WO2021262028A1

WO2021262028A1 - Modular deaeration system

Info

Publication number: WO2021262028A1
Application number: PCT/RU2021/000138
Authority: WO
Inventors: Наргиз Габбасович МАЛИКОВ
Original assignee: Наргиз Габбасович МАЛИКОВ
Priority date: 2020-06-25
Filing date: 2021-04-01
Publication date: 2021-12-30
Also published as: RU2745212C1

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of thermal power engineering and can be used in heating systems to remove corrosive gases from the feedwater of steam boilers and hot water boilers and also from makeup water for heat supply networks. A modular deaeration system comprises a main deaeration unit based on a centrifugal vortex deaerator connected by pipes to two droplet dispersers in communication with the cavity of a droplet disperser tank having a flash steam outlet channel for flash steam from the centrifugal vortex deaerator, the system further comprising a unit of heat exchangers, and/or a flash steam cooling unit, and/or a flash steam cooling unit and a gas separation unit, and/or a flash steam cooling unit, a gas separation unit and a vacuum generating unit comprising an ejector and a circulating pump, as well as a feed pump, a pump control unit, and a system control unit, which can be selectively configured as modules with modifications depending on the operating mode of the system, wherein an inlet of the centrifugal vortex deaerator is connected to a deaerated water supply line either directly, with the water being heated to saturation temperature at the inlet, or via a heat exchanger for heating water to be deaerated, to which a heating agent is fed, deaerated water is delivered to the consumer directly from the droplet disperser tank or via a heat exchanger for cooling deaerated water, and the flash steam outlet channel opens freely into the atmosphere or is connected to a flash steam cooling unit, to which water to be deaerated is fed as a coolant, wherein each module is a functionally and structurally independent unit arranged in the vicinity of the droplet disperser tank. In specific embodiments, the modular deaeration system can be configured: to comprise a module containing a main deaeration unit, and a unit of heat exchangers including a heater for water to be deaerated and a cooler for deaerated water; to comprise a module containing a main deaeration unit, and a flash steam cooling unit; to comprise a module containing a main deaeration unit, a flash steam cooling unit, and a unit of heat exchangers including a heater for water to be deaerated and a cooler for deaerated water; to comprise a module containing a main deaeration unit, a flash steam cooling unit, a gas separation unit, and a heat exchanger for cooling deaerated water; to comprise a module containing a main deaeration unit, a flash steam cooling unit, a gas separation unit, a unit of heat exchangers including a heater for water to be deaerated and a cooler for deaerated water; to comprise a module containing a main deaeration unit, a flash steam cooling unit, a gas separation unit, a heat exchanger for heating water to be deaerated, and a vacuum generating unit comprising an ejector and a circulating pump. Each unit of the modular deaeration system can have its own set of cabling, shut-off and control valves, and temperature and pressure sensors and regulators. The proposed modular deaeration unit makes it possible to create a standardized and economical deaeration system with improved manufacturability as a result of the unit-based design of the modules, the configuration of which is determined by the particular functions and operating modes of the system. Furthermore, the use of standardized modules makes it possible to simplify the installation of equipment and the subsequent operation of the deaeration system.

Description

Modular deaeration unit.

The invention relates to the field of heat power engineering and can be used in heating systems to remove corrosive gases from feed water of steam and hot water boilers, as well as make-up water for heating networks.

A big problem in the heat power industry is the unsatisfactory operation of deaeration plants (DU), designed to remove corrosive gases - oxygen and carbon dioxide (dissolved and in the form of bubbles) from water, which leads to intensive internal corrosion of pipelines of heating networks, boilers and auxiliary equipment ...

To remove gases dissolved in water, thermal deaeration of water is used, which, depending on the heating temperature, can be carried out in three ways:

- at increased pressure;

- at atmospheric pressure;

- vacuum deaeration.

From the prior art, a method of thermal deaeration of water is known, according to which the removal of gases is carried out upon contact of the heating medium and deaerated water, which is heated to a predetermined temperature before being fed into the deaeration device, and the resulting vapor-gas mixture is removed and condensed (RU 2233241, IPC C02F1 / 20, B01D19 / 00, published 27.07.2004). The heating agent flow rate is controlled according to a predetermined residual content of the removed gases, and the heating agent flow rate is set based on the need to achieve a predetermined content of the most difficult to remove gas. The disadvantage of this method is the suboptimal supply of the heating medium, in particular, due to a drop in steam pressure in the case of a powerful consumer or a drop in water temperature, the quality of deaeration decreases, and it is often not possible to add a heating medium, therefore this method does not provide high quality and efficiency deaeration.

A known method of thermal deaeration of water and a device for its implementation (RU 2492145, IPC C02F1 / 20, B01D19 / 00, published on 20.12.2012). The method includes deaeration of water at the saturation temperature, removal of the gas phase and the resulting vapor, regulation of the vapor flow in proportion to the flow of source water, condensation of vapor and removal of non-condensed gases. First, the concentration of the residual gas in the deaerated liquid is set, the amount of vapor is calculated from the flow rate of the source water, the flow rate of the heating medium is controlled according to the set value of the vapor and its real value. The optimal flow rate of the heating medium is provided by the signal of the discrepancy between these values, and the control signal regulates the amount of the heating medium. The device includes a deaerator with pipelines of source water and vapor, as well as a heating medium and deaerated water with flow sensors installed on them, a condensation unit for vapor and gas separation, a regulating body on the heating medium pipeline, a control controller connected to flow sensors of source water, vapor, and a regulating body for regulating the flow rate of the heating medium, as well as a vapor condensation and gas separation unit installed in the cut of the feed water pipeline.

The disadvantage of this invention is the lack of unification, i.e. the possibility of its use for various modes of deaeration with appropriate completing of blocks and technological methods of the deaeration process.

The objective of the invention is to create a unified and economical control system with reduced costs for its implementation.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the manufacturability of the propulsion system and the quality of water deaeration due to the block principle of constructing modules, the layout of which is determined by the specified functions and operating modes.

The specified technical result is achieved by a modular deaeration unit containing a basic deaeration unit made on the basis of a centrifugal-vortex deaerator connected by means of nozzles with two droplet dispersants communicating with the cavity of the drip disperser tank having a vapor outlet channel connected to the vapor from the centrifugal vortex deaerator. which additionally contains a heat exchanger unit and / or a vapor cooler unit and / or a vapor cooler unit and a gas separation unit and / or a vapor cooler unit, a gas separation unit and a vacuum generating unit, including an ejector and a circulation pump, as well as a feed pump, a control unit pump, the control unit of the installation with the possibility of their selective layout as part of modules with modified design depending on the operating mode of the installation, and the inlet of the centrifugal-vortex deaerator is connected to the deaerated water supply pipeline or directly with its heating at the inlet to saturation temperature, or through a heat exchanger - a deaerated water heater, to which a heating medium (steam, water) is supplied, deaerated water enters the consumer directly from a drip disperser tank or through a heat exchanger - a deaerated water cooler, and the vapor outlet channel has a free outlet to the atmosphere or is connected with block a vapor cooler, to which deaerated water is supplied as a cooling medium, with each module being a functionally and structurally separate unit located around the tank of droplet dispersants.

According to the invention, the installation can be performed using a module containing a basic deaeration unit, a heat exchanger unit including a deaerated water heater and a deaerated water cooler.

According to the invention, the installation can be performed using a module containing a basic deaeration unit, a vapor cooler unit.

According to the invention, the installation can be performed using a module containing a basic deaeration unit, a vapor cooler unit and a heat exchanger unit including a deaerated water heater and a deaerated water cooler.

According to the invention, the installation can be performed using a module containing a basic deaeration unit, a vapor cooler unit, a gas separation unit, a heat exchanger - deaerated water cooler.

According to the invention, the installation can be performed using a module containing a basic deaeration unit, a vapor cooler unit, a gas separation unit, a heat exchanger unit including a deaerated water heater and a deaerated water cooler.

According to the invention, the installation can be performed using a module containing a basic deaeration unit, a vapor cooler unit, a gas separation unit, a heat exchanger - a deaerated water heater, a vacuum generating unit including an ejector and a circulation pump. According to the invention, each unit of the installation can have its own set of cable network, shut-off and control valves, sensors and regulators of temperature, pressure and liquid level.

The technical result of the invention is achieved due to the following.

The construction of deaeration plants using modules, the layout of which is determined by the functions and modes of operation, allows you to optimally use technological methods in each individual case of the installation, unify the production process, reduce the costs and production time of the propulsion system with predetermined technical parameters without additional design costs

For the implementation of the claimed invention, the technological methods and the composition of the blocks are preliminarily determined, proceeding from the functional expediency. Then, a layout diagram of the installation is built, the blocks with associated fittings and sensors are installed in the corresponding module with its constructive binding to the drop dispersion tank. Next, thermal deaeration of water is carried out at the saturation (boiling) temperature, which is ensured by regulating the required amount of the supplied heating medium according to a control signal from the installation control unit, made, for example, in the form of a controller.

If it is possible to preheat the deaerated water to the saturation temperature at the design pressure in the deaerator, then the DU operates without supplying a centrifugal vortex (DCV) heating medium (steam, water) to the deaerator, that is, on the "initial effect", thus boiling and formation The vapor in the centrifugal-vortex deaerator and the tank of droplet dispersants comes directly from the deaerated water. Without preheating the deaerated water, it can be heated with a heating medium directly in the DCV. The essence of the invention is illustrated by schematic diagrams, which show particular cases of the implementation of the invention, depending on the operating modes of the modular deaeration unit (MDU): Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an MDU using a module containing a basic deaeration unit, a heat exchanger unit; in fig. 2, 3 - using a module containing a basic deaeration unit, a vapor cooler unit; in fig. 4 - using a module containing a basic deaeration unit, a vapor cooler unit and a heat exchanger unit; in fig. 5, 6 - using a module containing a basic deaeration unit, a vapor cooler unit, a heat exchanger unit, a gas separation unit; in fig. 7, 8 - using a module containing a basic deaeration unit, a vapor cooler unit, a heat exchanger unit, a gas separation unit, a vacuum generating unit; in fig. 9, 10 are schematic diagrams of the MLA, illustrating specific examples of the implementation of the invention, in Fig. 11 - ZD model of an example implementation. In this case, in the schematic diagrams of FIG. 1 - 8 for reasons of their non-cluttering, the pump and installation control units are not shown, and the primary measuring devices are not shown.

MDU (Fig. 1) contains a basic deaeration unit (BD) 1, installed on a tank of droplet dispersers (BKD) 2, and including a centrifugal vortex deaerator (DCV) 3, connected by pipes with two droplet dispersers (KD) 4, communicating with the cavity a tank of drip dispersers, having a vapor outlet channel 5, to which vapor from the DCV is connected. The block of heat exchangers includes a deaerated water heater (PDW) 6 and a deaerated water cooler (EFA) 7.

MDU (Fig. 2, 3) is implemented using a module containing a BDU 1, a vapor cooler unit 8. The deaerated water is heated to the saturation temperature (Fig. 2), and the vapor is disposed of by cooling on surface evaporator cooler (POV) 8, which receives cooling water. In this case, BD 1 uses a DCV operating on the "initial effect". From the vapor cooler, non-condensable gases are discharged into the atmosphere, and the vapor condensate is discharged into the condensate collection tank (not shown in the diagram), the heated water is returned to the circulation system. This MDU operates in atmospheric mode and high pressure mode.

Using a similar module, the MDU is implemented (Fig. 3), in which the deaerated water has a temperature below the saturation temperature, and the vapor is disposed of at POV 8. The deaerated water is heated to saturation temperature in DCV 3, where the heating medium is supplied. In this case, cold deaerated water is supplied to POV 8 and condenses the vapor. From the vapor cooler, non-condensable gases are discharged into the atmosphere, and the vapor condensate is discharged into the condensate collection tank (not shown in the diagram), the heated deaerated water enters the BBD 1.

MDU (Fig. 4) is implemented using a module containing a BDB

1, POV 8 and a block of heat exchangers, including PDV 6 and ODV 7. In this case, the implementation of deaerated water, having a temperature below the saturation temperature, is the cooling medium in POV 8, from where non-condensable gases are discharged into the atmosphere, and the vapor condensate is discharged into the condensate collection tank ... Then the heated deaerated water enters the heat exchanger - ОДВ 7, where the deaerated water is additionally heated, recuperating the heat of the deaerated water coming from the BKD

2. Then the deaerated water enters the PDV 6, where it is heated to the saturation temperature by supplying it with a heating medium. The deaerated water heated to the saturation temperature enters the BD 1 operating on the "initial effect". This MDU is designed for deaeration of water in atmospheric mode and high pressure mode. For deaeration of water in atmospheric mode, MDUs are used (Figs 5, 6), which are implemented on the basis of a module containing a BD 1, a heat exchanger block including PDV 6 and ODV 7, a vapor cooler unit 8, a gas separation unit 9, a feed pump 10.

If the deaerated water has a temperature below the saturation temperature, and the vapor is disposed of on a contact vapor cooler (OVK) 8, the water is heated to the saturation temperature by supplying a heating medium to the diesel fuel (V 3. In this case, cold deaerated water is supplied to OVK 8 and condenses the vapor (Fig. 5) Non-condensable gases are discharged from the evaporator cooler into the atmosphere, and the heated water is discharged into the gas separation unit (BGU) 9, then the feed pump 10 supplies heated deaerated water to the heat exchanger - OFA 7, where the deaerated water is additionally heated, recuperating the heat deaerated water, and then enters BD 1.

If the deaerated water has a saturation temperature, and the vapor is disposed of at the HVAC 8, the water is heated to the saturation temperature at the PDV 6 (Fig. 6). In this case, cold deaerated water is supplied to OVK 8 and condenses the vapor. From the evaporator cooler, non-condensable gases are discharged into the atmosphere, and the heated deaerated water is discharged into the BGO 9, then the feed pump 10 supplies heated deaerated water to the heat exchanger - EFA 7. In EFA 7, the deaerated water heats up, recuperating the heat of the deaerated water, and then enters , where it is heated to the saturation temperature by supplying it with a heating medium, after which it enters the BBD 1 operating on the "initial effect". From PDV 6, the cooled heating medium is returned to the circulation system.

For deaeration of water in a vacuum mode, MDUs are used (Fig. 7, 8), which are implemented on the basis of a module containing a BD 1, block heat exchangers - PDV 6, vapor cooler block 8, EGO 9, vacuum creation block 11 with ejector 12 and circulation pump 13.

If the deaerated water has a temperature below the saturation temperature, and the vapor is disposed of at the HVAC 8, the water is heated to the saturation temperature at the PDV 6, where the heating medium is supplied (Fig. 7). In this case, all the cold deaerated water is fed to the HVAC 8 and condenses the vapor. From the vapor cooler, non-condensable gases and part of the vapor are sucked off by the water-jet ejector 12, and the heated water is discharged into ITS 9, at the same time the working water of the water-jet ejector 12 enters there. pump 10 is sent to PDV 6, where it is heated by the heating medium to the saturation temperature and then enters BED 1, operating on the "initial effect". From PDV 6, the cooled heating medium is returned to the circulation system.

If the deaerated water has a temperature below the saturation temperature, and the vapor is disposed of at the HVAC 8, the preheating of the water is carried out at the PDV 6 (Fig. 8). In this case, cold deaerated water is supplied to OVK 8 and condenses the vapor. From the vapor cooler, non-condensable gases and part of the vapor are sucked off by the water-jet ejector 12, and the heated water is discharged into ITS 9, at the same time the working water of the water-jet ejector 12 enters ITS. feed pump 10 is sent to PDV 6, where it is heated by a heating medium and then enters BED 1, to which a heating medium is also supplied, which heats the deaerated water to saturation temperature. From PDV 6, the cooled heating medium is returned to the circulation system. The described MCD in particular cases of its implementation is intended for operation at different temperatures and different pressures, on which the thermal deaeration mode depends:

- in the mode of atmospheric pressure in the range P (abs.) from 0.103 to 0.156 MPa, corresponding to the temperature range 100-112 ° C;

- in the mode of increased pressure in the range P (abs.) from 0.156 to 0.91 MPa, corresponding to the temperature range 112-175 ° C;

- in a vacuum mode in the pressure range P (abs.) from 0.02 to 0.103 MPa, corresponding to a temperature range of 60-100 ° C.

The advantages of vacuum deaeration include:

- a small need for heat consumption for heating deaerated water;

- no need to cool deaerated water in front of the feed or feed pump.

The advantages of atmospheric deaeration of water include:

- lack of devices (ejectors, pumps) to maintain vacuum;

- there is no need to place deaeration equipment at high elevations (more than 9m) to ensure the removal of deaerated water;

- simplicity of heating equipment maintenance, which does not require vacuum maintenance specialists.

The advantages of deaeration at elevated pressure include:

- reduction of vapor outlet volumes to achieve the required oxygen concentration †

- slight decrease in temperature and pressure of deaerated water (condensate) - energy conservation;

- there is a possibility of operation at "sliding" pressure.

Examples of the implementation of a modular deaeration plant.

1. At the operating CHP, a vacuum mode of operation of the deaeration unit was used, based on the provision of a given oxygen concentration 2

(20 μg / L): saturation temperature 65 ° C, saturation pressure 0.25 kgf / cm. The calculation of the consumption of the heating medium was carried out depending on the change in the parameters of the initial deaerated water and the heating medium. Based on the functional feasibility, a layout diagram was built (Fig. 9) using a module containing a basic deaeration unit BBD 1, a heat exchanger unit - PDV 6, a vapor cooler unit 8, BGO 9, a vacuum generating unit 11 with an ejector 12, a circulation pump 13, feed pump 10, pump control unit 14, unit control unit 15, liquid level sensors 16 and 17, temperature sensor 18 and control valves 19 and 20. The original deaerated water is supplied to the vapor cooler unit 8, and vapor enters the same place through the vapor outlet channel 5 from a centrifugal-vortex deaerator 3 and a tank of droplet dispersants 2, which is mixed with deaerated water and condensed. The deaerated water, partially heated in this way, together with bubbles of corrosive gases flows by gravity into the BHO 9. Through the circulation pump 13, the source water is circulated through the ejector 12, the drain from which is again sent to the BHO 9. In this case, the ejector creates the necessary vacuum in the vapor cooler 8 , and through it to the DCV. The maintenance of the liquid level in the BHO is carried out by regulating the flow rate of the initial deaerated water by valve 19 according to the readings of the level sensor 16 built into it by means of a control signal from the control unit of the installation 15. From the BHO, the deaerated water is supplied to the PDV 6 by means of the feed pump 13, and, heating to the saturation temperature, enters BKD 1. The state of saturation of deaerated water after PDV 6 is monitored according to the readings of the temperature sensor 18 and is maintained by changing the flow rate of the heating medium by the control valve 20 by means of a control signal from the unit control unit 15. The required liquid level in the BKD 2 is maintained by changing the flow rate deaerated water supplied by the feed pump 10 from the BGU by means of the pump control unit 14, which in turn is controlled by the installation control unit 15 by means of a control signal.

2. At the heating station, the atmospheric mode of operation of the deaeration unit was used, based on the provision of a given oxygen concentration (20 μg / l): saturation temperature 104 ° C, saturation pressure 1.2 kgf / cm. Based on the requirements for minimizing the overall dimensions, a layout diagram was built (Fig. 10) using a module containing a basic deaeration unit BBD 1, a heat exchanger unit - PDV 6, a heat exchanger unit - ODV 7, a vapor cooler unit 8, an installation control unit 15, a level sensor liquid 17, temperature sensor 18 and control valves 20 and 21. Initial deaerated water is supplied to the vapor cooler unit 8, and vapor from the centrifugal vortex deaerator 3 and drip disperser tank 2, which condenses on the heat exchange surface, enters the vapor outlet 5. In this case, the condensate flows into the condensate tank (not shown in the figure), and the non-condensed gases are removed to the atmosphere through pipeline 22. The deaerated water partially heated in this way enters ODV 7, where it is additionally warmed up by cooling the deaerated water from tank 2. Final heating deaerated water to the saturation temperature is produced by the PDV 6 heat exchanger block due to the supply of the heating medium. The state of saturation of deaerated water after PDV 6 is monitored according to the readings of the temperature sensor 18 and is maintained by changing the flow rate of the heating medium by the control valve 20 by means of a control signal from the control unit of the installation 15. The required liquid level in the BKD 2 is maintained by changing the flow rate by the control valve 21 by means of a control signal from the unit control unit 15. This module is assembled in the most compact form using the technology of 3D modeling (Fig. 11).

The savings were calculated from the use of a modular deaeration plant operating on the initial effect, using the atmospheric mode of the deaeration unit, with a capacity of 100 t / h. The table shows the savings indicators.

table

Thus, the proposed invention makes it possible to create a unified and economical deaeration unit with increased manufacturability due to the block principle of constructing modules, the layout of which is determined by the specified functions and operating modes of the unit. At the same time, the use of unified modules makes it possible to simplify the manufacture, installation of equipment and the subsequent operation of the deaeration unit.

Claims

Claim

1. A modular deaeration unit containing a basic deaeration unit, made on the basis of a centrifugal-vortex deaerator, connected by means of nozzles with two drip dispersers communicating with the cavity of the drip disperser tank, having a vapor outlet channel connected to the vapor from the centrifugal-vortex deaerator, which is additionally contains a block of heat exchangers, and / or a block of a vapor cooler, and / or a block of a vapor cooler and a gas separation block, and / or a block of a vapor cooler, a gas separation block and a vacuum creation block, including an ejector and a circulation pump, as well as a feed pump, a pump control unit, the control unit of the installation with the possibility of their selective arrangement as part of modules with a modified version depending on the operating mode of the installation, moreover, the inlet of the centrifugal-vortex deaerator is connected to the deaerated water supply pipeline or directly with its heating at the inlet to the saturation temperature, or through heat transfer ennik - a deaerated water heater, to which a heating medium is supplied, deaerated water enters the consumer directly from the drip disperser tank or through a heat exchanger - deaerated water cooler, and the vapor outlet channel has a free outlet to the atmosphere or is connected to the vapor cooler unit, to which it is supplied as deaerated water in the cooling medium, while each module is a functionally and structurally separate unit located around the tank of droplet dispersers.

2. Modular deaeration plant according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made using a module containing a basic deaeration unit, a heat exchanger unit including a deaerated water heater and a deaerated water cooler.

3. Modular deaeration plant according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made using a module containing a basic deaeration unit, a vapor cooler unit.

4. Modular deaeration plant according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made using a module comprising a basic deaeration unit, a vapor cooler unit and a heat exchanger unit including a deaerated water heater and a deaerated water cooler.

5. Modular deaeration plant according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made using a module containing a basic deaeration unit, a vapor cooler unit, a gas separation unit, a heat exchanger - deaerated water cooler.

6. Modular deaeration plant according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made using a module containing a basic deaeration unit, a vapor cooler unit, a gas separation unit, a heat exchanger unit including a deaerated water heater and a deaerated water cooler.

7. Modular deaeration plant according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made using a module containing a basic deaeration unit, a vapor cooler, a gas separation unit, a heat exchanger - a deaerated water heater, a vacuum generating unit including an ejector and a circulation pump.

8. Modular deaeration plant for each of paragraphs 1-7, characterized in that each unit has its own set of cable network, shut-off and control valves, sensors and regulators of temperature and pressure.