WO2022001841A1 - 一种基于多梯度回波序列的双模态磁共振测温方法 - Google Patents

一种基于多梯度回波序列的双模态磁共振测温方法 Download PDF

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WO2022001841A1
WO2022001841A1 PCT/CN2021/102229 CN2021102229W WO2022001841A1 WO 2022001841 A1 WO2022001841 A1 WO 2022001841A1 CN 2021102229 W CN2021102229 W CN 2021102229W WO 2022001841 A1 WO2022001841 A1 WO 2022001841A1
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magnetic resonance
echo
heating
temperature
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曹鹏
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杭州佳量医疗科技有限公司
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  • the invention relates to magnetic resonance imaging technology, in particular to a dual-mode magnetic resonance temperature measurement method based on a multi-gradient echo sequence.
  • Real-time magnetic resonance temperature imaging can achieve non-invasive, rapid and accurate temperature measurement of human tissue, and is mainly used in real-time temperature detection in minimally invasive surgery such as thermal ablation of tumor tissue to determine whether the temperature reaches an ideal value and the spatial distribution of temperature, thereby helping to distinguish microscopic Intraoperative risks such as invasive surgical effects and early warning of local hyperthermia.
  • Gradient echo magnetic resonance sequence (GRE, or other deformation sequence) is the mainstream technology of magnetic resonance temperature imaging method, mainly used for magnetic resonance temperature imaging based on proton resonance frequency shift (PRF, proton resonance frequency).
  • Proton resonance frequency-shifted magnetic resonance temperature imaging is currently the mainstream imaging technology for magnetic resonance temperature imaging because of its good spatiotemporal resolution, high sensitivity and accuracy at high fields, and near-linear sensitivity to higher temperatures.
  • the method mainly collects spatial phase images through gradient echo magnetic resonance sequences, and collects phase images before and during heating, respectively, and calculates the temperature image by calculating the difference between the phase images (phase difference image for short).
  • CN102258362A discloses a method for reducing magnetic resonance temperature measurement error, a high-intensity focused ultrasound device used for magnetic resonance imaging monitoring, the method includes: before the high-intensity focused ultrasound device heats the heating area , obtain a magnetic resonance phase image as a reference image; during or after the heating of the high-intensity focused ultrasound equipment, obtain another magnetic resonance phase image as a heating image; calculate the heating area according to the heating image and the reference image. temperature change; the method further includes: measuring the magnetic field change caused by the position change of the ultrasonic transducer of the high-intensity focused ultrasound device, and compensating for the temperature change according to the magnetic field change.
  • CN107468251A discloses a low-field magnetic resonance temperature imaging phase drift correction method, which is applied to monitor the area of the heating area and the accurate temperature change value.
  • GRE sequence or SPGR sequence Before ablation, use GRE sequence or SPGR sequence to acquire a magnetic resonance image as a reference image; acquire another magnetic resonance image during MW ablation or after ablation as a heating image; select the simulated heating area and unobstructed heating image in the heating image. heating the area; using the first-order polynomial model of the weighted least squares method to fit the phase change in the heating area not caused by the temperature change according to the phase drift of the unheated area; calculating the temperature difference value according to the phase difference value; The phase difference map and the temperature difference map were used to obtain the area of the heated area.
  • multi-gradient-echo magnetic resonance sequences have been introduced into magnetic resonance temperature imaging.
  • the accuracy of magnetic resonance temperature imaging has been improved to a certain extent.
  • the main disadvantage of magnetic resonance temperature imaging based on the phase method is that the phase difference map is also affected by non-temperature factors, such as the offset of the main magnetic field, and there is a certain risk of measurement deviation.
  • the multi-gradient echo magnetic resonance sequence can obtain the phase map and the amplitude map at the same time, while the traditional magnetic resonance temperature imaging often discards the amplitude map, only uses the phase map, and does not fully utilize the temperature information in the amplitude map.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to disclose a dual-mode magnetic resonance temperature measurement method based on multi-gradient echo sequences. imaging to further improve the accuracy of magnetic resonance temperature imaging.
  • a dual-mode magnetic resonance temperature measurement method based on a multi-gradient echo sequence comprising the following steps:
  • step (2) According to step (2) and ⁇ T(M) in step (4) to judge the final temperature change ⁇ T of each pixel point or issue an error warning.
  • step (1) before heating, scan the multi-gradient echo magnetic resonance sequence for 5-10 frames, the number of echoes is N, N ⁇ 2; The phase and amplitude maps of the echoes were averaged as the phase and amplitude maps of each echo before heating.
  • the sequence repetition time (TR) should be as long as possible, eg, greater than 200 ms, and the flip angle should be as small as possible, eg, less than 5 degrees, so as to eliminate the T1 effect.
  • the first echo time should be as short as possible, for example, within 2ms, and the second echo time should be as close to the time constant T2 * as possible , so as to improve the step ( 3) The estimation accuracy of the signal strength M.
  • step (2) calculate the temperature change of each pixel on the phase map before and after heating
  • the method is:
  • a phase correction technique may be used to improve the accuracy of phase estimation.
  • step (3) the method for calculating the signal intensity M when each pixel point TE is 0 is: according to the formula
  • the nonlinear least squares method is used to fit the above formula, and M is obtained, where S(TE(i)) is the signal intensity of the amplitude map of the ith echo at the pixel point, is the significant transverse relaxation time.
  • step (4) the temperature change ⁇ T(M) is based on Among them, T 0 is the actual temperature of the tissue before heating, and M 0 is the signal intensity of the amplitude map before heating.
  • step (5) The acceptable range of the difference between ⁇ T(M) and ⁇ T(M) can be flexibly adjusted according to the experimental accuracy requirements.
  • step (5) if the final demand is that the temperature reaches a certain range rather than a precise value, you can set and ⁇ T(M) must both be in this range to meet temperature requirements.
  • This method uses the same sequence to generate two modal temperature images, so as to achieve mutual correction and improve the accuracy of temperature measurement.
  • Fig. 1 is the flow chart of magnetic resonance temperature dual-modal imaging data acquisition and real-time temperature calculation based on multi-gradient echo;
  • Fig. 2 is the flow chart of calculating the temperature change before and after heating based on the multi-gradient echo sequence amplitude map
  • Figure 3 is a logic diagram of the mutual fusion of dual-modal temperature imaging.
  • N the number of echoes is N, and N needs to be greater than or equal to 2.
  • phase map and amplitude map of each echo obtained by scanning the multi-gradient echo magnetic resonance sequence before heating are averaged as the phase map and amplitude map of each echo before heating.
  • step 12 determines the temperature change in this area
  • step 12 if step 12 is not satisfied, a measurement error is issued, and a scan instruction is terminated.
  • step 13 determines whether the temperature change ⁇ T in the area meets the requirement for terminating the scan.
  • step 15 As shown in Fig. 3, if step 15 is satisfied, issue a termination scan instruction.

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Abstract

一种基于多梯度回波序列的双模态磁共振测温方法：通过多梯度回波磁共振序列采集加热前和加热中的磁共振信号，同时保留每个回波的相位图和幅度图（1）；根据加热前和加热中不同回波的相位图，计算相位图上每个像素点加热前后的温度变化∆T(∅)（2）；根据加热中不同回波的幅度图，计算每个像素点TE为0时的信号强度（3）；根据加热前的幅度图的信号强度和每个像素点TE为0时的信号强度计算每个像素点基于幅度值的温度变化ΔT(M)（4）；根据∆T(∅)和ΔT(M)判断每个像素点的最终实际温度T或发出错误警告（5）。测温方法通过对多梯度回波磁共振温度成像中幅度图和相位图的同步使用，从而实现双模态温度成像，进一步提高磁共振温度成像的准确率。

Description

一种基于多梯度回波序列的双模态磁共振测温方法 技术领域
本发明涉及磁共振成像技术，特别涉及一种基于多梯度回波序列的双模态磁共振测温方法。
背景技术
实时磁共振温度成像可以实现对人体组织无创、快速、准确的温度测量，主要应用于肿瘤组织热消融等微创手术的实时温度检测，判断温度是否达到理想值以及温度空间分布，从而帮助判别微创手术效果以及预警局部温度过高等术中危险。
梯度回波磁共振序列(GRE，或其他变形序列)是磁共振温度成像方法的主流技术，主要用于基于质子共振频率偏移(PRF,proton resonance frequency)的磁共振温度成像。质子共振频率偏移磁共振温度成像，因为有较好的时空分辨率、高场下较高的灵敏度和准确度、以及对较高温度的近线性敏感，是目前磁共振温度成像的主流成像技术。该方法主要通过梯度回波磁共振序列采集空间相位图像，并分别在加热前和加热中采集相位图，通过计算相位图之间的差异(简称相位差图)，从而计算得到温度图像。如公开号为CN102258362A的中国专利公开了一种减少磁共振温度测量误差的方法，用于磁共振成像监控的高强度聚焦超声设备，该方法包括：在高强度聚焦超声设备对加热区域进行加热之前，获取一幅磁共振相位图，作为参考像；在高强度聚焦超声设备加热中或加热之后，获取另一幅磁共振相位图，作为加热像；根据所述加热像和参考像计算加热区域的温度变 化；该方法还包括：测量所述高强度聚焦超声设备的超声换能器位置变化所引起的磁场变化，并根据所述磁场变化对所述温度变化进行补偿。如公开号为CN107468251A的中国专利公开了一种低场磁共振温度成像相位漂移的校正方法，应用于监测加热区域的面积和准确的温度变化值，该方法包括：在微波消融仪对目标区域进行消融前，使用GRE序列或SPGR序列采集一幅磁共振图像，作为参考图像；在MW消融时或消融后采集另一幅磁共振图像，作为加热图像；在加热图像中选取模拟的加热区域和未加热区域；根据所述未加热区域的相位漂移使用加权最小二乘法的一阶多项式模型拟合出加热区域内非温度变化引起的相位变化；根据所述相位差值计算出温度差值；根据所述相位差图和温度差图得到加热区域的面积。
近年来，多梯度回波磁共振序列(传统序列为单回波)被引入磁共振温度成像，通过收集多个回波的相位图，从而一定程度提高了磁共振温度成像的准确度。基于相位方法的磁共振温度成像主要弊端在于，相位差图同时受非温度因素的影响，例如主磁场的偏移等，存在一定的测量偏差风险。同时，多梯度回波磁共振序列可以同时得到相位图和幅度图，而传统磁共振温度成像往往舍弃幅度图，仅仅使用相位图，没有完全利用幅度图中的温度信息。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于公开一种基于多梯度回波序列的双模态磁共振测温方法，通过对多梯度回波磁共振温度成像中幅度图和相位图的同步使用，从而实现双模态温度成像，进一步提高磁共振温度成像的准确率。
本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种基于多梯度回波序列的双模态磁共振测温方法，所述方法包括以 下步骤：
(1)通过多梯度回波磁共振序列采集加热前和加热中的磁共振信号，同时保留每个回波的相位图和幅度图；
(2)根据加热前和加热中不同回波的相位图，计算相位图上每个像素点加热前后的温度变化
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000001
(3)根据加热中不同回波的幅度图，计算每个像素点TE为0时的信号强度M；
(4)根据加热前的幅度图的信号强度和步骤(3)中的信号强度M计算每个像素点基于幅度值的温度变化ΔT(M)；
(5)根据步骤(2)中的
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000002
和步骤(4)中的ΔT(M)判断每个像素点的最终温度变化ΔT或发出错误警告。
在步骤(1)中，在加热之前，扫描多梯度回波磁共振序列5–10帧，回波个数为N，N≥2；将加热前多梯度回波磁共振序列扫描所得的每个回波的相位图和幅度图平均，作为加热前的每个回波的相位图和幅度图。
优选的，在步骤(1)中，序列重复时间(TR)应该尽量长，例如大于200ms，翻转角应该尽量小，例如小于5度，从而消除T1效应。
优选的，在步骤(1)中，如果采用两个回波，第一个回波时间应该尽量短，例如2ms以内，第二个回波时间应该尽量接近于时间常数T2 *，从而提高步骤(3)的信号强度M的估计准确度。
在步骤(2)中，计算相位图上每个像素点加热前后的温度变化
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000003
的方法为：
(2-1)根据公式
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000004
计算出每个回波的温度变化ΔT(i)，其中，γ表示氢质子的旋磁比，B 0表示静磁场强度，TE(i)表示第i个回波的回波时间，α表示氢质子温度频率系数，
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000005
为每个像素点 每个回波的加热前后的相位差；
(2-2)通过
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000006
得到每个像素点基于相位图的加热前后温度变化
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000007
优选的，在步骤(2)中，可以采用相位矫正技术，提高相位估计的准确度。
在步骤(3)中，计算每个像素点TE为0时的信号强度M的方法为：根据公式
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000008
采用非线性最小平方和方法拟合上述公式，得到M，其中，S(TE(i))是该像素点在第i个回波的幅度图的信号强度，
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000009
是显著横向弛豫时间。
在步骤(4)中，温度变化ΔT(M)根据
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000010
其中，T 0是加热前的组织实际温度，M 0为加热前幅度图的信号强度。
在步骤(5)中，若
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000011
和ΔT(M)差值绝对值小于5度，最终ΔT采用
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000012
最终组织实际温度T为T＝ΔT+T 0，否则发出测量错误警告。
其中，在步骤(5)中，
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000013
和ΔT(M)差值接受范围可以根据实验精度要求灵活调整。
其中，在步骤(5)中，如果最终需求是温度达到某个范围而非精确值，可以设定
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000014
和ΔT(M)必须同时在该范围才能满足温度需求。
对比现有技术，本发明的主要优点是：
(1)现有技术中，往往只采用多梯度回波的相位图，而舍弃幅度图，浪费了磁共振信号中的温度信息。本方法通过合理计算幅度图，从信号幅度中估计出温度信息。
(2)本方法采用同一个序列，产生两个模态的温度图像，从而实现相互矫正、提高温度测量准确度的目的。
附图说明
图1为基于多梯度回波的磁共振温度双模态成像数据采集和实时温度计算流程图；
图2为基于多梯度回波序列幅度图计算加热前后温度变化流程图；
图3为双模态温度成像相互融合逻辑图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例(例如头部成像)对本发明进一步详细说明。
1.如图1所示，首先扫描定位像及必要的结构像等。
2.如图1所示，在加热之前，提前扫描多梯度回波磁共振序列5–10帧，回波个数为N，N需要大于等于2。
3.如图1所示，将加热前多梯度回波磁共振序列扫描所得的每个回波的相位图和幅度图平均，作为加热前的每个回波的相位图和幅度图。
4.如图1所示，打开加热装置，开始收集加热中的多梯度回波磁共振序列。
5.如图1所示，实时传输加热中多梯度回波磁共振扫描的相位图和幅度图。
6.如图1所示，计算每个像素点每个回波的加热前后的相位差
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000015
其中i为第i个回波，从1开始到N，
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000016
为加热前第i个回波的相位，
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000017
为加热后第i个回波的相位。
7.如图1所示，根据公式
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000018
算出每个回波的温度变化ΔT(i)，其中，γ表示氢质子的旋磁比，B 0表示静磁场强度，TE(i)表示第i个回波的回波时间，α表示氢质子温度频率系数。
8.如图1所示，通过
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000019
得到每个像素点基于相位图的加热前后温度变化
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000020
9.如图2所示，根据公式
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000021
采用非线性最小平方和方法拟合上述公式，得到加热前每个像素点的信号强度M 0。其中，S(TE(i))是该像素点在加热前第i个回波的幅度图的信号强度，
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000022
是显著横向弛豫时间，
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000023
和M 0为拟合参数。
10.如图2所示，根据公式
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000024
采用非线性最小平方和方法拟合上述公式，得到加热中每个像素点的信号强度M。其中，S(TE(i))是该像素点在加热中第i个回波的幅度图的信号强度，
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000025
是显著横向弛豫时间，
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000026
和M 0为拟合参数。
11.如图2所示，根据公式
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000027
计算基于幅度图的加热前后温度变化ΔT(M)，其中，T 0是加热前的组织实际温度(单位开尔文)，M和M 0分别是步骤10-11计算出的加热中以及加热前的信号强度。
12.如图3所示，判定感兴趣区域的
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000028
是否满足。
13.如图3所示，如步骤12满足，判定该区域的温度变化
Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-000029
实际温度T为T＝ΔT+T 0。
14.如图3所示，如步骤12不满足，发出测量错误、终止扫描指令。
15.如图3所示，如步骤13完成，判定该区域的温度变化ΔT是否达到终止扫描要求。
16.如图3所示，如步骤15满足，发出终止扫描指令。
17.如图1和图3所示，若未收到终止扫描指令，继续扫描下一帧多梯度回波磁共振序列。
18.如图1所示，重复步骤5-17。
以上所述的具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案和有益效果进行了详细说明，应理解的是以上所述仅为本发明的最优选实施例，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的原则范围内所做的任何修改、补充和等同替换等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种基于多梯度回波序列的双模态磁共振测温方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
    (1)通过多梯度回波磁共振序列采集加热前和加热中的磁共振信号，同时保留每个回波的相位图和幅度图；
    (2)根据加热前和加热中不同回波的相位图，计算相位图上每个像素点加热前后的温度变化
    Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-100001
    (3)根据加热中不同回波的幅度图，计算每个像素点TE为0时的信号强度；
    (4)根据加热前的幅度图的信号强度和步骤(3)中的信号强度计算每个像素点基于幅度值的温度变化ΔT(M)；
    (5)根据步骤(2)中的
    Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-100002
    和步骤(4)中的ΔT(M)判断每个像素点的最终实际温度T或发出错误警告。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多梯度回波序列的双模态磁共振测温方法，其特征在于，在步骤(1)中，在加热之前，扫描多梯度回波磁共振序列5–10帧，回波个数为N，N≥2；将加热前多梯度回波磁共振序列扫描所得的每个回波的相位图和幅度图平均，作为加热前的每个回波的相位图和幅度图。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多梯度回波序列的双模态磁共振测温方法，其特征在于，在步骤(1)中，序列重复时间TR＞200ms，翻转角＜5度。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多梯度回波序列的双模态磁共振测温方法，其特征在于，在步骤(1)中，采用两个回波，第一个回波时间在2ms以内，第二个回波时间接近于时间常数T2 *。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多梯度回波序列的双模态磁共振测温方法，其特征在于，在步骤(2)中，计算相位图上每个像素点加热前后的温度变化
    Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-100003
    的 方法为：
    (2-1)根据公式
    Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-100004
    计算出每个回波的温度变化ΔT(i)，其中，γ表示氢质子的旋磁比，B 0表示静磁场强度，TE(i)表示第i个回波的回波时间，α表示氢质子温度频率系数，
    Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-100005
    为每个像素点每个回波的加热前后的相位差；
    (2-2)通过
    Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-100006
    得到每个像素点基于相位图的加热前后温度变化
    Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-100007
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多梯度回波序列的双模态磁共振测温方法，其特征在于，在步骤(3)中，计算每个像素点TE为0时的信号强度M的方法为：根据公式
    Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-100008
    采用非线性最小平方和方法拟合上述公式，得到M，其中，S(TE(i))是该像素点在第i个回波的幅度图的信号强度，
    Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-100009
    是显著横向弛豫时间。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多梯度回波序列的双模态磁共振测温方法，其特征在于，在步骤(4)中，温度变化ΔT(M)根据
    Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-100010
    其中，T 0是加热前的组织实际温度，M 0为加热前幅度图的信号强度。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多梯度回波序列的双模态磁共振测温方法，其特征在于，在步骤(5)中，若
    Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-100011
    和ΔT(M)差值绝对值小于5度，最终ΔT采用
    Figure PCTCN2021102229-appb-100012
    最终温度T为T＝ΔT+T 0，否则发出测量错误警告。
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