WO2022001255A1 - 一种造影剂成膜剂组合物、造影剂成膜脂液、造影剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种造影剂成膜剂组合物、造影剂成膜脂液、造影剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2022001255A1
WO2022001255A1 PCT/CN2021/084087 CN2021084087W WO2022001255A1 WO 2022001255 A1 WO2022001255 A1 WO 2022001255A1 CN 2021084087 W CN2021084087 W CN 2021084087W WO 2022001255 A1 WO2022001255 A1 WO 2022001255A1
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contrast agent
lipid
forming
film
weight
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PCT/CN2021/084087
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English (en)
French (fr)
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董飞宏
安健
张嘉宾
郭雯雨
张珏
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南京超维景生物科技有限公司
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Priority to EP21831927.5A priority Critical patent/EP4144379A4/en
Publication of WO2022001255A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022001255A1/zh
Priority to US17/736,759 priority patent/US20220257804A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/22—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations
    • A61K49/222—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, liposomes
    • A61K49/227—Liposomes, lipoprotein vesicles, e.g. LDL or HDL lipoproteins, micelles, e.g. phospholipidic or polymeric
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/22—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations
    • A61K49/222—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, liposomes
    • A61K49/223—Microbubbles, hollow microspheres, free gas bubbles, gas microspheres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
    • A61K41/0057—Photodynamic therapy with a photosensitizer, i.e. agent able to produce reactive oxygen species upon exposure to light or radiation, e.g. UV or visible light; photocleavage of nucleic acids with an agent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
    • A61K41/0057—Photodynamic therapy with a photosensitizer, i.e. agent able to produce reactive oxygen species upon exposure to light or radiation, e.g. UV or visible light; photocleavage of nucleic acids with an agent
    • A61K41/0071—PDT with porphyrins having exactly 20 ring atoms, i.e. based on the non-expanded tetrapyrrolic ring system, e.g. bacteriochlorin, chlorin-e6, or phthalocyanines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/0002—General or multifunctional contrast agents, e.g. chelated agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
    • A61K49/0013—Luminescence
    • A61K49/0017—Fluorescence in vivo
    • A61K49/0019—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules
    • A61K49/0021—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules the fluorescent group being a small organic molecule
    • A61K49/003—Thiazine dyes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
    • A61K49/0013—Luminescence
    • A61K49/0017—Fluorescence in vivo
    • A61K49/0019—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules
    • A61K49/0021—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules the fluorescent group being a small organic molecule
    • A61K49/0036—Porphyrins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
    • A61K49/0063—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining characterised by a special physical or galenical form, e.g. emulsions, microspheres
    • A61K49/0069—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining characterised by a special physical or galenical form, e.g. emulsions, microspheres the agent being in a particular physical galenical form
    • A61K49/0076—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining characterised by a special physical or galenical form, e.g. emulsions, microspheres the agent being in a particular physical galenical form dispersion, suspension, e.g. particles in a liquid, colloid, emulsion
    • A61K49/0078—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining characterised by a special physical or galenical form, e.g. emulsions, microspheres the agent being in a particular physical galenical form dispersion, suspension, e.g. particles in a liquid, colloid, emulsion microemulsion, nanoemulsion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/22—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations
    • A61K49/221—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations characterised by the targeting agent or modifying agent linked to the acoustically-active agent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/22—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations
    • A61K49/222—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, liposomes
    • A61K49/225—Microparticles, microcapsules
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/22—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations
    • A61K49/222—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, liposomes
    • A61K49/226—Solutes, emulsions, suspensions, dispersions, semi-solid forms, e.g. hydrogels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y5/00—Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of biomedicine, in particular to a contrast agent film-forming agent composition, a contrast agent film-forming lipid liquid containing the contrast agent film-forming agent composition, a contrast agent containing the contrast agent film-forming lipid liquid and preparation thereof method.
  • Nanodroplets of fluorocarbon liquids wrapped by shell membranes have attracted attention as a novel liquid-to-gas transition ultrasound contrast agent in stimulus-responsive contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging and targeted drug delivery for therapy.
  • the liquid core allows nanodroplets to have smaller particle size and higher stability, and the performance improvement brings more possibilities, especially for nanodroplets to carry drugs. Entering tumor tissue, and then realizing tissue imaging and targeted precision therapy provides great application prospects.
  • Nanodroplets are droplets that wrap liquids with phospholipids, proteins, polymers, etc. as the main membrane material.
  • nano-droplets The preparation method of conventional nano-droplets is similar to that of microbubbles, and can be prepared by ultrasonic cavitation method, homogenization method and condensation method. These nanodroplets can be used for stimulus-responsive contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging and targeted drug delivery for therapy.
  • nano-droplets usually has problems such as wide particle size distribution, poor controllability of carrier experiments, and too high activation threshold to achieve imaging under ultrasonic response. Therefore, for the development of nano-droplets, whether it is scientific research or clinical application, there is an urgent need for a nano-droplet ultrasound contrast agent that can be activated by ultrasound and has a uniform particle size.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems existing in the existing nano-droplets, and to provide a contrast agent film-forming agent composition, a contrast agent film-forming lipid liquid containing the contrast agent film-forming agent composition, and a contrast agent film-forming agent containing the contrast agent. Contrast agent of film-forming lipid liquid and preparation method thereof.
  • composition and preparation method of the present invention can make the obtained nano-droplets of the contrast agent have more uniform particle size, higher stability and better controllability, and the contrast agent of the present invention not only has lower ultrasound
  • the vaporization threshold can be used as an ultrasound contrast agent and can better meet the needs of clinical and scientific research for liquid-gas phase change ultrasound contrast agents, and in a preferred embodiment, it has good optical control properties and can be used as photoacoustic. Contrast agent or multimodal contrast agent, which has broad application prospects.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that by combining specific lipids, emulsifiers and surface charge modifiers with specific components, the resulting contrast agent film-forming agent composition can be better produced in the process of preparing the contrast agent.
  • the adjuvant effect can be obtained to obtain a contrast agent with better properties.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a contrast agent film-forming agent composition, the contrast agent film-forming agent composition comprising lipid, emulsifier and surface charge modifier, relative to 100 parts by weight of the lipid , the content of the emulsifier is 20-50 parts by weight, and the content of the surface charge modifier is 10-35 parts by weight; wherein, the lipid is a carboxylated phospholipid, and the surface charge modifier is a polyelectrolyte .
  • the specific selection and ratio of the above-mentioned lipid, emulsifier and surface charge modifier of the present invention can achieve better effects.
  • the content of the emulsifier is 25-45 parts by weight, and the content of the surface charge modifier is 15-30 parts by weight; more preferably, relative to 100 parts by weight of the lipid, the content of the emulsifier is The content is 30-40 parts by weight, and the content of the surface charge modifier is 22-28 parts by weight.
  • the lipids can be various carboxylated phospholipids, preferably, the lipids are carboxylated phospholipids selected from 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3- Phosphorylcholine (DSPC), Distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE), Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane (DPPE), and Distearoyl One or more of phosphatidylethanolamine-polyethylene glycol (DSPE-PEG).
  • DSPC 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3- Phosphorylcholine
  • DSPE Distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine
  • DPPC Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
  • DPPE 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane
  • Distearoyl One or more of phosphatidylethanolamine-polyethylene
  • the purpose of the present invention can be achieved by containing carboxyl groups in the lipid.
  • the single lipid molecule contains 1-3 carboxyl groups, most preferably one carboxyl group.
  • the content of carboxyl groups in the lipids was determined by infrared spectroscopy.
  • the emulsifier can be an emulsifier commonly used in the art, preferably, the emulsifier is selected from polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG4000), polyethylene glycol 40s (PEG40s), polyoxypropylene One or more of polyoxyethylene block polyether (Pluronic), polyethylene glycol 1400 (PEG1400) and polysorbate-80.
  • PEG4000 polyethylene glycol 4000
  • PEG40s polyethylene glycol 40s
  • PEG40s polyoxypropylene
  • Pluronic polyoxyethylene block polyether
  • PEG1400 polyethylene glycol 1400
  • polysorbate-80 polysorbate-80.
  • polyelectrolyte is a conventional concept in the art, that is, a long-chain polymer with ionizable groups, which will be ionized in polar solvents, so that the polymer chain is ionized. charge.
  • the surface charge modifier is selected from hyaluronic acid, chitosan, sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, carbomer, sodium alginate, polyamine and One or more of hard amines; more preferably, the surface charge modifier is selected from one or more of sodium alginate, polyethyleneimine and polyallylamine hydrochloride.
  • the inventors of the present invention also found that, by introducing a photosensitizer into the contrast agent film-forming agent composition, it can not only help the nano-droplets not only have more uniform particle size, higher stability and better controllability , and can make the nano-droplets of contrast agents have the properties of optical control.
  • the inventors of the present invention found that nano-droplets containing photosensitizers can undergo phase transition under the stimulation of laser light, and then gasify into microbubbles. If ultrasound is combined with laser stimulation, the difficulty of activating nanodroplets can be greatly reduced. Therefore, the contrast agent obtained by the specific embodiment containing the photosensitizer is a multimodal contrast agent, which has a broader application prospect.
  • the contrast agent film-forming agent composition further includes a photosensitizer, and relative to 100 parts by weight of the lipid, the content of the photosensitizer is 10-35 parts by weight, more Preferably it is 15-30 weight part, More preferably, it is 22-28 weight part.
  • the photosensitizer can be various photosensitizers commonly used in the art, preferably, in order to have a better synergistic effect with other components of the present invention, the photosensitizer is selected from methylene blue, porphyrin and their derivatives. one or more.
  • the derivatives of the porphyrin include but are not limited to: hematoporphyrin, photoporphyrin, mesoporphyrin, sodium porphyrin, galloporphyrin, hydrophilic chlorin derivatives, protoporphyrin, copper protoporphyrin morpholino.
  • the inventors of the present invention also found that when the surface-modified gold particles with amino groups were introduced into the lipid shell of the nano-droplet of the contrast agent, on the one hand, the shell of the nano-droplet of the multi-modal contrast agent could be made.
  • the thickness can be adjusted, and on the other hand, the multimodal contrast agent can have better photosensitivity characteristics.
  • the contrast agent film-forming agent composition further comprises gold particles modified with amino groups on the surface, with the lipid, emulsifier, surface charge modifier and photosensitizer (if any) If the total weight of the gold particles is 100 parts by weight, the content of the gold particles is 20-50 parts by weight, more preferably 30-40 parts by weight.
  • each of the gold particles contains 1-20 amino groups, more preferably 3-6 amino groups. Amino content was determined by infrared spectroscopy.
  • the particle size of the gold particles is 1-30 nm, more preferably 5-20 nm.
  • particle size and “average particle size” have different meanings.
  • particle size refers to the geometric spherical diameter of a single particle rather than an average value.
  • the present invention allows certain errors , that is, when the particle size of less than 5% of the total number is not within the required range, it is also considered to meet the requirements; it is measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
  • TEM transmission electron microscopy
  • average particle size refers to the average value of the particle size of all particles in a system, and the average particle size in the present invention refers to the number-average particle size, which is analyzed by particle size analysis based on the principle of dynamic light scattering (DLS). instrument (Malvern, Mastersizer 3000).
  • the surface-modified gold particles with amino groups are added separately in the later stage of preparation, so in the ultrasound contrast agent film-forming agent composition, the surface-modified gold particles are Amino gold particles are stored independently from other components, and other components can also be stored independently of each other.
  • the photosensitizer and the gold particles do not necessarily exist at the same time.
  • the contrast agent film-forming agent composition of the present invention may further contain a drug.
  • the drug can be a variety of drugs required for actual treatment.
  • the drugs include, but are not limited to, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, bleomycin, and the like. All drugs that can be used in contrast agents in the art can be used in the present invention, and those skilled in the art can select specific substances and dosages as required.
  • the contrast agent film-forming agent composition of the present invention may also contain other conventional adjuvants in the art, as long as the performance of other components is not adversely affected, those skilled in the art can choose the content of these other adjuvants.
  • the conventional content in the art can be referred to.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides a contrast agent film-forming lipid liquid
  • the contrast agent film-forming lipid liquid contains the contrast agent film-forming agent composition of the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the contrast agent film-forming lipid liquid containing the contrast agent film-forming agent composition of the first aspect of the present invention is within the protection scope of the contrast agent film-forming lipid liquid described in the second aspect of the present invention
  • the contrast agent film-forming lipid liquid can also contain ingredients conventionally added in the art, such as solvents, adjuvants, drugs, and the like.
  • the present invention can be produced and sold in the form of the contrast agent film-forming agent composition described in the first aspect of the present invention, or it can be made into the contrast agent film-forming lipid of the second aspect of the present invention. It can be produced and sold in the form of liquid (for example, obtained according to step (1) in the method of the fourth aspect of the present invention), and can also be produced and sold in the form of the contrast agent described in the third aspect of the present invention.
  • the contrast agent film-forming lipid liquid When it is produced and sold in the form of the contrast agent film-forming lipid liquid according to the second aspect of the present invention, it needs to be prepared into a contrast agent before use. method, homogenization method, condensation method, etc.), or the method described in the fourth aspect of the present invention.
  • the advantage of being produced and sold in the form of a contrast agent film-forming lipid liquid is that it is easier to store for a long time than a contrast agent.
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides a contrast agent, the contrast agent contains nano-droplets, the nano-liquid is composed of a shell and contents wrapped in the shell, and the shell is made of the contrast agent according to the second aspect of the present invention Agent film-forming lipids are produced.
  • the contrast agent is composed of a continuous phase and a disperse phase
  • the disperse phase is the nano-droplets
  • the continuous phase can be a conventional continuous phase used to prepare ultrasound contrast agents in the field, such as phosphate (PBS) buffer solution.
  • PBS phosphate
  • the contrast agent film-forming lipid liquid described in the second aspect of the present invention can be matched with various conventional contents in the field, and the contrast agent can be obtained by various conventional preparation methods in the field, all within the protection of the present invention within the range.
  • the content may be a drug-containing or non-drug-containing, gaseous or phase-changeable liquid biocompatible substance
  • the biocompatible substance may be selected from the group consisting of air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrogen, nitric oxide , one or more of inert gas, halogenated silane, halogenated alkane, halogenated sulfur.
  • phase-changeable liquid biocompatible substance refers to a substance that can be a liquid state at normal temperature and pressure or a specific environmental condition at normal temperature, but can be converted into a gaseous state at normal temperature under a specific environment or excitation conditions, such as Perfluorocarbons; and perfluorocarbons also have the characteristics of high molecular weight, stable properties, and good biological safety.
  • the contrast agent obtained with liquid perfluorocarbon as the content has the unique properties of liquid-to-gas transition, and can be excited to form a gaseous state under ultrasound, light and other conditions, thereby forming a microbubble contrast agent; the microbubble can occur when ruptured.
  • the contrast agent containing liquid perfluorocarbon can not only achieve a similar effect to the traditional microbubble ultrasound contrast agent, but also its liquid core allows the nano-droplets to have smaller particle size and higher The stability thus provides a huge application prospect for realizing tissue imaging and targeted precision therapy, so it is specially studied in the present invention. Therefore, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the content is a liquid whole body. Fluorocarbon.
  • the perfluorocarbon is selected from one or more of perfluoropropane, perfluorobutane, perfluoropentane and perfluorohexane.
  • perfluoropropane perfluorobutane
  • perfluoropentane perfluorohexane
  • perfluorohexane since these two substances are in liquid state at normal temperature and pressure, there is no need for special
  • the perfluorocarbon is perfluoropropane and/or perfluorobutane, since these two substances are gaseous at normal temperature and pressure, it is necessary to adjust and control the process of preparing the contrast agent film-forming agent and the contrast agent. Temperature and/or pressure keeps it liquid.
  • the method of applying mechanical external force (ultrasonic cavitation method, homogenization method, condensation method, etc.) commonly used in the preparation of gas content is still used when preparing nano-droplets with shell membrane wrapped fluorocarbon liquid as ultrasonic contrast agent.
  • mechanical external force ultrasonic cavitation method, homogenization method, condensation method, etc.
  • the inventors of the present invention found that the particle size distribution of the nano-droplets obtained by this rough method is very wide, so the controllability of the carrier experiment is poor, which also greatly increases the difficulty of the application of nano-droplets;
  • the activation threshold of the obtained nanodroplets is too high, and it usually requires the activation of high energy (usually the corresponding mechanical index is greater than 1.9) of the single-element ultrasonic probe to realize the phase change of the perfluorocarbon in the nanodroplets from the liquid phase to the gas phase. It is difficult to achieve imaging under ultrasound response.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found a method for preparing a contrast agent through the Uzo effect through intensive research and found a film-forming agent composition of a contrast agent suitable for the method, so that the present invention can obtain particles with more uniform particles.
  • Ultrasound contrast agent or multimodal contrast agent with shell membrane wrapped with fluorocarbon liquid which has higher diameter, higher stability, better controllability and lower ultrasonic vaporization threshold.
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a contrast agent, the method comprising the following steps:
  • the first organic solvent is selected from one or more of ethanol, isopropanol and triethanolamine.
  • the amount of the organic solvent is not particularly limited, as long as the composition of the present invention can be dissolved, preferably, the amount of the first organic solvent is such that the contrast agent calculated as lipid
  • the concentration of the film former composition is 0.5-8 mg/mL, preferably 1-5 mg/mL, and most preferably 2-4 mg/mL.
  • the saturation degree of perfluorocarbon in the A solution is 30-100%, more preferably 60-90%.
  • the saturation degree of the perfluorocarbon refers to the mass ratio of the perfluorocarbon dissolved in the solution and the perfluorocarbon when the solution reaches saturation in a unit volume.
  • the hydration solution can be a hydration solution commonly used in the art; preferably, the hydration solution contains glycerol, propylene glycol and phosphate; more preferably, the glycerol, propylene glycol and phosphate
  • the volume ratio is 1:(0.5-3):(5-12), more preferably 1:(1-2):(7-10).
  • step (3) preferably, the volume ratio of the A solution to the hydration solution is 1:(0.3-2), more preferably 1:(0.5-1).
  • step (3) the time for standing and stratification does not need to be specially limited, and the stratification can usually be completed within 10-30 minutes.
  • the method of separating the lipid phase preferably includes: sucking out the upper layer solution obtained by layering and discarding, centrifuging the lower layer liquid (centrifugation speed is, for example, 3000-5000rpm), sucking out and discarding the upper layer solution again , to obtain the material B.
  • the buffer solution is preferably a phosphate buffer solution.
  • the resuspending process preferably includes: after resuspending the material B in the buffer solution, centrifuging, discarding the aqueous phase solution, adding the buffer solution again to resuspend, and repeating the resuspending process.
  • the steps of suspension-centrifugation are performed 2-4 times to obtain the initial nanodroplet solution.
  • the amount of the buffer solution is not particularly limited, preferably, the amount of the buffer solution is such that the lipid concentration in the mixture is 0.1-6 mg/mL, preferably 0.5-4 mg/mL, and the most Preferably 2-4 mg/mL.
  • the initiator is composed of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide ( NHS) in a weight ratio of 1:(0.5-4) (more preferably 1:(0.75-1.5)) combined.
  • EDC 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
  • NHS N-hydroxysuccinimide
  • the amount of the gold particles modified with amino groups on the surface is selected according to the definition in the contrast agent film-forming agent composition described in the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the weight ratio of the amount of the initiator to the surface-modified gold particles with amino groups is (0.5-3):1, more preferably (1-2):1.
  • the contacting conditions preferably include: the temperature is 10-35° C. and the time is 21-36 h.
  • the contacting method is preferably standing, that is, the mixed materials are incubated at the temperature for the time.
  • one of the contrast agents described in the third aspect of the present invention can be prepared.
  • the average particle size of the nano-droplets of the contrast agent is 50-500 nm, more preferably 100-400 nm.
  • the particle size is measured by a particle size analyzer based on the DLS principle.
  • the particle size of the nano-droplets of the contrast agent of the present invention has strong controllability, for example, it can be adjusted by adjusting the lipid concentration and the perfluorocarbon saturation in the contrast agent film-forming lipid liquid. Specifically, in general, the particle size of nanodroplets increases with the increase of lipid concentration, first increases and then decreases with the increase of perfluorocarbon saturation.
  • the polydispersity coefficient of the particle size of the nano-droplets of the contrast agent is 0.05-0.4, and can reach 0.1-0.3 in a preferred embodiment.
  • the polydispersity coefficient refers to the degree of dispersion of the particle size of the nano-droplets, which is expressed by the Dw/Dn formula, (wherein Dw and Dn are the weight-average and number-average particle diameters, respectively), which can be determined by the particle size based on the DLS principle. Diameter analyzer test and calculation.
  • the thickness of the shell of the nano-droplets of the contrast agent is 5-20 nm, more preferably 8-15 nm.
  • the shell thickness was measured by TEM.
  • the shell thickness can be adjusted as desired, eg by increasing the content of gold particles to increase the shell thickness.
  • the present invention has at least the following advantages compared with the prior art:
  • the nano-droplets of the contrast agent of the present invention have a suitable particle size range and higher uniformity
  • the particle size of the nano-droplets of the contrast agent of the present invention has stronger controllability, and the size of the particle size can be adjusted as required;
  • the surface tension and thickness of the shell of the nano-droplet of the contrast agent of the present invention can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of the emulsifier and the photosensitizer, so that the ultrasonic vaporization threshold of the nano-droplet is controllable;
  • the contrast agent of the present invention can realize the imaging under the activation of the ultrasonic imaging probe, and obtain obvious and clear ultrasonic contrast images;
  • the contrast agent of the present invention can not only be used as an ultrasound contrast agent, but also can be used as a photoacoustic contrast agent and a multimodal contrast agent in a preferred embodiment, and has a broader application prospect;
  • the present invention prepares the contrast agent based on the method of the Uzo effect, and the reaction conditions are mild.
  • Example 1 is an image of contrast agent I1 obtained in Example 1 under a transmission electron microscope
  • Example 2 is an image of the contrast agent I1 obtained in Example 1 before (a) and after (b) activation.
  • the PBS buffer solution used in the following examples was prepared by weighing KCl 0.097 g, NaCl 4.005 g, Na 2 HPO 4 ⁇ H 2 O 1.145 g and KH 2 PO 4 0.096 g into a 1 L beaker, adding Dilute the volume of ionized water to 500ml to prepare phosphate buffered saline (PBS solution) for later use (if it is not enough, it can be prepared multiple times).
  • PBS solution phosphate buffered saline
  • Carboxylated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (lipid; each molecule contains 1 carboxyl group, CAS: 63-89-8, purchased from SigmaAldrich), polyethylene glycol 40s (PEG40s) (emulsifier), sodium alginate (surface charge modifier, CAS: 9005-38-3) and methylene blue (photosensitizer) were mixed in a weight ratio of 100:35:25:25 to fully dissolve in the organic solvent ethanol ( The organic solvent dosage makes the lipid concentration 2 mg/mL) to obtain the contrast agent film-forming lipid liquid;
  • Fig. 1 The image of the contrast agent I1 under the transmission electron microscope is shown in Fig. 1. It can be seen from Fig. 1 that the nano-droplets are spheres with a core-shell structure.
  • Carboxylated 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lipid; each molecule contains 1 carboxyl group, CAS: 816-94-4, purchased from from SigmaAldrich), polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG4000) (emulsifier), polyethyleneimine (surface charge modifier, CAS: 9002-98-6) and methylene blue (photosensitizer) at 100:30:28:22
  • the weight ratio is mixed to make it fully dissolved in the organic solvent isopropanol (the amount of the organic solvent makes the lipid concentration 4mg/mL) to obtain the contrast agent film-forming lipid liquid;
  • Carboxylated distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (lipid; each molecule contains 1 carboxyl group, CAS: 1069-79-0, purchased from SigmaAldrich), Pluronic-F68 (emulsifier), Polyallylamine hydrochloride (surface charge modifier, CAS: 30551-89-4) and porphyrin (photosensitizer) were mixed in a weight ratio of 100:40:22:28 to fully dissolve in the organic solvent triethanolamine (the amount of the organic solvent makes the lipid concentration 4 mg/mL) to obtain the contrast agent film-forming lipid liquid;
  • DSPE Carboxylated distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine
  • the difference is that the weight ratio of lipid, emulsifier, surface charge modifier and photosensitizer is changed to 100:23:12:12, and the total weight is kept unchanged.
  • the difference is that the weight ratio of lipid, emulsifier, surface charge modifier and photosensitizer is changed to 100:46:32:32, and the total weight is kept unchanged.
  • step (5) the surface-modified gold particles with amino groups are replaced with the same weight of surface-modified silver particles (Yoshikura Nano, JCSNP03-0010).
  • step (2) the saturation of the A solution is changed to 40%.
  • step (2) the saturation of the A solution is changed to 100%.
  • the difference is that the content of the photosensitizer is changed so that the weight ratio of lipid to photosensitizer is 100:20.
  • the difference is that the content of the photosensitizer is changed so that the weight ratio of lipid to photosensitizer is 100:60.
  • Example 1 The method of Example 1 was followed, except that no gold particles were added.
  • the difference is that no surface charge modifier, emulsifier and photosensitizer are added; specifically, in step (1), the total weight of DPPC, PEG40s, sodium alginate and methylene blue in Example 1 will be The same DPPC was fully dissolved in the same amount of organic solvent ethanol as in Example 1 to obtain a contrast agent film-forming lipid liquid.
  • the contrast agent is prepared by applying mechanical external force, refer to the Supporting information of the paper Super-resolution ultrasound imaging in vivo with transient laser-activated nanodroplets (Nano letters, 2016, 16, 4, 2556-2559) by Geoffrey P. et al.
  • the provided preparation method is carried out. Specifically, including:
  • the contrast agent was obtained, which was denoted as D2.
  • the number-average particle size (Dn, unit nm) of the nano-droplets was detected by a particle size analyzer (Malvern, Mastersizer 3000) based on the DLS principle, and the results were recorded in Table 1;
  • the stability of the contrast agent in vivo is reflected by the half-life of the contrast agent, and the longer the half-life, the higher the stability.
  • the specific test method includes: taking the Japanese long-eared white rabbit as the experimental object, injecting the drug-loaded nano-droplets through the ear vein of the rabbit, adjusting the concentration of the drug-loading nano-droplets to 1 ⁇ 10 11 /ml, and the injection dose to 0.1ml/ml kg, the blood of the long-eared white rabbits was drawn at different times, and the content of phospholipids in the blood was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography.
  • the specific test methods include: embedding drug-loaded nanodroplets into an agar model for in vitro site-specific activation experiments.
  • concentration of drug-loaded nanodroplets is 1 ⁇ 10 9 /ml
  • content of agar is 1% (w/v).
  • the ultrasonic probe center frequency 7.8MHz
  • the ultrasonic probe was placed just above the agar model, and the probe and the agar model were acoustically coupled through an ultrasonic couplant. Adjust the mechanical index of the ultrasound probe and observe the change of gray level in the ultrasound image.
  • the droplet is a weak signal before activation, it is a weak signal in the ultrasonic image, and after activation, it is a strong signal in the ultrasonic image due to the phase change, so the activation of the droplet can be reflected by the change of the grayscale in the ultrasonic image.
  • the droplet activation threshold as the mechanical index that can induce 10% nanodroplet activation corresponding to ultrasound.
  • the specific test methods include: embedding drug-loaded nanodroplets into an agar model for in vitro site-specific activation experiments.
  • concentration of drug-loaded nanodroplets is 1 ⁇ 10 9 /ml, and the content of agar is 1% (w/v).
  • the ultrasonic probe (center frequency 7.8MHz) was placed just above the agar model, and the probe and the agar model were acoustically coupled through an ultrasonic couplant.
  • we use a 760nm laser to irradiate the side of the agar probe, and adjust the laser energy to 1W/cm 2 .
  • Example 1 Take the ultrasound contrast agent I1 prepared in Example 1 as an example for testing. Specifically: taking the Japanese long-eared white rabbit as the experimental object, a peripheral vein channel is established in the left ear of the rabbit through the ear marginal vein, and a three-way tube is connected at the end of the catheter, and one of the channels is used for injecting the drug-loaded ultrasonic contrast agent prepared by the present invention, One channel injects saline. Japanese white rabbits were anesthetized with 3% (40 mg/kg) sodium pentobarbital. After the rabbit was fully anesthetized, the right waist was depilated to facilitate renal imaging.
  • the concentration of the drug-loaded ultrasound contrast agent I1 prepared in Example 1 was adjusted to 1 ⁇ 10 11 /ml, and then bolus injection through the ear vein at a dose of 0.1ml/kg, followed by 1ml of normal saline to flush the pipeline.
  • the B mode of the Vearsonics ultrasound imaging system was used for observation.
  • the center frequency of the ultrasound probe was 7.8MHz
  • the mechanical index MI of the imaging ultrasound pulse before activation was 0.4
  • the mechanical index of the activated ultrasound pulse was 1.5 (the safety threshold value of the human body is 1.9).
  • the real-time ultrasound images before and when the ultrasound was activated are shown in Fig. 2(a) and Fig. 2(b), respectively. It can be seen from Fig.
  • nano-droplets possess the capability of controllable imaging in vivo.
  • the contrast agent nano-droplets obtained from the contrast agent composition of the present invention have smaller particle size and higher homogeneity (lower polydispersity coefficient) , higher stability (longer half-life), and lower ultrasound activation threshold under ultrasound conditions.
  • the contrast agent obtained by the contrast agent composition of the present invention also has optical control properties, and the ultrasound activation threshold can be reduced to below 1.4 under the assistance of optics.

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Abstract

涉及生物医药领域，具体涉及一种造影剂成膜剂组合物、含有该造影剂成膜剂组合物的造影剂成膜脂液，含有该造影剂成膜脂液的造影剂及其制备方法。该造影剂成膜剂组合物包括脂质、乳化剂和表面电荷修饰剂，相对于100重量份的所述脂质，所述乳化剂的含量为20-50重量份，所述表面电荷修饰剂的含量为10-35重量份；其中，所述脂质为羧基化的磷脂，所述表面电荷修饰剂为聚电解质。组合物和制备方法能够使得所得的造影剂的纳米液滴具有更均一的粒径、更高的稳定性和更好的可控性，并且具有更低的超声气化阈值，还能够用作光声造影剂或多模态造影剂，具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种造影剂成膜剂组合物、造影剂成膜脂液、造影剂及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药领域，具体涉及一种造影剂成膜剂组合物、含有该造影剂成膜剂组合物的造影剂成膜脂液，含有该造影剂成膜脂液的造影剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
最近，在超声医学成像研究领域，由壳膜包裹氟碳液体的纳米液滴作为一种新型的液气相变超声造影剂，在刺激响应超声造影成像和靶向药物递送用于治疗方面受到关注。和传统的微泡超声造影剂相比，液态的内核让纳米液滴具备更小的粒径和更高的稳定性，性能的提升带来了更多的可能，特别是为纳米液滴携带药物进入肿瘤组织，进而实现组织成像和靶向精准治疗提供了巨大的应用前景。纳米液滴是一种以磷脂、蛋白质、高分子等作为主要膜材包裹液体的液滴。常规纳米液滴制备方法和微泡类似，可以采用超声空化法、均质化法以及冷凝法进行制备。这些纳米液滴可以用于刺激响应超声造影成像和靶向药物递送用于治疗。
然而目前的纳米液滴在应用中通常存在粒径分布较宽，载体实验可控性较差，以及激活阈值太高，难以实现超声响应下的成像等问题。因此，对于纳米液滴的发展，无论是科学研究，还是应用于临床，都急需一种超声可以激活且粒径均一的纳米液滴超声造影剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有的纳米液滴所存在的上述问题，提供一种造影剂成膜剂组合物、含有该造影剂成膜剂组合物的造影剂成膜脂液，含有该 造影剂成膜脂液的造影剂及其制备方法。本发明的组合物和制备方法能够使得所得的造影剂的纳米液滴具有更均一的粒径、更高的稳定性和更好的可控性，并且本发明的造影剂不仅具有更低的超声气化阈值从而能够用作超声造影剂并且能够更好地满足临床和科学研究对液气相变超声造影剂的需求，还在优选的实施方式中具有很好的光学调控属性从而能够用作光声造影剂或多模态造影剂，具有广阔的应用前景。
本发明的发明人发现，通过将特定的脂质、乳化剂和表面电荷修饰剂以特定成分相配合，能够使得所得的造影剂成膜剂组合物在制备造影剂的过程中更好地产生乌佐效应，从而得到性质更为优异的造影剂。
由此，本发明第一方面提供了一种造影剂成膜剂组合物，该造影剂成膜剂组合物包括脂质、乳化剂和表面电荷修饰剂，相对于100重量份的所述脂质，所述乳化剂的含量为20-50重量份，所述表面电荷修饰剂的含量为10-35重量份；其中，所述脂质为羧基化的磷脂，所述表面电荷修饰剂为聚电解质。
本发明的上述脂质、乳化剂和表面电荷修饰剂的特定选择和配比即能够实现较好的效果，为了进一步地提高造影剂的综合性能，优选地，相对于100重量份的所述脂质，所述乳化剂的含量为25-45重量份，所述表面电荷修饰剂的含量为15-30重量份；更优选地，相对于100重量份的所述脂质，所述乳化剂的含量为30-40重量份，所述表面电荷修饰剂的含量为22-28重量份。
在本发明中所述脂质可以为各种羧基化的磷脂，优选地，所述脂质为羧基化的磷脂，该磷脂选自1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸胆碱(DSPC)、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE)、二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)、1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷(DPPE)和二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇(DSPE-PEG)中的一种或多种。
所述脂质中含有羧基基团即可以实现本发明的目的，优选地，所述单个脂质分子含有1-3个羧基基团，最优选含有1个羧基基团。所述脂质中羧基 基团的含量通过红外光谱测定。
在本发明中，所述乳化剂可以为本领域中常规使用的乳化剂，优选地，所述乳化剂选自聚乙二醇4000(PEG4000)、聚乙二醇40s(PEG40s)、聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯嵌段型聚醚(Pluronic)、聚乙二醇1400(PEG1400)和聚山梨酯-80中的一种或多种。
在本发明中，术语“聚电解质”为本领域常规的概念，即带有可电离基团的长链高分子，这类高分子在极性溶剂中会发生电离，使高分子链上带上电荷。
本发明可以使用各种能够提供正电荷或负电荷的聚电解质作为表面电荷修饰剂。在优选的情况下，为了与其他组分更好地配合，所述表面电荷修饰剂选自透明质酸、壳聚糖、羟甲基纤维素钠、卡波姆、海藻酸钠、聚胺和硬质胺中的一种或多种；更优选地，所述表面电荷修饰剂选自海藻酸钠、聚乙烯亚胺和聚烯丙基胺盐酸盐中的一种或多种。
本发明的发明人还发现，通过将光敏剂引入造影剂成膜剂组合物中，不仅能够有助于纳米液滴不仅具有更均一的粒径、更高的稳定性和更好的可控性，而且能够使得造影剂的纳米液滴具备光学调控的属性。具体地，本发明的发明人发现含有光敏剂的纳米液滴可以在激光的刺激下发生相变，进而气化为微泡。如果超声联合激光刺激，可以大大降低激活纳米液滴的难度。从而，该含有光敏剂的具体实施方式所得的造影剂为多模态造影剂，具有更广阔的应用前景。
基于此，根据一种优选的实施方式，所述造影剂成膜剂组合物还包括光敏剂，相对于100重量份的所述脂质，所述光敏剂的含量为10-35重量份，更优选为15-30重量份，进一步优选为22-28重量份。
所述光敏剂可以为本领域常规使用的各种光敏剂，优选地，为了与本发明的其他成分有更好的协同作用，所述光敏剂选自亚甲基蓝、卟啉以及它们的衍生物中的一种或多种。例如所述卟啉的衍生物包括但不限于：血卟啉、 光卟啉、中卟啉、卟啉钠、镓卟啉、亲水性二氢卟酚衍生物、原卟啉、铜原卟啉。
进一步地，本发明的发明人还发现，当将表面修饰有氨基的金颗粒引入到造影剂的纳米液滴的脂质外壳上时，一方面能够使得多模态造影剂的纳米液滴的外壳厚度可以调节，另一方面能够使得多模态造影剂具有更好的光敏特性。
基于此，根据另一种优选的实施方式，所述造影剂成膜剂组合物还包括表面修饰有氨基的金颗粒，以所述脂质、乳化剂、表面电荷修饰剂以及光敏剂(如果有的话)的总重量为100重量份计，所述金颗粒的含量为20-50重量份，更优选30-40重量份。
优选地，每个所述金颗粒中含有1-20个氨基基团，更优选含有3-6个氨基基团。氨基含量通过红外光谱测得。
优选地，所述金颗粒的粒径为1-30nm，更优选为5-20nm。
在发明中，术语“粒径”与“平均粒径”具有不同的含义。术语“粒径”指的是单个颗粒的几何学球形直径而并非平均值，当为范围时，指同一物料中的该种颗粒的粒径均落在该范围内；同时本发明允许一定的误差，即当占总数量不到5％的颗粒粒径不在要求的范围内时也视为满足要求；通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)测量得到。术语“平均粒径”指的是一个体系中所有颗粒的粒径的平均值，本发明中的平均粒径指的是数均粒径，通过基于动态光散射(DLS)原理的粒粒径分析仪(马尔文，Mastersizer 3000)测得。
由于根据一种具体的实施方式，在制备造影剂的过程中，所述表面修饰有氨基的金颗粒在制备后期单独加入，因此所述超声造影剂成膜剂组合物中，所述表面修饰有氨基的金颗粒与其他组分独立存放，其他组分之间也可以相互独立存放。
在本发明中，所述光敏剂和所述金颗粒不必须同时存在。
本发明的造影剂成膜剂组合物中还可以含有药物。所述药物可以为各种 实际治疗所需要的药物。例如，所述药物包括但不限于紫杉醇、阿霉素、博来霉素等。本领域能够用于造影剂中的药物均可以用于本发明中，本领域技术人员能够根据需要进行选择具体物质和用量。
本发明的造影剂成膜剂组合物中还可以含有其他本领域的常规助剂，只要不会对其他组分的性能产生不利影响，本领域技术人员均可以进行选择，这些其他助剂的含量可以参照本领域的常规含量。
本发明第二方面提供了一种造影剂成膜脂液，该造影剂成膜脂液中含有本发明第一方面的造影剂成膜剂组合物。
只要含有本发明第一方面的造影剂成膜剂组合物的造影剂成膜脂液均在本发明第二方面所述的造影剂成膜脂液的保护范围内，该造影剂成膜脂液中还可以含有本领域常规添加的成分，例如溶剂、助剂、药物等。
为了生产和售卖的需要，本发明可以以本发明第一方面所述的造影剂成膜剂组合物的形式进行生产和销售，也可以将其制成本发明第二方面的造影剂成膜脂液(例如按照本发明第四方面的方法中的步骤(1)得到)的形式进行生产和销售，还可以制成本发明第三方面所述的造影剂的形式进行生产和销售。
当以本发明第二方面的造影剂成膜脂液的形式生产和销售时，在使用时需先将其制备成造影剂，例如可以按照本领域常规的施加机械力的方式(例如超声空化法、均质化法、冷凝法等)，也可以按照本发明第四方面所述的方法。以造影剂成膜脂液的形式进行生产和销售的优势在于相比于造影剂更便于长时间存放。
本发明第三方面提供了一种造影剂，该造影剂中含有纳米液滴，所述纳米液体由壳体和壳体包裹的内容物组成，所述壳体由本发明第二方面所述的造影剂成膜脂液产生。
在本发明中，所述造影剂由连续相和分散相组成，分散相即为所述纳米液滴，连续相可以为本领域常规的用来制备超声造影剂的连续相，例如磷酸 盐(PBS)缓冲溶液。
在本发明中，本发明第二方面所述的造影剂成膜脂液可以与本领域各种常规的内容物搭配、通过本领域各种常规的制备方法得到造影剂，均在本发明的保护范围内。
所述内容物可以为含药物或不含药物的、气态或可相变液态的生物相容物，例如，所述生物相容性物质可以选自空气、氮气、二氧化碳、氧气、氢气、氧化氮、惰性气体、卤代硅烷、卤代烷烃、卤化硫中的一种或多种。其中术语“可相变液态的生物相容物”指的是在常温常压条件或常温某特定环境条件下可以为液态，但在特定环境或激发条件下能够在常温转变为气态的物质，例如全氟化碳；并且全氟化碳还具有分子量高、性质稳定、生物安全性好等特性。以液态的全氟化碳为内容物所得的造影剂具有液气相变的特有性能，能够在超声、光等条件下能够被激发形成气态，从而形成微泡造影剂；微泡能够在破裂时发生惯性空化，使其能够负载药物在靶区定点爆破并局部释放药物，发挥靶向递送药物的治疗作用；微泡空化时在局部产生微流和剪切力，刺激内皮细胞膜的孔隙和细胞之间的通道打开，促进治疗药物递送至细胞内。因此，以液态的全氟化碳为内容物所得的造影剂不仅能够实现与传统的微泡超声造影剂类似的作用，并且其液态的内核让纳米液滴具备更小的粒径和更高的稳定性从而为实现组织成像和靶向精准治疗提供了巨大的应用前景，因而在本发明中予以了专门研究，因此，根据本发明一种优选的具体实施方式，所述内容物为液态的全氟化碳。
优选地，所述全氟化碳选自全氟丙烷、全氟丁烷、全氟戊烷和全氟己烷中的一种或多种。其中，当全氟化碳为全氟戊烷和/或全氟己烷时，由于这两种物质在常温常压下呈液态，因此在制备造影剂成膜剂和造影剂的过程中无需特别地操作；而全氟化碳为全氟丙烷和/或全氟丁烷时，由于这两种物质在常温常压下呈气态，因此在制备造影剂成膜剂和造影剂的过程中需要调控温度和/或压强使其保持液态。
目前制备壳膜包裹氟碳液体的纳米液滴作为超声造影剂时，仍然采用目前制备气体内容物时所常规使用的施加机械外力的方式(超声空化法、均质化法、冷凝法等)来实现膜材乳化进而自组装形成液滴的方式。然而本发明的发明人发现，这种粗暴的方式所获得的纳米液滴粒径分布很宽，因此载体实验可控性较差，也大大增加了纳米液滴应用的难度；并且这种方法制得的纳米液滴激活阈值太高，通常需要在单阵元超声探头的高能量(通常相对应的机械指数大于1.9)激活下才能实现纳米液滴中全氟化碳由液相至气相的相变，难以实现超声响应下的成像。由此，本发明的发明人经过深入研究发现了一种通过乌佐效应制备造影剂的方法并发现了该方法所适用的造影剂成膜剂组合物，从而本发明能够得到具有更均一的粒径、更高的稳定性、更好的可控性以及更低的超声气化阈值的壳膜包裹氟碳液体的超声造影剂或多模态造影剂。
本发明第四方面提供了一种制备造影剂的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将本发明第一方面所述的造影剂成膜剂组合物与第一有机溶剂混合，得到造影剂成膜脂液；
(2)将所述造影剂成膜脂液与全氟化碳液体混合，得到A溶液；
(3)将所述A溶液与水合液混合发生乌佐效应，将所得物料静置分层，并将脂质相分离出来得到物料B；
(4)将所述物料B在缓冲溶液中重悬，得到初始纳米液滴溶液；
(5)将所述初始纳米液滴溶液与表面修饰有氨基的金颗粒和引发剂进行接触。
在步骤(1)中，优选地，所述第一有机溶剂选自乙醇、异丙醇和三乙醇胺中的一种或多种。
在步骤(1)中，所述有机溶剂的用量没有特别的限制，能够将本发明的组合物溶解即可，优选地，所述第一有机溶剂的用量使得以脂质计的所述造影剂成膜剂组合物的浓度为0.5-8mg/mL，优选为1-5mg/mL，最优选为 2-4mg/mL。
在步骤(2)中，优选地，所述A溶液中全氟化碳的饱和度为30-100％，更优选为60-90％。
在本发明中，所述全氟化碳的饱和度指的是在单位体积内，溶解在溶液中的全氟化碳和在该溶液中达到饱和时全氟化碳的质量比。
根据一种具体实施方式，所述饱和度的控制方法包括：首先，将造影剂成膜脂液与过量的全氟化碳液体充分混合得到分层液体，将下层过量的全氟化碳液体弃置，取上层液体即为全氟化碳饱和液(饱和度为100％)；然后，将Y体积的全氟化碳饱和液与Z体积的造影剂成膜脂液混合，配制得到全氟化碳饱和度为a％的A溶液；其中a％＝Y/(Y+Z)×100％，Y单位为mL，Z单位为mL。
在步骤(3)中，所述水合液可以为本领域常规使用的水合液；优选地，所述水合液中含有甘油、丙二醇和磷酸盐；更优选地，所述甘油、丙二醇和磷酸盐的体积比为1：(0.5-3)：(5-12)，进一步优选为1：(1-2)：(7-10)。
在步骤(3)中，优选地，所述A溶液与所述水合液的体积比为1：(0.3-2)，更优选为1：(0.5-1)。
在步骤(3)中，所述静置分层的时间无需做特别的限定，通常10-30min即可以分层完成。
在步骤(3)中，所述将脂质相分离出来的方式优选地包括：将分层所得上层溶液吸出弃置，将下层液体进行离心(离心速度例如为3000-5000rpm)，再次吸出弃置上层溶液，得到所述物料B。
在步骤(4)中，所述缓冲溶液优选为磷酸盐缓冲溶液。
在步骤(4)中，所述重悬的过程优选包括：将所述物料B在所述缓冲溶液中重悬之后，离心，弃置水相溶液，再次加入所述缓冲溶液重悬，重复该重悬-离心的步骤2-4次，得到所述初始纳米液滴溶液。
在步骤(4)中，所述缓冲溶液的用量没有特别的限定，优选地，所述 缓冲溶液的用量使得混合物料中脂质的浓度0.1-6mg/mL，优选为0.5-4mg/mL，最优选为2-4mg/mL。
在步骤(5)中，优选地，所述引发剂由1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)与N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)以重量比1：(0.5-4)(更优选为1：(0.75-1.5))组合得到。
在步骤(5)中，表面修饰有氨基的金颗粒的用量按照本发明第一方面所述的造影剂成膜剂组合物中的限定进行选择。优选地，所述引发剂的用量与所述表面修饰有氨基的金颗粒的重量比为(0.5-3)：1，更优选为(1-2)：1。
在步骤(5)中，所述接触的条件优选包括：温度为10-35℃，时间为21-36h。所述接触的方式优选为静置，即将混合后的物料在所述温度下孵育达所述时间。
通过本发明第四方面所述的方法，能够制备得到本发明第三方面所述的造影剂中的一种。
优选地，所述造影剂的纳米液滴的平均粒径为50-500nm，更优选为100-400nm。粒径通过基于DLS原理的粒径分析仪测得。
本发明的造影剂的纳米液滴的粒径具有较强的可控性，例如可以通过调节造影剂成膜脂液中脂质的浓度和全氟化碳的饱和度来调节。具体地，一般情况下，纳米液滴的粒径随着脂质的浓度的增加而增大，随着全氟化碳的饱和度的增加而先增大后减小。
优选地，所述造影剂的纳米液滴的粒径的多分散系数为0.05-0.4，在优选的实施方式中能够达到0.1-0.3。在本发明中，多分散系数指的是纳米液滴粒径的分散程度，通过Dw/Dn公式表达，(其中Dw、Dn分别为重均、数均粒子直径)，可以通过基于DLS原理的粒径分析仪测试和计算得到。
优选地，所述造影剂的纳米液滴的壳体的厚度为5-20nm，更优选为8-15nm。该壳体厚度通过TEM测得。该壳体厚度可以根据需要进行调节，例如通过增加金颗粒的含量而增大壳体厚度。
通过上述技术方案，本发明与现有技术相比至少具有以下优势：
(1)本发明的造影剂的纳米液滴具有合适的粒径范围和更高的均一性；
(2)本发明的造影剂的纳米液滴的粒径具有更强的可控性，能够根据需要调节粒径的大小；
(3)本发明的造影剂的纳米液滴的外壳的表面张力和厚度可以通过调节乳化剂和光敏剂的量来调节，从而使纳米液滴的超声气化阈值可控；
(4)本发明的造影剂能够实现超声成像探头激活下的成像，获得明显、清晰的超声对比图像；
(5)本发明的造影剂不仅能够用作超声造影剂，并且在优选的实施方式中还能够用作光声造影剂、多模态造影剂，具有更广阔的应用前景；
(6)本发明基于乌佐效应的方法来制备造影剂，反应条件温和。
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值，这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说，各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间，以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围，这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
附图说明
图1是实施例1所得造影剂I1在透射电子显微镜下的图像；
图2是实施例1所得造影剂I1激活前(a)和激活后(b)的图像。
具体实施方式
以下将通过实施例对本发明进行详细描述。本发明所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在没有特别说明的情况下，以下实施例所用的物料均为商购的分析纯。
在以下实施例中所用的PBS缓冲溶液通过以下方法制备：称取KCl 0.097g、NaCl 4.005g、Na 2HPO 4·H 2O 1.145g和KH 2PO 4 0.096g至1L的烧杯中，加入去离子水定容至500ml制得磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS溶液)备用(如果不够用可以多次制备)。
实施例1
(1)将羧基化的二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)(脂质；每个分子含有1个羧基，CAS：63-89-8，购自SigmaAldrich)、聚乙二醇40s(PEG40s)(乳化剂)、海藻酸钠(表面电荷修饰剂，CAS：9005-38-3)和亚甲基蓝(光敏剂)以100：35：25：25的重量比混合，使充分溶解在有机溶剂乙醇中(有机溶剂用量使得脂质的浓度为2mg/mL)，得到造影剂成膜脂液；
(2)将该造影剂成膜脂液的部分取出，加入过量的全氟己烷液体，得到全氟化碳饱和液；将该全氟化碳饱和液与剩余的造影剂成膜脂液混合，配制得到饱和度为80％的A溶液；
(3)将该A溶液与水合液(由甘油、丙二醇和PBS缓冲液以体积比为：1：1.5：8.5混合而成)以体积比1：0.8混合，静置20min，溶液分为两层，吸去上层溶液，将下层液体在4000rpm的速度下进行离心10min，再次吸去上层溶液，得到物料B；
(4)将所述物料B在PBS缓冲溶液中重悬，离心，吸去上层溶液，再次加入PBS缓冲溶液重悬并离心，重复三次，将最后得到的下层物料(记为物料C)与PBS缓冲溶液混合使得混合液中脂质的浓度为4mg/mL，重悬得到初始纳米液滴溶液；
(5)按照物料C：金颗粒：引发剂的重量比为10：3：4向初始纳米液滴溶液加入金颗粒(表面修饰有氨基，每个金颗粒含有3个氨基，金颗粒的平均粒径约10nm；厂家SigmaAldrich，产品编号：765309)和引发剂(由EDC和NHS以重量比1：0.75组成)，在室温20℃孵育24h，得到造影剂， 记为I1。
造影剂I1在透射电子显微镜下的图像如图1所示，从图1可以看出，纳米液滴为具备核壳结构的球体。
实施例2
(1)将羧基化的1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸胆碱(DSPC)(脂质；每个分子含有1个羧基，CAS：816-94-4，购自SigmaAldrich)、聚乙二醇4000(PEG4000)(乳化剂)、聚乙烯亚胺(表面电荷修饰剂，CAS：9002-98-6)和亚甲基蓝(光敏剂)以100：30：28：22的重量比混合，使充分溶解在有机溶剂异丙醇中(有机溶剂用量使得脂质的浓度为4mg/mL)，得到造影剂成膜脂液；
(2)将该造影剂成膜脂液的部分取出，加入过量的全氟己烷液体，得到全氟化碳饱和液；将该全氟化碳饱和液与剩余的造影剂成膜脂液混合，配制得到饱和度为90％的A溶液；
(3)将该A溶液与水合液(由甘油、丙二醇和PBS缓冲液以体积比为：1：1：10混合而成)以体积比1：1混合，静置20min，溶液分为两层，吸去上层溶液，将下层液体在4000rpm的速度下进行离心10min，再次吸去上层溶液，得到物料B；
(4)将所述物料B在PBS缓冲溶液中重悬，离心，吸去上层溶液，再次加入PBS缓冲溶液重悬并离心，重复三次，将最后得到的下层物料(记为物料C)与PBS缓冲溶液混合使得混合液中脂质的浓度为3mg/mL，重悬得到初始纳米液滴溶液；
(5)按照物料C：金颗粒：引发剂的重量比为10：4：6向初始纳米液滴溶液加入金颗粒(表面修饰有氨基，每个金颗粒含有3个氨基，金颗粒的平均粒径约20nm；SigmaAldrich，产品编号：765341)和引发剂(由EDC和NHS以重量比1：0.85组成)，在室温20℃孵育24h，得到造影剂，记 为I2。
实施例3
(1)将羧基化的二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE)(脂质；每个分子含有1个羧基，CAS：1069-79-0，购自SigmaAldrich)、Pluronic-F68(乳化剂)、聚烯丙基胺盐酸盐(表面电荷修饰剂，CAS：30551-89-4)和卟啉(光敏剂)以100：40：22：28的重量比混合，使充分溶解在有机溶剂三乙醇胺中(有机溶剂用量使得脂质的浓度为4mg/mL)，得到造影剂成膜脂液；
(2)将该造影剂成膜脂液的部分取出，加入过量的全氟戊烷液体，得到全氟化碳饱和液；将该全氟化碳饱和液与剩余的造影剂成膜脂液混合，配制得到饱和度为60％的A溶液；
(3)将该A溶液与水合液(由甘油、丙二醇和PBS缓冲液以体积比为：1：2：7混合而成)以体积比1：0.5混合，静置20min，溶液分为两层，吸去上层溶液，将下层液体在4000rpm的速度下进行离心10min，再次吸去上层溶液，得到物料B；
(4)将所述物料B在PBS缓冲溶液中重悬，离心，吸去上层溶液，再次加入PBS缓冲溶液重悬并离心，重复三次，将最后得到的下层物料(记为物料C)与PBS缓冲溶液混合使得混合液中脂质的浓度为3.5mg/mL，重悬得到初始纳米液滴溶液；
(5)按照物料C：金颗粒：引发剂的重量比为10：3：6向初始纳米液滴溶液加入金颗粒(表面修饰有氨基，每个金颗粒含有3个氨基，金颗粒的平均粒径约20nm；厂家SigmaAldrich，产品编号：765341)和引发剂(由EDC和NHS以重量比1：1组成)，在室温20℃孵育24h，得到造影剂，记为I3。
实施例4
参照实施例1的方法，所不同的是，将脂质、乳化剂、表面电荷修饰剂和光敏剂的重量比改为100：23：12：12，并保持总重量不变。
最终得到造影剂，记为I4。
实施例5
参照实施例1的方法，所不同的是，将脂质、乳化剂、表面电荷修饰剂和光敏剂的重量比改为100：46：32：32，并保持总重量不变。
最终得到造影剂，记为I5。
实施例6
参照实施例1的方法，所不同的是，将步骤(5)中表面修饰有氨基的金颗粒替换为同等重量的表面修饰有氨基的银颗粒(吉仓纳米，JCSNP03-0010)。
最终得到造影剂，记为I6。
实施例7
参照实施例1的方法，所不同的是，在步骤(2)中改变A溶液的饱和度为40％。
最终得到造影剂，记为I7。
实施例8
参照实施例1的方法，所不同的是，在步骤(2)中改变A溶液的饱和度为100％。
最终得到造影剂，记为I8。
实施例9
参照实施例1的方法，所不同的是，不加入光敏剂。
最终得到造影剂，记为I9。
实施例10
参照实施例1的方法，所不同的是，改变光敏剂的含量使得脂质与光敏剂的重量比为100：20。
最终得到造影剂，记为I10。
实施例11
参照实施例1的方法，所不同的是，改变光敏剂的含量使得脂质与光敏剂的重量比为100：60。
最终得到造影剂，记为I11。
实施例12
参照实施例1的方法，所不同的是，不加入金颗粒。
最终得到造影剂，记为I12。
对比例1
参照实施例1的方法，所不同的是，不加入表面电荷修饰剂、乳化剂和光敏剂；具体地，在步骤(1)中，将与实施例1DPPC、PEG40s、海藻酸钠和亚甲基蓝总重量相同的DPPC充分溶解在与实施例1等量的有机溶剂乙醇中，得到造影剂成膜脂液。
最终得到造影剂，记为D1。
对比例2
采用施加机械外力的方式制备造影剂，参照Geoffrey P.等人的论文Super-resolution ultrasound imaging in vivo with transient laser-activated nanodroplets(Nano letters,2016,16,4,2556-2559)的Supporting information 中所提供的制备方法进行。具体地，包括：
(D-1)按照实施例1的步骤(1)进行，但是参照该论文将脂质DPPC替换为相同重量的水，制备得到造影剂成膜脂液；
(D-2)在180W超声波浴中，将所述造影剂成膜脂液与全氟己烷液体混合，参照该论文使全氟己烷过量，得到D-A溶液；
(D-3)将该D-A溶液涡旋10秒，并在超声浴中超声处理5分钟，得到物料D-B；
(D-4)将物料D-B在1000rcf下离心5分钟洗涤，将其重悬于PBS缓冲溶液中，等待30分钟。
得到造影剂，记为D2。
测试例
(1)纳米液滴的粒径和均一性
通过基于DLS原理的粒径分析仪(马尔文，Mastersizer 3000)检测纳米液滴的数均粒径(Dn，单位nm)，将结果记于表1中；
并且使用该粒径分析仪检测纳米液滴的重均粒径(Dw，单位nm)，并计算多分散系数＝Dw/Dn，将结果记于表1中。
(2)稳定性测试
造影剂在体内的稳定性通过造影剂的半衰期来反应，半衰期越长，表明稳定性越高。具体的测试方法包括：以日本长耳白兔作为实验对象，通过兔子耳缘静脉注射载药纳米液滴，调整载药纳米液滴的浓度为1×10 11/ml，注射剂量为0.1ml/kg，在不同的时刻抽取长耳白兔的血液，通过高效液相色谱监测血液中磷脂的含量，设定血液中磷脂浓度为初始注射浓度的一半时对应的时间为造影剂的半衰期。
将实施例和对比例的造影剂所测得的半衰期结果分别记于表1中。
(3)超声激活阈值检测(无光学辅助)
进行体外超声激活实验，将结果记于表1中。具体测试方法包括：将载药纳米液滴嵌入琼脂模型中进行体外定点激活实验。这里载药纳米液滴的浓度为1×10 9/ml，琼脂的含量为1％(w/v)。超声探头(中心频率7.8MHz)放置在琼脂模型的正上方，探头和琼脂模型中通过超声耦合剂进行声学耦合。调整超声探头的机械指数，观察超声图像中灰度的变化。由于液滴为激活前，超声图像中为弱信号，激活后，由于相变成为微泡，在超声图像中为强信号，因此可以通过超声图像中灰度的变化来反应液滴的激活情况。在感兴趣的区域内，我们设定能引起10％纳米液滴激活对应超声的机械指数为液滴的激活阈值。
(4)光学辅助下的超声阈值检测
进行体外光学辅助下的超声定点激活实验，将结果记于表1中。具体测试方法包括：将载药纳米液滴嵌入琼脂模型中进行体外定点激活实验。这里载药纳米液滴的浓度为1×10 9/ml，琼脂的含量为1％(w/v)。超声探头(中心频率7.8MHz)放置在琼脂模型的正上方，探头和琼脂模型中通过超声耦合剂进行声学耦合。与超声激活阈值不同的是，我们在琼脂探头的侧边采用760nm的激光进行照射，调整激光的能量为1W/cm 2。更进一步，调整超声探头的机械指数，观察超声图像中灰度的变化。由于液滴为激活前，超声图像中为弱信号，激活后，由于相变成为微泡，在超声图像中为强信号，因此可以通过超声图像中灰度的变化来反应液滴的激活情况。在感兴趣的区域内，我们设定能引起10％纳米液滴激活对应超声的机械指数为光学辅助下液滴的激活阈值。
(5)超声激活效果测定
以实施例1制备的超声造影剂I1为例进行测试。具体地：以日本长耳白兔为实验对象，在兔左耳经耳缘静脉建立外周静脉通道，在导管末端连接三通管，其中一个通道用于注射本发明制备的载药超声造影剂，一个通道注射生理盐水。用3％(40mg/kg)的戊巴比妥钠对日本大耳白兔进行腹腔麻 醉。兔子完全麻醉后，对其右腰部进行脱毛处理方便肾脏成像。调整实施例1制备的载药超声造影剂I1的浓度为1×10 11/ml，然后按照0.1ml/kg的剂量经耳缘静脉团注，即可尾随1ml生理盐水冲洗管道。采用Vearsonics超声成像系统的B模式进行观察，超声探头的中心频率为7.8MHz，激活前成像超声脉冲的机械指数MI＝0.4，激活超声脉冲的机械指数为1.5(人体的安全阈限值为1.9)，观察该超声激活前和激活时的实时超声图像分别如图(a)2和图2(b)所示。从图2可以看出，激活前，由于纳米液滴未发生气化，在超声图像中显示为暗信号，激活后，由于纳米液滴发生了气化，因此在超声图像中显示为亮信号，因此，纳米液滴具备体内可控成像的能力。
表1
Figure PCTCN2021084087-appb-000001
从表1可以看出，与现有技术相比，本发明的造影剂组合物所得到的造影剂的纳米液滴具有更小的粒径、更高的均一性(更低的多分散系数)、更高的稳定性(更长的半衰期)，在超声条件下具有更低的超声激活阈值。并且本发明的造影剂组合物所得到的造影剂还具备光学调控属性，在光学辅助下，超声激活阈值能够降到1.4以下。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，包括各个技术特征以任何其它的合适方式进行组合，这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容，均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种造影剂成膜剂组合物，其特征在于，该造影剂成膜剂组合物包括脂质、乳化剂和表面电荷修饰剂，相对于100重量份的所述脂质，所述乳化剂的含量为20-50重量份，所述表面电荷修饰剂的含量为10-35重量份；其中，所述脂质为羧基化的磷脂，所述表面电荷修饰剂为聚电解质。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的造影剂成膜剂组合物，其中，相对于100重量份的所述脂质，所述乳化剂的含量为25-45重量份，所述表面电荷修饰剂的含量为15-30重量份。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的造影剂成膜剂组合物，其中，所述脂质为羧基化的磷脂，该磷脂选自1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸胆碱、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱、1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷和二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇中的一种或多种。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的造影剂成膜剂组合物，其中，所述乳化剂选自聚乙二醇4000、聚乙二醇40s、聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯嵌段型聚醚、聚乙二醇1400和聚山梨酯-80中的一种或多种。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的造影剂成膜剂组合物，其中，所述表面电荷修饰剂选自透明质酸、壳聚糖、羟甲基纤维素钠、卡波姆、海藻酸钠、聚胺和硬质胺中的一种或多种。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的造影剂成膜剂组合物，其中，所述造影剂成膜剂组合物还包括光敏剂，相对于100重量份的所述脂质，所述光敏剂的含量为10-35重量份，更优选为15-30重量份；
    优选地，所述光敏剂选自亚甲基蓝、卟啉、血卟啉、光卟啉、中卟啉、卟啉钠、镓卟啉、亲水性二氢卟酚衍生物、原卟啉和铜原卟啉中的一种或多种。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的造影剂成膜剂组合物，其中，所述造影剂成膜剂组合物还包括表面修饰有氨基的金颗粒，相对于所述脂质、乳化剂、表面电荷修饰剂以及光敏剂的总重量，所述金颗粒的含量为20-50重量份；
    优选地，所述金颗粒的粒径为1-30nm。
  8. 一种造影剂成膜脂液，其特征在于，该造影剂成膜脂液中含有权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的造影剂成膜剂组合物，或者由所述造影剂成膜剂组合物制备得到。
  9. 一种造影剂，其特征在于，该造影剂中含有纳米液滴，所述纳米液体由壳体和壳体包裹的内容物组成，所述壳体由权利要求8所述的造影剂成膜脂液产生。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的造影剂，其中，所述内容物为含药物或不含药物的、气态或可相变液态的生物相容物；
    优选地，所述生物相容性物质选自空气、氮气、二氧化碳、氧气、氢气、氧化氮、惰性气体、卤代硅烷、卤代硅烷、卤代烷烃、卤化硫中的一种或多种；
    优选地，所述内容物为液态的全氟化碳。
  11. 一种制备造影剂的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤：
    (1)将权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的造影剂成膜剂组合物与第一有 机溶剂混合，得到造影剂成膜脂液；
    (2)将所述造影剂成膜脂液与全氟化碳液体混合，得到A溶液；
    (3)将所述A溶液与水合液混合发生乌佐效应，将所得物料静置分层，并将脂质相分离出来得到物料B；
    (4)将所述物料B在缓冲溶液中重悬，得到初始纳米液滴溶液；
    (5)将所述初始纳米液滴溶液与表面修饰有氨基的金颗粒和引发剂进行接触。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，在步骤(2)中，所述A溶液中全氟化碳的饱和度为30-100％。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的方法，其中，在步骤(3)中，所述水合液为体积比为1：(0.5-3)：(5-12)的甘油、丙二醇和磷酸盐的混合液。
  14. 根据权利要求11-13中任意一项所述的方法，其中，在步骤(3)中，所述A溶液与所述水合液的体积比为1：(0.3-2)。
  15. 根据权利要求11-14中任意一项所述的方法，其中，在步骤(5)中，所述引发剂的用量与所述表面修饰有氨基的金颗粒的重量比为(0.5-4)：1。
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US20220257804A1 (en) 2022-08-18
EP4144379A4 (en) 2024-05-15
CN111729093A (zh) 2020-10-02
EP4144379A1 (en) 2023-03-08

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