WO2022007187A1 - 一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电方法及系统 Download PDF

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WO2022007187A1
WO2022007187A1 PCT/CN2020/115083 CN2020115083W WO2022007187A1 WO 2022007187 A1 WO2022007187 A1 WO 2022007187A1 CN 2020115083 W CN2020115083 W CN 2020115083W WO 2022007187 A1 WO2022007187 A1 WO 2022007187A1
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Prior art keywords
wind
tidal current
power
current energy
energy
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩毅
宋子琛
赵勇
高晨
马勇
童博
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/008—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with water energy converters, e.g. a water turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
    • F03B3/121—Blades, their form or construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/16—Stators
    • F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0264—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for stopping; controlling in emergency situations
    • F03D7/0268—Parking or storm protection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of combined power generation of offshore wind energy and tidal current energy, and particularly relates to a method and system for coupled power generation of wind energy and tidal current energy based on an offshore horizontal axis wind turbine platform.
  • Oceans cover 70 percent of the Earth's surface and contain enormous amounts of energy.
  • Offshore energy is a clean and renewable energy that can be directly utilized by people.
  • Scientific development of offshore energy is of great strategic significance for alleviating the energy crisis, reducing environmental pollution and adjusting the energy structure.
  • offshore renewable energy with development and utilization value is mainly wind energy, tidal energy, tidal energy and wave energy.
  • the utility model patent with the application number of 201320488987.7 and the application date of 2013.08.12 and the authorization date of 2014.03.26 discloses a wind energy and tidal current energy combined power generation device.
  • the device is a type of vertical axis impeller fixed on the single pile of the wind turbine, which is completely submerged below the sea surface.
  • the two use the same set of transmission system in design, which effectively compensates for the instability of wind power generation, reduces development costs, and Improve the utilization rate of renewable energy in the sea area.
  • the utility model focuses on conceptual design to a large extent, and there are certain difficulties in the engineering realization at the current stage.
  • the diameter of the megawatt-class offshore wind turbine monopile tower is at least 5 meters below the sea surface. It will become huge accordingly, which will increase the difficulty of self-starting to a certain extent; at the same time, the vertical axis tidal current generator described in the utility model is in the form of a suit on the large-diameter tower section of the fan, seawater sealing and anti-corrosion of the tidal current generator. methods, in practical situations, are problems that need to be solved urgently.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for coupled wind energy and tidal current energy generation based on the offshore horizontal axis wind turbine platform, which improves the comprehensive utilization rate of renewable energy in the existing target sea area, and at the same time makes up for the output of the current single wind power generation system. Stability flaws.
  • a method for coupling wind energy and tidal current energy based on an offshore horizontal axis wind turbine platform includes the following steps:
  • the tidal current energy generating unit is floating on the sea surface and is connected to the monopile supporting tower in the wind power generation platform; at the same time, the electric energy generated by the tidal current energy generating unit is transmitted to the wind turbine side transformer in the wind power generation platform middle.
  • the wind turbine impeller when the sea surface wind speed is lower than the cut-in wind speed of the wind turbine, the wind turbine impeller is in a stopped state, and the wind turbine has no power output, the tidal current energy generating unit is controlled to output electrical energy at rated power;
  • the wind turbine impeller starts to rotate, and the wind turbine starts to connect to the grid to generate electricity.
  • the capacity gap between the powers controls the power output of the power flow energy generating unit;
  • the tidal current energy generating unit is controlled to stop running and generating electricity
  • the tidal current energy generating unit is controlled to output electrical energy at the rated power.
  • the tidal current energy generation unit is provided with a plurality of tidal current energy generation subsystems, and the plurality of tidal current energy generation subsystems are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the monopile support tower;
  • the tidal current energy generation subsystem includes a circular hull, An inflatable floating body, a sealed cabin, a tidal current energy generator, a vertical axis water turbine and a diversion cover, wherein the inflatable floating body is sheathed on the bottom outer ring of a circular hull; a sealed cabin is arranged on the deck of the circular hull; the sealing A hundred kilowatt-class tidal current energy generator is installed in the cabin, and the rotor of the tidal current energy generator is connected with the vertical axis water turbine;
  • a pair of shrouds are installed on the bottom of the circular hull, and the vertical axis turbine is placed in the cavity formed by the shrouds;
  • the electric energy output end of the tidal current energy generator is connected with the tidal current combined power generation coupling control unit.
  • the wind-tidal combined power generation coupling control unit includes a wind turbine active power monitor, a comparator, a control module and a full-power inverter for tidal current energy generation, wherein the electrical energy output end of the tidal current energy generator is connected to the full-power inverter for tidal current energy generation The output end of the full-power inverter for tidal current energy generation is connected to the electric energy input end of the transformer on the side of the wind turbine;
  • the wind turbine active power monitor is used to collect the active power value output by the wind turbine generator set, and transmit the active power value to the comparator;
  • the comparator is used to calculate the capacity difference between the active power value and the rated power of the wind turbine, obtain a capacity difference signal, and output the capacity difference signal to the control module;
  • the control module is used to control the running state and output power of the power flow generator according to the received capacity difference signal.
  • a wind energy and tidal current energy coupled power generation system based on an offshore horizontal axis wind turbine platform comprising a wind power generation platform, a tidal current energy generation unit and a wind and tide combined power generation coupling control unit;
  • the tidal current energy generation unit is arranged in a floating type on the sea surface, and is connected with The monopile support towers in the wind power generation platform are connected to each other; at the same time, the electric energy output end of the tidal current energy generation unit is connected to the input end of the wind turbine side transformer in the wind power generation platform through the wind and tide combined power generation coupling control unit;
  • the electric energy output by the transformer on the side of the wind turbine is transmitted to the onshore booster station through the submarine cable in the wind power generation platform for grid connection;
  • the wind-tidal combined power generation coupling control unit is used to collect the active power output by the wind turbines in the wind power generation platform, and control the operation state and output power of the power-flow energy generation unit according to the collected active power.
  • the tidal current energy generation unit is provided with a plurality of tidal current energy generation subsystems, and the plurality of tidal current energy generation subsystems are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the monopile support tower;
  • the tidal current energy generation subsystem includes a circular hull, an inflatable floating body, a sealed cabin, a tidal current energy generator, a vertical axis water turbine and a fairing, wherein the inflatable floating body is sleeved on the bottom outer ring of the circular hull;
  • a sealed cabin is arranged on the deck of the hull;
  • a 100-kilowatt tidal current energy generator is installed in the sealed cabin, and the rotor of the tidal current energy generator is connected with the vertical axis water turbine;
  • a pair of shrouds are installed on the bottom of the circular hull, and the vertical axis turbine is placed in the cavity formed by the shrouds;
  • the electric energy output end of the tidal current energy generator is connected with the tidal current combined power generation coupling control unit.
  • the vertical axis turbine comprises a rotating main shaft, straight lift-type blades and blade support beams, wherein a plurality of the lift-type straight blades are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating main shaft, and are connected to the rotating main shaft through the blade supporting beams .
  • the wind-tidal combined power generation coupling control unit includes a wind turbine active power monitor, a comparator, a control module and a full-power inverter for tidal current energy generation, wherein the electrical energy output end of the tidal current energy generator is connected to the full-power inverter for tidal current energy generation The output end of the full-power inverter for tidal current energy generation is connected to the electric energy input end of the transformer on the side of the wind turbine;
  • the wind turbine active power monitor is used to collect the active power value output by the wind turbine generator set, and transmit the active power value to the comparator;
  • the comparator is used to calculate the capacity difference between the active power value and the rated power of the wind turbine, obtain a capacity difference signal, and output the capacity difference signal to the control module;
  • the control module is used to control the running state and output power of the power flow generator according to the received capacity difference signal.
  • the tidal current energy generating unit is connected with the monopile supporting tower in the wind power generation platform through a tidal tidal linking unit.
  • the wind wave linking unit includes a first fixing structure component, an annular structure connecting frame, a first displacement spring, a connecting tube, a second displacement spring and a second fixing structure component, wherein the annular structure connecting frame is sleeved On the monopile support tower; a plurality of the first fixed structure components are provided, and the plurality of first fixed structure components are arranged along the circumferential direction of the annular structure connecting frame; the inner ends of the first fixed structure components are fixed On the annular structure connecting frame; the outer end of the first fixed structure component is connected with one end of the connecting pipe through a first displacement spring, and the other end of the connecting pipe is connected with one end of the second fixed structure component through a second displacement spring In connection, the other section of the second fixed structure assembly is fixed on the side wall of the circular hull of the tidal current energy generation subsystem.
  • the invention provides a method and system for coupled wind energy and tidal current energy generation based on an offshore horizontal axis wind turbine platform.
  • the integration of power generation and wind power enables the co-generation of subsea tidal current and offshore wind energy, effectively improving the comprehensive utilization rate of offshore renewable energy and improving the economic and technical indicators of the entire power generation without increasing a large number of marine construction.
  • the regular and stable source of tidal energy can make up for the shortcoming of poor stability of offshore wind energy; at the same time, the coupled control strategy of wind and tide co-generation can use tidal power generation to fill the gap of offshore wind power capacity, compensate for wind power fluctuations, and enhance power generation to a certain extent.
  • the reliability and output stability of the system make the output power of the system smoother and improve the reliability of power output.
  • the tidal current energy turbine blade adopts a lift-type symmetrical airfoil, which is simple in structure, easy to process, and low in manufacturing cost; at the same time, the vertical axis impeller rotor can capture the tidal flow energy from any direction, so there is no need to install complex yaw (for Water) regulating system, which simplifies the overall structural design;
  • the installation of the shroud can play the role of gathering and speeding up the flow, so that the power generation device can work in the sea area with low flow speed, and at the same time, it can effectively reduce the turbulence of the impeller flow field, and make the system run more smoothly;
  • the tidal power generator is located in the cabin of the floating carrier platform, which is easy to install and maintain; the tidal power generator is not in direct contact with seawater, which can effectively reduce the corrosion of the marine environment to the unit, and at the same time reduce the difficulty and difficulty of sealing the engine room. cost.
  • Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the tidal current energy generation subsystem in the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a trend link unit in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a coupling control unit of Fengchao combined power generation in the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a wind energy and tidal current energy coupled power generation system based on an offshore horizontal axis wind turbine platform, including a wind power generation platform 1, a tidal current energy generation unit 2, a wind and tide link unit 3 and a wind and tide combined power generation coupling control unit 4, wherein, the wind power generation platform 1 adopts a common offshore megawatt horizontal axis wind turbine; specifically, it includes: a horizontal axis fan blade 1-1, a wind turbine 1-2, a monopile support tower 1-3, a wind turbine The generator output cable 1-4, the wind turbine full power inverter 1-5, the wind turbine side transformer 1-6 and the submarine cable 1-7, wherein the wind turbine 1-2 is installed on the monopile support tower 1- In the engine room at the top of 3, the bottom ends of monopiles supporting towers 1-3 are fixed on the seabed.
  • the wind power generation platform 1 adopts a common offshore megawatt horizontal axis wind turbine; specifically, it includes: a horizontal axis fan blade 1-1,
  • the horizontal axis fan blade 1-1 rotates under the action of wind, and the rotating mechanical energy is transferred to the wind turbine through the main shaft of the impeller and then converted into electrical energy.
  • the electric energy output by the wind turbine generator set 1-2 is processed by rectification, filtering and inversion of the wind turbine full power inverter 1-5, and the voltage of the wind turbine generator set side transformer 1-6 is boosted.
  • the output from the power generation platform 1 is finally connected to the onshore booster station and connected to the grid.
  • the tidal current link unit 3 is fitted on the monopile supporting towers 1-3 of the wind power generation platform 1; the tidal current energy generation unit 2 is provided with three tidal current energy generation subsystems; the tidal current energy generation subsystem is in the form of floating on the sea surface , the wind and tide linking units 3 are evenly distributed around the monopile supporting towers 1-3 of the wind power generation platform 1; the wind and tide linking units 3 are located above the sea surface.
  • the current output by the power generation unit 2 of the tidal current is combined with the current output by the wind turbine generator set 1-2 through the combined wind and tide power generation coupling control unit 4, and after the transformer 1-6 on the wind turbine set side is boosted, it passes through the wind power generation platform 1.
  • the equipped submarine cables 1-7 are connected to the land booster station and connected to the grid.
  • the wind and tide combined power generation coupling control unit 4 is used to monitor the active power output by the rear end of the wind turbine full-power inverters 1-5, and then control the start (connection) and stop (cutout) of the power generation unit 2, and its Output Power.
  • the tidal current energy generation subsystem adopts a vertical axis type; including a circular hull 2-1, an inflatable floating body 2-2, a sealed cabin 2-3, a tidal current energy generator 2-4, and a tidal current energy electrical transmission line 2- 5.
  • a sealed cabin 2-3 is arranged on the deck of the circular hull 2-1;
  • the tidal current energy electrical transmission line 2-5 includes an electrical energy transmission channel from the tidal current energy generation subsystem to the wind power generation platform, And a feedback signal transmission channel from the wind power generation platform to the direction of the tidal current energy generation subsystem.
  • a 100 kilowatt-class tidal current energy generator 2-4 is installed in the sealed cabin 2-3, and the tidal current energy generator 2-4 adopts a direct-drive permanent magnet low-speed generator.
  • the rotor of the tidal current energy generator 2-4 is connected with the rotating main shaft 2-6 of the vertical axis water turbine.
  • the lift-type straight blades 2-7 are provided with four, which are installed on the rotating main shaft 2-6 through the blade support beams 2-8 to form a vertical axis water turbine.
  • the lift-type straight blades 2-7 are placed in a space formed by a pair (two pieces) of shrouds 2-9, and a gap is set between the inner wall of the shroud 2-9 and the lift-type straight blades 2-7 .
  • the pair of shrouds 2-9 are vertically installed at the bottom of the circular hull 2-1; the pair of shrouds 2-9 are designed to be symmetrical in shape, and when the tide turns alternately, the shroud enters the flow opening. and the outflow port can be interchanged; the cross-sections of the inflow port and the outflow port formed between the pair of shrouds 2-9 are both perpendicular to the main flow direction of the ebb and flow tide.
  • the inner wall of the shroud 2-9 has a wave-shaped structure, so that the inflow area formed by the two shrouds 2-9 has a tapered structure along the main flow direction; the outlet formed by the two shrouds 2-9 The flow area is in a gradually expanding structure along the main flow direction; the horizontal width at the narrowest part of the narrowing and expanding structures is smaller than the diameter of the vertical water turbine.
  • the outer walls of the shrouds 2-9 are protruding streamline structures.
  • the tidal current energy generator 2-4 converts the rotating mechanical energy of the lift-type straight blades 2-7 into electrical energy, and its output current is connected to the tidal current through the electrical energy transmission channel in the tidal current energy electrical transmission line 2-5 along the tidal current link unit 3.
  • the wind wave link unit 3 includes a first (tower side) fixed structure assembly 3-1, an annular structure connecting frame 3-2, a first (tower side) displacement spring 3-3, and a connecting pipe 3-4. Second (current side) displacement spring 3-5 and second (current side) fixed structure assembly 3-6 (shown in Figure 2).
  • first fixing structure components 3-1 there are three first fixing structure components 3-1, and the three first fixing structure components 3-1 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the annular structure connecting frame, and are fixed on the annular structure connecting frame 3-2.
  • the annular structure connecting frame 3-2 is sleeved on the wind turbine monopile support tower 1-3.
  • the number of the first fixed structure components 3-1 is the same as the number of the tidal current energy generation subsystems.
  • the first fixing structure component 3-1 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and a first through hole and a second through hole are formed thereon, and the axes of the first through hole and the second through hole are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first fixing structure component 3-1 is sleeved on the annular structure connecting frame 3-2 through a first through hole, and a tidal energy electrical transmission line 2-5 runs through the second through hole.
  • the inner end of the first fixed structure assembly 3-1 extends into the inner cavity of the monopile support tower 1-3, and the outer end is fixed with a first displacement spring 3-3, The other end is connected with the tower side end of the connecting pipe 3-4; the tidal current side end of the connecting pipe 3-4 is connected with the second displacement spring 3-5, and the other end of the second displacement spring 3-5 is fixed on the The outer end of the second fixed structure assembly 3-6.
  • the first displacement spring 3-3 and the second displacement spring 3-5 can provide a certain displacement margin for the local shaking of the floating tidal current energy generating unit, so as to avoid the damage of the entire tidal current link unit.
  • the second fixing structure component 3-6 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, which is integrally fixed on the side wall of the circular hull 2-1.
  • the second fixing structure component 3-6 is also provided with a through hole, and the tidal energy electrical transmission line 2-5 runs through the through hole.
  • the appearances of the tidal energy generating unit 2 and the tidal linking unit 3 are treated with anti-corrosion as a whole, and all surrounding structures of the openings are sealed and waterproofed.
  • the wind and tide combined power generation coupling control unit 4 is integrally embedded between the wind turbine full-power inverter 1-5 and the wind turbine side transformer 1-6, and the wind and tide combined power generation coupling control unit 4 includes wind turbine active power monitoring. 4-1, a comparator 4-2, a control module 4-3 and a full power inverter 4-4 for tidal current energy generation.
  • the wind turbine active power monitor 4-1 is used to monitor and collect the power output of the rear end of the wind turbine full power inverter 1-5, and transmit the power value to the comparator 4-2;
  • the comparator 4-2 is used to calculate the capacity difference between the active power value of the wind turbine and the rated power of the wind turbine side transformer 1-6 (that is, the rated power value of the wind turbine), obtain a capacity difference signal, and use the capacity difference.
  • the difference signal is output to the control module 4-3;
  • control module 4-3 sends an instruction to the power flow power generation unit through the feedback signal transmission channel in the power flow power electrical transmission line 2-5, and then controls the operation of the power flow power generator 2-4. status and output power.
  • the power tidal current power generation subsystem runs and is in a power generation state, and the alternating current generated by the power tidal current power generator 2-4 passes through the tidal current energy electrical transmission line 2-5.
  • the power transmission channel is connected to the full-power inverters 4-4 for power generation by tidal current energy, and the power output after rectification and inversion processing and the power output from the full-power inverters 1-5 of the wind turbine are merged into the wind turbine. side transformers 1-6.
  • the impeller of the wind turbine is in a stopped state, and the wind turbine has no power output;
  • the wind-tidal combined power generation coupling control unit controls the vertical axis turbine to rotate under the action of the horizontally moving sea current,
  • the generated rotating mechanical energy drives the rotor of the tidal current generator to rotate through the main shaft to generate electrical energy output.
  • the whole system is powered by the tidal current energy generation subsystem.
  • the whole system is combined with wind energy and tidal current energy, and the wind and tide combined power generation coupling control unit takes the actual output of the wind turbine as Basically, according to the shortage of wind power capacity, adjust the power output of the tidal power generator set, and avoid the overload of the electrical transmission system while compensating for the wind power.
  • the wind turbine impeller closes and brakes, and the wind turbine stops power output;
  • the wind and tide combined power generation coupling control unit controls the tidal current energy generation subsystem to switch to start operation again. At this time, the whole system is a single power generation for the tidal current energy generation subsystem.

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Abstract

一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电方法及系统，通过实时监测并采集风力发电平台（1）中风力发电机组（1-2）的有功功率；计算风力发电机组（1-2）的有功功率与其额定功率之间的差额；进而根据计算得到的容量差额信号控制潮流能发电单元（2）的运行状态及功率输出，实现风潮耦合发电；以现有的海上风力发电平台（1）为基础，充分利用海上风电现有的输送电装备，将潮流能发电与风电融合，通过潮流能发电填补海上风电容量缺额，并结合风潮耦合控制策略补偿风功率波动，构建出力稳定的海上风能和潮流能耦合发电系统，以降低施工成本提高近海可再生能源的综合利用率与发电系统的可靠性，提升整场发电的经济效益。

Description

一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电方法及系统 技术领域
本发明属于海上风能与潮流能联合发电技术领域，特别涉及一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电方法及系统。
背景技术
海洋覆盖着地球百分之七十的表面，蕴含着巨大的能量。近海能源是海洋能中，可以被人们直接利用且清洁的可再生能源，科学地开发近海能源，对缓解能源危机、减少环境污染、调整能源结构，具有重要的战略意义。目前，由于技术条件的限制，具备开发利用价值的近海可再生能源主要为风能、潮汐能、潮流能和波浪能。其中，近海风能发电技术相对于其他近海能源利用技术而言，研究与开发起步较早，目前已趋于成熟，已经步入到规模化发展、商业化运营并网的阶段；对于近海潮汐、潮流能、波浪能等发电技术，随着相应理论与试验的不断深入研究，近年来亦取得了长足进步，正逐步向示范化运行，规模化开发的进程发展。
现阶段，上述近海可再生能源的开发方式趋于单一、专业化，即在特定海域里，通常只有单一形式的能量被捕获并转化利用，近海风力发电场即为最典型的应用案例。然而，在单独利用海上风力单一能源进行发电时，不可避免地会出现一些瓶颈问题。首先，由于优质海风的形成具有一定的季节与时间性，风力机组在小风速时段的输出功率则远低于其设计的额定功率，造成现有资产、资源利用率的降低。再者，由于风能在时域上具有波动性，及其湍流强度的变化难以精确预测，使得风力机组的出力波动性较大，其接入电网后直接影响陆地电网的电压稳定与功率平衡，经常出现并网困难与限电的情况，造成风电设备在产能与投资上的浪费。
为解决上述问题，近海风能结合其他可再生能源的联合发电系统开始引起人们的关注。例如，申请号为201320488987.7申请日期为2013.08.12授权日为2014.03.26的实用新型专利公开了一种风能潮流能联合发电装置，其海上风力发电装置选用较为常用的水平轴风力机，潮 流能发电装置为固定于风力机单桩上的垂直轴叶轮型式，其整体浸没于海面以下，二者在设计上使用同一套输电系统，有效地弥补了风力发电的不稳定性，减少了开发成本，并且提高了海域的可再生能源利用率。然而，该实用新型的在很大程度上偏重于概念性设计，在现阶段的工程实现中存在着一定的难度。通常，兆瓦级海上风机单桩塔筒直径在海面以下的层段至少为5米，若将垂直轴叶轮型式的潮流能发电机套设在该段单桩塔筒上，其体积与外形则会相应地变得庞大，在一定程度上增加自启动难度；同时，该实用新型中所述的垂直轴潮流机在风机大直径塔筒段上的套装形式、潮流能发电机的海水密封与防腐方法，在实际情况下均为亟待解决的难题。因此，充分考虑近海风场、海上风电装备的特点，整合潮流能发电现有技术资源，融合海上风能和潮流能进行联合发电，从而提高目标海域的可再生能源利用率、电力输出稳定性以及整场的投资回报率，成为了目前近海可再生能源综合发电系统的重要研究方向之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电方法及系统，提高了现有目标海域的可再生能源综合利用率，同时弥补了目前单一风力发电系统的出力稳定性缺陷。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
本发明提供的一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电方法，包括以下步骤：
实时监测并采集风力发电平台中的风力发电机组输出的有功功率；
计算风力发电机组输出的有功功率与风力发电机组额定功率之间的容量差额；
根据计算得到的容量差额控制潮流能发电单元的运行状态及输出功率；
其中，潮流能发电单元呈漂浮式布置于海面，且与风力发电平台中的单桩支撑塔筒相连接； 同时，所述潮流能发电单元产生的电能输送至风力发电平台中的风电机组侧变压器中。
优选地，当海面风速低于风力机的切入风速，风力机叶轮处于停转状态，风力发电机组无功率输出时，控制所述潮流能发电单元以额定功率进行电能输出；
当海面风速大于风力机的切入风速、且小于额定风速，风力机叶轮开始旋转，风力发电机组开始并网发电，风力发电机组的有功功率低于其额定功率时，根据风力发电机组有功功率与额定功率之间的容量缺额，控制所述潮流能发电单元的功率输出；
当海面风速大于风力机的额定风速、且小于切出风速，风力发电机组以其额定功率运行时，控制潮流能发电单元停止运行发电；
当海面风速高于风力机的切出风速，风力发电机组停止功率输出时，控制所述潮流能发电单元以额定功率进行电能输出。
优选地，所述潮流能发电单元设置有多个潮流能发电子系统，多个潮流能发电子系统沿单桩支撑塔筒的圆周方向均布；所述潮流能发电子系统包括圆形船体、充气浮体、密封舱、潮流能发电机、垂直轴水轮机和导流罩，其中，所述充气浮体套装在圆形船体的底部外圈上；圆形船体的甲板上设置有密封舱；所述密封舱内安装有百千瓦级的潮流能发电机，所述潮流能发电机的转子与垂直轴水轮机连接；
所述圆形船体的底部安装有一对导流罩，所述垂直轴水轮机置于导流罩形成的空腔内；
所述潮流能发电机的电能输出端连接有风潮联合发电耦合控制单元。
优选地，风潮联合发电耦合控制单元包括风力机有功功率监测器、比较器、控制模块和潮流能发电全功率变频器，其中，所述潮流能发电机的电能输出端连接潮流能发电全功率变频器，所述潮流能发电全功率变频器的输出端连接风电机组侧变压器的电能输入端；
所述风力机有功功率监测器用于采集风力发电机组输出的有功功率值，并将该有功功率值传送至比较器；
所述比较器用于计算该有功功率值与风力发电机组的额定功率之间的容量差额，得到容量差额信号，将该容量差额信号输出至控制模块；
控制模块用于根据接收到的容量差额信号控制潮流能发电机的运行状态及输出功率。
一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电系统，包括风力发电平台、潮流能发电单元和风潮联合发电耦合控制单元；所述潮流能发电单元呈漂浮式布置于海面，且与风力发电平台中的单桩支撑塔筒相连接；同时，所述潮流能发电单元的电能输出端通过风潮联合发电耦合控制单元连接风力发电平台中的风电机组侧变压器的输入端；
所述风电机组侧变压器输出的电能通过风力发电平台中的海底电缆输送至陆地升压站并网；
所述风潮联合发电耦合控制单元用于采集风力发电平台中的风力发电机组输出的有功功率，并根据采集到的有功功率控制潮流能发电单元的运行状态及输出功率。
优选地，所述潮流能发电单元设置有多个潮流能发电子系统，多个潮流能发电子系统沿单桩支撑塔筒的圆周方向均布；
所述潮流能发电子系统包括圆形船体、充气浮体、密封舱、潮流能发电机、垂直轴水轮机和导流罩，其中，所述充气浮体套装在圆形船体的底部外圈上；圆形船体的甲板上设置有密封舱；所述密封舱内安装有百千瓦级潮流能发电机，所述潮流能发电机的转子与垂直轴水轮机连接；
所述圆形船体的底部安装有一对导流罩，所述垂直轴水轮机置于导流罩形成的空腔内；
所述潮流能发电机的电能输出端连接有风潮联合发电耦合控制单元。
优选地，所述垂直轴水轮机包括旋转主轴、升力型直叶片和叶片支撑梁，其中，所述升力型直叶片沿旋转主轴的圆周方向均匀设置有多个，并通过叶片支撑梁与旋转主轴连接。
优选地，风潮联合发电耦合控制单元包括风力机有功功率监测器、比较器、控制模块和潮 流能发电全功率变频器，其中，所述潮流能发电机的电能输出端连接潮流能发电全功率变频器，所述潮流能发电全功率变频器的输出端连接风电机组侧变压器的电能输入端；
所述风力机有功功率监测器用于采集风力发电机组输出的有功功率值，并将该有功功率值传送至比较器；
所述比较器用于计算该有功功率值与风力发电机组的额定功率之间的容量差额，得到容量差额信号，将该容量差额信号输出至控制模块；
控制模块用于根据接收到的容量差额信号控制潮流能发电机的运行状态及输出功率。
优选地，所述潮流能发电单元通过风潮链接单元与风力发电平台中的单桩支撑塔筒相连接。
优选地，所述风潮链接单元包括第一固定结构组件、环状结构连接架、第一位移弹簧、连接管、第二位移弹簧和第二固定结构组件，其中，所述环状结构连接架套装在单桩支撑塔筒上；所述第一固定结构组件设置有多个，多个第一固定结构组件的沿环状结构连接架的圆周方向布置；所述第一固定结构组件的内端固定在环状结构连接架上；所述第一固定结构组件的外端通过第一位移弹簧与连接管的一端连接，所述连接管的另一端通过第二位移弹簧与第二固定结构组件的一端连接，第二固定结构组件的另一段固定在潮流能发电子系统的圆形船体的侧壁上。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提供的一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电方法及系统，在现有的海上风能发电平台的基础上，充分利用海上风电现有的输送电装备，将潮流能发电与风电融合，实现海下潮流与海上风能共同发电，在不增加大量海事施工的前提下，有效提高了近海可再生能源的综合利用率，提升整场发电的经济技术指标。
进一步的，潮流能量来源规律、稳定，可以弥补近海风能稳定性差的缺点；同时，风潮联合发电的耦合控制策略可利用潮流发电填补海上风电容量缺额，补偿风功率的波动，在一定程度上增强发电系统的可靠性及出力稳定性，使得系统输出功率更加平滑，提高电力输出的可靠 性。
进一步的，潮流能水轮机叶片采用升力型对称翼型，结构简单，易加工，制造成本低；同时，垂直轴叶轮转子可以捕获来自任意方向的潮汐来流动能，从而无须安装复杂的偏航(对水)调节系统，简化了整体的结构设计；
进一步的，导流罩的安装可以起到聚流增速的作用，使发电装置能够在较低流速的海域工作的同时，有效降低叶轮流场的湍流度，使得系统运行更为平稳；
进一步的，潮流能发电机位于漂浮式载体平台的舱体内，易于安装与维护；潮流能发电机不与海水直接接触，可有效地减弱海洋环境对机组的腐蚀，同时降低了机舱密封的难度和成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明的整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明中潮流能发电子系统示意图；
图3为本发明中风潮链接单元示意图；
图4为本发明中的风潮联合发电耦合控制单元的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明作进一步详细说明。
参照附图1，本发明提供了一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电系统，包括风力发电平台1、潮流能发电单元2、风潮链接单元3和风潮联合发电耦合控制单元4，其中，所述风力发电平台1采用常用的海上兆瓦级水平轴风力机组；具体包括：水平轴风机叶片1-1、风力发电机组1-2、单桩支撑塔筒1-3、风力发电机输出端电缆1-4、风力机全功率变频器1-5、风电机组侧变压器1-6和海底电缆1-7，其中，风力发电机组1-2安装在单桩支撑 塔筒1-3顶部的机舱内，单桩支撑塔筒1-3的底端固定在海床上。
所述水平轴风机叶片1-1在风力的作用下旋转，通过叶轮主轴将旋转机械能传递至风力发电机组后转化为电能。
所述风力发电机组1-2输出的电能经风力机全功率变频器1-5的整流、滤波与逆变处理，并风电机组侧变压器1-6升压后，通过海底电缆1-7从风力发电平台1中输出，最终接入陆地升压站并网。
所述风潮链接单元3套装在风力发电平台1的单桩支撑塔筒1-3上；所述潮流能发电单元2设置有三个潮流能发电子系统；所述潮流能发电子系统为海面漂浮形式，通过风潮链接单元3均布在风力发电平台1的单桩支撑塔筒1-3的周围；所述风潮链接单元3位于海面以上。
所述潮流能发电单元2输出的电流，经过风潮联合发电耦合控制单元4，与风力发电机组1-2输出的电流汇合，并在风电机组侧变压器1-6升压后，通过风力发电平台1配备的海底电缆1-7，接入陆地升压站并网。
所述风潮联合发电耦合控制单元4用于监测风力机全功率变频器1-5后端输出的有功功率，进而控制潮流能发电单元2的启动(接入)与停止(切出)、及其输出功率。
参照附图2，潮流能发电子系统采用垂直轴型式；包括圆形船体2-1、充气浮体2-2、密封舱2-3、潮流能发电机2-4、潮流能电气输送线路2-5、旋转主轴2-6、升力型直叶片2-7、叶片支撑梁2-8和导流罩2-9，其中，所述充气浮体2-2套装在圆形船体2-1的底部外圈上；所述圆形船体2-1的甲板上设置有密封舱2-3；所述潮流能电气输送线路2-5中包含由潮流能发电子系统至风力发电平台方向的电能输送通道，以及由风力发电平台至潮流能发电子系统方向的反馈信号传输通道。
所述密封舱2-3内安装有一台百千瓦级潮流能发电机2-4，所述潮流能发电机2-4采用直驱式永磁低转速发电机。所述潮流能发电机2-4的转子与垂直轴水轮机的旋转主轴2-6连接。
所述升力型直叶片2-7设置有四个，通过叶片支撑梁2-8安装在旋转主轴2-6上，组成垂直轴水轮机。
所述升力型直叶片2-7置于一对(两片)导流罩2-9形成的空间内，且导流罩2-9的内壁与升力型直叶片2-7之间设置有间隙。
所述一对导流罩2-9竖直安装在圆形船体2-1的底部；所述一对导流罩2-9设计为对称形状,当涨潮落潮交替转变时,导流罩入流口和出流口可以互换；所述一对导流罩2-9之间形成的入流口和出流口截面均与涨落潮的主流动方向垂直。
所述导流罩2-9的内壁为波浪形结构，使得两个导流罩2-9形成的入流区域沿主流动方向呈渐缩结构；所述两个导流罩2-9形成的出流区域沿主流动方向呈渐扩结构；所述渐缩与渐扩结构最窄处的水平宽度均小于垂直水轮机的直径。
所述导流罩2-9的外壁为外凸的流线型结构。
所述潮流能发电机2-4将升力型直叶片2-7的旋转机械能转化为电能，其输出电流通过潮流能电气输送线路2-5中的电能传输通道沿着风潮链接单元3接入风潮联合发电耦合控制单元4中。
参照附图3，所述风潮链接单元3包括第一(塔筒侧)固定结构组件3-1、环状结构连接架3-2、第一(塔筒侧)位移弹簧3-3、连接管3-4、第二(潮流侧)位移弹簧3-5和第二(潮流侧)固定结构组件3-6(示于图2)。
其中，所述第一固定结构组件3-1设置有三个，三个第一固定结构组件3-1沿环形结构连接架的圆周方向布置，固定在环形结构连接架3-2上。
所述环状结构连接架3-2套装在风力机单桩支撑塔筒1-3上。
所述第一固定结构组件3-1的数量与潮流能发电子系统的数量一致。所述第一固定结构组件3-1为长方体结构，其上开设有第一通孔和第二通孔，所述第一通孔和第二通孔的轴线互相 垂直。所述第一固定结构组件3-1通过第一通孔套装在环状结构连接架3-2上，所述第二通孔内贯穿有潮流能电气输送线路2-5。所述第一固定结构组件3-1的内端伸入至单桩支撑塔筒1-3的内腔中，外端部固定有第一位移弹簧3-3，第一位移弹簧3-3的另一端与连接管3-4的塔筒侧端相连；所述连接管3-4的潮流侧端与第二位移弹簧3-5相连，所述第二位移弹簧3-5的另一端固定在第二固定结构组件3-6的外端。
所述第一位移弹簧3-3和第二位移弹簧3-5可为漂浮式潮流能发电单元的局部晃动提供一定的位移裕量，避免风潮链接单元整体发生破坏。
所述第二固定结构组件3-6为长方体结构，其整体固定于圆形船体2-1的侧壁上。所述第二固定结构组件3-6亦开设有通孔，所述潮流能电气输送线路2-5贯穿于其通孔。
潮流能发电单元2与风潮链接单元3的外表整体进行防腐处理，并且对所有开孔结构周围进行密封防水处理。
参照附图4，风潮联合发电耦合控制单元4整体嵌入在风力机全功率变频器1-5与风电机组侧变压器1-6之间，所述风潮联合发电耦合控制单元4包括风力机有功功率监测器4-1、比较器4-2、控制模块4-3和潮流能发电全功率变频器4-4。
所述风力机有功功率监测器4-1用于监测并采集风力机全功率变频器1-5后端的功率输出，并将该功率值传送至比较器4-2；
所述比较器4-2用于计算风力机有功功率值与风电机组侧变压器1-6的额定功率(即风力发电机组的额定功率值)之间的容量差额，得到容量差额信号，并将容量差额信号输出至控制模块4-3；
所述控制模块4-3根据接收到的容量差额信号，通过潮流能电气输送线路2-5中的反馈信号传输通道，向潮流能发电单元发出指令，进而控制潮流能发电机2-4的运行状态及输出功率。
当潮流能发电机2-4收到所述控制模块4-3的启动指令时，潮流能发电子系统运行并处于 发电状态，其产生的交变电流通过潮流能电气输送线路2-5中的电能传输通道接入到所述潮流能发电全功率变频器4-4中，经过整流、逆变处理后输出的电能与风力机全功率变频器1-5输出的电能一并汇入至风电机组侧变压器1-6中。
本发明的工作原理如下：
(1)当海面风速低于风力机的切入风速时：风力机叶轮处于停转状态，风力发电机无功率输出；风潮联合发电耦合控制单元控制垂直轴水轮机在水平运动的海潮流作用下转动，产生的旋转机械能通过主轴带动潮流能发电机的转子旋转，产生电能输出。整个系统由潮流能发电子系统单一发电。
(2)当海面风速大于风力机的切入风速、同时小于额定风速时：风力机叶轮开始旋转，风力发电机组开始并网发电，然而其机组有功功率低于额定功率，发电系统存在容量缺额；所述潮流能发电子系统继续保持运行发电状态，用于补偿风功率从而填补海上风电容量缺额，此时整个系统为风能与潮流能联合发电，风潮联合发电耦合控制单元以风力发电机组的实际输出为基础，根据风电容量的缺额，调整潮流能发电机组的功率输出，在补偿风功率的同时避免电气输送系统的过载。
(3)当海面风速大于风力机的额定风速、同时小于切出风速时：风力发电机处于满发状态，以额定输出功率运行；所述风潮联合发电耦合控制单元控制潮流能发电子系统停止发电，以免输出功率过大而造成电气输送系统的过载。此时整个系统为风能单一发电。
(4)当海面风速高于风力机的切出风速时：风力机叶轮收桨刹车，风力发电机组停止功率输出；所述风潮联合发电耦合控制单元控制潮流能发电子系统重新切入启动运行。此时整个系统为潮流能发电子系统单一发电。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的指导性实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明所述的精神、原则和技术范围内，可轻易想到的对风力发电 平台、潮流能发电单元，风潮链接单元中主要零部件的同等替换，以及风潮联合发电耦合控制单元中主体控制策略的相似替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权力要求书的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    实时监测并采集风力发电平台(1)中的风力发电机组(1-2)输出的有功功率；
    计算风力发电机组(1-2)输出的有功功率与风力发电机组(1-2)额定功率之间的容量差额；
    根据计算得到的容量差额控制潮流能发电单元(2)的运行状态及输出功率；
    其中，潮流能发电单元(2)呈漂浮式布置于海面，且与风力发电平台(1)中的单桩支撑塔筒(1-3)相连接；同时，所述潮流能发电单元(2)产生的电能输送至风力发电平台(1)中的风电机组侧变压器(1-6)中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电方法，其特征在于：
    当海面风速低于风力机的切入风速，风力机叶轮处于停转状态，风力发电机组(1-2)无功率输出时，控制所述潮流能发电单元(2)以额定功率进行电能输出；
    当海面风速大于风力机的切入风速、且小于额定风速，风力机叶轮开始旋转，风力发电机组(1-2)开始并网发电，风力发电机组(1-2)的有功功率低于其额定功率时，根据风力发电机组(1-2)有功功率与额定功率之间的容量缺额，控制所述潮流能发电单元(2)的功率输出；
    当海面风速大于风力机的额定风速、且小于切出风速，风力发电机组(1-2)以其额定功率运行时，控制潮流能发电单元(2)停止运行发电；
    当海面风速高于风力机的切出风速，风力发电机组(1-2)停止功率输出时，控制所述潮流能发电单元(2)以额定功率进行电能输出。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电方法，其特征在于，所述潮流能发电单元(2)设置有多个潮流能发电子系统，多个潮流能发电子系 统沿单桩支撑塔筒(1-3)的圆周方向均布；
    所述潮流能发电子系统包括圆形船体(2-1)、充气浮体(2-2)、密封舱(2-3)、潮流能发电机(2-4)、垂直轴水轮机和导流罩(2-9)，其中，所述充气浮体(2-2)套装在圆形船体(2-1)的底部外圈上；圆形船体(2-1)的甲板上设置有密封舱(2-3)；所述密封舱(2-3)内安装有百千瓦级的潮流能发电机(2-4)，所述潮流能发电机(2-4)的转子与垂直轴水轮机连接；
    所述圆形船体(2-1)的底部安装有一对导流罩(2-9)，所述垂直轴水轮机置于导流罩形成的空腔内；
    所述潮流能发电机(2-4)的电能输出端连接有风潮联合发电耦合控制单元(4)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电方法，其特征在于，风潮联合发电耦合控制单元(4)包括风力机有功功率监测器(4-1)、比较器(4-2)、控制模块(4-3)和潮流能发电全功率变频器(4-4)，其中，所述潮流能发电机(2-4)的电能输出端连接潮流能发电全功率变频器(4-4)，所述潮流能发电全功率变频器(4-4)的输出端连接风电机组侧变压器(1-6)的电能输入端；
    所述风力机有功功率监测器(4-1)用于采集风力发电机组(1-2)输出的有功功率值，并将该有功功率值传送至比较器(4-2)；
    所述比较器(4-2)用于计算该有功功率值与风力发电机组(1-2)的额定功率之间的容量差额，得到容量差额信号，将该容量差额信号输出至控制模块(4-3)；
    控制模块(4-3)用于根据接收到的容量差额信号控制潮流能发电机(2-4)的运行状态及输出功率。
  5. 一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电系统，其特征在于，包括风力发电平台(1)、潮流能发电单元(2)和风潮联合发电耦合控制单元(4)；所述潮流能发电单元(2)呈漂浮式布置于海面，且与风力发电平台(1)中的单桩支撑塔筒(1-3)相连接； 同时，所述潮流能发电单元(2)的电能输出端通过风潮联合发电耦合控制单元(4)连接风力发电平台(1)中的风电机组侧变压器(1-6)的输入端；
    所述风电机组侧变压器(1-6)输出的电能通过风力发电平台(1)中的海底电缆(1-7)输送至陆地升压站并网；
    所述风潮联合发电耦合控制单元(4)用于采集风力发电平台(1)中的风力发电机组(1-2)输出的有功功率，并根据采集到的有功功率控制潮流能发电单元(2)的运行状态及输出功率。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电系统，其特征在于，所述潮流能发电单元(2)设置有多个潮流能发电子系统，多个潮流能发电子系统沿单桩支撑塔筒(1-3)的圆周方向均布；
    所述潮流能发电子系统包括圆形船体(2-1)、充气浮体(2-2)、密封舱(2-3)、潮流能发电机(2-4)、垂直轴水轮机和导流罩(2-9)，其中，所述充气浮体(2-2)套装在圆形船体(2-1)的底部外圈上；圆形船体(2-1)的甲板上设置有密封舱(2-3)；所述密封舱(2-3)内安装有百千瓦级潮流能发电机(2-4)，所述潮流能发电机(2-4)的转子与垂直轴水轮机连接；
    所述圆形船体(2-1)的底部安装有一对导流罩(2-9)，所述垂直轴水轮机置于导流罩形成的空腔内；
    所述潮流能发电机(2-4)的电能输出端连接有风潮联合发电耦合控制单元(4)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电系统，其特征在于，所述垂直轴水轮机包括旋转主轴(2-6)、升力型直叶片(2-7)和叶片支撑梁(2-8)，其中，所述升力型直叶片(2-7)沿旋转主轴(2-6)的圆周方向均匀设置有多个，并通过叶片支撑梁(2-8)与旋转主轴(2-6)连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电系统，其特征在于，风潮联合发电耦合控制单元(4)包括风力机有功功率监测器(4-1)、比较器(4-2)、 控制模块(4-3)和潮流能发电全功率变频器(4-4)，其中，所述潮流能发电机(2-4)的电能输出端连接潮流能发电全功率变频器(4-4)，所述潮流能发电全功率变频器(4-4)的输出端连接风电机组侧变压器(1-6)的电能输入端；
    所述风力机有功功率监测器(4-1)用于采集风力发电机组(1-2)输出的有功功率值，并将该有功功率值传送至比较器(4-2)；
    所述比较器(4-2)用于计算该有功功率值与风力发电机组(1-2)的额定功率之间的容量差额，得到容量差额信号，将该容量差额信号输出至控制模块(4-3)；
    控制模块(4-3)用于根据接收到的容量差额信号控制潮流能发电机(2-4)的运行状态及输出功率。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电系统，其特征在于，所述潮流能发电单元(2)通过风潮链接单元(3)与风力发电平台(1)中的单桩支撑塔筒(1-3)相连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种基于海上水平轴风力机平台的风能与潮流能耦合发电系统，其特征在于，所述风潮链接单元(3)包括第一固定结构组件(3-1)、环状结构连接架(3-2)、第一位移弹簧(3-3)、连接管(3-4)、第二位移弹簧(3-5)和第二固定结构组件(3-6)，其中，所述环状结构连接架(3-2)套装在单桩支撑塔筒(1-3)上；所述第一固定结构组件(3-1)设置有多个，多个第一固定结构组件(3-1)的沿环状结构连接架(3-2)的圆周方向布置；所述第一固定结构组件(3-1)的内端固定在环状结构连接架(3-2)上；所述第一固定结构组件(3-1)的外端通过第一位移弹簧(3-3)与连接管(3-4)的一端连接，所述连接管(3-4)的另一端通过第二位移弹簧(3-5)与第二固定结构组件(3-6)的一端连接，第二固定结构组件(3-6)的另一段固定在潮流能发电子系统的圆形船体(2-1)的侧壁上。
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