WO2021258607A1 - 球顶、扬声器单体和发声装置 - Google Patents

球顶、扬声器单体和发声装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021258607A1
WO2021258607A1 PCT/CN2020/127319 CN2020127319W WO2021258607A1 WO 2021258607 A1 WO2021258607 A1 WO 2021258607A1 CN 2020127319 W CN2020127319 W CN 2020127319W WO 2021258607 A1 WO2021258607 A1 WO 2021258607A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
dome
sapphire
sapphire layer
diaphragm
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PCT/CN2020/127319
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴德跃
邵明辉
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歌尔股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021258607A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021258607A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/122—Non-planar diaphragms or cones comprising a plurality of sections or layers
    • H04R7/125—Non-planar diaphragms or cones comprising a plurality of sections or layers comprising a plurality of superposed layers in contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/127—Non-planar diaphragms or cones dome-shaped
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H04R9/045—Mounting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2307/025—Diaphragms comprising polymeric materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of acoustics, in particular to a dome, a speaker unit and a sound generating device.
  • metal materials are often used for the dome of the sounding device. Since the sounding device is close to the antenna in the mobile phone, the metal material is likely to cause interference to the 5G signal.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to propose a dome, which aims to solve the problem of interference caused by the current sound generating device to the antenna of the 5G mobile terminal.
  • the dome mounted in the speaker diaphragm of the present invention wherein the dome includes a sapphire layer and a substrate layer, the sapphire layer and the substrate layer are stacked on each other, and the sapphire layer One of the substrate layers is used for bonding with one side of the diaphragm, and the sapphire layer is provided with at least one through hole.
  • the dome includes at least two sapphire layers, the at least two sapphire layers are provided with the through holes, and a layer of the substrate is provided between the two adjacent sapphire layers Layer to cover the through hole on the sapphire layer.
  • the dome includes at least two layers of the substrate layer, a layer of the sapphire layer is disposed between the two adjacent substrate layers, and the substrate layer on both sides of the sapphire layer
  • the materials are the same or different.
  • the dome includes a single layer of the sapphire layer and a single layer of the substrate layer stacked on each other, and one side of the sapphire layer or the substrate layer is disposed close to the diaphragm.
  • the ratio of the opening area of the through hole to the area of the sapphire layer is less than or equal to 0.5.
  • the sapphire layer is perforated by a method including laser perforation, punching perforation or grinding perforation to form the through hole; the shape of the through hole includes a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, or a line. type.
  • the sapphire layer and the substrate layer are bonded to each other.
  • the shape and size of the substrate layer are adapted to the shape and size of the sapphire layer.
  • the thickness of the sapphire layer is greater than or equal to 0.02 mm and less than or equal to 0.5 mm; and/or, the thickness of the substrate layer is greater than or equal to 0.02 mm and less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
  • the substrate layer is aluminum foil, engineering plastics or thermoplastic elastomers
  • the engineering plastics include polyether ether ketone, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyetherimide, polyimide, polymethacrylimide, and aluminum foil.
  • polyether ether ketone polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyetherimide, polyimide, polymethacrylimide, and aluminum foil.
  • the thermoplastic elastomer includes one or more of polyurethane elastomer, polyester elastomer, polyamide elastomer, dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer, silicone elastomer, olefin elastomer, and styrene elastomer.
  • the present invention also provides a speaker unit including a vibration system, the vibration system including a diaphragm and a dome, and the dome is installed on the diaphragm;
  • the dome includes a sapphire layer and a substrate layer, the sapphire layer and the substrate layer are stacked on each other, and one of the sapphire layer and the substrate layer is used to interact with one side of the diaphragm
  • the sapphire layer is provided with at least one through hole.
  • the present invention also provides a sound generating device, which includes a housing and a speaker unit, the speaker unit includes a vibration system, the vibration system includes a diaphragm and a dome, and the dome is installed on the diaphragm;
  • the dome includes a sapphire layer and a substrate layer, the sapphire layer and the substrate layer are stacked on each other, and one of the sapphire layer and the substrate layer is used to interact with one side of the diaphragm
  • the sapphire layer is provided with at least one through hole
  • the speaker unit is accommodated in the housing, and the dome of the speaker unit is enclosed with the housing to form a front sound cavity, and the sound generating device is also provided with a sound channel connecting the front sound cavity and the outside.
  • At least one through hole is opened on the sapphire layer by making the dome include a sapphire layer and a substrate layer that are stacked one after another.
  • the sapphire layer has the advantages of high strength, high hardness, high temperature resistance, stable chemical properties, etc.
  • As a component of the speaker compared with traditional metal materials, it can eliminate interference to the antenna of 5G mobile phones and other terminals.
  • the high modulus of the sapphire layer helps to improve the high-frequency performance of the speaker, making the quality of the speaker better.
  • a through hole is provided on the sapphire layer, which can reduce the surface density without affecting the strength of the sapphire layer, reduce the vibration quality, and improve the sensitivity and frequency response of the vibration component.
  • the substrate layer 3 and the sapphire layer are stacked to block the through holes.
  • the overall weight can be reduced, and the flexibility of the dome is better, thereby improving the speaker's mid-range.
  • Low-frequency performance which in turn makes the speaker's acoustic quality better.
  • the cost of the entire speaker can be reduced.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the dome of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the dome and the diaphragm of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a speaker unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a sound generating device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of the sound generating device in Fig. 4.
  • the present invention provides a dome which is applied to speakers.
  • the dome 110 is mounted on the diaphragm 120 of the speaker.
  • the dome 110 includes a sapphire layer 111 and a substrate layer 113.
  • the sapphire layer 111 and the substrate layer The sapphire layer 111 and the substrate layer 113 are stacked on each other, one of the sapphire layer 111 and the base layer 113 is used to be combined with one side of the diaphragm 120, and the sapphire layer 111 is provided with at least one through hole 112.
  • the shape of the dome 110 may be a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a racetrack, or the like.
  • the dome 110 may be connected to the diaphragm 120 of the speaker by bonding.
  • the sapphire layer 111 may be connected to the diaphragm 120, or the base layer 113 may be connected to the diaphragm 120.
  • the dome 110 requires high rigidity and light weight to better adjust the acoustic performance.
  • the material of the sapphire layer 111 is single crystal alumina, and its molecular formula is Al 2 O 3 , which is formed by covalent bonding of three oxygen atoms and two aluminum atoms. Its crystal structure is a hexagonal lattice structure.
  • the sapphire layer 111 has a density of 3.95-4.1g/cm 3 , a Young's modulus of 380GPa, a mode hardness of 9, a melting point of 2045°C, a boiling point of 3000°C, and a dielectric constant of 11.5( ⁇ c), 9.3( ⁇ c) .
  • the sapphire layer 111 is a pure aluminum oxide crystal layer (the crystal is transparent and colorless), an aluminum oxide crystal layer containing titanium ions and iron ions (the crystal is blue), and an aluminum oxide crystal layer containing chromium ions (the crystal is red) ) Or a layer of aluminum oxide crystals containing nickel ions (the crystals are yellow). In this way, under the premise of not affecting the use of the loudspeaker, different sapphire layers 111 can be selected according to use requirements.
  • the sapphire layer 111 has the advantages of high strength, high hardness, high temperature resistance, stable chemical properties, etc. As a component of the speaker, compared with traditional metal materials, it can eliminate interference to the antenna of 5G mobile phones and other terminals.
  • the dielectric constant of the sapphire layer 111 is low, the restraint on the field is weak, the bandwidth is correspondingly wide, and the influence and interference on the antenna are extremely small, or even negligible.
  • the high modulus of the sapphire layer 111 helps to improve the high frequency performance of the speaker.
  • the sapphire layer 111 of the dome 110 can be made thinner and harder than other metals, so that the quality of the speaker is better.
  • the substrate layer 113 can be engineering plastics, and the selection of engineering plastics can be: polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly At least one of etherimide (PEI), polyimide (PI), and polymethacrylimide (PMI).
  • the substrate layer 113 may also be an elastomer, or a thermoplastic elastomer.
  • the thermoplastic elastomer may be a polyurethane elastomer, a polyester elastomer, a polyamide elastomer, a dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer, a silicone elastomer, or an olefin.
  • the base layer 113 may also be aluminum foil or the like.
  • the sapphire layer 111 and the substrate layer 113 can be bonded by glue.
  • glue for example, by bonding with ultraviolet curing glue (UV glue), the connection method is simple, stable and reliable.
  • UV glue ultraviolet curing glue
  • the axial direction of the through hole 112 is consistent with the thickness direction of the sapphire layer 111.
  • the number of through holes 112 on the sapphire layer 111 can be one, two, three, four, five, multiple, etc. When the number of through holes 112 on the sapphire layer 111 is small, the through holes 112 are preferably opened at a position close to the edge of the sapphire layer 111.
  • the through hole 112 is opened at a position close to the edge of the sapphire layer 111.
  • the size and number of the through holes 112 are set in inverse proportion, that is, the more the number of through holes 112, the smaller the size of the through holes 112, and the less the number of through holes 112, the larger the size of the through holes 112 can be designed.
  • the size of the plurality of through holes 112 may be the same or different.
  • the number and size of the through holes 112 can be selected and designed according to actual requirements, and are not specifically limited here.
  • the through hole 112 is opened on the sapphire layer 111, and the through hole 112 can be formed by laser perforation, punching perforation, and grinding perforation.
  • the shape of the through hole 112 (that is, the perforation) may be a polygon such as a triangle, a rectangle, a circle, an ellipse, a racetrack shape, or a linear shape (that is, a strip shape), and the like.
  • the shape of the plurality of through holes 112 may be the same or different.
  • the shape of the through hole 112 is made circular.
  • the areal density can be reduced without affecting the strength of the sapphire layer 111, the vibration quality is reduced, the sensitivity and frequency response of the vibration component are improved, and the acoustic performance and quality of the speaker are improved.
  • the base layer 113 and the sapphire layer 111 are stacked, the base layer 113 can block the through holes 112 on the sapphire layer 111 to avoid air leakage.
  • the base layer 113 and the sapphire layer 111 are stacked to block the through hole 112. Compared with two layers of sapphire layer 111 stacked on each other to block the through hole 112, the overall weight can be reduced, and the flexibility of the dome 110 is better. Improve the low frequency performance of the speaker, and then make the acoustic quality of the speaker better. In addition, the cost of the entire speaker can be reduced.
  • the dome 110 includes a sapphire layer 111 and a substrate layer 113 that are stacked, so that the sapphire layer 111 is provided with at least one through hole 112.
  • the sapphire layer 111 has the advantages of high strength, high hardness, high temperature resistance, stable chemical properties, etc. As a component of the speaker, compared with traditional metal materials, it can eliminate interference to the antenna of 5G mobile phones and other terminals. At the same time, the high modulus of the sapphire layer 111 helps to improve the high-frequency performance of the loudspeaker, making the quality of the loudspeaker better.
  • the through holes 112 are provided on the sapphire layer 111, which can reduce the surface density without affecting the strength of the sapphire layer 111, reduce the vibration quality, and improve the sensitivity and frequency response of the vibration component.
  • making the base layer 113 and the sapphire layer 111 overlap each other to block the through hole 112, compared with two layers of sapphire layer 111 which are stacked on each other to block the through hole 112, can reduce the overall weight and make the dome 110 more flexible. Thereby improving the mid-low frequency performance of the speaker, which in turn makes the acoustic quality of the speaker better. In addition, the cost of the entire speaker can be reduced.
  • the dome 110 includes at least two sapphire layers 111, at least two sapphire layers 111 are provided with through holes 112, and two adjacent sapphire layers 111 are provided with a layer in between.
  • the base layer 113 covers the through holes 112 on the sapphire layer 111.
  • the base material layer 113 by sandwiching the base material layer 113 between the two sapphire layers 111, only one base material layer 113 can realize the shielding of the through holes 112 on the two sapphire layers 111, so that the single-layer sapphire layer 111
  • the number of the through holes 112 on the layer 111 can be set more, and the overall weight is lighter. Setting two layers of sapphire layer 111 stacked, and opening a plurality of through holes 112 on the single layer of sapphire layer 111 can effectively enhance the rigidity of the dome 110 while making the overall weight of the dome 110 lighter, thereby increasing the height of the speaker. Frequency performance makes the acoustic quality of the speakers better.
  • the dome 110 may also include at least two substrate layers 113, a sapphire layer 111 is sandwiched between two adjacent substrate layers 113, and the substrate layers 113 on both sides of the sapphire layer 111
  • the materials can be the same or different. Therefore, the effect of covering the through holes 112 on the sapphire layer 111 with the substrate layer 113 is better.
  • the dome 110 includes a single layer of the sapphire layer 111 and a single layer of the substrate layer 113 stacked on each other, and one side of the sapphire layer 111 or the substrate layer 113 is close to each other.
  • the diaphragm 120 is arranged. In this way, only a single substrate layer 113 can block the through holes on the sapphire layer 111.
  • the structure of the single-layer base layer 113 and the single-layer sapphire layer 111 is simpler. It can eliminate interference to the antennas of terminals such as 5G mobile phones. High-frequency performance and mid-low frequency performance, and the weight of the entire dome is lighter, further improving the sensitivity and frequency response of the vibration component, thereby improving the acoustic performance and quality of the speaker.
  • the ratio of the opening area of the through hole 112 to the area of the sapphire layer 111 is less than or equal to 0.5.
  • the ratio of the area of the through hole 112 to the area of the sapphire layer 111 may be 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.45, 0.5, etc.
  • the ratio of the area of the through hole 112 to the area of the sapphire layer 111 is greater than 0.5, the opening area of the entire sapphire layer 111 is too large, which will affect the rigidity of the sapphire layer 111 and thereby affect the acoustic performance of the speaker.
  • the mass of the sapphire layer 111 can be reduced as much as possible without affecting the rigidity of the sapphire layer 111, thereby making the entire dome 110
  • the lighter weight improves the acoustic quality of the speakers better.
  • the shape and size of the base layer 113 are adapted to the shape and size of the sapphire layer 111.
  • the base material layer 113 can completely cover the sapphire layer 111, and the sealing effect of the entire speaker is better, and the acoustic performance is better.
  • the thickness of the sapphire layer 111 is greater than or equal to 0.02 mm and less than or equal to 0.5 mm; and/or the thickness of the substrate layer 113 is greater than or equal to 0.02 mm and less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
  • the thickness of the sapphire layer 111 when the thickness of the sapphire layer 111 is less than 0.02 mm, the thickness of the sapphire layer 111 is made too thin, which makes the processing process more difficult and the processing cost is high.
  • the thickness of the sapphire layer 111 is greater than 0.5 mm, the thickness of the sapphire layer 111 is too thick, which wastes material on the one hand, and makes the sapphire layer 111 heavier on the other hand, thereby affecting the acoustic performance of the speaker.
  • the rigidity of the sapphire layer 111 can meet the requirements under the condition of simple processing technology and low cost, and can improve the speaker's best performance.
  • the thickness of the base material layer 113 is made less than 0.02 mm, the thickness of the base material layer 113 is made too thin, so that when the diaphragm 120 vibrates, the part of the base material layer 113 covering the through hole 112 will also vibrate, which will cause Affect the sound quality of the speakers.
  • the thickness of the substrate layer 113 is made greater than 0.5 mm, the thickness of the substrate layer 113 is too thick, on the one hand, material is wasted, and on the other hand, the quality of the substrate layer 113 is heavier, thereby affecting the acoustic performance of the speaker.
  • the thickness of the substrate layer 113 greater than or equal to 0.02mm and less than or equal to 0.5mm, the overall quality of the through hole 112 can be effectively sealed, without affecting the sound quality, thereby effectively improving the acoustics of the speaker product performance.
  • the material of the substrate layer 113 includes polyether ether ketone, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyetherimide, polyimide, and One or more of acrylimide and aluminum foil.
  • the hardness of the substrate layer 113 is higher than that of elastomers, so that when the substrate layer 113 covers the through holes 112 of the sapphire layer 111, it corresponds to The part of the through hole 112 does not resonate, thereby improving the sound quality and ensuring the overall acoustic performance of the speaker product.
  • the present invention also provides a speaker unit 100.
  • the speaker unit 100 includes a vibration system.
  • the vibration system includes a diaphragm 120 and a dome 110.
  • the dome 110 refer to the above-mentioned embodiment. Since the speaker unit 100 adopts all the technical solutions of all the above-mentioned embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
  • the speaker unit 100 includes an auxiliary system, a vibration system, and a magnetic circuit system.
  • the auxiliary system includes a housing for accommodating the fixed vibration system and the magnetic circuit system.
  • the auxiliary system also includes a magnetic yoke that is fixed to the housing away from the vibration.
  • the vibration system On one side of the diaphragm 120, the vibration system includes a diaphragm 120, a dome 110, and a voice coil fixed on one side of the diaphragm 120.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a magnet, and a magnetic conductive plate is provided on the side of the magnet close to the diaphragm 120.
  • the magnetic circuit system has a magnetic gap, and the voice coil is arranged in the magnetic gap.
  • the voice coil reciprocates up and down in the magnetic field after the alternating current is applied, thereby driving the diaphragm 120 to vibrate and produce sound.
  • the auxiliary system may not be provided.
  • the choice of the material of the diaphragm 120 can improve the low frequency performance of the flexible diaphragm 120. Because of its light weight and low movement inertia, the clarity and details of the sound can be handled very well.
  • the diaphragm 120 can be made of polyetherimide, One or more of polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyether ether ketone and polyurethane thermal composite membrane, polyether ether ketone, silica gel, or other polymer material diaphragm 120 or biological diaphragm 120 .
  • the diaphragm 120 includes a central part 121 and a folding ring part 122 connecting the outer periphery of the central part 121, and the dome 110 is adhered to the central part 121.
  • the central part 121 of the diaphragm 120 can be provided with material removal, that is, the middle part of the central part 121 of the diaphragm 120 is hollowed out, leaving only the edge part connected with the folding ring part 122, then the dome 110 is covered and adhered to the center at this time The edge portion of section 121.
  • the sapphire layer 111 or the substrate layer 113 may be bonded to the main body of the diaphragm 120 by glue.
  • the folding ring portion 122 has a concave or convex structure, and the diaphragm 120 is also provided with a fixing portion fixed to the housing on the periphery of the folding ring portion 122.
  • the present invention also provides a sound emitting device.
  • the sound emitting device includes a housing 200 and a speaker unit 100.
  • the housing 200, the dome 110 of the speaker unit 100 and the housing 200 enclose a front sound cavity 210, and the sound generating device is also provided with a sound channel 220 connecting the front sound cavity 210 and the outside. Since the sound generating device adopts all the technical solutions of all the foregoing embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the foregoing embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
  • the shell 200 can be made of plastic material, which is directly injected into the mold into the required shape by an injection molding method. This kind of shell 200 has low cost, high efficiency and simple process. The shell 200 can also be made of other materials. In this embodiment, Not limited.
  • the speaker unit 100 is fixed in the housing 200.
  • the speaker unit 100 includes a diaphragm 120 that separates the cavity of the sound device into a front sound cavity 210 and a rear sound cavity.
  • the front sound cavity 210 passes through the sound channel 220 and the sound device External connectivity.
  • the vibration of the diaphragm 120 drives the air in the front acoustic cavity 210 to vibrate, and transmits sound waves to the outside of the acoustic device through the sound channel 220.
  • the rear acoustic cavity is a closed structure and communicates with the outside only through the damping hole.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种球顶、扬声器单体和发声装置，其中，球顶安装于扬声器的振膜，所述球顶包括蓝宝石层和基材层，所述蓝宝石层与所述基材层相互层叠设置，所述蓝宝石层和所述基材层的其中一者用以与所述振膜的一侧结合，所述蓝宝石层开设有至少一个通孔。本发明球顶能够提升扬声器声学性能和品质。

Description

球顶、扬声器单体和发声装置 技术领域
本发明涉及声学技术领域，特别涉及一种球顶、扬声器单体和发声装置。
背景技术
随着5G手机时代来临，对移动终端，例如手机的材料性能提出了更高的要求。由于5G手机频率较高，其终端天线对周边金属和碳化物材料很敏感，特别是金属材料对5G信号干扰非常严重。5G手机天线周边材料本身的介电常数会影响天线的带宽，一般介电常数越高，对电磁场的束缚越强，带宽相应会变窄，所以天线周边的介质的介电常数越低越好。
在传统设计中，发声装置的球顶位置往往使用金属材料，由于发声装置在手机中和天线的距离很近，金属材料很容易对5G信号造成干扰。
上述内容仅用于辅助理解发明的技术方案，并不代表承认上述内容是现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提出一种球顶，旨在解决目前的发声装置对5G移动终端的天线产生干扰的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出的球顶安装于扬声器的振膜，其中，所述球顶包括蓝宝石层和基材层，所述蓝宝石层与所述基材层相互层叠设置，所述蓝宝石层和所述基材层的其中一者用以与所述振膜的一侧结合，所述蓝宝石层开设有至少一个通孔。
在一实施例中，所述球顶包括至少两层所述蓝宝石层，所述至少两层蓝宝石层上开设有所述通孔，相邻两层所述蓝宝石层中间设有一层所述基材层，以覆盖所述蓝宝石层上的所述通孔。
在一实施例中，所述球顶包括至少两层所述基材层，相邻两层所述基材层中间设有一层所述蓝宝石层，所述蓝宝石层两侧的所述基材层的材料相同 或不同。
在一实施例中，所述球顶包括相互层叠的单层所述蓝宝石层和单层所述基材层，所述蓝宝石层一侧或所述基材层一侧靠近所述振膜设置。
在一实施例中，所述通孔的开孔面积与所述蓝宝石层的面积之比小于或等于0.5。
在一实施例中，对所述蓝宝石层采用包括激光穿孔、冲切穿孔或研磨穿孔的方式进行穿孔，以形成所述通孔；所述通孔的形状包括圆形、椭圆形、多边形或线型。
在一实施例中，所述蓝宝石层与所述基材层相互粘接。
在一实施例中，所述基材层的形状和尺寸与所述蓝宝石层的形状和尺寸相适配。
在一实施例中，所述蓝宝石层的厚度大于或等于0.02mm，且小于或等于0.5mm；和/或，所述基材层的厚度大于或等于0.02mm，且小于或等于0.5mm。
在一实施例中，所述基材层为铝箔、工程塑料或者热塑性弹性体；
所述工程塑料包括聚醚醚酮、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺、聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺和铝箔中的一种或多种；
所述热塑性弹性体包括聚氨酯弹性体、聚酯弹性体、聚酰胺弹性体、动态硫化热塑性弹性体、有机硅弹性体、烯烃类弹性体、苯乙烯类弹性体中的一种或多种。
本发明还提出一种扬声器单体，包括振动系统，所述振动系统包括振膜和球顶，所述球顶安装于所述振膜；
所述球顶包括蓝宝石层和基材层，所述蓝宝石层与所述基材层相互层叠设置，所述蓝宝石层和所述基材层的其中一者用以与所述振膜的一侧结合，所述蓝宝石层开设有至少一个通孔。
本发明还提出一种发声装置，包括壳体及扬声器单体，所述扬声器单体包括振动系统，所述振动系统包括振膜和球顶，所述球顶安装于所述振膜；
所述球顶包括蓝宝石层和基材层，所述蓝宝石层与所述基材层相互层叠设置，所述蓝宝石层和所述基材层的其中一者用以与所述振膜的一侧结合， 所述蓝宝石层开设有至少一个通孔；
所述扬声器单体收容于所述壳体，所述扬声器单体的球顶与所述壳体围合形成前声腔，所述发声装置还设有连通所述前声腔及外部的出声通道。
本发明通过使得球顶包括相层叠设置的蓝宝石层和基材层，使得蓝宝石层上开设有至少一个通孔。蓝宝石层具有强度高，硬度大，耐高温，化学性质稳定等优点，作为扬声器的部件，相较于传统的金属材料，可消除对5G手机等终端的天线的干扰。同时蓝宝石层的高模量有助于改善扬声器高频性能，使得扬声器的品质更佳。且在蓝宝石层上设置通孔，可在不影响蓝宝石层强度的情况下降低面密度，减小振动质量，提高振动组件的灵敏度和频响。同时，使得基材层3与蓝宝石层相互层叠遮挡通孔，相比于通过两层蓝宝石层相互层叠遮挡通孔，能够减轻整体重量，且使得球顶的柔韧性更好，从而提高扬声器的中低频性能，进而使得扬声器的声学品质更优。此外还能够降低整个扬声器的成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明球顶一实施例的结构示意图；
图2为本发明球顶另一实施例与振膜的结构示意图；
图3为本发明扬声器单体一实施例的结构示意图；
图4为本发明发声装置一实施例的结构示意图；
图5为图4中发声装置的分解结构示意图。
附图标号说明：
标号 名称 标号 名称
100 扬声器单体 121 中央部
110 球顶 122 折环部
111 蓝宝石层 200 壳体
112 通孔 210 前声腔
113 基材层 220 出声通道
120 振膜    
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，若本发明实施例中有涉及方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)，则该方向性指示仅用于解释在某一特定姿态下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，若本发明实施例中有涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述，则该“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，全文中出现的“和/或”的含义为，包括三个并列的方案，以“A和/或B”为例，包括A方案，或B方案，或A和B同时满足的方案。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
本发明提出一种球顶，应用于扬声器。
在本发明实施例中，如图1至图3所示，该球顶110安装于扬声器的振 膜120，其中，球顶110包括蓝宝石层111和基材层113，蓝宝石层111与基材层113相互层叠设置，蓝宝石层111和基材层113的其中一者用以与振膜120的一侧结合，蓝宝石层111开设有至少一个通孔112。
在本实施例中，球顶110的形状可以为圆形、椭圆形、矩形、跑道形等。球顶110可以通过粘接的方式连接在扬声器的振膜120上。具体可以为蓝宝石层111与振膜120连接，也可以为基材层113与振膜120连接。球顶110要求刚性大、重量轻，以更好的调节声学性能。蓝宝石层111的材质为单晶氧化铝，其分子式为Al 2O 3，由三个氧原子和两个铝原子以共价键的形式结合而成，其晶体结构为六方晶格结构，蓝宝石层111的密度为3.95-4.1g/cm 3，其杨氏模量为380GPa,模式硬度为9，熔点为2045℃，沸点为3000℃，介电常数为11.5(∥c),9.3(⊥c)。具体地，蓝宝石层111为纯氧化铝晶体层(晶体呈透明无色)、含钛离子和铁离子的氧化铝晶体层(晶体呈蓝色)、含铬离子的氧化铝晶体层(晶体呈红色)或含镍离子的氧化铝晶体层(晶体呈黄色)。如此，在不影响扬声器使用的前提下，可根据使用需求进行选择不同的蓝宝石层111。
蓝宝石层111具有强度高，硬度大，耐高温，化学性质稳定等优点，作为扬声器的部件，相较于传统的金属材料，可消除对5G手机等终端的天线的干扰。蓝宝石层111的介电常数低，对场的束缚弱，带宽相应较宽，对天线的影响及干扰极小，甚至可忽略不计。同时蓝宝石层111的高模量有助于改善扬声器高频性能。且由于蓝宝石材料的特性，使得球顶110的蓝宝石层111相较于其他金属可以做的更薄、硬度更好，从而使得扬声器的品质更佳。
基材层113可以为工程塑料，工程塑料的选材可以为：聚醚醚酮(PEEK)，聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)中的至少一种。基材层113也可以为弹性体，可选为热塑性弹性体，该热塑性弹性体可以为聚氨酯弹性体、聚酯弹性体、聚酰胺弹性体、动态硫化热塑性弹性体、有机硅弹性体、烯烃类弹性体、苯乙烯类弹性体中的一种或多种。基材层113还可以为铝箔等。
实际而言，蓝宝石层111与基材层113之间可以通过胶水粘接。例如通过紫外光固化胶(UV胶)相粘接，则连接方式简单且稳固可靠。可以理解的是， 蓝宝石层111与基材层113相互层叠指的是在其厚度方向上相层叠。通孔112的轴线方向与蓝宝石层111的厚度方向相一致。蓝宝石层111上通孔112的数量可以为一个、两个、三个、四个、五个、多个等。当蓝宝石层111上的通孔112的数量较少时，优选地将通孔112开设在蓝宝石层111靠近边缘的位置。由于振膜120在振动时，中部振动幅度大，边沿振动幅度小，而球顶110通常贴设在振膜120的中央部121分，因此，为了减小通孔112对振膜120的影响，使得通孔112开设在蓝宝石层111靠近边缘的位置。通孔112的大小和数量呈反比设置，也即，通孔112的数量越多，则通孔112的尺寸越小，通孔112的数量越少，则通孔112的尺寸可以设计的越大，多个通孔112的尺寸可以相同，也可以不同。通孔112的数量和尺寸可根据实际需求进行选择和设计，在此不做具体限定。
在蓝宝石层111上开设通孔112，可以采用激光穿孔、冲切穿孔、研磨穿孔的方式进行穿孔处理，以形成通孔112。具体地，通孔112(也即穿孔)的形状可以为三角形、矩形等多边形、圆形、椭圆形、跑道形或线型(也即条形)等。多个通孔112的形状可以相同，也可以不同。通常，为了便于加工，且减少蓝宝石层111的应力，使得通孔112的形状为圆形。通过在蓝宝石层111上设置通孔112，可在不影响蓝宝石层111强度的情况下降低面密度，减小振动质量，提高振动组件的灵敏度和频响，进而提升扬声器声学性能和品质。使得基材层113与蓝宝石层111层叠设置，则基材层113可以遮挡蓝宝石层111上的通孔112，避免出现漏气现象。且使得基材层113与蓝宝石层111相互层叠遮挡通孔112，相比于通过两层蓝宝石层111相互层叠遮挡通孔112，能够减轻整体重量，且使得球顶110的柔韧性更好，从而提高扬声器的中低频性能，进而使得扬声器的声学品质更优。此外还能够降低整个扬声器的成本。
本发明通过使得球顶110包括相层叠设置的蓝宝石层111和基材层113，使得蓝宝石层111上开设有至少一个通孔112。蓝宝石层111具有强度高，硬度大，耐高温，化学性质稳定等优点，作为扬声器的部件，相较于传统的金属材料，可消除对5G手机等终端的天线的干扰。同时蓝宝石层111的高模量有助于改善扬声器高频性能，使得扬声器的品质更佳。且在蓝宝石层111上设置通孔112，可在不影响蓝宝石层111强度的情况下降低面密度，减小振动 质量，提高振动组件的灵敏度和频响。同时，使得基材层113与蓝宝石层111相互层叠遮挡通孔112，相比于通过两层蓝宝石层111相互层叠遮挡通孔112，能够减轻整体重量，且使得球顶110的柔韧性更好，从而提高扬声器的中低频性能，进而使得扬声器的声学品质更优。此外还能够降低整个扬声器的成本。
在一实施例中，如图1至图3所示，球顶110包括至少两层蓝宝石层111，至少两层蓝宝石层111上开设有通孔112，相邻两层蓝宝石层111中间设有一层基材层113，以覆盖蓝宝石层111上的通孔112。
在本实施例中，通过在两层蓝宝石层111之间夹设基材层113，则仅通过一层基材层113便可实现遮挡两层蓝宝石层111上的通孔112，使得单层蓝宝石层111上的通孔112的数量可以设置更多，进而整体的质量更轻。设置两层蓝宝石层111层叠，在单层蓝宝石层111上开设多个通孔112，则能够在使得球顶110整体质量较轻的情况下，有效增强球顶110的刚度，进而提高扬声器的高频性能，使得扬声器的声学品质更优。在其他实施例中，还可以使得球顶110包括至少两层基材层113，相邻两层基材层113之间夹设有一层蓝宝石层111，蓝宝石层111两侧的基材层113的材料可以相同或者不同。则使得基材层113覆盖蓝宝石层111上的通孔112的效果更佳。
在另一实施例中，所述球顶110包括相互层叠的单层所述蓝宝石层111和单层所述基材层113，所述蓝宝石层111一侧或所述基材层113一侧靠近所述振膜120设置。如此，仅设置单层基材层113便可遮挡蓝宝石层111上的通孔。且单层基材层113加单层蓝宝石层111的结构更加简单，在能够消除对5G手机等终端的天线的干扰的同时，相比于两层蓝宝石层111互相遮挡的结构，能够同时提高扬声器的高频性能和中低频性能，且整个球顶的质量更轻，进一步提高振动组件的灵敏度和频响，进而提升扬声器声学性能和品质。
在一实施例中，通孔112的开孔面积与蓝宝石层111的面积之比小于或等于0.5。具体地，通孔112的面积与蓝宝石层111的面积之比可以为0.1、0.2、0.25、0.3、0.45、0.5等。当通孔112的面积与蓝宝石层111的面积之比大于0.5时，使得整个蓝宝石层111的开孔面积过大，从而会影响蓝宝石层111的刚度，进而会影响扬声器的声学性能。通过使得通孔112的面积与蓝宝石层111的面积之比小于或等于0.5，则在不会影响蓝宝石层111的刚度的同时， 尽可能大的减轻蓝宝石层111的质量，从而使得整个球顶110质量更轻，对扬声器的声学品质提升效果更好。
具体而言，如图1至图3所示，基材层113的形状和尺寸与蓝宝石层111的形状和尺寸相适配。如此，使得基材层113能够完全覆盖蓝宝石层111，进而使得整个扬声器的密封效果更佳，声学性能更好。
在一实施例中，蓝宝石层111的厚度大于或等于0.02mm，且小于或等于0.5mm；和/或，基材层113的厚度大于或等于0.02mm，且小于或等于0.5mm。
在本实施例中，当蓝宝石层111的厚度小于0.02mm时，使得蓝宝石层111的厚度过薄，使得加工工艺更加困难，加工成本高。而当蓝宝石层111的厚度大于0.5mm时，使得蓝宝石层111的厚度过厚，一方面浪费材料，另一方面使得造成蓝宝石层111的质量较重，从而会影响扬声器的声学性能。通过使得蓝宝石层111的厚度大于或等于0.02mm，且小于或等于0.5mm，则在加工工艺简单，成本较低的情况下，使得蓝宝石层111的刚度满足需求，且能够最佳的提升扬声器的声学品质。若使得基材层113的厚度小于0.02mm，则使得基材层113的厚度过薄，从而在振膜120振动时，基材层113覆盖在通孔112的部份也会发生振动，进而会影响扬声器的声音品质。若使得基材层113的厚度大于0.5mm，使得基材层113的厚度过厚，一方面浪费材料，另一方面使得造成基材层113的质量较重，从而会影响扬声器的声学性能。通过使得基材层113的厚度大于或等于0.02mm，且小于或等于0.5mm，则在能够有效密封通孔112的同时，减轻整体质量，且不会影响声音品质，进而有效提升扬声器产品的声学性能。
在一实施例中，基材层113的材料包括聚醚醚酮、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺、聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺和铝箔中的一种或多种。通过使得基材层113的材料为工程塑料和铝箔，则相比于弹性体而言，使得基材层113的硬度较高，从而基材层113在覆盖蓝宝石层111的通孔112时，对应通孔112的部分不会发生共振，进而能够提高声音品质，保证扬声器产品的整体声学性能。
本发明还提出一种扬声器单体100，请参照图3及图5，该扬声器单体100包括振动系统，振动系统包括振膜120和球顶110，该球顶110的具体结构参照上述实施例，由于本扬声器单体100采用了上述所有实施例的全部技术方 案，因此至少具有上述实施例的技术方案所带来的所有有益效果，在此不再一一赘述。
其中，该扬声器单体100包括辅助系统、振动系统和磁路系统，辅助系统包括用于收容固定振动系统和磁路系统的外壳，辅助系统还包括导磁轭，导磁轭固定于外壳背离振膜120的一侧，振动系统包括振膜120、球顶110和固定在振膜120一侧的音圈，磁路系统包括磁铁，磁铁靠近振膜120的一侧设置有导磁板。磁路系统具有磁间隙，音圈设置于该磁间隙中，音圈通入交流电后在磁场中做上下往复运动，从而带动振膜120振动发声。在一些实施例中，也可以不设置辅助系统。振膜120材料选择柔性振膜120，可改善其低频性能，因其重量轻，运动惯性小，使其声音的清晰度和细节部分处理的非常好，振膜120可以由聚醚酰亚胺、聚氨基甲酸脂、聚氯乙烯、聚醚醚酮与聚氨酯热复合膜、聚醚醚酮、硅胶中的一种或多种组成，也可选择其他高分子材料振膜120，或者生物振膜120。
具体地，振膜120包括中央部121及连接中央部121外周缘的折环部122，球顶110粘接于中央部121。振膜120的中央部121可以设置去料，也即使得振膜120的中央部121的中间部分镂空，仅留有边缘部分与折环部122连接，则此时球顶110覆盖粘接在中央部121的边缘部分。蓝宝石层111或基材层113可通过胶粘接于振膜120本体。如此，可降低振动系统的质量，提高整体的灵敏度和频响，进而提升整个扬声器产品的声学性能。折环部122呈凹或凸的结构，振膜120在这折环部122的外围还设置有与外壳固定的固定部。
本发明还提出一种发声装置，如图4及图5所示，该发声装置包括壳体200及扬声器单体100，该扬声器单体100的具体结构参照上述实施例，扬声器单体100收容于壳体200，扬声器单体100的球顶110与壳体200围合形成前声腔210，发声装置还设有连通前声腔210及外部的出声通道220。由于发声装置采用了上述所有实施例的全部技术方案，因此至少具有上述实施例的技术方案所带来的所有有益效果，在此不再一一赘述。
壳体200可为塑料材质，利用注塑成型方法直接在模具内注塑成需要的形状，这种壳体200成本低、效率高以及工艺简单，壳体200也可为其他材质，对此本实施例不做限定。扬声器单体100固定于壳体200内，扬声器单 体100包括振膜120，振膜120将发声装置的腔体分隔为前声腔210和后声腔，前声腔210通过出声通道220与发声装置的外部连通。振膜120振动带动前声腔210内空气振动，通过出声通道220将声波传递至声学装置的外部，后声腔为封闭结构，仅通过阻尼孔与外界连通。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种球顶，安装于扬声器的振膜，其特征在于，所述球顶包括蓝宝石层和基材层，所述蓝宝石层与所述基材层相互层叠设置，所述蓝宝石层和所述基材层的其中一者用以与所述振膜的一侧结合，所述蓝宝石层上开设有至少一个通孔。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的球顶，其特征在于，所述球顶包括至少两层所述蓝宝石层，所述至少两层蓝宝石层上开设有所述通孔，相邻两层所述蓝宝石层中间设有一层所述基材层，以覆盖所述蓝宝石层上的所述通孔。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的球顶，其特征在于，所述球顶包括至少两层所述基材层，相邻两层所述基材层中间设有一层所述蓝宝石层，所述蓝宝石层两侧的所述基材层的材料相同或不同。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的球顶，其特征在于，所述球顶包括相互层叠的单层所述蓝宝石层和单层所述基材层，所述蓝宝石层一侧或所述基材层一侧靠近所述振膜设置。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的球顶，其特征在于，所述通孔的开孔面积与所述蓝宝石层的面积之比小于或等于0.5。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的球顶，其特征在于，对所述蓝宝石层采用包括激光穿孔、冲切穿孔或研磨穿孔的方式进行穿孔，以形成所述通孔；所述通孔的形状包括圆形、椭圆形、多边形或线型。
  7. 如权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的球顶，其特征在于，所述蓝宝石层与所述基材层之间通过胶层粘结结合。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的球顶，其特征在于，所述基材层的形状和尺寸与 所述蓝宝石层的形状和尺寸相适配。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的球顶，其特征在于，所述蓝宝石层的厚度大于或等于0.02mm，且小于或等于0.5mm；和/或，所述基材层的厚度大于或等于0.02mm，且小于或等于0.5mm。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的球顶，其特征在于，所述基材层为铝箔、工程塑料或者热塑性弹性体；
    所述工程塑料包括聚醚醚酮、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺、聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺和铝箔中的一种或多种；
    所述热塑性弹性体包括聚氨酯弹性体、聚酯弹性体、聚酰胺弹性体、动态硫化热塑性弹性体、有机硅弹性体、烯烃类弹性体、苯乙烯类弹性体中的一种或多种。
  11. 一种扬声器单体，其特征在于，包括振动系统，所述振动系统包括振膜和如权利要求1至10中任意一项所述的球顶，所述球顶安装于所述振膜。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于，所述振膜包括中央部及连接所述中央部外周缘的折环部，所述球顶粘接于所述中央部。
  13. 一种发声装置，其特征在于，包括壳体及如权利要求11或12所述的扬声器单体，所述扬声器单体收容于所述壳体，所述扬声器单体的球顶与所述壳体围合形成前声腔，所述发声装置还设有连通所述前声腔及外部的出声通道。
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