WO2021253445A1 - 生物特征检测装置及智能穿戴设备 - Google Patents

生物特征检测装置及智能穿戴设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021253445A1
WO2021253445A1 PCT/CN2020/097252 CN2020097252W WO2021253445A1 WO 2021253445 A1 WO2021253445 A1 WO 2021253445A1 CN 2020097252 W CN2020097252 W CN 2020097252W WO 2021253445 A1 WO2021253445 A1 WO 2021253445A1
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Prior art keywords
light
emitting
light beam
light guide
incident
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PCT/CN2020/097252
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蒋鹏
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深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/097252 priority Critical patent/WO2021253445A1/zh
Publication of WO2021253445A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021253445A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of biometrics technology, in particular to a biometric detection device and smart wearable equipment.
  • Blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiration rate and other biological characteristics are important physiological parameters.
  • the volume of oxygenated hemoglobin bound by oxygen in the blood accounts for the percentage of the total hemoglobin capacity that can be bound, that is, the concentration of blood oxygen in the blood. It is an important physiological parameter of the respiratory cycle.
  • Photoplethysmograph (Photoplethysmo Graphy, PPG) is a method that uses the reflection or transmission of light by human tissues to evaluate blood perfusion-related information. PPG can detect biological characteristics.
  • the existing biometric detection device includes a light source and a light receiving element. The light source directly emits a light beam to the skin. The emitted light beam will be reflected, absorbed and scattered in the skin tissue and blood. The optical signal reaching the light receiving element is converted into a PPG electrical signal. The PPG electrical signal is processed to obtain biological characteristics such as blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, and respiration rate.
  • the present application provides a biometric detection device and a smart wearable device, which can improve the accuracy of biometric detection results.
  • this application provides a biometric detection device, including:
  • Light-emitting parts light-guiding parts, light-blocking parts and light-receiving parts
  • the light-emitting element is used to emit an original light beam with a set wavelength to the user;
  • the light guide member is disposed on the light-emitting member, and is used to adjust the original light beam emitted by the light-emitting member to an incident light beam directed toward the user in a preset direction, wherein the preset direction is the same as The surface of the user's skin is vertical or approximately vertical;
  • the light blocking member is disposed between the light guide member and the light receiving member, and is used for blocking the light beam emitted by the light emitting member from being directed to the light receiving member and blocking the direction of the light beam emitted by the light guiding member
  • the light receiving element
  • the light receiving element is used to receive the emitted light beam after the incident light beam passes through the user, and convert the optical signal of the emitted light beam into an electrical signal for biometric detection.
  • the light incident surface of the light guide member faces the light emitting member
  • the light exit surface of the light guide member is located on a side of the light guide member away from the light emitting member
  • the The inner wall of the circumferential side wall of the light guide is provided with a reflective surface, and the reflective surface is used to reflect the original light beam passing through the light incident surface to the preset direction.
  • the cross section of the light guide gradually increases from the light incident surface of the light guide to the light exit surface of the light guide.
  • the peripheral edge of the light-emitting surface extends in a direction away from the light-emitting element.
  • the central area of the light-emitting surface of the light guide member protrudes toward a side away from the light-emitting member.
  • the bottom of the light guide has an avoiding groove
  • the opening of the avoiding groove faces the light-emitting member
  • the light-emitting member is at least partially located inside the avoiding groove
  • the light guide member is a collimating lens
  • the light incident surface of the collimating lens faces the light emitting member
  • the light exit surface of the collimating lens faces away from the light emitting member
  • the The light incident surface of the collimating lens is sawtooth.
  • the light-emitting element includes a first light-emitting unit and a second light-emitting unit arranged side by side;
  • the first light emitting unit emits an original light beam having a first wavelength
  • the second light emitting unit emits an original light beam having a second wavelength, wherein the first wavelength and the second wavelength are different.
  • the light guide has a centrally symmetric structure; the first light-emitting unit and the second light-emitting unit are close to the center line of the light guide and are arranged symmetrically.
  • it further includes a light homogenizing member disposed between the light emitting member and the light guide member, for causing the original light beam emitted by the first light emitting unit and the second light emitting unit to emit The original light beams are uniformly directed toward the light guide.
  • the light homogenizing member is a light homogenizing film attached to the light emitting member.
  • the light receiving element is arranged on one side of the light guiding element in a square shape, or the light receiving element is arranged around the periphery of the light guiding element.
  • the light concentrating member is arranged on the light incident side of the light receiving member, and is used to converge the outgoing light beam at the light receiving member.
  • the light condensing element includes a lens, the lens faces the light receiving element, the light incident surface of the lens is a convex surface, and the light output surface is a flat surface.
  • the light condensing element includes a micro lens array, and a surface of the micro lens array facing away from the light receiving element is a flat surface.
  • the microlens array and the light receiving element are an integral structure.
  • the light blocking member is arranged on the circumferential outer side of the light guide member.
  • the distance between the center line of the light guide member and the center line of the light receiving member is greater than 4 millimeters and less than 20 millimeters.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a smart wearable device, including the biometric detection device according to any one of the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiments of the application provide a biometric detection device and a smart wearable device.
  • the biometric detection device includes a light-emitting element, a light guide element, a light blocking element, and a light receiving element.
  • the light-emitting element is arranged on the light-emitting element, and the original light beam emitted by the light-emitting element is adjusted to an incident light beam directed to the user in a preset direction through the light guide, wherein the preset direction is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the surface of the user’s skin, blocking light
  • the light-emitting element is arranged between the light guide and the light-receiving element.
  • the light-blocking element blocks the light beam emitted by the light-emitting element from being directed to the light-receiving element and blocks the light beam emitted from the light-guiding element from being directed to the light-receiving element.
  • the light-receiving element receives the incident light beam and passes through the user. After the exit beam, the optical signal of the exit beam is converted into an electrical signal for biological feature detection.
  • the incident light beam is directed at the user in a direction perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the skin surface of the user, the transmission depth of the incident light beam in the user’s biological tissue can be made deeper, and the perfusion index of the optical signal received by the light receiving element can be improved.
  • the requirements of the biometric detection device for the use environment can be reduced. Even when the biometric detection device is not in good contact with the user's biological tissue or the user's biological tissue is too thick, due to the increase in the perfusion index, the accuracy can still be obtained. Biometric test results.
  • FIG. 1 is a first structural diagram of a biological feature detection device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an incident light beam provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 3 is a first structural diagram of a light guide provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a second structural diagram of a light guide provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5 is a second structural diagram of the biological feature detection device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is the third structural schematic diagram of the biometric detection device provided by the embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of a biometric detection device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a fourth structural diagram of a biological feature detection device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 9 is a first structural schematic diagram of a light concentrator provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a second structural diagram of a light concentrating element provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be These terms are restricted. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer and/or section from other elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections. Thus, the first element, component, region, layer and/or section discussed below may be denoted as a second element, component, region, layer and/or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.
  • Photoplethysmograph is a method that uses the reflection or transmission of light by human tissues to evaluate information about blood perfusion.
  • a light beam of a certain wavelength irradiates the surface of the skin, the light beam will be transmitted to the light receiving element through transmission, reflection, and scattering.
  • the light intensity detected by the light receiving element will be weakened.
  • the absorption of light by the skin and muscle tissue remains constant throughout the blood circulation, while the blood volume in the skin changes pulsatingly under the action of the heart. When the heart contracts, the peripheral blood volume is the largest.
  • the amount of light absorption is also the largest, and the light intensity detected by the light receiving element is the smallest; when the heart is in diastole, on the contrary, the light intensity detected by the light receiving element is the largest, so that the light intensity received by the light receiving element is pulsating. Sexual change.
  • this light intensity change signal By converting this light intensity change signal into an electrical signal, the change in volume pulse blood flow can be obtained.
  • volume pulse blood flow contains many important physiological information of the cardiovascular system such as heartbeat function and blood flow.
  • PPG signal has a good application prospect in the non-invasive detection of human blood pressure, blood flow, blood oxygen, cerebral oxygen, muscle oxygen, blood sugar, pulse rate, microcirculation, vascular resistance, respiration rate, respiratory volume and other biological characteristic parameters.
  • the existing biometric detection device includes a light source and a light receiving element.
  • the light source emits a light beam directly to the skin.
  • the emitted light beam will be reflected, absorbed and scattered in the skin tissue and blood and then received by the light receiving element.
  • Existing biometric detection devices have high requirements for the use environment. They need to have good contact with the wearer, and the wearer’s skin tissue should not be too thick. When the wearing position is shifted or the wearer’s skin tissue is too thick, The weakening of the light signal received by the light receiving element will lead to inaccurate detection results.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram 1 of a biometric detection device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the biometric detection device of the present application includes: a light emitting element 101, a light guide 102, a light blocking element 103, and a light receiving element 104 .
  • the light emitting element 101 is used to emit an original light beam of a set wavelength to the user.
  • the light guide 102 is disposed on the light-emitting element 101, and is used to adjust the original light beam emitted by the light-emitting element 101 to an incident light beam directed at the user in a preset direction, wherein the preset direction is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the surface of the user's skin .
  • the light blocking member 103 is arranged between the light guiding member 102 and the light receiving member 104, and is used for blocking the light beam emitted by the light emitting member 101 from being directed to the light receiving member 104 and blocking the light beam emitted by the light guiding member 102 from being directed to the light receiving member 104.
  • the light receiving element 104 is used to receive the emitted light beam after the incident light beam passes through the user, and convert the optical signal of the emitted light beam into an electrical signal for biometric detection.
  • the set wavelength is a wavelength that can be used to detect biological characteristics.
  • the original light beam may be visible light, for example, green light, blue light, red light, etc.; the original light beam may also be invisible light, such as infrared light, near-infrared light, etc.
  • the original beam can be a beam with a single wavelength, or a beam with two or more wavelengths, for example, the original beam is green light with a wavelength of 550nm, or the original beam is red light with a wavelength of 650nm and a wavelength of 940nm Near infrared light.
  • the original light beam emitted by the light-emitting element 101 is directed to the light guide 102, and the light guide 102 can reduce the divergence angle of the original light beam, so that the original light beam becomes parallel or nearly parallel beams emitted from the light guide 102 to obtain the incident light beam and make
  • the incident light beam hits the user in a direction perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the user's skin surface, wherein the divergence angle of the incident light beam is less than or equal to 20 degrees.
  • the preset direction is the extension direction of the centerline of the incident beam, and the angle between the preset direction and the vertical direction of the skin surface is ⁇ .
  • the range of ⁇ is, for example, 0 to 5 degrees.
  • the incident The light beam is directed perpendicularly to the skin of the user.
  • ⁇ is greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 5 degrees, the incident light beam is approximately perpendicular to the skin of the user.
  • Approximately vertical means that the angle between the incident light beam and the vertical direction of the user's skin surface is small.
  • the light signal received by the light receiving element 104 is related to the volume change of the skin blood flow, and contains a DC component and an AC component, where the AC component mainly reflects the absorption of arterial blood.
  • the ratio of the AC component to the DC component is the perfusion index. The larger the perfusion index, the more accurate the biometric detection result.
  • the incident light beam hits the human body in a direction perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the surface of the human skin, the light travels deeper in the human tissue, the light penetrates the area containing arteries and blood vessels more easily, and the light receiving element 104 receives more AC components , To increase the perfusion index.
  • the perfusion index is the largest, and the biometric detection result is the most accurate.
  • the light blocking member 103 is disposed between the light guiding member 102 and the light receiving member 104, and is used to block the light receiving member 104 from receiving the light beam emitted by the light emitting member 101 and the light beam emitted by the light guiding member 102 from being directed toward the light receiving member 104, that is, blocking
  • the light element 103 blocks the light receiving element 104 from receiving the light beam emitted from the light emitting element 101 to the light receiving element 104, and blocks the light receiving element 104 from receiving the light beam emitted from the light guide 102 to the light receiving element 104, thereby avoiding unprocessed by the user
  • the light beam enters the light receiving element 104 and interferes with the detection result.
  • the light blocking member 103 can be realized by using an opaque material, and the light blocking member 103 is light-absorbing and can absorb the light beam irradiated on the light blocking member 103.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the light blocking member 103 may be a bar shape, a circle shape, a diamond shape, an irregular shape, and the like.
  • the light receiving element 104 is connected to the processor. After the incident light beam is directed to the user, it is reflected, transmitted and scattered by the human tissue to obtain the outgoing light beam.
  • the light receiving element 104 receives the outgoing light beam and converts the optical signal of the outgoing light beam into an electrical signal for biometric detection.
  • the device processes the electrical signal to obtain biological characteristics such as blood pressure, blood flow, blood oxygen, cerebral oxygen, muscle oxygen, blood sugar, pulse rate, microcirculation, vascular resistance, respiration rate, and respiratory volume.
  • the biometric detection device of the embodiment of the present application includes a light-emitting element, a light guide element, a light blocking element, and a light receiving element.
  • the light-emitting element emits an original light beam with a set wavelength to the user, and the light-guiding element adjusts the original light beam emitted by the light-emitting element to An incident light beam directed at the user in a preset direction, where the preset direction is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the surface of the user's skin, and the light blocking member blocks the light receiving element from receiving the light beam emitted by the light emitting element and the direction of the light beam emitted by the light guide element
  • the light receiving element receives the output beam of the incident light beam processed by the user, and converts the optical signal of the output beam into an electrical signal for biological feature detection.
  • the transmission depth of the incident light beam in the user’s biological tissue can be made deeper, and the perfusion index of the optical signal received by the light receiving element can be improved. Therefore, the requirements of the biometric detection device for the use environment can be reduced. Even when the biometric detection device is not in good contact with the user's biological tissue or the user's biological tissue is too thick, due to the increase in the perfusion index, the accuracy can still be obtained. Biometric test results.
  • the light receiving element 104 may be a photoelectric conversion element.
  • the light receiving element 104 may be one photodiode, or may include multiple photodiodes, and the multiple photodiodes are arranged in an array. Multiple photodiodes can be uniformly arranged into rectangles, circles, diamonds and irregular shapes. Compared with one photodiode, multiple photodiodes can receive more light signals, thereby further improving the accuracy of biometric detection results.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram 1 of a light guide provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the light guide 102 includes a light incident surface 11 and a light exit surface 12.
  • the side of the light guide 102 facing away from the light emitting element 101.
  • the inner wall of the circumferential side wall of the light guide 102 is provided with a reflective surface 13, and the reflective surface 13 is used to reflect the original light beam passing through the light incident surface 11 to a predetermined direction.
  • the original light beam emitted by the light-emitting element 101 enters the light guide 102 after being refracted by the light incident surface 11, and after being reflected by the reflective surface 13, the divergence angle of the original light beam is reduced, so that the original light beam becomes parallel or approximately parallel.
  • the light beam is emitted from the light emitting surface 12 and directed toward the user in a direction perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the surface of the user's skin.
  • the embodiment of the present application has a simple structure, and the divergence angle of the original light beam can be reduced only by the reflective surface 13, and the original light beam can be turned into a parallel or approximately parallel beam. The vertical direction shoots towards the user.
  • the cross section of the light guide 102 gradually increases from the light incident surface 11 of the light guide 102 to the light exit surface 12 of the light guide 102. That is, the light guide 102 gradually expands outward along the light guide direction to form a shape similar to a horn.
  • the reflective surface 13 located in the circumferential direction of the light guide 102 will also remain relatively inclined to the extending direction of the light guide 102.
  • the reflective surface 13 is a curved surface.
  • the curvature of the reflective surface 13 corresponding to this structure can make the light beam directed to the reflective surface 13 have a smaller divergence angle after reflection, so that the reflected light
  • the light beams are emitted in parallel or approximately parallel light beams, and are directed toward the user in a direction perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the surface of the user's skin.
  • the circumferential edge of the light-emitting surface 12 extends in a direction away from the light-emitting element 101. That is, the reflective surface 13 extends in a direction away from the light emitting element 101, so as to prevent the original light beam emitted by the light emitting element 101 from being refracted by the light incident surface 11 into the light guide 102, and not irradiating the reflective surface 13, but directly emitted from the light emitting surface 12. , Resulting in light leakage.
  • the central area of the light-emitting surface 12 of the light guide member 102 protrudes toward the side away from the light-emitting member 101. Since the light guide 102 has a certain radial width, after part of the original light beam is refracted into the light guide 102 through the central area of the light incident surface 11, its propagation direction in the light guide 102 is different from the axial direction of the light guide 102. The included angle is small, and it may not be irradiated on the reflective surface 13 located at the edge area of the light guide 102, but only on the central area of the light-emitting surface 12.
  • the central area of the light-emitting surface 12 is convex to the side away from the light-emitting element 101, so that this part of the light-emitting surface 12 forms a convex lens surface, so that the light
  • the light beam reaching the central area of the light-emitting surface 12 has a small divergence angle after being refracted, so that the refracted light beam is parallel or nearly parallel.
  • the light beam is emitted from the light-emitting surface 12 and directed in a direction perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the user's skin surface. user.
  • the bottom of the light guide 102 has an avoiding groove 14, the opening of the avoiding groove 14 faces the light-emitting member 101, and the light-emitting member 101 is at least partially located inside the avoiding groove 14.
  • the inner wall surface of the avoiding groove 14 is the light incident surface 11, wherein the inner wall surface includes a side wall surface and a bottom wall surface protruding toward the side of the light emitting element 101. The original light beam emitted by the light emitting element 101 enters the light guide 102 from the inner wall surface of the avoiding groove 14.
  • part or all of the light-emitting element 101 is placed inside the avoiding groove 14 to reduce the space occupied by the light-emitting element 101 and thereby reduce the size of the biometric detection device.
  • Fig. 4 is a second structural diagram of a light guide provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the light guide 102 is a collimating lens
  • the light incident surface 21 of the collimating lens faces the light emitting element 101
  • the surface 22 faces away from the light emitting element 101
  • the light incident surface 21 of the collimating lens is in a sawtooth shape.
  • the light incident surface 21 includes a central incident area and an edge incident area surrounding the central incident area.
  • the central incident area protrudes toward one side of the light emitting element 101, and the edge incident area is provided with a plurality of teeth surrounding the central incident area.
  • Part of the original light beam is refracted by the entrance surface 21 of the central incident area and enters the light guide 102.
  • the part of the original light beam that enters the light guide 102 has a smaller divergence angle after being refracted, so that the refracted part of the original light beam is parallel or nearly parallel.
  • the light beam is emitted from the light exit surface 22.
  • Part of the original light beam is refracted by the light entrance surface 21 of the edge incident area and enters the light guide 102.
  • the part of the original light beam entering the light guide 102 has a smaller divergence angle after reflection, so that the reflected part of the original light
  • the parallel or nearly parallel light beams are emitted from the light-emitting surface 22, and the light beams emitted from the light-emitting surface 22 are directed toward the user in a direction perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the skin surface of the user.
  • the light guide shown in FIG. 4 has a thinner thickness than the light guide structure of FIG. 3, which can reduce the size of the biometric detection device, which is beneficial to the miniaturization and portability of the device.
  • FIG. 5 is the second structural diagram of the biometric detection device provided by the embodiment of the application.
  • the light-emitting element 101 of the present application includes a first light-emitting unit 1011 and a second light-emitting unit 1012.
  • the first light emitting unit 1011 emits an original light beam having a first wavelength
  • the second light emitting unit 1012 emits an original light beam having a second wavelength, wherein the first wavelength and the second wavelength are different.
  • the first wavelength range is 600 nm to 800 nm
  • the second wavelength range is 800 nm to 1000 nm.
  • the incident light beam includes: the original light beam emitted by the first light-emitting unit 1011 is transformed into a first incident light beam through the light guide 102, and the original light beam emitted by the second light-emitting unit 1012 is transformed into a second incident light beam through the light guide 102.
  • the outgoing light beam includes: a first outgoing light beam after the first incident light beam passes through the user, and a second outgoing light beam after the second incident light beam passes through the user.
  • the first light-emitting unit 1011 may be a light-emitting diode (full name Light Emitting Diode, LED for short) that emits red light
  • the second light-emitting unit 1012 may be an LED that emits near-infrared light
  • the first light-emitting unit 1011 is an LED that emits near-infrared light
  • the second light-emitting unit 1012 is an LED that emits red light.
  • the red light and near-infrared light can detect biological characteristics such as blood oxygen saturation and heart rate. It should be understood that the original light beam may also be light beams of other wavelengths, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the light-emitting element 101 is connected to a control circuit, and the control circuit controls the first light-emitting unit 1011 and the second light-emitting unit 1012 so that the first light-emitting unit 1011 and the second light-emitting unit 1012 light up in time.
  • the control circuit controls the first light-emitting unit 1011 to turn on and controls the second light-emitting unit 1012 to turn off; in the second time period, the control circuit controls the second light-emitting unit 1012 to turn on, and controls the second light-emitting unit 1012 to turn on.
  • a light-emitting unit 1011 goes out.
  • the first time period and the second time period may be the same or different, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first time period and the second time period are both 10 milliseconds.
  • the first light emitting unit 1011 will emit the original light beam with the first wavelength to the light guide 102.
  • the light guide 102 can reduce the divergence angle of the original light beam with the first wavelength, and will have the first wavelength.
  • the original light beam of the wavelength becomes a parallel or approximately parallel light beam to obtain the first incident light beam, and the first incident light beam is directed toward the user in a preset direction, where the preset direction refers to the surface of the first incident light beam and the user’s skin Vertically or approximately vertically, the light receiving element 104 receives the first outgoing light beam after the first incident light beam passes through the user.
  • the second light emitting unit 1012 will emit the original light beam with the second wavelength to the light guide 102.
  • the light guide 102 can reduce the divergence angle of the original light beam with the second wavelength, and will have the first light beam.
  • the original light beam with two wavelengths becomes a parallel or approximately parallel light beam to obtain a second incident light beam, and the second incident light beam is directed toward the user in a preset direction, where the preset direction refers to the difference between the second incident light beam and the user’s skin
  • the surface is vertical or approximately vertical, and the light receiving element 104 receives the second outgoing light beam after the second incident light beam passes through the user.
  • the light receiving element 104 converts the received optical signals of the first outgoing beam and the second outgoing beam into electrical signals for biometric detection.
  • two light beams with different wavelengths are emitted to the user through the first light-emitting unit and the second light-emitting unit, whereby, the accuracy of the detection results of blood oxygen saturation and heart rate can be improved.
  • Blood oxygen saturation refers to the ratio of the volume of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO 2 ) to the volume of deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) in the blood.
  • Oxyhemoglobin (HbO 2 ) and deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) in the blood have unique absorption spectra in the red light region and near-infrared light region.
  • the absorption coefficient of Hb in the red light region from 600nm to 800nm is higher.
  • the absorption coefficient of HbO 2 in the near-infrared spectral region of 1000 nm is higher, so the blood oxygen saturation is detected by red light and near-infrared light.
  • the first light emitting unit 1011 may be a red light LED with a light emitting wavelength of 660 nm
  • the second light emitting unit 1012 may be a near-infrared light LED with a light emitting wavelength of 940 nm.
  • the control circuit controls the first light-emitting unit 1011 to turn on, and controls the second light-emitting unit 1012 to turn off, and the light guide 102 adjusts the original light beam emitted by the first light-emitting unit to be directed toward the user in a preset direction.
  • the light receiving element 104 receives the first outgoing light beam after the first incident light beam passes through the user; in the second time period, the control circuit controls the second light-emitting unit 1012 to turn on and the first light-emitting unit 1011 to turn off,
  • the light guide 102 adjusts the original light beam emitted by the second light-emitting unit into a second incident light beam directed toward the user in a preset direction, and the light receiving element 104 receives the second outgoing light beam after the second incident light beam passes through the user.
  • the light receiving element 104 photoelectrically converts the received optical signal of the first outgoing beam and the second outgoing beam to generate an electrical signal for biometric detection.
  • the electrical signal includes a DC component and an AC component, and processes
  • the device determines the blood oxygen saturation based on the electrical signal. Specifically, the processor determines the blood oxygen saturation SpO 2 according to the following formula:
  • a and B are calibration constants
  • Red AC is the AC component of the electrical signal generated by the light receiver according to the received optical signal of the first outgoing beam
  • Red DC is the AC component of the light receiver according to the received first outgoing beam.
  • IR AC is the AC component of the electrical signal generated by the light receiving element according to the received optical signal of the second outgoing beam
  • IR DC is the AC component of the electric signal generated by the light receiving element according to the received second outgoing beam
  • the direct current component of the electrical signal generated by the optical signal, R is the characteristic value of blood oxygen saturation.
  • the method for determining the ratio of the AC components includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Perform filtering processing on the electrical signal generated according to the received optical signal of the first outgoing beam and the electrical signal generated according to the received optical signal of the second outgoing beam, respectively;
  • Step 2 Determine the DC component of the electrical signal generated by the received optical signal of the first exit beam, the AC component of the electrical signal generated by the received optical signal of the first exit beam, and the received optical signal of the second exit beam The direct current component of the generated electrical signal and the alternating current component of the electrical signal generated by the received optical signal of the second outgoing beam;
  • Step 3 Perform spectrum analysis on the AC component of the electrical signal generated by the received optical signal of the first outgoing beam and the AC component of the electrical signal generated by the received optical signal of the second outgoing beam to obtain the corresponding first frequency Energy distribution and second frequency energy distribution;
  • Step 4 Extract the signal corresponding to the frequency with the largest energy value from the first frequency energy distribution as the first pulse wave base signal, and extract the signal corresponding to the frequency with the largest energy value from the second frequency energy distribution as the second pulse wave base signal ,
  • Step 5 The energy ratio of the first pulse base signal to the second pulse base signal is the ratio of the AC component Red AC /Red DC .
  • the blood oxygen saturation can be obtained by the above method.
  • the light guide 102 is a center symmetric structure, and the first light emitting unit 1011 and the second light emitting unit 1012 are close to the center line of the light guide 102 and are arranged symmetrically.
  • the light guide 102 is symmetrical about its center line, the first light emitting unit 1011 and the second light emitting unit 1012 are arranged side by side, and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center line of the light guide 102, the first light emitting unit 1011 Both the second light emitting unit 1012 and the second light emitting unit 1012 are close to the center line of the light guide 102.
  • the distance from the first light emitting unit 1011 to the center line of the light guide 102 and the distance from the second light emitting unit 1012 to the center line of the light guide 102 are both less than or equal to 2 millimeters.
  • the distance from the first light emitting unit 1011 to the center line of the light guide 102 may be the distance from the center line of the first light emitting unit 1011 to the center line of the light guide 102.
  • the second light emitting unit 1012 to the light guide 102 The distance from the center line of 102 may be the distance from the center line of the second sending unit 1012 to the center line of the light guide 102.
  • the original light beam emitted by the first light-emitting unit 1011 and the second light can be made
  • the original light beam emitted by the unit 1012 enters the light guide 102 from a similar position of the light guide 102, so that the first incident light beam and the second incident light beam are emitted from the similar positions of the light guide 102, and are directed toward the skin of the user.
  • the first incident light beam and the second incident light beam are processed by the tissue at the similar position of the human body to obtain the outgoing light beam.
  • the embodiments of the present application can further improve the accuracy of the biometric detection result.
  • the device of the embodiment of the application further includes a homogenizing member 105.
  • the light homogenizing member 105 is arranged between the light emitting member 101 and the light guiding member 102.
  • the light homogenizing member 105 makes the original light beam emitted by the first light-emitting unit 1011 radiate to the light guide 102 uniformly, and the original light beam emitted by the second light-emitting unit 1012 to radiate the light guide 102 uniformly.
  • the original light beam emitted by the first light-emitting unit 1011 and the original light beam emitted by the second light-emitting unit 1012 become uniformly distributed light beams after being homogenized by the light homogenizing member 105, so that the first light-emitting unit 1011 Both the emitted original light beam and the original light beam emitted by the second light-emitting unit 1012 can be uniformly directed to the light guide 102, so that the original light beam emitted by the first light-emitting unit 1011 and the original light beam emitted by the second light-emitting unit 1012 are transmitted from the light guide 102.
  • the embodiments of the present application can further improve the accuracy of the biometric detection result.
  • the homogenizing member 105 may be a homogenizing film attached to the light-emitting member 101.
  • the embodiment of the present application adopts the homogenizing film, which can reduce the size of the biological feature detection device.
  • the light receiving element 104 may be arranged on the side of the light guide 102 in a square shape, as shown in FIG. 1, sequentially arranged from the side close to the light guide 102 to the side far away from the light guide 102 The light blocking member 103 and the light receiving member 104.
  • the light receiving element 104 is arranged on one side of the light guide 102, which can reduce the size of the biometric detection device.
  • the light receiving element 104 may also be arranged around the periphery of the light guide 102, and the light receiving element 104 may be arranged around the periphery of the light guide 102 in a ring shape or a “mouth” shape.
  • the light receiving element 104 is arranged on the periphery of the light guiding element 102, which can increase the area of the light receiving element 104 to receive light signals, so that the light receiving element 104 can receive more light signals, thereby further improving the accuracy of the biometric detection result.
  • the light blocking member 103 is arranged around the periphery of the light guide member 102. As shown in FIG. 7, the light blocking member 103 and the light receiving member 104 are sequentially surrounded by the light guide member 102.
  • the light blocking member 103 may be arranged around the periphery of the light guide member 102 in a ring shape or a “mouth” shape or the like.
  • the light blocking member 103 is arranged around the periphery of the light guiding member 102, which can improve the light blocking effect, thereby reducing the intensity of the interference signal received by the light receiving member 104, and further improving the accuracy of the biometric detection result.
  • FIG. 8 is a fourth structural diagram of the biometric detection device provided by the embodiment of the application.
  • the device of the embodiment of the application further includes a light-concentrating member 106.
  • the light condensing element 106 is arranged on the light incident side of the light receiving element 104 and is used to converge the outgoing light beam at the light receiving element 104.
  • the light collecting member 106 completely covers the light receiving member 104.
  • the light-receiving member 104 can receive more light signals, and the anti-interference ability of the biometric detection device is improved.
  • the installation method of the light concentrator 106 may be direct bonding, injection molding, nano-imprinting, pouring, etc.
  • the specific installation method is not an improvement of the embodiment of the present application, and will not be repeated in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram 1 of the structure of the light concentrating element provided by the embodiment of the application.
  • the light concentrating element 106 in the embodiment of the present application includes a lens, the lens faces the light receiving element 104, and the light incident surface of the lens is convex.
  • the light-emitting surface is flat.
  • the lens may be a collimating microlens.
  • the light-incident surface of the lens that is, the side facing the outside of the biometric detection device, is set as a convex surface. Since the shape of the light-incident surface will not be limited by the internal space of the device, the convex surface can have a larger curvature to achieve better The light-gathering effect improves the anti-interference ability of the biometric detection device.
  • the focal point f of the lens coincides with the center point c of the upper surface of the light receiving element 104, that is, the light receiving element 104 is arranged at the focal point of the lens, so that the condensing element 106 can be further improved.
  • the light-gathering effect further improves the anti-interference ability of the biometric detection device.
  • FIG. 10 is the second structural diagram of the light concentrating element provided by the embodiment of the application.
  • the light concentrating element 106 includes a micro lens array, and the side of the micro lens array facing away from the light receiving element 104 is a flat surface.
  • the microlens array has a plurality of microlenses that are convex toward the light receiving element 104. Compared with the lenses, the microlens array has a better light-gathering effect.
  • the side of the microlens array facing away from the light receiving element 104 is a flat surface, that is, the side of the microlens array facing the user's skin is a flat surface, which can prevent the microlens array from hiding dirt and facilitate keeping the microlens array clean.
  • the micro lens array and the light receiving element can be an integral structure.
  • the microlens array and the light receiving element 104 can be formed simultaneously by injection molding, for example, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or polycarbonate (PC) is directly integrated into one body.
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • PC polycarbonate
  • the type of micro lens array and the light receiving element 104 are easy to install.
  • the distance between the light guide member 102 and the light receiving member 104 is greater than 4 millimeters and less than 20 millimeters.
  • the distance from the light guide 102 to the light receiver 104 is the distance from the center line of the guide light 102 to the center line of the light receiver 104. If the distance between the light guide 102 and the light receiver 104 is less than or equal to 4 mm, the light receiver 104 will receive more light transmitted by the skin surface; if the distance between the light guide 102 and the light receiver 104 is greater than or equal to 20 mm , Will cause the intensity of the light signal received by the light receiving element 104 to decrease.
  • the distance between the center line of the light guide 102 and the light receiver 104 is greater than 4 mm and less than 20 mm, which reduces the skin surface transmission received by the light receiver 104 on the one hand. On the other hand, it ensures that the light receiving element 104 receives more outgoing light beams processed by the user.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a smart wearable device, including the biometric detection device described in any of the foregoing embodiments, and having the beneficial effects of any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • smart wearable devices include, but are not limited to, bracelets and smart watches.

Abstract

一种生物特征检测装置及智能穿戴设备，生物特征检测装置包括发光件（101）、导光件（102）、挡光件（103）和光接收件（104）；发光件（101）用于向用户发射设定波长的原始光束；导光件（102）设置在发光件（101）之上，用于将发光件（101）发射的原始光束调整为以预设方向射向皮肤的入射光束，其中，预设方向与皮肤的表面垂直或近似垂直；挡光件（103）设置在导光件（102）与光接收件（104）之间，用于阻挡发光件（101）发出的光束射向光接收件（104）以及阻挡导光件（102）出射的光束射向光接收件（104）；光接收件（104）用于接收入射光束经过用户后的出射光束，并将出射光束的光信号转化为用于进行生物特征检测的电信号。生物特征检测装置能够提高生物特征检测结果的准确性。

Description

生物特征检测装置及智能穿戴设备 技术领域
本申请涉及生物识别技术领域，尤其涉及一种生物特征检测装置及智能穿戴设备。
背景技术
血氧饱和度、心率、呼吸率等生物特征是重要的生理参数，例如，血液中被氧结合的氧合血红蛋白的容量占全部可结合的血红蛋白容量的百分比，即血液中血氧的浓度，它是呼吸循环的重要生理参数。
光电容积波描记法(Photo Plethysmo Graphy，PPG)是一种利用人体组织对光的反射或透射来评价血流灌注有关信息的方法，通过PPG能够检测生物特征。现有的生物特征检测装置包括光源和光接收件，光源直接向皮肤发射光束，发射光束将在皮肤组织和血液中反射、吸收和散射，到达光接收件上的光信号被转换为PPG电信号，对PPG电信号进行处理即得到血氧饱和度、心率、呼吸率等生物特征。
然而，发明人发现，现有的生物特征检测装置对使用环境要求较高，不仅需要与佩戴者的皮肤紧密接触，而且要求佩戴者的皮肤组织不能太厚，才能准确检测生物特征。在接触不良或者佩戴者的皮肤组织太厚时，容易导致生物特征检测结果不准确。
发明内容
本申请提供一种生物特征检测装置及智能穿戴设备，能够提高生物特征检测结果的准确性。
第一方面，本申请提供一种生物特征检测装置，包括：
发光件、导光件、挡光件和光接收件；
所述发光件用于向用户发射设定波长的原始光束；
所述导光件设置在所述发光件之上，用于将所述发光件发射的所述原始光束调整为以预设方向射向所述用户的入射光束，其中，所述预设方向与所 述用户的皮肤的表面垂直或近似垂直；
所述挡光件设置在所述导光件与所述光接收件之间，用于阻挡所述发光件发出的光束射向所述光接收件以及阻挡所述导光件出射的光束射向所述光接收件；
所述光接收件用于接收所述入射光束经过所述用户后的出射光束，并将所述出射光束的光信号转化为用于进行生物特征检测的电信号。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述导光件的入光面朝向所述发光件，所述导光件的出光面位于所述导光件的背离所述发光件的一侧，且所述导光件的周向侧壁的内壁设有反光面，所述反光面用于将经过所述入光面的所述原始光束反射至所述预设方向。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述导光件的横截面自所述导光件的入光面到所述导光件的出光面方向逐渐增大。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述出光面的周向边缘向背离所述发光件的方向延伸。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述导光件的出光面的中心区域向背离所述发光件一侧凸出。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述导光件的底部具有避让凹槽，所述避让凹槽的开口面向所述发光件，所述发光件至少部分位于所述避让凹槽内部。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述导光件为准直透镜，所述准直透镜的入光面朝向所述发光件，所述准直透镜的出光面背离所述发光件，且所述准直透镜的入光面呈锯齿状。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述发光件包括并列设置的第一发光单元和第二发光单元；
所述第一发光单元发射具有第一波长的原始光束，所述第二发光单元发射具有第二波长的原始光束，其中，所述第一波长与所述第二波长不相同。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述导光件为中心对称结构；所述第一发光单元和所述第二发光单元靠近所述导光件的中心线且对称设置。
一种可能的实现方式中，还包括设置在所述发光件和所述导光件之间的匀光件，用于使所述第一发光单元发射的原始光束以及所述第二发光单元发射的原始光束都均匀的射向所述导光件。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述匀光件为贴设在所述发光件上的匀光膜。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述光接收件呈方形的设置在所述导光件的一侧，或所述光接收件围设在所述导光件的外围。
一种可能的实现方式中，还包括聚光件；所述聚光件设置在所述光接收件的入光侧，用于将所述出射光束汇聚在所述光接收件处。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述聚光件包括透镜，所述透镜面向所述光接收件，所述透镜的入光面为凸面，出光面为平面。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述聚光件包括微透镜阵列，所述微透镜阵列的背离所述光接收件的一面为平面。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述微透镜阵列与所述光接收件为一体式结构。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述挡光件围设在所述导光件的周向外侧。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述导光件的中心线与所述光接收件的中心线的距离大于4毫米且小于20毫米。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种智能穿戴设备，包括如本申请实施例第一方面任一项所述的生物特征检测装置。
本申请实施例提供一种生物特征检测装置及智能穿戴设备，生物特征检测装置包括发光件、导光件、挡光件和光接收件，通过发光件向用户发射设定波长的原始光束，导光件设置在发光件之上，通过导光件将发光件发射的原始光束调整为以预设方向射向用户的入射光束，其中，预设方向与用户的皮肤的表面垂直或近似垂直，挡光件设置在导光件与光接收件之间，通过挡光件阻挡发光件发出的光束射向光接收件以及阻挡导光件出射的光束射向光接收件，光接收件接收入射光束经过用户后的出射光束，并将出射光束的光信号转化为用于生物特征检测的电信号。本申请实施例由于入射光束以与用户的皮肤表面垂直或近似垂直的方向射向用户，能够使入射光束在用户的生物组织内传输的深度更深，提高光接收件接收的光信号的灌注指数，从而能够降低生物特征检测装置对使用环境的要求，即便是在生物特征检测装置与用户的生物组织接触不够好或用户的生物组织太厚的情况下，由于灌注指数的提高，依然能够得到准确的生物特征检测结果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的生物特征检测装置的结构示意图一；
图2为本申请实施例提供的入射光束的示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的导光件的结构示意图一；
图4为本申请实施例提供的导光件的结构示意图二；
图5为本申请实施例提供的生物特征检测装置的结构示意图二；
图6为本申请实施例提供的生物特征检测装置的结构示意图三；
图7为本申请实施例提供的生物特征检测装置的俯视图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的生物特征检测装置的结构示意图四；
图9为本申请实施例提供的聚光件的结构示意图一；
图10为本申请实施例提供的聚光件的结构示意图二。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
应当理解，虽然这里可以使用术语“第一”、“第二”等来描述各种元件、组件、区域、层和/或部分，但这些元件、组件、区域、层和/或部分不应当被这些术语限制。这些术语仅仅用于将一个元件、组件、区域、层和/或部分与其他元件、组件、区域、层和/或部分区分。因而，下面讨论的第一元件、组件、区域、层和/或部分可以被记作第二元件、组件、区域、层和/或部分而不背离示例实施例的教导。
这里使用的术语仅仅用于描述特定示范性实施例的目的，而非意在限制示范性实施例。这里使用的单数形式“一个”、“一”和“该”同样打算包括复数形式，除非上下文清楚地另有指明。还应当理解，术语“包括”和/或 “包含”当在说明书中使用时，表示存在所述特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、和/或组件，但不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、组件、和/或其群组。
光电容积波描记法(Photo Plethysmo Graphy，PPG)是一种利用人体组织对光的反射或透射来评价血流灌注有关信息的方法。当一定波长的光束照射到皮肤表面时，光束将通过透射、反射、散射等方式传送到光接收件。在此过程中，由于受到皮肤肌肉和血液的吸收衰减作用，光接收件检测到的光强度将减弱。其中，皮肤、肌肉组织等对光的吸收在整个血液循环中是保持恒定不变的，而皮肤内的血液容积在心脏作用下呈搏动性变化，当心脏收缩时，外周血容量最多，血液对光的吸收量也最大，光接收件检测到的光强度最小；而在心脏舒张时，正好相反，光接收件检测到的光强度最大，从而使光接收件接收到的光强度随之呈脉动性变化。将此光强度变化信号转换成电信号，便可获得容积脉搏血流的变化。
由此可见，容积脉搏血流中包含有心搏功能、血液流动等诸多心血管系统的重要生理信息。PPG信号在人体血压、血流、血氧、脑氧、肌氧、血糖、脉率、微循环、血管阻力、呼吸率、呼吸量等生物特征参数的无创检测中都有很好的应用前景。
现有的生物特征检测装置包括光源和光接收件，由光源直接向皮肤发射光束，发射光束将在皮肤组织和血液中反射、吸收和散射后由光接收件接收。现有的生物特征检测装置对使用环境要求较高，需要生物特征检测装置与佩戴者接触良好，且佩戴者的皮肤组织不能太厚，在佩戴位置偏移或佩戴者皮肤组织太厚时，由于光接收件接收到的光信号减弱，会导致检测结果不准确。
而本申请的技术方案，旨在解决现有技术的如上问题。
图1为本申请实施例提供的生物特征检测装置的结构示意图一，如图1所示，本申请的生物特征检测装置包括：发光件101、导光件102、挡光件103和光接收件104。发光件101用于向用户发射设定波长的原始光束。导光件102设置在发光件101之上，用于将发光件101发射的原始光束调整为以预设方向射向用户的入射光束，其中，预设方向与用户的皮肤的表面垂直或近似垂直。挡光件103设置在导光件102与光接收件104之间，用于阻挡发光件101发出的光束射向光接收件104以及阻挡导光件102出射的光束射向 光接收件104。光接收件104用于接收入射光束经过用户后的出射光束，并将出射光束的光信号转化为用于进行生物特征检测的电信号。
在本申请实施例中，设定波长为能够用于检测生物特征的波长。原始光束可以为可见光，例如，绿色光、蓝色光、红色光等；原始光束也可以为不可见光，例如红外光、近红外光等。原始光束可以为具有单一波长的光束，也可以为具有两种或两种以上波长的光束，例如，原始光束为波长为550nm的绿光，或者原始光束为波长为650nm的红光和波长为940nm的近红外光。
发光件101发射的原始光束射向导光件102，导光件102能够减小原始光束的发散角，使原始光束变为平行或近似平行的光束从导光件102射出，得到入射光束，并使入射光束以与用户的皮肤表面垂直或近似垂直的方向射向用户，其中，入射光束的发散角小于或等于20度。如图2所示，预设方向为入射光束中心线的延伸方向，预设方向与皮肤表面的垂直方向的夹角为θ，θ的范围例如为0至5度，θ为0度时，入射光束垂直射向用户的皮肤，θ大于0度且小于或等于5度时，入射光束近似垂直射向用户的皮肤。近似垂直是指入射光束与用户的皮肤表面的垂直方向的夹角较小。
光接收件104接收的光信号与皮肤血流容积变化相关，并包含直流分量和交流分量，其中，交流分量主要反映动脉血的吸收情况。交流分量与直流分量的比值为灌注指数，灌注指数越大，生物特征检测结果越准确。当入射光束以与人体皮肤表面垂直或近似垂直的方向射向人体后，光在人体组织中传播的深度更深，光更容易穿透包含动脉血管的区域，光接收件104接收到更多交流分量，使灌注指数增大。入射光束以与人体皮肤表面垂直的方向射向人体时，灌注指数最大，生物特征检测结果最准确。
挡光件103设置在导光件102与光接收件104之间，用于阻挡光接收件104接收发光件101发出的光束以及导光件102出射的光束射向光接收件104，即，挡光件103阻挡光接收件104接收从发光件101射向光接收件104的光束，以及阻挡光接收件104接收从导光件102射向光接收件104的光束，从而避免未经用户处理的光束射入光接收件104而对检测结果造成干扰。挡光件103可以使用不透光材料实现，挡光件103具有吸光性，能够吸收照射到挡光件103上的光束。挡光件103的截面形状可以为条形、圆形、菱形以及不规则形状等。
光接收件104与处理器连接。入射光束射向用户后，经人体组织反射、透射和散射后得到出射光束，光接收件104接收出射光束，并将出射光束的光信号转化为用于进行生物特征检测的电信号，最后由处理器对该电信号进行处理，得到血压、血流、血氧、脑氧、肌氧、血糖、脉率、微循环、血管阻力、呼吸率、呼吸量等生物特征。
本申请实施例的生物特征检测装置包括发光件、导光件、挡光件和光接收件，通过发光件向用户发射设定波长的原始光束，通过导光件将发光件发射的原始光束调整为以预设方向射向用户的入射光束，其中，预设方向与用户的皮肤的表面垂直或近似垂直，通过挡光件阻挡光接收件接收发光件发出的光束以及导光件出射的光束射向光接收件，光接收件接收入射光束经用户处理后的出射光束，并将出射光束的光信号转化为用于生物特征检测的电信号。本申请实施例由于入射光束以与用户的皮肤表面垂直或近似垂直的方向射向用户，能够使入射光束在用户的生物组织内传输的深度更深，提高光接收件接收的光信号的灌注指数，从而能够降低生物特征检测装置对使用环境的要求，即便是在生物特征检测装置与用户的生物组织接触不够好或用户的生物组织太厚的情况下，由于灌注指数的提高，依然能够得到准确的生物特征检测结果。
作为本申请的一个实施例，光接收件104可以为光电转换元件，具体的，光接收件104可以为一个光电二极管，也可以包括多个光电二极管，多个光电二极管呈阵列设置。多个光电二极管可以均匀排列成矩形、圆形、菱形以及不规则形状等。与一个光电二极管相比，多个光电二极管能够接收更多光信号，从而进一步提高生物特征检测结果的准确性。
图3为本申请实施例提供的导光件的结构示意图一，如图3所示，导光件102包括入光面11、出光面12，入光面11朝向发光件101，出光面12位于导光件102的背离发光件101的一侧。导光件102的周向侧壁的内壁设有反光面13，反光面13用于将经过入光面11的原始光束反射至预设方向。
在本申请实施例中，发光件101发射的原始光束经入光面11折射进入导光件102，经反光面13反射后减小原始光束的发散角，使原始光束变为平行或近似平行的光束，并由出光面12射出后以与用户的皮肤表面垂直或近似垂直的方向射向用户。本申请实施例结构简单，仅通过反光面13就可以减小原 始光束的发散角，将原始光束变为平行或近似平行的光束，并由出光面12射出后以与用户的皮肤表面垂直或近似垂直的方向射向用户。
继续参考图3，导光件102的横截面自导光件102的入光面11到导光件102的出光面12方向逐渐增大。即导光件102沿导光方向逐渐外扩，以形成近似于喇叭的形状。这样位于导光件102周向上的反光面13，也会和导光件102的延伸方向之间保持相对倾斜，原始光束照射在反光面13上时，会被反光面13反射，并向着导光件102的出光面12的方向传播。其中，为了和不同角度的原始光束相对应，反光面13为曲面，此结构对应的反光面13的曲率能够使得射向反光面13的光束经反射后具有较小的发散角，使反射后的光束呈平行或近似平行的光束射出，且以与用户的皮肤表面垂直或近似垂直的方向射向用户。
继续参考图3，出光面12的周向边缘向背离发光件101的方向延伸。即反光面13向背离发光件101的方向延伸，从而避免发光件101发射的原始光束经入光面11折射进入导光件102后，照射不到反光面13，而是直接由出光面12射出，导致漏光。
继续参考图3，导光件102的出光面12的中心区域向背离发光件101一侧凸出。由于导光件102具有一定的径向宽度，部分原始光束经入光面11的中心区域折射进入导光件102后，其在导光件102内的传播方向与导光件102的轴向之间夹角较小，可能照射不到位于导光件102边缘区域的反光面13上，而只能照射到出光面12的中心区域。为保证这一部分光束能够呈平行或近似平行的光束从出光面12射出，出光面12的中心区域向背离发光件101一侧凸出，从而让出光面12的这部分区域形成凸透镜面，使照射到出光面12中心区域的光束折射后具有较小的发散角，使折射后的光束呈平行或近似平行的光束从出光面12射出，并以与用户的皮肤表面垂直或近似垂直的方向射向用户。
继续参考图3，导光件102的底部具有避让凹槽14，避让凹槽14的开口面向发光件101，发光件101至少部分位于避让凹槽14内部。避让凹槽14的内壁面即入光面11，其中，内壁面包括侧壁面和向发光件101一侧凸出的底壁面。发光件101发射的原始光束由避让凹槽14的内壁面射入导光件102。
通过设置避让凹槽14，将发光件101的部分或全部放置于避让凹槽14 内部，减小发光件101占据的空间，进而减小生物特征检测装置的尺寸。
图4为本申请实施例提供的导光件的结构示意图二，如图4所示，导光件102为准直透镜，准直透镜的入光面21朝向发光件101，准直透镜的出光面22背离发光件101，且准直透镜的入光面21呈锯齿状。具体的，入光面21包括中部入射区以及围在中部入射区外的边缘入射区，中部入射区朝向发光件101的一侧凸出，边缘入射区设有环绕中部入射区的多个齿，部分原始光束由中部入射区的入光面21折射进入导光件102，进入导光件102的部分原始光束折射后具有较小的发散角，使折射后的部分原始光束呈平行或近似平行的光束由出光面22射出，部分原始光束由边缘入射区的入光面21折射进入导光件102，进入导光件102的部分原始光束反射后具有较小的发散角，使反射后的部分原始光束呈平行或近似平行的光束由出光面22射出，由出光面22射出的光束以与用户的皮肤表面垂直或近似垂直的方向射向用户。
图4所示的导光件相比图3的导光件结构具有更薄的厚度，能够减小生物特征检测装置的尺寸，有利于装置的小型化和便携化。
图5为本申请实施例提供的生物特征检测装置的结构示意图二，如图5所示，本申请的发光件101包括第一发光单元1011和第二发光单元1012。第一发光单元1011发射具有第一波长的原始光束，第二发光单元1012发射具有第二波长的原始光束，其中，第一波长与第二波长不相同。例如，第一波长范围为600nm至800nm，第二波长范围为800nm至1000nm。
相应的，入射光束包括：第一发光单元1011发射的原始光束经导光件102转成的第一入射光束，以及第二发光单元1012发射的原始光束经导光件102转成的第二入射光束。出射光束包括：第一入射光束经过用户后的第一出射光束，以及第二入射光束经过用户后的第二出射光束。
在本申请实施例中，第一发光单元1011可以为发射红光的发光二极管(全称Light Emitting Diode，简称LED)，第二发光单元1012可以为发射近红外光的LED，或者，第一发光单元1011为发射近红外光的LED，第二发光单元1012为发射红光的LED，通过红光和近红外光可以检测血氧饱和度、心率等生物特征。应理解的是，原始光束也可以为其他波长的光束，本申请实施例不做具体限定。
此外，发光件101与控制电路连接，控制电路控制第一发光单元1011和 第二发光单元1012，以使第一发光单元1011和第二发光单元1012分时点亮。例如，在第一时间周期内，控制电路控制第一发光单元1011点亮，以及控制第二发光单元1012熄灭；在第二时间周期内，控制电路控制第二发光单元1012点亮，以及控制第一发光单元1011熄灭。第一时间周期与第二时间周期可以相同也可以不同，本申请实施例不做具体限定。例如，第一时间周期和第二时间周期均为10毫秒。
在第一时间周期内，第一发光单元1011将发射的具有第一波长的原始光束射向导光件102，导光件102能够减小具有第一波长的原始光束的发散角，将具有第一波长的原始光束变为平行或近似平行的光束，得到第一入射光束，并将第一入射光束以预设方向射向用户，其中，预设方向是指第一入射光束与用户的皮肤的表面垂直或近似垂直，光接收件104接收第一入射光束经用户后的第一出射光束。在第二时间周期内，第二发光单元1012将发射的具有第二波长的原始光束射向导光件102，导光件102能够减小具有第二波长的原始光束的发散角，并将具有第二波长的原始光束变为平行或近似平行的光束，得到第二入射光束，并将第二入射光束以预设方向射向用户，其中，预设方向是指第二入射光束与用户的皮肤的表面垂直或近似垂直，光接收件104接收第二入射光束经用户后的第二出射光束。光接收件104将接收到的第一出射光束的光信号和第二出射光束的光信号转化为用于进行生物特征检测的电信号。
在本申请实施例中，对于需要两种不同波长的光源检测的生物特征，例如，血氧饱和度、心率，通过第一发光单元和第二发光单元向用户发射具有不同波长的两种光束，从而能够提高血氧饱和度、心率的检测结果的准确性。
下面，以血氧饱和度为例，详细描述血氧饱和度的检测方法。
血氧饱和度是指血液中氧合血红蛋白(HbO 2)的容量与脱氧血红蛋白(Hb)的容量的比值。血液中氧合血红蛋白(HbO 2)和脱氧血红蛋白(Hb)在红光区和近红外光区有独特的吸收光谱，在波长600nm至800nm的红光区Hb的吸收系数更高，在波长800nm至1000nm的近红外光谱区HbO 2的吸收系数更高，所以通过红光和近红外光检测血氧饱和度。第一发光单元1011可以为发光波长为660nm的红光LED，第二发光单元1012可以为发光波长为940nm的近红外光LED。在第一时间周期内，控制电路控制第一发光单元1011点亮，以 及控制第二发光单元1012熄灭，导光件102将第一发光单元发射的原始光束调整为以预设方向射向用户的第一入射光束，光接收件104接收第一入射光束经过用户后的第一出射光束；在第二时间周期内，控制电路控制第二发光单元1012点亮，以及控制第一发光单元1011熄灭，导光件102将第二发光单元发射的原始光束调整为以预设方向射向用户的第二入射光束，光接收件104接收第二入射光束经过用户后的第二出射光束。光接收件104将接收到的第一出射光束的光信号和第二出射光束的光信号进行光电转换，生成用于进行生物特征检测的电信号，该电信号分别包括直流分量和交流分量，处理器根据该电信号确定血氧饱和度。具体的，处理器根据以下公式确定血氧饱和度SpO 2：
SpO 2＝A+BR，
Figure PCTCN2020097252-appb-000001
其中，A和B均为标定常数，Red AC为光接收件根据接收到的第一出射光束的光信号生成的电信号的交流分量，Red DC为光接收件根据接收到的第一出射光束的光信号生成的电信号的直流分量，IR AC为光接收件根据接收到的第二出射光束的光信号生成的电信号的交流分量，IR DC为光接收件根据接收到的第二出射光束的光信号生成的电信号的直流分量，R为血氧饱和度的特征值。
一般情况下，人体的骨骼、皮肤及静脉的光吸收系数很少发生变化，因此直流分量的比值IR AC/IR DC一般可以认为是恒定的，所以R值的大小取决于交流分量的比值Red AC/Red DC的大小。
一种可能的实现方式中，交流分量的比值的确定方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1，分别对根据接收到的第一出射光束的光信号生成的电信号和根据接收到的第二出射光束的光信号生成的电信号进行滤波处理；
步骤2，确定接收到的第一出射光束的光信号生成的电信号的直流分量、接收到的第一出射光束的光信号生成的电信号的交流分量、接收到的第二出射光束的光信号生成的电信号的直流分量和接收到的第二出射光束的光信号生成的电信号的交流分量；
步骤3，分别对接收到的第一出射光束的光信号生成的电信号的交流分 量和接收到的第二出射光束的光信号生成的电信号的交流分量进行频谱分析，得到对应的第一频率能量分布和第二频率能量分布；
步骤4，从第一频率能量分布中提取能量值最大的频率对应的信号作为第一脉搏波基信号，从第二频率能量分布中提取能量值最大的频率对应的信号作为第二脉搏波基信号，
步骤5，第一脉搏基信号与第二脉搏基信号的能量比即为交流分量的比值Red AC/Red DC。
通过上述方法即可得到血氧饱和度。
作为本申请的一个实施例，继续参考图5，导光件102为中心对称结构，第一发光单元1011和第二发光单元1012靠近导光件102的中心线且对称设置。
在本申请实施例中，导光件102关于其中心线对称，第一发光单元1011和第二发光单元1012并列设置，且对称设置在导光件102中心线的两侧，第一发光单元1011和第二发光单元1012均靠近导光件102的中心线。例如，第一发光单元1011到导光件102中心线的距离，以及第二发光单元1012到导光件102中心线的距离均小于或等于2毫米。其中，第一发光单元1011到导光件102的中心线的距离可以为第一发单元1011的中心线到导光件102的中心线的距离，同样的，第二发光单元1012到导光件102的中心线的距离可以为第二发单元1012的中心线到导光件102的中心线的距离。
由于导光件102为中心对称结构，且第一发光单元1011和第二发光单元1012靠近导光件102的中心线且对称设置，从而能够使第一发光单元1011发射的原始光束和第二发光单元1012发射的原始光束从导光件102的相近位置射入导光件102，从而使第一入射光束和第二入射光束从导光件102的相近的位置射出，并射向用户的皮肤的相近的位置，使第一入射光束和第二入射光束经人体相近位置处的组织处理后得到出射光束。本申请实施例能够进一步提高生物特征检测结果的准确性。
图6为本申请实施例提供的生物特征检测装置的结构示意图三，在上述图5所示实施例的基础上，如图6所示，本申请实施例的装置进一步包括匀光件105。匀光件105设置在发光件101和导光件102之间。匀光件105使第一发光单元1011发射的原始光束均匀射向导光件102，以及使第二发光单 元1012发射的原始光束均匀射向导光件102。
在本申请实施例中，第一发光单元1011发射的原始光束和第二发光单元1012发射的原始光束经匀光件105的匀光作用后，变为均匀分布的光束，使第一发光单元1011发射的原始光束和第二发光单元1012发射的原始光束都能够均匀的射向导光件102，从而使第一发光单元1011发射的原始光束和第二发光单元1012发射的原始光束从导光件102的相同的位置射入导光件102，从而能够使第一入射光束和第二入射光束从导光件102的相同的位置射出，并射向用户的皮肤的同一位置，使第一入射光束和第二入射光束经人体相同位置处的组织处理后得到出射光束。本申请实施例能够进一步提高生物特征检测结果的准确性。
作为本申请的一个实施例，匀光件105可以为贴设在发光件101上的匀光膜，本申请实施例采用匀光膜，能够减小生物特征检测装置的尺寸。
作为本申请的一个实施例，光接收件104可以呈方形设置在导光件102一侧，如图1所示，从靠近导光件102的一侧到远离导光件102的一侧依次设置挡光件103和光接收件104。光接收件104设置在导光件102的一侧，能够减小生物特征检测装置的尺寸。
光接收件104还可以围设在导光件102外围，光接收件104可以呈环形或“口”字形等形状围设在导光件102外围。光接收件104围设在导光件102外围，能够增加光接收件104接收光信号的面积，使光接收件104能够接收更多的光信号，从而进一步提高生物特征检测结果的准确性。
作为本申请的一个实施例，挡光件103围设在导光件102的外围。如图7所示，导光件102外围依次围设挡光件103和光接收件104。挡光件103可以呈环形或“口”字形等形状围设在导光件102外围。挡光件103围设在导光件102的外围，能够提高挡光效果，从而降低光接收件104接收到的干扰信号强度，进一步提高生物特征检测结果的准确性。
图8为本申请实施例提供的生物特征检测装置的结构示意图四，如图8所示，本申请实施例的装置还包括聚光件106。聚光件106设置在光接收件104的入光侧，用于将出射光束汇聚在光接收件104处。聚光件106完全覆盖光接收件104。本申请实施例通过聚光件106的聚光作用，能够使光接收件104接收到更多的光信号，提高生物特征检测装置的抗干扰能力。
聚光件106的安装方式可以是直接贴合、注塑、纳米压印、浇筑等，具体的安装方式不作为本申请实施例的改进，本申请实施例不再赘述。
图9为本申请实施例提供的聚光件的结构示意图一，如图9所示，本申请实施例中的聚光件106包括透镜，透镜面向光接收件104，透镜的入光面为凸面，出光面为平面。透镜可以为准直微透镜。将透镜的入光面，也就是朝向生物特征检测装置外侧的一面设置为凸面，由于入光面的形状不会受到装置内部空间的限制，所以凸面能够具有较大的弧度，以达到更好的聚光效果，从而提高生物特征检测装置的抗干扰能力。
作为本申请的一个实施例，继续参考图9，透镜的焦点f与光接收件104上表面的中心点c重合，即光接收件104设置在透镜的焦点处，从而能够进一步提高聚光件106的聚光效果，更进一步提高生物特征检测装置的抗干扰能力。
图10为本申请实施例提供的聚光件的结构示意图二，如图10所示，聚光件106包括微透镜阵列，微透镜阵列背离光接收件104的一面为平面。
微透镜阵列具有多个凸向光接收件104的微透镜，与透镜相比，微透镜阵列的聚光效果更好。微透镜阵列的背离光接收件104的一面为平面，即微透镜阵列朝向用户皮肤的一面为平面，从而能够避免微透镜阵列藏污纳垢，便于保持微透镜阵列的清洁。
微透镜阵列与光接收件可以为一体式结构。在一些实施例中，可以通过注塑成型的方式来同时形成微透镜阵列和光接收件104，例如是使用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethyl methacrylate，PMMA)或聚碳酸酯(Polycarbonate，PC)直接形成一体式的微透镜阵列和光接收件104，以便于安装。
作为本申请的一个实施例，导光件102到光接收件104的距离大于4毫米且小于20毫米。导光件102到光接收件104的距离是指导光件102的中心线到光接收件104的中心线的距离。若导光件102到光接收件104的距离小于或等于4毫米，会导致光接收件104接收更多皮肤表层传输的光；若导光件102到光接收件104的距离大于或等于20毫米，会导致光接收件104接收到的光信号强度降低。通过调整导光件102和光接收件104的位置关系，使导光件102的中心线到光接收件104的距离大于4毫米且小于20毫米，一方面减少光接收件104接收到的皮肤表层传输的光，另一方面保证光接收件104 接收更多的经用户处理后的出射光束。
本申请实施例还提供一种智能穿戴设备，包括上述任一实施例所述的生物特征检测装置，并具有上述任一实施例的有益效果。
在本申请实施例中，智能穿戴设备包括但不限于手环、智能手表。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种生物特征检测装置，其特征在于，包括：
    发光件、导光件、挡光件和光接收件；
    所述发光件用于向用户发射设定波长的原始光束；
    所述导光件设置在所述发光件之上，用于将所述发光件发射的所述原始光束调整为以预设方向射向所述用户的入射光束，其中，所述预设方向与所述用户的皮肤的表面垂直或近似垂直；
    所述挡光件设置在所述导光件与所述光接收件之间，用于阻挡所述发光件发出的光束射向所述光接收件以及阻挡所述导光件出射的光束射向所述光接收件；
    所述光接收件用于接收所述入射光束经过所述用户后的出射光束，并将所述出射光束的光信号转化为用于进行生物特征检测的电信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述导光件的入光面朝向所述发光件，所述导光件的出光面位于所述导光件的背离所述发光件的一侧，且所述导光件的周向侧壁的内壁设有反光面，所述反光面用于将经过所述入光面的所述原始光束反射至所述预设方向。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述导光件的横截面自所述导光件的入光面到所述导光件的出光面方向逐渐增大。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述导光件的出光面的中心区域向背离所述发光件一侧凸出。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述导光件的底部具有避让凹槽，所述避让凹槽的开口面向所述发光件，所述发光件至少部分位于所述避让凹槽内部。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述导光件为准直透镜，所述准直透镜的入光面朝向所述发光件，所述准直透镜的出光面背离所述发光件，且所述准直透镜的入光面呈锯齿状。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述发光件包括并列设置的第一发光单元和第二发光单元；
    所述第一发光单元发射具有第一波长的原始光束，所述第二发光单元发射具有第二波长的原始光束，其中，所述第一波长与所述第二波长不相同。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，所述导光件为中心对称结构；所述第一发光单元和所述第二发光单元靠近所述导光件的中心线且对称设置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括设置在所述发光件和所述导光件之间的匀光件，用于使所述第一发光单元发射的原始光束以及所述第二发光单元发射的原始光束都均匀的射向所述导光件。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，所述匀光件为贴设在所述发光件上的匀光膜。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述光接收件呈方形的设置在所述导光件的一侧，或所述光接收件围设在所述导光件的外围。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括聚光件；所述聚光件设置在所述光接收件的入光侧，用于将所述出射光束汇聚在所述光接收件处。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述聚光件包括透镜，所述透镜面向所述光接收件，所述透镜的入光面为凸面，出光面为平面。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述聚光件包括微透镜阵列，所述微透镜阵列的背离所述光接收件的一面为平面。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的装置，其特征在于，所述微透镜阵列与所述光接收件为一体式结构。
  16. 根据权利要求1至15任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述挡光件围设在所述导光件的外围。
  17. 根据权利要求1至15任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述导光件的中心线与所述光接收件的中心线的距离大于4毫米且小于20毫米。
  18. 一种智能穿戴设备，包括如权利要求1至17任一项所述的生物特征检测装置。
PCT/CN2020/097252 2020-06-19 2020-06-19 生物特征检测装置及智能穿戴设备 WO2021253445A1 (zh)

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