WO2021259171A1 - 运行状态的切换方法及装置、主备管理系统、网络系统 - Google Patents

运行状态的切换方法及装置、主备管理系统、网络系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021259171A1
WO2021259171A1 PCT/CN2021/101029 CN2021101029W WO2021259171A1 WO 2021259171 A1 WO2021259171 A1 WO 2021259171A1 CN 2021101029 W CN2021101029 W CN 2021101029W WO 2021259171 A1 WO2021259171 A1 WO 2021259171A1
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Prior art keywords
management device
state
connection
management
probability
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PCT/CN2021/101029
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡长稳
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP21830087.9A priority Critical patent/EP4160996A4/en
Priority to JP2022579122A priority patent/JP2023530772A/ja
Publication of WO2021259171A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021259171A1/zh
Priority to US18/068,815 priority patent/US20230120135A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
    • G06F13/40—Bus structure
    • G06F13/4004—Coupling between buses
    • G06F13/4022—Coupling between buses using switching circuits, e.g. switching matrix, connection or expansion network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
    • H04L41/0654—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery
    • H04L41/0663—Performing the actions predefined by failover planning, e.g. switching to standby network elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
    • H04L41/0681—Configuration of triggering conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
    • H04L41/0695—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications the faulty arrangement being the maintenance, administration or management system

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a method and device for switching operating states, a master/backup management system, and a network system.
  • the main and standby management system usually includes: two connected management devices.
  • the operating state of one management device is the main state
  • the operating state of the other management device is the standby state
  • the management device whose operating state is the main state manages the network elements managed by the active-standby management system.
  • the two management devices in the active/standby management system are both connected to a third-party device outside the active/standby management system. These two management devices can switch the operating status of a third-party device to change the operating status of a management device from the main Switch from the standby state to the standby state, and switch the operating state of another management device from the standby state to the main state.
  • the switching of the operating state of the management device in the active-standby management system requires the help of a third-party device. Therefore, the flexibility of the switching of the operating state of the management device is low.
  • This application provides a method and device for switching operating states, a main-standby management system, and a network system, which can solve the problem of low flexibility of the management device for switching operating states.
  • the technical solutions are as follows:
  • a method for switching operating states includes: a first management device first determines a connection state corresponding to at least one reference device managed by an active-standby management system, and then, according to the at least one reference device The corresponding connection state is switched between the main state of the first management device and the operating state of the standby state of the first management device.
  • the first management device is any management device in the active/standby management system
  • the connection state corresponding to the reference device includes: the connection state between the reference device and at least one management device in the active/standby management system,
  • the at least one management device includes the first management device.
  • each management device in the active/standby management system can perform operating state switching according to the method provided in the present application.
  • the basis for switching the operating state of the management device is related to at least one reference device in the active/standby management system. Therefore, the operating state of the management device can be switched without resorting to a third-party device outside the active/standby management system. Therefore, the flexibility of switching the operating state of the management device is improved.
  • the third-party device does not need to be used, the third-party device does not need to be deployed, which avoids the problem of increased costs caused by the layout of the third-party device and the complexity of the layout of the third-party device.
  • the at least one reference device satisfies at least one of the following conditions: the at least one reference device includes devices with multiple subnets; the at least one reference device includes multiple devices with a distance greater than a distance threshold; and/or The at least one reference device is used to be managed by multiple processes of the same management device in the active/standby management system.
  • the at least one reference device When the at least one reference device is located in multiple subnets, it can be avoided that the at least one reference device is located in the same subnet.
  • the subnet fails, the at least one reference device fails at the same time and affects the operating state switching method provided in the embodiment of the present application The normal execution.
  • the at least one reference device fails at the same time, which affects the normal execution of the operating state switching method provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the management device switches the operating state according to at least one reference device.
  • the probability that the at least one reference device fails at the same time is small, and therefore, the reliability of the operating state switching method is high.
  • the third-party device has a higher probability of failure. Therefore, the reliability of the solution of the management device that uses the third-party device to switch the operating state is low.
  • the first management device can use at least one of multiple methods to determine the relationship between the management device and the reference device. Connection Status.
  • the determining the connection status corresponding to at least one reference device managed by the active/standby management system includes: determining that any reference device is currently connected according to the connection information of any reference device in the at least one reference device At least one target device connected within the target duration before the time; when the at least one target device includes any one of the at least one management devices, determine the relationship between the any one of the management devices and the any one of the reference devices The connection state is a connected state; when the at least one target device does not include any one of the management devices, it is determined that the connection state of the any one of the management devices and the any reference device is a disconnected state.
  • each of the at least one management device is used to periodically perform a target operation on each of the at least one reference device, and the determining that the at least one managed by the active/standby management system is at least The connection status corresponding to one reference device includes: for any one of the at least one management device and any one of the at least one reference device, determining that any one of the management devices is At least one execution result of at least one of the most recent target operations of the reference device; when the number of successful execution results in the at least one execution result is greater than the number threshold, it is determined that the any management device and the any reference The connection state of the device is the connected state; when the number of successful execution results in the at least one execution result is less than or equal to the number threshold, the connection between any management device and any reference device is determined The status is disconnected.
  • the target operation includes at least one of writing data, deleting data, modifying data, and establishing a connection.
  • the first management device may also use other methods to determine the connection state between the management device and the reference device, which is not limited in this application.
  • the switching between the main state of the first management device and the operating state of the standby state of the first management device according to the connection state corresponding to the at least one reference device includes: according to the at least one reference device The corresponding connection state determines whether the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device is satisfied; wherein, the operating state of the first management device includes the main state or the standby state, and the switching condition corresponding to the main state is the same as that of the main state.
  • the switching conditions corresponding to the standby state are different; when the switching conditions corresponding to the operating state of the first management device are met, switching between the main state of the first management device and the operating state of the standby state of the first management device.
  • the at least one management device further includes: a second management device; the switching condition corresponding to the main state includes: a first connection probability is less than or equal to a probability threshold; the switching condition corresponding to the standby state includes: the first state A connection probability is greater than a probability threshold, and a second connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold; wherein, the first connection probability is: the connection probability between the first management device and the at least one reference device, and the first connection probability is The second connection probability is: the connection probability between the second management device and the at least one reference device.
  • the management device in the active state in the active/standby management system is used to periodically set the identifier of the management device in the active state in the at least one reference device, and the at least one management device further Including: a second management device;
  • the switching condition corresponding to the main state includes: the first management device is disconnected from the second management device, and the first connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold; or, the first management device A management device is disconnected from the second management device, and the first connection probability is greater than the probability threshold, and the management device in the main state is set in the at least one reference device within the time length threshold before the current moment
  • the identification of the management device in the main state is different from the identification of the first management device;
  • the switching condition corresponding to the standby state includes: the first management device is disconnected from the second management device Connected, the first connection probability is greater than the probability threshold, and the identification of the management device in the main state is not set in the at least one reference device within the duration threshold before the current moment; wherein, the first The connection probability is
  • the multiple management devices further include: a second management device, which operates in the main state of the first management device and the standby state of the first management device according to the connection state corresponding to the at least one reference device
  • Switching between states includes: when the first management device is disconnected from the second management device, according to the connection state corresponding to the at least one reference device, switching between the main state of the first management device and the first management device Switch between the running state of the device's standby state. If the first management device is disconnected from the second management device, the first management device cannot negotiate with the second management device. Switching between the main state of the management device and the operating state of the standby state of the first management device. If the first management device is not disconnected from the second management device, the first management device may negotiate with the second management device to switch the operating state.
  • the determining the connection status corresponding to the at least one reference device managed by the active-standby management system includes: periodically determining the connection status corresponding to the at least one reference device; and according to the at least one reference device
  • the corresponding connection state, switching between the main state of the first management device and the operating state of the first management device in the standby state includes: according to the newly determined connection state of the at least one reference device, in the first management device Switch between the operating state of the main state of the first management device and the standby state of the first management device.
  • the method further includes: when the connection state corresponding to the at least one reference device includes the disconnection state, displaying the prompt information of the disconnection state.
  • the staff can repair the connection between the management device and the reference device in time according to the prompt information, avoiding the disconnection of the management device and the reference device and affecting the management of the reference device and subsequent operations State switching.
  • the method before the switching between the main state of the first management device and the operating state of the standby state of the first management device according to the connection state corresponding to the at least one reference device, the method further includes: The connection state corresponding to the at least one reference device is started in the main state or the standby state. That is, when the management device is started, it can also be determined whether the management device is started in the main state or the standby state by means of the connection state corresponding to at least one reference device.
  • the at least one management device further includes: a second management device, which starts in the main state or the standby state according to the connection state corresponding to the at least one reference device, including: When the management device is disconnected from the second management device, and the main state start condition is met, it starts in the main state running state; when the first management device is disconnected from the second management device, and the standby state When the starting condition is met, it starts in the standby state; wherein, the main state starting condition includes: the first connection probability is greater than the probability threshold, the second connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold, and the first connection probability is : The connection probability between the first management device and the at least one reference device, and the second connection probability is: the connection probability between the second management device and the at least one reference device; the standby start condition includes : The first connection probability and the second connection probability are both greater than the probability threshold; or, the first connection probability and the second connection probability are both less than or equal to the probability threshold; or, the first connection probability A connection probability is less than or equal to the probability
  • a first management device in a second aspect, includes various modules for executing the operating state switching method described in any one of the designs in the first aspect.
  • a first management device in a third aspect, includes a processor and a memory, the memory stores at least one instruction, and the processor is configured to execute the instructions in the memory to cause the The first management device executes the operating state switching method as described in any one of the designs of the first aspect.
  • a computer-readable storage medium is provided, and at least one instruction is stored in the storage medium, and the instruction is loaded by a processor and executes the operating state switching method as described in any design of the first aspect .
  • a computer program product containing instructions is provided.
  • the first management device executes the operating state switching method as described in any of the designs in the first aspect .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a network system provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for switching operating states according to an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first management device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another first management device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a network system provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the network system includes: a master and a backup device including a plurality of management devices (the management device 01 and the management device 02 in FIG. 1) The management system, and at least one reference device managed by the master/standby management system (reference device 03 and reference device 04 in FIG. 1).
  • the at least one reference device may be all reference devices managed by the active/standby management system, or part of the reference devices managed by the active/standby management system, and the network system may also include a reference device for being managed by the active/standby management system Other devices (different from the reference device) are not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the management device may be a server, a server cluster, a virtual machine, or a container cloud, etc.
  • the reference device may be a router, a switch, a server, a server cluster, a container cloud, a network element, or the Internet of Things (IoT). ) Equipment, etc.
  • the management device and the reference device are both circuit boards (also called single boards).
  • Each device in the network system may be located in one network domain or multiple network domains, and the network domain may be any network domain such as an Internet Protocol (IP) network domain, an optical network domain, or an access network domain.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the management devices in the active and standby management system are all connected (such as wired or wireless) to the reference device, and the reference device may be a device connected to the south direction of the management device.
  • the reference devices may not be connected, or may be connected to each other (such as wired connection or wireless connection).
  • management devices whose operating status is the primary state such as the management device 01 in Figure 1) and those whose operating status is the standby state (such as the management device 02 in Figure 1).
  • the reference device is managed by the management device whose operating state is the main state among the plurality of management devices.
  • the management device whose running state is the main state manages the reference device, it can send a control command to the reference device, so that the reference device executes the control command to realize the management of the reference device.
  • the management device whose running state is the main state can also collect some information of the reference device, and generate the aforementioned control commands based on this information.
  • the number of management devices in the active/standby management system whose operating state is the main state is 1, and the number of management devices whose operating state is in the standby state is one as an example for illustration.
  • the number of management devices in the active/standby management system whose operating state is in the standby state may also be greater than one.
  • management devices are connected (such as wired connection or wireless connection).
  • the management device whose running state is the main state will synchronize the local data to the management device whose running state is the standby state, so that the management device whose running state is the standby state can continue to effectively control the data after the operating state is switched to the main state.
  • the device for management refer to the device for management.
  • the management devices in the main and standby management systems are also connected to third-party devices outside the main and standby management systems (not shown in FIG. 1).
  • the management device can switch the operating state with the cooperation of the third-party device.
  • the management device needs to use a third-party device to switch the operating state, the deployment flexibility of the operating state switching solution is low.
  • the cost and complexity of deploying the third-party device are relatively high.
  • the network system provided by the embodiment of the present application does not include the third-party device, and the management device in the active-standby management system can switch the operating state without the third-party device, thereby improving the switching operation of the management device
  • the state is flexible, and can avoid the cost and complexity problems caused by the deployment of third-party devices.
  • the method for switching the operating state provided by the embodiments of the present application can be used for the first management device, which is any management device in the active/standby management system, and other management devices in the active/standby management system (such as the second management device).
  • the process of switching the operating state of the device) can refer to the process of switching the operating state of the first management device.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for switching operating states provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 2, the method may include:
  • the first management device periodically determines the connection status corresponding to at least one reference device managed by the active/standby management system, and the connection status corresponding to the reference device includes: the connection status between the reference device and at least one management device in the active/standby management system.
  • the at least one management device includes a first management device, and the at least one management device may also include other management devices.
  • the at least one management device includes each management device in the active/standby management system.
  • the first management device needs to periodically determine the connection status between each management device in the active and standby management system and the aforementioned at least one reference device.
  • the at least one reference device in the active/standby management system may be all reference devices managed by the active/standby management system, or part of the reference devices managed by the active/standby management system.
  • the at least one reference device may be set by the staff in the first management device, or may be determined by the first management device itself, or may be determined by another management device (such as the second management device) and notified to the first management device. For a management device, this embodiment of the application does not limit this. If the at least one reference device is determined by the first management device, the first management device may notify other management devices (such as the second management device) of the determined at least one reference device.
  • the first management device may continuously determine the connection state corresponding to the at least one reference device.
  • the first management apparatus periodically determines these connection states as an example.
  • the first management apparatus may determine these connection states not periodically, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • connection state corresponding to the at least one reference device includes the disconnection state
  • the first management device displays the prompt information of the disconnection state.
  • the first management device can detect whether the connection state determined in S201 includes a disconnected state. Once the connection state between a certain management device and a reference device is a disconnected state, the first management device can display that the management device is in a disconnected state.
  • the connection status of the reference device is the prompt message of the disconnection status. In this way, the staff can repair the connection between the management device and the reference device in time according to the prompt information, avoiding the disconnection of the management device and the reference device and affecting the management of the reference device and subsequent operations State switching.
  • the first management device may display the prompt information in a variety of ways. For example, when the first management device includes a display screen, the first management device may display the prompt information through the display screen; when the first management device includes a speaker, the first management device may play the prompt information through the speaker; When the device includes an indicator light, the first management device may display the prompt information by flashing the indicator light.
  • the first management device itself displays the prompt information as an example.
  • the first management device may also display the prompt information through other devices (such as a mobile phone or computer of a worker).
  • the first management device sends the prompt information to the other device, and controls the other device to display the prompt information.
  • S203 The first management device detects whether the first management device is disconnected from the second management device. When the first management device is disconnected from the second management device, execute S204; when the first management device is not disconnected from the second management device, execute S203.
  • the first management device and the second management device may be the management devices in the active and standby management systems in the active and standby operating states, respectively.
  • the first management device and the second management device need to establish a connection when they are running, so that the management device whose running state is the main state among the two management devices will synchronize the running data to the management device whose running state is the standby state through the connection.
  • the first management device needs to detect whether the first management device is disconnected from the second management device. When it is determined that the first management device is disconnected from the second management device, the first management device can perform S204 to S208 To switch the operating state.
  • the trigger condition for the first management device to execute S204 to S208 may not include the disconnection of the first management device from the second management device.
  • the first management device may execute periodically (or non-periodically). S204 to S208.
  • the triggering condition for the first management device to execute S204 to S208 includes that the first management device is disconnected from the second management device, if the first management device is disconnected from the second management device, the first management device It is not possible to negotiate with the second management device. At this time, the first management device can also switch the operating state by adopting the solutions in S204 to S208. If the first management device is not disconnected from the second management device, the first management device may negotiate with the second management device to switch the operating state.
  • the first management device determines the operating state of the first management device as the main state or the standby state.
  • the first management device may include a register for storing the current operating state of the first management device.
  • the first management device When the first management device is started, it can select a running state to start and run in the main state and the standby state, and the current running state of the first management device is recorded in the register.
  • the first management device can determine whether its operating state is the main state or the standby state by reading the state value of the register. For example, when the state value of the register is 1, it indicates that the operating state of the first management device is the main state, and when the state value of the register is 0, it indicates that the operating state of the first management device is the standby state.
  • the first management device determines the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device according to the switching condition corresponding to the main state and the switching condition corresponding to the standby state.
  • the first management device can obtain the switching condition corresponding to the main state and the switching condition corresponding to the standby state. For example, the two switching conditions are both stored in the first management device. After determining its own operating state, the first management device may determine the switching condition corresponding to the operating state according to its own operating state.
  • the switching condition corresponding to the main state may include: the first connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold; the switching condition corresponding to the standby state includes: the first connection probability is greater than the probability threshold, and the second connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold.
  • the first connection probability is: the connection probability between the first management device and at least one reference device managed by the active and standby management system
  • the second connection probability is: the connection probability between the second management device and the at least one reference device.
  • the probability threshold can be any probability value, such as 90% or 50%.
  • S206 The first management device determines whether the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device is satisfied according to the newly determined connection state corresponding to the at least one reference device. If the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device is satisfied, S207 is executed; if the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device is not satisfied, S208 is executed.
  • the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device only includes: the first connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold. Therefore, in S206, the first management device only needs to determine the first connection probability between the first management device and the at least one reference device according to the newly determined connection state between the first management device and the at least one reference device. After that, it is determined whether the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device is satisfied according to the first connection probability. Moreover, in S206, the first management device does not need to determine the second connection probability between the second management device and the at least one reference device.
  • the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device not only includes: the first connection probability is greater than the probability threshold, but also includes that the second connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold . Therefore, in S206, the first management device not only needs to determine the first connection probability between the first management device and the at least one reference device according to the newly determined connection state between the first management device and the at least one reference device; The device also needs to determine the second connection probability between the second management device and the at least one reference device according to the newly determined connection state between the second management device and the at least one reference device. Then, according to the first connection probability and the second connection probability, it is determined whether the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device is satisfied.
  • the first management device when the first management device determines the connection probability between the management device and the at least one reference device according to the newly determined connection status between any management device and the at least one reference device, it may connect the at least one reference device to the at least one reference device.
  • the proportion of the number of reference devices whose connection status of the management device is in the connected state is determined as the connection probability. For example, assuming that the number of reference devices in the at least one reference device is 20, if among the 20 reference devices, the connection status of 15 reference devices and the management device is connected, and the connection status of 5 reference devices and the management device is connected.
  • S207 The first management device switches the operating state.
  • the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device When the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device is satisfied, it indicates that the current first management device can switch the operating state. At this time, if the operating state of the first management device is the main state, the first management device can switch the operating state from the main state to the standby state; if the operating state of the first management device is the standby state, then the first management device Then the running state can be switched from the standby state to the main state.
  • the first management device keeps the operating state unchanged.
  • the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device When the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device is not satisfied, it indicates that the current operating state cannot be switched by the first management device. At this time, the first management device needs to keep the operating state unchanged.
  • Each management device in the active/standby management system shown in Figure 1 can use the method shown in Figure 2 to switch its operating state.
  • the operating state of the management device 01 is the main state and the operating state of the management device 02 is the standby state.
  • the aforementioned at least one reference device includes the reference device 03 and the reference device 04 in FIG. 1, the connection probability between the management device 01 and the at least one reference device is connection probability A, and the connection probability between the management device 02 and the at least one reference device is connection Probability B.
  • connection probability A There are four situations in the relationship between the connection probability A and the connection probability B and the probability threshold:
  • connection probability A and connection probability B are both greater than the probability threshold
  • connection probability A and connection probability B are less than or equal to the probability threshold
  • connection probability A is greater than the probability threshold, and the connection probability B is less than or equal to the probability threshold;
  • connection probability A is less than or equal to the probability threshold, and the connection probability B is greater than the probability threshold.
  • the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the management device 01 includes: the first connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold.
  • the first connection probability is the aforementioned connection probability A
  • the second connection probability is the aforementioned connection probability B.
  • the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the management device 01 is satisfied in both cases (2) and (4), and is not satisfied in both cases (1) and (3). Therefore, the management device 01 will switch the operating state from the main state to the standby state in cases (2) and (4), and maintain the operating state as the main state in cases (1) and (3).
  • the switching conditions corresponding to the operating state of the management device 02 include: the first connection probability is greater than the probability threshold, and the second connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold.
  • the first connection probability is the aforementioned connection probability B
  • the second connection probability is the aforementioned connection probability A.
  • the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the management device 02 is satisfied in the case (4), and is not satisfied in the cases (1), (2), and (3). Therefore, the management device 02 will switch the operating state from the standby state to the main state in the case (4), and maintain the operating state as the standby state in the cases (1), (2), and (3).
  • the management device 01 maintains the operating state as the master state, and the management device 02 maintains the operating state as the standby state.
  • the management device 01 switches the operating state to the standby state, and the management device 02 maintains the operating state as the standby state.
  • the management device 01 maintains the operating state as the main state, and the management device 02 maintains the operating state as the standby state.
  • the management device 01 switches the operation state to the standby state, and the management device 02 switches the operation state to the main state.
  • the active/standby management system includes a management device whose operating state is the primary state and a management device whose operating state is the standby state.
  • the active/standby management system does not include the management device whose operating state is the primary state, and includes two management devices whose operating state is the standby state. In that case, there will be no management devices with multiple operating states as the main state in the active-standby management system, which avoids management confusion caused by multiple operating state-based management devices simultaneously managing reference devices. The problem.
  • the operating state switching method provided by the embodiments of the present application is related to devices inside the network system and has nothing to do with devices outside the network system (such as user devices connected to the reference device). Therefore, it can be used independently of devices outside the network system. Under the circumstances, the switching of the operating state of the management device is realized.
  • the following will take several common scenarios in the operation process of the active and standby management system shown in FIG. 1 as examples to describe the operation state switching method provided in the embodiment of the present application. Among them, it is still assumed that the operating state of the management device 01 is the main state, and the operating state of the management device 02 is the standby state.
  • the aforementioned at least one reference device includes the reference device 03 and the reference device 04 in FIG. 1.
  • Scenario 1 The management device 01 is powered off, a disaster or failure occurs. At this time, the management device 02 will switch the operating state from the standby state to the main state, and manage the reference device 03 and the reference device 04. During this period, the staff can repair the management device 01, and then the reference device 02 can synchronize the data to the management device 01.
  • Scenario 2 The management device 02 is powered off, disaster or failure occurs. At this time, the management device 01 will not switch the operating state. The staff can repair the management device 02, and the management device 02 will not switch the operating state after being repaired.
  • Scenario 3 The management device 01 is disconnected from the management device 02. At this time, the management device 01 may display the prompt message that the management device 01 is disconnected from the management device 02 to prompt the staff to repair the connection. At this time, the management device 01 and the management device 02 can determine whether the operating state needs to be switched according to the method for switching the operating state provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Scenario 4 The management device 01 is disconnected from the reference device (such as the reference device 03). At this time, the management device 01 can display the prompt information that the management device 01 is disconnected from the reference device 03, and the management device 02 can also display the prompt information. The staff can perform the connection between the management device 01 and the reference device 03 based on the prompt information. repair.
  • the management device 01 will switch the operating state.
  • the management device 02 will also switch the operating state when the switching condition corresponding to the operating state is met.
  • Scenario 5 The management device 02 is disconnected from the reference device (such as the reference device 03). At this time, the management device 01 can display the prompt information that the management device 02 is disconnected from the reference device 03, and the management device 02 can also display the prompt information. The staff can perform the connection between the management device 02 and the reference device 03 based on the prompt information. repair.
  • the management device 01 will switch the operating state.
  • the management device 02 will also switch the operating state when the switching condition corresponding to the operating state is met.
  • the management device 01 is disconnected from the management device 02, and the management device 01 is disconnected from the reference device (such as the reference device 03).
  • the management device 01 can display the prompt message that the management device 01 is disconnected from the management device 02 to prompt the staff to repair the connection between the management device 01 and the management device 02.
  • the management device 01 can display the prompt information that the management device 01 is disconnected from the reference device 03, and the management device 02 can also display the prompt information, and the staff can repair the connection between the management device 01 and the reference device 03 based on the prompt information.
  • the management device 01 will switch the operating state.
  • the management device 02 will also switch the operating state when the switching condition corresponding to the operating state is met.
  • Scenario 7 The management device 01 is disconnected from the management device 02, and the management device 02 is disconnected from the reference device (such as the reference device 03). At this time, the management device 01 can display the prompt message that the management device 01 is disconnected from the management device 02 to prompt the staff to repair the connection between the management device 01 and the management device 02.
  • the management device 01 can display the prompt information that the management device 01 is disconnected from the reference device 03, and the management device 02 can also display the prompt information, and the staff can repair the connection between the management device 01 and the reference device 03 based on the prompt information.
  • the management device 01 will switch the operating state.
  • the management device 02 will also switch the operating state when the switching condition corresponding to the operating state is met.
  • the management device 01 is disconnected from the management device 02, and the management device 01 is disconnected from the reference device (such as the reference device 03), and the management device 02 is disconnected from the reference device (such as the reference device 03).
  • the management device 01 can display the prompt message that the management device 01 is disconnected from the management device 02 and the management device 01 is disconnected from the reference device 03 to remind the staff to connect the management device 01 and the management device 02, and The connection between the management device 01 and the reference device 03 is repaired.
  • the management device 02 can display the prompt message that the management device 02 is disconnected from the management device 01, and the management device 02 is disconnected from the reference device 03, to remind the staff to connect the management device 02 and the management device 01, and the management device 02 The connection to the reference device 03 is repaired.
  • the management device 01 will switch the operating state.
  • the management device 02 will also switch the operating state when the switching condition corresponding to the operating state is met.
  • the staff can repair and adjust the active/standby management system so that the existing operating state in the active/standby management system is the main state.
  • the management device there is also a running state in which the running state is the standby state.
  • these management devices can also use the method provided in the embodiments of the present application to automatically switch the operating states, so that the existing operating states in the active/standby management system
  • the management device in the master state also has an operation state in which the operation state is the standby state, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the number of at least one reference device in S201 may be greater than the number threshold.
  • the number threshold can be any value, such as 10, 15, 20, and so on.
  • the first management device determines the connection state of the first management device and the reference device and the error rate of the connection state of the second management device and the reference device is (1- Pa*Pb) ⁇ K
  • the accuracy rate is 1-(1-Pa*Pb) ⁇ K
  • (1-Pa*Pb) ⁇ K represents (1-Pa*Pb) to the power of K. It can be seen that 1-Pa*Pb is a number less than 1.
  • K is larger, the error rate (1-Pa*Pb) ⁇ K is smaller, and the accuracy rate is greater, and the first connection determined by the first management device The higher the reliability of the probability and the second connection probability, the higher the credibility. For example, when K is greater than 20, the error rate approaches 0 and the accuracy rate approaches 1.
  • At least one reference device in S201 may satisfy at least one of the following conditions: at least one reference device is located in multiple subnets; at least one reference device has a distance greater than a distance threshold (such as 10 kilometers or 100 kilometers, etc.) Multiple reference devices; and/or at least one reference device is used to be managed by multiple processes in the same management device (such as a management device whose running state is the main state).
  • a distance threshold such as 10 kilometers or 100 kilometers, etc.
  • the at least one reference device When the at least one reference device is located in multiple subnets, it can be avoided that the at least one reference device is located in the same subnet.
  • the subnet fails, the at least one reference device cannot work normally at the same time (for example, these reference devices fail at the same time or perform simultaneous operations).
  • the maintenance of the device affects the normal execution of the operating state switching method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the at least one reference device When there are multiple reference devices with a distance greater than the distance threshold in the at least one reference device, it can be considered that the multiple reference devices are distributed in different regions. At this time, it can be avoided that the at least one reference device is distributed in the same region.
  • the at least one reference device cannot work normally at the same time (for example, the reference devices fail at the same time or the device maintenance is performed at the same time), which affects the normal execution of the operating state switching method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the at least one reference device When at least one reference device is used to be managed by multiple processes, it can be avoided that the at least one reference device is managed by the same process.
  • the process fails, the at least one reference device cannot work normally at the same time (for example, these reference devices fail at the same time or Simultaneous maintenance of the device) affects the normal execution of the operating state switching method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the management device switches the operating state according to the connection state of at least one reference device.
  • the probability that the at least one reference device cannot work normally at the same time is small. Therefore, the operating state switching method has high reliability and high credibility.
  • the management device uses a third-party device to switch the operating state, the third-party device is more likely to fail to work normally. Therefore, the management device uses the third-party device to switch the operating state of the solution with low reliability.
  • the first management device may adopt at least one of multiple implementation manners to determine the management The connection status between the device and the reference device.
  • the multiple implementation manners will be illustrated below with examples.
  • the first management device may, according to the connection information of the reference device, Determine at least one target device connected to the reference device within the target duration (such as 10 seconds, 5 milliseconds, etc.) before the current moment.
  • the at least one target device includes the management device
  • the first management device may determine that the connection state between the management device and the reference device is a connected state; when the at least one target device does not include the management device, the first management device It can be determined that the connection state between the management device and the reference device is a disconnected state.
  • the "connection” here can be either a long connection or a short connection. When the connection is a short connection, the management device needs to periodically establish a connection with the reference device.
  • the reference device maintains its connection information.
  • the connection information includes at least the identification of the target device to which the reference device is connected.
  • the identification of the target device may be an IP address or an identity document (ID).
  • the target device has an external IP address and an internal IP address, and the IP address may be the external IP address of the target device.
  • the identification of the target device connected to the reference device in the connection information of the reference device may be: PEER-IP (peer Internet Protocol address), for example, the connection information of a reference device includes: 129.9.35.220 and 129.9.
  • connection information may also include other content, such as CON-TIMES (connection duration), etc., which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first management device may send a connection information acquisition instruction to the reference device, so that the reference device sends the connection information of the reference device to the first management device according to the acquisition instruction. After that, the first management device can determine the above-mentioned target device according to the identifier of the target device in the connection information.
  • each management device of the above at least one management device is used to periodically (e.g., the period is 10 seconds, 20 seconds, etc.) perform a check on each reference device in the above at least one reference device. Target operation.
  • the first management device may determine the execution result of at least one recent target operation performed by the management device on the reference device (including: At least one execution result).
  • the first management device may determine that the connection state between the management device and the reference device is a connected state; the execution is successful in the at least one execution result When the number of execution results of is less than or equal to the number threshold, the first management device may determine that the connection state between the management device and the reference device is a disconnected state.
  • the above-mentioned target operation can be any operation, such as operations such as writing data, modifying data, deleting data, or establishing a connection.
  • the management device can periodically write data to a certain storage space in the reference device, and the storage spaces for writing data in the same reference device by different management devices are different from each other.
  • the data written each time may include the time stamp of the written data.
  • the first management device can read the data written in the storage space in the reference device, and determine the execution result of at least one recent target operation based on the data.
  • the management device 01 periodically writes data to a certain storage space in the reference device 03, and should write time stamp 1, time stamp 2, time stamp 3, and time stamp 3 to the storage space in sequence. Time stamp 4 and time stamp 5, but in fact, the management device 01 sequentially writes time stamp 1, time stamp 2, time stamp 3, and time stamp 5 into the storage space. If the aforementioned at least one target operation includes two target operations, when determining the execution results of the two most recent target operations, the first management device may first calculate that the data that should be written in the two most recent target operations are timestamp 4 and timestamp, respectively 5.
  • the first management device may compare the time stamp "timestamp 5" that was written for the first time in the storage space with the time stamp "timestamp 5" that should be written for the first time recently, to determine the most recent first time stamp.
  • the execution result of the second target operation is successful; the first management device may also write the time stamp "timestamp 3" for the second time in the storage space and the time stamp "timestamp 3" that should be written for the second time in the storage space. 4" to make a comparison to determine that the execution result of the second most recent target operation is an execution failure.
  • the time of each device in the network system is the same, and the time stamps generated by different devices at the same time are the same.
  • the data that the management device writes to the reference device each time may not include the above-mentioned time stamp, but may include other content such as the number of times the data is written.
  • the data written by the management device to a certain storage space in the reference device can be the data in the above example, of course, it can also be configuration data.
  • the reference device is used to perform corresponding configuration operations according to the configuration data. The application embodiment does not limit this.
  • the management device may also periodically delete the historical data written in the storage space. For example, every time the management device writes data to the storage space 100 times, the data written to the storage space 50 times before is deleted.
  • the first management device determines whether there is data that should be written by the management device in the storage space to determine whether the operation of writing the data is successful as an example.
  • the reference device may also maintain an operation log.
  • the operation log is at least used to record the operations of other devices (such as the management device) in the reference device.
  • the first management device may determine the management device based on the operation log in the reference device. Whether the target operation on the reference device is executed successfully.
  • the data written by the management device into the reference device may or may not include a time stamp.
  • a certain storage space in the reference device may pre-store the data to be modified by the management device, and the storage space of the data to be modified in the same reference device for different management devices is different from each other.
  • the data to be modified may refer to the data written in the reference device by the management device in the first aspect, which is not described in detail in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the management device may periodically modify the pre-stored data to be modified in the reference device.
  • the first management device may determine the execution result of at least one recent target operation according to whether the storage space in the reference device contains data that should be modified.
  • the data to be modified pre-stored in a certain storage space in the reference device includes: data 1, data 2, data 3, data 4, and data 5.
  • data 1 should be modified to timestamp 1
  • data 2 should be changed to timestamp 2
  • data 3 should be changed to timestamp 3
  • data 4 should be changed to timestamp 4
  • data 5 should be changed to timestamp 5.
  • the management device 01 sequentially changes data 1 to time stamp 1, data 2 to time stamp 2, and data 3 Is timestamp 3, and data 5 is modified to timestamp 5.
  • the first management device may first calculate that data 4 should be modified to a timestamp 4 in the last two target operations, and change the data 5 is modified to timestamp 5. After that, the first management device may compare the time stamp "timestamp 5" that was last modified for the first time in the storage space with the time stamp "timestamp 5" that should be modified the first time most recently, to determine the first most recent time stamp.
  • the execution result of the second target operation is successful; the first management device may also be the second most recent modified timestamp "timestamp 3" in the storage space and the second most recent modified timestamp "timestamp” 4" to make a comparison to determine that the execution result of the second most recent target operation is an execution failure.
  • the management device may also periodically update the data to be modified in the storage space. For example, every time the management device modifies the data 100 times to the storage space, the data that has been modified the previous 50 times is updated.
  • the first management device determines whether there is data obtained by the management device that should be modified in the storage space to determine whether the operation of modifying the data is successful as an example.
  • the reference device may also maintain an operation log.
  • the operation log is at least used to record the operations of other devices (such as the management device) in the reference device.
  • the first management device may determine the management device based on the operation log in the reference device. Whether the target operation on the reference device is executed successfully.
  • a certain storage space in the reference device may pre-store the data to be deleted by the management device, and the storage space of the data to be deleted in the same reference device for different management devices is different from each other.
  • the data to be deleted may refer to the data written in the reference device by the management device in the first aspect, which is not described in detail in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the management device may periodically delete the pre-stored data to be deleted in the reference device.
  • the first management device may determine the execution result of at least one recent target operation according to whether the data in the storage space in the reference device is deleted.
  • the management device 01 is periodically deleting In the process of referring to the data in a certain storage space in the device 03, time stamp 1, time stamp 2, time stamp 3, time stamp 4, and time stamp 5 should be deleted in sequence. In fact, the management device 01 deletes the storage space in sequence Timestamp 1, Timestamp 2, Timestamp 3, and Timestamp 5 in. If the aforementioned at least one target operation includes two target operations, when determining the execution results of the last two target operations, the first management device may first calculate that the data that should be deleted for the last two target operations are timestamp 4 and timestamp 5, respectively. .
  • the first management device may compare the time stamp "timestamp 5" that was first deleted in the storage space with the time stamp "timestamp 5" that should be deleted the first time recently, to determine the first most recent time stamp.
  • the execution result of the target operation is successful; the first management device may also compare the time stamp "timestamp 3" that was deleted the second most recently in the storage space with the time stamp "timestamp 4" that should be deleted the second time most recently. To determine the execution result of the second most recent target operation as execution failure.
  • the management device may also periodically store the data to be deleted in the storage space. For example, every time the management device deletes data from the storage space 50 times, it stores some newly added data to be deleted in the storage space.
  • the first management device determines whether there is data that should be deleted by the management device in the storage space to determine whether the operation of deleting the data is successful as an example.
  • the reference device may also maintain an operation log.
  • the operation log is at least used to record the operations of other devices (such as the management device) in the reference device.
  • the first management device may determine the management device based on the operation log in the reference device. Whether the target operation on the reference device is executed successfully.
  • the management device can periodically establish a connection with the reference device.
  • the establishment of a connection between the management device and the reference device may also be referred to as the management device logging in to the reference device.
  • the connection established between the management device and the reference device may be a long connection or a short connection, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the reference device may also maintain an operation log, which is at least used to record the operations of other devices (such as the management device) in the reference device.
  • the first management device may determine the management device and the reference device based on the operation log in the reference device. Whether the connection establishment is executed successfully, and then determine the execution result of at least one recent target operation.
  • the first management device may also use other methods to determine the connection state between the management device and the reference device, which is not limited in this application.
  • the first management device may determine whether the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device is satisfied according to the connection state corresponding to the at least one reference device. In S207, if the operating state of the first management device corresponds to If the switching condition is satisfied, the first management device can switch between the operating state of its main state and its standby state.
  • the operating state of the first management device includes a main state or a standby state, and the switching condition corresponding to the main state is different from the switching condition corresponding to the standby state.
  • the switching conditions corresponding to the main state include: the first connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold, and the switching conditions corresponding to the standby state include: the first connection probability is greater than the probability threshold, and the second connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold. example.
  • these switching conditions are not limited to this, and the following will take several other cases of these switching conditions as examples for explanation.
  • the switching condition corresponding to the main state includes: the first management device is disconnected from the second management device, and the first connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold.
  • the switching conditions corresponding to the standby state include: the first management device is disconnected from the second management device, and the first connection probability is greater than the probability threshold, and the at least one reference device is not set in the main state within the duration threshold before the current moment The ID of the management device.
  • the management device in the main state in the active/standby management system is used to periodically set the identification of the management device in the main state in the at least one reference device.
  • the above-mentioned duration threshold is greater than or equal to the period during which the management device in the main state sets the identification of the management device in the main state in at least one reference device.
  • the first management device When the operating state of the first management device is in the main state, if the first management device is not disconnected from the second management device, the first management device may still maintain the operating state in the main state. In addition, when the first management device is running in the main operating state, the first management device needs to periodically set the first management device in the at least one reference device (for example, at least part of the reference devices in the at least one reference device). Is set to the identification of the management device in the main state.
  • the at least one reference device for example, at least part of the reference devices in the at least one reference device.
  • the first management device can determine whether the first connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold. If the first connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold, the first management device may determine that the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device is satisfied. At this time, the first management device may switch from the operating state of the main state to the standby state In the operating state, and after the first management device is switched to the standby operating state, it will not continue to set the identifier of the first management device in the at least one reference device. If the first connection probability is greater than the probability threshold, the first management device can determine that the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device is not met. At this time, the first management device can still maintain the operating state of the main state and continue the cycle Sexually, in the above-mentioned at least one reference device, the identification of the first management device is set as the identification of the management device in the main state.
  • the first management device When the operating state of the first management device is in the standby state, if the first management device is not disconnected from the second management device, the first management device may still maintain the operating state in the standby state. In addition, when the first management device is operating in the standby state, the first management device does not need to periodically set the identification of the management device in the main state in the at least one reference device.
  • the first management device can determine whether the first connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold, and in the current Whether the identification of the management device in the main state is set in the above-mentioned at least one reference device within the time length threshold before the time. If the first connection probability is greater than the probability threshold, and the identification of the management device in the main state is not set in the at least one reference device within the time length threshold before the current moment, the first management device may determine the operating state of the first management device The corresponding switching condition is met.
  • the first management device can be switched from the standby operating state to the main operating state, and after the first management device is switched to the main operating state, it needs to periodically switch to the above-mentioned at least An identification of the first management device is set in a reference device. If the first connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold, and the identification of the management device in the main state is set in the at least one reference device within the time length threshold before the current moment, and at least one of these two conditions is met, then the first The management device may determine that the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device is not met. At this time, the first management device may still maintain the operating state in the standby state, and the first management device does not need to periodically connect to the at least one reference device. Set to the identification of the management device in the main state.
  • the first management device may periodically set the identifier of the first management device in the above-mentioned at least one reference device in a variety of ways.
  • the first management device writes in the at least one reference device each time: the identification of the first management device and the current time stamp, so as to set the identification of the first management device in the at least one reference device.
  • the first management device sets the identification of the first management device in the at least one reference device for the first time, it may write the identification of the first management device and the time when the information is currently written in the at least one reference device Afterwards, each time the first management device sets the identification of the first management device in the at least one reference device, it can update the previously written time stamp to the current time stamp.
  • the switching conditions corresponding to the standby state can be referred to the switching conditions corresponding to the standby state in case (1), which is not described in detail in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the switching conditions corresponding to the main state include: the first management device is disconnected from the second management device, and the first connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold; or, the first management device is disconnected from the second management device, and the first management device is disconnected from the second management device.
  • the connection probability is greater than the probability threshold, at least one reference device is provided with an identification of the management device in the main state within the time length threshold before the current moment, and the identification of the management device in the main state is different from the identification of the first management device.
  • the first management device When the operating state of the first management device is in the main state, if the first management device is not disconnected from the second management device, the first management device can maintain the operating state in the main state. In addition, when the first management device is operating in the main state of operation, the first management device needs to periodically set the identification of the first management device to the identification of the management device in the main state in the at least one reference device mentioned above.
  • the first management device can determine whether the first connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold. Whether the identification of the management device in the main state is set in at least one reference device within the previous duration threshold, and when the identification is set in at least one reference device within the duration threshold before the current time, the identification is the same as the identification of the first management device Whether the identifiers are the same.
  • the first management device may determine that the operating state of the first management device corresponds to The handover condition of is not satisfied; if the first connection probability is greater than the probability threshold, and the identification of the management device in the main state is set in at least one reference device within the time length threshold before the current moment, and the identification is the same as that of the first management device If the identifiers are the same, the first management device may determine that the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device is not satisfied.
  • the first management device may still maintain the operating state of the main state, and continue to periodically set the operating state of the first management device in the at least one reference device mentioned above.
  • the identifier is set as the identifier of the management device in the main state.
  • the first management device can determine that the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device is satisfied; if the first connection probability is greater than the probability threshold and is at least within the duration threshold before the current moment
  • a reference device is provided with an identification of the management device in the main state, and the identification is not the same as the identification of the first management device, the first management device may also determine that the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device is satisfied.
  • the first management device can be switched from the operating state of the main state to the operating state of the standby state, and the first management device will not continue to be in the at least one reference device. Set the identity of the first management device.
  • the first management device may not need to determine Whether the above switching conditions are met.
  • the above-mentioned at least one management device and at least one reference device both have priorities, and different devices have different priorities, and the priority of the management device is higher than the priority of the reference device.
  • the management device in the main state is used to periodically set the identification of the management device in the main state in the at least one management device and the at least one reference device described above.
  • the aforementioned at least one management device and at least one reference device are connected to each other, and each of the at least one management device and the at least one reference device can determine the priority of these devices.
  • the device can set the identifier of the device with the highest priority among the above-mentioned at least one management device and at least one reference device as the identifier of the management device in the main state. After that, the device with the highest priority can switch the operating state to the main state, and periodically set the identification of the management device in the main state in the at least one management device and the at least one reference device.
  • the first management device has various ways to switch between the main state of the first management device and the standby state of the first management device. This method is taken as an example, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the above describes the switching of the operating state of the management device in the main-standby management system by means of the reference device during the operation.
  • the management device when the management device is started, it can also be determined whether the management device is started in the active state or the standby state by means of the connection state corresponding to at least one reference device.
  • the first management device when the first management device is started, it needs to determine whether the connection between the first management device and the second management device is interrupted. If the first management device is disconnected from the second management device, the first management device is disconnected from the second management device. A management device needs to determine whether the main state start condition and the standby state start condition are satisfied. When the main start condition is met, the first management device can be started in the main running state; when the standby start condition is satisfied, the first management device can be started in the standby running state.
  • the main state start conditions include: the first connection probability is greater than the probability threshold, and the second connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold;
  • the standby state start conditions include: the first connection probability and the second connection probability are both greater than the probability threshold; or, the first connection probability is greater than the probability threshold; Both the first connection probability and the second connection probability are less than or equal to the probability threshold; or, the first connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold, and the second connection probability is greater than the probability threshold.
  • the management device usually includes a management plane module and a business plane module.
  • the management plane module is used to manage the business plane module
  • the business plane module can run in the main state or the standby state
  • the business plane module is used to execute the business that the management device needs to perform (for example, in the main state When the operating state is running, the reference device is managed, etc.).
  • the management device When the management device is started, it usually starts the module of the management plane first, and then starts the module of the business plane.
  • the above process of judging whether the connection between the first management device and the second management device is interrupted, and judging whether the main state start condition and the standby state start condition are satisfied can all be executed by the module of the management plane.
  • the management plane module can control the business plane module to start in the main state running state; when the standby state startup condition is met, the management plane module can control the business plane module to prepare for the standby state.
  • the running state starts.
  • the first management device when the starting condition of the standby state is met, the first management device will start in the operating state of the standby state. If the condition met in the standby start condition is that the first connection probability and the second connection probability are both greater than the probability threshold, the first management device can also adjust the operating state appropriately after the first management device is started in the standby operating state. For example, the first management device can record its operating state, and after the first management device is started in the standby state, it can also determine whether its operating state before the current start is the same as the current standby state. .
  • the first management device can change its running state Switch from the standby state to the main state. If the operating state of the first management device before this startup is the same as the operating state of the current standby state (for example, the operating state of the first management device before this startup is the standby state), the first management device can maintain its operating state For the ready state.
  • the foregoing describes the case where the first management device is disconnected from the second management device when the first management device is started.
  • the first management device can determine the operating status of the second management device through the connection, and according to the second management device The operating state of determines the operating state of the first management device when it is started.
  • the first management device For example, if the operating state of the second management device is the standby state (or the operating state is switched from the main state to the standby state), the first management device is started in the main operating state; Start the operating state before starting (for example, if the operating state of the first management device before this startup is the standby state, the first management device starts in the standby operating state); if the operating state of the second management device is the main operating state State (or the operation state is switched from the standby state to the main state), or the first management device does not query the operation state of the second management device, the first management device starts in the operation state of the standby state.
  • the first management device determines whether the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device is satisfied according to the connection state corresponding to the at least one reference device, and the switching condition is the above situation (1) or situation (2) ), the first management device may also use other methods to determine whether the management device is started in the main state or the standby state. For example, each management device in the active and standby management system has different priorities, the first management device can detect whether the first management device is connected to the at least one reference device, and the at least one reference device is within a time threshold before the current moment. Whether the identification of the active device is set in the device, and whether the first management device is the management device with the highest priority in the active/standby management system.
  • the first management device is connected to the at least one reference device, and the identification of the active device is not set in the at least one reference device within the time threshold before the current time, and the first management device has priority in the active/standby management system The highest management device, the first management device can be started in the main operating state. If the first management device is connected to the at least one reference device, the identification of the active device is not set in the at least one reference device within the time threshold before the current time, and the first management device has the highest priority in the active/standby management system If at least one of the three conditions is not met, the first management device will start in the standby operating state.
  • each management device in the active and standby management system can perform operating state switching according to the method provided in the present application.
  • the basis for switching the operating status of the management device is related to at least one reference device managed by the active and standby management system. Therefore, the switching of the operating status of the management device can be realized without using a third-party device outside the network system. Therefore, the flexibility of switching the operating state of the management device is improved.
  • the third-party device does not need to be used, the third-party device does not need to be deployed, which avoids the problem of increased costs caused by the layout of the third-party device and the complexity of the layout of the third-party device.
  • the sequence of operations of the method embodiments provided in the embodiments of the present application can be appropriately adjusted, and the operations can also be increased or decreased accordingly according to the situation.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 may not include S201 and S202, and in S206, the first management device determines the connection status of the corresponding management device and the aforementioned at least one reference device according to the handover condition that needs to be determined.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 may not include S203, that is, the precondition for the first management device to execute S204 does not include that the first management device is disconnected from the second management device. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily think of a change method within the technical scope disclosed in this application, which should be covered by the protection scope of this application, and therefore will not be repeated.
  • the first management device can be applied to the network system provided by this application, and can be used to implement the switching method of the operating state provided by the above-mentioned embodiment .
  • the first management device may include:
  • the determining module 301 is configured to determine the connection status corresponding to at least one reference device managed by the active/standby management system; wherein the connection status corresponding to the reference device includes: at least one of the reference device and the active/standby management system The connection status of the management device, the at least one management device includes the first management device;
  • the switching module 302 is configured to switch between the main state of the first management device and the operating state of the standby state of the first management device according to the connection state corresponding to the at least one reference device.
  • the determining module 301 may be used to perform the operation in S201 in the switching method of the operating state as shown in FIG. 2; the switching module 302 may be used to perform the operations in S203 to S208 in the switching method of the operating state as shown in FIG. In the operation.
  • the at least one reference device satisfies at least one of the following conditions: the at least one reference device includes devices with multiple subnets; the at least one reference device includes multiple devices with a distance greater than a distance threshold; and/or The at least one reference device is used to be managed by multiple processes of the same management device in the active/standby management system.
  • the determining module 301 may be used to determine, according to the connection information of any reference device in the at least one reference device, at least one target device connected to the any reference device within the target time period before the current moment; When the at least one target device includes any one of the at least one management devices, it is determined that the connection state between the any management device and the any reference device is a connected state; When the device does not include any of the management devices, it is determined that the connection state of the management device and the reference device is a disconnected state.
  • each of the at least one management device is used to periodically perform a target operation on each of the at least one reference device
  • the determination module 301 may be used to: Any one of the at least one management device, and any one of the at least one reference device, determine at least one of at least one of the most recent target operations of the any one of the management devices on the any reference device Execution result; when the number of execution results successfully executed in the at least one execution result is greater than the number threshold, it is determined that the connection state between the any management device and the any reference device is the connected state; When the number of successful execution results in one execution result is less than or equal to the number threshold, it is determined that the connection state between any management device and any reference device is a disconnected state.
  • the target operation includes at least one of writing data, deleting data, modifying data, and establishing a connection.
  • the switching module 302 is configured to: according to the connection state corresponding to the at least one reference device, determine whether the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device is satisfied;
  • the operating state includes a main state or a standby state, and the switching condition corresponding to the main state is different from the switching condition corresponding to the standby state; when the switching condition corresponding to the operating state of the first management device is satisfied, the first management device Switch between the operating state of the main state of the first management device and the standby state of the first management device.
  • the at least one management device further includes: a second management device; the switching condition corresponding to the main state includes: a first connection probability is less than or equal to a probability threshold; the switching condition corresponding to the standby state includes: the first state A connection probability is greater than a probability threshold, and a second connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold; wherein, the first connection probability is: the connection probability between the first management device and the at least one reference device, and the first connection probability is The second connection probability is: the connection probability between the second management device and the at least one reference device.
  • the management device in the active state in the active/standby management system is used to periodically set the identifier of the management device in the active state in the at least one reference device, and the at least one management device further Including: a second management device;
  • the switching condition corresponding to the main state includes: the first management device is disconnected from the second management device, and the first connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold; or, the first management device A management device is disconnected from the second management device, and the first connection probability is greater than the probability threshold, and the management device in the main state is set in the at least one reference device within the time length threshold before the current moment
  • the identification of the management device in the main state is different from the identification of the first management device;
  • the switching condition corresponding to the standby state includes: the first management device is disconnected from the second management device Connected, the first connection probability is greater than the probability threshold, and the identification of the management device in the main state is not set in the at least one reference device within the duration threshold before the current moment; wherein, the first The connection probability is
  • the plurality of management apparatuses further include: a second management apparatus, and the switching module 302 is configured to: when the first management apparatus is disconnected from the second management apparatus, according to the at least one management apparatus With reference to the connection state corresponding to the device, switch between the main state of the first management device and the operating state of the standby state of the first management device.
  • the determining module 301 is configured to periodically determine the connection status corresponding to the at least one reference device; the switching module 302 is configured to: according to the newly determined connection status corresponding to the at least one reference device, Switching between the main state of the first management device and the operating state of the standby state of the first management device.
  • the first management device further includes: a prompting module (not shown in FIG. 3), configured to display the disconnected state when the connection state corresponding to the at least one reference device includes a disconnected state Status prompt information.
  • the prompt module may be used to perform the operation in S202 in the method for switching the operating state as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the first management device further includes: a startup module (not shown in FIG. 3), configured to start in a main state or a standby state according to the connection state corresponding to the at least one reference device.
  • a startup module (not shown in FIG. 3), configured to start in a main state or a standby state according to the connection state corresponding to the at least one reference device.
  • the at least one management device further includes: a second management device, and the activation module is configured to: when the first management device is disconnected from the second management device and the main state activation condition is satisfied , Start in the operating state of the main state; start in the operating state of the standby state when the first management device is disconnected from the second management device and the standby start condition is satisfied; wherein, the main state is started
  • the conditions include: the first connection probability is greater than the probability threshold, the second connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold, the first connection probability is: the connection probability between the first management device and the at least one reference device, the The second connection probability is: the connection probability between the second management device and the at least one reference device; the standby start condition includes: the first connection probability and the second connection probability are both greater than the probability threshold Or, the first connection probability and the second connection probability are both less than or equal to the probability threshold; or, the first connection probability is less than or equal to the probability threshold, and the second connection probability is greater than all The probability threshold.
  • the management device usually includes a management plane module and a business plane module.
  • the management plane module is used to manage the business plane module
  • the business plane module can run in the main state or the standby state
  • the business plane module is used to execute the business that the management device needs to perform.
  • the management plane module is used to determine whether the business plane module is started in the main state or the standby state, and whether to switch the operation state.
  • Each module in the first management apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present application may be a module of the management plane in the management apparatus.
  • the first management device of the embodiment of the present application is described above, and the possible product forms of the first management device are described below. It should be understood that all products in any form that have the characteristics of the first management device in FIG. 3 above fall into the protection scope of this application. It should also be understood that the following introduction is only an example, and does not limit the product form of the first management device in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first management device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be implemented by a general bus architecture.
  • the first management device 1000 includes a processor 1001 and a memory 1002.
  • the memory 1002 stores at least one instruction, and the processor 1001 is configured to load This instruction executes the above-mentioned operating state switching method.
  • the first management apparatus may further include a transceiver 1003 and a bus 1004.
  • the processor 1001, the memory 1002, and the transceiver 1003 may be connected through a bus 1004.
  • the processor 1001 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits for controlling program execution of the solution of the present application.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • the memory 1002 can be a read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM), or other types that can store information and instructions
  • the dynamic storage device can also be electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only Memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (Including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or can be used to carry or store desired program codes in the form of instructions or data structures and can be used by a computer Any other media accessed, but not limited to this.
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • CD-ROM compact disc read-only Memory
  • optical disc storage including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.
  • magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices or can be used to carry or store desired program codes in the form of
  • the embodiment of the present application provides another computer-readable storage medium, and the storage medium stores at least one instruction, and the instruction is loaded by a processor and executes any operating state switching method provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product containing instructions.
  • the computer program product runs on a first management device, the first management device executes any operating state switching method provided in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the computer may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof.
  • software it may be implemented in the form of a computer program product in whole or in part, and the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer program instructions When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are generated in whole or in part.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server, or data.
  • the center transmits to another website site, computer, server or data center through wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.).
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center integrated with one or more available media.
  • the usable medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, and a magnetic tape), an optical medium, or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid-state hard disk).
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
  • at least one refers to one or more, and “multiple” refers to two or more, unless expressly defined otherwise.
  • the “and/or” mentioned in this article means that there can be three kinds of relationships, for example, A and/or B can mean: A alone exists, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or” relationship.
  • the disclosed system, device, etc. can be implemented in other configuration methods.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of modules is only a logical function division, and there may be other divisions in actual implementation, for example, multiple modules can be combined or integrated into another. A system or some features can be ignored or not implemented.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in electrical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components described as modules may or may not be physical modules, and may be located in one place or distributed on multiple devices. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments.

Abstract

公开了一种运行状态的切换方法及装置、主备管理系统、网络系统，属于通信技术领域。所述方法包括：第一管理装置首先确定主备管理系统管理的至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，之后，再根据至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在第一管理装置的主态和第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换。其中，参考装置对应的连接状态包括：参考装置与主备管理系统中至少一个管理装置的连接状态，至少一个管理装置包括第一管理装置。由于管理装置无需借助第三方装置便可以实现管理装置运行状态的切换，所以，提升了管理装置运行状态切换的灵活性，本申请用于管理装置。

Description

运行状态的切换方法及装置、主备管理系统、网络系统
本申请要求于2020年6月24日提交的申请号为202010590816.X、发明名称为“运行状态的切换方法及装置、主备管理系统、网络系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，特别涉及一种运行状态的切换方法及装置、主备管理系统、网络系统。
背景技术
主备管理系统通常包括：相连接的两个管理装置。这两个管理装置中，一个管理装置的运行状态为主态，另一个管理装置的运行状态为备态，并由运行状态为主态的管理装置对主备管理系统管理的网元进行管理。
主备管理系统中的这两个管理装置均连接至主备管理系统外的第三方装置，这两个管理装置可以借助第三方装置进行运行状态的切换，以将一个管理装置的运行状态由主态切换为备态，将另一个管理装置的运行状态由备态切换为主态。
但是，主备管理系统中管理装置运行状态的切换需要借助第三方装置，因此，管理装置进行运行状态切换的灵活性较低。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种运行状态的切换方法及装置、主备管理系统、网络系统，可以解决管理装置进行运行状态切换的灵活性较低的问题，所述技术方案如下：
第一方面，提供了一种运行状态的切换方法，所述方法包括：第一管理装置首先确定主备管理系统管理的至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，之后，再根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在第一管理装置的主态和第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换。其中，所述第一管理装置为主备管理系统中的任一管理装置，所述参考装置对应的连接状态包括：所述参考装置与所述主备管理系统中至少一个管理装置的连接状态，所述至少一个管理装置包括所述第一管理装置。
在本申请实施例提供的运行状态切换方法中，主备管理系统中的每个管理装置都能够按照本申请提供的方法进行运行状态的切换。并且，管理装置的运行状态切换的依据与主备管理系统中的至少一个参考装置相关，因此，无需借助主备管理系统外的第三方装置便可以实现管理装置运行状态的切换。所以，提升了管理装置运行状态切换的灵活性。另外，由于无需借助该第三方装置，因此，无需布局该第三方装置，避免了布局第三方装置所带来的成本增加的问题，以及布局第三方装置的复杂性问题。
可选地，所述至少一个参考装置满足以下至少一种条件：所述至少一个参考装置包括多个子网的装置；所述至少一个参考装置包括距离大于距离阈值的多个装置；和/或所述至少一 个参考装置用于被所述主备管理系统中同一管理装置的多个进程管理。
当该至少一个参考装置位于多个子网时，能够避免该至少一个参考装置位于同一个子网，在该子网故障时，该至少一个参考装置同时故障而影响本申请实施例提供的运行状态切换方法的正常执行。当该至少一个参考装置中存在距离大于距离阈值的多个参考装置时，可以认为该多个参考装置分布在不同的地域，此时能够避免将该至少一个参考装置分布在同一地域，在该地域出现地质灾害时，该至少一个参考装置同时故障而影响本申请实施例提供的运行状态切换方法的正常执行。当至少一个参考装置用于被多个进程管理时，能够避免将该至少一个参考装置由同一进程管理，在该进程故障时，该至少一个参考装置同时故障而影响本申请实施例提供的运行状态切换方法的正常执行。根据以上分析可知，本申请实施例提供的运行状态切换方法中，管理装置依据至少一个参考装置进行运行状态的切换。并且，该至少一个参考装置同时故障的概率较小，因此，该运行状态切换方法的可靠性较高。而管理装置在借助第三方装置进行运行状态的切换的方案中，第三方装置故障的概率较大，因此，管理装置借助第三方装置进行运行状态的切换的方案的可靠性较低。
对于主备管理系统中的任一管理装置，以及该至少一个参考装置中的任一参考装置，第一管理装置可以采用多种方式中的至少一种方式，确定该管理装置与该参考装置的连接状态。
一方面，所述确定所述主备管理系统管理的至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，包括：根据所述至少一个参考装置中任一参考装置的连接信息，确定所述任一参考装置在当前时刻之前的目标时长内连接的至少一个目标装置；在所述至少一个目标装置包括所述至少一个管理装置中的任一管理装置时，确定所述任一管理装置与所述任一参考装置的连接状态为已连接状态；在所述至少一个目标装置不包括所述任一管理装置时，确定所述任一管理装置与所述任一参考装置的连接状态为断开连接状态。
另一方面，所述至少一个管理装置中的每个管理装置用于周期性地对所述至少一个参考装置中的每个参考装置进行目标操作，所述确定所述主备管理系统管理的至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，包括：对于所述至少一个管理装置中的任一管理装置，以及所述至少一个参考装置中的任一参考装置，确定所述任一管理装置对所述任一参考装置的最近至少一次所述目标操作的至少一个执行结果；在所述至少一个执行结果中执行成功的执行结果个数大于个数阈值时，确定所述任一管理装置与所述任一参考装置的连接状态为已连接状态；在所述至少一个执行结果中执行成功的执行结果个数小于或等于所述个数阈值时，确定所述任一管理装置与所述任一参考装置的连接状态为断开连接状态。
可选地，所述目标操作包括：写入数据、删除数据、修改数据和建立连接中的至少一种操作。
第一管理装置还可以采用其他方式确定管理装置与参考装置的连接状态，本申请对此不作限定。
可选地，所述根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在第一管理装置的主态和第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换，包括：根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，确定所述第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件是否满足；其中，所述第一管理装置的运行状态包括主态或备态，所述主态对应的切换条件与所述备态对应的切换条件不同；在所述第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件满足时，在第一管理装置的主态和第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换。
一方面，所述至少一个管理装置还包括：第二管理装置；所述主态对应的切换条件包括：第一连接概率小于或等于概率阈值；所述备态对应的切换条件包括：所述第一连接概率大于概率阈值，且第二连接概率小于或等于所述概率阈值；其中，所述第一连接概率为：所述第一管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率，所述第二连接概率为：所述第二管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率。
另一方面，所述主备管理系统中处于主态的管理装置用于：周期性地在所述至少一个参考装置中设置所述处于主态的管理装置的标识，所述至少一个管理装置还包括：第二管理装置；所述主态对应的切换条件包括：所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，且第一连接概率小于或等于概率阈值；或者，所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，且所述第一连接概率大于概率阈值，在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内所述至少一个参考装置中设置有所述处于主态的管理装置的标识，且所述处于主态的管理装置的标识与所述第一管理装置的标识不同；所述备态对应的切换条件包括：所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，所述第一连接概率大于所述概率阈值，且在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内所述至少一个参考装置中并未设置所述处于主态的管理装置的标识；其中，所述第一连接概率为：所述第一管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率，所述时长阈值大于或等于所述处于主态的管理装置在所述至少一个参考装置中设置所述标识的周期。
可选地，所述多个管理装置还包括：第二管理装置，所述根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在第一管理装置的主态和第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换，包括：在所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接时，根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在第一管理装置的主态和第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换。若第一管理装置与第二管理装置断开连接，则第一管理装置无法与第二管理装置进行协商，此时，第一管理装置根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在第一管理装置的主态和第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换。若第一管理装置与第二管理装置未断开连接，则第一管理装置可以通过与第二管理装置进行协商，以进行运行状态的切换。
可选地，所述确定所述主备管理系统管理的至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，包括：周期性地确定所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态；所述根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在第一管理装置的主态和第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换，包括：根据最新确定的所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在第一管理装置的主态和第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换。
可选地，所述方法还包括：在所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态包括断开连接状态时，展示所述断开连接状态的提示信息。这样一来，工作人员便可以根据该提示信息及时地对该管理装置和该参考装置的连接进行维修，避免该管理装置与该参考装置断开连接而影响对该参考装置的管理，以及后续运行状态的切换。
可选地，在所述根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在第一管理装置的主态和第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换之前，所述方法还包括：根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，以主态或备态的运行状态启动。也即是，管理装置在启动时，也可以借助至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，确定管理装置以主态还是备态的运行状态启动。
可选地，所述至少一个管理装置还包括：第二管理装置，所述根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，以主态或备态的运行状态启动，包括：在所述第一管理装置与所述第二 管理装置断开连接，且主态启动条件满足时，以主态的运行状态启动；在所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，且备态启动条件满足时，以备态的运行状态启动；其中，所述主态启动条件包括：第一连接概率大于概率阈值，第二连接概率小于或等于所述概率阈值，所述第一连接概率为：所述第一管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率，所述第二连接概率为：所述第二管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率；所述备态启动条件包括：所述第一连接概率和所述第二连接概率均大于所述概率阈值；或者，所述第一连接概率和所述第二连接概率均小于或等于所述概率阈值；或者，所述第一连接概率小于或等于所述概率阈值，且所述第二连接概率大于所述概率阈值。
第二方面，提供了一种第一管理装置，所述第一管理装置包括：用于执行第一方面中任一设计所述的运行状态的切换方法的各个模块。
第三方面，提供了一种第一管理装置，所述第一管理装置包括处理器和存储器，所述存储器中存储有至少一个指令，所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中的指令使得所述第一管理装置执行如第一方面中任一设计所述的运行状态的切换方法。
第四方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述存储介质中存储有至少一条指令，所述指令由处理器加载并执行如第一方面中任一设计所述的运行状态的切换方法。
第五方面，提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当计算机程序产品在第一管理装置上运行时，使得第一管理装置执行如第一方面中任一设计所述的运行状态的切换方法。
上述第二方面至第五方面中任一种设计方式所带来的技术效果可参见第一方面中相应设计方式所带来的技术效果，此处不再赘述。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种网络系统的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种运行状态切换方法的流程图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种第一管理装置的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的另一种第一管理装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的原理和技术方案更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种网络系统的结构示意图，如图1所示，该网络系统包括：包括多个管理装置(如图1中的管理装置01和管理装置02)的主备管理系统，以及该主备管理系统管理的至少一个参考装置(如图1中的参考装置03和参考装置04)。可以理解的是，该至少一个参考装置可以是主备管理系统管理的所有参考装置，也可以是主备管理系统管理的部分参考装置，且该网络系统还可以包括用于被主备管理系统管理的其他装置(与参考装置不同)，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
在本申请实施例中，管理装置可以为服务器、服务器集群、虚拟机或容器云等，参考装置可以为路由器、交换机、服务器、服务器集群、容器云、网元或物联网(Internet of things，IoT)设备等。或者，管理装置和参考装置均为电路板(也称单板)。网络系统中的各个装置可以位于一个网域或多个网域，该网域可以是网际互连协议(internet protocol，IP)网域、光 网域或接入网域等任一种网域。
主备管理系统中的管理装置均连接(如有线连接或无线连接)至参考装置，参考装置可以是管理装置南向连接的装置。各个参考装置之间可以不连接，也可以相互连接(如有线连接或无线连接)。主备管理系统中的多个管理装置中，存在运行状态为主态的管理装置(如图1中的管理装置01)，以及运行状态为备态的管理装置(如图1中的管理装置02)。并且，由该多个管理装置中运行状态为主态的管理装置对参考装置进行管理。示例地，运行状态为主态的管理装置在对参考装置进行管理时，可以向参考装置发送控制命令，以使参考装置执行该控制命令，实现对参考装置的管理。运行状态为主态的管理装置还可以采集参考装置的一些信息，并根据这些信息生成上述控制命令。
可以理解的是，图1中仅以主备管理系统中运行状态为主态的管理装置的个数为1，且运行状态为备态的管理装置的个数为1为例进行示意。可选地，主备管理系统中运行状态为备态的管理装置的个数也可以大于1。
另外，多个管理装置之间相连接(如有线连接或无线连接)。运行状态为主态的管理装置会将本地的数据同步至运行状态为备态的管理装置，以便于在运行状态为备态的管理装置在将运行状态切换为主态后，能够继续有效地对参考装置进行管理。
通常主备管理系统中的管理装置还均连接至主备管理系统外的第三方装置(图1中未示出)。管理装置可以在第三方装置的协同配合下，进行运行状态的切换。但是，由于管理装置切换运行状态需要借助第三方装置，因此，运行状态切换方案的部署灵活性较低。并且，布控该第三方装置的成本和复杂性均较高。
本申请实施例提供的网络系统并不包括该第三方装置，并且，该主备管理系统中管理装置能够在无需借助该第三方装置的情况下实现运行状态的切换，从而能够提升管理装置切换运行状态的灵活性，并且能够避免布控第三方装置所带来的成本和复杂性较高的问题。
以下将结合本申请提供的运行状态的切换方法对本申请提供的主备管理系统中管理装置的功能进行进一步的说明。
本申请实施例提供的运行状态的切换方法可以用于第一管理装置，该第一管理装置为主备管理系统中的任一管理装置，主备管理系统中的其他管理装置(如第二管理装置)进行运行状态切换的过程可以参考第一管理装置进行运行状态切换的过程。示例地，图2为本申请实施例提供的一种运行状态切换方法的流程图，如图2所示，该方法可以包括：
S201、第一管理装置周期性地确定主备管理系统管理的至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，参考装置对应的连接状态包括：参考装置与主备管理系统中至少一个管理装置的连接状态。
该至少一个管理装置包括第一管理装置，该至少一个管理装置还可以包括其他管理装置，本申请实施例中以该至少一个管理装置包括主备管理系统中的每个管理装置为例。此时，在S201中，第一管理装置需要周期性地确定主备管理系统中每个管理装置与上述至少一个参考装置的连接状态。
主备管理系统中的至少一个参考装置可以是该主备管理系统管理的全部参考装置，也可以是该主备管理系统管理的部分参考装置。
该至少一个参考装置可以是由工作人员在第一管理装置中设定的，也可以是由第一管理装置自行确定的，还可以是由其他管理装置(如第二管理装置)确定后告知第一管理装置的， 本申请实施例对此不作限定。若该至少一个参考装置是由第一管理装置确定，第一管理装置可以将其确定的至少一个参考装置告知其他管理装置(如第二管理装置)。
在S201中，第一管理装置可以不停地确定至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态。本申请实施例中以第一管理装置周期性地确定这些连接状态为例，当然，第一管理装置确定这些连接状态也可以不是周期性地，本申请实施例对此也不作限定。
S202、在至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态包括断开连接状态时，第一管理装置展示该断开连接状态的提示信息。
第一管理装置可以检测S201中确定出的连接状态是否包括断开连接状态，一旦某一管理装置与某一参考装置的连接状态为断开连接状态，第一管理装置便可以展示该管理装置与该参考装置的连接状态为断开连接状态的提示信息。这样一来，工作人员便可以根据该提示信息及时地对该管理装置和该参考装置的连接进行维修，避免该管理装置与该参考装置断开连接而影响对该参考装置的管理，以及后续运行状态的切换。
示例地，第一管理装置可以采用多种方式展示该提示信息。比如，在第一管理装置包括显示屏时，第一管理装置可以通过显示屏显示该提示信息；在第一管理装置包括扬声器时，第一管理装置可以通过扬声器播放该提示信息；在第一管理装置包括指示灯时，第一管理装置可以通过闪烁指示灯的方式展示该提示信息。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例中以第一管理装置自行展示该提示信息为例，当然，第一管理装置也可以通过其他装置(如工作人员的手机或电脑等装置)展示该提示信息。比如，第一管理装置将该提示信息发送至该其他装置，并控制该其他装置展示该提示信息。
S203、第一管理装置检测第一管理装置与第二管理装置是否断开连接。在第一管理装置与第二管理装置断开连接时，执行S204；在第一管理装置与第二管理装置未断开连接时，执行S203。
第一管理装置和第二管理装置可以分别是主备管理系统中运行状态为主态和备态的管理装置。第一管理装置和第二管理装置在运行时需要建立连接，以使得这两个管理装置中运行状态为主态的管理装置通过该连接将运行数据同步给运行状态为备态的管理装置。
在S203中，第一管理装置需要检测第一管理装置与第二管理装置是否断开连接，在确定第一管理装置与第二管理装置断开连接时，第一管理装置便可以执行S204至S208以进行运行状态的切换。可选地，第一管理装置执行S204至S208的触发条件也可以不包括第一管理装置与第二管理装置断开连接，比如，第一管理装置可以周期性地(或者非周期性地)执行S204至S208。
可选地，当第一管理装置执行S204至S208的触发条件包括第一管理装置与第二管理装置断开连接时，若第一管理装置与第二管理装置断开连接，则第一管理装置无法与第二管理装置进行协商，此时，第一管理装置采用S204至S208中的方案也能够实现运行状态的切换。若第一管理装置与第二管理装置未断开连接，则第一管理装置可以通过与第二管理装置进行协商，以进行运行状态的切换。
S204、第一管理装置确定第一管理装置的运行状态为主态或备态。
可选地，第一管理装置可以包含用于存储自身当前的运行状态的寄存器。第一管理装置在启动时可以在主态和备态中选择一种运行状态启动和运行，该寄存器中会记录第一管理装置当前的运行状态。第一管理装置可以通过读取该寄存器的状态值确定自身的运行状态为主 态还是备态。示例地，当该寄存器的状态值为1时，表明第一管理装置的运行状态为主态，当该寄存器的状态值为0时，表明第一管理装置的运行状态为备态。
S205、第一管理装置根据主态对应的切换条件和备态对应的切换条件，确定第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件。
第一管理装置能够获取到主态对应的切换条件，以及备态对应的切换条件，比如这两个切换条件均存储在第一管理装置中。第一管理装置在确定自身的运行状态后，可以根据自身的运行状态，确定该运行状态对应的切换条件。
示例地，主态对应的切换条件可以包括：第一连接概率小于或等于概率阈值；备态对应的切换条件包括：第一连接概率大于概率阈值，且第二连接概率小于或等于概率阈值。其中，第一连接概率为：第一管理装置与主备管理系统管理的至少一个参考装置的连接概率，第二连接概率为：第二管理装置与该至少一个参考装置的连接概率。该概率阈值可以是任一概率值，比如90％或50％等。
S206、第一管理装置根据最新确定的至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，确定第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件是否满足。若第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件满足，则执行S207；若第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件不满足，则执行S208。
一方面，当第一管理装置的运行状态为主态时，第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件仅包括：第一连接概率小于或等于概率阈值。因此，在S206中，第一管理装置仅需根据最新确定出的第一管理装置与至少一个参考装置的连接状态，确定第一管理装置与该至少一个参考装置的第一连接概率。之后，再根据该第一连接概率确定第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件是否满足。并且，在S206中，第一管理装置无需确定第二管理装置与该至少一个参考装置的第二连接概率。
另一方面，当第一管理装置的运行状态为备态时，第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件不仅包括：第一连接概率大于概率阈值，还包括第二连接概率小于或等于概率阈值。因此，在S206中，第一管理装置不仅需要根据最新确定出的第一管理装置与至少一个参考装置的连接状态，确定第一管理装置与该至少一个参考装置的第一连接概率；第一管理装置还需要根据最新确定出的第二管理装置与该至少一个参考装置的连接状态，确定第二管理装置与该至少一个参考装置的第二连接概率。之后，再根据该第一连接概率和第二连接概率，确定第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件是否满足。
示例地，第一管理装置在根据最新确定出的任一管理装置与至少一个参考装置的连接状态，确定该管理装置与该至少一个参考装置的连接概率时，可以将该至少一个参考装置中与该管理装置的连接状态为已连接状态的参考装置的个数占比确定为该连接概率。比如，假设该至少一个参考装置中参考装置的个数为20，若这20个参考装置中，15个参考装置与该管理装置的连接状态为已连接状态，5个参考装置与该管理装置的连接状态为断开连接状态，那么第一管理装置便可以确定该连接概率为15/20＝75％。
S207、第一管理装置对运行状态进行切换。
当第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件满足时，表明当前第一管理装置能够对运行状态进行切换。此时，若第一管理装置的运行状态为主态，那么第一管理装置便可以将运行状态由主态切换为备态；若第一管理装置的运行状态为备态，那么第一管理装置便可以将运行状态由备态切换为主态。
S208、第一管理装置保持运行状态不变。
当第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件不满足时，表明当前第一管理装置还不能对运行状态进行切换。此时，第一管理装置需要保持运行状态不变。
以下将以图1所示的通信系统为例，对本申请实施例提供的运行状态切换方法进行举例说明。
图1所示的主备管理系统中的每个管理装置均可以采用图2所示的方法进行运行状态的切换，假设管理装置01的运行状态为主态，管理装置02的运行状态为备态，上述至少一个参考装置包括图1中的参考装置03和参考装置04，管理装置01与该至少一个参考装置的连接概率为连接概率A，管理装置02与该至少一个参考装置的连接概率为连接概率B。
连接概率A和连接概率B与概率阈值的大小关系存在以下四种情况：
(1)连接概率A和连接概率B均大于概率阈值；
(2)连接概率A和连接概率B均小于或等于概率阈值；
(3)连接概率A大于概率阈值，且连接概率B小于或等于概率阈值；
(4)连接概率A小于或等于概率阈值，且连接概率B大于概率阈值。
对于管理装置01，由于管理装置01的运行状态为主态，因此，管理装置01的运行状态对应的切换条件包括：第一连接概率小于或等于概率阈值。并且，第一连接概率为上述连接概率A，第二连接概率为上述连接概率B。管理装置01的运行状态对应的切换条件在情况(2)和(4)中均满足，且在情况(1)和(3)中均不满足。因此，管理装置01在情况(2)和(4)中会将运行状态由主态切换为备态，在情况(1)和(3)中会保持运行状态为主态不变。
对于管理装置02，由于管理装置02的运行状态为备态，因此，管理装置02的运行状态对应的切换条件包括：第一连接概率大于概率阈值，且第二连接概率小于或等于概率阈值。并且，第一连接概率为上述连接概率B，第二连接概率为上述连接概率A。管理装置02的运行状态对应的切换条件在情况(4)中满足，且在情况(1)、(2)和(3)中均不满足。因此，管理装置02在情况(4)中会将运行状态由备态切换为主态，在情况(1)、(2)和(3)中会保持运行状态为备态不变。
可以看出，在情况(1)中，管理装置01保持运行状态为主态，且管理装置02保持运行状态为备态。在情况(2)中，管理装置01将运行状态切换为备态，且管理装置02保持运行状态为备态。在情况(3)中，管理装置01保持运行状态为主态，且管理装置02保持运行状态为备态。在情况(4)中，管理装置01将运行状态切换为备态，且管理装置02将运行状态切换为主态。在情况(1)、(3)和(4)中，主备管理系统包含一个运行状态为主态的管理装置，以及一个运行状态为备态的管理装置。在情况(2)中，主备管理系统不包括运行状态为主态的管理装置，且包括两个运行状态为备态的管理装置。无论在那种情况下，主备管理系统中均不会出现多个运行状态为主态的管理装置，避免了多个运行状态为主态的管理装置同时对参考装置进行管理而导致的管理混乱的问题。
另外，本申请实施例提供的运行状态切换方法与网络系统内部的装置相关，且与网络系统外的装置(比如参考装置连接的用户装置)无关，因此，能够在不依赖网络系统外的装置的情况下实现管理装置运行状态的切换。
进一步地，以下将以图1所示的主备管理系统运行的过程中的几种常见场景为例，对本申请实施例提供的运行状态切换方法进行说明。其中，依然假设管理装置01的运行状态为主 态，管理装置02的运行状态为备态，上述至少一个参考装置包括图1中的参考装置03和参考装置04。
场景1：管理装置01掉电、发生灾难或故障。此时，管理装置02会将运行状态由备态切换为主态，并对参考装置03和参考装置04进行管理。在此期间，工作人员可以对管理装置01进行修复，之后，参考装置02可以将数据同步给管理装置01。
场景2：管理装置02掉电、发生灾难或故障。此时，管理装置01不会切换运行状态。工作人员可以对管理装置02进行修复，并且管理装置02在被修复后也不会切换运行状态。
场景3：管理装置01与管理装置02断开连接。此时，管理装置01可以展示管理装置01与管理装置02断开连接的提示信息，以提示工作人员对该连接进行修复。此时，管理装置01和管理装置02可以根据本申请实施例提供的运行状态的切换方法，确定是否需要切换运行状态。
场景4：管理装置01与参考装置(如参考装置03)断开连接。此时，管理装置01可以展示管理装置01与参考装置03断开连接的提示信息，管理装置02也可以展示该提示信息，工作人员可以根据这些提示信息对管理装置01与参考装置03的连接进行修复。可选地，若管理装置01当前的运行状态对应的切换条件满足，则管理装置01会对运行状态进行切换。相应地，管理装置02也会在运行状态对应的切换条件满足时对运行状态进行切换。
场景5：管理装置02与参考装置(如参考装置03)断开连接。此时，管理装置01可以展示管理装置02与参考装置03断开连接的提示信息，管理装置02也可以展示该提示信息，工作人员可以根据这些提示信息对管理装置02与参考装置03的连接进行修复。可选地，若管理装置01当前的运行状态对应的切换条件满足，则管理装置01会对运行状态进行切换。相应地，管理装置02也会在运行状态对应的切换条件满足时对运行状态进行切换。
场景6：管理装置01与管理装置02断开连接，且管理装置01与参考装置(如参考装置03)断开连接。此时，管理装置01可以展示管理装置01与管理装置02断开连接的提示信息，以提示工作人员对管理装置01与管理装置02的连接进行修复。管理装置01可以展示管理装置01与参考装置03断开连接的提示信息，管理装置02也可以展示该提示信息，工作人员可以根据这些提示信息对管理装置01与参考装置03的连接进行修复。可选地，若管理装置01当前的运行状态对应的切换条件满足，则管理装置01会对运行状态进行切换。相应地，管理装置02也会在运行状态对应的切换条件满足时对运行状态进行切换。
场景7：管理装置01与管理装置02断开连接，且管理装置02与参考装置(如参考装置03)断开连接。此时，管理装置01可以展示管理装置01与管理装置02断开连接的提示信息，以提示工作人员对管理装置01与管理装置02的连接进行修复。管理装置01可以展示管理装置01与参考装置03断开连接的提示信息，管理装置02也可以展示该提示信息，工作人员可以根据这些提示信息对管理装置01与参考装置03的连接进行修复。可选地，若管理装置01当前的运行状态对应的切换条件满足，则管理装置01会对运行状态进行切换。相应地，管理装置02也会在运行状态对应的切换条件满足时对运行状态进行切换。
场景8：管理装置01与管理装置02断开连接，且管理装置01与参考装置(如参考装置03)断开连接，管理装置02与参考装置(如参考装置03)断开连接。此时，管理装置01可以展示管理装置01与管理装置02断开连接，以及管理装置01与参考装置03断开连接的提示信息，以提示工作人员对管理装置01与管理装置02的连接，以及管理装置01与参考装置 03的连接进行修复。管理装置02可以展示管理装置02与管理装置01断开连接，以及管理装置02与参考装置03断开连接的提示信息，以提示工作人员对管理装置02与管理装置01的连接，以及管理装置02与参考装置03的连接进行修复。可选地，若管理装置01当前的运行状态对应的切换条件满足，则管理装置01会对运行状态进行切换。相应地，管理装置02也会在运行状态对应的切换条件满足时对运行状态进行切换。
可以理解的是，当主备管理系统中的管理装置的运行状态均为备态时，可以由工作人员对主备管理系统进行修复和调整，以使主备管理系统中既存在运行状态为主态的管理装置，也存在运行状态为备态的运行状态。当然，当主备管理系统中的管理装置的运行状态均为备态时，这些管理装置也可以采用本申请实施例提供的方法进行运行状态的自动切换，以使主备管理系统中既存在运行状态为主态的管理装置，也存在运行状态为备态的运行状态，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
可选地，S201中的至少一个参考装置的个数可以大于个数阈值。该个数阈值可以是任一数值，比如10、15、20等。
该至少一个参考装置的个数越多，第一管理装置确定出的第一连接概率和第二连接概率的可靠性越高，可信度也越高。示例地，假设第一管理装置确定第一管理装置与参考装置的连接状态的准确率为Pa，第一管理装置确定第二管理装置与参考装置的连接状态的准确率为Pb，0≤Pa≤1，0≤Pb≤1。那么，第一管理装置确定第一管理装置与参考装置的连接状态以及第二管理装置与参考装置的连接状态的准确率为Pa*Pb，错误率为1-Pa*Pb。若该至少一个参考装置的个数为K，K≥1，则第一管理装置确定第一管理装置与参考装置的连接状态以及第二管理装置与参考装置的连接状态的错误率为(1-Pa*Pb)^K，准确率为1-(1-Pa*Pb)^K，(1-Pa*Pb)^K表示(1-Pa*Pb)的K次幂。可见，1-Pa*Pb为小于1的数，当K越大时，该错误率(1-Pa*Pb)^K越小，该准确率越大，第一管理装置确定出的第一连接概率和第二连接概率的可靠性越高，可信度也越高。比如，当K大于20时，该错误率趋近于0，该准确率趋近于1。
可选地，S201中的至少一个参考装置可以满足以下至少一种条件：至少一个参考装置位于多个子网；至少一个参考装置中存在距离大于距离阈值(比如10千米或100千米等)的多个参考装置；和/或至少一个参考装置用于被同一管理装置(如运行状态为主态的管理装置)中的多个进程管理。
当该至少一个参考装置位于多个子网时，能够避免该至少一个参考装置位于同一个子网，在该子网故障时，该至少一个参考装置同时无法正常工作(比如这些参考装置同时故障或者同时进行装置的维护)而影响本申请实施例提供的运行状态切换方法的正常执行。
当该至少一个参考装置中存在距离大于距离阈值的多个参考装置时，可以认为该多个参考装置分布在不同的地域，此时能够避免将该至少一个参考装置分布在同一地域，在该地域出现地质灾害时，该至少一个参考装置同时无法正常工作(比如这些参考装置同时故障或者同时进行装置的维护)而影响本申请实施例提供的运行状态切换方法的正常执行。
当至少一个参考装置用于被多个进程管理时，能够避免将该至少一个参考装置由同一进程管理，在该进程故障时，该至少一个参考装置同时无法正常工作(比如这些参考装置同时故障或者同时进行装置的维护)而影响本申请实施例提供的运行状态切换方法的正常执行。
根据以上分析可知，本申请实施例提供的运行状态切换方法中，管理装置依据至少一个 参考装置的连接状态进行运行状态的切换。并且，该至少一个参考装置同时无法正常工作的概率较小，因此，该运行状态切换方法的可靠性较高，可信度也较高。而管理装置在借助第三方装置进行运行状态的切换的方案中，第三方装置无法正常工作的概率较大，因此，管理装置借助第三方装置进行运行状态的切换的方案的可靠性较低。
在S201中，对于主备管理系统中的任一管理装置，以及该至少一个参考装置中的任一参考装置，第一管理装置可以采用多种实现方式中的至少一种实现方式，确定该管理装置与该参考装置的连接状态。以下将对该多种实现方式进行举例说明。
1、在第一种可能的实现方式中，对于主备管理系统中的任一管理装置，以及该至少一个参考装置中的任一参考装置，第一管理装置可以根据该参考装置的连接信息，确定该参考装置在当前时刻之前的目标时长(如10秒、5毫秒等)内连接的至少一个目标装置。在该至少一个目标装置包括该管理装置时，第一管理装置可以确定该管理装置与该参考装置的连接状态为已连接状态；在该至少一个目标装置不包括该管理装置时，第一管理装置可以确定该管理装置与该参考装置的连接状态为断开连接状态。此处的“连接”可以是长连接也可以是短连接，当该连接为短连接时，管理装置需要周期性地与参考装置建立连接。
参考装置会维护其连接信息，该连接信息至少包括该参考装置连接的目标装置的标识，目标装置的标识可以是IP地址或者身份证标识号(identity document，ID)等。目标装置具有外部IP地址和内部IP地址，该IP地址可以是目标装置的外部IP地址。示例地，参考装置的连接信息中该参考装置连接的目标装置的标识可以是：PEER-IP(对端网际互联协议地址)，比如，某一参考装置的连接信息包括：129.9.35.220和129.9.35.221两个PEER-IP，表明该参考装置与PEER-IP为129.9.35.220的目标装置连接，并且该参考装置与PEER-IP为129.9.35.221的另一目标装置也连接。该连接信息还可以包括其他内容，比如CON-TIMES(连接时长)等，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
第一管理装置在确定参考装置与该管理装置的连接状态时，可以向参考装置发送连接信息的获取指令，以便于参考装置根据该获取指令向第一管理装置发送该参考装置的连接信息。之后，第一管理装置便可以根据该连接信息中目标装置的标识确定上述目标装置。
2、在第二种可能的实现方式中，上述至少一个管理装置的每个管理装置用于周期性地(如周期为10秒、20秒等)对上述至少一个参考装置中每个参考装置进行目标操作。对于主备管理系统中的任一管理装置，以及该至少一个参考装置中的任一参考装置，第一管理装置可以确定该管理装置对该参考装置的最近至少一次目标操作的执行结果(共包括至少一个执行结果)。在该至少一个执行结果中执行成功的执行结果个数大于个数阈值时，第一管理装置可以确定该管理装置与该参考装置的连接状态为已连接状态；在该至少一个执行结果中执行成功的执行结果个数小于或等于个数阈值时，第一管理装置可以确定该管理装置与该参考装置的连接状态为断开连接状态。
上述目标操作可以是任一种操作，比如，写入数据、修改数据、删除数据或建立连接等操作。
(1)当目标操作为写入数据时，管理装置可以周期性地向参考装置中的某一存储空间中写入数据，不同管理装置在同一参考装置中写入数据的存储空间互不相同。可选地，每次写入的数据可以包含写入数据的时间戳。第一管理装置可以读取该参考装置中该存储空间中写 入的数据，并根据这些数据确定最近的至少一次目标操作的执行结果。
示例地，假设管理装置01在周期性地向参考装置03中的某一存储空间中写入数据的过程中，应当依次向该存储空间中写入时间戳1、时间戳2、时间戳3、时间戳4和时间戳5，但实际上管理装置01依次向该存储空间中写入了时间戳1、时间戳2、时间戳3和时间戳5。若上述至少一次目标操作包括两次目标操作，第一管理装置在确定最近两次目标操作的执行结果时，可以首先计算该最近两次目标操作应当写入的数据分别为时间戳4和时间戳5。之后，第一管理装置可以将该存储空间中最近第一次写入的时间戳“时间戳5”与最近第一次应当写入的时间戳“时间戳5”进行比较，以确定最近第一次的目标操作的执行结果为执行成功；第一管理装置还可以将该存储空间中最近第二次写入的时间戳“时间戳3”与最近第二次应当写入的时间戳“时间戳4”进行比较，以确定最近第二次的目标操作的执行结果为执行失败。
可选地，本申请中涉及到时间戳的方案中，网络系统中各个装置的时间一致，不同装置在同一时间生成的时间戳相同。
可选地，管理装置每次写入参考装置的数据也可以不包括上述时间戳，而是可以包括写入数据的次数等其他内容。可以理解的是，管理装置向参考装置中的某一存储空间中写入的数据可以是以上示例的数据，当然也可以是配置数据，参考装置用于根据该配置数据执行相应的配置操作，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
又可选地，为了避免参考装置中用于被管理装置写入数据的存储空间不足而无法有效写入数据，管理装置还可以对该存储空间中写入的历史数据进行定时删除。比如，管理装置每向该存储空间写入100次数据，便删除前50次写入该存储空间的数据。
以上示例中以第一管理装置判定存储空间中是否存在管理装置应当写入的数据，来判断写入数据的操作是否成功为例。可选地，参考装置还可以维护有操作日志，该操作日志至少用于记录其他装置(如管理装置)在参考装置中的操作，第一管理装置可以根据参考装置中的操作日志，判定管理装置对该参考装置的目标操作是否执行成功。此时，管理装置写入参考装置中的数据可以包含时间戳，也可以不包含时间戳。
(2)当目标操作为修改数据时，参考装置中的某一存储空间中可以预先存储有管理装置待修改的数据，不同管理装置在同一参考装置中待修改的数据的存储空间互不相同。该待修改的数据可以参考第一方面中管理装置写入参考装置中的数据，本申请实施例在此不做赘述。管理装置可以周期性地修改参考装置中的预先存储的待修改的数据。第一管理装置可以根据该参考装置中该存储空间中是否包含应当修改后的数据，以确定最近的至少一次目标操作的执行结果。
示例地，假设参考装置中的某一存储空间中预先存储的待修改的数据包括：数据1、数据2、数据3、数据4和数据5，其中，数据1应当被修改为时间戳1，数据2应当被修改为时间戳2，数据3应当被修改为时间戳3，数据4应当被修改为时间戳4，数据5应当被修改为时间戳5。实际上，管理装置01在周期性地修改参考装置03中的某一存储空间中的数据的过程中，依次将数据1修改为时间戳1，将数据2修改为时间戳2，将数据3修改为时间戳3，以及将数据5修改为时间戳5。若上述至少一次目标操作包括两次目标操作，第一管理装置在确定最近两次目标操作的执行结果时，可以首先计算该最近两次目标操作中应当将数据4修改为时间戳4，将数据5修改为时间戳5。之后，第一管理装置可以将该存储空间中最近 第一次修改后的时间戳“时间戳5”与最近第一次应当修改得到的时间戳“时间戳5”进行比较，以确定最近第一次的目标操作的执行结果为执行成功；第一管理装置还可以将该存储空间中最近第二次修改后的时间戳“时间戳3”与最近第二次应当修改得到的时间戳“时间戳4”进行比较，以确定最近第二次的目标操作的执行结果为执行失败。
又可选地，为了避免参考装置中预先存储的待修改的数据被修改完，管理装置还可以定时更新该存储空间中待修改的数据。比如，管理装置每向该存储空间修改100次数据，便更新前50次修改过的数据。
以上示例中以第一管理装置判定存储空间中是否存在管理装置应当修改得到的数据，来判断修改数据的操作是否成功为例。可选地，参考装置还可以维护有操作日志，该操作日志至少用于记录其他装置(如管理装置)在参考装置中的操作，第一管理装置可以根据参考装置中的操作日志，判定管理装置对该参考装置的目标操作是否执行成功。
(3)当目标操作为删除数据时，参考装置中的某一存储空间中可以预先存储有管理装置待删除的数据，不同管理装置在同一参考装置中待删除的数据的存储空间互不相同。该待删除的数据可以参考第一方面中管理装置写入参考装置中的数据，本申请实施例在此不做赘述。管理装置可以周期性地删除参考装置中的预先存储的待删除的数据。第一管理装置可以根据该参考装置中该存储空间中的数据是否被删除，以确定最近的至少一次目标操作的执行结果。
示例地，假设参考装置中的某一存储空间中预先存储的待删除的数据包括：时间戳1、时间戳2、时间戳3、时间戳4和时间戳5，管理装置01在周期性地删除参考装置03中的某一存储空间中的数据的过程中，应当依次删除时间戳1、时间戳2、时间戳3、时间戳4和时间戳5，实际上管理装置01依次删除了该存储空间中的时间戳1、时间戳2、时间戳3和时间戳5。若上述至少一次目标操作包括两次目标操作，第一管理装置在确定最近两次目标操作的执行结果时，可以首先计算该最近两次目标操作应当删除的数据分别为时间戳4和时间戳5。之后，第一管理装置可以将该存储空间中最近第一次删除的时间戳“时间戳5”与最近第一次应当删除的时间戳“时间戳5”进行比较，以确定最近第一次的目标操作的执行结果为执行成功；第一管理装置还可以将该存储空间中最近第二次删除的时间戳“时间戳3”与最近第二次应当删除的时间戳“时间戳4”进行比较，以确定最近第二次的目标操作的执行结果为执行失败。
又可选地，为了避免参考装置中预先存储的待删除的数据被删除完而无法有效删除数据，管理装置还可以定时向该存储空间中存储待删除的数据。比如，管理装置每向该存储空间删除50次数据，便向该存储空间存储一些新增的待删除的数据。
以上示例中以第一管理装置判定存储空间中是否存在管理装置应当删除的数据，来判断删除数据的操作是否成功为例。可选地，参考装置还可以维护有操作日志，该操作日志至少用于记录其他装置(如管理装置)在参考装置中的操作，第一管理装置可以根据参考装置中的操作日志，判定管理装置对该参考装置的目标操作是否执行成功。
(4)当目标操作为建立连接时，管理装置可以周期性地与参考装置建立连接。管理装置与参考装置建立连接也可以称为管理装置登陆参考装置。本申请实施例中，管理装置与参考装置建立的连接可以是长连接也可以是短连接，本申请实施例对此不作限定。参考装置还可以维护有操作日志，该操作日志至少用于记录其他装置(如管理装置)在参考装置中的操作，第一管理装置可以根据参考装置中的操作日志，判定管理装置与该参考装置建立连接是否执 行成功，进而确定最近的至少一次目标操作的执行结果。
可以理解的是，在S201中，第一管理装置还可以采用其他方式确定管理装置与参考装置的连接状态，本申请对此不作限定。
上述实施例的S206中，第一管理装置可以根据至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，确定第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件是否满足，在S207中若第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件满足，则第一管理装置可以在其主态和其备态的运行状态之间切换。其中，第一管理装置的运行状态包括主态或备态，主态对应的切换条件与备态对应的切换条件不同。上述实施例中以主态对应的切换条件包括：第一连接概率小于或等于概率阈值，备态对应的切换条件包括：第一连接概率大于概率阈值，且第二连接概率小于或等于概率阈值为例。
可选地，这些切换条件也并不限于此，以下将以这些切换条件的其他几种情况为例进行讲解。
情况(1)，主态对应的切换条件包括：第一管理装置与第二管理装置断开连接，且第一连接概率小于或等于概率阈值。备态对应的切换条件包括：第一管理装置与第二管理装置断开连接，且第一连接概率大于概率阈值，在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内上述至少一个参考装置中并未设置处于主态的管理装置的标识。其中，主备管理系统中处于主态的管理装置用于周期性地在上述至少一个参考装置中设置处于主态的管理装置的标识。上述时长阈值大于或等于处于主态的管理装置在至少一个参考装置中设置上述处理主态的管理装置的标识的周期。
在第一管理装置的运行状态为主态时，若第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置并未断开连接，则第一管理装置可以仍然保持主态的运行状态。并且，在第一管理装置以主态的运行状态运行时，第一管理装置需要周期性地在上述至少一个参考装置(如至少一个参考装置中的至少部分参考装置)中，将第一管理装置的标识设置为处于主态的管理装置的标识。
在第一管理装置的运行状态为主态时，若第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，则第一管理装置可以判断第一连接概率是否小于或等于概率阈值。如果第一连接概率小于或等于概率阈值，则第一管理装置可以确定第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件满足，此时，第一管理装置可以由主态的运行状态切换为备态的运行状态，并且第一管理装置在切换为备态的运行状态后，不会继续在上述至少一个参考装置中设置第一管理装置的标识。如果第一连接概率大于概率阈值，则第一管理装置可以确定第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件并不满足，此时，第一管理装置可以仍然保持主态的运行状态，并且继续周期性地在上述至少一个参考装置中，将第一管理装置的标识设置为处于主态的管理装置的标识。
在第一管理装置的运行状态为备态时，若第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置并未断开连接，则第一管理装置可以仍然保持备态的运行状态。并且，在第一管理装置以备态的运行状态运行时，第一管理装置无需周期性地在上述至少一个参考装置中设置为处于主态的管理装置的标识。
在第一管理装置的运行状态为备态时，若第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，则第一管理装置可以判断第一连接概率是否小于或等于概率阈值，以及在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内上述至少一个参考装置中是否设置了处于主态的管理装置的标识。如果第一连接概率大于概率阈值，且在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内上述至少一个参考装置中并未设置处于主 态的管理装置的标识，则第一管理装置可以确定第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件满足，此时，第一管理装置可以由备态的运行状态切换为主态的运行状态，并且第一管理装置在切换为主态的运行状态后，需要周期性地在上述至少一个参考装置中设置第一管理装置的标识。如果第一连接概率小于或等于概率阈值，以及在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内上述至少一个参考装置中设置了处于主态的管理装置的标识，这两个条件中至少一个条件满足，则第一管理装置可以确定第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件并不满足，此时，第一管理装置可以仍然保持备态的运行状态，并且第一管理装置无需周期性地在上述至少一个参考装置中设置为处于主态的管理装置的标识。
可选地，第一管理装置可以采用多种方式周期性地在上述至少一个参考装置中设置第一管理装置的标识。比如，第一管理装置每次均在该至少一个参考装置中写入：第一管理装置的标识和当前的时间戳，以在该至少一个参考装置中设置第一管理装置的标识。又比如，第一管理装置在该至少一个参考装置中第一次设置第一管理装置的标识时，可以在该至少一个参考装置中写入第一管理装置的标识和当前写入该信息的时间戳；之后，第一管理装置在该至少一个参考装置中每次设置第一管理装置的标识时，可以将之前写入的时间戳更新为当前的时间戳。
情况(2)，备态对应的切换条件可以参考情况(1)中备态对应的切换条件，本申请实施例在此不做赘述。主态对应的切换条件包括：第一管理装置与第二管理装置断开连接，且第一连接概率小于或等于概率阈值；或者，第一管理装置与第二管理装置断开连接，且第一连接概率大于概率阈值，在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内至少一个参考装置中设置有处于主态的管理装置的标识，且该处于主态的管理装置的标识与第一管理装置的标识不同。
在第一管理装置的运行状态为主态时，若第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置并未断开连接，则第一管理装置可以保持主态的运行状态。并且，在第一管理装置以主态的运行状态运行时，第一管理装置需要周期性地在上述至少一个参考装置中，将第一管理装置的标识设置为处于主态的管理装置的标识。
在第一管理装置的运行状态为主态时，若第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，则第一管理装置可以判断第一连接概率是否小于或等于概率阈值，在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内至少一个参考装置中是否设置了处于主态的管理装置的标识，以及在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内至少一个参考装置中设置了该标识时，该标识与第一管理装置的标识是否相同。如果第一连接概率大于概率阈值，且在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内至少一个参考装置中并未设置处于主态的管理装置的标识，则第一管理装置可以确定第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件并不满足；如果第一连接概率大于概率阈值，且在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内至少一个参考装置中设置了处于主态的管理装置的标识，且该标识与第一管理装置的标识相同，则第一管理装置可以确定第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件并不满足。在确定第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件并不满足时，第一管理装置可以仍然保持主态的运行状态，并且继续周期性地在上述至少一个参考装置中，将第一管理装置的标识设置为处于主态的管理装置的标识。
如果第一连接概率小于或等于概率阈值，则第一管理装置可以确定第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件满足；如果第一连接概率大于概率阈值，且在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内至少一个参考装置中设置有处于主态的管理装置的标识，且该标识与第一管理装置的标识 并不相同，则第一管理装置也可以确定第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件满足。在确定第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件满足时，第一管理装置可以由主态的运行状态切换为备态的运行状态，并且第一管理装置不会继续在上述至少一个参考装置中设置第一管理装置的标识。
可选地，第一管理装置在根据上述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在第一管理装置的主态和第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换的过程中，也可以不用确定上述切换条件是否满足。示例地，上述至少一个管理装置和至少一个参考装置均具有优先级，且不同装置的优先级不同，管理装置的优先级高于参考装置的优先级。并且，处于主态的管理装置用于周期性地在上述至少一个管理装置和至少一个参考装置中设置处于主态的管理装置的标识。上述至少一个管理装置和至少一个参考装置相互连接，且至少一个管理装置和至少一个参考装置中的每个装置均能够确定这些装置的优先级。
对于至少一个管理装置和至少一个参考装置中的每个装置，若在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内该装置中并未设置处于主态的管理装置的标识，且该装置与这些装置中大于半数的其他装置连接，则该装置可以在上述至少一个管理装置和至少一个参考装置中，将该装置连接的优先级最高的装置的标识设置为处于主态的管理装置的标识。之后，该优先级最高的装置便可以将运行状态切换为主态，并周期性地在上述至少一个管理装置和至少一个参考装置中设置处于主态的管理装置的标识。
第一管理装置根据至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在第一管理装置的主态和第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换的方式多种多样，本申请实施例中以以上几种方式为例，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
以上讲述了主备管理系统中管理装置在运行过程中借助参考装置进行运行状态的切换。可选地，管理装置在启动时，也可以借助至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，确定管理装置以主态还是备态的运行状态启动。
以上述第一管理装置为例，第一管理装置在启动时，需要先判断第一管理装置与第二管理装置的连接是否中断，若第一管理装置与第二管理装置断开连接，则第一管理装置需要判断主态启动条件和备态启动条件是否满足。在主态启动条件满足时，第一管理装置可以以主态的运行状态启动；在备态启动条件满足时，第一管理装置可以以备态的运行状态启动。其中，主态启动条件包括：第一连接概率大于概率阈值，且第二连接概率小于或等于概率阈值；备态启动条件包括：第一连接概率和第二连接概率均大于概率阈值；或者，第一连接概率和第二连接概率均小于或等于概率阈值；或者，第一连接概率小于或等于概率阈值，且第二连接概率大于概率阈值。
还可以理解的是，管理装置通常包括管理面的模块，以及业务面的模块。其中，管理面的模块用于管理业务面的模块，业务面的模块可以以主态或备态的运行状态运行，且业务面的模块用于执行管理装置需要执行的业务(比如在以主态的运行状态运行时，对参考装置进行管理等)。管理装置在启动时，通常会先启动管理面的模块，之后再启动业务面的模块。上述判断第一管理装置与第二管理装置的连接是否中断，以及判断主态启动条件和备态启动条件是否满足的过程，均可以由该管理面的模块执行。在主态启动条件满足时，该管理面的模块可以控制业务面的模块以主态的运行状态启动；在备态启动条件满足时，该管理面的模 块可以控制业务面的模块以备态的运行状态启动。
可选地，在备态启动条件满足时，第一管理装置会以备态的运行状态启动。若备态启动条件中满足的条件是第一连接概率和第二连接概率均大于概率阈值，则在第一管理装置以备态的运行状态启动后，第一管理装置还可以适当调整运行状态。示例地，第一管理装置可以对其运行状态进行记录，第一管理装置在以备态的运行状态启动后，还可以判断其在本次启动前的运行状态是否与当前备态的运行状态相同。若第一管理装置在本次启动前的运行状态与当前备态的运行状态不同(比如第一管理装置在本次启动前的运行状态为主态)，则第一管理装置可以将其运行状态由备态切换为主态。若第一管理装置在本次启动前的运行状态与当前备态的运行状态相同(比如第一管理装置在本次启动前的运行状态为备态)，则第一管理装置可以保持其运行状态为备态。
以上描述了第一管理装置在启动时，第一管理装置与第二管理装置断开连接的情况。当第一管理装置在启动时，若第一管理装置与第二管理装置的并未断开连接，则第一管理装置可以通过该连接确定第二管理装置的运行状态，并根据第二管理装置的运行状态确定第一管理装置启动时的运行状态。比如，若第二管理装置的运行状态为备态(或者运行状态由主态切换至备态)，则第一管理装置以主态的运行状态启动；或者，第一管理装置可以按照在本次启动前的运行状态进行启动(比如若第一管理装置在本次启动前的运行状态为备态，则第一管理装置以备态的运行状态启动)；若第二管理装置的运行状态为主态(或者运行状态由备态切换至主态)，或第一管理装置未查询到第二管理装置的运行状态，则第一管理装置以备态的运行状态启动。
可选地，当S206中第一管理装置根据至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，确定第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件是否满足，且该切换条件为上述情况(1)或情况(2)时，第一管理装置也可以采用其他方式确定管理装置以主态还是备态的运行状态启动。示例地，主备管理系统中的各个管理装置均具有不同的优先级，第一管理装置可以检测第一管理装置是否与该至少一个参考装置连接，在当前时刻之前的时间阈值内该至少一个参考装置中是否设置了主态装置的标识，以及第一管理装置是否为主备管理系统中优先级最高的管理装置。若第一管理装置与该至少一个参考装置连接，且在当前时刻之前的时间阈值内该至少一个参考装置中并未设置主态装置的标识，且第一管理装置为主备管理系统中优先级最高的管理装置，则该第一管理装置可以以主态的运行状态启动。若第一管理装置与该至少一个参考装置连接，在当前时刻之前的时间阈值内该至少一个参考装置中并未设置主态装置的标识，以及第一管理装置为主备管理系统中优先级最高的管理装置，这三个条件中至少一个条件不满足，则第一管理装置会以备态的运行状态启动。
综上所述，在本申请实施例提供的运行状态切换方法中，主备管理系统中的每个管理装置都能够按照本申请提供的方法进行运行状态的切换。并且，管理装置的运行状态切换的依据与主备管理系统管理的至少一个参考装置相关，因此，无需借助网络系统外的第三方装置便可以实现管理装置运行状态的切换。所以，提升了管理装置运行状态切换的灵活性。
另外，由于无需借助该第三方装置，因此，无需布局该第三方装置，避免了布局第三方装置所带来的成本增加的问题，以及布局第三方装置的复杂性问题。
本申请实施例提供的方法实施例操作的先后顺序能够进行适当调整，操作也能够根据情况进行相应增减。比如，图2所示的实施例可以不包括S201和S202，并且，在S206中第一 管理装置才根据需要判定的切换条件，确定相应地管理装置与上述至少一个参考装置的连接状态。又比如，图2所示的实施例可以不包括S203，也即第一管理装置执行S204的前提条件并不包括第一管理装置与第二管理装置断开连接。任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化的方法，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内，因此不再赘述。
以上介绍了本申请实施例提供的运行状态的切换方法，以下介绍本申请实施例提供的第一管理装置。
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种第一管理装置的结构示意图，该第一管理装置可以应用于本申请提供的网络系统中，且可以用于实现上述实施例提供的运行状态的切换方法。如图3所示，该第一管理装置可以包括：
确定模块301，用于确定所述主备管理系统管理的至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态；其中，所述参考装置对应的连接状态包括：所述参考装置与所述主备管理系统中至少一个管理装置的连接状态，所述至少一个管理装置包括所述第一管理装置；
切换模块302，用于根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在第一管理装置的主态和第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换。
其中，确定模块301可以用于执行如图2所示的运行状态的切换方法中的S201中的操作；切换模块302可以用于执行如图2所示的运行状态的切换方法中的S203至S208中的操作。
可选地，所述至少一个参考装置满足以下至少一种条件：所述至少一个参考装置包括多个子网的装置；所述至少一个参考装置包括距离大于距离阈值的多个装置；和/或所述至少一个参考装置用于被所述主备管理系统中同一管理装置的多个进程管理。
一方面，所述确定模块301可以用于：根据所述至少一个参考装置中任一参考装置的连接信息，确定所述任一参考装置在当前时刻之前的目标时长内连接的至少一个目标装置；在所述至少一个目标装置包括所述至少一个管理装置中的任一管理装置时，确定所述任一管理装置与所述任一参考装置的连接状态为已连接状态；在所述至少一个目标装置不包括所述任一管理装置时，确定所述任一管理装置与所述任一参考装置的连接状态为断开连接状态。
另一方面，所述至少一个管理装置中的每个管理装置用于周期性地对所述至少一个参考装置中的每个参考装置进行目标操作，所述确定模块301可以用于：对于所述至少一个管理装置中的任一管理装置，以及所述至少一个参考装置中的任一参考装置，确定所述任一管理装置对所述任一参考装置的最近至少一次所述目标操作的至少一个执行结果；在所述至少一个执行结果中执行成功的执行结果个数大于个数阈值时，确定所述任一管理装置与所述任一参考装置的连接状态为已连接状态；在所述至少一个执行结果中执行成功的执行结果个数小于或等于所述个数阈值时，确定所述任一管理装置与所述任一参考装置的连接状态为断开连接状态。
可选地，所述目标操作包括：写入数据、删除数据、修改数据和建立连接中的至少一种操作。
可选地，所述切换模块302用于：根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，确定所述第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件是否满足；其中，所述第一管理装置的运行状态包括主态或备态，所述主态对应的切换条件与所述备态对应的切换条件不同；在所述第一管 理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件满足时，在第一管理装置的主态和第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换。
一方面，所述至少一个管理装置还包括：第二管理装置；所述主态对应的切换条件包括：第一连接概率小于或等于概率阈值；所述备态对应的切换条件包括：所述第一连接概率大于概率阈值，且第二连接概率小于或等于所述概率阈值；其中，所述第一连接概率为：所述第一管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率，所述第二连接概率为：所述第二管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率。
另一方面，所述主备管理系统中处于主态的管理装置用于：周期性地在所述至少一个参考装置中设置所述处于主态的管理装置的标识，所述至少一个管理装置还包括：第二管理装置；所述主态对应的切换条件包括：所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，且第一连接概率小于或等于概率阈值；或者，所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，且所述第一连接概率大于概率阈值，在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内所述至少一个参考装置中设置有所述处于主态的管理装置的标识，且所述处于主态的管理装置的标识与所述第一管理装置的标识不同；所述备态对应的切换条件包括：所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，所述第一连接概率大于所述概率阈值，且在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内所述至少一个参考装置中并未设置所述处于主态的管理装置的标识；其中，所述第一连接概率为：所述第一管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率，所述时长阈值大于或等于所述处于主态的管理装置在所述至少一个参考装置中设置所述标识的周期。
可选地，所述多个管理装置还包括：第二管理装置，所述切换模块302用于：在所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接时，根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在第一管理装置的主态和第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换。
可选地，所述确定模块301用于：周期性地确定所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态；所述切换模块302用于：根据最新确定的所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在第一管理装置的主态和第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换。
可选地，所述第一管理装置还包括：提示模块(图3中未示出)，用于在所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态包括断开连接状态时，展示所述断开连接状态的提示信息。提示模块可以用于执行如图2所示的运行状态的切换方法中的S202中的操作。
可选地，所述第一管理装置还包括：启动模块(图3中未示出)，用于根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，以主态或备态的运行状态启动。
可选地，所述至少一个管理装置还包括：第二管理装置，所述启动模块用于：在所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，且主态启动条件满足时，以主态的运行状态启动；在所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，且备态启动条件满足时，以备态的运行状态启动；其中，所述主态启动条件包括：第一连接概率大于概率阈值，第二连接概率小于或等于所述概率阈值，所述第一连接概率为：所述第一管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率，所述第二连接概率为：所述第二管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率；所述备态启动条件包括：所述第一连接概率和所述第二连接概率均大于所述概率阈值；或者，所述第一连接概率和所述第二连接概率均小于或等于所述概率阈值；或者，所述第一连接概率小于或等于所述概率阈值，且所述第二连接概率大于所述概率阈值。
可以理解的是，管理装置通常包括管理面的模块，以及业务面的模块。其中，管理面的 模块用于管理业务面的模块，业务面的模块可以以主态或备态的运行状态运行，且业务面的模块用于执行管理装置需要执行的业务。管理面的模块用于确定业务面的模块以主态还是备态的运行状态启动，以及是否切换运行状态。本申请实施例提供的第一管理装置中的各个模块可以是管理装置中管理面的模块。
以上介绍了本申请实施例的第一管理装置，以下介绍该第一管理装置可能的产品形态。应理解，但凡具备上述图3中的第一管理装置的特征的任何形态的产品，都落入本申请的保护范围。还应理解，以下介绍仅为举例，不限制本申请实施例的第一管理装置的产品形态。
作为一种可能的产品形态，本申请实施例提供的第一管理装置，可以由一般性的总线体系结构来实现。
如图4所示，本申请实施例提供了一种第一管理装置，该第一管理装置1000包括处理器1001和存储器1002，该存储器1002中存储有至少一个指令，该处理器1001用于加载该指令，执行如上所述的运行状态的切换方法。
可选地，该第一管理装置还可以包括收发器1003和总线1004。该处理器1001、存储器1002和收发器1003可以通过总线1004连接。
处理器1001可以是一个通用中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)、特定应用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)或一个或多个用于控制本申请方案程序执行的集成电路。
存储器1002可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其它类型的静态存储设备，随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其它类型的动态存储设备，也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only Memory，CD-ROM)或其它光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其它磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其它介质，但不限于此。
本申请实施例提供了另一种计算机可读存储介质，所述存储介质中存储有至少一条指令，所述指令由处理器加载并执行本申请实施例提供的任一运行状态的切换方法。
本申请实施例提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当计算机程序产品在第一管理装置上运行时，使得第一管理装置执行本申请实施例提供的任一运行状态的切换方法。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现，所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程设备。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机的可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线)或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质(例如，软盘、硬盘、 磁带)、光介质，或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘)等。
在本申请中，术语“第一”和“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。术语“至少一个”指一个或多个，“多个”指两个或两个以上，除非另有明确的限定。在本文中提及的“和/或”，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请实施例提供的方法实施例和装置实施例等不同类型的实施例均可以相互参考，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
在本申请提供的相应实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统和装置等可以通过其它的构成方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，模块的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个模块可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性或其它的形式。
作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为模块描述的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理模块，既可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个装置上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。
以上所述，仅为本申请的可选实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换，这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (30)

  1. 一种运行状态的切换方法，其特征在于，用于第一管理装置，所述方法包括：
    确定主备管理系统管理的至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，其中，所述参考装置对应的连接状态包括：所述参考装置与所述主备管理系统中至少一个管理装置的连接状态，所述至少一个管理装置包括所述第一管理装置；
    根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在所述第一管理装置的主态和所述第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个参考装置满足以下至少一种条件：
    所述至少一个参考装置包括多个子网的装置；
    所述至少一个参考装置包括距离大于距离阈值的多个装置；和/或
    所述至少一个参考装置用于被所述主备管理系统中同一管理装置的多个进程管理。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述确定所述主备管理系统管理的至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，包括：
    根据所述至少一个参考装置中任一参考装置的连接信息，确定所述任一参考装置在当前时刻之前的目标时长内连接的至少一个目标装置；
    在所述至少一个目标装置包括所述至少一个管理装置中的任一管理装置时，确定所述任一管理装置与所述任一参考装置的连接状态为已连接状态；
    在所述至少一个目标装置不包括所述任一管理装置时，确定所述任一管理装置与所述任一参考装置的连接状态为断开连接状态。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个管理装置中的每个管理装置用于周期性地对所述至少一个参考装置中的每个参考装置进行目标操作，所述确定所述主备管理系统管理的至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，包括：
    对于所述至少一个管理装置中的任一管理装置，以及所述至少一个参考装置中的任一参考装置，确定所述任一管理装置对所述任一参考装置的最近至少一次所述目标操作的至少一个执行结果；
    在所述至少一个执行结果中执行成功的执行结果个数大于个数阈值时，确定所述任一管理装置与所述任一参考装置的连接状态为已连接状态；
    在所述至少一个执行结果中执行成功的执行结果个数小于或等于所述个数阈值时，确定所述任一管理装置与所述任一参考装置的连接状态为断开连接状态。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述目标操作包括：写入数据、删除数据、修改数据和建立连接中的至少一种操作。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在所述第一管理装置的主态和所述第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换，包括：
    根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，确定所述第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件是否满足；其中，所述第一管理装置的运行状态包括主态或备态，所述主态对应的切换条件与所述备态对应的切换条件不同；
    在所述第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件满足时，在所述第一管理装置的主态和所述第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个管理装置还包括：第二管理装置；
    所述主态对应的切换条件包括：第一连接概率小于或等于概率阈值；
    所述备态对应的切换条件包括：所述第一连接概率大于概率阈值，且第二连接概率小于或等于所述概率阈值；
    其中，所述第一连接概率为：所述第一管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率，所述第二连接概率为：所述第二管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述主备管理系统中处于主态的管理装置用于：周期性地在所述至少一个参考装置中设置所述处于主态的管理装置的标识，所述至少一个管理装置还包括：第二管理装置；
    所述主态对应的切换条件包括：所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，且第一连接概率小于或等于概率阈值；或者，所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，且所述第一连接概率大于概率阈值，在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内所述至少一个参考装置中设置有所述处于主态的管理装置的标识，且所述处于主态的管理装置的标识与所述第一管理装置的标识不同；
    所述备态对应的切换条件包括：所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，所述第一连接概率大于所述概率阈值，且在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内所述至少一个参考装置中并未设置所述处于主态的管理装置的标识；
    其中，所述第一连接概率为：所述第一管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率，所述时长阈值大于或等于所述处于主态的管理装置在所述至少一个参考装置中设置所述标识的周期。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多个管理装置还包括：第二管理装置，所述根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在所述第一管理装置的主态和所述第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换，包括：
    在所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接时，根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在所述第一管理装置的主态和所述第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述确定所述主备管理系统管理 的至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，包括：
    周期性地确定所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态；
    所述根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在所述第一管理装置的主态和所述第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换，包括：
    根据最新确定的所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在所述第一管理装置的主态和所述第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    在所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态包括断开连接状态时，展示所述断开连接状态的提示信息。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11任一所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在所述第一管理装置的主态和所述第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换之前，所述方法还包括：
    根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，以所述第一管理装置的主态或所述第一管理装置的备态的运行状态启动。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个管理装置还包括：第二管理装置，所述根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，以主态或备态的运行状态启动，包括：
    在所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，且主态启动条件满足时，以主态的运行状态启动；
    在所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，且备态启动条件满足时，以备态的运行状态启动；
    其中，所述主态启动条件包括：第一连接概率大于概率阈值，第二连接概率小于或等于所述概率阈值，所述第一连接概率为：所述第一管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率，所述第二连接概率为：所述第二管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率；
    所述备态启动条件包括：所述第一连接概率和所述第二连接概率均大于所述概率阈值；或者，所述第一连接概率和所述第二连接概率均小于或等于所述概率阈值；或者，所述第一连接概率小于或等于所述概率阈值，且所述第二连接概率大于所述概率阈值。
  14. 一种第一管理装置，其特征在于，包括：
    确定模块，用于确定主备管理系统管理的至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，其中，所述参考装置对应的连接状态包括：所述参考装置与所述主备管理系统中至少一个管理装置的连接状态，所述至少一个管理装置包括所述第一管理装置；
    切换模块，用于根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在所述第一管理装置的主态和所述第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的第一管理装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个参考装置满足以 下至少一种条件：
    所述至少一个参考装置包括多个子网的装置；
    所述至少一个参考装置包括距离大于距离阈值的多个装置；和/或
    所述至少一个参考装置用于被所述主备管理系统中同一管理装置的多个进程管理。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的第一管理装置，其特征在于，所述确定模块用于：
    根据所述至少一个参考装置中任一参考装置的连接信息，确定所述任一参考装置在当前时刻之前的目标时长内连接的至少一个目标装置；
    在所述至少一个目标装置包括所述至少一个管理装置中的任一管理装置时，确定所述任一管理装置与所述任一参考装置的连接状态为已连接状态；
    在所述至少一个目标装置不包括所述任一管理装置时，确定所述任一管理装置与所述任一参考装置的连接状态为断开连接状态。
  17. 根据权利要求14或15所述的第一管理装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个管理装置中的每个管理装置用于周期性地对所述至少一个参考装置中的每个参考装置进行目标操作，所述确定模块用于：
    对于所述至少一个管理装置中的任一管理装置，以及所述至少一个参考装置中的任一参考装置，确定所述任一管理装置对所述任一参考装置的最近至少一次所述目标操作的至少一个执行结果；
    在所述至少一个执行结果中执行成功的执行结果个数大于个数阈值时，确定所述任一管理装置与所述任一参考装置的连接状态为已连接状态；
    在所述至少一个执行结果中执行成功的执行结果个数小于或等于所述个数阈值时，确定所述任一管理装置与所述任一参考装置的连接状态为断开连接状态。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的第一管理装置，其特征在于，所述目标操作包括：写入数据、删除数据、修改数据和建立连接中的至少一种操作。
  19. 根据权利要求14至18任一所述的第一管理装置，其特征在于，所述切换模块用于：
    根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，确定所述第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件是否满足；其中，所述第一管理装置的运行状态包括主态或备态，所述主态对应的切换条件与所述备态对应的切换条件不同；
    在所述第一管理装置的运行状态对应的切换条件满足时，在所述第一管理装置的主态和所述第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的第一管理装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个管理装置还包括：第二管理装置；
    所述主态对应的切换条件包括：第一连接概率小于或等于概率阈值；
    所述备态对应的切换条件包括：所述第一连接概率大于概率阈值，且第二连接概率小于或等于所述概率阈值；
    其中，所述第一连接概率为：所述第一管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率，所述第二连接概率为：所述第二管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率。
  21. 根据权利要求19所述的第一管理装置，其特征在于，所述主备管理系统中处于主态的管理装置用于：周期性地在所述至少一个参考装置中设置所述处于主态的管理装置的标识，所述至少一个管理装置还包括：第二管理装置；
    所述主态对应的切换条件包括：所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，且第一连接概率小于或等于概率阈值；或者，所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，且所述第一连接概率大于概率阈值，在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内所述至少一个参考装置中设置有所述处于主态的管理装置的标识，且所述处于主态的管理装置的标识与所述第一管理装置的标识不同；
    所述备态对应的切换条件包括：所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，所述第一连接概率大于所述概率阈值，且在当前时刻之前的时长阈值内所述至少一个参考装置中并未设置所述处于主态的管理装置的标识；
    其中，所述第一连接概率为：所述第一管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率，所述时长阈值大于或等于所述处于主态的管理装置在所述至少一个参考装置中设置所述标识的周期。
  22. 根据权利要求14至21任一所述的第一管理装置，其特征在于，所述多个管理装置还包括：第二管理装置，所述切换模块用于：
    在所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接时，根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在所述第一管理装置的主态和所述第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换。
  23. 根据权利要求14至22任一所述的第一管理装置，其特征在于，所述确定模块用于：周期性地确定所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态；
    所述切换模块用于：根据最新确定的所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，在所述第一管理装置的主态和所述第一管理装置的备态的运行状态之间切换。
  24. 根据权利要求14至23任一所述的第一管理装置，其特征在于，所述第一管理装置还包括：
    提示模块，用于在所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态包括断开连接状态时，展示所述断开连接状态的提示信息。
  25. 根据权利要求14至24任一所述的第一管理装置，其特征在于，所述第一管理装置还包括：
    启动模块，用于根据所述至少一个参考装置对应的连接状态，以主态或备态的运行状态启动。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的第一管理装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个管理装置还包括： 第二管理装置，所述启动模块用于：
    在所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，且主态启动条件满足时，以主态的运行状态启动；
    在所述第一管理装置与所述第二管理装置断开连接，且备态启动条件满足时，以备态的运行状态启动；
    其中，所述主态启动条件包括：第一连接概率大于概率阈值，第二连接概率小于或等于所述概率阈值，所述第一连接概率为：所述第一管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率，所述第二连接概率为：所述第二管理装置与所述至少一个参考装置的连接概率；
    所述备态启动条件包括：所述第一连接概率和所述第二连接概率均大于所述概率阈值；或者，所述第一连接概率和所述第二连接概率均小于或等于所述概率阈值；或者，所述第一连接概率小于或等于所述概率阈值，且所述第二连接概率大于所述概率阈值。
  27. 一种第一管理装置，其特征在于，所述第一管理装置包括处理器和存储器，所述存储器中存储有至少一个指令，所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中的指令使得所述第一管理装置执行如权利要求1至13任一项所述的运行状态的切换方法。
  28. 一种主备管理系统，其特征在于，所述主备管理系统包括：权利要求14至27任一所述的第一管理装置。
  29. 一种网络系统，其特征在于，所述网络系统包括：权利要求28所述的主备管理系统，以及所述主备管理系统管理的至少一个参考装置。
  30. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述存储介质中存储有至少一条指令，所述指令由处理器加载并执行如权利要求1至13任一所述的运行状态的切换方法。
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