WO2021246113A1 - Optical element, liquid crystal display device, and electronic apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

An optical element according to the present invention includes: a driving substrate that has pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix; an opposing substrate arranged so as to face the driving substrate; and a liquid crystal material layer that is interposed between the driving substrate and the opposing substrate. Alignment films comprising inorganic oxide films are formed on the faces, on the liquid crystal material layer sides, of the driving substrate and the opposing substrate. The alignment films are surface treated by being coated with a material having structural formula (1).

Description

Optical elements, liquid crystal displays and electronic devices

This disclosure relates to optical elements, liquid crystal displays and electronic devices.

A liquid crystal display device having an optical element having a structure in which a liquid crystal material layer is sandwiched between a pair of substrates is known. The liquid crystal display device displays an image by operating the pixel as an optical shutter (light bulb).

In recent years, as a display device capable of displaying a large screen image, a projection type display device (projector) using a liquid crystal display device has been developed. In a projection type display device using a liquid crystal display device, very strong light is incident on the liquid crystal display device as a light bulb. Therefore, from the viewpoint of heat resistance and the like, in liquid crystal display devices for such applications, a vapor-deposited film made of an inorganic material such _{as silicon oxide (SiO x) is often used as the alignment film.}

The thin-film film of silicon oxide has a hydroxyl group (-OH) on the surface and the like. The hydroxyl group has a property of accelerating the decomposition reaction of the liquid crystal material contained in the liquid crystal material layer. In the decomposition reaction, desorption of fluorine is mainly observed, and some decomposition is also observed in the compound containing no fluorine.

For this reason, surface treatment is applied to the alignment film made of an inorganic material. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which an alignment film made of an inorganic material is subjected to a silane coupling treatment to coat a hydroxyl group on the surface to suppress a decomposition reaction of a liquid crystal material. Alternatively, Patent Document 2 discloses a technique of surface-treating an alignment film made of an inorganic material using a linear alcohol to improve the alignment stability of the liquid crystal material layer.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-22009 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 11-160711

When the alignment film is subjected to silane coupling treatment, the silane coupling material forms a network. For this reason, it is difficult to sufficiently cover the hydroxyl groups in the alignment film because the penetration of the silane coupling material in the thickness direction of the alignment film is hindered. Further, when the surface treatment of the alignment film is performed using the linear alcohol, it is considered that the linear alcohol contained in the alignment film is dissolved in the liquid crystal material. This causes changes in the characteristics of the liquid crystal material, such as a shift in refractive index anisotropy and a decrease in the transparent point.

Therefore, an object of the present disclosure is an optical element capable of sufficiently covering the hydroxyl group of the alignment film and having little influence on the characteristics of the liquid crystal material, a liquid crystal display device having the optical element, and an electron having the liquid crystal display device. It is to provide the equipment.

The optical element according to the present disclosure for achieving the above object is
A drive board having pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix,
Opposing boards placed facing the drive board and
A liquid crystal material layer sandwiched between the drive substrate and the facing substrate,
Includes
An alignment film made of an inorganic oxide film is formed on the surface of the drive substrate and the facing substrate on the liquid crystal material layer side.
The alignment film is surface-treated by applying a material having the structural formula (1).
It is an optical element.

Here, the material having the structural formula (1) does not contain a fluorine atom and does not contain a fluorine atom.
D indicates a deuterium atom,
X ₁ , X ₂ and X ₃ are independently cyclic compounds, respectively.
A ₁ and A ₂ are independently C ₂ H ₄ , C ₄ H ₈ and ester bonds, respectively.
n ₁ to n ₃ are independently 0 or 1, respectively.
n ₄ is any of 0 to 5 and
R ₁ is any of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group and an alkoxy group having two or more carbon chains at the terminal.

The liquid crystal display device according to the present disclosure for achieving the above object is
A drive board having pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix,
Opposing boards placed facing the drive board and
A liquid crystal material layer sandwiched between the drive substrate and the facing substrate,
The first polarizing element arranged on the opposite substrate side and
The second polarizing element placed on the drive board side,
Includes
An alignment film made of an inorganic oxide film is formed on the surface of the drive substrate and the facing substrate on the liquid crystal material layer side.
The alignment film is surface-treated by applying a material having the above structural formula (1).
It is a liquid crystal display device.

The electronic devices pertaining to this disclosure to achieve the above objectives are:
A drive board having pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix,
Opposing boards placed facing the drive board and
A liquid crystal material layer sandwiched between the drive substrate and the facing substrate,
The first polarizing element arranged on the opposite substrate side and
The second polarizing element placed on the drive board side,
Includes
An alignment film made of an inorganic oxide film is formed on the surface of the drive substrate and the facing substrate on the liquid crystal material layer side.
The alignment film is surface-treated by applying a material having the above structural formula (1).
It is an electronic device equipped with a liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a liquid crystal display device including the optical element according to the present disclosure. FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a basic configuration of a liquid crystal display device. FIG. 2B is a schematic circuit diagram for explaining pixels in a liquid crystal display device. FIG. 3 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view when the liquid crystal display device provided with the optical element according to the present disclosure is cut. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of a projection type display device. FIG. 5 is an external view of an interchangeable lens single-lens reflex type digital still camera, the front view thereof is shown in FIG. 5A, and the rear view thereof is shown in FIG. 5B. FIG. 6 is an external view of the head-mounted display. FIG. 7 is an external view of a see-through head-mounted display. FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a vehicle control system. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the installation positions of the vehicle exterior information detection unit and the image pickup unit.

Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described based on examples with reference to drawings and the like, but the present disclosure is not limited to the examples, and various numerical values and materials in the examples are examples. The explanation will be given in the following order.
1. 1. 2. Explanation of optical elements, liquid crystal display devices, electronic devices, and general related to the present disclosure. First embodiment 3. Evaluation method 4. Reference example 5. Example 1
6. Example 2
7. Example 3
8. Explanation of electronic devices 9. Application example 10. others

[Explanation of Optical Elements, Liquid Crystal Display Devices and Electronic Devices Related to the Disclosure]
In the following description, the liquid crystal display device according to the present disclosure and the liquid crystal display device used for the electronic device according to the present disclosure may be simply referred to as "the liquid crystal display device of the present disclosure". The optical element according to the present disclosure and the optical element used in the liquid crystal display device of the present disclosure may be simply referred to as "the optical element of the present disclosure". Further, the liquid crystal display device of the present disclosure, the optical element of the present disclosure, and the electronic device according to the present disclosure may be simply referred to as "the present disclosure".

As described above, in the present disclosure, the alignment film is surface-treated by applying a material having the structural formula (1). Since this material does not form a network, it has excellent permeability in the thickness direction of the alignment film and can sufficiently cover the hydroxyl groups of the alignment film. Therefore, the decomposition reaction of the liquid crystal material contained in the liquid crystal material layer can be suppressed. Further, it has a feature that the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the alignment film can be improved by lengthening the carbon number _{of R 1 at the terminal.} Further, since the material having the structural formula (1) has a liquid crystal property, even if it is dissolved in the liquid crystal material layer, it is unlikely to be a factor that causes a change in characteristics.

The material having the structural formula (1) may be applied to the alignment film by vapor phase treatment or liquid phase treatment on the alignment film. The vapor phase treatment can be performed, for example, by bringing steam into contact with the alignment film together with _{N 2} gas as a carrier in an environment of 100 Pa and 100 ° C. When the sealing material is applied after the fact, it is preferable to wash the surface-treated sealed area with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) or the like.

Alternatively, for example, after applying a UV curable sealing material to the sealing portion of the facing substrate, a predetermined amount of the material having the structural formula (1) is dropped on the alignment film of the driving substrate and the facing substrate in a vacuum atmosphere. It is also possible to continuously apply the liquid crystal material, and then bond the drive substrate and the facing substrate, and then perform UV irradiation.

In the material having the structural formula (1), the decomposition of the material itself capped on the surface of the alignment film can be suppressed by the isotope effect based on having a deuterium atom. For the material having the structural formula (1) and having two rings, the length of the material is short and the orientation may be disturbed. Therefore, in the present disclosure, it is preferable that the sum of the carbon number of _{R 1 and the value of n 4 is 5 or more when n 1} is 0 in the structural formula (1). In the material having the structural formula (1), any of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a deuterium atom.

In the present disclosure including the various preferable configurations described above, the alignment film is surface-treated by applying a material having the structural formula (1), and then further surface-treated by applying a silane coupling material. It can be configured to be applied. The composition of the silane coupling material is not particularly limited, and a well-known material such as trimethoxydecylsilane or silazane may be appropriately selected and used. According to this configuration, the hydroxyl group of the alignment film can be more effectively coated by the synergistic effect of the material having the structural formula (1) and the silane coupling material.

In the present disclosure including various preferable configurations described above, the liquid crystal material layer can be configured to include a liquid crystal composition having the structural formula (2).

Here, in the liquid crystal composition having the structural formula (2),
Y ₁ , Y ₂ , Y ₃ and Y ₄ are each independently cyclic compounds, with at least one hydrogen substituted by a fluorine atom.
A ₁ , A ₂ and A ₃ are independently single bonds, C ₂ H ₄ , C ₄ H ₈ , ester bonds and CF ₂ O, respectively.
m ₁ to m ₅ are independently 0 or 1, respectively.
R ₂ and R ₃ are each independently an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkoxy group having 2 or more carbon atoms at the terminal. Further, in the liquid crystal composition having the structural formula (2), any of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a deuterium atom. A small amount of an additive that suppresses decomposition by light may be added to the liquid crystal composition.

As the support substrate used for the optical element, a substrate made of a transparent material such as glass or quartz can be used. The same applies to the support substrate used for the facing substrate. The counter electrode provided on the facing substrate can be formed by using a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO). In some cases, a metal film thin enough to have light transmission can be used. The counter electrode functions as a common electrode for each pixel.

When a transmissive optical element is configured, the pixel electrodes provided on the drive substrate can be formed by using the above-mentioned transparent conductive material. On the other hand, when the reflection type optical element is configured, the pixel electrode can be formed by using a metal material such as silver (Ag) or aluminum (Al).

The alignment film used in the present disclosure can be obtained, for example, by a vapor-deposited film of silicon oxide. The orientation direction can be controlled by the vapor deposition direction with respect to the support substrate. For example, by obliquely depositing a silicon oxide on a support substrate, an alignment film that orients liquid crystal molecules in a predetermined direction can be formed.

In the optical element of the present disclosure, the thin film transistor constituting the switching element can be configured by forming and processing a semiconductor material layer or the like on a support substrate.

The materials constituting the various wirings and contacts used in the present disclosure are not particularly limited, and are, for example, aluminum (Al), aluminum alloys such as Al—Cu and Al—Si, tungsten (W), and tungsten silicide (WSi). Metallic materials such as tungsten alloys such as _{x) can be used.}

The insulating layer and the material constituting the insulating film used in the present disclosure are not particularly limited as long as they do not interfere with the implementation of the present disclosure. For example, an inorganic material such as silicon oxide or an organic material such as polyimide can be used.

The liquid crystal display device may be configured to display a monochrome image or may be configured to display a color image. As the pixel values of the liquid crystal display device, in addition to U-XGA (1600,1200), HD-TV (1920,1080), Q-XGA (2048,1536), (3840,2160), (7680, Some of the image resolutions, such as 4320), can be exemplified, but are not limited to these values.

Further, as the electronic device provided with the liquid crystal display device of the present disclosure, various electronic devices having an image display function can be exemplified in addition to the direct-view type and projection type display devices.

The various conditions in this specification are satisfied not only when they are strictly satisfied but also when they are substantially satisfied. The presence of various design or manufacturing variations is acceptable. In addition, each drawing used in the following description is a schematic one and does not show actual dimensions or their ratios.

[First Embodiment]
The first embodiment relates to an optical element, a liquid crystal display device, and an electronic device according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal display device including the optical element according to the present disclosure.

The liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment is an active matrix type liquid crystal display device. As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display device 10 includes various circuits such as pixels PX arranged in a matrix, a horizontal drive circuit 11 for driving the pixels PX, and a vertical drive circuit 12. The reference numeral SCL is a scanning line for scanning the pixel PX, and the reference numeral DTL is a signal line for supplying various voltages to the pixel PX. For example, M pixels in the horizontal direction and N pixels in the vertical direction, for a total of M × N, are arranged in a matrix. The counter electrode shown in FIG. 1 is provided as a common electrode for each liquid crystal cell. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the horizontal drive circuit 11 and the vertical drive circuit 12 are respectively arranged on one end side of the liquid crystal display device 10, but this is merely an example.

FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device. FIG. 2B is a schematic circuit diagram for explaining pixels in a liquid crystal display device.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the liquid crystal display device 10 is
A drive substrate 100 having pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix, and
Opposing board 180 arranged to face the drive board 100 and
A liquid crystal material layer 170 sandwiched between the drive substrate 100 and the facing substrate 180,
The first polarizing element 201 arranged on the facing substrate 180 side and
A second polarizing element 202 arranged on the drive board 100 side,
Includes. The first polarizing element 201 and the second polarizing element 202 are arranged so as to have a cross Nicol or parallel Nicol relationship. The configuration of the extruders 201 and 202 is not particularly limited, and may be an absorption type polarizing element or a wire grid polarizing element. When heat resistance is required, it is preferable to use the polarizing elements 201 and 202 as wire grid polarizing elements.

The drive board 100 and the facing board 180 are sealed by a seal portion 190. The sealing portion 190 is an annular shape surrounding the liquid crystal material layer 170. As a result, the optical element 1 is formed. That is, the liquid crystal display device 10 is configured by sandwiching the optical element 1 between the first polarizing element 201 and the second polarizing element 202. The optical element 1 acts as a phase conversion element that controls the polarization state of the transmitted light. The liquid crystal display device 10 is a transmissive liquid crystal display device.

The drive substrate 100 is provided with a pixel electrode formed by patterning a transparent conductive material film such as ITO. More specifically, the drive substrate 100 is made of, for example, a rectangular support substrate made of quartz glass, a transistor and a pixel electrode provided on the surface on the liquid crystal material layer 170 side, an alignment film provided on the pixel electrode, and the like. It is configured. The facing substrate 180 is provided with a facing electrode made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO. More specifically, the facing substrate 180 is composed of, for example, a rectangular support substrate made of quartz glass, a counter electrode provided on the surface on the liquid crystal material layer 170 side, an alignment film provided on the counter electrode, and the like. ing. For convenience of illustration, the drive substrate 100 and the facing substrate 180 in FIG. 2A are shown in a simplified manner.

As shown in FIG. 2B, the liquid crystal cell constituting the pixel PX is composed of a transparent pixel electrode provided on the drive substrate 100, a liquid crystal material layer of a portion corresponding to the transparent pixel electrode, and a counter electrode. In order to prevent deterioration of the liquid crystal material layer, positive or negative common potentials V _com are alternately applied to the counter electrodes when the liquid crystal display device 10 is driven. In the pixel PX, each element excluding the liquid crystal material layer and the counter electrode is formed on the drive substrate 100 shown in FIG. 2A.

As shown in FIG. 2B, one source / drain region of the thin film transistor TR is connected to the signal line DTL, and the other source / drain region is connected to one electrode of the transparent pixel electrode and the capacitance portion CS. The pixel voltage supplied from the signal line DTL is applied to the transparent pixel electrode via the thin film transistor TR which is made conductive by the scanning signal of the scanning line SCL. Since the transparent pixel electrode and one electrode of the capacitance portion CS are conducting, the pixel voltage is also applied to one electrode of the capacitance portion CS. _{A common potential V com} is applied to the other electrode of the capacitive portion. In this configuration, the voltage of the transparent pixel electrode is held by the capacitance of the liquid crystal cell and the capacitance portion CS even after the thin film transistor TR is brought into a non-conducting state.

Next, the structure of the liquid crystal display device 10 will be described in detail with reference to the cross-sectional view. FIG. 3 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view when the liquid crystal display device provided with the optical element according to the present disclosure is cut.

The configuration of the drive board 100 will be described. A scanning line 111 (corresponding to SCL in FIG. 1) extending in the X direction in the figure is formed on the support substrate 101 constituting the drive substrate 100. An insulating film 112 is formed on the entire surface including the scanning line 111, and a semiconductor material layer 121 constituting the thin film transistor TR is formed on the insulating film 112. A gate insulating film 122 is formed on the entire surface including the semiconductor material layer 121, and a gate electrode 124 is formed on the gate insulating film 122. The gate insulating film 122 and the insulating film 112 are provided with an opening in which the scanning line 111 is exposed, and a contact 123 between the gate electrode 124 and the scanning line 111 is formed in this portion.

An insulating film 125 is formed on the entire surface including the gate electrode 124. A wiring layer 130 including a light-shielding film 131 located above the thin film transistor TR is formed on the insulating film 125. The wiring layer 130 is configured by laminating a plurality of material layers, and the laminated wiring, electrodes, and the like are separated by an insulating layer. In the following description, various insulating layers constituting the wiring layer 130 may be represented by using reference numerals 130A.

The light-shielding film 131 is formed of a conductive material having a light-shielding property. A contact (not shown) is formed between the insulating film 125 and the gate insulating film 122, and the light-shielding film 131 conducts with the other source / drain region of the thin film transistor TR via this contact. A pixel voltage is applied to the light-shielding film 131 from the signal line via the thin film transistor TR in a conductive state.

An electrode 132 is formed above the light-shielding film 131. As will be described later, a common potential is applied to the electrode 132 from a common potential line, and the electrode 132 functions as an electrode of the capacitance portion CS.

Above the electrode 132, a signal line 134 (corresponding to DTL in FIG. 1) extending in the Y direction in the figure is formed. A contact (not shown) is formed in the wiring layer 130, the insulating film 125, and the gate insulating film 122, and the light-shielding film 131 conducts with one source / drain region of the thin film transistor TR via this contact.

Above the signal line 134, a common potential line 136 extending in the Y direction in the figure is formed. The wiring layer 130 is provided with an opening in which the electrode 132 is exposed, and a contact 135 is formed in this portion. The common potential line 136 conducts with the electrode 132 via the contact 135. The capacitance portion CS is formed by the electrode 132 and the light-shielding film 131.

A relay electrode 138 is formed above the common potential line 136. The wiring layer 130 is provided with an opening in which the light-shielding film 131 is exposed, and a contact 137 is formed in this portion. The relay electrode 138 conducts with the light-shielding film 131 via the contact 137.

An insulating film as a surface layer of the wiring layer 130 is formed on the entire surface including the relay electrode 138. A transparent pixel electrode 161 formed by dividing a transparent conductive material film into a two-dimensional matrix at a predetermined pitch is formed on the insulating film. Reference numeral 139 indicates the contact between the transparent pixel electrode 161 and the relay electrode 138. The pixel voltage held by the capacitance unit CS is supplied to the transparent pixel electrode 161 via the contact 139. A flattening film 162 is formed on the entire surface including the transparent pixel electrode 161 and an alignment film 163 made of an inorganic oxide film (for example, silicon oxide) is formed on the flattening film 162.

Next, the configuration of the facing board 180 will be described. The facing substrate 180 includes, for example, a rectangular support substrate 181 made of quartz glass, a counter electrode 182 provided on the surface on the liquid crystal material layer 170 side, and an inorganic oxide film (for example, silicon oxide) provided on the facing electrode 182. It contains an alignment film 183 made of. The counter electrode 182 acts as a common electrode.

The liquid crystal material layer 170 is sandwiched between the alignment film 163 of the drive substrate 100 and the alignment film 183 of the facing substrate 180. The orientation state of the liquid crystal molecules 171 when there is no electric field is defined by the alignment films 163 and 183. The liquid crystal display device 10 is, for example, a vertically oriented (VA) type liquid crystal display device.

As described above, alignment films 163 and 183 made of an inorganic oxide film are formed on the surfaces of the drive substrate 100 and the facing substrate 180 on the liquid crystal material layer 170 side. Then, the alignment films 163 and 183 are surface-treated by applying a material having the structural formula (1).

Here, the material having the structural formula (1) does not contain a fluorine atom and does not contain a fluorine atom.
D indicates a deuterium atom,
X ₁ , X ₂ and X ₃ are independently cyclic compounds, respectively.
A ₁ and A ₂ are independently C ₂ H ₄ , C ₄ H ₈ and ester bonds, respectively.
n ₁ to n ₃ are independently 0 or 1, respectively.
n ₄ is any of 0 to 5 and
R ₁ is any of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group and an alkoxy group having two or more carbon chains at the terminal. For example, X ₁ , X ₂ and X ₃ can each independently contain at least one of transcyclohexane, a benzene ring and a naphthalene ring.

_{When n 1} is 0 in the structural formula (1), it is preferable that the sum of the carbon number of _{R 1 and the value of n 4 is 5 or more.} Further, in the material having the structural formula (1), any of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a deuterium atom.

Since the material having the structural formula (1) does not form a network, it has excellent permeability in the thickness direction of the alignment film and can sufficiently cover the hydroxyl groups of the alignment film. Further, since the material having the structural formula (1) has a liquid crystal property, even if it is dissolved in the liquid crystal material layer, it is unlikely to be a factor that causes a change in characteristics.

The following is an example of the material represented by the structural formula (1).

The liquid crystal material layer 170 sandwiched between the alignment film 163 of the drive substrate 100 and the alignment film 183 of the facing substrate 180 contains a liquid crystal composition having the structural formula (2).

Here, in the liquid crystal composition having the structural formula (2),
Y ₁ , Y ₂ , Y ₃ and Y ₄ are each independently cyclic compounds, with at least one hydrogen substituted by a fluorine atom.
A ₁ , A ₂ and A ₃ are independently single bonds, C ₂ H ₄ , C ₄ H ₈ , ester bonds and CF ₂ O, respectively.
m ₁ to m ₅ are independently 0 or 1, respectively.
R ₂ and R ₃ are each independently an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkoxy group having 2 or more carbon atoms at the terminal. In the liquid crystal composition having the structural formula (2), any of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a deuterium atom.

The composition table of the liquid crystal material layer 170 used in the reference examples and examples described later is shown below.

[Evaluation method]
The light resistance and moisture resistance were evaluated using the liquid crystal display devices according to the reference examples and the examples described later.

The method of evaluating light resistance will be explained. This time, as the light to be irradiated, the light of a high-pressure mercury lamp having a wavelength shorter than 410 nanometers was used. The liquid crystal display device according to the reference example and the embodiment was put into a driving state under a certain operating condition, and the light with a constant illuminance was uniformly irradiated while the temperature was kept constant. Confirmation was performed at regular intervals, and the elapsed time until the liquid crystal material decomposed and bubbles were generated was measured. Based on the elapsed time in the liquid crystal display device of the reference example, the ratio to the reference example was obtained from the elapsed time in the liquid crystal display device according to the example. The larger the ratio to the reference example, the better the light resistance.

We will continue to explain how to evaluate moisture resistance. In the liquid crystal display device according to the reference example or the embodiment, the liquid crystal display device is driven so that there is a voltage difference between adjacent pixels, and the amount of leakage from the pixel to which a relatively high voltage is applied to the adjacent pixel is detected as a change in transmittance. did. Then, the amount of change from the initial state was evaluated. Specifically, the amount of leak was confirmed at regular intervals in an environment of high temperature and high humidity (here, temperature 30 ° C., humidity 80%). When the change was stable, the largest difference during the test period was taken as the leak amount.

[Reference example]
The liquid crystal display device of the reference example has a configuration in which the coating of the material having the structural formula (1) is omitted in the liquid crystal display device 10 described in the first embodiment. The results of light resistance and moisture resistance are shown in the table below.

“SC treatment” in the table means the silane coupling treatment performed in the following steps. Arranging a substrate in a chamber, after heating with high temperature N ₂ gas, maintaining the pressure while flowing a constant amount of N ₂ gas 100 Pa, a temperature of 100 ° C. After vaporizing 0.2 g of 1-decyl-1,1-dimethyl-N- (trimethylsilyl) silaneamine per minute and flowing it into a chamber for 10 minutes, the gas in the chamber is sufficiently replaced and then the substrate is taken out.

[Example 1]
The liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment has a configuration in which one of the materials having the structural formula (1) is applied to the alignment film in the liquid crystal display device 10 described in the first embodiment. The results of light resistance and moisture resistance are shown in the table below. The light resistance is about 1.4 times higher, and the moisture resistance is improved by about 8 points.

[Example 2]
The liquid crystal display device of the second embodiment has a configuration in which two types of materials having the structural formula (1) are applied to the alignment film in the liquid crystal display device 10 described in the first embodiment. The results of light resistance and moisture resistance are shown in the table below. Similar to Example 1, the light resistance is approximately 1.4 times, and the moisture resistance is improved by approximately 8 points.

[Example 3]
The liquid crystal display device of the third embodiment has a configuration in which two types of materials having the structural formula (1) are applied to the alignment film in the liquid crystal display device 10 described in the first embodiment. However, unlike Example 2, one compound has C ₃ H ₇ − and the other compound has C ₇ H ₁₅ −. The results of light resistance and moisture resistance are shown in the table below. Similar to Example 1 and Example 2, the light resistance is about 1.4 times. However, the moisture resistance is improved by about 10 points.

As described above, according to the present disclosure, since the hydroxyl groups of the alignment film can be sufficiently coated, the optical element and the liquid crystal display are excellent in light resistance and moisture resistance and have little influence on the characteristics of the liquid crystal composition. The device can be provided.

[Explanation of electronic devices]
The optical element of the present disclosure described above can be used as a phase conversion element for controlling the polarization state of light. Further, the liquid crystal display device of the present disclosure serves as a display unit (display device) of an electronic device in all fields for displaying a video signal input to the electronic device or a video signal generated in the electronic device as an image or a video. Can be used. As an example, it can be used as a display unit such as a television set, a digital still camera, a notebook personal computer, a portable terminal device such as a mobile phone, a video camera, and a head mount display (head-mounted display).

The liquid crystal display device of the present disclosure also includes a modular one having a sealed configuration. As an example, a display module formed by attaching a facing portion such as a transparent glass material to a pixel array portion is applicable. The display module may be provided with a circuit unit for inputting / outputting a signal or the like from the outside to the pixel array unit, a flexible printed circuit (FPC), or the like. Hereinafter, as specific examples of the electronic device using the liquid crystal display device of the present disclosure, a projection type display device, a digital still camera, and a head-mounted display will be illustrated. However, the specific examples exemplified here are only examples, and are not limited to these.

(Specific example 1)
FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of a projection type display device using the liquid crystal display device of the present disclosure. The projection type display device includes a light source unit 300, an illumination optical system 310, a liquid crystal display device 10, an image control circuit 320 for driving the liquid crystal display device 10, a projection optical system 330, a screen 340, and the like. The light source unit 300 can be composed of, for example, various lamps such as xenon lamps and semiconductor light emitting elements such as light emitting diodes. The illumination optical system 310 is used to guide the light from the light source unit 300 to the liquid crystal display device 10, and is composed of optical elements such as a prism and a dichroic mirror. The liquid crystal display device 10 acts as a light bulb, and an image is projected on the screen 340 via the projection optical system 330.

(Specific example 2)
FIG. 5 is an external view of an interchangeable lens single-lens reflex type digital still camera, the front view thereof is shown in FIG. 5A, and the rear view thereof is shown in FIG. 5B. The interchangeable-lens single-lens reflex type digital still camera has, for example, an interchangeable photographing lens unit (interchangeable lens) 512 on the front right side of the camera body (camera body) 511, and is held by the photographer on the front left side. It has a grip portion 513 for the purpose.

A monitor 514 is provided in the center of the back of the camera body 511. A viewfinder (eyepiece window) 515 is provided on the upper part of the monitor 514. By looking into the viewfinder 515, the photographer can visually recognize the optical image of the subject guided from the photographing lens unit 512 and determine the composition.

In the interchangeable lens single-lens reflex type digital still camera having the above configuration, the liquid crystal display device of the present disclosure can be used as the viewfinder 515. That is, the interchangeable lens type single-lens reflex type digital still camera according to this example is manufactured by using the liquid crystal display device of the present disclosure as the viewfinder 515.

(Specific example 3)
FIG. 6 is an external view of the head-mounted display. The head-mounted display has, for example, ear hooks 612 for being worn on the user's head on both sides of the eyeglass-shaped display unit 611. In this head-mounted display, the liquid crystal display device of the present disclosure can be used as the display unit 611. That is, the head-mounted display according to this example is manufactured by using the liquid crystal display device of the present disclosure as the display unit 611.

(Specific example 4)
FIG. 7 is an external view of a see-through head-mounted display. The see-through head-mounted display 711 is composed of a main body portion 712, an arm 713, and a lens barrel 714.

The main body 712 is connected to the arm 713 and the glasses 700. Specifically, the end portion of the main body portion 712 in the long side direction is connected to the arm 713, and one side of the side surface of the main body portion 712 is connected to the eyeglasses 700 via a connecting member. The main body portion 712 may be directly attached to the head of the human body.

The main body 712 incorporates a control board for controlling the operation of the see-through head-mounted display 711 and a display unit. The arm 713 connects the main body 712 and the lens barrel 714, and supports the lens barrel 714. Specifically, the arm 713 is coupled to the end of the main body 712 and the end of the lens barrel 714, respectively, to fix the lens barrel 714. Further, the arm 713 has a built-in signal line for communicating data related to an image provided from the main body portion 712 to the lens barrel 714.

The lens barrel 714 projects the image light provided from the main body 712 via the arm 713 toward the eyes of the user who wears the see-through head-mounted display 711 through the eyepiece. In this see-through head-mounted display 711, the liquid crystal display device of the present disclosure can be used for the display unit of the main body unit 712.

[Application example]
The technology according to the present disclosure can be applied to various products. For example, the technology according to the present disclosure refers to any type of movement such as automobiles, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, motorcycles, bicycles, personal mobility, airplanes, drones, ships, robots, construction machinery, agricultural machinery (tractors), and the like. It may be realized as a device mounted on the body.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a vehicle control system 7000, which is an example of a mobile control system to which the technique according to the present disclosure can be applied. The vehicle control system 7000 includes a plurality of electronic control units connected via a communication network 7010. In the example shown in FIG. 8, the vehicle control system 7000 includes a drive system control unit 7100, a body system control unit 7200, a battery control unit 7300, an outside information detection unit 7400, an in-vehicle information detection unit 7500, and an integrated control unit 7600. .. The communication network 7010 connecting these multiple control units conforms to any standard such as CAN (Controller Area Network), LIN (Local Interconnect Network), LAN (Local Area Network) or FlexRay (registered trademark). It may be an in-vehicle communication network.

Each control unit includes a microcomputer that performs arithmetic processing according to various programs, a storage unit that stores programs executed by the microcomputer or parameters used for various arithmetic, and a drive circuit that drives various controlled devices. To prepare for. Each control unit is provided with a network I / F for communicating with other control units via the communication network 7010, and is connected to devices or sensors inside and outside the vehicle by wired communication or wireless communication. A communication I / F for performing communication is provided. In FIG. 8, as the functional configuration of the integrated control unit 7600, the microcomputer 7610, the general-purpose communication I / F7620, the dedicated communication I / F7630, the positioning unit 7640, the beacon receiving unit 7650, the in-vehicle device I / F7660, the audio image output unit 7670, The vehicle-mounted network I / F 7680 and the storage unit 7690 are illustrated. Other control units also include a microcomputer, a communication I / F, a storage unit, and the like.

The drive system control unit 7100 controls the operation of the device related to the drive system of the vehicle according to various programs. For example, the drive system control unit 7100 has a driving force generator for generating the driving force of the vehicle such as an internal combustion engine or a driving motor, a driving force transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving force to the wheels, and a steering angle of the vehicle. It functions as a control device such as a steering mechanism for adjusting and a braking device for generating braking force of the vehicle. The drive system control unit 7100 may have a function as a control device such as ABS (Antilock Brake System) or ESC (Electronic Stability Control).

The vehicle state detection unit 7110 is connected to the drive system control unit 7100. The vehicle state detection unit 7110 may include, for example, a gyro sensor that detects the angular velocity of the axial rotation motion of the vehicle body, an acceleration sensor that detects the acceleration of the vehicle, an accelerator pedal operation amount, a brake pedal operation amount, or steering wheel steering. It includes at least one of sensors for detecting an angle, engine speed, wheel speed, and the like. The drive system control unit 7100 performs arithmetic processing using a signal input from the vehicle state detection unit 7110, and controls an internal combustion engine, a drive motor, an electric power steering device, a brake device, and the like.

The body system control unit 7200 controls the operation of various devices mounted on the vehicle body according to various programs. For example, the body system control unit 7200 functions as a keyless entry system, a smart key system, a power window device, or a control device for various lamps such as headlamps, back lamps, brake lamps, turn signals or fog lamps. In this case, a radio wave transmitted from a portable device that substitutes for a key or signals of various switches may be input to the body system control unit 7200. The body system control unit 7200 receives inputs of these radio waves or signals and controls a vehicle door lock device, a power window device, a lamp, and the like.

The battery control unit 7300 controls the secondary battery 7310, which is the power supply source of the drive motor, according to various programs. For example, information such as the battery temperature, the battery output voltage, or the remaining capacity of the battery is input to the battery control unit 7300 from the battery device including the secondary battery 7310. The battery control unit 7300 performs arithmetic processing using these signals, and controls the temperature control of the secondary battery 7310 or the cooling device provided in the battery device.

The outside information detection unit 7400 detects information outside the vehicle equipped with the vehicle control system 7000. For example, at least one of the image pickup unit 7410 and the vehicle exterior information detection unit 7420 is connected to the vehicle exterior information detection unit 7400. The image pickup unit 7410 includes at least one of a ToF (Time Of Flight) camera, a stereo camera, a monocular camera, an infrared camera, and other cameras. The vehicle outside information detection unit 7420 is used, for example, to detect the current weather or an environment sensor for detecting the weather, or other vehicles, obstacles, pedestrians, etc. around the vehicle equipped with the vehicle control system 7000. At least one of the ambient information detection sensors is included.

The environment sensor may be, for example, at least one of a raindrop sensor that detects rainy weather, a fog sensor that detects fog, a sunshine sensor that detects the degree of sunshine, and a snow sensor that detects snowfall. The ambient information detection sensor may be at least one of an ultrasonic sensor, a radar device, and a LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging, Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging) device. The image pickup unit 7410 and the vehicle exterior information detection unit 7420 may be provided as independent sensors or devices, or may be provided as a device in which a plurality of sensors or devices are integrated.

Here, FIG. 9 shows an example of the installation position of the image pickup unit 7410 and the vehicle exterior information detection unit 7420. The image pickup unit 7910, 7912, 7914, 7916, 7918 are provided, for example, at at least one of the front nose, side mirror, rear bumper, back door, and upper part of the windshield of the vehicle interior of the vehicle 7900. The image pickup unit 7910 provided in the front nose and the image pickup section 7918 provided in the upper part of the windshield in the vehicle interior mainly acquire an image in front of the vehicle 7900. The image pickup units 7912 and 7914 provided in the side mirrors mainly acquire images of the side of the vehicle 7900. The image pickup unit 7916 provided in the rear bumper or the back door mainly acquires an image of the rear of the vehicle 7900. The image pickup unit 7918 provided on the upper part of the windshield in the vehicle interior is mainly used for detecting a preceding vehicle, a pedestrian, an obstacle, a traffic light, a traffic sign, a lane, or the like.

Note that FIG. 9 shows an example of the shooting range of each of the imaging units 7910, 7912, 7914, 7916. The imaging range a indicates the imaging range of the imaging unit 7910 provided on the front nose, the imaging ranges b and c indicate the imaging range of the imaging units 7912 and 7914 provided on the side mirrors, respectively, and the imaging range d indicates the imaging range d. The imaging range of the imaging unit 7916 provided on the rear bumper or the back door is shown. For example, by superimposing the image data captured by the image pickup units 7910, 7912, 7914, 7916, a bird's-eye view image of the vehicle 7900 can be obtained.

The vehicle exterior information detection unit 7920, 7922, 7924, 7926, 7928, 7930 provided on the front, rear, side, corner and the upper part of the windshield in the vehicle interior of the vehicle 7900 may be, for example, an ultrasonic sensor or a radar device. The vehicle exterior information detection units 7920, 7926, 7930 provided on the front nose, rear bumper, back door, and upper part of the windshield in the vehicle interior of the vehicle 7900 may be, for example, a lidar device. These out-of-vehicle information detection units 7920 to 7930 are mainly used for detecting a preceding vehicle, a pedestrian, an obstacle, or the like.

Return to Fig. 8 and continue the explanation. The vehicle outside information detection unit 7400 causes the image pickup unit 7410 to capture an image of the outside of the vehicle and receives the captured image data. Further, the vehicle outside information detection unit 7400 receives the detection information from the connected vehicle outside information detection unit 7420. When the vehicle exterior information detection unit 7420 is an ultrasonic sensor, a radar device, or a lidar device, the vehicle exterior information detection unit 7400 transmits ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, or the like, and receives received reflected wave information. The out-of-vehicle information detection unit 7400 may perform object detection processing or distance detection processing such as a person, a vehicle, an obstacle, a sign, or a character on a road surface based on the received information. The out-of-vehicle information detection unit 7400 may perform an environment recognition process for recognizing rainfall, fog, road surface conditions, etc. based on the received information. The out-of-vehicle information detection unit 7400 may calculate the distance to an object outside the vehicle based on the received information.

Further, the vehicle outside information detection unit 7400 may perform image recognition processing or distance detection processing for recognizing a person, a vehicle, an obstacle, a sign, a character on the road surface, or the like based on the received image data. The vehicle outside information detection unit 7400 performs processing such as distortion correction or alignment on the received image data, and synthesizes image data captured by different image pickup units 7410 to generate a bird's-eye view image or a panoramic image. May be good. The vehicle exterior information detection unit 7400 may perform the viewpoint conversion process using the image data captured by different image pickup units 7410.

The in-vehicle information detection unit 7500 detects the in-vehicle information. For example, a driver state detection unit 7510 for detecting the state of the driver is connected to the in-vehicle information detection unit 7500. The driver state detection unit 7510 may include a camera that captures the driver, a biosensor that detects the driver's biological information, a microphone that collects sound in the vehicle interior, and the like. The biosensor is provided on, for example, a seat surface or a steering wheel, and detects biometric information of a passenger sitting on the seat or a driver holding the steering wheel. The in-vehicle information detection unit 7500 may calculate the degree of fatigue or concentration of the driver based on the detection information input from the driver state detection unit 7510, and may determine whether the driver is asleep. You may. The in-vehicle information detection unit 7500 may perform processing such as noise canceling processing on the collected audio signal.

The integrated control unit 7600 controls the overall operation in the vehicle control system 7000 according to various programs. An input unit 7800 is connected to the integrated control unit 7600. The input unit 7800 is realized by a device that can be input-operated by the passenger, such as a touch panel, a button, a microphone, a switch, or a lever. Data obtained by recognizing the voice input by the microphone may be input to the integrated control unit 7600. The input unit 7800 may be, for example, a remote control device using infrared rays or other radio waves, or an external connection device such as a mobile phone or a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) corresponding to the operation of the vehicle control system 7000. You may. The input unit 7800 may be, for example, a camera, in which case the passenger can input information by gesture. Alternatively, data obtained by detecting the movement of the wearable device worn by the passenger may be input. Further, the input unit 7800 may include, for example, an input control circuit that generates an input signal based on the information input by the passenger or the like using the input unit 7800 and outputs the input signal to the integrated control unit 7600. By operating the input unit 7800, the passenger or the like inputs various data to the vehicle control system 7000 and instructs the processing operation.

The storage unit 7690 may include a ROM (Read Only Memory) for storing various programs executed by the microcomputer, and a RAM (Random Access Memory) for storing various parameters, calculation results, sensor values, and the like. Further, the storage unit 7690 may be realized by a magnetic storage device such as an HDD (Hard Disc Drive), a semiconductor storage device, an optical storage device, an optical magnetic storage device, or the like.

The general-purpose communication I / F 7620 is a general-purpose communication I / F that mediates communication with various devices existing in the external environment 7750. General-purpose communication I / F7620 is a cellular communication protocol such as GSM (registered trademark) (Global System of Mobile communications), WiMAX, LTE (Long Term Evolution) or LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), or wireless LAN (Wi-Fi). Other wireless communication protocols such as (also referred to as (registered trademark)) and Bluetooth (registered trademark) may be implemented. The general-purpose communication I / F7620 connects to a device (for example, an application server or a control server) existing on an external network (for example, the Internet, a cloud network, or a business-specific network) via a base station or an access point, for example. You may. Further, the general-purpose communication I / F7620 uses, for example, P2P (Peer To Peer) technology, and is a terminal existing in the vicinity of the vehicle (for example, a driver, a pedestrian or a store terminal, or an MTC (Machine Type Communication) terminal). May be connected with.

The dedicated communication I / F 7630 is a communication I / F that supports a communication protocol formulated for use in a vehicle. The dedicated communication I / F7630 uses a standard protocol such as WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicle Environment), DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications), which is a combination of the lower layer IEEE802.11p and the upper layer IEEE1609, or a cellular communication protocol. May be implemented. Dedicated communication I / F7630 is typically vehicle-to-vehicle (Vehicle to Vehicle) communication, road-to-vehicle (Vehicle to Infrastructure) communication, vehicle-to-house (Vehicle to Home) communication, and pedestrian-to-vehicle (Vehicle to Pedestrian) communication. ) Carry out V2X communication, a concept that includes one or more of the communications.

The positioning unit 7640 receives, for example, a GNSS signal from a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellite (for example, a GPS signal from a GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite), executes positioning, and executes positioning, and the latitude, longitude, and altitude of the vehicle. Generate location information including. The positioning unit 7640 may specify the current position by exchanging signals with the wireless access point, or may acquire position information from a terminal such as a mobile phone, PHS, or smartphone having a positioning function.

The beacon receiving unit 7650 receives radio waves or electromagnetic waves transmitted from a radio station or the like installed on the road, and acquires information such as the current position, traffic jam, road closure, or required time. The function of the beacon receiving unit 7650 may be included in the above-mentioned dedicated communication I / F 7630.

The in-vehicle device I / F 7660 is a communication interface that mediates the connection between the microcomputer 7610 and various in-vehicle devices 7760 existing in the vehicle. The in-vehicle device I / F7660 may establish a wireless connection using a wireless communication protocol such as wireless LAN, Bluetooth (registered trademark), NFC (Near Field Communication) or WUSB (Wireless USB). In addition, the in-vehicle device I / F7660 is connected via a connection terminal (and a cable if necessary) (not shown), USB (Universal Serial Bus), HDMI (registered trademark) (High-Definition Multimedia Interface), or MHL (Mobile). A wired connection such as High-definition Link) may be established. The in-vehicle device 7760 may include, for example, at least one of a passenger's mobile device or wearable device, or information device carried in or attached to the vehicle. Further, the in-vehicle device 7760 may include a navigation device that searches for a route to an arbitrary destination. The in-vehicle device I / F 7660 exchanges a control signal or a data signal with these in-vehicle devices 7760.

The in-vehicle network I / F7680 is an interface that mediates communication between the microcomputer 7610 and the communication network 7010. The vehicle-mounted network I / F7680 transmits / receives signals and the like according to a predetermined protocol supported by the communication network 7010.

The microcomputer 7610 of the integrated control unit 7600 is via at least one of general-purpose communication I / F7620, dedicated communication I / F7630, positioning unit 7640, beacon receiving unit 7650, in-vehicle device I / F7660, and in-vehicle network I / F7680. The vehicle control system 7000 is controlled according to various programs based on the information acquired. For example, the microcomputer 7610 calculates the control target value of the driving force generator, the steering mechanism, or the braking device based on the acquired information inside and outside the vehicle, and outputs a control command to the drive system control unit 7100. May be good. For example, the microcomputer 7610 realizes ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) functions including vehicle collision avoidance or impact mitigation, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, vehicle lane deviation warning, and the like. Cooperative control may be performed for the purpose of. In addition, the microcomputer 7610 automatically travels autonomously without relying on the driver's operation by controlling the driving force generator, steering mechanism, braking device, etc. based on the acquired information on the surroundings of the vehicle. Coordinated control may be performed for the purpose of driving or the like.

The microcomputer 7610 has information acquired via at least one of a general-purpose communication I / F7620, a dedicated communication I / F7630, a positioning unit 7640, a beacon receiving unit 7650, an in-vehicle device I / F7660, and an in-vehicle network I / F7680. Based on the above, three-dimensional distance information between the vehicle and an object such as a surrounding structure or a person may be generated, and local map information including the peripheral information of the current position of the vehicle may be created. Further, the microcomputer 7610 may predict the danger of a vehicle collision, a pedestrian or the like approaching or entering a closed road, and generate a warning signal based on the acquired information. The warning signal may be, for example, a signal for generating a warning sound or lighting a warning lamp.

The audio image output unit 7670 transmits an output signal of at least one of audio and image to an output device capable of visually or audibly notifying information to the passenger or the outside of the vehicle. In the example of FIG. 8, as an output device, an audio speaker 7710, a display unit 7720, and an instrument panel 7730 are exemplified. The display unit 7720 may include, for example, at least one of an onboard display and a head-up display. The display unit 7720 may have an AR (Augmented Reality) display function. The output device may be other devices such as headphones, wearable devices such as eyeglass-type displays worn by passengers, projectors or lamps other than these devices. When the output device is a display device, the display device displays the results obtained by various processes performed by the microcomputer 7610 or the information received from other control units in various formats such as texts, images, tables, and graphs. Display visually. When the output device is an audio output device, the audio output device converts an audio signal composed of reproduced audio data, acoustic data, or the like into an analog signal and outputs the audio signal audibly.

In the example shown in FIG. 8, at least two control units connected via the communication network 7010 may be integrated as one control unit. Alternatively, each control unit may be composed of a plurality of control units. Further, the vehicle control system 7000 may include another control unit (not shown). Further, in the above description, the other control unit may have a part or all of the functions carried out by any of the control units. That is, as long as information is transmitted and received via the communication network 7010, predetermined arithmetic processing may be performed by any of the control units. Similarly, a sensor or device connected to any control unit may be connected to another control unit, and a plurality of control units may send and receive detection information to and from each other via the communication network 7010. ..

The technique according to the present disclosure can be applied to, for example, the display unit of an output device capable of visually or audibly notifying information among the configurations described above.

[others]
The technology disclosed in the present disclosure can also have the following configurations.

[A1]
A drive board having pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix,
Opposing boards placed facing the drive board and
A liquid crystal material layer sandwiched between the drive substrate and the facing substrate,
Includes
An alignment film made of an inorganic oxide film is formed on the surface of the drive substrate and the facing substrate on the liquid crystal material layer side.
The alignment film is surface-treated by applying a material having the structural formula (1).
Optical element.

Here, the material having the structural formula (1) does not contain a fluorine atom and does not contain a fluorine atom.
D indicates a deuterium atom,
X ₁ , X ₂ and X ₃ are independently cyclic compounds, respectively.
A ₁ and A ₂ are independently C ₂ H ₄ , C ₄ H ₈ and ester bonds, respectively.
n ₁ to n ₃ are independently 0 or 1, respectively.
n ₄ is any of 0 to 5 and
R ₁ is any of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group and an alkoxy group having two or more carbon chains at the terminal.
[A2]
_{When n 1} is 0 in the structural formula (1), the sum of the carbon number of _{R 1 and the value of n 4} is 5 or more.
The optical element according to the above [A1].
[A3]
In the material having the structural formula (1), any of the hydrogen atoms is replaced with a deuterium atom.
The optical element according to the above [A1] or [A2].
[A4]
The alignment film is surface-treated by applying a material having the structural formula (1), and then further surface-treated by applying a silane coupling material.
The optical element according to any one of the above [A1] to [A3].
[A5]
The liquid crystal material layer contains a liquid crystal composition having the structural formula (2).
The optical element according to any one of the above [A1] to [A4].

Here, in the liquid crystal composition having the structural formula (2),
Y ₁ , Y ₂ , Y ₃ and Y ₄ are each independently cyclic compounds, with at least one hydrogen substituted by a fluorine atom.
A ₁ , A ₂ and A ₃ are independently single bonds, C ₂ H ₄ , C ₄ H ₈ , ester bonds and CF ₂ O, respectively.
m ₁ to m ₅ are independently 0 or 1, respectively.
R ₂ and R ₃ are each independently an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkoxy group having 2 or more carbon atoms at the terminal.
[A6]
In the liquid crystal composition having the structural formula (2), any of the hydrogen atoms is substituted with a deuterium atom.
The optical element according to the above [A5].

[B1]
A drive board having pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix,
Opposing boards placed facing the drive board and
A liquid crystal material layer sandwiched between the drive substrate and the facing substrate,
The first polarizing element arranged on the opposite substrate side and
The second polarizing element placed on the drive board side,
Includes
An alignment film made of an inorganic oxide film is formed on the surface of the drive substrate and the facing substrate on the liquid crystal material layer side.
The alignment film is surface-treated by applying a material having the structural formula (1).
Liquid crystal display device.

Here, the material having the structural formula (1) does not contain a fluorine atom and does not contain a fluorine atom.
D indicates a deuterium atom,
X ₁ , X ₂ and X ₃ are independently cyclic compounds, respectively.
A ₁ and A ₂ are independently C ₂ H ₄ , C ₄ H ₈ and ester bonds, respectively.
n ₁ to n ₃ are independently 0 or 1, respectively.
n ₄ is any of 0 to 5 and
R ₁ is any of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group and an alkoxy group having two or more carbon chains at the terminal.
[B2]
_{When n 1} is 0 in the structural formula (1), the sum of the carbon number of _{R 1 and the value of n 4} is 5 or more.
The liquid crystal display device according to the above [B1].
[B3]
In the material having the structural formula (1), any of the hydrogen atoms is replaced with a deuterium atom.
The liquid crystal display device according to the above [B1] or [B2].
[B4]
The alignment film is surface-treated by applying a material having the structural formula (1), and then further surface-treated by applying a silane coupling material.
The liquid crystal display device according to any one of the above [B1] to [B3].
[B5]
The liquid crystal material layer contains a liquid crystal composition having the structural formula (2).
The liquid crystal display device according to any one of the above [B1] to [B4].

Here, in the liquid crystal composition having the structural formula (2),
Y ₁ , Y ₂ , Y ₃ and Y ₄ are each independently cyclic compounds, with at least one hydrogen substituted by a fluorine atom.
A ₁ , A ₂ and A ₃ are independently single bonds, C ₂ H ₄ , C ₄ H ₈ , ester bonds and CF ₂ O, respectively.
m ₁ to m ₅ are independently 0 or 1, respectively.
R ₂ and R ₃ are each independently an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkoxy group having 2 or more carbon atoms at the terminal.
[B6]
In the liquid crystal composition having the structural formula (2), any of the hydrogen atoms is substituted with a deuterium atom.
The liquid crystal display device according to the above [C5].

[C1]
A drive board having pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix,
Opposing boards placed facing the drive board and
A liquid crystal material layer sandwiched between the drive substrate and the facing substrate,
The first polarizing element arranged on the opposite substrate side and
The second polarizing element placed on the drive board side,
Includes
An alignment film made of an inorganic oxide film is formed on the surface of the drive substrate and the facing substrate on the liquid crystal material layer side.
The alignment film is surface-treated by applying a material having the structural formula (1).
An electronic device equipped with a liquid crystal display device.

Here, the material having the structural formula (1) does not contain a fluorine atom and does not contain a fluorine atom.
D indicates a deuterium atom,
X ₁ , X ₂ and X ₃ are independently cyclic compounds, respectively.
A ₁ and A ₂ are independently C ₂ H ₄ , C ₄ H ₈ and ester bonds, respectively.
n ₁ to n ₃ are independently 0 or 1, respectively.
n ₄ is any of 0 to 5 and
R ₁ is any of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group and an alkoxy group having two or more carbon chains at the terminal.
[C2]
_{When n 1} is 0 in the structural formula (1), the sum of the carbon number of _{R 1 and the value of n 4} is 5 or more.
The electronic device according to the above [C1].
[C3]
In the material having the structural formula (1), any of the hydrogen atoms is replaced with a deuterium atom.
The electronic device according to the above [C1] or [C2].
[C4]
The alignment film is surface-treated by applying a material having the structural formula (1), and then further surface-treated by applying a silane coupling material.
The electronic device according to any one of the above [C1] to [C3].
[C5]
The liquid crystal material layer contains a liquid crystal composition having the structural formula (2).
The electronic device according to any one of the above [C1] to [C4].

Here, in the liquid crystal composition having the structural formula (2),
Y ₁ , Y ₂ , Y ₃ and Y ₄ are each independently cyclic compounds, with at least one hydrogen substituted by a fluorine atom.
A ₁ , A ₂ and A ₃ are independently single bonds, C ₂ H ₄ , C ₄ H ₈ , ester bonds and CF ₂ O, respectively.
m ₁ to m ₅ are independently 0 or 1, respectively.
R ₂ and R ₃ are each independently an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkoxy group having 2 or more carbon atoms at the terminal.
[C6]
In the liquid crystal composition having the structural formula (2), any of the hydrogen atoms is substituted with a deuterium atom.
The electronic device according to the above [C5].

Claims (8)

1. A drive board having pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix,
   Opposing boards placed facing the drive board and
   A liquid crystal material layer sandwiched between the drive substrate and the facing substrate,
   Includes
   An alignment film made of an inorganic oxide film is formed on the surface of the drive substrate and the facing substrate on the liquid crystal material layer side.
   The alignment film is surface-treated by applying a material having the structural formula (1).
   Optical element.
   

   

   Here, the material having the structural formula (1) does not contain a fluorine atom and does not contain a fluorine atom.
   D indicates a deuterium atom,
   X ₁ , X ₂ and X ₃ are independently cyclic compounds, respectively.
   A ₁ and A ₂ are independently C ₂ H ₄ , C ₄ H ₈ and ester bonds, respectively.
   n ₁ to n ₃ are independently 0 or 1, respectively.
   n ₄ is any of 0 to 5 and
   R ₁ is any of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group and an alkoxy group having two or more carbon chains at the terminal.
2. _{When n 1} is 0 in the structural formula (1), the sum of the carbon number of _{R 1 and the value of n 4} is 5 or more.
   The optical element according to claim 1.
3. In the material having the structural formula (1), any of the hydrogen atoms is replaced with a deuterium atom.
   The optical element according to claim 1.
4. The alignment film is surface-treated by applying a material having the structural formula (1), and then further surface-treated by applying a silane coupling material.
   The optical element according to claim 1.
5. The liquid crystal material layer contains a liquid crystal composition having the structural formula (2).
   The optical element according to claim 1.
   

   

   Here, in the liquid crystal composition having the structural formula (2),
   Y ₁ , Y ₂ , Y ₃ and Y ₄ are each independently cyclic compounds, with at least one hydrogen substituted by a fluorine atom.
   A ₁ , A ₂ and A ₃ are independently single bonds, C ₂ H ₄ , C ₄ H ₈ , ester bonds and CF ₂ O, respectively.
   m ₁ to m ₅ are independently 0 or 1, respectively.
   R ₂ and R ₃ are each independently an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkoxy group having 2 or more carbon atoms at the terminal.
6. In the liquid crystal composition having the structural formula (2), any of the hydrogen atoms is substituted with a deuterium atom.
   The optical element according to claim 5.
7. A drive board having pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix,
   Opposing boards placed facing the drive board and
   A liquid crystal material layer sandwiched between the drive substrate and the facing substrate,
   The first polarizing element arranged on the opposite substrate side and
   The second polarizing element placed on the drive board side,
   Includes
   An alignment film made of an inorganic oxide film is formed on the surface of the drive substrate and the facing substrate on the liquid crystal material layer side.
   The alignment film is surface-treated by applying a material having the structural formula (1).
   Liquid crystal display device.
   

   

   Here, the material having the structural formula (1) does not contain a fluorine atom and does not contain a fluorine atom.
   D indicates a deuterium atom,
   X ₁ , X ₂ and X ₃ are independently cyclic compounds, respectively.
   A ₁ and A ₂ are independently C ₂ H ₄ , C ₄ H ₈ and ester bonds, respectively.
   n ₁ to n ₃ are independently 0 or 1, respectively.
   n ₄ is any of 0 to 5 and
   R ₁ is any of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group and an alkoxy group having two or more carbon chains at the terminal.
8. A drive board having pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix,
   Opposing boards placed facing the drive board and
   A liquid crystal material layer sandwiched between the drive substrate and the facing substrate,
   The first polarizing element arranged on the opposite substrate side and
   The second polarizing element placed on the drive board side,
   Includes
   An alignment film made of an inorganic oxide film is formed on the surface of the drive substrate and the facing substrate on the liquid crystal material layer side.
   The alignment film is surface-treated by applying a material having the structural formula (1).
   An electronic device equipped with a liquid crystal display device.
   

   

   Here, the material having the structural formula (1) does not contain a fluorine atom and does not contain a fluorine atom.
   D indicates a deuterium atom,
   X ₁ , X ₂ and X ₃ are independently cyclic compounds, respectively.
   A ₁ and A ₂ are independently C ₂ H ₄ , C ₄ H ₈ and ester bonds, respectively.
   n ₁ to n ₃ are independently 0 or 1, respectively.
   n ₄ is any of 0 to 5 and
   R ₁ is any of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group and an alkoxy group having two or more carbon chains at the terminal.

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