WO2021260801A1

WO2021260801A1 - Bearing wall of wooden house

Info

Publication number: WO2021260801A1
Application number: PCT/JP2020/024616
Authority: WO
Inventors: 亨紀本
Original assignee: 積水ハウス株式会社
Priority date: 2020-06-23
Filing date: 2020-06-23
Publication date: 2021-12-30
Also published as: GB202019295D0; AU2020356794A1; US20220307259A1; GB2600779A

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bearing wall of a wooden house with which it is possible to maintain excellent earthquake resistance while enabling installation of a variety of types of windows.　As a means for solving the problem, in the bearing wall 1 according to the present invention, a beam material 11 serving as a window sill is bridged between intermediate parts of adjacent column materials 3 in a framework 2, whereby a plurality of openings 13, 14 are formed so as to be divided in the vertical direction between the adjacent column materials 3. The column material 11 has a beam height of 150 mm and a beam width of 120 mm. The two end sections of the beam material 11 are bound, via joining fittings 20, to the intermediate parts of the adjacent column materials 3. A window 40 is installed in the upper-side opening 13, and the peripheral edge section of structural plywood 50 is fixed by nailing to the lower-side opening 14. The pitch of the nails 51 securing the structural plywood 50 is coarse.

Description

Bearing wall of wooden house

The present invention relates to a bearing wall of a wooden house that can maintain good earthquake resistance while allowing the installation of windows.

In wooden houses, bearing walls are provided to meet the required amount of walls so that they can withstand horizontal forces during earthquakes and typhoons. This type of bearing wall can be made by bridging the openings between adjacent columns in the framework or by attaching structural plywood so as to cover the entire opening between the adjacent columns in the framework. It is configured.

In general, in the part where the window is installed, it is not possible to attach the brace or structural plywood as described above, it is difficult to maintain good seismic resistance, and it is often not recognized as a bearing wall. For this reason, there were some restrictions on the installation of windows in order to meet the required wall volume.

Therefore, in recent years, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example, a bearing wall capable of installing a window while maintaining good seismic resistance has been proposed. In this bearing wall, a seismic glass unit panel formed by integrating the base wood and the glass plate so that external force can be transmitted to each other is attached to the window installation opening formed between the adjacent pillars in the framework, and the glass is attached. By increasing the amount of walls with the in-plane rigidity of the plate, that is, by making the glass plate function as a structural surface material, good earthquake resistance is maintained.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-293367

However, in the above-mentioned bearing wall, the window to be installed in the window installation opening is limited to a structure in which a base wood and a glass plate, such as a fitted window, are integrated so as to be able to transmit external force to each other. For example, it is difficult to install an openable window such as a sliding window, and there is a problem that it lacks versatility.

It is an object of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a bearing wall capable of installing various windows while maintaining good earthquake resistance.

In order to solve the above problems, in the bearing wall 1 of the present invention, one or a plurality of beam members 11 serving as window lintels or window stands are laid between the intermediate portions of the adjacent pillar members 3 in the frame 2 of the wooden house. By passing, a plurality of

openings

13 and 14 are vertically partitioned between the adjacent pillar members 3, and the remaining openings 14 other than the window installation opening 13 among the

openings

13 and 14 are formed. The structural plywood 50 is attached so that both ends of the beam member 11 are fastened to the intermediate portion of the adjacent pillar member 3 via the joining metal fitting 20, and the circumference of the structural plywood 50 is peripheral. The end portion is fixed to the opening 14 with a nail or a screw.

Specifically, the beam member 11 has a beam back of 150 mm and a beam width of 120 mm. Further, by driving nails or screws at a rate of 9 per 1 m along the peripheral end portion of the structural plywood 50, the peripheral end portion of the structural plywood 50 is fixed to the opening 14 with nails or screws. ing. Further, the

horizontal frame members

10 and 12 having a cross-sectional area smaller than that of the beam member 11 are bridged between the upper ends or the lower ends of the adjacent pillar members 3, and the

horizontal frame members

10 and 12 are connected to the window 40. It is used as a base for installation or fixing of structural plywood 50 with nails or screws.

In the bearing wall of the present invention, a beam material (structural material) is used as a window lintel or a window sill, and both ends of the beam material are tied to the middle part of the adjacent column material in the framework via a metal joint. At the same time, since the peripheral end of the structural plywood is fixed to the opening with nails or screws, it is possible to increase the resistance to horizontal force during an earthquake or typhoon, and it is installed in the window installation opening. Seismic resistance can be maintained well regardless of the type of window.

In particular, the cross-sectional area of the beam material is increased (beam back 150 mm x beam width 120 mm) to prevent the beam material itself and the joint between the beam material and the column material from being damaged, or a nail or a nail for fixing the structural plywood. By making the pitch of the screws coarse (9 per 1 m) to prevent the load on the bearing wall from rising too much and making it difficult for the beam to bend and break, the elongation capacity of the deformation is greatly improved. It can be a tenacious structure.

In addition, regarding the horizontal frame material that spans between the upper end or the lower end of the adjacent pillar material, even if it receives a horizontal force during an earthquake or typhoon, it is difficult for a large force to act and the possibility of destruction is low. Therefore, the cross-sectional area is smaller than that of the beam material used as the window lintel or the window sill, which makes it possible to reduce the material cost.

It is an exploded perspective view of the bearing wall which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view of a bearing wall. It is a front view of the state where the window of the bearing wall and the structural plywood are not attached. It is an exploded perspective view which shows the joining of a beam material and a column material through a metal fitting. It is an assembly perspective view which shows the joining of a beam material and a column material through a metal fitting. It is a figure which shows the shearing test result of a bearing wall. It is a figure which shows the shearing test result of the bearing wall of the comparative example. It is a front view of the state where the window of the bearing wall of the comparative example and the structural plywood are not attached. It is a front view of the state in which the window of the bearing wall and the structural plywood according to another embodiment are not attached. It is a front view of the state in which the window of the bearing wall and the structural plywood according to another embodiment are not attached. It is a front view of the state in which the window of the bearing wall and the structural plywood according to another embodiment are not attached.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the bearing wall 1 of the wooden house according to the embodiment of the present invention has a window lintel as a horizontal frame member between the upper ends of adjacent pillars 3 constituting the framework 2. The lintel 10 is bridged, and the beam member 11 to be a window sill is bridged between the intermediate portions of the adjacent pillar members 3 constituting the framework 2, and the lower end portion of the adjacent pillar members 3 constituting the framework 2. A base material 12 as a horizontal frame material is bridged between them, and two

openings

13 and 14 are vertically partitioned between the adjacent pillar members 3 constituting the framework 2. As shown in FIG. 3, the upper end portion of the column member 3 is fixed to the beam member 4 constituting the framework 1 via the stigma metal fitting 15, and the lower end portion of the column member 3 is via the column base metal fitting 16. It is fixed to the rising part of the cloth foundation 5.

The window lintel 10 is made of a square lumber having a vertical cross-sectional height of 60 mm and a horizontal width of 120 mm, and both ends thereof are fixed to the upper ends of adjacent pillars 3 with nails or screws. Similar to the window lintel 10, the base material 12 is made of a square lumber having a vertical cross section height of 60 mm and a horizontal width of 120 mm, and both ends thereof are fixed to the lower ends of adjacent pillar materials 3 with nails or screws. .. On the other hand, the beam material 11 serving as a window sill is made of a square lumber having a vertical cross-sectional height (beam back) of 150 mm and a horizontal width (beam width) of 120 mm, and both ends thereof are adjacent intermediate portions of the pillar material 3. It is tied to the joint via the metal joint 20.

As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the metal joint 20 is formed by bending a metal plate into a U-shape in a plan view, and has a plate-shaped pillar-side fixing portion 23 and the pillar-side fixing portion 23 in the vertical direction. It is provided with a pair of left and right plate-shaped beam-side fixing portions 24 protruding from both ends along the line. A plurality of bolt insertion holes 25 are formed in the pillar-side fixing portion 23 at intervals in the vertical direction. The beam-side fixing portion 24 is formed with a substantially V-shaped pin receiving groove 26 that opens upward and a pin insertion hole 27 that are spaced apart in the vertical direction.

The pillar material 3 and the beam material 11 serving as a window sill are tied together using the metal joint 20 as follows. A pair of bolt through holes 30 are formed in the middle portion of the pillar member 3 at intervals in the vertical direction. At the end of the beam material 11, a pair of slits 31 open to the upper and lower surfaces and the end surface thereof are formed at intervals in the lateral direction. Further, a pair of pin through holes 32 are formed at the end of the beam member 11 at intervals in the vertical direction so as to be orthogonal to the slit 31.

First, the pillar-side fixing portion 23 of the metal joint 20 is brought into contact with the intermediate portion of the pillar material 3 so that the bolt insertion hole 25 is overlapped with the bolt through hole 30 of the pillar material 3. From this state, the bolt 35 is inserted into the bolt through hole 30 and the bolt insertion hole 25 that coincide with each other, and the nut 36 is screwed and tightened at the tip of the bolt 35 to join to the intermediate portion of the pillar material 3. The pillar-side fixing portion 23 of the hardware 20 is fixed. Subsequently, the end portion of the beam member 11 is brought into contact with the intermediate portion of the column member 3 by inserting the beam side fixing portion 24 of the metal joint 20 into the slit 31 thereof. At this time, the drift pin 37 is inserted in advance into the pin through hole 32 on the upper side of the beam material 11, and the drift pin 37 is dropped into the pin receiving groove 26 of the beam side fixing portion 24 to lower the beam material 11. The beam member 11 is temporarily fixed to the beam side fixing portion 24 so that the pin through hole 32 and the pin insertion hole 27 of the beam side fixing portion 24 coincide with each other. From this state, the end portion of the beam member 11 is fixed to the beam side fixing portion 24 of the metal joint 20 by inserting the drift pin 37 into the pin through hole 32 and the pin insertion hole 27 that coincide with each other. As a result, the intermediate portion of the column member 3 and the end portion of the beam member 11 are tied together via the metal joint 20.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the upper opening 13 is composed of a square frame-shaped portion surrounded by an adjacent pillar member 3, a window lintel 10, and a beam member 11 serving as a window base, and the upper opening is formed thereof. A window 40 is installed in the portion 13. That is, the upper opening 13 is a window installation opening.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the window 40 is a sliding window in which a pair of shoji screens 42 are slidably attached to a window frame 41, and is fitted into a window installation opening 13 and nailed or screwed. It is installed by fixing it. The window 40 is not limited to a sliding window, and may be any kind of window such as a sash window, a sash window, a casement window, a folding window, and a bay window.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the lower opening 14 is composed of an adjacent pillar material 3, a beam material 11 serving as a window sill, and a square frame-shaped portion surrounded by a base material 12, and the lower opening 14 is formed below the square frame-shaped portion. A half column 45 and a stud 46 are extended between the beam member 11 and the base material 12 and a rectangular structural plywood 50 is attached to the opening 14. The upper and lower ends of the half columns 45 and the studs 46 are fixed to the beam member 11 and the base material 12 by nails or screws, but they may be fixed via metal joints.

The structural plywood 50 has a lower opening 14, that is, an adjacent pillar member 3, and a beam that becomes a window sill by driving nails 51 at a rate of 9 nails per 1 m (about 120 mm pitch) along the peripheral end portion thereof. It is nailed and fixed to the material 11 and the base material 12. Further, a nail 51 is appropriately driven into a portion of the structural plywood 50 where the half pillar 45 and the stud 46 come into contact with each other, and the nail 51 is also nailed and fixed to the half pillar 45 and the stud 46. A small gap 47 is provided between the beam member 4 constituting the framework 2 and the window lintel 10, and the beam member 4 and the window lintel 10 are formed so as to close the gap 47. A strip-shaped plywood 52 straddles and is fixed by nailing.

As described above, in the above-mentioned bearing wall 1, a beam material 11 which is a structural material having a large cross-sectional area is used as a window base, and both ends of the beam material 11 are intermediate between the adjacent pillar materials 3 in the framework 2. Since the joint is tightly connected to the portion via the joint metal fitting 20, the beam material 11 itself and the joint portion between the beam material 11 and the pillar material 3 are less likely to be destroyed. Moreover, since the structural plywood 50 is nailed and fixed to the lower opening 14 with a coarse nail pitch (at a pitch of about 120 mm), the load on the bearing wall 1 is suppressed from rising too much. It is possible to reduce the bending load of the column material 3 (to prevent an excessive force from being applied from the joint portion between the beam material 11 and the column material 3 to the intermediate portion of the column material 3), and to prevent bending failure of the column material 3. While preventing it, it is possible to increase the resistance to horizontal force during an earthquake or typhoon. As a result, it becomes a tenacious structure with greatly improved deformation elongation ability, and it is possible to maintain good seismic resistance.

Further, with respect to the window lintel 10 and the base material 12 as the horizontal frame material spanning between the upper and lower ends of the adjacent pillar materials 3, a large force acts even when a horizontal force is applied during an earthquake or a typhoon. Since it is difficult to break and the possibility of breakage is low, the cross-sectional area is made smaller than that of the beam material 11 which is a window sill, thereby reducing the material cost.

Although not shown, the above-mentioned bearing wall 1 is provided with an interior material attached to the indoor side thereof and an exterior material attached to the outdoor side thereof, except for the portion where the window 40 is installed.

FIG. 5 shows the shearing test result of the bearing wall 1 described above, and FIG. 6 shows the shearing test result of the bearing wall of the comparative example. As shown in FIG. 7, in the bearing wall of the comparative example, the window sill 11A is made of a square lumber having a vertical cross-sectional height (beam back) of 60 mm and a horizontal width (beam width) of 120 mm, and both ends thereof are adjacent to each other. The structural plywood is nailed and fixed to the middle portion of the pillar member 3 to be nailed, and the structural plywood is nailed and fixed to the lower opening 14 by driving nails at a pitch of about 60 mm along the peripheral end portion thereof. Other configurations are the same as those of the bearing wall 1 described above. In the shear test, a horizontal load was applied to the beam member 4 constituting the framework 2, and the deformation angle with respect to the load at this time was measured. This measurement was performed 3 times each.

From the results of this shear test, in the above bearing wall 1, the maximum load is suppressed, the shear wall is tenacious without breaking until a large deformation occurs, and the short-term allowable shear strength can be sufficiently secured, whereas the comparative example. It was confirmed that the maximum load of the bearing wall increased, the deformation did not extend, brittle fracture occurred, and the short-term allowable shear strength was significantly reduced. The short-term allowable shear strength is yield load (Py), ultimate load and deformation performance (Pu x 0.2 / Ds), maximum load 2/3 (2/3 x Pmax), and deformation angle 1/120. It is determined from the minimum value of the load.

8 to 10 show the bearing wall 1 according to another embodiment. The bearing wall 1 shown in FIG. 8 has two openings between the adjacent column members 3 by bridging the beam member 11 that serves as a window between the intermediate portions of the adjacent column members 3 constituting the framework 2. The

portions

60 and 61 are partitioned in the vertical direction. A half column 45 and a stud 46 are passed between the beam member 4 constituting the framework 1 and the beam member 11 serving as a window window in the upper opening 60, and a rectangular structural plywood is provided. 50 is attached, and a window 40 is installed in the lower opening 61. The other configurations are the same as those of the bearing wall 1 described above.

In the bearing wall 1 shown in FIG. 9, the window lintel 10 as a horizontal frame member is bridged between the upper ends of the adjacent pillars 3 constituting the framework 2, and the adjacent pillars 3 constituting the framework 2 are bridged. By bridging the window lintel and the two beam members 11 to be the window sill between the middle portions of the above, three

openings

62, 63, 64 are vertically partitioned between the adjacent pillar members 3. ing. A half column 45 and a stud 46 are passed between the upper and lower beam members 11 in the intermediate opening 63, and a rectangular structural plywood 50 is attached to the upper opening 62 and the lower side. A window 40 is installed in the opening 64. The other configurations are the same as those of the bearing wall 1 described above.

In the bearing wall 1 shown in FIG. 10, a window lintel and two beam members 11 serving as a window sill are bridged between intermediate portions of adjacent pillar members 3 constituting the framework 2 to form the framework 2. By bridging the base material 12 as a horizontal frame material between the lower ends of the adjacent pillar materials 3, three

openings

65, 66, 67 are formed in the vertical direction between the adjacent pillar materials 3. There is. A half column 45 and a stud 46 are passed between the beam member 4 constituting the framework 1 and the beam member 11 serving as a window stud in the upper opening 65, and a rectangular structural plywood is provided. 50 is attached, and a half pillar 45 and a stud 46 are passed between the beam material 11 serving as a window base and the base material 12 in the lower opening 67, and a square structural plywood 50 is provided. It is attached, and a window 40 is installed in the middle opening 66. The other configurations are the same as those of the bearing wall 1 described above.

Similar to the above-mentioned bearing wall 1, the bearing wall 1 shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 also has a tenacious structure in which the elongation ability of deformation is significantly improved, and can maintain good earthquake resistance.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be variously modified and carried out within the scope of the present invention. For example, the bearing wall of the present invention is not limited to the one provided on the first floor foundation of the wooden house as described in the above embodiment, but may be provided on the upper floor of the wooden house. In this case, for example, the adjacent column members constituting the framework are provided so as to straddle between the upper and lower beam members constituting the framework. Further, when the structural plywood is attached to the opening, it may be fixed not only by nailing but also by screwing.

1 ... bearing wall, 2 ... framework, 3 ... pillar material, 11 ... beam material, 10, 12 ... horizontal frame material, 13, 61, 62, 64, 66 ... window installation opening, 14, 60, 63, 65, 67 ... Structural plywood attachment opening, 20 ... Joining hardware, 40 ... Windows, 50 ... Structural plywood, 51 ... Nail

Claims

The adjacent pillar material (11) is bridged between the intermediate portions of the adjacent pillar materials (3) in the frame (2) of the wooden house to serve as a window lintel or a window sill. A plurality of openings (13) and (14) are partitioned in the vertical direction between (3), and the remaining openings (13) and (14) other than the window installation opening (13) are formed. It is a bearing wall (1) in which a structural plywood (50) is attached to 14), and both ends of the beam material (11) are joined to an intermediate portion of the adjacent pillar material (3). ), And the peripheral end of the structural plywood (50) is fixed to the opening (14) with a nail or a screw.
The bearing wall of the wooden house according to claim 1, wherein the beam material (11) has a beam back of 150 mm and a beam width of 120 mm.
By driving nails or screws at a rate of 9 per 1 m along the peripheral end of the structural plywood (50), the peripheral end of the structural plywood (50) can be nailed or screwed into the opening (14). The bearing wall of the wooden house according to claim 2, which is fixed with screws.
Horizontal frame members (10) and (12) having a smaller cross-sectional area than the beam member (11) are bridged between the upper ends or lower ends of the adjacent pillar members (3), and the horizontal frame members (10) are bridged. The bearing wall of the wooden house according to claim 3, wherein (12) is used as a base for installing a window (40) or fixing a structural plywood (50) with nails or screws.