WO2021253655A1 - 一种绳索取心钻具 - Google Patents

一种绳索取心钻具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021253655A1
WO2021253655A1 PCT/CN2020/115618 CN2020115618W WO2021253655A1 WO 2021253655 A1 WO2021253655 A1 WO 2021253655A1 CN 2020115618 W CN2020115618 W CN 2020115618W WO 2021253655 A1 WO2021253655 A1 WO 2021253655A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
core
elastic
sleeve
bearing
seat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/115618
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李鑫淼
梁健
李宽
尹浩
刘秀美
Original Assignee
中国地质科学院勘探技术研究所
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Application filed by 中国地质科学院勘探技术研究所 filed Critical 中国地质科学院勘探技术研究所
Priority to US17/418,265 priority Critical patent/US11326413B2/en
Publication of WO2021253655A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021253655A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels, core extractors
    • E21B25/02—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels, core extractors the core receiver being insertable into, or removable from, the borehole without withdrawing the drilling pipe
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels, core extractors
    • E21B25/02—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels, core extractors the core receiver being insertable into, or removable from, the borehole without withdrawing the drilling pipe
    • E21B25/04—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels, core extractors the core receiver being insertable into, or removable from, the borehole without withdrawing the drilling pipe the core receiver having a core forming cutting edge or element, e.g. punch type core barrels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels, core extractors
    • E21B25/10—Formed core retaining or severing means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/14—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by movement of tools, e.g. sleeve valves operated by pistons or wire line tools
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B2200/00—Special features related to earth drilling for obtaining oil, gas or water
    • E21B2200/06—Sleeve valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rope core drilling tool, in particular to a rope core drilling tool suitable for ultra-deep scientific drilling.
  • the rope coring method is widely used in geological prospecting, hydrogeology and engineering survey and other drilling engineering fields due to its advantages of high drilling efficiency, low cost and fewer drilling accidents.
  • the rope coring tool has become standardized, Serialization.
  • Extra-deep scientific drilling is a scientific exploration activity for conducting geological research through cores obtained by coring and reusing extra-deep holes.
  • extra-deep scientific drilling also choose rope core drilling technology. Affected by the drilling depth and the stratum structure, the drilling conditions at the bottom of the hole during the extra-deep scientific drilling construction process will be very complicated. Therefore, the rope core drilling tool needs to be reliable in use (including putting, in place, drilling, fishing, In order to meet the requirements of drilling technology and improve the strength of the drill pipe, it is also necessary to increase the drill pipe outer diameter, the outer tube wall thickness and the drill bit outer diameter. .
  • the existing rope core drilling tools have certain defects in the internal and external assembly coordination and the positioning of the internal assembly, in-position reporting, core blockage alarm, single-acting mechanism and core tube one-way valve, etc., which are mainly manifested in the following Several aspects: First, the cartridge positioning mechanism of the inner assembly adopts a single-point articulation method. When the core tube is blocked, the cartridge is prone to top death, resulting in the failure of the cartridge to be recovered and the salvage of the inner tube assembly. ; Second, the in-place reporting mechanism and core blockage alarm mechanism of the rope core drilling tool are independently set up.
  • the steel ball and the fixed ball seat are in a fit state when the surface is out of the core, which causes negative pressure inside the core tube, which increases the difficulty and time of the core; fourth, in the single-action mechanism, two sets of upper and lower are used Thrust ball bearing fits, and the outer diameter of the drill rod of the extra-deep hole drilling tool is enlarged during the design, and the corresponding drill bit lip surface is also enlarged.
  • the corresponding WOB increases during the drilling process of the drilling tool.
  • the acting force fed back to the upper thrust bearing increases at the same time.
  • the thrust ball bearing is prone to damage under the action of large loads and alternating stresses, resulting in single-action failure and causing core tubes to drill cores.
  • the retaining ring is an open elastic retaining ring placed in the annular groove of the circlip seat, which limits the axial position of the circlip, because the disassembly process requires more Time, the retaining ring is generally not used during on-site operation.
  • the circlip tightens the core and then moves up.
  • the end of the core tube is used to limit the position, which will easily cause the end of the core tube to wear and fail.
  • the present invention provides a rope core drilling tool, which aims to adopt a matching structure of an inner assembly and an outer assembly, a positioning mechanism in the inner assembly, an in-position reporting and core blockage alarm mechanism, a single-acting mechanism, and a core tube check valve mechanism Optimized design of core-breaking mechanism to improve the reliability of the rope core drilling tool, increase the strength of the drilling tool, and achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of core drilling and the quality of cores, and saving drilling costs.
  • a rope coring drill tool comprising an outer tube assembly and an inner tube assembly; the inner tube assembly is provided with a spring card positioning mechanism, an in-position report and a core blockage alarm mechanism, a single-acting mechanism, and a core sheet from top to bottom.
  • the valve mechanism, the core tube and the core breaking mechanism, the spring card positioning mechanism adopts a multi-point articulation method, the in-position signal and the core blockage alarm mechanism are integrated into one, and the single-acting mechanism adopts the upper and lower two sets of PDC bearings and the middle arrangement
  • the core check valve mechanism controls the opening and closing of the check valve through the cooperation of the steel ball and the liftable valve seat; the inner tube assembly is placed in the outer tube assembly when the drilling tool is drilled.
  • the inner tube assembly is lifted from the outer tube assembly to the ground through the salvage equipment; the outer tube assembly is provided with an elastic blocking head, an elastic clamping chamber, and an upper expansion that are assembled in sequence from top to bottom.
  • Hole device, outer tube, lower reamer and drill bit, a ring seat is embedded in the ring groove formed between the lower end of the cartridge chamber and the inner side wall of the upper reamer, and the lower end of the outer tube and the lower reamer
  • a centralizing ring is embedded in the ring groove formed between the inner side walls; the elastic locking head, the elastic locking chamber and the ring seat cooperate with the elastic locking positioning mechanism in the inner tube assembly to realize the lock of the inner tube assembly and the outer tube assembly Switch between stop state and unlock state.
  • the cartridge positioning mechanism of the inner tube assembly includes a spearhead assembly, a recovery tube, a cartridge holder, a cartridge limit block, a cartridge caliper, a cartridge seat and a support plate; the recovery tube The upper end is assembled with the spearhead assembly, a cartridge holder is set in the recovery pipe, and two caliper escape holes are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the recycling pipe; the cartridge holder is a sleeve with axially long holes on both sides, The bottom of the cartridge frame is fixedly assembled with the alarm mechanism for reporting and core blockage in place.
  • the cartridge limit block, cartridge caliper, cartridge seat and support plate are arranged in the cartridge frame, among which the cartridge limit block, cartridge caliper and support plate Each includes two symmetrical parts; the left and right parts of the elastic card limit block are hinged together by the hinged shaft of the elastic card limit block, and the two ends of the hinged shaft of the elastic card limit block are installed on the side wall of the recovery pipe, The left and right parts of the elastic card limit block are respectively hinged and assembled with the left and right parts of the elastic caliper; the left and right parts of the elastic caliper are hinged together by the elastic caliper hinge shaft, the elastic caliper hinge shaft is assembled with the elastic card seat, and the elastic caliper is in In the open state, the outer edges of its left and right parts pass through the elastic caliper avoidance holes on the side wall of the recovery tube, and are clamped in the card slot of the elastic card chamber of the outer tube assembly of the rope core drill; The central axis of the card frame moves up and down, and its lower end is in contact
  • the in-position reporting and core blockage alarm mechanism includes a valve core, a positioning sleeve, a valve stem, a water diversion sleeve, a lower limit block, an elastic jaw, a limit sleeve, a sliding sleeve, a torque transmission joint, and an adjustment Bolts and plugging alarm springs, and a high-pressure overflow circuit and a low-pressure overflow circuit connected to the mud pump are set in the drilling fluid circulation system;
  • the inner diameter of the upper part of the water jacket is matched; the upper end of the water diversion jacket is assembled with the elastic card positioning mechanism, and the lower end is connected with the single-acting mechanism through a torque transfer joint and an adjusting bolt.
  • valve stem is placed inside the water diversion jacket, and the annular space between the valve stem and the water diversion jacket is sequentially arranged from top to bottom with positioning sleeves, plugging alarm springs, lower limit blocks and elastic claws,
  • the valve stem moves up and down in the water diversion jacket, driving the valve core to realize the switching between the blocking and opening states of the flow hole on the water diversion jacket;
  • the sliding sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the elastic claw, between the sliding sleeve and the elastic claw Equipped with a limit sleeve, the elastic force of the elastic jaw is controlled by the limit sleeve.
  • the single-acting mechanism includes a spindle, an upper PDC bearing, a bearing protection cover, a single-acting joint, a TC bearing, a TC bearing limit component, a lower PDC bearing, a positioning half ring and a connecting sleeve;
  • the mandrel is fitted with the adjusting bolts of the in-position reporting and core blockage alarm mechanism, and the PDC bearing, single-action joint, TC bearing, TC bearing limit component, lower PDC bearing and positioning half ring are fitted on the outer surface of the mandrel;
  • the upper PDC bearing The upper and lower ends are provided with protective gaskets, and the bearing protection covers are provided on the outer surface of the upper PDC bearing and the protective gasket;
  • the single-action joint, the connecting sleeve, the upper PDC bearing, the TC bearing and the lower PDC bearing are fitted;
  • the connecting sleeve The lower end is fixedly connected with the core tube one-way valve mechanism.
  • the core tube check valve mechanism includes a core tube joint, a thrust sleeve, a liftable valve seat, a cylindrical pin and a steel ball;
  • a thrust sleeve is fitted outside the core tube joint, and two cylindrical pin avoiding holes are symmetrically arranged in the middle of the side wall of the core tube joint
  • the thrust sleeve is a cylindrical sleeve, and a cylindrical pin is fitted on the thrust sleeve; the two ends of the cylindrical pin pass through the cylindrical pin escape hole of the core pipe joint and are assembled with the pin hole provided on the side wall of the thrust sleeve;
  • the liftable valve seat is a sleeve with a conical closing at the lower end, which is placed in the inner hole of the core pipe joint and can move axially up and down.
  • the side wall of the liftable valve seat is provided with an axial long hole.
  • the axial long hole penetrates the drain hole at the lower part of the core pipe joint; the steel ball is placed in the liftable valve seat, and the steel ball and the conical shape at the lower end of the liftable valve seat The closing cooperates to realize the sealing function.
  • the core breaking mechanism is composed of a retaining ring, a circlip and a circlip seat;
  • the circlip seat is a sleeve fixedly connected to the lower end of the core tube, and the lower part of the inner side wall is matched with the circlip
  • the conical surface is equipped with a circlip in the circlip seat, and a circlip is arranged above the circlip;
  • the circlip is a closed ring structure, and the circlip is axially limited by the circlip.
  • a set of circumferentially arranged centralizing steel balls are fitted in the centralizing ring of the outer tube assembly, and a centralizing steel ball limit sleeve is arranged outside the centralizing steel balls.
  • the inner tube assembly can also realize the length adjustment function through the coordination of the adjustment bolt in the in-position reporting and core block alarm mechanism with the central axis of the single-acting mechanism.
  • the present invention provides a rope core drilling tool, which has the advantages of the matching structure of the inner assembly and the outer assembly, the positioning mechanism in the inner assembly, the position reporting and core block alarm mechanism, the single-acting mechanism and the core tube one-way valve mechanism.
  • Optimized design in which the positioning mechanism of the cartridge adopts a multi-point hinge method, which solves the problem of the top deadening of the cartridge caliper and the cartridge stopper when the core tube is blocked, so that the cartridge can be recovered inward, and the complex formation drilling process can be successfully completed.
  • the salvage operation of the middle and inner pipe assembly; the in-place reporting and core blockage alarm mechanism are integrated, which not only reduces the number of parts, but also avoids the phenomenon of single pipe during the drilling process, reduces core loss, and improves the in-place reporting and blockage.
  • the single-acting mechanism adopts the matching structure of the upper and lower two sets of PDC bearings and the TC bearing arranged in the middle, which solves the single-acting failure caused by the damage of the bearing under the action of large load and alternating stress, and avoids the core
  • the core check valve mechanism controls the opening and closing of the check valve through the cooperation of the steel ball and the liftable valve seat, which not only ensures the quality and the rate of core extraction, but also reduces the difficulty of core extraction , Shortening the time of the core operation
  • the core breaking mechanism adopts the annular retaining ring, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly. It can be seen that the present invention improves the use reliability of the rope core drilling tool, increases the strength of the drill tool, and achieves the purpose of improving the efficiency of core drilling and the quality of cores, and saving drilling costs.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the corded core drill according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the structure at P in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the positioning mechanism of the ammunition card
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the recovery tube in the cartridge positioning mechanism
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cartridge holder in the cartridge positioning mechanism
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the B-B cross-sectional structure in Fig. 5;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the elastic caliper, the elastic caliper limiting block, the elastic chuck seat and the support plate;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the working process of the card positioning mechanism
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of an alarm mechanism for reporting and core blockage in place
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the valve stem structure in the reporting and core blockage alarm mechanism in place
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water diversion jacket in the reporting and core block alarm mechanism in place;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the elastic jaw structure in the reporting and core blockage alarm mechanism in place
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of C-C in Fig. 12;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the in-position reporting and core-clogging alarm mechanism's working process
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the core clogging alarm working process of the in-place reporting and core clogging alarm mechanism
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a single-acting mechanism
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the core tube check valve mechanism
  • Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the core tube joint structure in the core tube check valve mechanism
  • Figure 19 is a side view of Figure 18;
  • Fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of D-D in Fig. 18;
  • Figure 21 is a structural schematic diagram of the transposition sleeve in the core tube check valve mechanism
  • Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of the E-E cross-sectional structure in Fig. 21;
  • Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the liftable valve seat in the core tube check valve mechanism
  • Figure 24 is a side view of Figure 23;
  • Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the working process of the core tube check valve mechanism
  • Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of a core breaking mechanism.
  • valve core, 2-2 positioning sleeve, 2-3, valve stem, 2-3-1, annular limit surface, 2-3-2, upper snap ring groove, 2-3-3 , Transition cone, 2-3-4, ring-shaped boss, 2-3-5, lower snap-on ring groove, 2-4, water diversion jacket, 2-4-1, flow hole, 2-4- 2.
  • 4-1 plug, 4-2, core pipe joint, 4-2-1, mounting tool clamping surface, 4-2-2, cylindrical pin avoiding hole, 4-2-3, high slot, 4- 2-4.
  • the present invention provides a corded core drill tool, which includes an outer tube assembly and an inner tube assembly; the inner tube assembly is sequentially provided with a spring card positioning mechanism 1 from top to bottom.
  • the single-acting mechanism 3 adopts the matching structure of the upper and lower two sets of PDC bearings and the TC bearing arranged in the middle
  • the core check valve mechanism 4 controls the check valve through the cooperation of the steel ball and the liftable valve seat Open and close;
  • the inner tube assembly is placed in the outer tube assembly when the drilling tool is drilling, and during the coring operation, the inner tube assembly is lifted from the outer tube assembly to the ground through the fishing equipment;
  • the outer tube assembly The cartridge stopper 7, the cartridge chamber 8, the upper reamer 9, the outer tube 11, the lower reamer 15
  • the ring seat 10 is embedded in the ring groove formed between the inner side walls of the reamer 9, and the centralizing ring 14 is embedded in the ring groove formed between the lower end of the outer tube 11 and the inner side wall of the lower reamer 15, and
  • the ring 14 is equipped with a set of circumferentially arranged centralizing steel balls 12, and at the same time, a centralizing steel ball limit sleeve 13 is set on the outside of the centralizing steel ball 12, so the core tube in the inner tube assembly can be adjusted by the centralizing steel ball 12 5 plays the role of righting, and can also reduce the frictional resistance between the outer tube 11 and the core tube 5, and ensure good single-action performance of the core tube 5, thereby reducing the wear and disturbance of the core tube 5 to the core, and improving the quality of core collection;
  • the cartridge stopper 7, the cartridge chamber 8 and the ring seat 10 in the tube assembly cooperate with the cartridge positioning mechanism 1 in the inner tube assembly to realize the locking and unlocking state of the inner tube assembly and the outer tube assembly State switching.
  • the cartridge positioning mechanism 1 of the inner tube assembly includes a spearhead assembly 1-1, a recovery tube 1-2, a cartridge holder 1-4, The elastic card limit block 1-5, the elastic caliper 1-6, the elastic card seat 1-7 and the support plate 1-8; 2.
  • the elastic card holder 1-4 is set in the middle, and two elastic caliper avoiding holes 1-2-3 are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the recovery pipe 1-2; the elastic card holder 1-4 is provided with axially long
  • the casing of holes 1-4-6, the bottom of the cartridge holder 1-4 and the in-position reporting and core block alarm mechanism 2 are fixedly assembled, and the cartridge limit block 1-5 and the cartridge caliper are arranged in the cartridge holder 1-4.
  • the two ends of the hinged shaft of the elastic card limit block are installed on the side wall of the recovery pipe 1-2.
  • the left and right parts of the elastic card limit block 1-5 are also connected to the elastic caliper 1 respectively.
  • the left and right parts are hinged and assembled; the left and right parts of the elastic caliper 1-6 are hinged together, and the hinge shaft of the elastic caliper is assembled with the elastic holder 1-7.
  • the elastic caliper 1-6 When the elastic caliper 1-6 is opened, the left and right parts of the outer side The edge passes through the elastic caliper escape hole 1-2-3 on the side wall of the recovery pipe 1-2, and is clamped in the card slot of the elastic card chamber 8 of the outer tube assembly of the rope core drill; the elastic card seat 1-7 It can move up and down along the central axis of the elastic card frame, and its lower end is in contact with the supporting plate 1-8; the left and right parts of the supporting plate 1-8 are hinged together, and the hinge shaft of the supporting plate is assembled with the elastic card frame 1-4, and the supporting plate The upper end of 1-8 is provided with a wedge-shaped surface 1-8-1 that is matched with the lower end of the elastic holder 1-7.
  • the side wall of the recovery tube 1-2 is also provided with a first assembly hole 1-2-1 and a second assembly hole 1-2-1.
  • the first assembling hole 1-2-1 is used to fit the elastic cylinder hinged between the recovery pipe 1-2 and the spearhead assembly 1-1 Pin B1;
  • the second assembly hole 1-2-2 is used to fit the articulated shaft B2 of the elastic card limit block;
  • the third assembly hole 1-2-4 is used to fit the lowering and recycling of the inner tube assembly
  • the recovery pipe guide pin B5 provides guidance for the upward and downward movement of the recovery pipe 1-2.
  • the elastic clip frame 1-4 is also provided with the elastic clip limit block hinged shaft to move up and down
  • the hinged shaft of the elastic card limit block moves up and down to avoid the hole 1-4-1, the elastic card seat moves up and down the limit pin mounting hole 1-4-2, the recovery pipe guide pin matching hole 1-4-3 and the support plate hinge installation
  • the shaft mounting holes 1-4-4 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom along the central axis of the cartridge frame 1-4.
  • the elastic caliper positioning mechanism of the inner tube assembly of the rope core drill tool of the present invention has the elastic calipers 1-6 in the open state, and the outer edges of the left and right parts of the elastic calipers 1-6 penetrate The elastic caliper escape hole 1-2-3 on the side wall of the recovery pipe 1-2 is clamped in the groove of the elastic clamping chamber 8 of the outer tube assembly of the rope core drill; the rope core drill according to the present invention
  • the elastic caliper positioning mechanism of the inner tube assembly is also provided with an elastic caliper reset assembly.
  • the elastic caliper reset assembly includes a pressure plate 1-3 and an elastic caliper return spring W1. The pressure plate 1-3 is fixed on the elastic caliper frame 1-4.
  • the elastic caliper return spring W1 is sleeved outside the elastic clip frame 1-4, and the upper and lower ends of the elastic caliper return spring W1 respectively collide with the pressure plate 1-3 and the elastic limit block hinge axis B2;
  • the seat 1-7 is provided with an elastic caliper mounting part and a vertical movement guide part.
  • the elastic caliper mounting part has a rectangular groove structure. The left and right parts of the elastic caliper 1-6 are allocated and installed in the rectangular groove.
  • a limit hole matched with the up and down movement limit pin B4 of the elastic card seat; the elastic card positioning mechanism of the inner tube assembly of the rope core drill according to the present invention is also provided with an elastic card seat return spring W2, the elastic card seat
  • the return spring W2 is set on the outside of the elastic card holder 1-4, and its upper and lower ends are respectively connected with the bottom surface of the elastic caliper mounting part of the elastic holder 1-7 and the annular stepped end surface 1-4 provided on the elastic card holder 1-4. -5 conflict.
  • the elastic card positioning mechanism of the inner tube assembly of the rope core drill according to the present invention has a recovery tube guide pin avoiding hole 1-8-2 in the middle of the support plate 1-8, which supports A support plate reset circlip W3 is also installed on the plates 1-8.
  • the elastic chuck positioning mechanism 1 of the inner tube assembly of the rope core drill tool of the present invention is used to salvage the inner caliper when the elastic caliper 6 does not end up in the process of drilling in a complete formation.
  • the elastic calipers 1-6 can rotate into the cartridge holders 1-4 when the pipe is released.
  • the elastic caliper 1 -6 receives the upward thrust, the elastic caliper 1-6 and the outer tube assembly are hit by the bullet stopper 7 to die, and then the elastic caliper 1-6 and the elastic card seat 1-7 move down under force to squeeze the support plate 1- 8 Open the left and right parts to both sides until the bottom edge of the guide pin of the recovery pipe on the support plate 1-8 avoids the lower edge of the hole 1-8-2 in contact with the guide pin B5 of the recovery pipe, and the elastic holder 1- is limited by the support plate 1-8.
  • the salvage of the inner tube assembly is realized (as shown in state IV in Fig. 8).
  • the rope core drilling tool of the present invention has an internal pipe assembly reporting and core blockage alarm mechanism 2 including a valve core 2-1, a positioning sleeve 2-2, and a valve stem 2-3 , Water divider 2-4, lower limit block 2-5, elastic jaw 2-8, limit sleeve 2-7, sliding sleeve 2-9, torque transfer joint 2-11, adjusting bolt 2-10 and plugging Alarm spring W4, and a high-pressure overflow circuit and a low-pressure overflow circuit connected to the mud pump are arranged in the drilling fluid circulation system, and a high-pressure switch valve and a high-pressure overflow valve are provided in the high-pressure overflow circuit.
  • an internal pipe assembly reporting and core blockage alarm mechanism 2 including a valve core 2-1, a positioning sleeve 2-2, and a valve stem 2-3 , Water divider 2-4, lower limit block 2-5, elastic jaw 2-8, limit sleeve 2-7, sliding sleeve 2-9, torque transfer joint 2-11, adjusting bolt 2-10 and plugging
  • a low-pressure switch valve and a low-pressure relief valve are provided in the flow circuit;
  • the valve core 2-1 is a plunger fixed on the upper end of the valve stem 2-3, and the diameter of the outer cylindrical surface matches the inner diameter of the upper part of the water diversion jacket 2-4
  • the upper end of the water diversion jacket 2-4 is assembled with the elastic card positioning mechanism 1, and the lower end is connected with the single-acting mechanism 3 through the torque transfer joint 2-11 and the adjusting bolt 2-10, on the side wall of the upper end of the water diversion jacket 2-4
  • the valve stem 2-3 is placed inside the water diversion jacket 2-4, between the valve stem 2-3 and the water diversion jacket 2-4
  • Positioning sleeve 2-2, core-blocking alarm spring W4, lower limit block 2-5 and elastic claw 2-8 are arranged in the annulus from top to bottom.
  • the valve stem 2-3 can move up and down in the water diversion sleeve 2-4 , Drive the valve core 2-1 to realize the switching of the blocking and opening states of the over-flow hole 2-4-1 on the water diversion jacket 2-4; the sliding sleeve 2-9 is sleeved on the outside of the elastic jaw 2-8, A limit sleeve 2-7 is installed between the sliding sleeve 2-9 and the elastic jaw 2-8, and the elastic force of the elastic jaw 2-8 is controlled by the limit sleeve 2-7.
  • valve stem 2-3 in its in-position reporting and core blockage alarm mechanism 2, is a variable cross-section cylindrical rod, and the valve stem 2-3 is The middle part is provided with an annular limit surface 2-3-1 that cooperates with the lower limit block 2-5, and an upper clamping ring groove 2-3-2 and a transition are arranged in the lower half of the valve stem 2-3 from top to bottom. Cone surface 2-3-3, annular boss 2-3-4 and lower clamping ring groove 2-3-5.
  • the inner wall of the water diversion jacket 2-4 is provided with a positioning sleeve 2-2
  • the positioning boss 2-4-2, the positioning boss 2-4-2 is located below the flow hole 2-4-1.
  • the elastic jaws 2-8 are provided with a disc-shaped flange 2 on the upper end.
  • -8-1 casing the lower end of the casing is divided into several jaw monomers 2-8-2 through a set of evenly arranged cutting slits 2-8-3, and each jaw monomer 2-8 -2
  • the chuck 2-8-4 with spherical structure is set at the lower end.
  • the rope core drilling tool has a set of adjusting sleeves 2-6 for adjusting the upper and lower positions of the limit sleeves 2-7 in its in-position reporting and core blockage alarm mechanism 2.
  • a clamping platform is set on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 2-9, and the adjusting sleeve 2-6 is sleeved on the outside of the elastic claw 2-8 in a clearance fit manner, and is arranged on the disc-shaped flange 2-8 of the elastic claw 2-8. Between -1 and the card table of the sliding sleeve 2-9.
  • the rope core drilling tool of the present invention its in-place reporting and core clogging alarm mechanism 2 in-place reporting work process is: set the overflow pressure value of the high-pressure overflow loop to PA, and the low-pressure overflow loop
  • the overflow pressure value is PB
  • the mud pump pressure is mainly the resistance when the drilling fluid circulates in the hole during drilling.
  • Set this pressure value to PC
  • the valve stem 2-3 has an annular convexity under the action of the mud pump pressure.
  • the table 2-3-4 can pass through the inner hole enclosed by the chuck 2-8-4 at the lower end of the elastic jaw 2-8, and the corresponding mud pump pressure value at this time is set to PD.
  • the arrow of the line is the direction of the resultant force of the drilling fluid on the valve stem 2-3); after the inner pipe assembly is put in place (that is, the suspension ring 1-9 is in contact with the ring seat 10 and is in place), the lower clamp of the valve stem 2-3
  • the ring groove 2-3-5 is in contact with the chuck 2-8-4 of the elastic jaw 2-8, and the position of the valve core 2-1 will be the flow hole 2-4 connected with the drilling fluid flow channel inside the drilling tool -1 Blocking (as shown in state II in Figure 14), at this time the mud pump starts to hold back pressure, because PD>PB>PC, the pressure relief valve in the low pressure relief circuit connected to the mud pump overflows and relieves the pressure.
  • the surface phenomenon is obvious and continuous, and the value of the pump pressure gauge gradually increases to PB during this process.
  • the operator can judge that the inner pipe assembly is in place through the phenomenon of surface overflow and the value change of the pump pressure gauge.
  • the mud pump is controlled to stop running, close the low-pressure switch valve in the low-pressure overflow circuit, open the high-pressure switch valve in the high-pressure overflow circuit, and turn on the mud pump again.
  • PA>PD under the action of the mud pump pressure, the spool 2 -1.
  • valve stem 2-3 moves down under force, and the elastic jaws 2-8 open under force until the annular boss 2-3-4 of the valve stem 2-3 and the transitional cone surface 2-3-3 in turn Pass through the 2-8-2 part of the chuck, and the chuck 2-8-2 is clamped to the upper clamping ring groove 2-3-2 of the valve stem 2-3 (this process is shown in the state III in Figure 14) At this time, the elastic jaws 2-8 are in an open state.
  • the valve core 2-1 contacts the positioning sleeve 2-2 the drilling fluid flow channel inside the drilling tool is opened (as shown in the state IV in Figure 14), and the surface phenomenon is The drilling fluid is returned from the orifice and is continuous.
  • the reading of the pump pressure gauge shows that it increases to PD and then decreases to PC.
  • the operator can conduct a comprehensive analysis of the above two phenomena to reconfirm the position of the inner pipe assembly , Make an accurate judgment, and then start core drilling.
  • the circulating pressure PC gradually increases, so it is necessary to gradually increase the values of PA, PB, and PD.
  • PA and PB can be adjusted by the setting values of the high pressure relief valve and the low pressure relief valve.
  • PD adjustment is to adjust the relative position of the limit sleeve 2-7 and the adjustment sleeve 2-6 to change the length of the effective bending arm of the elastic jaw 2-8, so as to realize the drilling that matches the elastic force of the elastic jaw 2-8. Adjustment of hydraulic pressure.
  • the rope core drilling tool of the present invention its in-place reporting and core clogging alarm mechanism 2 core clogging alarm working process is: the low-pressure switch valve in the low-pressure overflow circuit is closed during the normal drilling of the drilling tool State, the high-pressure switch valve in the high-pressure overflow circuit is in the open state. After the core tube is plugged, the upward pressure of the core tube is transferred to the plugging through the adjusting bolt 2-10, the sliding sleeve 2-9, and the lower limit block 2-5.
  • the core alarm spring W4 compresses it, and at the same time drives the valve core 2-1 and the valve stem 2-3 to move up, and the valve core 2-1 pairs the overflow hole 2 on the water diversion jacket 2-4 connected with the drilling fluid channel.
  • the single-acting mechanism 3 of the rope core drilling tool of the present invention includes a spindle 3-1, an upper PDC bearing 3-3, a bearing protection cover 3-5, a single-acting joint 3-6, and a TC bearing 3-7, TC bearing limit component 3-8, lower PDC bearing 3-4, positioning half ring 3-9 and connecting sleeve 3-10;
  • the mandrel 3-1 is in position with the signal and core blockage alarm mechanism 2
  • the adjusting bolt 2-10 is fixed and assembled, and the PDC bearing 3-3, the single-action joint 3-6, the TC bearing 3-7, the TC bearing limit part 3-8, and the lower PDC bearing 3-4 are set on the outside of the spindle 3-1 And the positioning half ring 3-9;
  • the upper and lower ends of the upper PDC bearing 3-3 are provided with protective gaskets 3-2, and the upper PDC bearing 3-3 and the protective gasket 3-2 are provided with a bearing protective cover 3- 5;
  • the core tube check valve mechanism 4 of the rope core drilling tool of the present invention includes a core tube joint 4-2, a thrust sleeve 4-3, and a liftable valve seat 4 5.
  • the core pipe joint 4-2 is provided with an inner hole 4-2-7 penetrating from top to bottom and a drain hole 4-2-4 perpendicular to the inner hole.
  • the upper and lower ends are respectively assembled with the single-acting mechanism 3 and the core tube 5, a thrust sleeve 4-3 is fitted on the core tube joint 4-2, and two cylinders are symmetrically arranged in the middle of the side wall of the core tube joint 4-2 Pin avoidance hole 4-2-2; the thrust sleeve 4-3 is a cylindrical sleeve, and a cylindrical pin 4-7 is fitted on the thrust sleeve 4-3; both ends of the cylindrical pin 4-7 pass through the core tube
  • the cylindrical pin avoiding hole 4-2-2 of the joint 4-2 is assembled with the pin hole provided on the side wall of the thrust sleeve 4-3; the lower end of the liftable valve seat 4-5 is provided with a conical closing 4-5
  • the casing of -2 is placed in the inner hole 4-2-7 of the core pipe joint 4-2 and can move up and down in the axial direction.
  • the side wall of the liftable valve seat 4-5 is provided with an axial long hole 4 -5-1, when the liftable valve seat 4-5 is in the lower position, the axial long hole 4-5-1 is connected to the drain hole 4-2-4 at the lower part of the core pipe joint; the steel ball 4-8 Placed in the liftable valve seat 4-5, the steel ball cooperates with the conical closing 4-5-2 at the lower end of the liftable valve seat 4-5 to realize the sealing function.
  • the core tube check valve mechanism 4 of the rope core drilling tool of the present invention is also provided with a liftable valve seat positioning assembly
  • the liftable valve seat positioning assembly includes a shift sleeve 4-4 and an axial slot set on the outer wall of the core pipe joint 4-2,
  • the transposition sleeve 4-4 is sleeved on the outside of the core pipe joint 4-2, located below the thrust sleeve 4-3
  • the outer wall of the transposition sleeve 4-4 is provided with a ring-shaped holding groove 4-4-1, and the side walls of the transposition sleeve 4-4 are symmetrically arranged to match the axial slots on the outer wall of the core pipe joint 4-2
  • the axial slot provided on the outer wall of the core pipe joint 4-2 includes two groups, one of which is located above the drain hole 4-2-4
  • the high-position slot 4-2-3, and the other group is the low-position slot 4-2-5 at a 90° rotation angle with the
  • the core tube check valve mechanism 4 of the rope core drilling tool of the present invention is also provided with a liftable valve seat reset and compression assembly.
  • the liftable valve seat reset and press The tightening component includes a liftable valve seat return spring W5 and a plug 4-1; the plug 4-1 is fixed on the upper end of the core pipe joint 4-2 by a threaded connection; the liftable valve seat return spring W5 It is sleeved in the inner hole 4-2-7 of the core pipe joint 4-2, and is installed between the bottom surface of the plug 4-1 and the upper end surface of the liftable valve seat 4-5 in a pre-compression manner.
  • the core tube check valve mechanism 4 of the rope core drilling tool of the present invention works as follows: during the drilling process of the rope core drilling tool, the cylindrical pin 4 installed on the thrust sleeve 4-3 -7 is mounted on the bottom of the cylindrical pin avoiding hole 4-2-2 of the core pipe joint 4-2, and the two positioning inserts 4-4-2 of the transposition sleeve 4-4 are clamped into the two core pipe joints 4-2 In the lower slot 4-2-5, the liftable valve seat 4-5 is in the low position under the action of the gravity of itself and the steel ball 4-8, and the liftable valve seat return spring W5 pre-compression force.
  • the core tube 5 is Blocking, as the core enters the core tube 5, push the steel ball 4-8 upward to separate from the liftable valve seat 4-5 conical closing 2-5-2, the one-way valve is opened, and the core tube 5 is flushed The liquid is removed.
  • the steel ball 4-8 falls back to the conical closing 4-5-2 of the liftable valve seat 4-5, the one-way valve is closed, and the core in the pipe is in a closed protection. ⁇ State.
  • the liftable valve seat 4-5 of the core tube check valve mechanism 4 that is salvaged to the ground is in the low position, and the steel ball 4-8 is located at the conical closing of the liftable valve seat 4-5
  • the one-way valve is closed, and the two positioning inserts 4-4-2 of the transposition sleeve 4-4 are snapped into the two lower slots 4-2-5 of the core pipe joint 4-2 ( As shown in state I in Figure 25); the operator can move the thrust sleeve 4-3 upward with one hand, and the cylindrical pin 4-7 is driven by the thrust sleeve 4-3 to move to the top of the cylindrical pin avoiding hole 4-2-2.
  • the core-breaking mechanism 6 of the rope core drill of the present invention is composed of a retaining ring 6-1, a circlip 6-2 and a circlip seat 6-3; the circlip seat 6-3 is The casing is fixedly connected to the lower end of the core tube 5, and the lower part of the inner side wall is a conical surface matched with the circlip.
  • the circlip 6-2 is equipped with the circlip 6-2, and the circlip 6-2 is arranged above the circlip 6-2.
  • the retaining ring 6-1 is a closed ring structure, and the retaining ring 6-1 is used to axially limit the circlip 6-2.
  • the inner tube assembly can also cooperate with the central axis 3-1 of the single-acting mechanism 3 through the adjustment bolts 2-10 in the in-position reporting and core block alarm mechanism 2. Realize the length adjustment function.

Abstract

一种绳索取心钻具，包括外管总成和内管总成；内管总成设置弹卡定位机构（1）、到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构（2）、单动机构（3）、岩心单向阀机构（4）、岩心管（5）和断心机构（6），弹卡定位机构（1）采用多点铰接方式，到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构（2）集成为一体，单动机构（3）采用上下两组PDC轴承与中间布置的TC轴承配合结构，岩心单向阀机构（4）通过钢球与可升降式阀座的配合控制单向阀的开闭；外管总成设有弹卡挡头（7）、弹卡室（8）、上扩孔器（9）、外管（11）、下扩孔器（15）和钻头（16），在弹卡室（8）下端与上扩孔器（9）内侧壁之间形成的环槽中嵌装环座（10），在外管（11）下端与下扩孔器（15）内侧壁之间形成的环槽中嵌装扶正环（14）。可提高取心钻进效率和岩心采取质量，达到节省钻探成本的目的。

Description

一种绳索取心钻具 技术领域
本发明涉及一种绳索取心钻具，尤其是一种适用于特深科学钻探的绳索取心钻具。
背景技术
为掌握地下地质情况，人们通常采用钻探取心的方式来获得真实可靠的地下岩层资料。绳索取心方法以其钻进效率高、成本低、钻孔事故少等优点被广泛应用于地质勘探、水文地质和工程勘察等多种钻进工程领域，目前绳索取心钻具已形成标准化、系列化。
特深科学钻探是通过特深孔取心、再利用获取的岩心开展地质学研究的一种科学探索活动，为了提高取心钻进效率及岩心采取质量，同时为节省钻探成本，特深科学钻探亦选择绳索取心钻进工艺。受钻孔深度及地层结构的影响，在特深科学钻探施工过程中孔底钻进工况会十分复杂，因此绳索取心钻具需在使用可靠性(包括投放、到位、钻进、打捞、地表出心等各个环节的可靠性)方面做出更为优化的设计，同时为满足钻进工艺需求，提高钻杆的强度，还需要增大钻杆外径、外管壁厚和钻头外径。但是现有绳索取心钻具在内外总成配合及内总成的定位、到位报信、岩心堵塞报警、单动机构和岩心管单向阀等零部件结构中均存在一定缺陷，主要表现在以下几个方面：第一，内总成的弹卡定位机构采用单点铰接方式，在发生岩心管堵心情况时，易出现弹卡顶死现象，导致弹卡不能回收，内管总成打捞失败；第二，绳索取心钻具的到位报信机构和岩心堵塞报警机构独立设置，不仅零部件数量多，而且到位报信及堵心报警提示可靠性差,受到位报信机构和岩心堵塞报警机构结构限制，存在钻进过程中打单管现象、岩心损耗大等问题；第三，在岩心管单向阀机构中采用钢球与固定式阀座配合的方式，由于阀座与钢球配合的内锥度较小，地表出心作业时钢球与固定式球座处于贴合状态，造成岩心管内部负压，增加了出心难度和作业时间；第四，在单动机构中，采用上、下两组推力球轴承配合方式，而特深孔 钻具的钻杆外径在设计时加大了尺寸，相应的钻头唇面也加大，钻具钻进过程中相应的钻压增大，堵心时反馈至上推力轴承的作用力同时增大，另外由于孔底作业工况复杂，推力球轴承在大载荷、交变应力的作用下极易发生损坏，导致单动失效，造成岩心管对钻取岩心的磨损及扰动；第五，在断心机构中，挡圈为置于卡簧座环形槽内的开口式弹性挡圈，对卡簧进行轴向限位，由于其拆卸过程需耗费较多的时间，现场操作时一般不使用挡圈，钻进过程中卡簧箍紧岩心后上移，利用岩心管端部限位，这样极易造成岩心管端部磨损失效。
发明内容
本发明提供一种绳索取心钻具，旨在通过对内总成与外总成配合结构、内总成中定位机构、到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构、单动机构、岩心管单向阀机构和断心机构的优化设计，以改善绳索取心钻具的使用可靠性、增大钻具强度，达到提高取心钻进效率和岩心采取质量、节省钻探成本的目的。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种绳索取心钻具，包括外管总成和内管总成；所述内管总成由上至下依次设置弹卡定位机构、到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构、单动机构、岩心单向阀机构、岩心管和断心机构，所述弹卡定位机构采用多点铰接方式，所述到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构集成为一体，所述单动机构采用上下两组PDC轴承与中间布置的TC轴承配合结构，所述岩心单向阀机构通过钢球与可升降式阀座的配合控制单向阀的开闭；钻具在钻进时内管总成置于外管总成中，在取心操作时，通过打捞设备将内管总成由外管总成中提升至地面；所述外管总成设有由上至下依次装配的弹卡挡头、弹卡室、上扩孔器、外管、下扩孔器和钻头，在所述弹卡室下端与上扩孔器内侧壁之间形成的环槽中嵌装环座，在所述外管下端与下扩孔器内侧壁之间形成的环槽中嵌装扶正环；所述弹卡挡头、弹卡室及环座与内管总成中的弹卡定位机构配合实现内管总成与外管总成锁止状态与解锁状态的切换。
上述绳索取心钻具，所述内管总成的弹卡定位机构包括捞矛头组件、回收管、弹卡架、弹卡限位块、弹卡钳、弹卡座和支撑板；所述回收管上端与捞矛头组件装配，在回收管中套装弹卡架，并在回收管侧壁上对称设置两个弹卡钳 避让孔；所述弹卡架为两侧开设有轴向长孔的套管，弹卡架的底部与到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构固定装配，在弹卡架中布置弹卡限位块、弹卡钳、弹卡座和支撑板，其中弹卡限位块、弹卡钳和支撑板均包括左右对称的两部分；所述弹卡限位块左右两部分通过弹卡限位块铰接轴铰接在一起，所述弹卡限位块铰接轴的两端安装在回收管侧壁上，弹卡限位块左右两部分还分别与弹卡钳左右两部分铰接装配；所述弹卡钳左右两部分通过弹卡钳铰接轴铰接在一起，所述弹卡钳铰接轴与弹卡座装配，弹卡钳在打开状态下，其左右两部分外侧边缘穿过回收管侧壁上弹卡钳避让孔，卡接在绳索取心钻具外管总成弹卡室的卡槽中；所述弹卡座可沿弹卡架中心轴线上下移动，其下端与支撑板接触；所述支撑板左右两部分通过支撑板铰接轴铰接在一起，所述支撑板铰接轴与弹卡架装配，在支撑板上端设有与弹卡座下端配合的楔形面。
上述绳索取心钻具，所述到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构包括阀芯、定位套、阀杆、分水套、下限位块、弹性卡爪、限位套、滑套、传扭接头、调节螺栓和堵心报警弹簧，并在钻井液循环系统中设置连接泥浆泵的高压溢流回路和低压溢流回路；所述阀芯为固定在阀杆上端的柱塞，其外圆柱面直径与分水套上部内径相匹配；所述分水套上端与弹卡定位机构装配，下端通过传扭接头、调节螺栓与单动机构连接，在分水套上端侧壁上设有连通钻井液通道的过流孔；所述阀杆置于分水套的内部，在阀杆与分水套之间的环状空间由上至下依次布置定位套、堵心报警弹簧、下限位块和弹性卡爪，阀杆在分水套内上下运动，带动阀芯实现对分水套上过流孔封堵和打开状态的切换；所述滑套套装在弹性卡爪外面，在滑套和弹性卡爪之间配装限位套，通过限位套控制弹性卡爪的弹力。
上述绳索取心钻具，所述单动机构包括心轴、上PDC轴承、轴承保护罩、单动接头、TC轴承、TC轴承限位部件、下PDC轴承、定位半环和连接套；所述心轴与到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构的调节螺栓配装，在心轴外面套装上PDC轴承、单动接头、TC轴承、TC轴承限位部件、下PDC轴承和定位半环；所述上PDC轴承上下两端均设置保护垫片，在上PDC轴承和保护垫片的外面设置轴承保护罩；所述单动接头、连接套、上PDC轴承、TC轴承及下PDC轴承配装；所述连接套下端与岩心管单向阀机构固定连接。
上述绳索取心钻具，所述岩心管单向阀机构包括岩心管接头、推力套、可升降式阀座、圆柱销和钢球；所述岩心管接头设有上下贯通的内孔及与内孔垂直贯通的排液孔，其上、下两端分别与单动机构及岩心管装配，在岩心管接头外面套装推力套，并在岩心管接头的侧壁中部对称设置两个圆柱销避让孔；所述推力套为圆柱状套管，在推力套上配装圆柱销；所述圆柱销两端穿过岩心管接头的圆柱销避让孔后与推力套侧壁上设置的销孔装配；所述可升降式阀座为下端设有圆锥型收口的套管，置于岩心管接头的内孔中，并可轴向上下运动，在可升降式阀座的侧壁上设置轴向长孔，当可升降式阀座处于下位时，轴向长孔与岩心管接头下部的排液孔贯通；所述钢球放置在可升降式阀座中，钢球与可升降式阀座下端的圆锥型收口配合实现密封功能。
上述绳索取心钻具，所述断心机构由挡圈、卡簧和卡簧座组成；所述卡簧座为与岩心管下端固定连接的套管，其内侧壁下部为与卡簧配合的圆锥面，在卡簧座中配装卡簧，并在卡簧上方布置挡圈；所述挡圈为封闭环结构，通过挡圈对卡簧轴向限位。
上述绳索取心钻具，在所述外管总成的扶正环中配装一组周向布置的扶正钢球，并在扶正钢球外侧设置扶正钢球限位套。
上述绳索取心钻具，所述内管总成还可通过到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构中调节螺栓与单动机构中心轴配合实现长度调节功能。
本发明提供了一种绳索取心钻具，它对内总成与外总成配合结构、内总成中定位机构、到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构、单动机构和岩心管单向阀机构的进行了优化设计，其中弹卡定位机构采用多点铰接方式，解决了在岩心管堵塞情况下弹卡钳与弹卡挡头顶死问题，使弹卡能够向内回收，可顺利完成复杂地层钻进过程中内管总成的打捞作业；到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构集成为一体，不仅减少了零部件数量，而且避免了钻进过程中打单管现象，降低了岩心损耗，提升了到位报信及堵心报警提示的可靠性；单动机构采用上下两组PDC轴承与中间布置的TC轴承配合结构，解决了在大载荷、交变应力的作用下因轴承损坏导致的单动失效问题，避免了岩心管对钻取岩心的磨损及扰动；岩心单向阀机构通过钢球与可升降式阀座的配合控制单向阀的开闭，既保证了岩心的品质和 采取率，又降低了出心难度，缩短了出心作业时间；断心机构采用了环形挡圈，便于拆装操作。由此可见，本发明改善了绳索取心钻具的使用可靠性、增大了钻具强度，达到了提高取心钻进效率和岩心采取质量、节省钻探成本的目的。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述绳索取心钻具总体结构示意图；
图2是图1中P处结构放大图；
图3是弹卡定位机构示意图；
图4是弹卡定位机构中回收管结构示意图；
图5是弹卡定位机构中弹卡架结构示意图；
图6是图5中B-B剖面结构示意图；
图7是弹卡钳、弹卡钳限位块、弹卡座及支撑板装配结构示意图；
图8是弹卡定位机构工作过程示意图；
图9是到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构示意图；
图10是到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构中阀杆结构示意图；
图11是到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构中分水套结构示意图；
图12是到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构中弹性卡爪结构示意图；
图13是图12中C-C剖面结构示意图；
图14是到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构的到位报信工作过程示意图；
图15是到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构的岩心堵塞报警工作过程示意图；
图16是单动机构示意图；
图17是岩心管单向阀机构示意图；
图18是岩心管单向阀机构中岩心管接头结构示意图；
图19是图18的侧视图；
图20是图18中D-D剖面结构示意图；
图21是岩心管单向阀机构中换位套结构示意图；
图22是图21中E-E剖面结构示意图；
图23是岩心管单向阀机构中可升降式阀座结构示意图；
图24是图23的侧视图；
图25是岩心管单向阀机构工作过程示意图；
图26是断心机构示意图。
图中各标号清单为：
1、弹卡定位机构
1-1、捞矛头组件，1-2、回收管，1-2-1、第一装配孔，1-2-2、第二装配孔，1-2-3、弹卡钳避让孔，1-2-4、第三装配孔，1-3、压板，1-4、弹卡架，1-4-1、弹卡限位块铰接轴上下运动避让孔，1-4-2、弹卡座上下移动限位销安装孔，1-4-3、回收管导向销配合孔，1-4-4、支撑板铰接轴安装孔，1-4-5、环状阶梯端面，1-4-6、轴向长孔，1-5、弹卡限位块，1-6、弹卡钳，1-6-1、弹卡钳上端面，1-7、弹卡座，1-8、支撑板，1-8-1、楔形面，1-8-2、回收管导向销避让孔，1-9、悬挂环；
2、到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构
2-1、阀芯，2-2、定位套，2-3、阀杆，2-3-1、环状限位面，2-3-2、上卡接环槽，2-3-3、过渡锥面，2-3-4、环状凸台，2-3-5、下卡接环槽，2-4、分水套，2-4-1、过流孔，2-4-2、定位凸台，2-5、下限位块，2-6、调节套，2-7、限位套，2-8、弹性卡爪，2-8-1、盘状凸缘，2-8-2、卡爪单体，2-8-3、切割缝，2-8-4、卡头，2-9、滑套，2-10、调节螺栓，2-11、传扭接头；
3、单动机构
3-1、心轴，3-2、保护垫片，3-3、上PDC轴承，3-4、下PDC轴承，3-5、轴承保护罩，3-6、单动接头，3-7、TC轴承，3-8、TC轴承限位部件，3-9、定位半环，3-10、连接套；
4、岩心管单向阀机构
4-1、堵头，4-2、岩心管接头，4-2-1、安装工具夹持面，4-2-2、圆柱销避让孔，4-2-3、高位插槽，4-2-4、排液孔，4-2-5、低位插槽，4-2-6、密封环槽，4-2-7、内孔，4-3、推力套，4-3-1、矩形握持槽,4-3-2、销孔，4-4、换位套，4-4-1、环状握持槽，4-4-2、定位插块，4-5、可升降式阀座，4-5-1、轴向长孔，4-5-2、圆锥型收口，4-6、弹性密封圈，4-7、圆柱销，4-8、钢球；
5、岩心管
6、断心机构
6-1、挡圈，6-2、卡簧，6-3、卡簧座；
7、弹卡挡头
8、弹卡室
9、上扩孔器
10、环座
11、外管
12、扶正钢球
13、扶正钢球限位套
14、扶正环
15、下扩孔器
16、钻头
B1、弹性圆柱销，B2、弹性限位块铰接轴，B3、弹卡钳铰接轴，B4、弹卡座上下移动限位销，B5、回收管导向销，B6、支撑板铰接轴，W1、弹卡钳复位弹簧，W2、弹卡座复位弹簧，W3、支撑板复位卡簧，W4、堵心报警弹簧，W5、可升降式阀座复位弹簧。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
参看图1、图2，本发明提供一种绳索取心钻具，它包括外管总成和内管总成；所述内管总成由上至下依次设置弹卡定位机构1、到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构2、单动机构3、岩心单向阀机构4、岩心管5和断心机构6，所述弹卡定位机构1采用多点铰接方式，所述到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构2集成为一体，所述单动机构3采用上下两组PDC轴承与中间布置的TC轴承配合结构，所述岩心单向阀机构4通过钢球与可升降式阀座的配合控制单向阀的开闭；钻具在钻进时内管总成置于外管总成中，在取心操作时，通过打捞设备将内管总成由外管总成中提升至地面；所述外管总成设有由上至下依次装配的弹卡挡头7、弹卡室8、上扩孔器9、外管11、下扩孔器15和钻头16，在所述弹卡室8下端与上扩孔器9内侧壁之间形成的环槽中嵌装环座10，在所述外管11下端与下 扩孔器15内侧壁之间形成的环槽中嵌装扶正环14，并且在扶正环14中配装一组周向布置的扶正钢球12，同时在扶正钢球12外侧设置扶正钢球限位套13，因此可通过扶正钢球12既可对内管总成中的岩心管5起到扶正作用，又可减轻外管11与岩心管5之间的摩擦阻力，保证良好的岩心管5单动性能，进而减轻岩心管5对岩心的磨损及扰动，提高岩心采取质量；外管总成中的弹卡挡头7、弹卡室8及环座10与内管总成中的弹卡定位机构1配合，用以实现内管总成与外管总成锁止状态与解锁状态的切换。
参看图3至图7，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具，其内管总成的弹卡定位机构1包括捞矛头组件1-1、回收管1-2、弹卡架1-4、弹卡限位块1-5、弹卡钳1-6、弹卡座1-7和支撑板1-8；所述回收管1-2上端与捞矛头组件1-1装配，在回收管1-2中套装弹卡架1-4，并在回收管1-2侧壁上对称设置两个弹卡钳避让孔1-2-3；所述弹卡架1-4为两侧开设有轴向长孔1-4-6的套管，弹卡架1-4的底部与到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构2固定装配，在弹卡架1-4中布置弹卡限位块1-5、弹卡钳1-6、弹卡座1-7和支撑板1-8，其中弹卡限位块1-5、弹卡钳1-6和支撑板1-8均包括左右对称的两部分；所述弹卡限位块1-5左右两部分铰接在一起，弹卡限位块铰接轴两端安装在回收管1-2侧壁上，弹卡限位块1-5左右两部分还分别与弹卡钳1-6左右两部分铰接装配；所述弹卡钳1-6左右两部分铰接在一起，弹卡钳铰接轴与弹卡座1-7装配，弹卡钳1-6在打开状态下，其左右两部分外侧边缘穿过回收管1-2侧壁上弹卡钳避让孔1-2-3，卡接在绳索取心钻具外管总成弹卡室8的卡槽中；所述弹卡座1-7可沿弹卡架中心轴线上下移动，其下端与支撑板1-8接触；所述支撑板1-8左右两部分铰接在一起，支撑板铰接轴与弹卡架1-4装配，在支撑板1-8上端设有与弹卡座1-7下端配合的楔形面1-8-1。
参看图3、图4，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具内管总成的弹卡定位机构，其回收管1-2的侧壁上还设置第一装配孔1-2-1、第二装配孔1-2-2和第三装配孔1-2-4；所述第一装配孔1-2-1用于配装回收管1-2与捞矛头组件1-1铰接的弹性圆柱销B1；所述第二装配孔1-2-2用于配装弹卡限位块铰接轴B2；所述第三装配孔1-2-4用于配装在内管总成下放和回收过程中为回收管1-2上下运 动提供导向作用的回收管导向销B5。
参看图3、图5、图6，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具内管总成的弹卡定位机构，其弹卡架1-4上还设有弹卡限位块铰接轴上下运动避让孔1-4-1、弹卡座上下移动限位销安装孔1-4-2、回收管导向销配合孔1-4-3和支撑板铰接装轴安装孔1-4-4，所述弹卡限位块铰接轴上下运动避让孔1-4-1、弹卡座上下移动限位销安装孔1-4-2、回收管导向销配合孔1-4-3和支撑板铰接装轴安装孔1-4-4沿弹卡架1-4中心轴线由上至下依次布置。
参看图3、图7，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具内管总成的弹卡定位机构，其弹卡钳1-6在打开状态下，弹卡钳1-6的左右两部分外侧边缘穿过回收管1-2侧壁上弹卡钳避让孔1-2-3，卡接在绳索取心钻具外管总成弹卡室8的卡槽中；本发明所述的绳索取心钻具内管总成的弹卡定位机构还设有弹卡钳复位组件，所述弹卡钳复位组件包括压板1-3和弹卡钳复位弹簧W1，所述压板1-3固定在弹卡架1-4的顶部，所述弹卡钳复位弹簧W1套装在弹卡架1-4外面，弹卡钳复位弹簧W1上、下两端分别与压板1-3及弹性限位块铰接轴B2相抵触；所述弹卡座1-7设有弹卡钳安装部和上下运动导向部，所述弹卡钳安装部为矩形槽结构，弹卡钳1-6左右两部分配装在矩形槽中，所述上下运动导向部设有与弹卡座上下移动限位销B4配合的限位孔；本发明所述的绳索取心钻具内管总成的弹卡定位机构还设有弹卡座复位弹簧W2，所述弹卡座复位弹簧W2套装在弹卡架1-4外面，其上、下两端分别与弹卡座1-7的弹卡钳安装部底面及弹卡架1-4上设置的环状阶梯端面1-4-5相抵触。
参看图3、图7，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具内管总成的弹卡定位机构，其支撑板1-8中部设有回收管导向销避让孔1-8-2，在支撑板1-8上还安装支撑板复位卡簧W3。
参看图3至图8，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具内管总成的弹卡定位机构1，其在完整地层钻进过程中，在弹卡钳6未出现顶死现象时，打捞内管时弹卡钳1-6可向弹卡架1-4内回转，解除弹卡限位后进行正常回收，完成内总成打捞作业；而在复杂地层钻进发生堵心情况时，弹卡钳1-6受到向上的推力，弹卡钳1-6与外管总成中弹卡挡头7顶死，随后弹卡钳1-6、弹卡座1-7受力下移， 挤压支撑板1-8左右两部分向两侧张开，直至支撑板1-8上回收管导向销避让孔1-8-2下边缘与回收管导向销B5接触，通过支撑板1-8限定弹卡座1-7与弹卡钳1-6位置(如附图8中状态Ⅰ所示)，开始打捞内管后，打捞器钩住捞矛头组件1-1带动回收管1-2上移空行程L1＝9.7mm，回收管导向销B5跟随回收管1-2上移行程L1＝9.7mm，解除支撑板1-8的限位作用，此时顶死后形成的刚性结被化解，弹卡座1-7可向下移动(如附图12中状态Ⅱ所示),回收管1-2继续上移L2＝4.6mm，此过程中回收管1-2通过弹卡钳限位块铰接轴B2及弹卡钳限位块1-5带动弹卡钳1-6向内旋转，同时弹卡座1-7受力下移，即弹卡钳铰接轴B3下移，弹卡座复位弹簧W2进一步压缩，支撑板1-8向两侧旋转，实现空间释放(如附图8中状态Ⅲ所示),在弹卡钳1-6旋转过死点后，在弹卡座复位弹簧W2弹力作用下弹卡座1-7复位，在支撑板复位卡簧W3弹力作用下支撑板1-8复位，回收管1-2继续上移一定距离L3＝14mm后，完成弹卡钳1-6向内回收，解除弹卡限位作用，即可实现内管总成的打捞(如附图8中状态Ⅳ所示)。
参看图9、图11，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具，其内管总成的到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构2包括阀芯2-1、定位套2-2、阀杆2-3、分水套2-4、下限位块2-5、弹性卡爪2-8、限位套2-7、滑套2-9、传扭接头2-11、调节螺栓2-10和堵心报警弹簧W4，并在钻井液循环系统中设置连接泥浆泵的高压溢流回路和低压溢流回路，在所述高压溢流回路中设有高压开关阀和高压溢流阀，在所述低压溢流回路中设有低压开关阀和低压溢流阀；所述阀芯2-1为固定在阀杆2-3上端的柱塞，其外圆柱面直径与分水套2-4上部内径相匹配；所述分水套2-4上端与弹卡定位机构1装配，下端通过传扭接头2-11、调节螺栓2-10与单动机构3连接，在分水套2-4上端侧壁上设有连通钻井液通道的过流孔2-4-1；所述阀杆2-3置于分水套2-4的内部，在阀杆2-3与分水套2-4之间的环空中由上至下依次布置定位套2-2、堵心报警弹簧W4、下限位块2-5和弹性卡爪2-8，阀杆2-3可在分水套2-4内上下运动，带动阀芯2-1实现对分水套2-4上过流孔2-4-1封堵和打开状态的切换；所述滑套2-9套装在弹性卡爪2-8外面，在滑套2-9和弹性卡爪2-8之间配装限位套2-7，通过限位套2-7控制弹性卡爪2-8的弹 力。
参看图9、图10，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具，在其到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构2中，所述阀杆2-3为变截面圆柱杆件，在阀杆2-3中部设有与下限位块2-5配合的环状限位面2-3-1，在阀杆2-3下半部由上至下依次设置上卡接环槽2-3-2、过渡锥面2-3-3、环状凸台2-3-4和下卡接环槽2-3-5。
参看图9、图11，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具，在其到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构2中，所述分水套2-4内侧壁上设有与定位套2-2配合的定位凸台2-4-2，所述定位凸台2-4-2位于过流孔2-4-1的下方。
参看图9、图12、图13，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具，在其到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构2中，所述弹性卡爪2-8为上端带有盘状凸缘2-8-1的套管，套管下端通过一组均匀布置的切割缝2-8-3将其分割成若干个卡爪单体2-8-2，在每一个卡爪单体2-8-2下端设置球面结构的卡头2-8-4。
参看图9，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具，在其到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构2中，还设有一组用于调正限位套2-7上下位置的调节套2-6，并在滑套2-9内壁上设置卡台，所述调整套2-6以间隙配合方式套装在弹性卡爪2-8外面，布置在弹性卡爪2-8的盘状凸缘2-8-1与滑套2-9的卡台之间。
参看图14，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具，其到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构2的到位报信工作过程为：设定高压溢流回路的溢流压力值为PA，低压溢流回路的溢流压力值为PB，泥浆泵压力主要为钻进时钻井液在孔内循环时的阻力，将此压力值设定为PC，阀杆2-3在泥浆泵压力的作用下其环状凸台2-3-4能够穿过弹性卡爪2-8下端由卡头2-8-4围合的内孔，将此时相应的泥浆泵压力值设定为PD，取心钻进时，记录上一回次钻进时的循环压力PC，根据PC值的大小，按照PA＞PD＞PB＞PC的顺序设定各个压力值。钻具内总成投送作业时，首先打开低压溢流回路中的低压开关阀，关闭高压溢流回路中的高压开关阀，开启泥浆泵，内管总成开始投送后阀杆2-3受力上移，钻具内部钻井液过流通道打开，增加钻井液过流面积，提高内管总成的投放速度(如图14中状态Ⅰ所示，其中虚线箭头为钻井液流动方向，实线箭头为阀杆2-3所受钻井液作用力合力方向)；内管总成投放到位后(即悬挂环1-9与环座10接触并到位)，阀 杆2-3的下卡接环槽2-3-5与弹性卡爪2-8的卡头2-8-4接触，阀芯2-1所处位置将与钻具内部钻井液过流通道连通的过流孔2-4-1封堵(如图14中状态Ⅱ所示)，此时泥浆泵开始憋压，由于PD＞PB＞PC，与泥浆泵连接的低压溢流回路中抵压溢流阀溢流泄压，此时地表现象明显，且具有持续性，并且在此过程中泵压表数值逐渐增加至PB，操作人员可通过地表溢流的现象及泵压表的数值变化，判断内管总成已经到位，此后控制泥浆泵停止运行，关闭低压溢流回路中的低压开关阀，打开高压溢流回路中的高压开关阀，再次开启泥浆泵，由于PA＞PD，在泥浆泵压力的作用下，阀芯2-1、阀杆2-3受力下移，弹性卡爪2-8受力张开，直至阀杆2-3的环状凸台2-3-4、过渡锥面2-3-3依次穿过卡头2-8-2部位，卡头2-8-2卡接在阀杆2-3的上卡接环槽2-3-2部位(此过程如图14中状态Ⅲ所示)，此时弹性卡爪2-8处于张开状态，当阀芯2-1接触定位套2-2，钻具内部钻井液过流通道打开(如图14中状态Ⅳ所示)，地表现象为孔口返出钻井液，且具有持续性，泵压表读数显示为升高至PD，随后降低至PC，操作人员可以通过上述两个现象进行综合分析，对内管总成的到位进行再次确认，做出准确判断，然后即可开始取心钻进。随着钻孔的逐渐加深，循环压力PC逐渐增大，因此还需逐渐调增PA、PB、PD数值，其中PA、PB可通过对高压溢流阀、低压溢流阀的设定值进行调节，PD的调节则通过调整限位套2-7与调节套2-6的相对位置，来改变弹性卡爪2-8有效弯臂的长度，以实现与弹性卡爪2-8弹力匹配的钻井液压力的调整。
参看图15，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具，其到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构2的岩心堵塞报警工作过程为：钻具正常钻进过程中低压溢流回路中的低压开关阀处于关闭状态，高压溢流回路中的高压开关阀处于打开状态，岩心管发生堵心现象后，岩心管向上的压力经调节螺栓2-10、滑套2-9、下限位块2-5传递至堵心报警弹簧W4，对其进行压缩，同时带动阀芯2-1、阀杆2-3上移，由阀芯2-1对分水套2-4上与钻井液通道连通的过流孔2-4-1进行封堵(如附图15中Ⅱ所示的状态)，使泥浆泵压力升高，直至压力达到高压溢流回路的溢流压力设定值PA，高压溢流阀溢流泄压，操作人员可通过具有持续性的溢流现象及泥浆泵压力表的数值变化，对孔内发生的堵心做出准确的判断，并及时、准确 地指导操作人员进行下一步操作，即打捞内管，以避免造成岩心磨损及消耗，保证岩心采取质量，在取心作业完成后需对阀芯2-1、阀杆2-3进行人工复位，可通过专用复位工具使各相关零件复位，恢复图15中Ⅰ所示状态。
参看图16，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具，其单动机构3包括心轴3-1、上PDC轴承3-3、轴承保护罩3-5、单动接头3-6、TC轴承3-7、TC轴承限位部件3-8、下PDC轴承3-4、定位半环3-9和连接套3-10；所述心轴3-1与到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构2的调节螺栓2-10固定装配，在心轴3-1外面套装上PDC轴承3-3、单动接头3-6、TC轴承3-7、TC轴承限位部件3-8、下PDC轴承3-4和定位半环3-9；所述上PDC轴承3-3上下两端均设置保护垫片3-2，在上PDC轴承3-3和保护垫片3-2的外面设置轴承保护罩3-5；所述单动接头3-6、连接套3-10、上PDC轴承3-3、TC轴承3-7及下PDC轴承3-4配装；所述连接套3-10下端与岩心管单向阀机构4固定连接。
参看图17、图23、图24，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具，其岩心管单向阀机构4包括岩心管接头4-2、推力套4-3、可升降式阀座4-5、圆柱销4-7和钢球4-8；所述岩心管接头4-2设有上下贯通的内孔4-2-7及与内孔垂直贯通的排液孔4-2-4，其上、下两端分别与单动机构3及岩心管5装配，在岩心管接头4-2外面套装推力套4-3，并在岩心管接头4-2的侧壁中部对称设置两条圆柱销避让孔4-2-2；所述推力套4-3为圆柱状套管，在推力套4-3上配装圆柱销4-7；所述圆柱销4-7两端穿过岩心管接头4-2的圆柱销避让孔4-2-2后与推力套4-3侧壁上设置的销孔装配；所述可升降式阀座4-5为下端设有圆锥型收口4-5-2的套管，置于岩心管接头4-2的内孔4-2-7中，并可轴向上下运动，在可升降式阀座4-5的侧壁上设置轴向长孔4-5-1，当可升降式阀座4-5处于下位时，轴向长孔4-5-1与岩心管接头下部的排液孔4-2-4贯通；所述钢球4-8放置在可升降式阀座4-5中，钢球与可升降式阀座4-5下端的圆锥型收口4-5-2配合实现密封功能。
参看图17至图22，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具，其岩心管单向阀机构4还设有可升降式阀座定位组件，所述可升降式阀座定位组件包括换位套4-4和设置在岩心管接头4-2外壁上的轴向插槽，所述换位套4-4套装在岩心管接头4-2外侧，位于推力套4-3的下面，在所述换位套4-4外侧壁上设有环状握持槽 4-4-1，并在换位套4-4侧壁上对称设置与岩心管接头4-2外壁上轴向插槽配合的两个向下延伸的定位插块4-4-2；所述设置在岩心管接头4-2外壁上的轴向插槽包括两组，其中一组为位于排液孔4-2-4上方的高位插槽4-2-3，另一组为与高位插槽4-2-3呈90°旋转角的低位插槽4-2-5。
参看图17、图18，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具，其岩心管单向阀机构4还设有可升降式阀座复位及压紧组件，所述可升降式阀座复位及压紧组件包括可升降式阀座复位弹簧W5和堵头4-1；所述堵头4-1以螺纹连接方式固定在岩心管接头4-2的上端；所述可升降式阀座复位弹簧W5套装在岩心管接头4-2的内孔4-2-7中，以预压缩方式安装在堵头4-1底面与可升降式阀座4-5上端面之间。
参看图25，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具，其岩心管单向阀机构4工作过程是：在绳索取心钻具钻进过程中，安装在推力套4-3上的圆柱销4-7搭载于岩心管接头4-2的圆柱销避让孔4-2-2底部，换位套4-4的两个定位插块4-4-2卡入岩心管接头4-2的两个低位插槽4-2-5中，可升降式阀座4-5在自身和钢球4-8重力、可升降式阀座复位弹簧W5预压缩力作用下处于低位，此时岩心管5被封堵，随着岩心进入岩心管5，推动钢球4-8向上移动与可升降式阀座4-5圆锥型收口2-5-2分离，单向阀被打开，岩心管5内部的冲洗液被排除。打捞内管时，在冲洗液及自身重力作用下，钢球4-8回落至可升降式阀座4-5的圆锥型收口4-5-2处，单向阀关闭，管内岩心处于封闭保压状态。在地表出心作业时，被打捞至地面上的岩心管单向阀机构4中可升降式阀座4-5处于低位，钢球4-8位于可升降式阀座4-5的圆锥型收口4-5-2处，单向阀关闭，换位套4-4的两个定位插块4-4-2卡入岩心管接头4-2的两个低位插槽4-2-5中(如图25中状态Ⅰ所示)；操作人员可一只手向上移动推力套4-3，由推力套4-3带动圆柱销4-7移动至圆柱销避让孔4-2-2顶部，此时通过圆柱销4-7将可升降阀座4-5举升至高位，可升降式阀座复位弹簧W5被进一步压缩(如图25中状态Ⅱ所示)，然后操作人员另一只手通过换位套4-4外壁上环状握持槽4-4-1向上推动换位套4-4，使换位套4-4的两个定位插块4-4-2与岩心管接头4-2的两个低位插槽4-2-5分离，再将换位套4-4旋转90度，将换位套4-4的两个定位插块4-4-2滑入到岩心管接头高位插槽4-2-3中(如图25中状态Ⅲ所示)，随后操作人员的两只 手分别松开推力套4-3和换位套4-4，推力套4-3、可升降式阀座4-5在可升降式阀座复位弹簧W5弹力的作用下向下移动，直至推力套4-3接触到换位套4-4(如图25中状态Ⅳ所示)，此时岩心管5上端处于开放状态，泄压通道被打通，消除岩心管上端可能产生的负压，使复杂地层钻取的岩心更易出管。
参看图26，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具，其断心机构6由挡圈6-1、卡簧6-2和卡簧座6-3组成；所述卡簧座6-3为与岩心管5下端固定连接的套管，其内侧壁下部为与卡簧配合的圆锥面，在卡簧座6-3中配装卡簧6-2，并在卡簧6-2上方布置挡圈6-1；所述挡圈6-1为封闭环结构，通过挡圈6-1对卡簧6-2轴向限位。
参看图1，本发明所述的绳索取心钻具，其所述内管总成还可通过到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构2中调节螺栓2-10与单动机构3中心轴3-1配合实现长度调节功能。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种绳索取心钻具，其特征是，它包括外管总成和内管总成；所述内管总成由上至下依次设置弹卡定位机构(1)、到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构(2)、单动机构(3)、岩心单向阀机构(4)、岩心管(5)和断心机构(6)，所述弹卡定位机构(1)采用多点铰接方式，所述到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构(2)集成为一体，所述单动机构(3)采用上下两组PDC轴承与中间布置的TC轴承配合结构，所述岩心单向阀机构(4)通过钢球与可升降式阀座的配合控制单向阀的开闭；钻具在钻进时内管总成置于外管总成中，在取心操作时，通过打捞设备将内管总成由外管总成中提升至地面；所述外管总成设有由上至下依次装配的弹卡挡头(7)、弹卡室(8)、上扩孔器(9)、外管(11)、下扩孔器(15)和钻头(16)，在所述弹卡室(8)下端与上扩孔器(9)内侧壁之间形成的环槽中嵌装环座(10)，在所述外管(11)下端与下扩孔器(15)内侧壁之间形成的环槽中嵌装扶正环(14)；所述弹卡挡头(7)、弹卡室(8)及环座(10)与内管总成中的弹卡定位机构(1)配合实现内管总成与外管总成锁止状态与解锁状态的切换。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的绳索取心钻具，其特征是，所述内管总成的弹卡定位机构(1)包括捞矛头组件(1-1)、回收管(1-2)、弹卡架(1-4)、弹卡限位块(1-5)、弹卡钳(1-6)、弹卡座(1-7)和支撑板(1-8)；所述回收管(1-2)上端与捞矛头组件(1-1)装配，在回收管(1-2)中套装弹卡架(1-4)，并在回收管(1-2)侧壁上对称设置两个弹卡钳避让孔(1-2-3)；所述弹卡架(1-4)为两侧开设有轴向长孔(1-4-6)的套管，弹卡架(1-4)的底部与到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构(2)固定装配，在弹卡架(1-4)中布置弹卡限位块(1-5)、弹卡钳(1-6)、弹卡座(1-7)和支撑板(1-8)，其中弹卡限位块(1-5)、弹卡钳(1-6)和支撑板(1-8)均包括左右对称的两部分；所述弹卡限位块(1-5)左右两部分通过弹卡限位块铰接轴(B2)铰接在一起，所述弹卡限位块铰接轴(B2)两端安装在回收管(1-2)侧壁上，弹卡限位块(1-5)左 右两部分还分别与弹卡钳(1-6)左右两部分铰接装配；所述弹卡钳(1-6)左右两部分通过弹卡钳铰接轴(B3)铰接在一起，所述弹卡钳铰接轴(B3)与弹卡座(1-7)装配，弹卡钳(1-6)在打开状态下，其左右两部分外侧边缘穿过回收管(1-2)侧壁上弹卡钳避让孔(1-2-3)，卡接在绳索取心钻具外管总成弹卡室(8)的卡槽中；所述弹卡座(1-7)可沿弹卡架中心轴线上下移动，其下端与支撑板(1-8)接触；所述支撑板(1-8)左右两部分通上过支撑板铰接轴(B6)铰接在一起，所述支撑板铰接轴(B6)与弹卡架(1-4)装配，在支撑板(1-8)上端设有与弹卡座(1-7)下端配合的楔形面(1-8-1)。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的绳索取心钻具，其特征是，所述到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构(2)包括阀芯(2-1)、定位套(2-2)、阀杆(2-3)、分水套(2-4)、下限位块(2-5)、弹性卡爪(2-8)、限位套(2-7)、滑套(2-9)、传扭接头(2-11)、调节螺栓(2-10)和堵心报警弹簧(W4)，并在钻井液循环系统中设置连接泥浆泵的高压溢流回路和低压溢流回路；所述阀芯(2-1)为固定在阀杆(2-3)上端的柱塞，其外圆柱面直径与分水套(2-4)上部内径相匹配；所述分水套(2-4)上端与弹卡定位机构(1)装配，下端通过传扭接头(2-11)、调节螺栓(2-10)与单动机构(3)连接，在分水套(2-4)上端侧壁上设有连通钻井液通道的过流孔(2-4-1)；所述阀杆(2-3)置于分水套(2-4)的内部，在阀杆(2-3)与分水套(2-4)之间的环状空间由上至下依次布置定位套(2-2)、堵心报警弹簧(W4)、下限位块(2-5)和弹性卡爪(2-8)，阀杆(2-3)可在分水套(2-4)内上下运动，带动阀芯(2-1)实现对分水套(2-4)上过流孔(2-4-1)封堵和打开状态的切换；所述滑套(2-9)套装在弹性卡爪(2-8)外面，在滑套(2-9)和弹性卡爪(2-8)之间配装限位套(2-7)，通过限位套(2-7)控制弹性卡爪(2-8)的弹力。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的绳索取心钻具，其特征是，所述单动机构(3)包括心轴(3-1)、上PDC轴承(3-3)、轴承保护罩(3-5)、单动接头(3-6)、TC轴承(3-7)、TC轴承限位部件(3-8)、下PDC轴承(3-4)、定位半环(3-9)和连接套(3-10)；所述心轴(3-1)与到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构(2)的调节螺栓(2-10)固定装配，在心轴(3-1)外面套装上PDC轴承(3-3)、单 动接头(3-6)、TC轴承(3-7)、TC轴承限位部件(3-8)、下PDC轴承(3-4)和定位半环(3-9)；所述上PDC轴承(3-3)上下两端均设置保护垫片(3-2)，在上PDC轴承(3-3)和保护垫片(3-2)的外面设置轴承保护罩(3-5)；所述单动接头(3-6)、连接套(3-10)、上PDC轴承(3-3)、TC轴承(3-7)及下PDC轴承(3-4)配装；所述连接套(3-10)下端与岩心管单向阀机构(4)固定连接。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的绳索取心钻具，其特征是，所述岩心管单向阀机构(4)包括岩心管接头(4-2)、推力套(4-3)、可升降式阀座(4-5)、圆柱销(4-7)和钢球(4-8)；所述岩心管接头(4-2)设有上下贯通的内孔(4-2-7)及与内孔垂直贯通的排液孔(4-2-4)，其上、下两端分别与单动机构(3)及岩心管(5)装配，在岩心管接头(4-2)外面套装推力套(4-3)，并在岩心管接头(4-2)的侧壁中部对称设置两个圆柱销避让孔(4-2-2)；所述推力套(4-3)为圆柱状套管，在推力套(4-3)上配装圆柱销(4-7)；所述圆柱销(4-7)两端穿过岩心管接头(4-2)的圆柱销避让孔(4-2-2)后与推力套(4-3)侧壁上设置的销孔装配；所述可升降式阀座(4-5)为下端设有圆锥型收口(4-5-2)的套管，置于岩心管接头(4-2)的内孔(4-2-7)中，并可轴向上下运动，在可升降式阀座(4-5)的侧壁上设置轴向长孔(4-5-1)，当可升降式阀座(4-5)处于下位时，轴向长孔(4-5-1)与岩心管接头下部的排液孔(4-2-4)贯通；所述钢球(4-8)放置在可升降式阀座(4-5)中，钢球与可升降式阀座(4-5)下端的圆锥型收口(4-5-2)配合实现密封功能。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的绳索取心钻具，其特征是，所述断心机构(6)由挡圈(6-1)、卡簧(6-2)和卡簧座(6-3)组成；所述卡簧座(6-3)为与岩心管(5)下端固定连接的套管，其内侧壁下部为与卡簧配合的圆锥面，在卡簧座(6-3)中配装卡簧(6-2)，并在卡簧(6-2)上方布置挡圈(6-1)；所述挡圈(6-1)为封闭环结构，通过挡圈(6-1)对卡簧(6-2)轴向限位。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的绳索取心钻具，其特征是，在所述外管总成的扶正环(14)中配装一组周向布置的扶正钢球(12)，并在扶正钢球(12)外侧设置扶正钢球限位套(13)。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的绳索取心钻具，其特征是，所述内管总成还可通过到位报信及岩心堵塞报警机构(2)中调节螺栓(2-10)与单动机构(3)中心轴(3-1)配合实现长度调节功能。
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