WO2022007162A1 - 显示装置及显示装置的制备方法 - Google Patents

显示装置及显示装置的制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022007162A1
WO2022007162A1 PCT/CN2020/113875 CN2020113875W WO2022007162A1 WO 2022007162 A1 WO2022007162 A1 WO 2022007162A1 CN 2020113875 W CN2020113875 W CN 2020113875W WO 2022007162 A1 WO2022007162 A1 WO 2022007162A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
electrode
electrochromic
electrochromic device
display device
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PCT/CN2020/113875
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑秉文
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Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co Ltd
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Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to US17/253,116 priority Critical patent/US12271091B2/en
Publication of WO2022007162A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022007162A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/50—OLEDs integrated with light modulating elements, e.g. with electrochromic elements, photochromic elements or liquid crystal elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/157—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/155—Electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
    • H10H29/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one light-emitting semiconductor element covered by group H10H20/00
    • H10H29/10—Integrated devices comprising at least one light-emitting semiconductor component covered by group H10H20/00
    • H10H29/14—Integrated devices comprising at least one light-emitting semiconductor component covered by group H10H20/00 comprising multiple light-emitting semiconductor components
    • H10H29/142—Two-dimensional arrangements, e.g. asymmetric LED layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
    • H10K59/1201—Manufacture or treatment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/44—Arrangements combining different electro-active layers, e.g. electrochromic, liquid crystal or electroluminescent layers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of display technology, and in particular, to a display device and a preparation method of the display device.
  • the viewing angle of the mobile phone is basically close to 180°.
  • the content on the mobile phone is very easy for others to obtain, especially in today's highly developed information, the frequency of mobile phone use is getting higher and higher, and the content on the mobile phone is becoming more and more important. As a result, personal privacy is easily leaked.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a display device and a method for fabricating the display device, which are used to solve the problem that the light transmittance of the display screen is reduced due to the external privacy protection film in the current display device, the display effect and display experience are affected, and the overall mobile phone is increased.
  • Technical problems such as thickness and easy damage increase cost.
  • the present invention provides a display device, comprising:
  • circuit layer disposed on one side surface of the base substrate
  • a light-emitting device layer disposed on a surface of the circuit layer away from the base substrate;
  • an encapsulation layer covering one side surface and at least one short side surface of the light emitting device layer away from the circuit layer;
  • the electrochromic device layer is disposed on a surface of the encapsulation layer away from the light-emitting device layer.
  • the electrochromic device layer includes a first electrode, an electrochromic device, and a second electrode, and the electrochromic device is electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively. sexual connection.
  • the electrochromic device layer further includes a flat layer and a protective layer, and the electrochromic device and the flat layer are disposed on a side of the first electrode away from the encapsulation layer the second electrode is arranged on the surface of the flat layer away from the first electrode, the protective layer is arranged at the side of the second electrode away from the flat layer and covers the entire electro- Color changing device layer.
  • the electrochromic device layer includes a plurality of the electrochromic devices, and the electrochromic devices are distributed continuously in the first direction and distributed in parallel in the second direction.
  • the electrochromic device layer includes a plurality of the electrochromic devices, and the electrochromic devices are spaced apart in the first direction and distributed in parallel in the second direction.
  • the electrochromic device includes at least two states of different transmittances, the transmittances including at least T1 and T2, where T1>T2.
  • the display device includes a wide viewing angle mode and a narrow viewing angle mode.
  • the transmittance of the electrochromic device is T1
  • the transmittance of the electrochromic device is T1
  • the transmittance of the electrochromic device is T2.
  • the transmittance of the electrochromic device is T2.
  • the width of the electrochromic device is no greater than 100 ⁇ m.
  • the present invention provides a preparation method of a display device, the preparation method is used to prepare the display device according to any one of the first aspects, comprising the following steps:
  • a base substrate is provided, and a circuit layer is prepared on one surface of the base substrate;
  • An electrochromic device layer is prepared on a surface of the encapsulation layer away from the light-emitting device layer.
  • the electrochromic device layer includes a first electrode, an electrochromic device, and a second electrode, and the electrochromic device is electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively. sexual connection.
  • the electrochromic device layer further includes a flat layer and a protective layer, and the electrochromic device and the flat layer are disposed on a side of the first electrode away from the encapsulation layer the second electrode is arranged on the surface of the flat layer away from the first electrode, the protective layer is arranged at the side of the second electrode away from the flat layer and covers the entire electro- Color changing device layer.
  • preparing the electrochromic device layer comprises:
  • An electrochromic device is formed on the surface of the first electrode by sputtering and etching;
  • a second electrode is formed by sputtering on a surface of the flat layer away from the first electrode
  • a protective layer is prepared on the side of the second electrode away from the flat layer, and the protective layer covers the entire electrochromic device layer.
  • the electrochromic device layer includes a plurality of the electrochromic devices, and the electrochromic devices are distributed continuously in the first direction and distributed in parallel in the second direction.
  • the electrochromic device layer includes a plurality of the electrochromic devices, and the electrochromic devices are spaced apart in the first direction and distributed in parallel in the second direction.
  • the electrochromic device includes at least two states of different transmittances, the transmittances including at least T1 and T2, where T1>T2.
  • the display device includes a wide viewing angle mode and a narrow viewing angle mode.
  • the transmittance of the electrochromic device is T1
  • the transmittance of the electrochromic device is T1
  • the transmittance of the electrochromic device is T2.
  • the transmittance of the electrochromic device is T2.
  • the width of the electrochromic device is no greater than 100 ⁇ m.
  • the present invention realizes the electrochromic device layer by adding an electrochromic device layer in the display device and changing the electric field applied to the electrochromic device layer. Convert between different transmittances, so that it can achieve high transmittance in the wide viewing angle mode without affecting the normal display of the display device, and can achieve low transmittance in the process of narrow viewing angle, reducing the visibility of the display device. Viewing angle, realize the function of privacy protection, the two modes can be switched flexibly, and the use occasions are more extensive.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrochromic device layer in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of an electrochromic device layer in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of an electrochromic device layer in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method for preparing an electrochromic device layer in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined as “first”, “second” may expressly or implicitly include one or more of said features. In the description of the present invention, “plurality” means two or more, unless otherwise expressly and specifically defined.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a display device and a method for fabricating the display device, which will be described in detail below.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the display device includes: a base substrate 101 ; a circuit layer 102 , which is arranged on one side of the base substrate 101 ; surface; encapsulation layer 104, covering one side surface and at least one short side of the light-emitting device layer 103 away from the circuit layer 102; and an electrochromic device layer 105, disposed on the encapsulation layer 104 away from the light-emitting device One side surface of layer 103 .
  • the present invention realizes the electrochromic by adding an electrochromic device layer 105 in the display device, and by changing the electric field applied to the electrochromic device layer 105
  • the device layer 105 is converted between different transmittances, so that in the wide viewing angle mode, the electrochromic device layer 105 can have a higher transmittance, which does not affect the normal display of the display device.
  • the electrochromic device layer 105 has low transmittance, which reduces the viewing angle of the display device and realizes the function of privacy protection.
  • the two modes can be switched flexibly, and the application occasions are wider.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrochromic device layer in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electrochromic device layer 105 includes a first electrode 1051 , an electrochromic device 1052 and a second electrode 1054 , and the electrochromic device 1052 is electrically connected to the first electrode 1051 and the second electrode 1054 respectively. .
  • the base substrate 101 is a transparent substrate, including at least one of glass or plastic;
  • the circuit layer 102 further includes a polyimide film, and the polyimide film has excellent self-supporting properties, The circuit layer 102 can be inhibited from being wrinkled during processing;
  • the first electrode 1051 is a transparent electrode, the material of the first electrode 1051 includes graphene or indium tin oxide, and the first electrode 1051 can be a plane
  • the electrode can also be a pattern electrode formed by an etching process.
  • the electrochromic device layer 105 further includes a flat layer 1053 and a protective layer 1055, the electrochromic device 1052 and the flat layer 1053 are disposed in the same layer, and are disposed on the
  • the first electrode 1051 is disposed on a side surface of the flat layer 1053 away from the encapsulation layer 104
  • the second electrode 1054 is disposed on a side surface of the flat layer 1053 away from the first electrode 1051
  • the protective layer 1055 is disposed on the first electrode 1051 .
  • the second electrode 1054 is away from one side of the flat layer 1053 and covers the entire electrochromic device layer 105 .
  • the flat layer 1053 and the protective layer 1055 are both transparent insulating materials, and the materials include acrylic and the like.
  • the display device also includes circuit pins 1056, an integrated circuit and a control circuit, the circuit pins 1056 are located at the edge of the display panel, and the electrochromic device 1052 is connected to the first electrode 1051 and the second electrode 1054 through the The control circuit is connected to the circuit pin 1056 through a lead wire, and the control circuit of the electrochromic device 1052 is connected to the integrated circuit through the circuit pin 1056 .
  • the electrochromic device 1052 undergoes an electrochemical redox reaction under the action of an electric field, so that the color of the electrochromic device 1052 changes, that is, the transmittance of the electrochromic device 1052 changes.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the electrochromic device layer in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electrochromic device layer 105 includes a plurality of the electrochromic devices 1052, and the electrochromic devices 1052 are continuously distributed in the first direction and parallelly distributed in the second direction.
  • the lengths of a plurality of the electrochromic devices 1052 are equal to or similar to that of the side length of the display area of the display device, the first direction is the Y-axis direction in the figure, the first direction The two directions are the X-axis directions in the figure, and the electrochromic devices 1052 are continuously distributed in the first direction, that is, the electrochromic devices 1052 on one Y-axis are continuous with each other and form a whole; In the second direction, the electrochromic devices 1052 on different Y axes are parallel to each other.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of the electrochromic device layer in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electrochromic device layer 105 includes a plurality of the electrochromic devices 1052 , and the electrochromic devices 1052 are distributed in intervals in the first direction and distributed in parallel in the second direction.
  • the length of the electrochromic device 1052 is much smaller than the side length of the display area of the display device, the first direction is the Y-axis direction in the figure, and the second direction is the X-axis direction in the figure direction, the electrochromic devices 1052 are distributed at intervals in the first direction, that is, a plurality of the electrochromic devices 1052 are arranged on a Y-axis, and a gap is left between the adjacent electrochromic devices 1052 ; distributed in parallel in the second direction, that is, a plurality of the electrochromic devices 1052 on different Y axes are parallel to each other, and further, a plurality of the electrochromic devices 1052 on different Y axes are staggered and distributed, that is In any two adjacent rows of the strip-shaped devices in the second direction, the strip-shaped devices in one row at least partially cover the gap between the strip-shaped devices in the other row.
  • the electroluminescent device layer 105 includes at least two states with different transmittances.
  • the transmittance includes at least the transmittance T1 of the first transmittance state and the transmittance T2 of the second transmittance state, wherein T1>T2.
  • the transmittance of the first transmission state is greater than 70%
  • the transmittance of the second projection state is less than 40%.
  • the electrochromic device layer 105 may only include two types of transmittance.
  • the transmittance can also be continuously adjusted in the range of 20% ⁇ 80% according to the demand.
  • the material of the electrochromic device 1052 is an electrochromic material. More preferably, the material of the third electrode is a two-dimensional material of molybdenum diselenide (Mose 2), tungsten trioxide (WO 3), nickel oxide (NiO) or titanium oxide (TiO 2) at least one of the electrochromic material Prepared by sputtering, vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition.
  • Mose 2 molybdenum diselenide
  • WO 3 tungsten trioxide
  • NiO nickel oxide
  • TiO 2 titanium oxide
  • the display device includes a wide viewing angle mode and a narrow viewing angle mode.
  • the electrochromic device layer 105 is set to a first transmission state, and the The transmittance of the electrochromic device layer 105 is relatively high, and the transmittance is T1, and the light emitted by the light-emitting device layer 103 is more emitted to the outside through the electrochromic device layer 105, thereby realizing a wide viewing angle display during conventional display.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electrochromic device layer 105 is set to the second transmission state. At this time, the transmittance and reflectance of the electrochromic device layer 105 are low, and the transmittance is T2.
  • the light emitting device layer 103 emits light. Less light is emitted to the outside through the electrochromic device layer 105 , and only the outgoing light within a partial angle range can pass through the electrochromic device layer 105 , so that the viewing angle becomes lower and the effect of privacy protection is achieved. It is worth mentioning that “higher”, “lower”, “more” and “less” here are all performed by comparing the first transmission state with the second transmission state describe.
  • the spacing and height of the electrochromic device 1052 are not limited, and the spacing and height can be controlled by the viewing angle required in the narrow viewing angle mode.
  • the electrochromic device 1052 The width of 1052 is not more than 100 ⁇ m to ensure that the display effect will not be affected when facing up.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a display device, and the method for preparing a display device is used to prepare the above-mentioned display device.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the preparation method of the shown display device includes the following steps:
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for preparing an electrochromic device layer in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the preparation of the electrochromic device layer 105 in S4 includes the following steps:

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

Abstract

一种显示装置及其制备方法，显示装置包括：衬底基板（101）；电路层（102），设置于衬底基板（101）的一侧表面；发光器件层（103），设置于电路层（102）远离衬底基板（101）的一侧表面；封装层（104），包覆发光器件层（103）远离电路层（102）的一侧表面和至少一个短侧面；及电致变色器件层（105），设置于封装层（104）远离发光器件层（103）的一侧表面。

Description

显示装置及显示装置的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域，具体涉及一种显示装置及显示装置的制备方法。
 背景技术
随着社会的发展，人们对于个人隐私保护越来越重视，同时隐私泄露的危害也越来越大。目前手机可视角度基本上接近180°，在手机使用的时候，除了正视显示面的手机使用者外，其他人员同时可以从手机两侧以接近平行于手机显示面的视角清楚的看见手机显示内容。当我们在公共场合使用手机的时候，手机上的内容极易被其他人获取，特别是在信息高度发达的今天，手机的使用频率越来越高，手机上的内容越来越重要，这就导致个人隐私极易泄露。目前有采用在手机上外挂隐私保护膜的方式实现，这种方式会导致显示屏透光率降低，显示效果会有一定影响，影响非公共场合会的显示体验，同时会较大的增加手机整体厚度，也容易损坏导致使用成本增加。
 技术问题
目前的显示装置中存在因外挂隐私保护膜而导致显示屏透光率降低、影响显示效果和显示体验、增大手机整体厚度以及容易损坏增加成本等的技术问题。
 技术解决方案
本发明实施例提供一种显示装置及显示装置的制备方法，用于解决目前的显示装置中存在因外挂隐私保护膜而导致显示屏透光率降低、影响显示效果和显示体验、增大手机整体厚度以及容易损坏增加成本等的技术问题。
为解决上述问题，第一方面，本发明提供一种显示装置，包括：
衬底基板；
电路层，设置于所述衬底基板的一侧表面；
发光器件层，设置于所述电路层远离所述衬底基板的一侧表面；
封装层，包覆所述发光器件层远离所述电路层的一侧表面和至少一个短侧面；及
电致变色器件层，设置于所述封装层远离所述发光器件层的一侧表面。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述电致变色器件层包括第一电极、电致变色器件以及第二电极，所述电致变色器件分别与所述第一电极、所述第二电极电性连接。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述电致变色器件层还包括平坦层以及保护层，所述电致变色器件和所述平坦层设置于所述第一电极远离所述封装层的一侧表面，所述第二电极设置于所述平坦层远离所述第一电极的一侧表面，所述保护层设置于所述第二电极远离所述平坦层的一侧且覆盖整个所述电致变色器件层。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述电致变色器件层包括多个所述电致变色器件，所述电致变色器件在第一方向上连续分布，在第二方向上平行分布。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述电致变色器件层包括多个所述电致变色器件，所述电致变色器件在第一方向上间隔分布，在第二方向上平行分布。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述电致变色器件包括至少两种不同透射率的状态，透射率至少包括T1和T2，其中T1＞T2。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述显示装置包括广视角模式和窄视角模式，当所述显示装置为广视角模式时，所述电致变色器件的透射率为T1，当所述显示装置为窄视角模式时，所述电致变色器件的透射率为T2。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述电致变色器件的宽度不大于100μm。
第二方面，本发明提供一种显示装置的制备方法，所述制备方法用于制备如第一方面中任一所述的显示装置，包括以下步骤：
提供一衬底基板，在所述衬底基板的一侧表面制备电路层；
在所述电路层远离所述衬底基板的一侧表面制备发光器件层；
在所述发光器件层远离所述电路层的一侧表面和至少一个短侧面上制备封装层；及
在所述封装层远离所述发光器件层的一侧表面制备电致变色器件层。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述电致变色器件层包括第一电极、电致变色器件以及第二电极，所述电致变色器件分别与所述第一电极、所述第二电极电性连接。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述电致变色器件层还包括平坦层以及保护层，所述电致变色器件和所述平坦层设置于所述第一电极远离所述封装层的一侧表面，所述第二电极设置于所述平坦层远离所述第一电极的一侧表面，所述保护层设置于所述第二电极远离所述平坦层的一侧且覆盖整个所述电致变色器件层。
在本发明的一些实施例中，制备所述电致变色器件层包括：
在所述封装层远离所述发光器件层的一侧表面通过溅射形成第一电极；
在所述第一电极表面通过溅射和刻蚀形成电致变色器件；
利用光阻材料在所述电致变色器件之间制备平坦层；
在所述平坦层远离所述第一电极的一侧表面通过溅射形成第二电极；及
在所述第二电极远离所述平坦层的一侧制备保护层，所述保护层覆盖整个所述电致变色器件层。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述电致变色器件层包括多个所述电致变色器件，所述电致变色器件在第一方向上连续分布，在第二方向上平行分布。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述电致变色器件层包括多个所述电致变色器件，所述电致变色器件在第一方向上间隔分布，在第二方向上平行分布。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述电致变色器件包括至少两种不同透射率的状态，透射率至少包括T1和T2，其中T1＞T2。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述显示装置包括广视角模式和窄视角模式，当所述显示装置为广视角模式时，所述电致变色器件的透射率为T1，当所述显示装置为窄视角模式时，所述电致变色器件的透射率为T2。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述电致变色器件的宽度不大于100μm。
 有益效果
相较于现有的显示装置，本发明通过在所述显示装置内增加一层电致变色器件层，通过改变施加于所述电致变色器件层上的电场，实现所述电致变色器件层在不同透射率之间转化，从而既可以实现在广视角模式中为较高透射率，不影响显示装置正常显示，又可以实现在窄视角过程中为低透射率，降低所述显示装置的可视角度，实现隐私保护作用，两种模式灵活切换，使用场合更广泛。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一个实施例中显示装置的结构示意图；
图2为本发明一个实施例中电致变色器件层的结构示意图；
图3为本发明一个实施例中电致变色器件层的俯视图；
图4为本发明一个实施例中电致变色器件层的俯视图；
图5为本发明一个实施例中显示装置的结构示意图；
图6为本发明一个实施例中显示装置的制备方法的流程图；及
图7为本发明一个实施例中电致变色器件层的制备方法的流程图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个所述特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
目前的显示装置中存在因外挂隐私保护膜而导致显示屏透光率降低、影响显示效果和显示体验、增大手机整体厚度以及容易损坏增加成本等的技术问题。
基于此，本发明实施例中提供一种显示装置及显示装置的制备方法，以下分别进行详细说明。
首先，本发明实施例提供一种显示装置，如图1所示，图1为本发明一个实施例中显示装置的结构示意图。所述显示装置包括：衬底基板101；电路层102，设置于所述衬底基板101的一侧表面；发光器件层103，设置于所述电路层102远离所述衬底基板101的一侧表面；封装层104，包覆所述发光器件层103远离所述电路层102的一侧表面和至少一个短侧面；及电致变色器件层105，设置于所述封装层104远离所述发光器件层103的一侧表面。
相较于现有的显示装置，本发明通过在所述显示装置内增加一层电致变色器件层105，通过改变施加于所述电致变色器件层105上的电场，实现所述电致变色器件层105在不同透射率之间转化，从而既可以实现在广视角模式中所述电致变色器件层105为较高透射率，不影响显示装置正常显示，又可以实现在窄视角过程中所述电致变色器件层105为低透射率，降低所述显示装置的可视角度，实现隐私保护作用，两种模式灵活切换，使用场合更广泛。
在上述实施例的基础之上，如图2所示，图2为本发明一个实施例中电致变色器件层的结构示意图。所述电致变色器件层105包括第一电极1051、电致变色器件1052以及第二电极1054，所述电致变色器件1052分别与所述第一电极1051、所述第二电极1054电性连接。优选的，所述衬底基板101为透明基板，包括玻璃或塑料中的至少一种；所述电路层102还包括聚酰亚胺薄膜，所述聚酰亚胺薄膜具有优秀的自支撑性，可以抑制所述电路层102在加工过程中产生褶皱；所述第一电极1051为透明电极，所述第一电极1051的材料包括石墨烯或氧化铟锡，所述第一电极1051既可以是平面电极，也可以是通过刻蚀工艺后形成的图案电极。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，所述电致变色器件层105还包括平坦层1053以及保护层1055，所述电致变色器件1052和所述平坦层1053同层设置，且设置于所述第一电极1051远离所述封装层104的一侧表面，所述第二电极1054设置于所述平坦层1053远离所述第一电极1051的一侧表面，所述保护层1055设置于所述第二电极1054远离所述平坦层1053的一侧且覆盖整个所述电致变色器件层105。优选的，所述平坦层1053和所述保护层1055都是透明的绝缘材料，材料包括亚克力等。所述显示装置还包括电路引脚1056、集成电路和控制电路，所述电路引脚1056位于显示面板的边缘，所述电致变色器件1052通过所述第一电极1051、第二电极1054连接至所述控制电路，所述控制电路通过引线连接至所述电路引脚1056，进而所述电致变色器件1052的控制电路通过所述电路引脚1056连接所述集成电路。
所述电致变色器件1052在电场作用下发生电化学氧化还原反应，使所述电致变色器件1052的颜色发生变化，即所述电致变色器件1052的透射率发生变化。
当然，为了保证所述显示装置可以在广视角模式和窄视角模式之间切换，可以对所述电致变色器件1052的排布进行进一步优化。如图3所示，图3为本发明一个实施例中电致变色器件层的俯视图。所述电致变色器件层105包括多个所述电致变色器件1052，所述电致变色器件1052在第一方向上连续分布，在第二方向上平行分布。在本实施例中，多个所述电致变色器件1052长度相等或相近，与所述显示装置的显示区边长相等或相近，所述第一方向即图示中Y轴方向，所述第二方向即图示中X轴方向，所述电致变色器件1052在所述第一方向上连续分布，即在一个Y轴上的所述电致变色器件1052彼此连续，构成一个整体；在所述第二方向上平行设置，即处于不同Y轴上的多个所述电致变色器件1052彼此平行。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，如图4所示，图4为本发明一个实施例中电致变色器件层的俯视图。所述电致变色器件层105包括多个所述电致变色器件1052，所述电致变色器件1052在第一方向上间隔分布，在第二方向上平行分布。在本实施例中，所述电致变色器件1052长度远小于所述显示装置的显示区边长，所述第一方向即图示中Y轴方向，所述第二方向即图示中X轴方向，所述电致变色器件1052在第一方向上间隔分布，即在一个Y轴上设置有多个所述电致变色器件1052，相邻的所述电致变色器件1052之间留有间隙；在第二方向上平行分布，即处于不同Y轴上的多个所述电致变色器件1052彼此平行，进一步的，处于不同Y轴上的多个所述电致变色器件1052交错分布，即在第二方向上任意相邻的两行所述条形器件，其中一行的所述条形器件至少部分遮挡另一行的所述条形器件之间的间隙。
在本发明实施例中，所述电致发光器件层105包括至少两种不同透射率的状态。透射率至少包括第一透射状态的透射率T1和第二透射状态的透射率T2，其中T1＞T2。优选的，所述第一透射状态的透射大于70%，所述第二投射状态的透射率小于40%，值得一提的是，所述电致变色器件层105可以仅包括两种透射率的状态，也可以根据需求透射率在20%~80%的范围内连续可调节。
优选的，要实现所述电致变色器件层105的透射率在20%~80%的范围内连续可调，所述电致变色器件1052的材料为电致变色材料，更优选的，所述第三电极的材料为二维材料二硒化钼（Mose 2）、三氧化钨（WO 3）、氧化镍（NiO）或二氧化钛（TiO ₂）中的至少一种，所述电致变色材料可通过溅射镀膜、蒸镀镀膜或化学气相沉积等方法制备。
所述显示装置包括广视角模式和窄视角模式，当所述显示装置为广视角模式时，如图1所示，所述电致变色器件层105设置为第一透射状态，此时所述电致变色器件层105的透射率较高，透射率为T1，所述发光器件层103发射的光线较多地通过所述电致变色器件层105出射到外部，从而实现常规显示时的广视角显示；当所述显示装置为窄视角模式时，如图5所示，图5为本发明一个实施例中显示装置的结构示意图。所述电致变色器件层105设置为第二透射状态，此时所述电致变色器件层105的透射率较低，反射率也较低，透射率为T2，所述发光器件层103发射的光线较少地通过所述电致变色器件层105出射到外部，仅满足部分角度范围内的出射光才能通过所述电致变色器件层105，从而可视角度变低，实现隐私保护的作用。值得一提的是，此处的“较高”、“较低”、“较多”、“较少”，均是将所述第一透射状态与所述第二透射状态进行对比所进行的描述。
在本发明实施例中，并未限定所述电致变色器件1052的间距和高度，所述间距和高度可以通过窄视角模式中所需的可视角度控制，优选的，所述电致变色器件1052的宽度不大于100μm，以保证正视的时候不会影响显示效果。
为了更好地得到本发明实施例中显示装置，在所述显示装置的基础之上，本发明实施例中还提供一种显示装置的制备方法，所述显示装置的制备方法用于制备如上述实施例中所述的显示装置。
如图6所示，图6为本发明一个实施例中显示装置的制备方法的流程图。所示显示装置的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、提供一衬底基板101，在所述衬底基板101的一侧表面制备电路层102；
S2、在所述电路层102远离所述衬底基板101的一侧表面制备发光器件层103；
S3、在所述发光器件层103远离所述电路层102的一侧表面和至少一个短侧面上制备封装层104；及
S4、在所述封装层104远离所述发光器件层103的一侧表面制备电致变色器件层105。
具体的，如图7  本发明一个实施例中电致变色器件层的制备方法的流程图。S4中制备所述电致变色器件层105包括以下步骤：
S401、在所述封装层104远离所述发光器件层103的一侧表面通过溅射形成第一电极1051；
S402、在所述第一电极1051表面通过溅射和刻蚀形成电致变色器件1052；
S403、利用光阻材料在所述电致变色器件1052之间制备平坦层1053；
S404、在所述平坦层1053远离所述第一电极1051的一侧表面通过溅射形成第二电极1054；及
S405、在所述第二电极1054远离所述平坦层1053的一侧制备保护层1055，所述保护层1055覆盖整个所述电致变色器件层105。
在上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述的部分，可以参见上文针对其他实施例的详细描述，此处不再赘述。具体实施时，以上各个单元或结构可以作为独立的实体来实现，也可以进行任意组合，作为同一或若干个实体来实现，以上各个单元、结构或操作的具体实施可参见前面的方法实施例，在此不再赘述。
以上对本发明实施例进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种显示装置，包括：
    衬底基板；
    电路层，设置于所述衬底基板的一侧表面；
    发光器件层，设置于所述电路层远离所述衬底基板的一侧表面；
    封装层，包覆所述发光器件层远离所述电路层的一侧表面和至少一个短侧面；及
    电致变色器件层，设置于所述封装层远离所述发光器件层的一侧表面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其中，所述电致变色器件层包括第一电极、电致变色器件以及第二电极，所述电致变色器件分别与所述第一电极、所述第二电极电性连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其中，所述电致变色器件层还包括平坦层以及保护层，所述电致变色器件和所述平坦层设置于所述第一电极远离所述封装层的一侧表面，所述第二电极设置于所述平坦层远离所述第一电极的一侧表面，所述保护层设置于所述第二电极远离所述平坦层的一侧且覆盖整个所述电致变色器件层。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其中，所述电致变色器件层包括多个所述电致变色器件，所述电致变色器件在第一方向上连续分布，在第二方向上平行分布。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其中，所述电致变色器件层包括多个所述电致变色器件，所述电致变色器件在第一方向上间隔分布，在第二方向上平行分布。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其中，所述电致变色器件包括至少两种不同透射率的状态，透射率至少包括T1和T2，其中T1＞T2。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示装置包括广视角模式和窄视角模式，当所述显示装置为广视角模式时，所述电致变色器件的透射率为T1，当所述显示装置为窄视角模式时，所述电致变色器件的透射率为T2。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其中，所述电致变色器件的宽度不大于100μm。
  9. 一种显示装置的制备方法，包括：
    提供一衬底基板，在所述衬底基板的一侧表面制备电路层；
    在所述电路层远离所述衬底基板的一侧表面制备发光器件层；
    在所述发光器件层远离所述电路层的一侧表面和至少一个短侧面上制备封装层；及
    在所述封装层远离所述发光器件层的一侧表面制备电致变色器件层，得到所述显示装置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的制备方法，其中，所述电致变色器件层包括第一电极、电致变色器件以及第二电极，所述电致变色器件分别与所述第一电极、所述第二电极电性连接。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的制备方法，其中，所述电致变色器件层还包括平坦层以及保护层，所述电致变色器件和所述平坦层设置于所述第一电极远离所述封装层的一侧表面，所述第二电极设置于所述平坦层远离所述第一电极的一侧表面，所述保护层设置于所述第二电极远离所述平坦层的一侧且覆盖整个所述电致变色器件层。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的制备方法，其中，制备所述电致变色器件层包括：
    在所述封装层远离所述发光器件层的一侧表面通过溅射形成第一电极；
    在所述第一电极表面通过溅射和刻蚀形成电致变色器件；
    利用光阻材料在所述电致变色器件之间制备平坦层；
    在所述平坦层远离所述第一电极的一侧表面通过溅射形成第二电极；及
    在所述第二电极远离所述平坦层的一侧制备保护层，所述保护层覆盖整个所述电致变色器件层。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的制备方法，其中，所述电致变色器件层包括多个所述电致变色器件，所述电致变色器件在第一方向上连续分布，在第二方向上平行分布。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的制备方法，其中，所述电致变色器件层包括多个所述电致变色器件，所述电致变色器件在第一方向上间隔分布，在第二方向上平行分布。
  15. 根据权利要求10所述的制备方法，其中，所述电致变色器件包括至少两种不同透射率的状态，透射率至少包括T1和T2，其中T1＞T2。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的制备方法，其中，所述显示装置包括广视角模式和窄视角模式，当所述显示装置为广视角模式时，所述电致变色器件的透射率为T1，当所述显示装置为窄视角模式时，所述电致变色器件的透射率为T2。
  17. 根据权利要求10所述的制备方法，其中，所述电致变色器件的宽度不大于100μm。
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