WO2022001674A1 - 用于微型智能传感器的通信系统、方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于微型智能传感器的通信系统、方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022001674A1
WO2022001674A1 PCT/CN2021/100488 CN2021100488W WO2022001674A1 WO 2022001674 A1 WO2022001674 A1 WO 2022001674A1 CN 2021100488 W CN2021100488 W CN 2021100488W WO 2022001674 A1 WO2022001674 A1 WO 2022001674A1
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gateway
sensor
power
data
communication
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PCT/CN2021/100488
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李鹏
尹旭
田兵
郭敏
王志明
刘仲
孙宏棣
赵继光
李立浧
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南方电网数字电网研究院有限公司
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Priority to US18/013,041 priority Critical patent/US20230247388A1/en
Publication of WO2022001674A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022001674A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/38—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/08—Protocols for interworking; Protocol conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/16—Gateway arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of the Internet of Things, and in particular, to a communication system, method, apparatus, computer device and storage medium applied to a miniature smart sensor.
  • miniature smart sensors have the advantages of small size, light weight, large dynamic range, high measurement accuracy, wide frequency band response, etc. Advantages, and the high and low voltage are completely isolated, there is no risk of open circuit and high voltage on the low pressure side, high safety, no iron core, can eliminate the problem of magnetic saturation, strong anti-electromagnetic interference performance for data transmission, oil-free structure, not due to oil filling Bringing potential flammable and explosive risks. Based on the above advantages, miniature smart sensors have the potential to replace traditional transformers.
  • the power miniature smart sensor network using miniature smart sensors has encountered two obstacles in the development process.
  • the devices that detect and sense the power environment in the traditional power grid usually obtain working power from the power distribution room, and communicate with the power gateway through wired links.
  • the miniature smart sensor adopts the traditional energy acquisition and communication methods, it is easy to cause The volume of the power supply module and the communication module is increased, and the communication power consumption is large, and the battery needs to be replaced frequently, which is inconvenient for operation and maintenance.
  • the compatibility of data communication is poor, and it cannot be connected and integrated with the automation equipment in the substation.
  • the traditional IoT gateway is connected to the Internet through the HTTP protocol, and remote users can log in to the IoT gateway and monitor the sensors and other devices through the web page.
  • this communication mode requires the client to obtain gateway data through continuous polling. , low efficiency and poor real-time performance.
  • the HTTP protocol has a large overhead and is not suitable for low-bandwidth and high-latency IoT communication scenarios.
  • the communication technology currently applied to the miniature smart sensor has the problems of high power consumption, poor real-time performance and low efficiency.
  • a communication system for a miniature smart sensor comprising a sensor, a power gateway and a power Internet of Things server;
  • the sensor for acquiring sensor data, and sending the sensor data to the power gateway according to the Bluetooth communication protocol;
  • the power gateway is used for receiving the sensor data, and performing protocol conversion on the sensor data to obtain protocol conversion data;
  • the protocol conversion data is adapted to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol; according to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol , sending the protocol conversion data to the power Internet of Things server;
  • the power Internet of Things server is configured to receive the protocol conversion data, and obtain the server reception data of the power Internet of Things server according to the protocol conversion data.
  • the sensor is further configured to enter an initialization state when the communication system is started, so as to perform an initialization operation on the sensor; when the initialization operation is completed, the initialization state transitions to A standby state for the sensor to wait for a broadcast communication instruction; when receiving the broadcast communication instruction, the standby state is converted to a broadcast state for the sensor to establish a data communication connection with the power gateway; when all the When the sensor and the power gateway establish the data communication connection, the broadcast state is converted to the connection state for the sensor and the power gateway to perform the data communication; when the data communication is idle, the The connected state returns to the standby state.
  • the senor is further configured to send a broadcast packet on a preset broadcast channel according to a preset broadcast time interval when the standby state transitions to the broadcast state;
  • the broadcast time Intervals include fixed time intervals and pseudo-random time intervals;
  • the power gateway is further configured to scan the broadcast channel according to a preset scanning time interval, and identify the broadcast packet sent by the sensor.
  • the senor is further configured to send a read-write characteristic value request to the power gateway when the broadcast state transitions to the connection state;
  • the power gateway is further configured to obtain a characteristic value according to the read and write characteristic value request when receiving the read and write characteristic value request, and feed back the characteristic value to the sensor.
  • the power gateway is further configured to acquire a characteristic value and send the characteristic value to the sensor when the sensor transitions from the broadcast state to the connection state.
  • the power gateway is further configured to perform a gateway initialization operation; when receiving a gateway parameter setting instruction sent by a user, perform gateway parameter setting of the power gateway according to the gateway parameter setting instruction; when When receiving the tag read/write instruction sent by the user, determine the sensor corresponding to the tag read/write instruction, and obtain a target sensor for the power gateway to establish a data communication connection with the target sensor, and according to the tag read/write instruction Perform read and write operations on the target sensor; if the gateway parameter setting instructions and the label read and write instructions are not received, or the gateway parameter settings and the read and write operations are completed, the scan time interval is preset according to the The broadcast channel is scanned to identify the broadcast packet sent by the sensor.
  • the gateway initialization operation includes a server connection initialization operation and a sensor connection initialization operation; the power gateway is further configured to perform the server connection initialization operation, so that the power gateway can communicate with the power object
  • the networking server establishes a data communication connection and logs in to the power Internet of Things server; the power gateway is further configured to perform the sensor connection initialization operation, so that the power gateway scans the broadcast packet sent by the sensor, or A data communication connection is established with the sensor.
  • the power gateway is further configured to obtain the gateway login password of the power gateway when receiving the gateway parameter setting instruction, and verify the gateway login password; if the verification is passed, Then according to the gateway parameter setting instruction, obtain the gateway parameter setting value of the power gateway, and determine whether the gateway parameter setting value is legal; if so, update the gateway parameter according to the gateway parameter setting value, and return to update success logo.
  • a communication method for a miniature smart sensor comprising:
  • the protocol conversion data is adapted to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol
  • the protocol conversion data is sent to the electric power Internet of Things server, so that the electric power Internet of things server receives the protocol conversion data, and obtains the electric power Internet of things server according to the protocol conversion data server to receive data.
  • the method further includes:
  • the broadcast channel is scanned according to the preset scan time interval to identify the sensor the broadcast packet sent.
  • a communication device for a miniature smart sensor comprising:
  • the receiving module is used to receive the sensor data sent by the sensor according to the Bluetooth communication protocol
  • protocol conversion module for performing protocol conversion on the sensor data to obtain protocol conversion data;
  • protocol conversion data is adapted to a message queue telemetry transmission protocol;
  • the sending module is configured to send the protocol conversion data to the power Internet of Things server according to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol, so that the power Internet of Things server can receive the protocol conversion data, and obtain the obtained data according to the protocol conversion data.
  • the server of the power Internet of Things server receives the data.
  • a computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the following steps when executing the computer program:
  • the protocol conversion data is adapted to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol
  • the protocol conversion data is sent to the electric power Internet of Things server, so that the electric power Internet of things server receives the protocol conversion data, and obtains the electric power Internet of things server according to the protocol conversion data server to receive data.
  • the protocol conversion data is adapted to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol
  • the protocol conversion data is sent to the electric power Internet of Things server, so that the electric power Internet of things server receives the protocol conversion data, and obtains the electric power Internet of things server according to the protocol conversion data server to receive data.
  • the above-mentioned communication system, method, device, computer equipment and storage medium for miniature smart sensors obtain sensor data through the sensor, and send the sensor data to the power gateway according to the Bluetooth communication protocol, so that the power consumption of communication between the sensor and the power gateway can be reduced.
  • the power gateway receives the sensor data, performs protocol conversion on the sensor data, obtains the protocol conversion data, and sends the protocol conversion data to the power Internet of Things server according to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol, which can enable the power gateway and the power Internet of Things server communication
  • the efficiency is improved and the delay is reduced
  • the power Internet of Things server receives the protocol conversion data, and obtains the received data of the power Internet of Things server according to the protocol conversion data, which can make the communication system applied to the miniature smart sensor have low power consumption, low delay and Higher transmission efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of a communication system for a miniature smart sensor in one embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a communication system for a miniature smart sensor in one embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a communication state and a communication mode of a communication system in one embodiment
  • connection state data communication process 4 is a schematic diagram of a connection state data communication process in one embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method for a power gateway in one embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method for a power gateway in another embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a structural block diagram of a communication device for a miniature smart sensor in one embodiment
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram of the internal structure of a computer device in one embodiment.
  • a communication system 100 for miniature smart sensors is provided, which can be applied to a smart grid.
  • the communication system 100 specifically includes a sensor 102 , a power gateway 104 and a power IoT server 106.
  • the senor 102 can be, but is not limited to, various miniature smart sensors and low-power consumption sensing devices that detect and sense the power environment of the substation.
  • the sensor 102 can be a voltage sensor, a humidity sensor, a voltage sensor deployed in the substation and current sensor.
  • the power gateway 104 may be, but is not limited to, a smart power gateway.
  • the power IoT server 106 can be, but is not limited to, a cloud server, and can be implemented by an independent server or a server cluster composed of multiple servers.
  • the sensor 102 is used for acquiring sensor data and sending the sensor data to the power gateway 104 according to the Bluetooth communication protocol.
  • the sensor data are various data detected and sensed by the sensor 102 .
  • the senor 102 and the power gateway 104 can use low-power bluetooth to communicate, and the miniature smart sensor and the low-power sensor device send the sensor data to the power gateway 104 through bluetooth after detecting or sensing the sensor data.
  • the power gateway 104 can also send the data in the gateway to the sensor 102 through Bluetooth, and the above-mentioned Bluetooth communication is implemented based on the Bluetooth communication protocol.
  • the power gateway 104 is used for receiving sensor data, and performing protocol conversion on the sensor data to obtain protocol conversion data; the protocol conversion data is adapted to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol; according to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol, the protocol conversion data is sent to the power Internet of Things server 106.
  • the power gateway 104 and the power Internet of Things server 106 can communicate according to the MQTT protocol (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport, message queue telemetry transmission protocol).
  • the power gateway 104 can be provided with a low-power Bluetooth access layer, protocol Switching the control layer and the wide area access layer, the power gateway 104 can access the sensor 102 through the Bluetooth low energy access layer, and the power IoT server 106 through the wide area access layer.
  • the power gateway 104 After receiving the sensor data through the Bluetooth low energy access layer, the power gateway 104 can perform protocol conversion on the sensor data through the protocol conversion control layer to obtain protocol conversion data.
  • the protocol conversion data matches the MQTT protocol. protocol, and the protocol conversion data is transmitted to the power IoT server 106 through the wide area access layer.
  • the power IoT server 106 can also transmit the data in the server to the power gateway 104 .
  • the power Internet of Things server 106 is configured to receive the protocol conversion data, and obtain the server reception data of the power Internet of Things server 106 according to the protocol conversion data.
  • the power Internet of Things server 106 can use the network cable, Wi-Fi, GPRS (General packet radio service, general wireless packet service) or NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things, narrowband Internet of Things) ) and other networking methods, receive the protocol conversion data sent by the power gateway 104, use the received protocol conversion data as server reception data, and provide the power IoT server 106 for subsequent data processing.
  • Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
  • GPRS General packet radio service, general wireless packet service
  • NB-IoT Near Band Internet of Things, narrowband Internet of Things
  • a schematic diagram of a communication system 100 for a miniature smart sensor is provided, wherein the sensor 102 includes n1 miniature smart sensors, marked with I 1 , . . . , I n1 respectively , the miniature smart sensors for detection and sensing, small size, light weight smart sensor device by non-contact, which can take the primary embodiment can be taken from the battery; n2 sensor 102 further comprises a low-power sensing devices, respectively T 1, ..., T n2 marked, the function of the low-power sensing device is basically the same as that of the miniature smart sensor, but the volume is much larger than that of the miniature smart sensor.
  • the power gateway 104 adopts an intelligent power gateway, which can be equipped with more than two network interfaces.
  • the intelligent power gateway plays the role of Connecting the above, the gateway can be provided with a low-power Bluetooth access layer, a protocol conversion control layer, and a wide-area access layer. Among them, the low-power Bluetooth access layer supports the low-power Bluetooth protocol and can be friendly to access to miniature smart phones.
  • Sensors and low-power sensing devices are responsible for establishing data transmission channels between sensors and smart power gateways to realize data read and write functions;
  • the protocol conversion control layer is responsible for the protocol between the low-power Bluetooth network and the wide-area access layer Conversion, converts data communication from the Bluetooth protocol to the target protocol (for example, MQTT protocol) required by the power Internet of Things, and realizes the heterogeneous interconnection between the low-power Bluetooth network and the wide-area access layer communication network;
  • wide-area access layer It is responsible for establishing a connection with the power Internet of Things server 106, and accessing a specific communication network according to the user configuration.
  • the network can be connected through a network cable, Wi-Fi, GPRS or NB-IoT.
  • the sensor data is acquired by the sensor, and the sensor data is sent to the power gateway according to the Bluetooth communication protocol, which can reduce the power consumption of the communication between the sensor and the power gateway; the power gateway receives the sensor data, and performs protocol conversion on the sensor data.
  • the protocol conversion data Obtain the protocol conversion data, and send the protocol conversion data to the power IoT server according to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol, which can improve the communication efficiency and reduce the delay between the power gateway and the power IoT server; the power IoT server receives the protocol conversion data.
  • the data according to the protocol to obtain the server receiving data of the power Internet of Things server, which can make the communication system applied to the miniature smart sensor have low power consumption, low delay and high transmission efficiency.
  • the sensor and the power gateway can communicate via Wi-Fi, ZigBee or Bluetooth, wherein Wi-Fi communication distance is limited, stability is poor, power consumption is large, networking capability and security are poor; ZigBee data transmission rate is low, effective range is small, anti-interference is poor, the protocol is not open source, and the connection with IP protocol is more complicated; Bluetooth has low power consumption, wide coverage, intelligent connection, high security, small module size, and easy integration. In view of this, the use of Bluetooth communication between the sensor and the power gateway can reduce the transmission power consumption.
  • the power gateway can connect to the power gateway through HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, Hypertext Transfer Protocol), WebSocket (full-duplex communication protocol based on TCP), CoAP (The Constrained Application Protocol, Constrained Application Protocol) or MQTT protocol Enter the power IoT server 106, wherein the HTTP protocol has low efficiency, poor real-time performance, and high protocol overhead, and is not suitable for low-bandwidth, high-latency IoT communication scenarios; WebSocket protocol also has a large overhead, which is not suitable for low bandwidth, high Delayed IoT communication scenarios; CoAP protocol is implemented based on UDP (User Datagram Protocol, User Datagram Protocol), mainly used as a communication protocol for low-power devices such as sensors, but not suitable for computers, mobile phones and other devices, with poor compatibility
  • the MQTT protocol is implemented based on TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), which can be used as a communication protocol for low-power devices such as sensors, and as a communication protocol for devices such as computers and smartphones.
  • HTTP Hyper
  • the Bluetooth low energy consumption works in the 2.4GHz frequency band
  • the Bluetooth working frequency band can be divided into 40 channels in units of 2MHz, and the channel numbers are respectively set to 0-39, wherein the channels 37-39 can be As a broadcast channel, it is used for broadcast communication, and channels 0-36 can be used as data channels for data communication after the connection between the sensor and the power gateway is established.
  • Bluetooth 5.0 an extended broadcast communication mode has been added, which can further enhance the broadcast communication capability of low-power Bluetooth. In this mode, a periodic broadcast communication mechanism is added. Under this mechanism, the original data channel is expanded to a broadcast channel. In this case, the original channels 37-39 can still be broadcast channels, and channels 0-36 can be used as data channels and broadcast channels at the same time.
  • the above-mentioned sensor is also used to enter an initialization state when the communication system is started, so as to perform an initialization operation on the sensor; when the initialization operation is completed, the sensor is switched from the initialization state to a standby state for the sensor to wait for a broadcast communication command ; When receiving a broadcast communication command, it will switch from the standby state to the broadcast state for the sensor to establish a data communication connection with the power gateway; when the sensor establishes a data communication connection with the power gateway, it will switch from the broadcast state to the connection state for the sensor to establish a data communication connection. Carry out data communication with the power gateway; when the data communication is idle, the connection state returns to the standby state.
  • the broadcast communication instruction is an instruction to instruct the sensor and the power gateway to perform broadcast communication when the communication task arrives.
  • a link layer state machine can be set up for Bluetooth low energy consumption, and the state machine includes four states, namely initialization state, standby state, broadcast state and connection state.
  • the sensor enters the initialization state and performs the initialization operation for the sensor; when the initialization operation is completed, the sensor can switch from the initialization state to the standby state.
  • the sensor waits for the broadcast communication command; when receiving When the broadcast communication instruction arrives, the sensor can switch from the standby state to the broadcast state, perform broadcast communication with the power gateway, and establish a data communication connection; in the above process, the sensor can return from the standby state to the initialization state (for example, when the sensor When the performance is degraded and re-initialization is required), it can also return from the broadcast state to the standby state (for example, when the broadcast task is completed and no data communication is required); when the data communication connection is established, the sensor can be transferred from the broadcast state to Connected state, in this state, the sensor communicates with the power gateway; when the data communication is idle, in order to reduce power consumption, the sensor can return to the standby state from the connected state, wait for the broadcast communication command again, and wait until the next communication task arrives Enter the broadcast state according to the broadcast communication command, and return to the standby state or enter the connection state again according to the needs of the task.
  • the initialization state for example, when the sensor When the performance is degraded
  • the communication system when the communication system is started through the sensor, it enters the initialization state to perform the initialization operation on the sensor; when the initialization operation is completed, the initialization state is switched to the standby state for the sensor to wait for the broadcast communication instruction; when the broadcast communication instruction is received; When the communication command is used, it will switch from the standby state to the broadcast state for the sensor and the power gateway to establish a data communication connection; when the sensor and the power gateway establish a data communication connection, the broadcast state is switched to the connection state for the sensor and the power gateway to conduct data communication. Communication; when the data communication is idle, the connection state returns to the standby state, which can reduce the complexity of the sensor state transition process and reduce the power consumption of the sensor on the basis of ensuring the communication quality.
  • the above sensor is further configured to send a broadcast packet on a preset broadcast channel according to a preset broadcast time interval when the standby state is switched to the broadcast state;
  • the broadcast time interval includes a fixed time interval and a pseudo-random time interval.
  • the above-mentioned power gateway is also used to scan the broadcast channel according to the preset scanning time interval, and identify the broadcast packet sent by the sensor.
  • the broadcast packet is a data packet sent in broadcast communication.
  • the communication mode of Bluetooth low energy consumption may include a broadcast communication mode, which corresponds to the broadcast state in the link layer state machine.
  • the broadcasting packet can be sent on the preset broadcasting channel (eg, channels 37-39) according to the preset broadcasting time interval, wherein the broadcasting time interval can be determined by a fixed time interval and pseudo-random time intervals.
  • the power gateway scans the broadcast channel according to the preset scanning time interval, and identifies the broadcast packet sent by the sensor when detecting that there is a broadcast packet sent in the broadcast channel.
  • the miniature smart sensor acts as a broadcaster and works in a broadcast state
  • the smart power gateway acts as a scanner and works in a scan state.
  • a Bluetooth connection is not established between the broadcaster and the scanner, but broadcast communication is achieved through the broadcast/scanning mechanism.
  • the broadcaster can only send broadcast packets, and the scanner can only receive broadcast packets, so the communication between them is one-way, in order to reduce the power consumption of the miniature smart sensor, only the basic mode can be used.
  • the miniature smart sensor sends broadcast packets on broadcast channels No. 37-39 at a certain time interval, and the maximum time interval can be 10485.759375 seconds.
  • the actual broadcast time interval will add a pseudo-random time interval automatically generated by the device to the fixed time interval set by the user.
  • the range of the pseudo-random time interval can be 0 -10ms.
  • the smart power gateway scans the broadcast channel No. 37-39 continuously for a period of time in turn at a certain time interval, and the maximum scanning time length can be 40.96 seconds.
  • the channel can be adaptively controlled during the communication process. For example, when the broadcast communication is interrupted, the broadcast channel can be re-allocated for the broadcast communication. Detect whether there are still available channel resources, and finally allocate them according to the priority of available channel resources or user requirements. It should be noted that, since the energy acquisition method of the smart power gateway can be a normal external power supply, it is not necessary to consider low-power operation, and the smart power gateway can adopt a continuous scanning method with a scanning time window equal to the scanning time interval.
  • the broadcast packet is sent on the preset broadcast channel according to the preset broadcast time interval; the power gateway scans the broadcast channel according to the preset scan time interval, Identifying broadcast packets sent by sensors can reduce the complexity of sensor broadcast communication and reduce sensor power consumption on the basis of ensuring communication quality.
  • the above-mentioned sensor is further configured to send a read-write characteristic value request to the power gateway when the broadcast state is switched to the connected state; the above-mentioned power gateway is further configured to, when receiving the read-write characteristic value request, according to Read and write characteristic value request to get characteristic value, and feedback characteristic value to sensor.
  • the communication mode of Bluetooth low energy consumption may also include a GATT (Generic Attribute Profile, common attribute protocol) communication mode, which corresponds to the connection state in the link layer state machine.
  • GATT Generic Attribute Profile, common attribute protocol
  • the sensor can send a read and write characteristic value request to the power gateway.
  • the power gateway receives the read and write characteristic value request, it determines the characteristic value corresponding to the read and write characteristic value request, and the characteristic value Feedback to the sensor, or the power gateway can also update the corresponding characteristic value according to the read and write characteristic value request.
  • GATT is a general specification for sending/receiving Bluetooth low energy data based on a Bluetooth low energy connection.
  • the micro smart sensor can be used as the GATT client
  • the smart power gateway can be used as the GATT server
  • the micro smart sensor can also be used as the GATT server
  • the smart power gateway can be used as the GATT client
  • the GATT server is a device that provides data services
  • the GATT client is a device that reads and uses server application data.
  • both the master device and the slave device in the Bluetooth communication in the connected state can be used as GATT clients or GATT servers; from the point of view of the broadcast scanning process, both the broadcaster and the scanner are also Can be used as a GATT client or as a GATT server.
  • a request for reading and writing characteristic values is sent to the power gateway, and when the power gateway receives the request for reading and writing characteristic values, the characteristic value is obtained according to the request for reading and writing characteristic values, and Feedback characteristic values to the sensor can reduce the complexity of sensor data communication and reduce sensor power consumption on the basis of ensuring communication quality.
  • the above-mentioned power gateway is further configured to acquire the characteristic value and send the characteristic value to the sensor when the sensor changes from the broadcast state to the connected state.
  • the sensor when the sensor changes from the broadcast state to the connected state and is in GATT communication, the sensor does not need to send a read and write characteristic value request to the power gateway.
  • the power gateway can directly send the characteristic value to the sensor after determining the characteristic value. There is also no need to feed back to the power gateway after receiving the characteristic value.
  • a configuration file can contain multiple services (for example, service 1, service 2, ..., service m), each A service can be used to complete a specific function, and the data structure of several characteristics (for example, characteristic 11, characteristic 12, ..., characteristic 1n) constitutes a series of data sets, where the characteristic is the value used by the service, GATT communication
  • the two parties can realize data exchange by reading and writing characteristic values.
  • two communication methods can be used between the GATT client and the server. In the first method, the GATT client can send a read and write characteristic value request to the server.
  • the corresponding feature value is returned to the client according to the read-write feature value request (the server sends a read-write response to the client), or the server can also update the corresponding feature based on the read-write feature value request value; in the second method, the GATT client may not send a read/write feature value request to the server, the server may directly send the feature value to the client (the server sends a feature value notification to the client), and the client receives the feature value No feedback to the server is required after the value.
  • the power gateway when the sensor changes from the broadcast state to the connected state, the power gateway obtains the characteristic value and sends the characteristic value to the sensor, which can reduce the complexity of sensor data communication and reduce the power consumption of the sensor on the basis of ensuring the communication quality. .
  • the above-mentioned power gateway is also used to perform a gateway initialization operation; when receiving a gateway parameter setting instruction sent by a user, perform gateway parameter setting of the power gateway according to the gateway parameter setting instruction; when receiving a label sent by the user When reading and writing instructions, determine the sensor corresponding to the tag reading and writing instructions, and obtain the target sensor, so as to establish a data communication connection between the power gateway and the target sensor, and read and write the target sensor according to the tag reading and writing instructions; if the gateway parameters are not received After setting instructions and label reading and writing instructions, or completing gateway parameter setting and reading and writing operations, the broadcast channel is scanned according to the preset scanning time interval to identify the broadcast packets sent by the sensor.
  • the power gateway performs a power-on operation when powered off or reset and restarted, and then performs a gateway initialization operation to initialize the hardware system of the gateway.
  • the power gateway can receive the instructions sent by the user through the Internet interface, and the instructions sent by the user can include the gateway parameter setting instruction and the label reading and writing instruction.
  • the power gateway When receiving the gateway parameter setting instruction, the power gateway can start the gateway management program and execute the parameter setting operation specified by the user; when receiving the tag reading and writing instruction, the power gateway can start the tag management program, establish a connection with the specified tag, and execute the user Specified tag reading and writing operations; in the case of not receiving user instructions or completing corresponding operations according to user instructions, the power gateway can enter the automatic scanning mode, execute the Bluetooth tag broadcast data processing program, and broadcast data according to the preset scanning time interval. The channel is scanned to identify the broadcast packet sent by the sensor. After the tag broadcast data processing is completed or the power gateway exits the automatic scanning mode, the power gateway can repeat the above process in this embodiment.
  • the gateway initialization operation is performed through the power gateway; when receiving the gateway parameter setting instruction sent by the user, the gateway parameter setting of the power gateway is performed according to the gateway parameter setting instruction; when receiving the label reading and writing instruction sent by the user, Determine the sensor corresponding to the tag reading and writing instructions, obtain the target sensor, and establish a data communication connection between the power gateway and the target sensor, and read and write the target sensor according to the tag reading and writing instructions; If the gateway parameter setting instruction and the tag reading and writing instructions are not received Write commands, or complete the gateway parameter setting and read and write operations, scan the broadcast channel according to the preset scanning time interval, and identify the broadcast packets sent by the sensor, which can make the communication between the sensor and the power gateway have high reliability and low The complexity and low power consumption make the communication system applied to the miniature smart sensor easy to install, operate and maintain, and reduce the workload of operation and maintenance personnel in the power sector.
  • the gateway initialization operation includes a server connection initialization operation and a sensor connection initialization operation;
  • the above-mentioned power gateway is further configured to perform a server connection initialization operation, so as to establish a data communication connection between the power gateway and the power Internet of Things server, and log in the power The Internet of Things server;
  • the power gateway is also used to perform a sensor connection initialization operation, so as to scan the broadcast packets sent by the sensor for the power gateway, or establish a data communication connection with the sensor.
  • the power gateway after the power gateway is powered on, it can perform a server connection initialization operation to initialize the connection between the power gateway and the power Internet of Things server, and then the power gateway can establish a connection with the power Internet of Things server and perform data communication. ;
  • the power gateway can also perform a sensor connection initialization operation to initialize the connection between the power gateway and the sensor, and then the power gateway can establish a connection with the sensor for broadcast communication or data communication.
  • the power gateway can first start the initialization program to initialize the main control chip, including cache allocation, communication interface initialization, etc.;
  • the configuration information initializes the Internet access module, including the selection of the communication module (Ethernet, Wi-Fi, GPRS, NB-IoT), establishing a TCP connection with the MQTT server and logging in, etc.
  • the main control chip can Begin to initialize the low-power bluetooth module, including scanning parameter settings, connection parameter settings, etc.; finally, the main control chip can control the low-power bluetooth module to start scanning or establish a connection with a bluetooth tag to complete the initialization of the entire software and hardware system.
  • the server connection initialization operation is performed through the power gateway, so as to establish a data communication connection between the power gateway and the power Internet of things server, and log in to the power Internet of things server, which can ensure reliable communication between the power gateway and the power Internet of things server;
  • the sensor connection initialization operation is performed by the power gateway, so that the power gateway scans the broadcast packets sent by the sensor, or establishes a data communication connection with the sensor, which can ensure reliable communication between the power gateway and the sensor.
  • the above-mentioned power gateway is further configured to obtain the gateway login password of the power gateway when receiving the gateway parameter setting instruction, and verify the gateway login password; if the verification is passed, obtain the gateway parameter setting instruction according to the gateway parameter setting instruction.
  • the gateway parameter setting value of the power gateway and determine whether the gateway parameter setting value is legal; if so, update the gateway parameter according to the gateway parameter setting value, and return the update success flag.
  • the power gateway when the power gateway receives the gateway parameter setting instruction sent by the user, it can set the gateway parameters according to the instruction, the user inputs the gateway login password to the power gateway, and the power gateway can verify the gateway login password. Then set the parameters of the power gateway according to the gateway parameter setting instruction, the power gateway can obtain the gateway parameter setting value, and judge whether the gateway parameter setting value is legal. Otherwise, if it is invalid, the parameter setting of the power gateway may not be changed, and the parameter setting failure flag will be returned.
  • the user's parameter setting transactions for the smart power gateway may include MQTT server domain name setting, TCP port setting, Wi-Fi SSID (Service Set Identifier, service set identifier) and password setting, gateway login password setting, networking mode selection, Networking method priority setting, gateway working mode setting, Bluetooth scanning parameter setting and Bluetooth connection parameter setting.
  • MQTT server domain name setting TCP port setting
  • Wi-Fi SSID Service Set Identifier, service set identifier
  • password setting the gateway login password setting
  • networking mode selection networking method priority setting
  • gateway working mode setting e.g., Bluetooth scanning parameter setting and Bluetooth connection parameter setting.
  • the user can continuously update multiple parameter values of the smart power gateway until the user logs out.
  • the power gateway when receiving the gateway parameter setting instruction, obtains the gateway login password of the power gateway, and verifies the gateway login password; if the verification is passed, the gateway parameter of the power gateway is obtained according to the gateway parameter setting instruction Set the value, and judge whether the gateway parameter setting value is legal; if so, update the gateway parameter according to the gateway parameter setting value, and return the update success identifier, which can ensure the legality and validity of the power gateway parameter setting and improve the reliability of data communication. .
  • FIG. 5 a schematic flowchart of a communication method for a power gateway is provided, and the method is applied to the power gateway 102 in FIG. 1 as an example for illustration, including the following steps:
  • Step S510 receiving sensor data sent by the sensor according to the Bluetooth communication protocol
  • Step S520 performing protocol conversion on the sensor data to obtain protocol conversion data;
  • the protocol conversion data is adapted to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol;
  • Step S530 according to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol, send the protocol conversion data to the power Internet of Things server to receive the protocol conversion data for the power Internet of Things server, and obtain the server-received data of the power Internet of Things server according to the protocol conversion data.
  • the power gateway and the power Internet of Things server can communicate according to the MQTT protocol.
  • the power gateway can be provided with a low-power bluetooth access layer, a protocol conversion control layer, and a wide area access layer.
  • the Bluetooth power consumption access layer is connected to the sensor, and the power Internet of Things server is connected to the wide area access layer.
  • the power gateway After the power gateway receives the sensor data through the low-power Bluetooth access layer, it can perform protocol conversion on the sensor data through the protocol conversion control layer to obtain the protocol conversion data.
  • the protocol conversion data matches the MQTT protocol.
  • the protocol conversion data is transmitted to the power IoT server through the WAN access layer. According to the MQTT protocol, the power IoT server can also transmit the data in the server to the power gateway.
  • the power consumption of the communication between the sensor and the power gateway can be reduced; the protocol conversion is performed on the sensor data to obtain the protocol conversion data; the protocol conversion data is adapted to The message queue telemetry transmission protocol can improve the communication efficiency and reduce the delay between the power gateway and the power Internet of things server; according to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol, the protocol conversion data is sent to the power Internet of things server to receive the power Internet of things server.
  • the data is converted by the protocol, and the data received by the server of the power Internet of Things server is obtained according to the protocol conversion data, which can make the communication system applied to the miniature smart sensor have low power consumption, low delay and high transmission efficiency.
  • the above communication method may further include the following steps: performing a gateway initialization operation; when receiving a gateway parameter setting instruction sent by a user, performing gateway parameter setting of the power gateway according to the gateway parameter setting instruction; When the tag reading and writing instructions are sent, determine the sensor corresponding to the tag reading and writing instructions, obtain the target sensor, and establish a data communication connection between the power gateway and the target sensor, and read and write the target sensor according to the tag reading and writing instructions; Gateway parameter setting instruction and label read/write instruction, or complete gateway parameter setting and read/write operation, then scan the broadcast channel according to the preset scanning time interval to identify the broadcast packet sent by the sensor.
  • the power gateway performs a power-on operation when powered off or reset and restarted, and then performs a gateway initialization operation to initialize the hardware system of the gateway.
  • the power gateway can receive the instructions sent by the user through the Internet interface, and the instructions sent by the user can include the gateway parameter setting instruction and the label reading and writing instruction.
  • the power gateway When receiving the gateway parameter setting instruction, the power gateway can start the gateway management program and execute the parameter setting operation specified by the user; when receiving the tag reading and writing instruction, the power gateway can start the tag management program, establish a connection with the specified tag, and execute the user Specified tag reading and writing operations; in the case of not receiving user instructions or completing corresponding operations according to user instructions, the power gateway can enter the automatic scanning mode, execute the Bluetooth tag broadcast data processing program, and broadcast data according to the preset scanning time interval. The channel is scanned to identify the broadcast packet sent by the sensor. After the tag broadcast data processing is completed or the power gateway exits the automatic scanning mode, the power gateway can repeat the above process in this embodiment.
  • the gateway initialization operation is performed; when receiving the gateway parameter setting instruction sent by the user, the gateway parameter setting of the power gateway is performed according to the gateway parameter setting instruction; when receiving the label reading and writing instruction sent by the user, the label is determined.
  • a schematic flowchart of a communication method for an intelligent power gateway is provided, and the communication method can be implemented based on the Bluetooth low energy protocol, wherein the Bluetooth low energy protocol may specifically include The transition process of the four communication states in the foregoing embodiment, as well as the broadcast communication mode and the GATT communication mode (as shown in FIG. 3 ).
  • the communication method for the smart power gateway may specifically include the following steps:
  • the smart power gateway first starts the initialization program to initialize the main control chip, including cache allocation, communication interface initialization, etc.; then the main control chip initializes the Internet access module according to the internally stored gateway parameter configuration information, Including the selection of communication modules (Ethernet, Wi-Fi, GPRS, NB-IoT), establishing a TCP connection with the MQTT server and logging in, etc. After successfully logging in to the MQTT server, the main control chip starts to initialize the low-power Bluetooth module. Including scanning parameter settings, connection parameter settings, etc.; finally, the main control chip controls the low-power bluetooth module to start scanning or establish a connection with the bluetooth tag to complete the initialization of the entire software and hardware system.
  • the gateway parameter configuration information Including the selection of communication modules (Ethernet, Wi-Fi, GPRS, NB-IoT), establishing a TCP connection with the MQTT server and logging in, etc.
  • the main control chip After successfully logging in to the MQTT server, the main control
  • the intelligent power gateway detects that the Internet interface has received the instructions sent by the user and enters the design of the gateway parameters. If it does not receive user instructions, it will perform automatic scanning mode.
  • Gateway parameter setting handle the user's parameter setting for the smart power gateway, mainly including MQTT server domain name, TCP port setting, WiFi SSID and password setting, gateway login password setting, networking mode selection, networking mode priority setting, gateway work Mode setting, Bluetooth scanning parameter setting and Bluetooth connection parameter setting.
  • the user needs to enter the gateway login password before changing the working parameters of the Bluetooth gateway. If the password is entered correctly, the smart power gateway will enter the working parameter setting mode, and the user can update the working parameters of the gateway.
  • the smart power gateway When receiving a new parameter value, the smart power gateway will first check the validity of the parameter value. If it is legal, it will update the corresponding parameter value of the gateway and return the parameter setting success flag. Otherwise, the parameter setting of the smart power gateway will not be changed, and the parameter setting failure will be returned. logo.
  • the user can continuously update multiple parameter values of the smart power gateway until the user logs out.
  • Processing gateway instructions After receiving the instructions sent by the user, different processing will be performed according to the type of instructions, and the automatic scanning mode will be entered after the processing is completed. If the command is a parameter setting, the system starts the gateway management program and executes the parameter setting specified by the user; if the command is a label read and write command, the system starts the label management program, establishes a connection with the specified label, and executes the read and write operations specified by the user.
  • a more concise link layer state and communication protocol are designed through the low-power bluetooth protocol, which can reduce the energy consumption of the communication between the miniature smart sensor and the smart power gateway, make the system easy to install and operate and maintain, and reduce the workload of operation and maintenance personnel.
  • the subscription message transmission between the smart power gateway and the power Internet of Things server is realized through the MQTT communication protocol, which can ensure the timeliness of information transmission, so that after the power Internet of Things server sends out a control request, the target micro smart sensor can quickly Perform corresponding operations and respond, and minimize the time for receipt of receipts, which can quickly update the use status of the link layer status to meet the timeliness requirements of the power system; since the smart power gateway only needs to subscribe to one publication topic and One subscription topic can complete the operation of multiple devices in the entire power distribution room, which can be economical and practical, and achieve the purpose of easy promotion, and the intelligent power gateway is activated automatically, which is easy to add equipment, easy to manage multiple power distribution rooms, and can simplify the operation. interface for easy operation.
  • steps in the flowcharts of FIGS. 5-6 are shown in sequence according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the sequence shown by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, the execution of these steps is not strictly limited to the order, and these steps may be performed in other orders. Moreover, at least a part of the steps in FIGS. 5-6 may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily executed and completed at the same time, but may be executed at different times. The execution of these steps or stages The order is also not necessarily sequential, but may be performed alternately or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of the steps or phases within the other steps.
  • a communication device 700 for a miniature smart sensor including: a receiving module 702, a protocol converting module 704 and a sending module 706, wherein:
  • a receiving module 702 configured to receive sensor data sent by the sensor according to the Bluetooth communication protocol
  • a protocol conversion module 704 configured to perform protocol conversion on sensor data to obtain protocol conversion data; the protocol conversion data is adapted to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol;
  • the sending module 706 is configured to send the protocol conversion data to the power Internet of Things server according to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol, so as to receive the protocol conversion data for the power Internet of things server, and obtain the server receiving data of the power Internet of things server according to the protocol conversion data.
  • the above-mentioned communication device 700 for a miniature smart sensor may further include:
  • the initialization module is used to perform the gateway initialization operation
  • the parameter setting module is used to set the gateway parameters of the power gateway according to the gateway parameter setting instruction when receiving the gateway parameter setting instruction sent by the user;
  • the tag reading and writing module is used to determine the sensor corresponding to the tag reading and writing instruction when receiving the tag reading and writing instruction sent by the user, and obtain the target sensor, so as to establish a data communication connection between the power gateway and the target sensor, and according to the tag reading and writing instruction Read and write operations to the target sensor;
  • the scanning module is used to scan the broadcast channel according to the preset scanning time interval and identify the broadcast packet sent by the sensor if the gateway parameter setting instruction and the label reading and writing instruction are not received, or the gateway parameter setting and reading and writing operation are completed.
  • Each module in the above-mentioned communication device for a miniature smart sensor can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware and combinations thereof.
  • the above modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in the computer device in the form of hardware, or stored in the memory in the computer device in the form of software, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to the above modules.
  • a computer device is provided, and the computer device may be a server, and its internal structure diagram may be as shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the computer device includes a processor, memory, and a network interface connected by a system bus. Among them, the processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities.
  • the memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium, an internal memory.
  • the nonvolatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program, and a database.
  • the internal memory provides an environment for the execution of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium.
  • the computer device's database is used to store communication data for the miniature smart sensors.
  • the network interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal through a network connection.
  • the computer program when executed by a processor, implements a communication method for a miniature smart sensor.
  • FIG. 8 is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer equipment to which the solution of the present application is applied. Include more or fewer components than shown in the figures, or combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.
  • a computer device including a memory and a processor, a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor implements the following steps when executing the computer program: receiving sensor data sent by a sensor according to a Bluetooth communication protocol; The sensor data is protocol converted to obtain protocol conversion data; the protocol conversion data is adapted to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol; according to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol, the protocol conversion data is sent to the power Internet of Things server to receive the protocol conversion data for the power Internet of things server , and convert the data according to the protocol to obtain the server receiving data of the power Internet of Things server.
  • the processor also implements the following steps when executing the computer program: performing a gateway initialization operation; when receiving a gateway parameter setting instruction sent by a user, performing gateway parameter setting of the power gateway according to the gateway parameter setting instruction;
  • the sensor corresponding to the tag reading and writing instructions is determined, and the target sensor is obtained to establish a data communication connection between the power gateway and the target sensor, and read and write operations to the target sensor according to the tag reading and writing instructions;
  • the broadcast channel is scanned according to the preset scanning time interval to identify the broadcast packet sent by the sensor.
  • a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the following steps are implemented: receiving sensor data sent by a sensor according to a Bluetooth communication protocol; Protocol conversion to obtain protocol conversion data; the protocol conversion data is adapted to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol; according to the message queue telemetry transmission protocol, the protocol conversion data is sent to the power Internet of Things server to receive the protocol conversion data for the power Internet of things server, and according to The protocol conversion data is received by the server of the power Internet of Things server.
  • the following steps are further implemented: perform a gateway initialization operation; when receiving a gateway parameter setting instruction sent by a user, perform gateway parameter setting of the power gateway according to the gateway parameter setting instruction;
  • the sensor corresponding to the tag reading and writing instructions is determined, and the target sensor is obtained, so as to establish a data communication connection between the power gateway and the target sensor, and read and write the target sensor according to the tag reading and writing instructions; If the gateway parameter setting instruction and the label read/write instruction are not received, or the gateway parameter setting and read/write operation are completed, the broadcast channel is scanned according to the preset scanning time interval to identify the broadcast packet sent by the sensor.
  • Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, or optical memory, and the like.
  • Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory.
  • the RAM may be in various forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM).

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种用于微型智能传感器的通信系统、方法和装置。所述通信系统包括传感器、电力网关和电力物联网服务器；所述传感器，用于获取传感器数据，并根据蓝牙通信协议发送传感器数据至电力网关；所述电力网关，用于接收传感器数据，并对传感器数据进行协议转换，得到协议转换数据；协议转换数据适配于消息队列遥测传输协议；根据消息队列遥测传输协议，发送协议转换数据至电力物联网服务器；所述电力物联网服务器，用于接收协议转换数据，并根据协议转换数据得到电力物联网服务器的服务器接收数据。采用本方案可以使应用于微型智能传感器的通信系统具备低功耗、低延迟和较高的传输效率。

Description

用于微型智能传感器的通信系统、方法和装置 技术领域
本申请涉及物联网技术领域，特别是涉及一种应用于微型智能传感器的通信系统、方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质。
背景技术
随着磁电阻传感器、微电子等技术的发展，出现了低功率、紧凑型、智能化的微型智能传感器，微型智能传感器具备体积小、重量轻、动态范围大、测量精度高、频带响应宽等优点，且高低压完全隔离，低压侧无开路高压危险，安全性高，不含铁芯，可以消除磁饱和问题，数据传输抗电磁干扰性能强，采用无油化结构，不会因充油而带来潜在的易燃易爆风险。基于上述优势，微型智能传感器存在代替传统互感器的潜力，将其应用于数字化变电站，可以实现配用网关键节点电流信息的感知，进而构建电网“神经系统”，有利于实现智能电网的透明化。微型智能传感器的引入，将改变变电站内自动化设备的接口方式，以及各个设备独立采集模拟量的工作模式，对变电站自动化结构模式和继电保护方式，乃至整个电力系统的发展起到一定影响。
然而，应用微型智能传感器的电力微型智能传感网络在发展过程中遇到两方面阻碍。首先，传统电网中对电力环境进行探测与感知的设备通常从配电房获取工作电源，且通过有线链路与电力网关相通信，微型智能传感器若采用传统的取能方式和通信方式，容易导致供电模块和通信模块的体积增加，且通信功耗较大，需频繁更换电池，不便于运维，同时数据通信兼容性差，无法与变电站内自动化设备进行对接融合。其次，传统的物联网网关通过HTTP协议接入互联网，远程用户可登录物联网网关并通过网页的方式对传感器等设备进行监控，然而，此种通信模式需要客户端通过不断轮询来获取网关数据，效率低且实时性差，此外，HTTP协议开销较大，不适用于低带宽、高延迟的物联网通信场景。
因此，目前应用于微型智能传感器的通信技术存在功耗较大、实时性较差和效率较低的问题。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对上述技术问题，提供一种应用于微型智能传感器的低功耗、低延迟、高传输效率的通信系统、方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质。
一种用于微型智能传感器的通信系统，所述通信系统包括传感器、电力网关和电力物联网服务器；
所述传感器，用于获取传感器数据，并根据蓝牙通信协议发送所述传感器数据至所述电力网关；
所述电力网关，用于接收所述传感器数据，并对所述传感器数据进行协议转换，得到协议转换数据；所述协议转换数据适配于消息队列遥测传输协议；根据所述消息队列遥测传输协议，发送所述协议转换数据至所述电力物联网服务器；
所述电力物联网服务器，用于接收所述协议转换数据，并根据所述协议转换数据得到所述电力物联网服务器的服务器接收数据。
在其中一个实施例中，所述传感器，还用于当所述通信系统启动时，进入初始化状态，以对所述传感器进行初始化操作；当完成所述初始化操作时，由所述初始化状态转换至待机状态，以供所述传感器等候广播通信指令；当接收到所述广播通信指令时，由所述待机状态转换至广播状态，以供所述传感器与所述电力网关建立数据通信连接；当所述传感器与所述电力网关建立所述数据通信连接时，由所述广播状态转换至连接状态，以供所述传感器与所述电力网关进行所述数据通信；当所述数据通信空闲时，由所述连接状态返回至所述待机状态。
在其中一个实施例中，所述传感器，还用于当由所述待机状态转换至所述广播状态时，在预设的广播信道上根据预设的广播时间间隔发送广播包；所述广播时间间隔包括固定时间间隔和伪随机时间间隔；
所述电力网关，还用于根据预设的扫描时间间隔对所述广播信道进行扫描，识别所述传感器发送的所述广播包。
在其中一个实施例中，所述传感器，还用于当由所述广播状态转换至所述连接状态时，发送读写特性值请求至所述电力网关；
所述电力网关，还用于当接收到所述读写特性值请求时，根据所述读写特性值请求得到特性值，并反馈所述特性值至所述传感器。
在其中一个实施例中，所述电力网关，还用于当所述传感器由所述广播状态转换至所述连接状态时，获取特性值，并发送所述特性值至所述传感器。
在其中一个实施例中，所述电力网关，还用于执行网关初始化操作；当接收到用户发送的网关参数设置指令时，根据所述网关参数设置指令进行所述电力网关的网关参数设置；当接收到用户发送的标签读写指令时，确定所述标签读写指令对应的传感器，得到目标传感器，以供所述电力网关与所述目标传感器建立数据通信连接，并根据所述标签读写指令对所述目标传感器进行读写操作；若未接收到所述网关参数设置指令和所述标签读写指令、或完成所述网关参数设置和所述读写操作，则根据预设的扫描时间间隔对所述广播信道进行扫描，识别所述传感器发送的所述广播包。
在其中一个实施例中，所述网关初始化操作包括服务器连接初始化操作和传感器连接初始化操作；所述电力网关，还用于执行所述服务器连接初始化操作，以供所述电力网关与所述电力物联网服务器建立数据通信连接，并登录所述电力物联网服务器；所述电力网关，还用于执行所述传感器连接初始化操作，以供所述电力网关扫描所述传感器发送的所述广播包，或与所述传感器建立数据通信连接。
在其中一个实施例中，所述电力网关，还用于当接收到所述网关参数设置指令时，获取所述电力网关的网关登录密码，并对所述网关登录密码进行验证；若验证通过，则根据所述网关参数设置指令，得到所述电力网关的网关参数设置值，并判断所述网关参数设置值是否合法；若是，则根据所述网关参数设置值更新所述网关参数，并返回更新成功标识。
一种用于微型智能传感器的通信方法，所述方法包括：
接收传感器根据蓝牙通信协议所发送的传感器数据；
对所述传感器数据进行协议转换，得到协议转换数据；所述协议转换数据适配于消息队列遥测传输协议；
根据所述消息队列遥测传输协议，发送所述协议转换数据至电力物联网服务器，以供所述电力物联网服务器接收所述协议转换数据，并根据所述协议转换数据得到所述电力物联网服务器的服务器接收数据。
在其中一个实施例中，所述方法还包括：
执行网关初始化操作；
当接收到用户发送的网关参数设置指令时，根据所述网关参数设置指令进行所述电力网关的网关参数设置；
当接收到用户发送的标签读写指令时，确定所述标签读写指令对应的传感器，得到目标传感器，以供所述电力网关与所述目标传感器建立数据通信连接，并根据所述标签读写指令对所述目标传感器进行读写操作；
若未接收到所述网关参数设置指令和所述标签读写指令、或完成所述网关参数设置和所述读写操作，则根据预设的扫描时间间隔对广播信道进行扫描，识别所述传感器发送的所述广播包。
一种用于微型智能传感器的通信装置，所述装置包括：
接收模块，用于接收传感器根据蓝牙通信协议所发送的传感器数据；
协议转换模块，用于对所述传感器数据进行协议转换，得到协议转换数据；所述协议转换数据适配于消息队列遥测传输协议；
发送模块，用于根据所述消息队列遥测传输协议，发送所述协议转换数据至电力物联网服务器，以供 所述电力物联网服务器接收所述协议转换数据，并根据所述协议转换数据得到所述电力物联网服务器的服务器接收数据。
一种计算机设备，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器存储有计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现以下步骤：
接收传感器根据蓝牙通信协议所发送的传感器数据；
对所述传感器数据进行协议转换，得到协议转换数据；所述协议转换数据适配于消息队列遥测传输协议；
根据所述消息队列遥测传输协议，发送所述协议转换数据至电力物联网服务器，以供所述电力物联网服务器接收所述协议转换数据，并根据所述协议转换数据得到所述电力物联网服务器的服务器接收数据。
一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现以下步骤：
接收传感器根据蓝牙通信协议所发送的传感器数据；
对所述传感器数据进行协议转换，得到协议转换数据；所述协议转换数据适配于消息队列遥测传输协议；
根据所述消息队列遥测传输协议，发送所述协议转换数据至电力物联网服务器，以供所述电力物联网服务器接收所述协议转换数据，并根据所述协议转换数据得到所述电力物联网服务器的服务器接收数据。
上述用于微型智能传感器的通信系统、方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质，通过传感器获取传感器数据，并根据蓝牙通信协议发送传感器数据至电力网关，可以使传感器与电力网关之间通信的功耗降低；电力网关接收传感器数据，并对传感器数据进行协议转换，得到协议转换数据，根据消息队列遥测传输协议，发送协议转换数据至电力物联网服务器，可以使电力网关与电力物联网服务器之间通信的效率提高、时延降低；电力物联网服务器接收协议转换数据，并根据协议转换数据得到电力物联网服务器的服务器接收数据，可以使应用于微型智能传感器的通信系统具备低功耗、低延迟和较高的传输效率。
附图说明
图1为一个实施例中用于微型智能传感器的通信系统的结构框图；
图2为一个实施例中用于微型智能传感器的通信系统的示意图；
图3为一个实施例中通信系统通信状态和通信方式的示意图；
图4为一个实施例中连接状态数据通信过程的示意图；
图5为一个实施例中用于电力网关的通信方法的流程示意图；
图6为另一个实施例中用于电力网关的通信方法的流程示意图；
图7为一个实施例中用于微型智能传感器的通信装置的结构框图；
图8为一个实施例中计算机设备的内部结构图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
在一个实施例中，如图1所示，提供了一种用于微型智能传感器的通信系统100，可以应用于智能电网，该通信系统100具体包括有传感器102、电力网关104和电力物联网服务器106。
其中，传感器102可以但不限于是对变电站的电力环境进行探测与感知的各种微型智能传感器和低功耗传感设备，例如，传感器102可以为变电站中部署的电压传感器、湿度传感器、电压传感器和电流传感器。电力网关104可以但不限于是智能电力网关。电力物联网服务器106可以但不限于是云服务器，可以用独立的服务器或者是多个服务器组成的服务器集群来实现。
传感器102，用于获取传感器数据，并根据蓝牙通信协议发送传感器数据至电力网关104。
其中，传感器数据为传感器102探测和感知到的各种数据。
具体实现中，传感器102与电力网关104之间可以采用低功耗蓝牙相通信，微型智能传感器和低功耗传感设备在探测或感知到传感器数据后，将传感器数据通过蓝牙发送至电力网关104，电力网关104也可以将网关中的数据通过蓝牙发送至传感器102，上述蓝牙通信基于蓝牙通信协议来实现。
电力网关104，用于接收传感器数据，并对传感器数据进行协议转换，得到协议转换数据；协议转换数据适配于消息队列遥测传输协议；根据消息队列遥测传输协议，发送协议转换数据至电力物联网服务器106。
具体实现中，电力网关104与电力物联网服务器106之间可以根据MQTT协议(Message Queuing Telemetry Transport，消息队列遥测传输协议)相通信，电力网关104中可以设置有低功耗蓝牙接入层、协议转换控制层和广域接入层，电力网关104可以通过低功耗蓝牙接入层接入传感器102，以及通过广域接入层接入电力物联网服务器106。电力网关104通过低功耗蓝牙接入层接收到传感器数据后，可以通过协议转换控制层对传感器数据进行协议转换，得到协议转换数据，协议转换数据与MQTT协议相匹配，电力网关104可以根据MQTT协议，通过广域接入层将协议转换数据传输至电力物联网服务器106。根据MQTT协议，电力物联网服务器106也可以将服务器中的数据传输至电力网关104。
电力物联网服务器106，用于接收协议转换数据，并根据协议转换数据得到电力物联网服务器106的服务器接收数据。
具体实现中，在MQTT应用层协议下，电力物联网服务器106可以通过网线、Wi-Fi、GPRS(General packet radio service，通用无线分组业务)或NB-IoT(Narrow Band Internet of Things，窄带物联网)等联网方式，接收电力网关104发送的协议转换数据，并将接收到的协议转换数据作为服务器接收数据，供电力物联网服务器106进行后续的数据处理。
实际应用中，如图2所示，提供了一个用于微型智能传感器的通信系统100的示意图，其中，传感器102包括n1个微型智能传感器，分别用I 1,…,I n1标记，微型智能传感器为通过非接触式进行探测与感知、体积小、重量轻的智能传感设备，其主要取能方式为从电池取能；传感器102还包括n2个低功耗传感设备，分别用T 1,…,T n2标记，低功耗传感设备的功能与微型智能传感器基本一致，但体积远大于微型智能传感器。电力网关104采用智能电力网关，可以配备两个以上网络接口，一端网络接口可以实现与传感器102相通信，另一端网络接口可以实现以太网或无线网络接入上层电力物联网，智能电力网关起到承上启下的作用，网关中可以设置有低功耗蓝牙接入层、协议转换控制层和广域接入层，其中，低功耗蓝牙接入层支持低功耗蓝牙协议，可以友好接入微型智能传感器和低功耗传感设备，负责建立传感器与智能电力网关之间的数据传输通道，实现数据的读写功能；协议转换控制层负责低功耗蓝牙网络与广域接入层之间的协议转换，将数据通信从蓝牙协议转换成电力物联网所需的目标协议(例如，MQTT协议)，实现低功耗蓝牙网络与广域接入层通信网络间的异构互联；广域接入层负责与电力物联网服务器106建立连接，并根据用户配置接入特定的通信网络，具体地，可以通过网线、Wi-Fi、GPRS或NB-IoT进行联网。
上述通信系统，通过传感器获取传感器数据，并根据蓝牙通信协议发送传感器数据至电力网关，可以使传感器与电力网关之间通信的功耗降低；电力网关接收传感器数据，并对传感器数据进行协议转换，得到协议转换数据，根据消息队列遥测传输协议，发送协议转换数据至电力物联网服务器，可以使电力网关与电力物联网服务器之间通信的效率提高、时延降低；电力物联网服务器接收协议转换数据，并根据协议转换数据得到电力物联网服务器的服务器接收数据，可以使应用于微型智能传感器的通信系统具备低功耗、低延迟和较高的传输效率。
在一个实施例中，传感器与电力网关之间可以通过Wi-Fi、ZigBee或蓝牙相通信，其中，Wi-Fi通信距离有限、稳定性差、功耗较大、组网能力和安全性较差；ZigBee数据传输速率低、有效范围小、抗干扰性差、协议未开源、和IP协议等对接比较复杂；蓝牙功耗低、覆盖范围广、智能连接、安全性高、模块体积小、便于集成。鉴于此，在传感器与电力网关之间采用蓝牙通信可以降低传输功耗。
在一个实施例中，电力网关可以通过HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol，超文本传输协议)、WebSocket(基于TCP的全双工通信协议)、CoAP(The Constrained Application Protocol，约束应用协议)或MQTT 协议接入电力物联网服务器106，其中，HTTP协议效率低、实时性差、协议开销大，不适用于低带宽、高延迟的物联网通信场景；WebSocket协议同样存在较大开销，不适用于低带宽、高延迟的物联网通信场景；CoAP协议基于UDP(User Datagram Protocol，用户数据报协议)来实现，主要作为传感器等低功耗设备的通信协议，但是不适用于计算机、手机等设备，兼容性较差；MQTT协议基于TCP(Transmission Control Protocol，传输控制协议)来实现，既可以用作传感器等低功耗设备的通信协议，也可以用作计算机、智能手机等设备的通信协议。鉴于此，电力网关通过MQTT协议接入电力物联网服务器可以降低传输延迟、提高传输效率、提高系统兼容性，可以实现数据的可靠传输。
在一个实施例中，低功耗蓝牙工作于2.4GHz频段，可以以2MHz为单位将蓝牙工作频段划分成40个信道，将信道编号分别设置为0-39，其中，第37-39号信道可以作为广播信道，用于广播通信，第0-36号信道可以作为数据信道，用于在传感器与电力网关之间建立连接后的数据通信。蓝牙5.0中新增了扩展广播通信模式，可以进一步增强低功耗蓝牙的广播通信能力，在该模式下增加了周期广播通信机制，在该机制下将原来的数据信道扩展为广播信道使用，在此种情况下，原来的第37-39号信道依然可以为广播信道，而第0-36号信道则可以同时作为数据信道和广播信道使用。
在一个实施例中，上述传感器，还用于当通信系统启动时，进入初始化状态，以对传感器进行初始化操作；当完成初始化操作时，由初始化状态转换至待机状态，以供传感器等候广播通信指令；当接收到广播通信指令时，由待机状态转换至广播状态，以供传感器与电力网关建立数据通信连接；当传感器与电力网关建立数据通信连接时，由广播状态转换至连接状态，以供传感器与电力网关进行数据通信；当数据通信空闲时，由连接状态返回至待机状态。
其中，广播通信指令为通信任务到达时，指示传感器与电力网关之间进行广播通信的指令。
具体实现中，可以为低功耗蓝牙设置一个链路层状态机，状态机中包括四种状态，分别为初始化状态、待机状态、广播状态和连接状态。当通信系统启动或重置时，传感器进入初始化状态，执行对于传感器的初始化操作；当完成初始化操作时，传感器可以由初始化状态转换至待机状态，在该状态下，传感器等候广播通信指令；当接收到广播通信指令时，传感器可以由待机状态转换至广播状态，与电力网关之间进行广播通信，并建立数据通信连接；在上述过程中，传感器可以由待机状态返回至初始化状态(例如，当传感器性能下降，需要重新进行初始化时)，还可以由广播状态返回至待机状态(例如，当广播任务完成，且不需要进行数据通信时)；当数据通信连接建立时，传感器可以由广播状态转换至连接状态，在该状态下，传感器与电力网关进行数据通信；当数据通信空闲时，为了降低功耗，传感器可以由连接状态返回至待机状态，重新等待广播通信指令，等到下一次通信任务到达时根据广播通信指令进入广播状态，并根据 任务需要返回至待机状态或再次进入连接状态。
本实施例中，通过传感器当通信系统启动时，进入初始化状态，以对传感器进行初始化操作；当完成初始化操作时，由初始化状态转换至待机状态，以供传感器等候广播通信指令；当接收到广播通信指令时，由待机状态转换至广播状态，以供传感器与电力网关建立数据通信连接；当传感器与电力网关建立数据通信连接时，由广播状态转换至连接状态，以供传感器与电力网关进行数据通信；当数据通信空闲时，由连接状态返回至待机状态，可以在确保通信质量的基础上降低传感器状态转换过程的复杂度，降低传感器功耗。
在一个实施例中，上述传感器，还用于当由待机状态转换至广播状态时，在预设的广播信道上根据预设的广播时间间隔发送广播包；广播时间间隔包括固定时间间隔和伪随机时间间隔；上述电力网关，还用于根据预设的扫描时间间隔对广播信道进行扫描，识别传感器发送的广播包。
其中，广播包为广播通信中发送的数据包。
具体实现中，如图3所示，提供了一个通信系统通信状态和通信方式的示意图，低功耗蓝牙的通信方式可以包括广播通信方式，对应链路层状态机中的广播状态。当传感器由待机状态转换至广播状态时，可以在预设的广播信道(例如，第37-39号信道)上根据预设的广播时间间隔发送广播包，其中，广播时间间隔可以由固定时间间隔和伪随机时间间隔组成。电力网关根据预设的扫描时间间隔对广播信道进行扫描，当检测到广播信道中有广播包发送时，识别传感器发送的广播包。
实际应用中，如图3所示，在广播通信方式中，微型智能传感器作为广播者，工作于广播状态，智能电力网关作为扫描者，工作于扫描状态。广播者和扫描者之间不建立蓝牙连接，而是通过广播/扫描的机制实现广播通信。在广播通信过程中，广播者只能发送广播包，扫描者只能接收广播包，因此它们之间的通信是单向的，为降低微型智能传感器的功耗，可以仅使用基本模式。在基本模式中，微型智能传感器以一定的时间间隔为周期在第37-39号广播信道上发送广播包，时间间隔最大可以为10485.759375秒。此外，为了避免多个广播者时间间隔相同而导致冲突，实际的广播时间间隔会在用户设定的固定时间间隔上增加一个由设备自动生成的伪随机时间间隔，伪随机时间间隔范围可以为0-10毫秒。智能电力网关以一定的时间间隔轮流在第37-39号广播信道上持续扫描一段时间，扫描最长时间长度可以为40.96秒。为确保通信质量，可以在通信过程中对信道进行自适应控制，例如，当广播通信中断时，可以重新为广播通信分配广播信道，在信道重分配过程中，可以先检测用户的带宽需求，然后检测是否还有可用信道资源，最后根据可用信道资源或用户需求的优先级进行分配。需要说明的是，由于智能电力网关的取能方式可以为正常外部电源，无需考虑低功耗运行，智能电力网关可以采用扫描时间窗口等于扫描时间间隔的连续扫描方式。
本实施例中，通过传感器当由待机状态转换至广播状态时，在预设的广播信道上根据预设的广播时间间隔发送广播包；电力网关根据预设的扫描时间间隔对广播信道进行扫描，识别传感器发送的广播包，可以在确保通信质量的基础上降低传感器广播通信的复杂度，降低传感器功耗。
在一个实施例中，上述传感器，还用于当由广播状态转换至连接状态时，发送读写特性值请求至电力网关；上述电力网关，还用于当接收到读写特性值请求时，根据读写特性值请求得到特性值，并反馈特性值至传感器。
具体实现中，如图3所示，低功耗蓝牙的通信方式还可以包括GATT(Generic Attribute Profile，普通属性协议)通信方式，对应链路层状态机中的连接状态。当传感器由广播状态转换至连接状态时，传感器可以向电力网关发送读写特性值请求，电力网关在接收到读写特性值请求时，确定读写特性值请求对应的特性值，将该特性值反馈给传感器，或者，电力网关还可以根据读写特征值请求，对相应的特性值进行更新。
实际应用中，微型智能传感器与智能电力网关之间可以通过建立GATT连接来实现双向通信，GATT是一个建立在低功耗蓝牙连接基础上的发送/接收低功耗蓝牙数据的通用规范。当微型智能传感器与智能电力网关建立连接时，可以将微型智能传感器作为GATT客户端、将智能电力网关作为GATT服务器，还可以将微型智能传感器作为GATT服务器、将智能电力网关作为GATT客户端，，其中，GATT服务器是提供数据服务的设备，GATT客户端是读取并使用服务器应用数据的设备。与此相似，从链路层来看，连接状态下蓝牙通信中的主设备和从设备均可以作为GATT客户端，也可以作为GATT服务器；从广播扫描过程来看，广播者和扫描者也均可以作为GATT客户端，也可以作为GATT服务器。
本实施例中，通过传感器当由广播状态转换至连接状态时，发送读写特性值请求至电力网关，电力网关当接收到读写特性值请求时，根据读写特性值请求得到特性值，并反馈特性值至传感器，可以在确保通信质量的基础上降低传感器数据通信的复杂度，降低传感器功耗。
在一个实施例中，上述电力网关，还用于当传感器由广播状态转换至连接状态时，获取特性值，并发送特性值至传感器。
具体实现中，当传感器由广播状态转换至连接状态，处于GATT通信时，传感器无需向电力网关发送读写特性值请求，电力网关可以在确定特性值后，直接将特性值发送至传感器，传感器在接收到特性值后也无需向电力网关反馈。
实际应用中，如图4所示，提供了一个连接状态数据通信过程的示意图，在GATT服务器中，一个配置文件可以包含多个服务(例如，服务1，服务2，…，服务m)，每个服务可以用来完成特定功能，由若 干个特性(例如，特性11，特性12，…，特性1n)的数据结构组成一系列数据的集合，其中，特性即为服务用到的值，GATT通信双方可以通过读写特性值来实现数据交换，例如，GATT客户端和服务器之间可以采用两种通信方式，在第一种方式中，GATT客户端可以向服务器发送读写特性值请求，服务器在接收到读写特征值请求时，根据读写特性值请求将相应的特性值返回给客户端(服务器向客户端发送读写响应)，或者，服务器还可以根据读写特性值请求更新相应的特性值；在第二种方式中，GATT客户端可以不向服务器发送读写特性值请求，服务器可以直接把特性值发送给客户端(服务器向客户端发送特征值通知)，客户端在接收到特性值后无需向服务器进行反馈。
本实施例中，通过电力网关当传感器由广播状态转换至连接状态时，获取特性值，并发送特性值至传感器，可以在确保通信质量的基础上降低传感器数据通信的复杂度，降低传感器功耗。
在一个实施例中，上述电力网关，还用于执行网关初始化操作；当接收到用户发送的网关参数设置指令时，根据网关参数设置指令进行电力网关的网关参数设置；当接收到用户发送的标签读写指令时，确定标签读写指令对应的传感器，得到目标传感器，以供电力网关与目标传感器建立数据通信连接，并根据标签读写指令对目标传感器进行读写操作；若未接收到网关参数设置指令和标签读写指令、或完成网关参数设置和读写操作，则根据预设的扫描时间间隔对广播信道进行扫描，识别传感器发送的广播包。
具体实现中，电力网关在断电或复位重启时执行开机操作，之后进行网关初始化操所，对网关的硬件系统进行初始化。电力网关可以通过互联网接口接收用户发送的指令，用户发送的指令可以包括网关参数设置指令和标签读写指令。当接收到网关参数设置指令时，电力网关可以启动网关管理程序，执行用户指定的参数设置操作；当接收到标签读写指令时，电力网关可以启动标签管理程序，与指定标签建立连接，执行用户指定的标签读写操作；在未接收到用户指令、或根据用户指令完成相应操作的情况下，电力网关可以进入自动扫描模式，执行蓝牙标签广播数据处理程序，根据预设的扫描时间间隔对广播信道进行扫描，识别传感器发送的广播包，当标签广播数据处理完成后或电力网关退出自动扫描模式时，电力网关可以重复执行本实施例中的上述过程。
本实施例中，通过电力网关执行网关初始化操作；当接收到用户发送的网关参数设置指令时，根据网关参数设置指令进行电力网关的网关参数设置；当接收到用户发送的标签读写指令时，确定标签读写指令对应的传感器，得到目标传感器，以供电力网关与目标传感器建立数据通信连接，并根据标签读写指令对目标传感器进行读写操作；若未接收到网关参数设置指令和标签读写指令、或完成网关参数设置和读写操作，则根据预设的扫描时间间隔对广播信道进行扫描，识别传感器发送的广播包，可以使传感器与电力网关之间的通信具备高可靠性、低复杂度和低功耗，使应用于微型智能传感器的通信系统易于安装和运行维 护，减少电力部门运维人员的工作量。
在一个实施例中，网关初始化操作包括服务器连接初始化操作和传感器连接初始化操作；上述电力网关，还用于执行服务器连接初始化操作，以供电力网关与电力物联网服务器建立数据通信连接，并登录电力物联网服务器；电力网关，还用于执行传感器连接初始化操作，以供电力网关扫描传感器发送的广播包，或与传感器建立数据通信连接。
具体实现中，电力网关在开机后，可以执行服务器连接初始化操作，对电力网关与电力物联网服务器之间的连接进行初始化，之后电力网关可以与电力物联网服务器之间建立连接，并进行数据通信；电力网关还可以执行传感器连接初始化操作，对电力网关与传感器之间的连接进行初始化，之后电力网关可以与传感器之间建立连接，进行广播通信或数据通信。
实际应用中，在电力网关对硬件系统进行初始化的过程中，电力网关可以先启动初始化程序对主控芯片进行初始化操作，包括缓存分配、通信接口初始化等；然后主控芯片根据内部存储的网关参数配置信息对互联网接入模块进行初始化，包括通信模块(以太网、Wi-Fi、GPRS、NB-IoT)的选择、与MQTT服务器建立TCP连接并登陆等，成功登陆MQTT服务器后，主控芯片可以开始对低功耗蓝牙模块进行初始化，包括扫描参数设置、连接参数设置等；最后，主控芯片可以控制低功耗蓝牙模块启动扫描或与蓝牙标签建立连接，完成对整个软硬件系统的初始化。
本实施例中，通过电力网关执行服务器连接初始化操作，以供电力网关与电力物联网服务器建立数据通信连接，并登录电力物联网服务器，可以确保电力网关与电力物联网服务器之间的可靠通信；通过电力网关执行传感器连接初始化操作，以供电力网关扫描传感器发送的广播包，或与传感器建立数据通信连接，可以确保电力网关与传感器之间的可靠通信。
在一个实施例中，上述电力网关，还用于当接收到网关参数设置指令时，获取电力网关的网关登录密码，并对网关登录密码进行验证；若验证通过，则根据网关参数设置指令，得到电力网关的网关参数设置值，并判断网关参数设置值是否合法；若是，则根据网关参数设置值更新网关参数，并返回更新成功标识。
具体实现中，当电力网关接收到用户发送的网关参数设置指令时，可以根据指令对网关参数进行设置，用户向电力网关输入网关登录密码，电力网关可以对网关登录密码进行验证，若验证通过，则根据网关参数设置指令对电力网关进行参数设置，电力网关可以获取到网关参数设置值，并判断网关参数设置值是否合法，若合法，则可以根据网关参数设置值更新网关参数，并返回更新成功标识，否则，若不合法，则可以不更改电力网关的参数设置，并返回参数设置失败标识。
实际应用中，用户对于智能电力网关的参数设置事务可以包括MQTT服务器域名设置、TCP端口设 置、Wi-Fi SSID(Service Set Identifier，服务集标识)及密码设置、网关登录密码设置、联网方式选择、联网方式优先级设置、网关工作模式设置、蓝牙扫描参数设置和蓝牙连接参数设置。为了避免未授权用户更改智能电力网关的工作参数，用户需要首先输入网关登录密码才能更改蓝牙网关的工作参数。若密码输入正确，智能电力网关则进入工作参数设置模式，用户可通过更新网关的工作参数。当接收到新的参数值时，智能电力网关会首先检查参数值的合法性，合法则更新网关相应的参数值并返回参数设置成功标志，否则不更改智能电力网关参数设置，并返回参数设置失败标志。此外，在登录状态下，用户可连续更新智能电力网关的多个参数值，直到用户退出登录为止。
本实施例中，通过电力网关当接收到网关参数设置指令时，获取电力网关的网关登录密码，并对网关登录密码进行验证；若验证通过，则根据网关参数设置指令，得到电力网关的网关参数设置值，并判断网关参数设置值是否合法；若是，则根据网关参数设置值更新网关参数，并返回更新成功标识，可以确保对于电力网关参数设置的合法性和有效性，提高数据通信的可靠性。
在一个实施例中，如图5所示，提供了一个用于电力网关的通信方法的流程示意图，以该方法应用于图1中的电力网关102为例进行说明，包括以下步骤：
步骤S510，接收传感器根据蓝牙通信协议所发送的传感器数据；
步骤S520，对传感器数据进行协议转换，得到协议转换数据；协议转换数据适配于消息队列遥测传输协议；
步骤S530，根据消息队列遥测传输协议，发送协议转换数据至电力物联网服务器，以供电力物联网服务器接收协议转换数据，并根据协议转换数据得到电力物联网服务器的服务器接收数据。
具体实现中，电力网关与电力物联网服务器之间可以根据MQTT协议相通信，电力网关中可以设置有低功耗蓝牙接入层、协议转换控制层和广域接入层，电力网关可以通过低功耗蓝牙接入层接入传感器，以及通过广域接入层接入电力物联网服务器。电力网关通过低功耗蓝牙接入层接收到传感器数据后，可以通过协议转换控制层对传感器数据进行协议转换，得到协议转换数据，协议转换数据与MQTT协议相匹配，电力网关可以根据MQTT协议，通过广域接入层将协议转换数据传输至电力物联网服务器。根据MQTT协议，电力物联网服务器也可以将服务器中的数据传输至电力网关。
上述用于电力网关的通信方法的具体限定可以参见上文中对于用于电力网关的通信系统的限定，由于电力网关的处理过程在前述实施例中已有详细说明，在此不再赘述。
本实施例中，通过接收传感器根据蓝牙通信协议所发送的传感器数据，可以使传感器与电力网关之间通信的功耗降低；对传感器数据进行协议转换，得到协议转换数据；协议转换数据适配于消息队列遥测传 输协议，可以使电力网关与电力物联网服务器之间通信的效率提高、时延降低；根据消息队列遥测传输协议，发送协议转换数据至电力物联网服务器，以供电力物联网服务器接收协议转换数据，并根据协议转换数据得到电力物联网服务器的服务器接收数据，可以使应用于微型智能传感器的通信系统具备低功耗、低延迟和较高的传输效率。
在一个实施例中，上述通信方法可以还包括以下步骤：执行网关初始化操作；当接收到用户发送的网关参数设置指令时，根据网关参数设置指令进行电力网关的网关参数设置；当接收到用户发送的标签读写指令时，确定标签读写指令对应的传感器，得到目标传感器，以供电力网关与目标传感器建立数据通信连接，并根据标签读写指令对目标传感器进行读写操作；若未接收到网关参数设置指令和标签读写指令、或完成网关参数设置和读写操作，则根据预设的扫描时间间隔对广播信道进行扫描，识别传感器发送的广播包。
具体实现中，电力网关在断电或复位重启时执行开机操作，之后进行网关初始化操所，对网关的硬件系统进行初始化。电力网关可以通过互联网接口接收用户发送的指令，用户发送的指令可以包括网关参数设置指令和标签读写指令。当接收到网关参数设置指令时，电力网关可以启动网关管理程序，执行用户指定的参数设置操作；当接收到标签读写指令时，电力网关可以启动标签管理程序，与指定标签建立连接，执行用户指定的标签读写操作；在未接收到用户指令、或根据用户指令完成相应操作的情况下，电力网关可以进入自动扫描模式，执行蓝牙标签广播数据处理程序，根据预设的扫描时间间隔对广播信道进行扫描，识别传感器发送的广播包，当标签广播数据处理完成后或电力网关退出自动扫描模式时，电力网关可以重复执行本实施例中的上述过程。
上述用于电力网关的通信方法的具体限定可以参见上文中对于用于电力网关的通信系统的限定，由于电力网关的处理过程在前述实施例中已有详细说明，在此不再赘述。
本实施例中，通过执行网关初始化操作；当接收到用户发送的网关参数设置指令时，根据网关参数设置指令进行电力网关的网关参数设置；当接收到用户发送的标签读写指令时，确定标签读写指令对应的传感器，得到目标传感器，以供电力网关与目标传感器建立数据通信连接，并根据标签读写指令对目标传感器进行读写操作；若未接收到网关参数设置指令和标签读写指令、或完成网关参数设置和读写操作，则根据预设的扫描时间间隔对广播信道进行扫描，识别传感器发送的广播包，可以使传感器与电力网关之间的通信具备高可靠性、低复杂度和低功耗，使应用于微型智能传感器的通信系统易于安装和运行维护，减少电力部门运维人员的工作量。
在一个实施例中，如图6所示，提供了一个用于智能电力网关的通信方法的流程示意图，该通信方法可以基于低功耗蓝牙协议来实现，其中，低功耗蓝牙协议可以具体包括前述实施例中四种通信状态的转换过程，以及广播通信方式和GATT通信方式(如图3所示)。用于智能电力网关的通信方法可以具体包括以下步骤：
1)开始：主要针对智能电力网关断电或复位重启进行实施。
2)硬件系统初始化：智能电力网关首先启动初始化程序对主控芯片进行初始化操作，包括缓存分配，通信接口初始化等；然后主控芯片根据内部存储的网关参数配置信息对互联网接入模块进行初始化，包括通信模块(以太网、Wi-Fi、GPRS、NB-IoT)的选择，与MQTT服务器建立TCP连接并登陆等，成功登陆MQTT服务器后，主控芯片即开始对低功耗蓝牙模块进行初始化，包括扫描参数设置，连接参数设置等；最后，主控芯片控制低功耗蓝牙模块启动扫描或与蓝牙标签建立连接，完成整个软硬件系统的初始化。
3)收到用户指令：智能电力网关检测互联网接口接收到了用户发送的指令进入网关参数的设计，未收到用户指令均进行自动扫描模式。
4)网关参数设置：处理用户对智能电力网关的参数设置事务，主要包括MQTT服务器域名、TCP端口设置、WiFi SSID及密码设置、网关登录密码设置、联网方式选择、联网方式优先级设置、网关工作模式设置、蓝牙扫描参数设置和蓝牙连接参数设置。为了避免未授权用户更改智能电力网关的工作参数，用户需要首先输入网关登录密码才能更改蓝牙网关的工作参数。若密码输入正确，智能电力网关则进入工作参数设置模式，用户可通过更新网关的工作参数。当接收到新的参数值时，智能电力网关会首先检查参数值的合法性，合法则更新网关相应的参数值并返回参数设置成功标志，否则不更改智能电力网关参数设置，并返回参数设置失败标志。此外，在登录状态下，用户可连续更新智能电力网关的多个参数值，直到用户退出登录为止。
5)处理网关指令：收到用户发送的指令会根据指令类型的不同进行不同的处理，处理完成后进入自动扫描模式。若指令为参数设置，系统启动网关管理程序，执行用户指定的参数设置；若指令为标签读写指令，系统启动标签管理程序，与指定标签建立连接并执行用户指定的读写操作。
6)自动扫描模式：若智能电力网关工作在自动扫描模式，智能电力网关则进入蓝牙标签广播数据处理程序。当标签广播数据处理完成后或智能电力网关未工作在自动扫描模式，智能电力网关则重复执行上述流程。
本实施例中，通过低功耗蓝牙协议设计更加简洁的链路层状态和通信协议，可以降低微型智能传感器与智能电力网关通信的能耗，使系统易于安装和运行维护，减少运维人员的工作量；通过MQTT通信协议 实现智能电力网关与电力物联网服务器之间的订阅消息传送，可以保障信息传送的及时性，使电力物联网服务器在发出控制请求后，目标微型智能传感器可最快地执行相应操作和进行响应，并最大限度地缩短了收到回执的时间，可快速更新链路层状态的使用状态，满足电力系统的及时性需求；由于智能电力网关只需订阅1条发布主题和1条订阅主题即可完成操作整个配电房内多个设备，可做到经济实用，实现易于推广的目的，且智能电力网关激活自动化、便于添加设备、易于多配电房管理、可简化操作界面，便于操作。
应该理解的是，虽然图5-6的流程图中的各个步骤按照箭头的指示依次显示，但是这些步骤并不是必然按照箭头指示的顺序依次执行。除非本文中有明确的说明，这些步骤的执行并没有严格的顺序限制，这些步骤可以以其它的顺序执行。而且，图5-6中的至少一部分步骤可以包括多个步骤或者多个阶段，这些步骤或者阶段并不必然是在同一时刻执行完成，而是可以在不同的时刻执行，这些步骤或者阶段的执行顺序也不必然是依次进行，而是可以与其它步骤或者其它步骤中的步骤或者阶段的至少一部分轮流或者交替地执行。
在一个实施例中，如图7所示，提供了一种用于微型智能传感器的通信装置700，包括：接收模块702、协议转换模块704和发送模块706，其中：
接收模块702，用于接收传感器根据蓝牙通信协议所发送的传感器数据；
协议转换模块704，用于对传感器数据进行协议转换，得到协议转换数据；协议转换数据适配于消息队列遥测传输协议；
发送模块706，用于根据消息队列遥测传输协议，发送协议转换数据至电力物联网服务器，以供电力物联网服务器接收协议转换数据，并根据协议转换数据得到电力物联网服务器的服务器接收数据。
在一个实施例中，上述用于微型智能传感器的通信装置700，可以还包括：
初始化模块，用于执行网关初始化操作；
参数设置模块，用于当接收到用户发送的网关参数设置指令时，根据网关参数设置指令进行电力网关的网关参数设置；
标签读写模块，用于当接收到用户发送的标签读写指令时，确定标签读写指令对应的传感器，得到目标传感器，以供电力网关与目标传感器建立数据通信连接，并根据标签读写指令对目标传感器进行读写操作；
扫描模块，用于若未接收到网关参数设置指令和标签读写指令、或完成网关参数设置和读写操作，则根据预设的扫描时间间隔对广播信道进行扫描，识别传感器发送的广播包。
关于用于微型智能传感器的通信装置的具体限定可以参见上文中对于用于微型智能传感器的通信方 法的限定，在此不再赘述。上述用于微型智能传感器的通信装置中的各个模块可全部或部分通过软件、硬件及其组合来实现。上述各模块可以硬件形式内嵌于或独立于计算机设备中的处理器中，也可以以软件形式存储于计算机设备中的存储器中，以便于处理器调用执行以上各个模块对应的操作。
在一个实施例中，提供了一种计算机设备，该计算机设备可以是服务器，其内部结构图可以如图8所示。该计算机设备包括通过系统总线连接的处理器、存储器和网络接口。其中，该计算机设备的处理器用于提供计算和控制能力。该计算机设备的存储器包括非易失性存储介质、内存储器。该非易失性存储介质存储有操作系统、计算机程序和数据库。该内存储器为非易失性存储介质中的操作系统和计算机程序的运行提供环境。该计算机设备的数据库用于存储用于微型智能传感器的通信数据。该计算机设备的网络接口用于与外部的终端通过网络连接通信。该计算机程序被处理器执行时以实现一种用于微型智能传感器的通信方法。
本领域技术人员可以理解，图8中示出的结构，仅仅是与本申请方案相关的部分结构的框图，并不构成对本申请方案所应用于其上的计算机设备的限定，具体的计算机设备可以包括比图中所示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者具有不同的部件布置。
在一个实施例中，提供了一种计算机设备，包括存储器和处理器，存储器中存储有计算机程序，该处理器执行计算机程序时实现以下步骤：接收传感器根据蓝牙通信协议所发送的传感器数据；对传感器数据进行协议转换，得到协议转换数据；协议转换数据适配于消息队列遥测传输协议；根据消息队列遥测传输协议，发送协议转换数据至电力物联网服务器，以供电力物联网服务器接收协议转换数据，并根据协议转换数据得到电力物联网服务器的服务器接收数据。
在一个实施例中，处理器执行计算机程序时还实现以下步骤：执行网关初始化操作；当接收到用户发送的网关参数设置指令时，根据网关参数设置指令进行电力网关的网关参数设置；当接收到用户发送的标签读写指令时，确定标签读写指令对应的传感器，得到目标传感器，以供电力网关与目标传感器建立数据通信连接，并根据标签读写指令对目标传感器进行读写操作；若未接收到网关参数设置指令和标签读写指令、或完成网关参数设置和读写操作，则根据预设的扫描时间间隔对广播信道进行扫描，识别传感器发送的广播包。
在一个实施例中，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现以下步骤：接收传感器根据蓝牙通信协议所发送的传感器数据；对传感器数据进行协议转换，得到协议转换数据；协议转换数据适配于消息队列遥测传输协议；根据消息队列遥测传输协议，发送协议转 换数据至电力物联网服务器，以供电力物联网服务器接收协议转换数据，并根据协议转换数据得到电力物联网服务器的服务器接收数据。
在一个实施例中，计算机程序被处理器执行时还实现以下步骤：执行网关初始化操作；当接收到用户发送的网关参数设置指令时，根据网关参数设置指令进行电力网关的网关参数设置；当接收到用户发送的标签读写指令时，确定标签读写指令对应的传感器，得到目标传感器，以供电力网关与目标传感器建立数据通信连接，并根据标签读写指令对目标传感器进行读写操作；若未接收到网关参数设置指令和标签读写指令、或完成网关参数设置和读写操作，则根据预设的扫描时间间隔对广播信道进行扫描，识别传感器发送的广播包。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程，是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述的计算机程序可存储于一非易失性计算机可读取存储介质中，该计算机程序在执行时，可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中，本申请所提供的各实施例中所使用的对存储器、存储、数据库或其它介质的任何引用，均可包括非易失性和易失性存储器中的至少一种。非易失性存储器可包括只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、磁带、软盘、闪存或光存储器等。易失性存储器可包括随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)或外部高速缓冲存储器。作为说明而非局限，RAM可以是多种形式，比如静态随机存取存储器(Static Random Access Memory，SRAM)或动态随机存取存储器(Dynamic Random Access Memory，DRAM)等。
以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于微型智能传感器的通信系统，其特征在于，所述通信系统包括传感器、电力网关和电力物联网服务器；
    所述传感器，用于获取传感器数据，并根据蓝牙通信协议发送所述传感器数据至所述电力网关；
    所述电力网关，用于接收所述传感器数据，并对所述传感器数据进行协议转换，得到协议转换数据；所述协议转换数据适配于消息队列遥测传输协议；根据所述消息队列遥测传输协议，发送所述协议转换数据至所述电力物联网服务器；
    所述电力物联网服务器，用于接收所述协议转换数据，并根据所述协议转换数据得到所述电力物联网服务器的服务器接收数据。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述传感器，还用于当所述通信系统启动时，进入初始化状态，以对所述传感器进行初始化操作；当完成所述初始化操作时，由所述初始化状态转换至待机状态，以供所述传感器等候广播通信指令；当接收到所述广播通信指令时，由所述待机状态转换至广播状态，以供所述传感器与所述电力网关建立数据通信连接；当所述传感器与所述电力网关建立所述数据通信连接时，由所述广播状态转换至连接状态，以供所述传感器与所述电力网关进行所述数据通信；当所述数据通信空闲时，由所述连接状态返回至所述待机状态。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述传感器，还用于当由所述待机状态转换至所述广播状态时，在预设的广播信道上根据预设的广播时间间隔发送广播包；所述广播时间间隔包括固定时间间隔和伪随机时间间隔；
    所述电力网关，还用于根据预设的扫描时间间隔对所述广播信道进行扫描，识别所述传感器发送的所述广播包。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述传感器，还用于当由所述广播状态转换至所述连接状态时，发送读写特性值请求至所述电力网关；
    所述电力网关，还用于当接收到所述读写特性值请求时，根据所述读写特性值请求得到特性值，并反馈所述特性值至所述传感器。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述电力网关，还用于当所述传感器由所述广播状态转换至所述连接状态时，获取特性值，并发送所述特性值至所述传感器。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述电力网关，还用于执行网关初始化操作；当接收到用户发送的网关参数设置指令时，根据所述网关参数设置指令进行所述电力网关的网关参数设置；当接收 到用户发送的标签读写指令时，确定所述标签读写指令对应的传感器，得到目标传感器，以供所述电力网关与所述目标传感器建立数据通信连接，并根据所述标签读写指令对所述目标传感器进行读写操作；若未接收到所述网关参数设置指令和所述标签读写指令、或完成所述网关参数设置和所述读写操作，则根据预设的扫描时间间隔对所述广播信道进行扫描，识别所述传感器发送的所述广播包。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述网关初始化操作包括服务器连接初始化操作和传感器连接初始化操作；所述电力网关，还用于执行所述服务器连接初始化操作，以供所述电力网关与所述电力物联网服务器建立数据通信连接，并登录所述电力物联网服务器；所述电力网关，还用于执行所述传感器连接初始化操作，以供所述电力网关扫描所述传感器发送的所述广播包，或与所述传感器建立数据通信连接。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述电力网关，还用于当接收到所述网关参数设置指令时，获取所述电力网关的网关登录密码，并对所述网关登录密码进行验证；若验证通过，则根据所述网关参数设置指令，得到所述电力网关的网关参数设置值，并判断所述网关参数设置值是否合法；若是，则根据所述网关参数设置值更新所述网关参数，并返回更新成功标识。
  9. 一种用于微型智能传感器的通信方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    接收传感器根据蓝牙通信协议所发送的传感器数据；
    对所述传感器数据进行协议转换，得到协议转换数据；所述协议转换数据适配于消息队列遥测传输协议；
    根据所述消息队列遥测传输协议，发送所述协议转换数据至电力物联网服务器，以供所述电力物联网服务器接收所述协议转换数据，并根据所述协议转换数据得到所述电力物联网服务器的服务器接收数据。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    执行网关初始化操作；
    当接收到用户发送的网关参数设置指令时，根据所述网关参数设置指令进行所述电力网关的网关参数设置；
    当接收到用户发送的标签读写指令时，确定所述标签读写指令对应的传感器，得到目标传感器，以供所述电力网关与所述目标传感器建立数据通信连接，并根据所述标签读写指令对所述目标传感器进行读写操作；
    若未接收到所述网关参数设置指令和所述标签读写指令、或完成所述网关参数设置和所述读写操作，则根据预设的扫描时间间隔对广播信道进行扫描，识别所述传感器发送的所述广播包。
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