WO2021248529A1 - 一种扬声器补偿方法、装置、存储介质及设备 - Google Patents

一种扬声器补偿方法、装置、存储介质及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021248529A1
WO2021248529A1 PCT/CN2020/096698 CN2020096698W WO2021248529A1 WO 2021248529 A1 WO2021248529 A1 WO 2021248529A1 CN 2020096698 W CN2020096698 W CN 2020096698W WO 2021248529 A1 WO2021248529 A1 WO 2021248529A1
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Prior art keywords
time
audio signal
displacement
target
speaker
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PCT/CN2020/096698
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄远芳
蓝睿智
叶利剑
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瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司
瑞声科技(新加坡)有限公司
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Publication of WO2021248529A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021248529A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2203/00—Details of circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R3/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2430/00—Signal processing covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of loudspeakers, in particular to a method, device, storage medium and equipment for loudspeaker compensation.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a loudspeaker compensation method, device, storage medium and equipment, which are used to solve the problem that the nonlinear compression is also released when the nonlinear distortion is compensated, which causes the displacement amplitude of the loudspeaker to exceed the loudspeaker's amplitude under a large signal.
  • the present invention provides a loudspeaker compensation method, and the method includes:
  • a target compensation voltage signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n is determined, and the target compensation voltage signal is used to control the speaker to perform Play.
  • the predicting based on the audio signal at time n and the state variable at time n-1, and determining the predicted displacement corresponding to the audio signal at time n includes:
  • the predicted compensation voltage signal is input into the speaker nonlinear model for prediction, and the predicted displacement output by the speaker nonlinear model is obtained.
  • the determining a target compensation voltage signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n according to the predicted displacement, the state variable at time n-1, and the audio signal at time n includes:
  • the target compensation voltage signal is determined according to the target displacement compressor coefficient, the state variable at time n-1, and the audio signal at time n.
  • the determining the target displacement compressor coefficient according to the predicted displacement includes:
  • the target displacement compressor coefficient is determined according to the adjustment ratio and the preset displacement compressor coefficient.
  • the determining the target compensation voltage signal according to the target displacement compressor coefficient, the state variable at time n-1, and the audio signal at time n includes:
  • the compressing the audio signal at time n according to the target displacement compressor coefficient, and determining the target displacement compressed audio signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n includes:
  • the low-frequency component of the audio signal at time n is compressed according to the target displacement compressor coefficient to obtain the target displacement compressed audio signal.
  • the state variables at time n-1 include: current, diaphragm displacement, and diaphragm vibration speed.
  • the present invention also provides a loudspeaker compensation device, which includes:
  • An obtaining module configured to obtain the audio signal at time n and the state variable at time n-1 of the speaker, where n is a natural number;
  • a displacement prediction module configured to predict according to the audio signal at time n and the state variable at time n-1, and determine the predicted displacement corresponding to the audio signal at time n;
  • a compensation calculation module for determining a target compensation voltage signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n according to the predicted displacement, the state variable at time n-1, and the audio signal at time n, where the target compensation voltage signal is used To control the speaker to play.
  • the present invention also provides a storage medium storing a computer instruction program, which when executed by a processor causes the processor to execute the steps of any one of the methods described in the first aspect.
  • the present invention also provides an electronic device, including at least one memory and at least one processor, the memory stores a computer instruction program, and when the computer instruction program is executed by the processor, the processing The device executes the steps of any one of the methods described in the first aspect.
  • the predicted displacement corresponding to the audio signal at time n is determined by prediction based on the audio signal at time n and the state variable at time n-1, According to the predicted displacement, the state variable at time n-1, and the audio signal at time n, a target compensation voltage signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n is determined, and the target compensation voltage signal is used to control the speaker to perform Play, so that the target compensation voltage signal fully considers the predicted displacement, which can avoid the displacement amplitude of the speaker under a large signal from exceeding the actual physical limit of the speaker's diaphragm, realizes the protection of the speaker from permanent loss due to mechanical overload, and extends the speaker Service life.
  • Fig. 1 is a basic principle block diagram of a speaker compensation method in an embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a flowchart of a speaker compensation method in an embodiment
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart of determining the predicted displacement of the speaker compensation method of Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of determining a target compensation voltage signal of the speaker compensation method of FIG. 2;
  • Fig. 5 is a structural block diagram of a speaker compensation device in an embodiment
  • Fig. 6 is a structural block diagram of a computer device in an embodiment. .
  • this embodiment proposes a loudspeaker compensation method , The method is applied to the compensation of the audio signal, and the compensated audio signal is input to the speaker.
  • the method predicts the displacement and compensates the audio signal according to the predicted displacement, so as to prevent the displacement amplitude of the loudspeaker from exceeding the actual physical limit of the loudspeaker's diaphragm under a large signal, and realize the protection of the loudspeaker from permanent losses caused by mechanical overload.
  • the service life of the speaker is improved.
  • a speaker is a transducer device that converts an electrical signal into an acoustic signal.
  • the audio signal (electrical energy) uses electromagnetic, piezoelectric or electrostatic effects to make the cone or diaphragm vibrate (for example, the diaphragm) and generate it with the surrounding air Resonance (resonance) to make a sound.
  • Figure 1 shows the basic principle of the speaker 104 compensation method.
  • the to-be-compensated audio signal (equivalent to the audio signal at time n) is predicted by the preprocessor 105 and the speaker nonlinear model 106 to obtain the predicted displacement.
  • the audio signal to be compensated is compressed by the displacement compressor 101, the compression result is input to the non-linear compensator 102 for non-linear compensation, and the non-linearly compensated signal is output to the speaker 104 after passing through the power amplifier 103.
  • the speaker compensation method includes:
  • the audio signal at time n can be actively acquired, or the audio signal at time n sent by the target device can be received.
  • Time n-1 is the time before time n.
  • a moment is a certain moment in time, or a certain point on the time axis.
  • time n may be the current time, so that the speaker compensation method of this embodiment performs real-time compensation, and the speaker performs real-time playback according to the result of the real-time compensation.
  • the audio signal at time n represents the audio signal input to the speaker compensation method of this embodiment at time n.
  • the state variable at time n-1 expresses the state variable of the speaker at time n-1.
  • the state variable at time n-1 is the real-time state variable of the speaker at time n-1. It can be understood that when there is no real-time state variable of the speaker at time n-1, the preset state variable is taken as the state variable at time n-1.
  • S204 Perform prediction based on the audio signal at time n and the state variable at time n-1, and determine a predicted displacement corresponding to the audio signal at time n;
  • displacement prediction and nonlinear compensation prediction are sequentially performed to obtain a predicted compensation voltage signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n; and then based on the predicted compensation voltage The signal is predicted, and the predicted displacement corresponding to the audio signal at time n is obtained.
  • Predicted displacement refers to the displacement of the diaphragm of the loudspeaker when the loudspeaker is playing according to the predicted compensation voltage signal.
  • a preprocessor is used to perform displacement prediction and nonlinear compensation prediction.
  • the pre-processor can be implemented as a program module, which can perform displacement prediction and nonlinear compensation prediction in sequence according to the input audio signal at time n and the state variable at time n-1, and output the same as the audio signal at time n Corresponding predicted compensation voltage signal.
  • a speaker nonlinear model is used to perform prediction based on the predicted compensation voltage signal.
  • the loudspeaker nonlinear model is a nonlinear loudspeaker model that describes the behavior of the loudspeaker under a large voltage signal.
  • the state variables of the loudspeaker can be predicted based on the voltage signal input to the model, for example, the current of the loudspeaker, the displacement of the diaphragm, and the vibration speed of the diaphragm can be predicted.
  • the predicted displacement state of the diaphragm of the loudspeaker provides an accurate reference for the adjustment of the working coefficient of the filter of the displacement compressor. It is understandable that the structure of the nonlinear model of the loudspeaker is a nonlinear filter.
  • the target displacement compressor coefficient is determined according to the value of the predicted displacement; the audio signal at time n is compressed according to the target displacement compressor coefficient, and the target displacement compressed audio signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n is determined ; Perform nonlinear compensation on the target displacement compressed audio signal according to a preset nonlinear compensator coefficient and the state variable at time n-1, and determine the target compensation voltage signal.
  • the compressing the audio signal at time n according to the target displacement compressor coefficient, and determining the target displacement compressed audio signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n includes: converting the target displacement compressor coefficient As the working coefficient of the filter of the displacement compressor, the audio signal at time n is input to the displacement compressor for compression, and the displacement compressor outputs the target displacement compressed audio signal.
  • the target displacement compressor coefficient refers to the operating coefficient of the filter of the displacement compressor of the displacement compressor.
  • the preset nonlinear compensator coefficient expresses the preset working coefficient of the filter of the preset nonlinear compensator.
  • the displacement compressor is essentially a variable filter that adjusts the target displacement response. It adjusts the coefficient of the variable filter according to the ratio of the current displacement of the audio signal at time n to the target displacement.
  • the low-frequency part (ie, low-frequency component) of the current displacement response of the audio signal at time n is compressed.
  • the variable filter is a high-pass filter with adjustable resonance frequency and Q value constructed according to the nonlinear model of the loudspeaker, the displacement has The low-frequency part of the audio signal at time n, which is an important contribution, can be accurately compressed without any attenuation of the high-frequency part (that is, the high-frequency component).
  • the compression of the low-frequency part (expressed as a voltage signal) generally exhibits high-pass filtering characteristics, which does not lose high Based on the frequency part, effective displacement protection can be realized.
  • the diaphragm vibrates with a larger amplitude at the resonance frequency than other frequencies, and a small periodic driving force can produce a large vibration.
  • the performing nonlinear compensation on the target displacement compressed audio signal according to a preset nonlinear compensator coefficient and the state variable at time n-1, and determining the target compensation voltage signal includes: setting the preset non-linearity Linear compensator coefficient The working coefficient of the filter of the nonlinear compensator, the nonlinear compensator performs nonlinear compensation on the target displacement compressed audio signal according to the state variable at time n-1, and the nonlinear compensator outputs Target compensation voltage signal.
  • the nonlinear compensator is a distortion compensator, and the distortion compensator eliminates the distortion of the speaker by controlling the excitation signal without changing the structure of the speaker.
  • the predicted displacement corresponding to the audio signal at time n is determined, based on the predicted displacement and the state variable at time n-1
  • the audio signal at time n determine a target compensation voltage signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n, where the target compensation voltage signal is used to control the speaker to play, so that the target compensation voltage signal fully considers the predicted displacement, It can avoid that the displacement amplitude of the speaker under a large signal exceeds the actual physical limit of the diaphragm of the speaker, realizes the protection of the speaker from permanent loss due to mechanical overload, and prolongs the service life of the speaker.
  • the prediction based on the audio signal at time n and the state variable at time n-1 to determine the predicted displacement corresponding to the audio signal at time n includes:
  • S302 Perform compression prediction on the audio signal at time n according to a preset displacement compressor coefficient, to obtain a predicted displacement compressed audio signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n;
  • the pre-processor uses the preset displacement compressor coefficient as the working coefficient of the compression filter, simulates the displacement compressor to compress and predict the audio signal at time n, and outputs the predicted displacement compression corresponding to the audio signal at time n audio signal.
  • the preset displacement compressor coefficient expresses the preset working coefficient of the filter of the displacement compressor.
  • S304 Perform nonlinear compensation prediction on the predicted displacement compressed audio signal according to the state variable at time n-1 and a preset nonlinear compensator coefficient, to obtain a predicted compensation voltage signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n;
  • the pre-processor uses the preset nonlinear compensator coefficient as the working coefficient of the nonlinear compensation filter, and simulates the nonlinear compensator combined with the state variable at time n-1 to perform nonlinear compensation prediction on the audio signal at time n, Outputting a predicted compensation voltage signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n.
  • the speaker nonlinear model predicts the displacement state of the diaphragm of the speaker with respect to the predicted compensation voltage signal, and uses the displacement state as the predicted displacement.
  • This embodiment implements prediction based on the audio signal at time n, the state variable at time n-1, the preset displacement compressor coefficient, and the preset nonlinear compensator coefficient, and the prediction corresponding to the audio signal at time n is determined Displacement, by simulating the displacement compressor and the non-linear compensator, the predicted displacement obtained is consistent with the actual application, which further improves the accuracy of the speaker compensation method of the present invention.
  • a speaker compensation method is proposed, and the method includes:
  • S404 Perform prediction based on the audio signal at time n and the state variable at time n-1, and determine a predicted displacement corresponding to the audio signal at time n;
  • the predicted displacement When the predicted displacement is greater than the displacement threshold, it means that when the speaker plays the predicted compensation voltage signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n, the displacement amplitude of the speaker diaphragm will exceed the actual physical limit of the speaker diaphragm. The permanent loss caused by the mechanical overload of the loudspeaker will be caused. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the target displacement compressor coefficient according to the predicted displacement, so as to adjust the working coefficient of the filter of the displacement compressor to realize the control of the voltage signal input to the loudspeaker (that is, the target Compensation voltage signal) achieves the purpose of reducing the displacement of the speaker's diaphragm, and ultimately protects the speaker from permanent losses caused by mechanical overload.
  • the predicted displacement is less than or equal to the displacement threshold, it means that when the speaker is playing according to the predicted compensation voltage signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n, the displacement amplitude of the speaker's diaphragm will not exceed the actual value of the speaker's diaphragm. Physically limited, therefore, the preset displacement compressor coefficient corresponding to the predicted compensation voltage signal is used as the target displacement compressor coefficient.
  • S408 Determine the target compensation voltage signal according to the target displacement compressor coefficient, the state variable at time n-1, and the audio signal at time n.
  • the audio signal at time n is compressed according to the target displacement compressor coefficient, and the target displacement compressed audio signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n is determined; according to the preset nonlinear compensator coefficient and the n-1
  • the time state variable performs nonlinear compensation on the target displacement compressed audio signal, and determines the target compensation voltage signal.
  • This embodiment realizes that the target displacement compressor coefficient is determined according to the predicted displacement, so as to adjust the working coefficient of the filter of the displacement compressor, and finally make the speaker compensate the voltage signal according to the target corresponding to the audio signal at time n During playback, the displacement amplitude of the diaphragm of the speaker will not exceed the actual physical limit of the diaphragm of the speaker.
  • the determining the target displacement compressor coefficient according to the predicted displacement includes: determining an adjustment ratio according to the displacement threshold and the predicted displacement; according to the adjustment ratio, the preset displacement compressor Coefficient, which determines the target displacement compressor coefficient.
  • the prediction bit is removed and the displacement threshold is used to calculate the adjustment ratio; the preset displacement compressor coefficient is adjusted according to the adjustment ratio to obtain the target displacement compressor coefficient.
  • the determining the target compensation voltage signal according to the target displacement compressor coefficient, the state variable at time n-1, and the audio signal at time n includes: according to the target displacement compressor The coefficient compresses the audio signal at time n, and determines the target displacement compression audio signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n; compresses the target displacement according to a preset nonlinear compensator coefficient and the state variable at time n-1 The audio signal is subjected to non-linear compensation, and the target compensation voltage signal is determined.
  • the parameter of the displacement compressor is updated according to the target displacement compressor coefficient, so that the displacement compressor compresses the audio signal at time n according to the updated parameter to obtain the target corresponding to the audio signal at time n Displacement compresses the audio signal;
  • the nonlinear compensator uses a preset nonlinear compensator coefficient in combination with the state variable at time n-1 to perform nonlinear compensation on the audio signal at time n, and output the target compensation voltage signal.
  • This embodiment realizes that the audio signal at time n is compressed according to the target displacement compressor coefficient, and then nonlinear compensation is performed, so that when the speaker is played according to the target compensation voltage signal, the displacement amplitude of the diaphragm of the speaker will be Less than or equal to the displacement threshold can prevent the displacement amplitude of the loudspeaker from exceeding the actual physical limit of the loudspeaker's diaphragm under a large signal, realize the protection of the loudspeaker from permanent losses caused by mechanical overload, and prolong the service life of the loudspeaker.
  • the compressing the audio signal at time n according to the target displacement compressor coefficient, and determining the target displacement compressed audio signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n includes: compressing the audio signal according to the target displacement The filter coefficient compresses the low-frequency component of the audio signal at time n to obtain the target displacement compressed audio signal.
  • the low-frequency component of the audio signal at time n is compressed, and the high-frequency component of the audio signal at time n is not attenuated, thereby avoiding the loss of high-frequency components.
  • the state variables at time n-1 include: current, diaphragm displacement, and diaphragm vibration speed.
  • the method for determining the state variable at time n-1 can be selected from the prior art, for example, a state estimator, which will not be repeated here.
  • a speaker compensation device is provided, and the device includes:
  • the obtaining module 502 is configured to obtain the audio signal at time n and the state variable at time n-1 of the speaker, where n is a natural number;
  • the displacement prediction module 504 is configured to predict according to the audio signal at time n and the state variable at time n-1, and determine the predicted displacement corresponding to the audio signal at time n;
  • the compensation calculation module 506 is configured to determine a target compensation voltage signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n according to the predicted displacement, the state variable at time n-1, and the audio signal at time n, and the target compensation voltage signal Used to control the speaker to play.
  • the predicted displacement corresponding to the audio signal at time n is determined, based on the predicted displacement and the state variable at time n-1
  • the audio signal at time n determine a target compensation voltage signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n, where the target compensation voltage signal is used to control the speaker to play, so that the target compensation voltage signal fully considers the predicted displacement, It can avoid that the displacement amplitude of the speaker under a large signal exceeds the actual physical limit of the diaphragm of the speaker, realizes the protection of the speaker from permanent loss due to mechanical overload, and prolongs the service life of the speaker.
  • FIG. 6 shows an internal structure diagram of a computer device 60 in an embodiment.
  • the computer device 60 may specifically be a terminal or a server.
  • the computer device 60 includes a processor 601, a memory, and a network interface 603 connected through a system bus.
  • the memory includes a non-volatile storage medium 6021 and an internal memory 6022.
  • the non-volatile storage medium 6021 of the computer device 60 stores an operating system 604, and may also store a computer program 6051.
  • the processor 601 can be implemented.
  • the internal memory 6022 may also store a computer program 6052.
  • the processor 601 can be executed.
  • FIG. 6 is only a block diagram of part of the structure related to the solution of the present invention, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device 60 to which the solution of the present invention is applied.
  • the specific computer device 60 may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different component arrangement.
  • the speaker compensation method provided by the present invention can be implemented in the form of a computer program, and the computer program can be run on the computer device as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the memory of the computer equipment can store various program templates of a loudspeaker compensation device.
  • a storage medium that stores a computer instruction program, and when the computer instruction program is executed by a processor, the following method steps are realized when the processor is executed:
  • a target compensation voltage signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n is determined, and the target compensation voltage signal is used to control the speaker to perform Play.
  • an electronic device including at least one memory and at least one processor, the memory stores a computer instruction program, and when the computer instruction program is executed by the processor, the processor The following method steps are implemented during execution:
  • a target compensation voltage signal corresponding to the audio signal at time n is determined, and the target compensation voltage signal is used to control the speaker to perform Play.
  • a speaker compensation method a speaker compensation device, storage medium, and electronic equipment belong to a general inventive concept.
  • a speaker compensation device a speaker compensation device, storage medium, and electronic equipment The content can be applied to each other.
  • Non-volatile memory may include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory.
  • Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory.
  • RAM is available in many forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous chain Road (Synchlink) DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.
  • SRAM static RAM
  • DRAM dynamic RAM
  • SDRAM synchronous DRAM
  • DDRSDRAM double data rate SDRAM
  • ESDRAM enhanced SDRAM
  • SLDRAM synchronous chain Road (Synchlink) DRAM
  • SLDRAM synchronous chain Road (Synchlink) DRAM
  • Rambus direct RAM
  • DRAM direct memory bus dynamic RAM
  • RDRAM memory bus dynamic RAM

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种扬声器补偿方法、装置、存储介质及设备。所述方法包括：获取n时刻音频信号、所述扬声器的n-1时刻状态变量，其中n为自然数；根据所述n时刻音频信号和所述n-1时刻状态变量进行预测，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移；根据所述预测位移、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标补偿电压信号，所述目标补偿电压信号用于控制所述扬声器进行播放。本发明在非线性失真被补偿时，避免了扬声器在大信号下的位移振幅超过扬声器的振膜的实际物理限制，实现了保护扬声器避免由于机械过载导致的永久损失，延长了扬声器的使用寿命。

Description

一种扬声器补偿方法、装置、存储介质及设备 技术领域
本发明涉及扬声器技术领域，尤其涉及一种扬声器补偿方法、装置、存储介质及设备。
 背景技术
随着电子技术的发展，扬声器得到广泛应用。现有技术在扬声器非线性补偿应用中，非线性失真在被补偿时非线性压缩也被放开，此时扬声器在大信号下的位移振幅将超过扬声器的振膜的实际物理限制，尤其在共振频率处，将出现打底等异常音，甚至造成扬声器振膜的永久性损坏。
 技术问题
因此，有必要提供一种扬声器补偿方法、装置、存储介质及设备。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的在于提供一种扬声器补偿方法、装置、存储介质及设备，用于解决非线性失真在被补偿时非线性压缩也被放开，导致扬声器在大信号下的位移振幅将超过扬声器的振膜的实际物理限制的技术问题。
本发明的技术方案如下：第一方面，本发明提出了一种扬声器补偿方法，所述方法包括：
获取n时刻音频信号、所述扬声器的n-1时刻状态变量，其中n为自然数；
根据所述n时刻音频信号和所述n-1时刻状态变量进行预测，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移；
根据所述预测位移、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标补偿电压信号，所述目标补偿电压信号用于控制所述扬声器进行播放。
在一个实施例中，所述根据所述n时刻音频信号和所述n-1时刻状态变量进行预测，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移，包括：
根据预设位移压缩器系数对所述n时刻音频信号进行压缩预测，得到与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移压缩音频信号；
根据所述n-1时刻状态变量和预设非线性补偿器系数对所述预测位移压缩音频信号进行非线性补偿预测，得到与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测补偿电压信号；
将所述预测补偿电压信号输入扬声器非线性模型进行预测，获取所述扬声器非线性模型输出的所述预测位移。
在一个实施例中，所述根据所述预测位移、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标补偿电压信号，包括：
当所述预测位移大于位移阈值时，根据所述预测位移确定目标位移压缩器系数，否则，将预设位移压缩器系数作为所述目标位移压缩器系数；
根据所述目标位移压缩器系数、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定所述目标补偿电压信号。
在一个实施例中，所述根据所述预测位移确定目标位移压缩器系数，包括：
根据所述位移阈值和所述预测位移，确定调节比例；
根据所述调节比例、所述预设位移压缩器系数，确定所述目标位移压缩器系数。
在一个实施例中，所述根据所述目标位移压缩器系数、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定所述目标补偿电压信号，包括：
根据所述目标位移压缩器系数对所述n时刻音频信号进行压缩，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标位移压缩音频信号；
根据预设非线性补偿器系数和所述n-1时刻状态变量对所述目标位移压缩音频信号进行非线性补偿，确定所述目标补偿电压信号。
在一个实施例中，所述根据所述目标位移压缩器系数对所述n时刻音频信号进行压缩，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标位移压缩音频信号，包括：
根据所述目标位移压缩器系数对所述n时刻音频信号的低频分量进行压缩，得到所述目标位移压缩音频信号。
在一个实施例中，所述n-1时刻状态变量包括：电流、振膜位移、振膜振动速度。
第二方面，本发明还提出了一种扬声器补偿装置，所述装置包括：
获取模块，用于获取n时刻音频信号、所述扬声器的n-1时刻状态变量，其中n为自然数；
位移预测模块，用于根据所述n时刻音频信号和所述n-1时刻状态变量进行预测，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移；
补偿计算模块，用于根据所述预测位移、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标补偿电压信号，所述目标补偿电压信号用于控制所述扬声器进行播放。
第三方面，本发明还提出了一种存储介质，存储有计算机指令程序，所述计算机指令程序被处理器执行时，使得所述处理器执行第一方面任一项所述方法的步骤。
第四方面，本发明还提出了一种电子设备，包括至少一个存储器、至少一个处理器，所述存储器存储有计算机指令程序，所述计算机指令程序被所述处理器执行时，使得所述处理器执行第一方面任一项所述方法的步骤。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果在于：
采用了上述一种扬声器补偿方法、装置、存储介质及设备之后，通过根据所述n时刻音频信号和所述n-1时刻状态变量进行预测，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移，根据所述预测位移、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标补偿电压信号，所述目标补偿电压信号用于控制所述扬声器进行播放，从而使目标补偿电压信号充分考虑了预测位移，可以避免扬声器在大信号下的位移振幅超过扬声器的振膜的实际物理限制，实现了保护扬声器避免由于机械过载导致的永久损失，延长了扬声器的使用寿命。
 附图说明
图1为一个实施例中扬声器补偿方法的基本原理框图；
图2为一个实施例中扬声器补偿方法的流程图；
图3为图2的扬声器补偿方法的确定预测位移的流程图；
图4为图2的扬声器补偿方法的确定目标补偿电压信号的流程图；
图5为一个实施例中扬声器补偿装置的结构框图；
图6为一个实施例中计算机设备的结构框图。。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
为了解决非线性失真在被补偿时非线性压缩也被放开，导致扬声器在大信号下的位移振幅将超过扬声器的振膜的实际物理限制的技术问题，本实施例提出了一种扬声器补偿方法，所述方法应用于对音频信号的补偿，补偿后的音频信号输入扬声器。所述方法通过预测位移，根据预测位移对音频信号进行补偿，从而避免扬声器在大信号下的位移振幅超过扬声器的振膜的实际物理限制，实现了保护扬声器避免由于机械过载导致的永久损失，延长了扬声器的使用寿命。
扬声器是一种把电信号转变为声信号的换能器件，音频信号（电能）通过电磁、压电或静电效应，使其纸盆或膜片振动（比如，振膜）并与周围的空气产生共振（共鸣）而发出声音。
图1示出了扬声器104补偿方法的基本原理，在图1中，待补偿音频信号（相当于n时刻音频信号）通过预处理器105及扬声器非线性模型106进行预测得到预测位移，根据预测位移和待补偿音频信号通过位移压缩器101进行压缩，将压缩结果输入非线性补偿器102进行非线性补偿，将非线性补偿后的信号经过功率放大器103后再输出给扬声器104。
如图2所示，在一个实施例中，所述扬声器补偿方法包括：
S202、获取n时刻音频信号、所述扬声器的n-1时刻状态变量，其中n为自然数；
其中，可以主动获取n时刻音频信号，也可以接收目标设备发送的n时刻音频信号。
n-1时刻是n时刻的前一个时刻。时刻是在时间上的某个瞬间,或是时间轴上的某个点。
可选的，n时刻可以是当前时刻，从而使本实施例的扬声器补偿方法进行实时补偿，扬声器根据实时补偿的结果进行实时的播放。
n时刻音频信号表述的是n时刻输入本实施例的扬声器补偿方法的音频信号。
n-1时刻状态变量表述的是扬声器在n-1时刻的状态变量。
可选的，n-1时刻状态变量是扬声器在n-1时刻的实时状态变量。可以理解的是，当扬声器在n-1时刻不存在实时状态变量时，将预设状态变量作为n-1时刻状态变量。
S204、根据所述n时刻音频信号和所述n-1时刻状态变量进行预测，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移；
其中，根据所述n时刻音频信号和所述n-1时刻状态变量依次进行位移预测及非线性补偿预测，得到与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测补偿电压信号；再根据所述预测补偿电压信号进行预测，得到与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移。
预测位移是指扬声器根据预测补偿电压信号播放时，扬声器的振膜的位移。
可选的，采用预处理器进行位移预测及非线性补偿预测。预处理器可以实现为程序模块，该程序模块可以根据输入的所述n时刻音频信号和所述n-1时刻状态变量依次进行位移预测及非线性补偿预测，并且输出与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测补偿电压信号。
可选的，采用扬声器非线性模型根据所述预测补偿电压信号进行预测。扬声器非线性模型是一个描述大电压信号下扬声器行为的非线性扬声器模型，可以根据对输入该模型的电压信号预测扬声器的状态变量，比如，预测扬声器的电流、振膜位移、振膜振动速度。预测的扬声器的振膜的位移状态为位移压缩器的滤波器的工作系数的调整提供了准确的参考。可以理解的是，扬声器非线性模型的结构是一个非线性滤波器。
S206、根据所述预测位移、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标补偿电压信号，所述目标补偿电压信号用于控制所述扬声器进行播放。
其中，根据所述预测位移的值，确定目标位移压缩器系数；根据所述目标位移压缩器系数对所述n时刻音频信号进行压缩，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标位移压缩音频信号；根据预设非线性补偿器系数和所述n-1时刻状态变量对所述目标位移压缩音频信号进行非线性补偿，确定所述目标补偿电压信号。
可选的，所述根据所述目标位移压缩器系数对所述n时刻音频信号进行压缩，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标位移压缩音频信号，包括：将所述目标位移压缩器系数作为位移压缩器的滤波器的工作系数，将所述n时刻音频信号输入所述位移压缩器进行压缩，位移压缩器输出目标位移压缩音频信号。
所述目标位移压缩器系数是指位移压缩器的位移压缩器的滤波器的工作系数。
所述预设非线性补偿器系数表述的是预设的非线性补偿器的滤波器的预设工作系数。
可选的，所述位移压缩器实质是一个调节目标位移响应的可变滤波器，其根据所述n时刻音频信号的当前位移与目标位移的比例通过调节可变滤波器的系数，对所述n时刻音频信号的当前位移响应的低频部分（即低频分量）进行压缩，由于该可变滤波器是根据扬声器非线性模型构建的具有可调节共振频率和Q值的高通滤波器，因此对位移具有重要贡献的所述n时刻音频信号的低频部分可以得到准确压缩而高频部分（即高频分量）无任何衰减，低频部分（表述为电压信号）压缩总体呈现高通滤波特性，其在不损失高频部分的基础上能够实现有效地位移保护。
扬声器的振膜从低音域开始振动时，振膜最强烈振动所在点对应的频率，在测量扬声器单元阻抗特性时，阻抗曲线上阻抗值第一次达到最大值时(即Zmax)所对应的频率称为该扬声器单元的谐振频率或共振频率，简称FO。振膜在共振频率下比其他频率以更大的振幅做振动，很小的周期驱动力便可产生很大的振动。
可选的，所述根据预设非线性补偿器系数和所述n-1时刻状态变量对所述目标位移压缩音频信号进行非线性补偿，确定所述目标补偿电压信号，包括：将预设非线性补偿器系数非线性补偿器的滤波器的工作系数，所述非线性补偿器根据所述n-1时刻状态变量对所述目标位移压缩音频信号进行非线性补偿，所述非线性补偿器输出目标补偿电压信号。
可选的，所述非线性补偿器是一个失真补偿器，失真补偿器在不改变扬声器的结构的情况下，通过控制激励信号消除扬声器的失真。
本实施例通过根据所述n时刻音频信号和所述n-1时刻状态变量进行预测，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移，根据所述预测位移、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标补偿电压信号，所述目标补偿电压信号用于控制所述扬声器进行播放，从而使目标补偿电压信号充分考虑了预测位移，可以避免扬声器在大信号下的位移振幅超过扬声器的振膜的实际物理限制，实现了保护扬声器避免由于机械过载导致的永久损失，延长了扬声器的使用寿命。
如图3所示，在一个实施例中，所述根据所述n时刻音频信号和所述n-1时刻状态变量进行预测，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移，包括：
S302、根据预设位移压缩器系数对所述n时刻音频信号进行压缩预测，得到与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移压缩音频信号；
其中，预处理器将预设位移压缩器系数作为压缩滤波器的工作系数，模拟所述位移压缩器对所述n时刻音频信号进行压缩预测，输出与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移压缩音频信号。
所述预设位移压缩器系数表述的是位移压缩器的滤波器的预设工作系数。
S304、根据所述n-1时刻状态变量和预设非线性补偿器系数对所述预测位移压缩音频信号进行非线性补偿预测，得到与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测补偿电压信号；
其中，预处理器将预设非线性补偿器系数作为非线性补偿滤波器的工作系数，模拟所述非线性补偿器结合n-1时刻状态变量对所述n时刻音频信号进行非线性补偿预测，输出与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测补偿电压信号。
S306、将所述预测补偿电压信号输入扬声器非线性模型进行预测，获取所述扬声器非线性模型输出的所述预测位移。
所述扬声器非线性模型对所述预测补偿电压信号预测扬声器的振膜的位移状态，将该位移状态作为所述预测位移。
本实施例实现了根据所述n时刻音频信号、所述n-1时刻状态变量、预设位移压缩器系数、预设非线性补偿器系数进行预测，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移，通过模拟所述位移压缩器、所述非线性补偿器，使得到的预测位移与实际应用一致，进一步提高了本发明的扬声器补偿方法的准确性。
如图4所示，在一个实施例中，提出了一种扬声器补偿方法，所述方法包括：
S402、获取n时刻音频信号、所述扬声器的n-1时刻状态变量，其中n为自然数；
S404、根据所述n时刻音频信号和所述n-1时刻状态变量进行预测，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移；
S406、当所述预测位移大于位移阈值时，根据所述预测位移确定目标位移压缩器系数，否则，将预设位移压缩器系数作为所述目标位移压缩器系数；
当所述预测位移大于位移阈值时，说明扬声器按与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测补偿电压信号进行播放时，将会使扬声器的振膜的位移振幅超过扬声器的振膜的实际物理限制，将使扬声器机械过载导致的永久损失，因此需要根据所述预测位移确定目标位移压缩器系数，以对所述位移压缩器的滤波器的工作系数的调节，实现控制输入扬声器的电压信号（即目标补偿电压信号）达到降低扬声器的振膜的位移的目的，最终保护扬声器避免机械过载导致的永久损失。
当所述预测位移小于或等于位移阈值时，说明扬声器按与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测补偿电压信号进行播放时，将不会使扬声器的振膜的位移振幅超过扬声器的振膜的实际物理限制，因此将所述预测补偿电压信号对应的预设位移压缩器系数作为所述目标位移压缩器系数。
S408、根据所述目标位移压缩器系数、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定所述目标补偿电压信号。
其中，根据所述目标位移压缩器系数对所述n时刻音频信号进行压缩，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标位移压缩音频信号；根据预设非线性补偿器系数和所述n-1时刻状态变量对所述目标位移压缩音频信号进行非线性补偿，确定所述目标补偿电压信号。
本实施例实现了根据所述预测位移确定目标位移压缩器系数，达到调整所述位移压缩器的滤波器的工作系数的目的，最终使扬声器按与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标补偿电压信号进行播放时，将不会使扬声器的振膜的位移振幅超过扬声器的振膜的实际物理限制。
在一个实施例中，所述根据所述预测位移确定目标位移压缩器系数，包括：根据所述位移阈值和所述预测位移，确定调节比例；根据所述调节比例、所述预设位移压缩器系数，确定所述目标位移压缩器系数。
其中，将所述预测位移除以所述位移阈值，计算得到所述调节比例；根据所述调节比例调节所述预设位移压缩器系数，得到所述目标位移压缩器系数。完成调节后，扬声器按根据目标位移压缩器系数最终得到的目标补偿电压信号进行播放时，将不会使扬声器的振膜的位移振幅超过扬声器的振膜的实际物理限制，也就是说，扬声器按目标补偿电压信号进行播放时，将会使扬声器的振膜的位移振幅小于或等于位移阈值。
在一个实施例中，所述根据所述目标位移压缩器系数、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定所述目标补偿电压信号，包括：根据所述目标位移压缩器系数对所述n时刻音频信号进行压缩，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标位移压缩音频信号；根据预设非线性补偿器系数和所述n-1时刻状态变量对所述目标位移压缩音频信号进行非线性补偿，确定所述目标补偿电压信号。
其中，根据所述目标位移压缩器系数更新所述位移压缩器的参数，从而使位移压缩器按更新后的参数对所述n时刻音频信号进行压缩，得到与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标位移压缩音频信号；所述非线性补偿器采用预设非线性补偿器系数结合所述n-1时刻状态变量对所述n时刻音频信号进行非线性补偿，输出所述目标补偿电压信号。
本实施例实现了根据目标位移压缩器系数对所述n时刻音频信号进行压缩，然后再进行非线性补偿，从而使扬声器按目标补偿电压信号进行播放时，将会使扬声器的振膜的位移振幅小于或等于位移阈值，可以避免扬声器在大信号下的位移振幅超过扬声器的振膜的实际物理限制，实现了保护扬声器避免由于机械过载导致的永久损失，延长了扬声器的使用寿命。
在一个实施例中，所述根据所述目标位移压缩器系数对所述n时刻音频信号进行压缩，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标位移压缩音频信号，包括：根据所述目标位移压缩器系数对所述n时刻音频信号的低频分量进行压缩，得到所述目标位移压缩音频信号。
本实施例实现了对所述n时刻音频信号的低频分量进行压缩，对所述n时刻音频信号的高频分量不进行任何衰减，从而避免了高频分量的损失。
在一个实施例中，所述n-1时刻状态变量包括：电流、振膜位移、振膜振动速度。可以从现有技术中选择确定n-1时刻状态变量的方法，比如，状态估计器，在此不做赘述。
如图5所示，在一个实施例中，提出了一种扬声器补偿装置，所述装置包括：
获取模块502，用于获取n时刻音频信号、所述扬声器的n-1时刻状态变量，其中n为自然数；
位移预测模块504，用于根据所述n时刻音频信号和所述n-1时刻状态变量进行预测，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移；
补偿计算模块506，用于根据所述预测位移、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标补偿电压信号，所述目标补偿电压信号用于控制所述扬声器进行播放。
本实施例通过根据所述n时刻音频信号和所述n-1时刻状态变量进行预测，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移，根据所述预测位移、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标补偿电压信号，所述目标补偿电压信号用于控制所述扬声器进行播放，从而使目标补偿电压信号充分考虑了预测位移，可以避免扬声器在大信号下的位移振幅超过扬声器的振膜的实际物理限制，实现了保护扬声器避免由于机械过载导致的永久损失，延长了扬声器的使用寿命。
图6示出了一个实施例中计算机设备60的内部结构图。该计算机设备60具体可以是终端，也可以是服务器。如图6所示，该计算机设备60包括通过系统总线连接的处理器601、存储器和网络接口603。其中，存储器包括非易失性存储介质6021和内存储器6022。该计算机设备60的非易失性存储介质6021存储有操作系统604，还可存储有计算机程序6051，该计算机程序6051被处理器601执行时，可使得处理器601实现。该内存储器6022中也可储存有计算机程序6052，该计算机程序6052被处理器601执行时，可使得处理器601执行。本领域技术人员可以理解，图6中示出的结构，仅仅是与本发明方案相关的部分结构的框图，并不构成对本发明方案所应用于其上的计算机设备60的限定，具体的计算机设备60可以包括比图中所示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者具有不同的部件布置。
在一个实施例中，本发明提供的一种扬声器补偿方法可以实现为一种计算机程序的形式，计算机程序可在如图6所示的计算机设备上运行。计算机设备的存储器中可存储组成的一种扬声器补偿装置的各个程序模板。比如，获取模块502、位移预测模块504、补偿计算模块506。
在一个实施例中，提出了一种存储介质，存储有计算机指令程序，所述计算机指令程序被处理器执行时，使得所述处理器执行时实现如下方法步骤：
获取n时刻音频信号、所述扬声器的n-1时刻状态变量，其中n为自然数；
根据所述n时刻音频信号和所述n-1时刻状态变量进行预测，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移；
根据所述预测位移、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标补偿电压信号，所述目标补偿电压信号用于控制所述扬声器进行播放。
在一个实施例中，提出了一种电子设备，包括至少一个存储器、至少一个处理器，所述存储器存储有计算机指令程序，所述计算机指令程序被所述处理器执行时，使得所述处理器执行时实现如下方法步骤：
获取n时刻音频信号、所述扬声器的n-1时刻状态变量，其中n为自然数；
根据所述n时刻音频信号和所述n-1时刻状态变量进行预测，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移；
根据所述预测位移、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标补偿电压信号，所述目标补偿电压信号用于控制所述扬声器进行播放。
需要说明的是，上述一种扬声器补偿方法、一种扬声器补偿装置、存储介质及电子设备属于一个总的发明构思，一种扬声器补偿方法、一种扬声器补偿装置、存储介质及电子设备实施例中的内容可相互适用。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程，是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述的程序可存储于一非易失性计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中，本发明所提供的各实施例中所使用的对存储器、存储、数据库或其它介质的任何引用，均可包括非易失性和/或易失性存储器。非易失性存储器可包括只读存储器(ROM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程ROM(EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可包括随机存取存储器(RAM)或者外部高速缓冲存储器。作为说明而非局限，RAM以多种形式可得，诸如静态RAM(SRAM)、动态RAM(DRAM)、同步DRAM(SDRAM)、双数据率SDRAM(DDRSDRAM)、增强型SDRAM(ESDRAM)、同步链路(Synchlink) DRAM(SLDRAM)、存储器总线(Rambus)直接RAM(RDRAM)、直接存储器总线动态RAM(DRDRAM)、以及存储器总线动态RAM(RDRAM)等。
以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施方式，在此应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出改进，但这些均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种扬声器补偿方法，所述方法包括：
    获取n时刻音频信号、所述扬声器的n-1时刻状态变量，其中n为自然数；
    根据所述n时刻音频信号和所述n-1时刻状态变量进行预测，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移；
    根据所述预测位移、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标补偿电压信号，所述目标补偿电压信号用于控制所述扬声器进行播放。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器补偿方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述n时刻音频信号和所述n-1时刻状态变量进行预测，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移，包括：
    根据预设位移压缩器系数对所述n时刻音频信号进行压缩预测，得到与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移压缩音频信号；
    根据所述n-1时刻状态变量和预设非线性补偿器系数对所述预测位移压缩音频信号进行非线性补偿预测，得到与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测补偿电压信号；
    将所述预测补偿电压信号输入扬声器非线性模型进行预测，获取所述扬声器非线性模型输出的所述预测位移。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器补偿方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述预测位移、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标补偿电压信号，包括：
    当所述预测位移大于位移阈值时，根据所述预测位移确定目标位移压缩器系数，否则，将预设位移压缩器系数作为所述目标位移压缩器系数；
    根据所述目标位移压缩器系数、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定所述目标补偿电压信号。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的扬声器补偿方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述预测位移确定目标位移压缩器系数，包括：
    根据所述位移阈值和所述预测位移，确定调节比例；
    根据所述调节比例、所述预设位移压缩器系数，确定所述目标位移压缩器系数。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的扬声器补偿方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述目标位移压缩器系数、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定所述目标补偿电压信号，包括：
    根据所述目标位移压缩器系数对所述n时刻音频信号进行压缩，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标位移压缩音频信号；
    根据预设非线性补偿器系数和所述n-1时刻状态变量对所述目标位移压缩音频信号进行非线性补偿，确定所述目标补偿电压信号。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的扬声器补偿方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述目标位移压缩器系数对所述n时刻音频信号进行压缩，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标位移压缩音频信号，包括：
    根据所述目标位移压缩器系数对所述n时刻音频信号的低频分量进行压缩，得到所述目标位移压缩音频信号。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器补偿方法，其特征在于，所述n-1时刻状态变量包括：电流、振膜位移、振膜振动速度。
  8. 一种扬声器补偿装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    获取模块，用于获取n时刻音频信号、所述扬声器的n-1时刻状态变量，其中n为自然数；
    位移预测模块，用于根据所述n时刻音频信号和所述n-1时刻状态变量进行预测，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的预测位移；
    补偿计算模块，用于根据所述预测位移、所述n-1时刻状态变量和所述n时刻音频信号，确定与所述n时刻音频信号对应的目标补偿电压信号，所述目标补偿电压信号用于控制所述扬声器进行播放。
  9. 一种存储介质，存储有计算机指令程序，其特征在于，所述计算机指令程序被处理器执行时，使得所述处理器执行如权利要求1至7中任一项所述方法的步骤。
  10. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括至少一个存储器、至少一个处理器，所述存储器存储有计算机指令程序，所述计算机指令程序被所述处理器执行时，使得所述处理器执行如权利要求1至7中任一项所述方法的步骤。
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