WO2021253678A1 - 一种滨海滩涂盐碱裸地用种子捕获装置及其应用 - Google Patents

一种滨海滩涂盐碱裸地用种子捕获装置及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2021253678A1
WO2021253678A1 PCT/CN2020/118215 CN2020118215W WO2021253678A1 WO 2021253678 A1 WO2021253678 A1 WO 2021253678A1 CN 2020118215 W CN2020118215 W CN 2020118215W WO 2021253678 A1 WO2021253678 A1 WO 2021253678A1
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seed
saline
biochar
capture
capture device
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PCT/CN2020/118215
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English (en)
French (fr)
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夏江宝
刘萍
刘娟娟
王贵霞
崔倩
赵万里
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滨州学院
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D31/00—Other digging harvesters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of improving the environment of coastal beaches, in particular to a seed capture device for saline-alkali bare land of coastal beaches and its application.
  • a plant seed capture device is constructed, and on this basis, the technology to improve the micro-habitat soil nutrition in the capture area is developed to achieve the rich saline-alkali bare patch capture area.
  • the establishment of a plant seed bank and the establishment of pioneer plant communities has become an urgent problem to be solved, so as to further increase the vegetation coverage of coastal saline-alkali land and accelerate the recovery process of coastal saline-alkali bare patch plant communities.
  • the present invention provides a seed catching device for beach saline-alkali bare land with reasonable design, improving soil conditions, and increasing seed interception rate and its application.
  • a seed catching device for beach saline-alkali bare land comprising a fixed bracket, characterized in that: the fixed bracket is in the shape of a bell mouth, the top surface is arched, the other three sides are flat, and the bottom of the fixed bracket is evenly installed Insert a nail; a capture net is built in the fixed bracket, and a barrier cap is provided on the upper side of the front end of the capture net; the bottom surface of the capture net and the undisturbed part of the ground are evenly distributed with biochar packs, and the biochar packs are covered with Soil, and the total area of the biochar package is 8-15% of the bottom surface area of the capture net.
  • the invention improves the setting of soil and seed capture devices through the biochar micro-environment, increases the soil N, P and other nutrient elements content in the capture area, captures vegetation seeds such as shrubs and herbs, and provides for the retention and storage of the coastal saline-alkali seeds Conditions: Realize the improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil within the capture area, which is conducive to seed germination and seedling growth, so as to increase the vegetation coverage and plant productivity of the coastal beach.
  • the fixing bracket has a length of 50-60cm, a front opening width of 40cm, an arch height of 31-35cm, and an insert nail length of 10cm; it is used to fix the entire capture device.
  • the bottom mesh of the capture net has a hole diameter of 2.0 cm, and the other three sides have a mesh diameter of less than 0.5 mm.
  • the mesh is small and dense, and the seeds are not easy to lose after being captured.
  • the bottom mesh is relatively large and is used to increase the surface roughness of the soil. Improve the dispersion of seeds in the trap.
  • the biochar bag is 5cm in length, 5cm in width, and 3mm in thickness; the packaging material of the biochar bag is non-woven fabric, and its internal material is a mixture of EM bacteria and biomass charcoal with a mass ratio of 3:7, and each bag is 10-12g ; The total area of the biochar bag is 10% of the bottom area of the capture net, which plays a role in improving soil aeration and soil nutrients.
  • the height of the brim of the barrier gate is 5-8 cm, which can shield the captured seeds and facilitate the storage of the seeds when they fall.
  • the biomass charcoal is obtained by washing and cutting tamarisk branches and leaves, drying them, pulverizing, sieving, and pyrolyzing them in a muffle furnace.
  • the specific preparation steps are as follows: the tamarisk branches and leaves are washed with deionized water and cut to 2-3 cm, put in an oven at 65°C for 48 hours, pulverized by a grinding mill, passed through a 2 mm sieve, and sealed for later use; The spare sample is placed in a porcelain crucible and put into a muffle furnace at 400°C for 1 hour to pyrolyze to prepare biochar; the biochar is washed with deionized water, dried, and packaged for storage.
  • the application method of the above-mentioned seed capture device is as follows: in the early stage of plant seed maturation in the muddy coastal zone and beach saline-alkali area, the seed capture device is installed on the saline-alkali bare patch plot, and the network port of the seed capture device is set according to the conventional eight-directional wind direction.
  • the device separation distance is 2.0-2.5m; at the bottom of the seed capture device, the trapping concave bodies are excavated at random intervals and the blocking convex bodies are stacked at random intervals.
  • the trapping concave bodies control disturbance and capture 30-35% of the bottom surface area of the net body, and the blocking convex bodies control disturbance Capture 25-30% of the bottom area of the net.
  • the seed capture device After 1-2 years, the seed capture device will be weathered naturally, and together with the germinating and planting plants, the roughness of the ground surface will be further changed, and it will play the role of naturally intercepting plant seeds.
  • the depth of the trapping concave body is 10 cm and the area is different, and the stacking height of the blocking convex body is 15-20 cm.
  • the fixed frame of the seed catching device adopts tamarisk branches with a thickness of 1.0-1.2cm, and the material of the catching net is made of reeds with a thickness of 0.5-0.8cm and the above-ground parts of Spartina alterniflora.
  • the above-ground parts are harvested , After soaking in clean water for 5-8h, weave it to capture the net; it can obtain local materials, improve the utilization efficiency of local plant resources, and effectively control the invasion of Spartina alterniflora.
  • the invention has a reasonable design, significantly changes the surface roughness, regulates the migration of water and salt, effectively improves the nutrient element conditions of the soil monomer, has good seed retention effects, and significantly improves the preservation rate of shrub and grass seedlings and the vegetation coverage rate.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the front view of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the left side structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic top view of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a SEM scanning electron microscope image of Tamarix-based biochar at 10000 times
  • Figure 6 is a SEM scanning electron microscope image of Tamarix based biochar at 2000 times
  • Figure 7 is a SEM scanning electron microscope image of Tamarix based biochar at 200 times
  • Figure 8 shows the FTIR spectrum of Tamarix-based biochar
  • Figure 9 is the XRD pattern of Tamarix-based biochar
  • Figure 10 is a comparison diagram of the effect of Tamarix-based biochar on the effective phosphorus content of soils with different salinities
  • Figure 11 is a comparison diagram of the effect of Tamarix-based biochar on ammonia nitrogen in different salinity soils.
  • the habitat for the implementation of the present invention in the muddy coastal zone, the coastal beach soil is in a moderately or severely saline-alkali bare spot area, the salt content of 10cm soil is between 0.6% and 1.6%, and there is a certain amount in the range of 3-5km around the saline-alkali bare spot.
  • the vegetation community has a certain potential source of seeds.
  • the seed capture device is mainly composed of four parts (as shown in Figures 1-4), which are a fixed support 1, a capture net body 2, a biochar bag 3, and a shed brim 4, respectively.
  • Fixed bracket 1 Mainly used to fix the entire capture device, fixed bracket 1 is 50-60cm in length, 40cm in width, 30-35cm in arch height, and 10cm in height of ground-inserted nails.
  • Capture mesh 2 The specifications of the capture mesh 2, height 30-35cm, external mesh ⁇ 0.5mm, the bottom mesh is relatively sparse, and the hole diameter is about 2.0cm.
  • Main functions The outer mesh is small and dense, and the seeds are not easy to lose after capture; the bottom mesh is larger, which is used to increase the roughness of the soil surface and improve the dispersion of seeds in the capture device.
  • the technology for setting the surface roughness of the bottom of the capture net 2 The bottom of the net needs to be excavated at random capture recesses with a depth of about 10cm, and the total area of the bottom of the capture net 2 is 30%-35%.
  • Stacking random blocking convex bodies with different heights ranging from 15-20cm, blocking convex bodies control disturbance, and capturing net body 2 has a bottom area of 25%-30%; catching concave bodies, blocking convex bodies, biochar bags and the bottom surface of the net together change the roughness of the surface It can form micro-topography habitats with different surface roughness, and can form micro-habitats suitable for germination and growth after seeds are captured.
  • Biochar bag 3 Biochar bag 3 specifications: length 5cm, width 5cm, thickness 3mm.
  • the material of the biochar package 3 is configured with EM bacteria and biomass charcoal, and the mass ratio is 3:7, and each package is 10-12g; the biomass charcoal is made with local native plant Tamarix as the main raw material.
  • the biochar bag 3 is covered with soil 2-3cm thick, and the total layout area accounts for 10% of the bottom area of the capture net body 2. % Or so (about 4-5 biochar packs 3) to improve soil aeration and increase soil nutrients.
  • Shelter brim 4 Correspondingly set on the upper side of the front end of the capture net body 2 with a height of 5-8 cm, which can shield the captured seeds and facilitate the storage of the seeds.
  • the raw materials of the seed capture device use the above-ground part of the local native plant material reed and the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora, the thickness of the net rope is 0.5-0.8cm; the fixed bracket 1 part uses the local raw material tamarisk branches, the thickness of the branches is 1.0-1.2cm ; After soaking the harvested reeds and cross-flowered rice grassland in clean water for 5-8 hours, they can be compiled according to the specifications and parameters of the set capture device.
  • the seed capture device In August-September, in the early stage of plant seed maturation in the saline-alkali area on the muddy coast, the seed capture device should be placed on the saline-alkali bare patch plot.
  • the network port needs to be set according to the conventional eight-directional wind direction, and the distance between the individual devices is 2.0-2.5 m.
  • the seed interception device After 1-2 years, the seed interception device will be weathered naturally, and together with the germinating and planting plants, it will further change the surface roughness and play the role of naturally intercepting plant seeds.
  • the tamarisk branches and leaves are carefully cleaned with deionized water and cut to 2-3cm, put in an oven at 65°C for 48h, pulverized by a grinding mill, passed through a 2mm sieve, and sealed for later use.
  • the prepared biochar is washed repeatedly with deionized water until the salt is completely removed, and dried and packaged and stored as the main component of the biochar package 3.
  • the packaging material of the biochar bag 3 is made of non-woven fabric, which can be degraded naturally, and its components are harmless after degradation.
  • Example 2 Analysis of the surface morphology and functional groups of Tamarix-based biochar
  • the surface of the tamarisk biomass charcoal manufactured at 400°C is not smooth, showing a hill-like bumpy surface morphology, and there are basically no cracks and pores on the surface.
  • the surface has a bumpy morphology and internal pore structure. Rich.
  • the infrared spectrum absorption peaks of Tamarix-based biomass carbon are around 615, 673, 1128, 1593, 2920, and 3402 cm -1 .
  • the 400°C Tamarix biomass carbon mainly contains functional groups such as nitro, secondary amine, tertiary amine, phenolic hydroxyl group, and aromatic group.
  • Tamarix is a salt-secreting plant.
  • the cells contain a lot of salt, and its diffraction pattern contains obvious diffraction peaks. Compared with non-salt-secreting plants, the number of diffraction peaks is large and the intensity is greater.
  • the diffraction pattern is similar to that of activated carbon activated by salt, which also shows that more salt is left on the surface.
  • Example 3 The effect of biochar coating materials on soil available phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen with different salinity
  • the soil uses the Yellow River Delta coastal saline soil, the soil pH is 8.1-8.3, the initial salinity is 0.34%, the total phosphorus is 2.52g/kg, the available phosphorus is 20.8mg/kg, and the ammonia nitrogen is 3.01mg/kg.
  • the biochar package material configuration adopts EM bacteria and biomass charcoal with a mass ratio of 3:7.
  • the prepared microbial carbon package material is mixed with the soil at an addition ratio of 2%.
  • the soil salinity simulates moderate to severe saline-alkali soil, the salinity is adjusted with NaCl, and the salinity is set to 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.1%, 1.4%, and 1.7%. Place each treatment group in an artificial climate box at a temperature of 28°C and a treatment time of 40 days. The results are shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11.
  • the saline soil added with the biomass charcoal bag has a significant increase in the available phosphorus content. There was no significant difference in available phosphorus content between different salinities (P>0.05). In severely saline soil, the available phosphorus content of 0.8% salinity increased to 38.56mg/kg, which was an increase of 80.49% compared with the control, which significantly increased the available phosphorus content in saline-alkali soils and provided sufficient phosphorus for plants.
  • Adding biomass charcoal materials can significantly increase the ammonia nitrogen content of saline soil.
  • the increasing trend of salinity is very significant.
  • biochar package material prepared at 400°C with the ratio of tamarisk-based biomass charcoal and EM bacteria can significantly increase the content of soil ammonia nitrogen and available phosphorus, and these two substances are essential nutrient elements for plant growth and development.
  • the concave is captured.
  • the soil water content of the body is increased by 15%-20%, and the salt content is excessively concentrated on the top surface of the blocking convex body, and the salt content is increased by about 7% compared with the original flat area; there is a biochar bag coverage area, and the soil available N and P nutrient content An increase of 20%-24% provides the nutrients needed in the initial stage for the germination and growth of plant seeds.
  • the beach-coated saline-alkali bare spot capture device After the beach-coated saline-alkali bare spot capture device is installed, relying on the force formed by water current and wind, it can better retain and store plant seeds in the surrounding area, capture the concave and flat areas where the biochar package is installed, and form a typical halophyte Native plants such as tamarisk, reeds and alkali canopy are the mainstays.
  • the preservation rate of seedlings in the entire capture device area is 72%-85%, and the vegetation coverage rate can reach 20%-30% in 2-3 years.
  • the capture device With the capture device as the center, a patchy vegetation restoration area with an expanding area is formed, which significantly improves the vegetation coverage on the ground.

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Abstract

一种滨海滩涂盐碱裸地用种子捕获装置及其应用，该滨海滩涂盐碱裸地用种子捕获装置包括固定支架（1），所述固定支架（1）呈喇叭口状，顶面为拱形，其他三面为平面，且固定支架（1）底边上均匀安装有插入钉；固定支架（1）内构建有捕获网体（2），捕获网体（2）的前端上侧设置有挡栅帽沿（4）；捕获网体（2）的底面与地面的未扰动处均匀分布有生物炭包（3），生物炭包（3）上覆盖有土，且生物炭包（3）的布设总面积为捕获网体（2）底面面积的8-15％。该装置设计合理，显著改变了地表粗糙度，调节了水分和盐分的运移，有效改善了土壤单体营养元素条件，种子截留效果好，灌草幼苗保存率和植被覆盖率显著提高。

Description

一种滨海滩涂盐碱裸地用种子捕获装置及其应用 (一)技术领域
本发明涉及滨海滩涂环境改善技术领域，特别涉及一种滨海滩涂盐碱裸地用种子捕获装置及其应用。
(二)背景技术
泥质海岸带滨海盐碱地区，由于地下水位浅及其矿化度较高，土壤次生盐渍化较重；同时地表平坦，植物种子难以被截留在土壤中，导致滨海盐碱地区出现大面积点状裸斑。在裸斑地域，地表无植被覆盖，蒸发量较大，地表盐分积累严重，导致盐碱地区裸斑地块地表植被难以定植，种子发芽困难。随着时间推移，裸斑区域呈现面积由小到大的增加趋势。
为改善滨海盐碱地裸斑地块植物少、种子定植较难的情况，构建植物种子捕获装置，并在此基础上，研发改善捕获区微生境土壤营养提升技术，达到丰富盐碱裸斑捕获区本土植物种子库，建立先锋植物群落已成为现在亟待解决的问题，从而进一步提升滨海盐碱地植被覆盖率，加快滨海盐碱裸斑地植物群落的恢复进程。
(三)发明内容
本发明为了弥补现有技术的不足，提供了一种设计合理、改善土壤条件、提高种子截留率的滨海滩涂盐碱裸地用种子捕获装置及其应用。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的：
一种滨海滩涂盐碱裸地用种子捕获装置，包括固定支架，其特征在于：所述固定支架呈喇叭口状，顶面为拱形，其他三面为平面，且固定支架底边上均匀安装有插入钉；固定支架内构建有捕获网体，捕获网体的前端上侧设置有挡栅帽沿；捕获网体的底面与地面的未扰动处均匀分布有生物炭包，生物炭包上覆盖有土，且生物炭包的布设总面积为捕获网体底面面积的8-15％。
本发明通过生物炭微生境改良土壤和种子捕获装置的设置，提高捕获区范围内土壤N、P等营养元素含量，捕获灌木和草本等植被种子，为滨海盐碱裸斑种子的滞留和贮存提供条件；实现捕获区范围内土壤理化性质的改善，有利于种子发芽及幼苗生长，以提高滨海滩涂的植被覆盖率和植物生产力。
本发明的更优技术方案为：
所述固定支架长50-60cm，前端开口宽40cm，拱高31-35cm，插入钉长10cm；用于固定整个捕获装置。
所述捕获网体的底部网孔孔径为2.0cm，其他三面的网孔孔径小于0.5mm，网孔小且密集，种子捕获后不易流失，底部网孔较大，用于增加土壤表面粗糙度，提高种子在捕获器内的分散程度。
所述生物炭包长5cm，宽5cm，厚3mm；生物炭包的包装材料为无纺布，其内部材料为质量比为3:7的EM菌和生物质炭的混合物，每包10-12g；生物炭包的布设总面积为捕获网体底面面积的10％，起到改善土壤通气性和提高土壤养分的作用。
所述挡栅帽沿的高度为5-8cm，对捕获种子起到遮挡作用，利于种子下落贮存。
所述生物质炭为柽柳枝条和叶片经清洗、切割后烘干，再经粉碎、过筛后于马弗炉中热解所得。
具体的制备步骤为：柽柳枝条和叶片用去离子水清洗后切割至2-3cm，放入烘箱中于65℃下烘干48h，经研磨式粉碎机磨粉，过2mm筛后密封备用；将备用的样品置于瓷坩埚中，放入400℃马弗炉中热解1h，制备得到生物炭；将生物炭用去离子水清洗、干燥后封装保存。
上述种子捕获装置的应用方式为：在泥质海岸带滨海滩涂盐碱地区植物种子成熟前期，将种子捕获装置安装于盐碱裸斑地块，种子捕获装置的网口按常规八方位风向设置，单个装置间隔距离为2.0-2.5m；在种子捕获装置的底部随机间隔挖掘捕获凹体并随机间隔堆积阻挡凸体，捕获凹体控制扰动捕获网体底面面积的30-35％，阻挡凸体控制扰动捕获网体底面面积的25-30％。
1-2年后种子捕获装置自然风化，与发芽定植植物一起进一步改变地表粗糙度，起到自然截留植物种子的作用。
优选的是，捕获凹体的深度为10cm、面积不等，阻挡凸体的堆积高度为15-20cm。
优选的是，种子捕获装置的固定框架采用粗度为1.0-1.2cm的柽柳枝条，捕获网体的材料粗度为0.5-0.8cm的芦苇和互花米草的地上部分，该地上部分经收割、清水浸泡5-8h后编织为捕获网体；实现就地取材，提高当地植物资源的利用效率，还能有效控制互花米草的入侵。
本发明设计合理，显著改变了地表粗糙度，调节了水分和盐分的运移，有效改善了土壤单体的营养元素条件，种子截留效果好，灌草幼苗保存率和植被覆盖率显著提高。
(四)附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
图1为本发明的主视结构示意图；
图2为本发明的左视结构示意图；
图3为本发明的俯视结构示意图；
图4为本发明的三维结构示意图；
图5为柽柳基生物炭10000倍下的SEM扫描电镜图；
图6为柽柳基生物炭2000倍下的SEM扫描电镜图；
图7为柽柳基生物炭200倍下的SEM扫描电镜图；
图8为柽柳基生物炭的FTIR红外图谱；
图9为柽柳基生物炭的XRD图谱；
图10为柽柳基生物炭对不同盐度土壤的有效磷含量影响对比图；
图11为柽柳基生物炭对不同盐度土壤氨氮的影响对比图。
图中，1固定支架，2捕获网体，3生物炭包，4挡栅帽沿。
(五)具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施例，并参照附图，对本发明进一步详细说明。
实施例1：
(1)实施地段的主要生境特征
泥质海岸带滨海滩涂盐碱地本土植被类型较多，包括柽柳、碱蓬、芦苇等多种植被类型。滨海滩涂裸斑地区，地势平坦，在春季和秋季的主要返盐时期，10cm土壤含盐量在1.5％-2.0％之间；在非返盐时期，10cm土壤含盐量在0.7％-1.2％之间。本发明实施生境，在泥质海岸带滨海滩涂土壤处于中度、重度盐碱裸斑地区，10cm土壤含盐量在0.6％-1.6％之间，盐碱裸斑周围3-5km范围内存在一定的植被群落，具备一定的种子潜在来源。
(2)种子捕获装置的研发技术
该种子捕获装置主要有四部分构成(如图1-4所示)，分别为固定支架1、捕获网体2、生物炭包3及挡棚帽沿4。
固定支架1：主要用于固定整个捕获装置，固定支架1长50-60cm，宽40cm，拱高30-35cm，地面插入钉高10cm。
捕获网体2：捕获网体2规格参数，高30-35cm，外部网孔＜0.5mm，底部网孔较疏，孔径约2.0cm左右。主要功能：外部网孔小且密集，种子捕获后，不易流失；底部网孔较大，用于增加土壤表面粗糙度，提高种子在捕获装置内的分散程度。
捕获网体2底部地表粗糙度设置技术：网体底部需挖掘面积不等、深度10cm左右的 随机捕获凹体，捕获凹体控制扰动捕获网体2底部总面积在30％-35％；同时，堆积15-20cm高度不等的随机阻挡凸体，阻挡凸体控制扰动捕获网体2底部面积在25％-30％；捕获凹体、阻挡凸体、生物炭包及网体底面共同改变地表粗糙度，可形成地表粗糙度不同的微地形生境，可为种子捕获后形成适宜发芽生长的微生境。
生物炭包3：生物炭包3规格参数：长5cm，宽5cm，厚3mm。生物炭包3材料配置为EM菌和生物质炭，其质量比为3：7，每包在10-12g；生物质炭以当地本土植物柽柳为主要原料制作。将生物炭包3置于捕获网体2底部，具体放置位置为捕获凹体和平坦地面未扰动处，生物炭包3上覆土2-3cm厚，总共布设面积占捕获网体2底部面积的10％左右(约4-5个生物炭包3)，以起到改善土壤通气性和提高土壤养分的作用。
挡棚帽沿4：对应设置于捕获网体2前端上侧，高度为5-8cm，对捕获种子起到遮挡作用，利于种子下落贮存。
(3)种子捕获装置所需可降解材料
为实现就地取材，提高当地植物资源的利用效率，又能有效控制互花米草的入侵。该种子捕获装置原材料采用当地乡土植物材料芦苇和入侵植物互花米草的地上部分，网绳粗度在0.5-0.8cm；固定支架1部分采用当地原材料柽柳枝条，枝条粗度在1.0-1.2cm；经清水浸泡收割后的芦苇和互花米草地上部分5-8h后，可按设置好的捕获装置规格参数进行编制。
(4)种子捕获装置定植技术
在8-9月，泥质海岸带滨海滩涂盐碱地区植物种子成熟前期，将种子捕获装置安置于盐碱裸斑地块，网口需按常规八方位风向设置，单个装置间隔距离为2.0-2.5m。1-2年后种子截留装置自然风化，与发芽定植植物一起进一步改变地表粗糙度，起到自然截留植物种子的作用。
(5)生物炭包3制备技术
将柽柳枝条和叶片用去离子水仔细清洗后切割至2-3cm，放入烘箱中65℃烘干48h，经研磨式粉碎机磨粉，过2mm筛后密封备用。称取一定质量的样品于瓷坩埚中，放入400℃马弗炉中热解1h，保证充足的反应时间使热解充分。将制备出的生物炭用去离子水反复清洗，直至盐分全部脱掉，干燥后封装保存，作为生物炭包3的主要成分。生物炭包3的包装材料为无纺布材质，可自然降解，降解后后其成分无害。
实施例2：柽柳基生物炭表面形貌及官能团分析
(1)表面形貌(SEM)分析
从扫描电镜图5-7可知，在400℃下制造的柽柳生物质炭表面不光滑，呈现山丘状凹凸的表 面形貌，表面基本没有发生裂痕和孔，表面呈凹凸形貌，内部孔隙结构丰富。
(2)红外光谱(FT-IR)分析
由图8可知，柽柳基生物质炭红外光谱吸收峰在615、673、1128、1593、2920、3402cm -1附近。另外在769-831cm -1、1345-1463cm -1处有几个连续的小峰值。从红外光谱图8分析可知，400℃柽柳生物质炭主要含有硝基、仲胺、叔胺、酚羟基、芳香族基团等官能团。
(3)XRD测定分析
柽柳属于泌盐植物，细胞内含有大量的盐分，其衍射图谱含有明显的衍射峰，与非泌盐植物相比较，衍射峰数量多，强度大。其衍射图谱与盐活化过的活性炭图谱类似，也说明表面留有较多的盐。
如附图9所示，400℃下制作的柽柳基生物质炭在2θ＝25°和2θ＝45°附近具有两个比较宽的肩峰，说明400℃制备的柽柳生物质炭属于石墨微晶(002)晶面，说明含有乱层化的类石墨晶型结构。
实施例3：生物炭包材料对不同盐度土壤有效磷及氨氮的影响
土壤采用黄河三角洲滨海盐渍土，土壤pH为8.1-8.3，初始盐度0.34％，总磷2.52g/kg，有效磷20.8mg/kg，氨氮3.01mg/kg。生物炭包材料配置采用EM菌及生物质炭，其质量比为3:7，将制备的微生物炭包材料以2％的添加比例，与土壤混合。土壤盐度模拟中度至重度盐碱土壤，盐度用NaCl进行调节，盐度分别设置为0.5％、0.8％、1.1％、1.4％及1.7％。将各处理组置于人工气候箱，温度28℃，处理时间40d。结果如下图10及图11。
添加生物质炭包的盐渍土壤，其有效磷含量都有显著的提高。不同盐度之间有效磷含量并无显著差异(P＞0.05)。重度盐渍土壤中，0.8％盐度的有效磷含量增加至38.56mg/kg，与对照相比，增加了80.49％，显著提高了盐碱地有效磷的含量，为植物提供了充足的磷元素。
添加生物质炭包材料，能显著提高盐渍土壤氨氮含量。随着盐度从中度到重度的增长过程中，盐度增加趋势非常显著，0.5％-1.1％盐度下的土壤氨氮含量无显著差异(P＞0.05)；当盐度增加至1.4％时，氨氮含量高达28.83mg/kg，差异显著(P＜0.05)；而盐度增加至1.7％，其氨氮含量又显著提高，达到37.37mg/kg。
综上所述，400℃制备的柽柳基生物质炭与EM菌配比的生物炭包材料能够显著提高土壤氨氮及有效磷的含量，而这两种物质是植物生长发育所必须的营养元素。
实施例4：野外实施效果分析
(1)土壤NP营养素条件得到改善
种子捕获装置安置后，由于捕获凹体、阻挡凸体及捕获网体本身的绳子粗度，显著改变了地表粗糙度，调节了水分和盐分的运移；结合微型生物炭包的使用，捕获凹体的土壤含水量增加15％-20％，盐分过多聚集在阻挡凸体的顶部表面，含盐量比原平坦地带增加7％左右；有生物炭包覆盖区域，土壤速效N、P养分含量增加20％-24％，为植物种子萌发及生长提供了初级阶段所需营养。
(2)种子截留效果好，灌草幼苗保存率和植被覆盖率显著提高
滨海滩涂盐碱裸斑捕获装置安置后，依靠水流、风力形成的作用力，可较好滞留、贮存周围地带的植物种子，捕获凹体及平坦地带生物炭包设置处，形成以典型盐生植物柽柳、芦苇和碱篷等为主的乡土植物。整个捕获装置区幼苗保存率在72％-85％，2-3年植被覆盖率可达20％-30％。以捕获装置为中心，形成面积不断扩大的斑块状植被恢复区，显著提高了地表植被覆盖率。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种滨海滩涂盐碱裸地用种子捕获装置，包括固定支架(1)，其特征在于：所述固定支架(1)呈喇叭口状，顶面为拱形，其他三面为平面，且固定支架(1)底边上均匀安装有插入钉；固定支架(1)内构建有捕获网体(2)，捕获网体(2)的前端上侧设置有挡栅帽沿(4)；捕获网体(2)的底面与地面的未扰动处均匀分布有生物炭包(3)，生物炭包(3)上覆盖有土，且生物炭包(3)的布设总面积为捕获网体(2)底面面积的8-15％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的滨海滩涂盐碱裸地用种子捕获装置，其特征在于：所述固定支架(1)长50-60cm，前端开口宽40cm，拱高31-35cm，插入钉长10cm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的滨海滩涂盐碱裸地用种子捕获装置，其特征在于：所述捕获网体(2)的底部网孔孔径为2.0cm，其他三面的网孔孔径小于0.5mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的滨海滩涂盐碱裸地用种子捕获装置，其特征在于：所述生物炭包(3)长5cm，宽5cm，厚3mm；生物炭包(3)的包装材料为无纺布，其内部材料为质量比为3:7的EM菌和生物质炭的混合物，每包10-12g；生物炭包(3)的布设总面积为捕获网体(2)底面面积的10％。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的滨海滩涂盐碱裸地用种子捕获装置，其特征在于：所述挡栅帽沿(4)的高度为5-8cm。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的滨海滩涂盐碱裸地用种子捕获装置，其特征在于：所述生物质炭为柽柳枝条和叶片经清洗、切割后烘干，再经粉碎、过筛后于马弗炉中热解所得。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的滨海滩涂盐碱裸地用种子捕获装置，其特征在于：所述柽柳枝条和叶片用去离子水清洗后切割至2-3cm，放入烘箱中于65℃下烘干48h，经研磨式粉碎机磨粉，过2mm筛后密封备用；将备用的样品置于瓷坩埚中，放入400℃马弗炉中热解1h，制备得到生物炭；将生物炭用去离子水清洗、干燥后封装保存。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的种子捕获装置的应用，其特征在于：在泥质海岸带滨海滩涂盐碱地区植物种子成熟前期，将种子捕获装置安装于盐碱裸斑地块，种子捕获装置的网口按常规八方位风向设置，单个装置间隔距离为2.0-2.5m；在种子捕获装置的底部随机间隔挖掘捕获凹体，并随机间隔堆积阻挡凸体，捕获凹体控制扰动捕获网体底面面积的30-35％，阻挡凸体控制扰动捕获网体底面面积的25-30％。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的种子捕获装置的应用，其特征在于：所述捕获凹体的深度为10cm，阻挡凸体的堆积高度为15-20cm。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的种子捕获装置的应用，其特征在于：所述种子捕获装置的固定框架采用粗度为1.0-1.2cm的柽柳枝条，捕获网体的材料粗度为0.5-0.8cm的芦苇和互花米草的 地上部分，该地上部分经收割、清水浸泡5-8h后编织为捕获网体。
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