid nitrogen injected into the pipe gallery cabin is determined by the flow meter 23, and the target injection amount corresponding to the combustibles obtained by the calculation formula is reasonably controlled to avoid excessive injection of liquid nitrogen.
  • the injection amount is calculated according to the following formula:

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Abstract

一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火系统，包括制氮组件、灭火组件、监测装置和输氮管路；移动式的灭火组件包括液氮储罐（3）和液氮增压泵（4），液氮储罐与液氮增压泵连接，液氮增压泵通过输氮管路（7）将液氮传输至管廊内的支管（73）上，支管上设有注氮口（71）；制氮组件为移动式，并将制备的液氮传输至液氮储罐；监测装置包括第一监测组件和第二监测组件；控制器（5）通过第一监测组件对液氮储罐内的压力自动调节、自动补充液氮；控制器通过第二监测组件对通入输氮管路的液氮流量监测。该灭火系统不仅实现制氮、储氮、供氮灭火的统一进行，保障液氮的充足供给和持续灭火，而且实现灵活移动，占用空间小，并且液氮的传送稳定，灭火效率更高。

Description

一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火系统及其灭火方法 技术领域
本发明涉及管廊灭火领域，具体涉及一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火系统及其灭火方法。
背景技术
国内城市地下综合管廊的防灭火系统主要采用干粉灭火系统、水喷雾灭火系统和细水雾灭火系统，但都存在一定的不足。比如现有综合管廊采用的灭火系统中，干粉灭火系统对启动电流要求较高、可靠性相对较低，还会带来次生灾害，并且由于地下舱室内部潮湿，干粉喷出的瞬间容易由于水汽的影响凝结，导致灭火效果较差；而细水雾及水喷雾灭火系统因其初期投资较高，需要配置大量的消防给水管道，且有障碍物时水雾无法快速、均匀地分布于整个保护空间内，存在灭火死角；
氮气是一种新型惰性气体灭火剂，对于扑灭封闭空间火灾有较好的效果。而现有的系统主要通过两种途径将液氮用于防灭火，分别为将液氮通过管路直接注入防护区，或将液氮作为辅助灭火剂，利用其冷却能力冷却主灭火剂后，一并注入火区。
将液氮直注的方式多用于矿井灭火，防灭火时通常需要灌注大量液氮，而预设系统无储氮设备和制氮设备，需要临时调配液氮槽罐车，无法保证液氮的持续供应，若灭火行动持续时间较长，液氮需求量较大，长距离运输会导致灭火时间延后，危险增加；而当作为辅助灭火剂用于冷却时，注入前液氮通常需要经过较长的管路来增加主灭火剂的冷却效果，导致液氮大量气化，进入防护区时基本呈气态，输送效率降低，冷却能力减弱；此外将液氮与其他灭火剂混合使用时，由于液氮低温及易气化膨胀的性质，可能导致主灭火剂失效或管路堵塞，可靠性差，难以满足综合管廊的防灭火要求。另外传统配套灭火设备通常根据保护区设置为 固定方式，无法进行实时移动，存在灵活性较差、占用空间大等问题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火系统，结构简单，不仅实现制氮、储氮、供氮灭火的统一进行，保障液氮的充足供给和持续灭火，而且实现灵活移动，占用空间小，并且液氮的传送稳定，自动控制灭火使得灭火效率更高。
为实现上述目的，本一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火系统包括制氮组件、灭火组件、监测装置、输氮管路和控制器；
所述灭火组件安装在移动平台上，包括液氮储罐和液氮增压泵；所述液氮储罐上的第一出液口与液氮增压泵连接，液氮增压泵上的第二出液口与输氮管路的预留接口连接，并通过其将液氮传输至管廊内的支管上，支管上设有注氮口；
所述制氮组件为移动式，并将制备的液氮传输至液氮储罐中；
所述监测装置包括比例调节阀、第一监测组件和第二监测组件；比例调节阀位于液氮储罐与液氮增压泵之间，第一监测组件安装在液氮储罐上，第二监测组件位于液氮增压泵和输氮管路之间；
所述控制器与第一监测组件连接、用于液氮储罐内的压力显示和压力调节，与第二监测组件连接、用于控制输入输氮管路的液氮流量，与比例调节阀连接、用于控制输入液氮增压泵的流量，与液氮增压泵连接、用于控制输出压力，与制氮组件连接，用于控制其启闭和液氮转化效率。
进一步的，所述第一监测装置包括均安装在液氮储罐上的压力表、压力调节阀、出气装置和泄压阀。
进一步的，所述第二监测组件包括流量计和安全阀，所述流量计和安全阀依次连接。
进一步的，所述制氮组件包括均设置在移动车的空气压缩机、制氮机和制冷液化机；
所述空气压缩机一侧设有进气口、输出端依次与制氮机、制冷液化机连接， 制冷液化机的输出端与液氮储罐连接。
进一步的，所述支管为三层并分别设置在管廊内的顶部、中部和底部，每个支管上的注氮口处设有传感元件，传感元件与管廊总控连接，管廊总控将报警及定位信息传递至控制器。
进一步的，所述制氮组件与液氮储罐之间、液氮储罐与液氮增压泵之间、安全阀与输氮管路之间均通过低温高压的金属软管连接。
进一步的，所述液氮增压泵上设有出气口。
一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火方法，具体包括以下步骤：
(a)当综合管廊舱室内出现火灾时，注氮口处的传感元件感知火灾位置，反馈信号至管廊总控，管廊总控控制关闭管廊内相应设施，并向控制器发送报警及定位信息，控制器可控制制氮组件和灭火组件移动至目标地点，并通过金属软管将制氮组件与灭火组件、灭火组件与输氮管路的预留接口相互连接；
控制器启动液氮增压泵，液氮储罐内的液氮先经过比例调节阀调节输入流量，并通过液氮增压泵调节输出压力后，使液氮依次经过流量计、安全阀进入输氮管路、支管内，并从支管上的注氮口排出进行管廊内液氮灭火；
(b)液氮储罐上的压力表对罐内的压力实时监测，并将压力从小至大划分为充装区、工作区和危险区，当液氮储罐内的压力处于充装区时，控制器启动制氮组件，使得空气压缩机从顶部进气口抽取周围空气过滤、压缩，输送至制氮机中处理，产生的氮气经过制冷液化机制成液氮，并通过金属软管向液氮储罐中补充液氮；当处于工作区时，正常进行管廊内液氮灭火；当处于危险区时，泄压阀自动打开，将液氮受热气化成的氮气排出，使压力恢复至工作区；
(c)控制器控制液氮制备、液氮储存和液氮灭火的自动同时进行，当灭火完成后，控制器控制制氮组件，使得液氮储罐内补充的液氮达到工作区时再停止制氮组件的工作。
进一步的，步骤(a)中，液氮从注氮口中注入量根据下式计算：
Figure PCTCN2020133285-appb-000001
式中：m为注入液氮的质量，kg；x为灭火目标氧含量，％；V为防护区的体积，m 3；ρ LN为液氮的密度；α为液氮气化时的膨胀体积比，25℃时为717；
Figure PCTCN2020133285-appb-000002
为大气中氧气的体积分数，取21％。
与现有技术相比，本一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火系统具有以下优点：
1)本发明由于设置制氮组件和灭火组件，通过空气压缩机、制氮机、制冷液化机制备液氮，并向液氮储罐内储存，当进行灭火时，液氮储罐内的液氮通过液氮增压泵进入输氮管路、支管中对综合管廊进行灭火，因此实现液氮制备、液氮储存和液氮灭火的统一进行，保证液氮的持续供应，避免发生火灾时无法及时灭火；
2)本发明由于设置第一监测组件，液氮储罐上的压力表实时对罐内的压力监测，通过控制器控制制氮组件和灭火组件的匹配工作，保障制氮、储氮和灭火的同时进行，实现自动灭火，并且设置感知火灾的传感元件，通过管廊总控将火灾事故管廊段的地理位置传送至控制器，控制器控制制氮组件和灭火组件的移动，因此不仅实现灭火的高效自动进行、可靠性高，而且灵活方便，占用空间小，更加高效；
3)本发明由于设置第二监测组件，通过流量计和安全阀对输入液氮量监测、保障安全，并在液氮储罐和液氮增压泵之间设有比例调节阀，因此通过比例调节阀控制液氮流量，控制器输出控制信号调节液氮增压泵的输出压力，使液氮压力提高并维持稳定，保障液氮根据需要高效、持续输送，提高灭火效率；
4)本发明由于在液氮储罐上设有出气装置、液氮增压泵上设有出气口，液氮储罐内的氮气可从出气装置排出，实现液氮与氮气的分离，保障液氮传输效率；并且管路中已受热气化的氮气可通过液氮增压泵的出气口排出，或者将氮气从出气口传送至输氮管路内，满足不同情况下的使用需求；另外根据计算公式定量注入液氮，实现针对性灭火，避免注入过量液氮，更加节省资源。
附图说明
图1是本发明的整体主视图；
图2是本发明的管廊内支管截面图；
图3是本发明的控制原理图；
图中：11、移动车，12、空气压缩机，13、制氮机，14、制冷液化机，15、进气口，16、金属软管，21、比例调节阀，22、第二出液口，23、流量计，24、安全阀，3、液氮储罐，31、压力调节阀，32、压力表，33、出气装置，34、第一出液口，35、泄压阀，4、液氮增压泵，41、出气口，5、控制器，6、管廊总控，7、输氮管路，71、注氮口，72、传感元件，73、支管。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1、图2、图3所示，本一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火系统包括制氮组件、灭火组件、监测装置、输氮管路7和控制器5；
所述灭火组件安装在移动平台上，包括液氮储罐3和液氮增压泵4；所述液氮储罐3上的第一出液口34与液氮增压泵4连接，液氮增压泵4上的第二出液口22与输氮管路7的预留接口连接，并通过其将液氮传输至管廊内的支管73上，支管73上设有注氮口71；
所述制氮组件为移动式，并将制备的液氮传输至液氮储罐3中；
所述监测装置包括比例调节阀21、第一监测组件和第二监测组件；比例调节阀21位于液氮储罐3与液氮增压泵4之间，第一监测组件安装在液氮储罐3上，第二监测组件位于液氮增压泵4和输氮管路7之间；
所述控制器5与第一监测组件连接、用于液氮储罐3内的压力显示和压力调节，与第二监测组件连接、用于控制输入输氮管路7的液氮流量，与比例调节阀21连接、用于控制输入液氮增压泵4的流量，与液氮增压泵4连接、用于控制输出压力，与制氮组件连接，用于控制其启闭和液氮转化效率；
进一步的，所述第一监测装置包括均安装在液氮储罐3上的压力表32、压 力调节阀31、出气装置33和泄压阀35；
所述压力表32上可根据压力大小分为工作区、充装区和危险区，方便进行识别，液氮储罐3从内到外分为内罐、绝热层和外罐，因此有效对液氮进行储存和绝热，避免其气化成氮气影响灭火；
进一步的，所述第二监测组件包括流量计23和安全阀24，所述液氮储罐3与液氮增压泵4之间设有与控制器5连接的比例调节阀21；
进一步的，所述制氮组件与液氮储罐3之间、液氮储罐3与液氮增压泵4之间、安全阀24与输氮管路7之间均通过低温高压的金属软管16连接；
进一步的，所述制氮组件包括均设置在移动车11的空气压缩机12、制氮机13和制冷液化机14；
所述空气压缩机12一侧设有进气口15、输出端依次与制氮机13、制冷液化机14连接，制冷液化机14的输出端与液氮储罐3连接；
进一步的，所述支管73为三层并分别设置在管廊内的顶部、中部和底部，每个支管73上的注氮口71处设有传感元件72，传感元件72与管廊总控6连接，管廊总控6将报警及定位信息传递至控制器5；
进一步的，所述液氮增压泵4上设有出气口41；
本一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火系统在使用时，正常状态下灭火组件处于关闭状态，即液氮储罐3内存有液氮，由于设置第一监测组件，液氮储罐3上的压力表32实时对罐内的压力监测，当压力达到设定的危险区时，泄压阀35自动打开排出液氮气化的氮气，使得压力恢复至工作区，产生的氮气可从出气装置33中输出使得液氮与氮气分离，保障液氮的效率传送；当压力降至充装区时，手动或者通过联动信号控制控制器5，发出控制信号使得制氮组件开始工作，控制器5可采用PLC控制，内含GPS及网络模块，可远程接收各组件传输的信息并实时显示；
空气压缩机12从顶部进气口15抽取周围空气过滤、压缩，输送至制氮机13中处理，产生的氮气经过制冷液化机14制成液氮，并通过低温高压的金属软 管16向液氮储罐3中补充液氮；当压力恢复到正常区间后，手动或通过反馈信号自动关闭制氮组件，液氮停止制备，系统处于待运作状态，因此实现液氮的制备、补充和储存，避免发生火灾时无法及时进行灭火，并且由于制氮组件和灭火组件均为移动式结构，可事先将灭火组件移动至目标管廊处；
输氮管路7一端与管廊内支管73连接、另一端为固定安装的预留接口，预留接口方便灭火组件进行插装对接，并且在预留接口处设有与控制器连接的自动阀门，当进行连接时，灭火组件上处于安全阀24一侧的低温高压的金属软管16直接与预留接口连接，并打开自动阀门实现液氮的通入，因此实现保障对接的可靠性，更加灵活；并且制氮组件和灭火组件之间、液氮储罐3与液氮增压泵4之间也通过低温高压的金属软管16连接，因此实现其相互之间的快速对接，并且拆装方便；
当综合管廊舱室内出现火灾时，由于在注氮口71处设有传感元件72，传感元件72感知火灾位置，反馈信号至管廊总控6，通过其确定火灾事故管廊段的地理位置，并向控制器5发送报警及定位信息，控制器5可控制制氮组件和灭火组件移动，使其移动至目标地点，同时管廊总控6发出控制信号至管廊内各单元，自动关闭区段内排风机及通风系统等装置防止火势蔓延，并确认关闭两端防火门形成封闭空间，还可以显示管廊内的火灾情况；
手动或通过控制器5启动移动式的灭火组件，通过压力调节阀31调节出液压力，液氮从第一出液口34进入液氮增压泵4，由于在液氮储罐3和液氮增压泵4之间设有比例调节阀21，通过电动的比例调节阀21控制液氮流量，控制器5输出控制信号调节液氮增压泵4的输出压力，使液氮压力提高并维持稳定，保障输送和灭火；
控制器5可对制氮组件中相应的工作参数进行自动控制，比如各个装置的启闭、空气压缩机12的进出气流量及压力、制氮机13的输出流量压力和效率、制冷液化机14的制冷液化效率；同样控制器5可对比例调节阀21的开闭状态、液氮增压泵4的输出压力、流量计的数值显示和储存等进行自动控制；
另外在液氮增压泵4上设有出气口41，管路中已受热气化的氮气通过液氮增压泵4的出气口41排出，使得灭火效果更好更高效，或者液氮增压泵4可选 择性的将液氮从第二出液口22传送至输氮管路7内，或者将氮气从出气口41传送至输氮管路7内，满足不同情况下的使用需求；液氮经过流量计23及安全阀24后，进入预先敷设的综合管廊输氮管路7内，最终通过各个支管73上顶部注氮口71、中部注氮口71及底部注氮口71进行释放，实现快速灭火；因此设置第二监测组件，通过流量计23实现对液氮流量的监测，并保障管路的安全；
当灭火作业时液氮储罐3中的液氮不断消耗，压力表32指示压力逐渐降低到充装区并发出反馈信号，控制器5接收反馈信号后启动制氮组件开始实时制备液氮，并输送至液氮储罐3中，使压力恢复并保持在工作区。灭火作业期间，制氮组件根据控制器5输出的控制信号，自动调整各装置工作状态，控制空气进气流量及液氮输出流量及压力等，保证液氮的持续供给，因此实现在灭火的同时实时制备、补充液氮；
灭火过程中通过流量计23确定实际注入管廊舱室内的液氮量，根据计算公式得出的对应可燃物的目标注入量进行合理控制，避免注入过量液氮，注入量根据下式计算：
Figure PCTCN2020133285-appb-000003
式中：m为注入液氮的质量，kg；x为灭火目标氧含量，％；V为防护区的体积，m 3；ρ LN为液氮的密度；α为液氮气化时的膨胀体积比，25℃时为717；
Figure PCTCN2020133285-appb-000004
为大气中氧气的体积分数，取21％。
最终通过液氮的注入量及注氮口71处传感元件72的反馈信号确认是否灭火，当灭火后通过控制器5关闭灭火组件，并且制氮组件继续向液氮储罐3中补充液氮。直到压力表32指示压力再次处于工作区时，控制器5发出控制信号联动关闭制氮组件，整个灭火系统停止运行。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火系统，其特征在于，包括制氮组件、灭火组件、监测装置、输氮管路(7)和控制器(5)；
    所述灭火组件安装在移动平台上，包括液氮储罐(3)和液氮增压泵(4)；所述液氮储罐(3)上的第一出液口(34)与液氮增压泵(4)连接，液氮增压泵(4)上的第二出液口(22)与输氮管路(7)的预留接口连接，并通过其将液氮传输至管廊内的支管(73)上，支管(73)上设有注氮口(71)；
    所述制氮组件为移动式，并将制备的液氮传输至液氮储罐(3)中；
    所述监测装置包括比例调节阀(21)、第一监测组件和第二监测组件；比例调节阀(21)位于液氮储罐(3)与液氮增压泵(4)之间，第一监测组件安装在液氮储罐(3)上，第二监测组件位于液氮增压泵(4)和输氮管路(7)之间；
    所述控制器(5)与第一监测组件连接、用于液氮储罐(3)内的压力显示和压力调节，与第二监测组件连接、用于控制输入输氮管路(7)的液氮流量，与比例调节阀(21)连接、用于控制输入液氮增压泵(4)的流量，与液氮增压泵(4)连接、用于控制输出压力，与制氮组件连接，用于控制其启闭和液氮转化效率。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火系统，其特征在于，所述第一监测装置包括均安装在液氮储罐(3)上的压力表(32)、压力调节阀(31)、出气装置(33)和泄压阀(35)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火系统，其特征在于，所述第二监测组件包括流量计(23)和安全阀(24)，所述流量计(23)和安全阀(24)依次连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火系统，其特征在于，所述制氮组件包括均设置在移动车(11)的空气压缩机(12)、制氮机(13)和制冷液化机(14)；
    所述空气压缩机(12)一侧设有进气口(15)、输出端依次与制氮机(13)、 制冷液化机(14)连接，制冷液化机(14)的输出端与液氮储罐(3)连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火系统，其特征在于，所述支管(73)为三层并分别设置在管廊内的顶部、中部和底部，每个支管(73)上的注氮口(71)处设有传感元件(72)，传感元件(72)与管廊总控(6)连接，管廊总控(6)将报警及定位信息传递至控制器(5)。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火系统，其特征在于，所述制氮组件与液氮储罐(3)之间、液氮储罐(3)与液氮增压泵(4)之间、安全阀(24)与输氮管路(7)之间均通过低温高压的金属软管(16)连接。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火系统，其特征在于，所述液氮增压泵(4)上设有出气口(41)。
  8. 一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火方法，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：
    (a)当综合管廊舱室内出现火灾时，注氮口(71)处的传感元件(72)感知火灾位置，反馈信号至管廊总控(6)，管廊总控(6)控制关闭管廊内相应设施，并向控制器(5)发送报警及定位信息，控制器(5)可控制制氮组件和灭火组件移动至目标地点，并通过金属软管(16)将制氮组件与灭火组件、灭火组件与输氮管路(7)的预留接口相互连接；
    控制器(5)启动液氮增压泵(4)，液氮储罐(3)内的液氮先经过比例调节阀(21)调节输入流量，并通过液氮增压泵(4)调节输出压力后，使液氮依次经过流量计(23)、安全阀(24)进入输氮管路(7)、支管(73)内，并从支管(73)上的注氮口(71)排出进行管廊内液氮灭火；
    (b)液氮储罐(3)上的压力表(32)对罐内的压力实时监测，并将压力从小至大划分为充装区、工作区和危险区，当液氮储罐(3)内的压力处于充装区时，控制器(5)启动制氮组件，使得空气压缩机(12)从顶部进气口(15)抽取周围空气过滤、压缩，输送至制氮机(13)中处理，产生的氮气经过制冷液化机(14)制成液氮，并通过金属软管(16)向液氮储罐(3)中补充液氮；当处于工作区时，正常进行管廊内液氮灭火；当处于危险区时，泄压阀(35)自动打开，将液氮受热气化成的氮气排出，使压力恢复至工作区；
    (c)控制器(5)控制液氮制备、液氮储存和液氮灭火的自动同时进行，当灭火完成后，控制器(5)控制制氮组件，使得液氮储罐(3)内补充的液氮达到工作区时再停止制氮组件的工作。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火方法，其特征在于，步骤(a)中，液氮从注氮口(71)中注入量根据下式计算：
    Figure PCTCN2020133285-appb-100001
    式中：m为注入液氮的质量，kg；x为灭火目标氧含量，％；V为防护区的体积，m 3；ρ LN为液氮的密度；α为液氮气化时的膨胀体积比，25℃时为717；
    Figure PCTCN2020133285-appb-100002
    为大气中氧气的体积分数，取21％。
PCT/CN2020/133285 2020-07-16 2020-12-02 一种综合管廊移动式液氮灭火系统及其灭火方法 WO2022011934A1 (zh)

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