WO2021260268A1 - Procédé d'incorporation de composants pendant la fabrication additive de pièces métalliques - Google Patents

Procédé d'incorporation de composants pendant la fabrication additive de pièces métalliques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021260268A1
WO2021260268A1 PCT/FI2021/050472 FI2021050472W WO2021260268A1 WO 2021260268 A1 WO2021260268 A1 WO 2021260268A1 FI 2021050472 W FI2021050472 W FI 2021050472W WO 2021260268 A1 WO2021260268 A1 WO 2021260268A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
product
additive manufacturing
cooling
space
cooling channel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2021/050472
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Joni REIJONEN
Tuomas Pinomaa
Alejandro Revuelta
Original Assignee
Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy filed Critical Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy
Priority to EP21736623.6A priority Critical patent/EP4168197A1/fr
Publication of WO2021260268A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021260268A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/20—Cooling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to additive manufacturing of metal parts. More pre- cisely the present invention relates to an additive manufacturing method wherein heat sensitive components, such as electronic components, are embedded inside the manufactured metal part during the additive manufacturing process.
  • Additive manufacturing technologies provide various advantages and possibilities for combining different kinds of components and materials for end products due to the layer-by-layer nature of the manufacturing process, where material is added where needed, rather than subtracted or formed from basic shapes.
  • a thin layer of metal powder is typically completely melted with a heat input, whereby the high manufacturing tem peratures require quite high heat tolerance from the components to be embedded into the metal part during its additive manufacturing process.
  • the em bedded component needs to be shielded in some way against the heat during the embedding and continued manufacturing of the part.
  • the heat accumulation in metal powder bed fusion additive manufacturing is pres ently typically handled by increasing the waiting time between successive fusion layers. This causes the build time of the part to be formed increase, especially with the relative slow processes, such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process for example. Further, the increased waiting time usually only bring incremental benefits and easily leads to very long waiting times, up to and over 60 seconds, between layers, in order to obtain any noticeable effect on the cooling.
  • LPBF laser powder bed fusion
  • Typical practice, especially with LPBF is actually to pre-heat the substrate in order to reduce the cooling rate of the formed part. This is done as an attempt to reduce residual stresses that can develop in the formed part.
  • the accumulated heat in the metal part during the powder bed fusion additive man ufacturing process effectively reduces the options for suitable components to be added inside the part being formed.
  • the present invention provides a novel solution for laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of metal parts and embedding heat sensitive components therein during the additive manufacturing process, while solving or at least mitigating the problem of excessive heat accumulation in the part during its forming.
  • the area of the formed part, where the heat sensitive com ponent is embedded is cooled during the additive manufacturing process.
  • This cool ing is obtained with at least one cooling channel formed in the formed portion of the part to be manufactured before the additive manufacturing process is interrupted and the heat sensitive component is placed at its place in the formed portion of the part to be manufactured. This way the heat sensitive component can be protected against the created and accumulating heat during the continued additive manufac turing process of the metal part.
  • the product is formed with laser powder bed fusion process, at least one space for a component is formed inside the metal material of the product during the additive manufacturing process, the additive manufacturing process is interrupted before the said space is closed, the component is inserted in the said open space, and the additive manufacturing process for manufacturing the product is continued, at least one cooling channel, for cooling the area of the product wherein the said space is located, is formed inside the product to be manufactured before the additive manufacturing process is interrupted for insertion of the said compo nent, and cooling fluid is conveyed in the at least one cooling channel.
  • an active cooling channel, or channels can be integrated in the formed portion of the part to be manufactured, which conveys heat away more effective than the passive heat sink, i.e. the substrate metal material of the formed portion of the part, which is a common practice presently.
  • the cooling fluid is conveyed to the cooling channel via a building platform, on which the product is formed.
  • the building platform preferably comprises internal channels with openings on the surface on which the product is formed for conveying the cooling fluid from building platform to the at least one cooling channel in the formed portion of the product.
  • the internal channels of the building platform in this embodiment can also be utilized for cooling the building platform itself during the powder bed fusion pro cess of the product formed on the building platform.
  • unfused powder is removed from the formed at least one cooling channel before the cooling fluid is conveyed in the cooling channel.
  • the cooling fluid is preferably water.
  • suitable cooling fluids such as suitable oil, can be used in the cooling.
  • Figures 1 A-1 B show schematically an embodiment of a method of the inven tion
  • Figure 2 shows schematically an alternative embodiment of a method of the invention.
  • Figures 1A-1 B show schematically an embodiment of a method of the invention, wherein a part 1 is formed with powder bed fusion process on a building platform 2.
  • the formation of the product 1 proceeds in layers wherein the first layer is formed by spreading a layer of powder on the building plat form 2 and then fusing the powder with an energy beam from the predefined areas of the powder layer.
  • the powder is metal powder, and the energy beam is laser.
  • a new layer of powder is spread on top of the previous powder layer and the formed portion of the part, and this new powder layer is then fused with the energy beam from the predefined areas of the powder layer. This process is repeated layer by layer until the finished part 1 is obtained.
  • the building platform 2 is typically moved downwards, or the sidewalls restricting the powder bed (not shown) are moved upwards, stepwise for the spreading of the new powder layer.
  • figure 1A is shown the first stage of the formation of the part 1 with the method of the invention.
  • the formation of the part 1 has proceeded to stage, where a space 3 is formed inside the completed portion of the part 1 and where the said space 3 is still accessible via its open upper surface.
  • the powder bed fusion process is interrupted, powder accumulated in the space 3 is removed and a component 4 is added in the space.
  • a cooling channel 5 is simultaneously formed inside the part 1 so that the cooling channel is completed inside the formed portion of the part 1 before the powder bed fusion pro cess is interrupted for the inserting of the component 4 into the space 3.
  • the building platform 2 comprises a cooling channel 6.
  • the cool ing channel 6 comprises branches extending and opening to the upper surface of the building platform 2. The location of these openings of the upper surface of the building platform 2 are utilized in the formation of the cooling channel 5 inside the part 1 so, that the starting point and the ending point of the cooling channel 5 are located at the same places than where the openings of the upper surface of the building platform 2 are located. This allows the circulation of cooling fluid via the cooling channel 6 of the build platform 2 through the cooling channel 5 of the part 1 .
  • the powder remaining in the cooling channel 5 and accumulated in the cooling chan nel 6 during the formation of the completed portion of the part 1 is preferably re moved, by blowing pressurized air through the cooling channels 5 and 6 for exam ple, and the circulation of cooling fluid via the cooling channels 5 and 6 is started with a suitable pump (not shown) for example.
  • the cooling fluid can be water, for example, or other suitable cooling fluid like suit able oils. Suitable gasses can also be used for the cooling. Preferably, due to envi ronmental considerations and ease of obtaining and handling etc., the cooling fluid is water.
  • the cooling channel 5 is formed inside the formed portion of part 1 so, that it pro vides cooling effect especially for the area of the space 3, so that the temperature affecting the component 4 placed inside the space 3 during the formation of the part 1 can be lowered. This is obtained for example by forming the cooling channel 5 inside the completed portion of part 1 so that it runs close by and/or circulates the space 3.
  • the space 3 for the component 4 can be dimensioned so, that the component 4 snugly fits inside the space 3 so that no additional fixing means are required, or the space can be large enough to contain the component 4 and separate fixing means for example. It is, however, preferable that in the formed space 3 there is at least some distance between the component 4 and the upper surface of the formed por tion of the part 1 , so that the melting or fusing of the powder during the closing of the space 3 when the powder bed fusion process is continued does not take place in the immediate vicinity of the component 4.
  • the interrupted powder bed fusion process is continued by forming a new powder layer on top of the formed portion of the product 1 , and fusing it with the energy beam at predetermined areas.
  • any open area left in the space 3 is also filled with the powder.
  • the layer formation and fusing is continued until the final part 1 is obtained as shown in figure 1 B.
  • the cooling fluid is circulated in the cooling channel 5.
  • the space 3 can also be closed with a separate metal lid after the component 4 is placed and fixed at the space and before the powder bed fusion process is continued. This allows the space 3 to remain powder-free during the rest of the powder bed fusion process.
  • the part 1 is detached from the building platform and required finishing actions, if any, are carried out.
  • the said finishing steps may include filling the cooling channel 5 with suitable material, or plugging the openings of the cooling channel 5 on the surface of the part 1 , for example.
  • the channel 5 can also be left in the final part 1 as it is.
  • the cooling channel 6 in the building plat form 2 does not merely provide cooling fluid for the cooling channel 5 once it is completely formed inside the product 1 , but can also provide significant cooling for the building platform 2 itself, as can be seen from the figures.
  • the branches of the cooling channel 6 extending and opening to the upper surface of the building platform 2 can be equipped with suitable valve members (not shown) for opening and closing the fluid connection between the cooling channel 6 and cooling channel 5, so that the cooling fluid can be circulated in the cooling channel 6 before the cooling channel 5 is completed inside the product 1 during the powder bed fusion process.
  • cooling channel 6’ formed inside the building platform 2’ extends directly from the bottom surface of the building plat form to the upper surface of the building platform.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'incorporation de composants pendant la fabrication additive de pièces métalliques, dans lequel le produit (1) est formé par un processus de fusion de lit de poudre par laser, au moins un espace (3) pour un composant (4) est formé à l'intérieur du matériau métallique du produit pendant le processus de fabrication additive, le processus de fabrication additive est interrompu avant que ledit espace ne soit fermé, le composant est inséré dans ledit espace ouvert, et le processus de fabrication additive pour la fabrication du produit est poursuivi, dans lequel au moins un canal de refroidissement (5), pour refroidir la zone du produit (1) dans lequel ledit espace (3) est situé, est formé à l'intérieur du produit à fabriquer avant que le processus de fabrication additive soit interrompu pour l'insertion dudit composant (4), et le fluide de refroidissement est transporté dans l'au moins un canal de refroidissement.
PCT/FI2021/050472 2020-06-23 2021-06-21 Procédé d'incorporation de composants pendant la fabrication additive de pièces métalliques WO2021260268A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21736623.6A EP4168197A1 (fr) 2020-06-23 2021-06-21 Procédé d'incorporation de composants pendant la fabrication additive de pièces métalliques

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20205656 2020-06-23
FI20205656A FI129052B (en) 2020-06-23 2020-06-23 A method of embedding components during material-increasing fabrication of metal parts

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021260268A1 true WO2021260268A1 (fr) 2021-12-30

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Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP4168197A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI129052B (fr)
WO (1) WO2021260268A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1669143A1 (fr) * 2004-12-07 2006-06-14 3D Systems, Inc. Procédé pour le refroidissement controlé d'un objet de poudre produit par frittage au laser et appareil pour sa mise en oeuvre
DE102007032621A1 (de) * 2007-07-11 2009-01-22 Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh Metallischer Werkzeugeinsatz
DE102011105044A1 (de) * 2011-06-21 2012-12-27 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer wenigstens eine Komponente zumindest teilweise umschließenden Gehäusestruktur sowie eine mit dem Verfahren hergestellte Gehäusestruktur
US20180200790A1 (en) * 2017-01-13 2018-07-19 General Electric Company Cooling structures for additive manufacturing
WO2019094262A1 (fr) * 2017-11-10 2019-05-16 General Electric Company Fabrication additive à l'aide de passages de chaleur à travers une paroi de construction en croissance

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1669143A1 (fr) * 2004-12-07 2006-06-14 3D Systems, Inc. Procédé pour le refroidissement controlé d'un objet de poudre produit par frittage au laser et appareil pour sa mise en oeuvre
DE102007032621A1 (de) * 2007-07-11 2009-01-22 Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh Metallischer Werkzeugeinsatz
DE102011105044A1 (de) * 2011-06-21 2012-12-27 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer wenigstens eine Komponente zumindest teilweise umschließenden Gehäusestruktur sowie eine mit dem Verfahren hergestellte Gehäusestruktur
US20180200790A1 (en) * 2017-01-13 2018-07-19 General Electric Company Cooling structures for additive manufacturing
WO2019094262A1 (fr) * 2017-11-10 2019-05-16 General Electric Company Fabrication additive à l'aide de passages de chaleur à travers une paroi de construction en croissance

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4168197A1 (fr) 2023-04-26
FI20205656A1 (en) 2021-06-15
FI129052B (en) 2021-06-15

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