WO2021245821A1 - Propulsion system and method using self-decomposition of nitrous oxide - Google Patents
Propulsion system and method using self-decomposition of nitrous oxide Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021245821A1 WO2021245821A1 PCT/JP2020/021878 JP2020021878W WO2021245821A1 WO 2021245821 A1 WO2021245821 A1 WO 2021245821A1 JP 2020021878 W JP2020021878 W JP 2020021878W WO 2021245821 A1 WO2021245821 A1 WO 2021245821A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
- F02K9/42—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof using liquid or gaseous propellants
- F02K9/60—Constructional parts; Details not otherwise provided for
- F02K9/62—Combustion or thrust chambers
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- the present invention relates to an activation device that autolyzes nitrous oxide, a propulsion system using the activation device, and a method thereof.
- the present invention is characterized in that the heat storage material causes self-decomposition and eliminates the catalyst.
- the heat storage material causes self-decomposition and eliminates the catalyst.
- Nitrous oxide is a high-energy substance, and a large amount of energy can be obtained by self-decomposition, and the mixed gas of nitrogen and oxygen obtained by the self-decomposition can be raised to a high temperature. It is expected to be used as a thrust generator (hereinafter referred to as a thruster) in a propulsion system.
- a thrust generator hereinafter referred to as a thruster
- Nitrous oxide is used for medical purposes as an anesthetic called laughing gas, is a non-toxic and stable substance, and is a substitute for hydrazine, which is a toxic propellant, for use in spacecraft. It is also expected to be used as a propellant for nitrous oxide.
- nitrous oxide Since nitrous oxide is extremely stable, it has the property that it cannot start continuous autolysis, that is, it cannot be activated as a thruster unless a special catalyst is used. In addition, because of its stability, nitrous oxide has a high greenhouse effect, and socially, its emission is restricted, and appropriate disposal is required. For this reason, laughing gas for medical use has been put into practical use by self-decomposing and disposing of it. Although it is used at low temperatures, catalysts that continuously autolyze nitrous oxide actually exist and are being used industrially.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-144588 Although a preliminary decomposition reactor is provided in the same document, it is still a type equipped with a catalyst and does not refer to the type described in the present invention which does not require a catalyst.
- United States Patent 10,316,794 The gist of the present invention relates to a dual mode combustor. The present invention is based on the use of a catalyst, and does not refer to the use of a catalyst-free preliminary decomposition chamber using a one-component propellant described in the present invention.
- United States Patent 8,814,562 The present invention is based on the use of a catalyst and is completely different from the present invention.
- the invention of the same document is based on the premise that a HAN catalyst decomposition reactor is installed upstream and a combustor is installed downstream, and the catalyst does not need to be installed in the upstream decomposition reactor.
- the present invention is characterized in that a pre-decomposition reactor is additionally provided in the decomposition process of nitrous oxide, and the number of stages is increased.
- the invention of the same document is completely different from the present invention because the decomposition reactor portion of the HAN propellant, which is an oxidizing agent, is not multi-staged.
- Figure 1 shows the configuration of a thruster that continuously self-decomposes high-energy substances such as hydrazine and nitrous oxide using the most common catalyst and obtains thrust using the obtained high-temperature gas.
- the main decomposition reactor (100) is provided with a nozzle portion (101) for discharging the propellant as a gas and a port (102) for supplying the liquid or gaseous high-energy substance (400) to the decomposition reactor. ..
- a catalyst (300) is placed in the decomposition reactor.
- preheating is performed by the heater (200), but the heater is often placed outside the combustor, especially when the decomposition reaction temperature is to be raised. Further, in this case, heating by the preheating heater is indirect and the efficiency is not high.
- the catalyst is constantly exposed to the generated high-temperature gas while this decomposition reaction continues, and especially when the decomposition gas contains high-temperature oxygen such as nitrous oxide, a catalyst or a carrier carrying the catalyst is used. Also has the problem of being damaged. In a reaction exceeding 1000 degrees Celsius, the catalyst may not function after several operations, which has greatly hindered its practical application.
- FIG. 10 The configuration of the thruster of the present invention is shown in FIG.
- a preliminary decomposition reactor (1000) is provided, and both reactors are equipped with a main heat storage material (500) and a preliminary heat storage material (501).
- the pre-reactor is guided through the pre-reactor port (103) to guide gaseous nitrous oxide (401) and heats only the very local heat storage material portion (501) to continuously self-sufficient nitrous oxide.
- Decomposition is started, the obtained high temperature gas is guided to the heat storage material (500) of the main decomposition reactor, and the heat storage material is heated to continuously generate liquid or gaseous nitrous oxide in the main decomposition reactor. Initiate self-decomposition.
- the preheating heater (200) is placed in a cold air stream of nitrous oxide further upstream of the heat storage material in the preheating reactor, isolated from the preheating material and the main decomposition reactor, and placed so as not to reach a high temperature. That is, in the pre-decomposition reactor, the gaseous nitrous oxide is heated by the preheating heater without bringing the heater into contact with the preheating material, and the heated high-temperature gas is injected into the preheating material. Self-decomposition is initiated on the preheat storage material. After that, the direct heat material of this decomposition reactor is heated.
- the catalyst can be eliminated and the decomposition reaction can be stabilized and sustained.
- the required start-up temperature is higher than when the catalyst is used, but since the portion of the pre-heat storage material to raise the temperature is extremely small, the electric power required for preheating can be sufficiently suppressed.
- the material of the pre-decomposition reactor (1000) may be made of stainless steel, for example, as long as the heat resistance exceeds the lower limit temperature for the start of continuous autolysis.
- ceramic materials such as silicon carbide and silicon nitride are used because self-decomposition is performed at a high temperature exceeding 1200 ° C or the temperature is to be as high as possible in order to improve propulsion performance. It is made of composite materials based on them.
- the material of the main decomposition reactor must meet the requirements for oxidation resistance, especially in a hot oxygen atmosphere.
- gaseous nitrous oxide (401) is supplied to the pre-decomposition reactor (1000) and the preheater (200) in the reactor is energized to initiate continuous autolysis in the pre-stage. .. Subsequently, the liquid phase or gaseous nitrous oxide (400) is supplied to the main decomposition reactor (100), and at the same time, the supply of gaseous nitrous oxide to the pre-decomposition reactor is stopped and the reactor is switched. .. It was
- a lattice of a highly heat-resistant material is provided in the decomposition reactor (100) to prevent the heat storage material (500) from moving to the nozzle throat portion (101).
- the decomposition reactor (100) is supplied with nitrous oxide (400) in a liquid or gas-liquid equilibrium state.
- nitrous oxide (400) When supplied in liquid form, the generated enthalpy of latent heat decreases, but on the contrary, the mass flow rate increases due to the high density.
- the flow rate of nitrous oxide supplied is controlled by a solenoid valve or the like according to the pressure in the main decomposition reactor.
- the undecomposed fluid of nitrous oxide at low temperature is constantly supplied, so that it is constantly cooled and self-decomposition is suppressed, so the temperatures are compared.
- the upper flange of the reactor can be made of metal material.
- the generated high-temperature gas is supplied from the pre-decomposition reactor outlet to the heat storage material (500) near the nitrous oxide inlet (102) of this main decomposition reactor via a high-temperature check valve.
- the reactor pressure is very low.
- the inside of the decomposition reactor is filled with nitrous oxide supplied at high pressure and high-pressure combustion gas after decomposition, and can flow back toward the pre-decomposition reactor. To suppress this, a high temperature check valve is installed.
- the present invention it is possible to break away from the catalyst that has impaired practicality, to start the thruster with low power consumption preheating, and to realize a propulsion system and a thruster that eliminates special instrumentation.
- cold gas-based thrusters which have low performance in terms of cost, are often used.
- the specific impulse performance can be improved by almost three times, and the weight of the propellant to be mounted is lightweight. It becomes possible to change. It can accelerate the commercial use of small satellites.
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Abstract
In this propulsion system mounted in a spacecraft, it is necessary to raise the temperature of a reactor in order to improve performance. However, since a catalyst for causing the continuous self-decomposition of a high-energy substance is exposed to a generated high-temperature gas and is damaged, repeated use of such a catalyst has conventionally been restricted. This method in which the continuous self-decomposition of nitrous oxide is caused by a heat storage material without the need for a catalyst is used, and a preliminary decomposition reactor is provided in a front stage, and thus the power needed to initiate the continuous self-decomposition of nitrous oxide is reduced.
Description
本発明は、亜酸化窒素を自己分解させる起動装置とそれを用いた推進システム、およびその方法に関わる。
The present invention relates to an activation device that autolyzes nitrous oxide, a propulsion system using the activation device, and a method thereof.
本発明は、蓄熱材によって自己分解を生じせしめ、触媒を排除する点に特徴があり、予備分解反応器を設けることで、亜酸化窒素の連続的な自己分解を開始させるための電力を低減させ、また予熱ヒーター部位を本分解反応器高温部から隔離することにより該予熱ヒーター機構の耐久性の向上に資する。
The present invention is characterized in that the heat storage material causes self-decomposition and eliminates the catalyst. By providing a pre-decomposition reactor, the power for initiating continuous self-decomposition of nitrous oxide is reduced. Further, by isolating the preheating heater portion from the high temperature portion of the main decomposition reactor, it contributes to the improvement of the durability of the preheating heater mechanism.
The present invention is characterized in that the heat storage material causes self-decomposition and eliminates the catalyst. By providing a pre-decomposition reactor, the power for initiating continuous self-decomposition of nitrous oxide is reduced. Further, by isolating the preheating heater portion from the high temperature portion of the main decomposition reactor, it contributes to the improvement of the durability of the preheating heater mechanism.
亜酸化窒素は、高エネルギー物質であり、自己分解によって、大きなエネルギーが得られて、該自己分解で得られる窒素と酸素の混合ガスを、高い温度まで昇温でき、人工衛星などの宇宙機の推進システムで、推力発生装置（以下スラスタ）として利用が期待されている。
Nitrous oxide is a high-energy substance, and a large amount of energy can be obtained by self-decomposition, and the mixed gas of nitrogen and oxygen obtained by the self-decomposition can be raised to a high temperature. It is expected to be used as a thrust generator (hereinafter referred to as a thruster) in a propulsion system.
亜酸化窒素は、別名笑気ガスと呼ばれる麻酔薬として医療用に用いられており、無毒で安定な物質であり、宇宙機での利用に向けては、有毒な推進剤であるヒドラジン等の代替の推進剤として利用も期待されている。
Nitrous oxide is used for medical purposes as an anesthetic called laughing gas, is a non-toxic and stable substance, and is a substitute for hydrazine, which is a toxic propellant, for use in spacecraft. It is also expected to be used as a propellant for nitrous oxide.
亜酸化窒素は、きわめて安定であることから、逆に特殊な触媒を用いないと、連続的な自己分解を開始、つまりスラスタとして起動できない性質を持っている。またその安定性ゆえに、亜酸化窒素は高い温室効果をもち、社会的にも、その排出に制約が課せられ、適切な処分が要求されている。このため、医療向けの笑気ガスを自己分解させることにより処分する実用化がなされている。低温下での使用ではあるが、亜酸化窒素を連続的に自己分解させる触媒が実際に存在し、産業的に利用が進んでいる。
Since nitrous oxide is extremely stable, it has the property that it cannot start continuous autolysis, that is, it cannot be activated as a thruster unless a special catalyst is used. In addition, because of its stability, nitrous oxide has a high greenhouse effect, and socially, its emission is restricted, and appropriate disposal is required. For this reason, laughing gas for medical use has been put into practical use by self-decomposing and disposing of it. Although it is used at low temperatures, catalysts that continuously autolyze nitrous oxide actually exist and are being used industrially.
しかし、このような亜酸化窒素の有用性に関する認識と触媒の準備がありながらも、宇宙機向けの推進システム、スラスタとしては実用化にいたっていない。それは後述するような課題があるためである。
However, despite the recognition of the usefulness of nitrous oxide and the preparation of catalysts, it has not yet been put into practical use as a propulsion system or thruster for spacecraft. This is because there are problems as described later.
However, despite the recognition of the usefulness of nitrous oxide and the preparation of catalysts, it has not yet been put into practical use as a propulsion system or thruster for spacecraft. This is because there are problems as described later.
最も一般的な触媒を用いて、ヒドラジンや亜酸化窒素などの高エネルギー物質を連続的に自己分解させ、得られた高温ガスを用いて推力を得るスラスタの構成を図１に示した。主たる分解反応器(100)には、推進剤をガスとして排出するノズル部(101)と、液状ないし気体状の該高エネルギー物質(400)を分解反応器に供給するポート(102)が設けられる。該分解反応器内には触媒(300)が置かれる。多くの場合、予熱はヒーター(200)によって行われるが、とくに分解反応温度の高温化をはかる場合は、該ヒーターは燃焼器外に置かれることも多い。また、この場合、予熱ヒーターによる加熱は間接的で、効率は高くない。
Figure 1 shows the configuration of a thruster that continuously self-decomposes high-energy substances such as hydrazine and nitrous oxide using the most common catalyst and obtains thrust using the obtained high-temperature gas. The main decomposition reactor (100) is provided with a nozzle portion (101) for discharging the propellant as a gas and a port (102) for supplying the liquid or gaseous high-energy substance (400) to the decomposition reactor. .. A catalyst (300) is placed in the decomposition reactor. In many cases, preheating is performed by the heater (200), but the heater is often placed outside the combustor, especially when the decomposition reaction temperature is to be raised. Further, in this case, heating by the preheating heater is indirect and the efficiency is not high.
また、触媒はこの分解反応が継続する間、常時、生成される高温ガスにさらされ、とくに亜酸化窒素のように分解ガスに高温の酸素が含まれる場合は、触媒や触媒を担持した担体をも損傷してしまう課題がある。摂氏1000度を超える反応では、数回の運転で触媒が機能しなくなる場合もあり、実用化を大きく阻んできた。
In addition, the catalyst is constantly exposed to the generated high-temperature gas while this decomposition reaction continues, and especially when the decomposition gas contains high-temperature oxygen such as nitrous oxide, a catalyst or a carrier carrying the catalyst is used. Also has the problem of being damaged. In a reaction exceeding 1000 degrees Celsius, the catalyst may not function after several operations, which has greatly hindered its practical application.
この課題は、触媒を排除すると回避できるのだが、逆に連続的に自己分解を開始させるための予熱に大きな電力を要求してしまい、触媒を導入する所期の目的であった予熱電力の低減の効果を失い課題はふりだしに戻ってしまう難点に直面する。
This problem can be avoided by eliminating the catalyst, but on the contrary, a large amount of power is required for preheating to continuously start autolysis, and the reduction of preheating power, which was the intended purpose of introducing the catalyst, is reduced. Face the difficulty of losing the effect of and returning to the beginning.
予熱ヒーターを内蔵して反応器内の触媒を直接に加熱して効率を上げようとしても、自己分解時の温度の上限が該ヒーター材の耐熱温度で制約されてしまうという推進システム、スラスタに根本的な課題を生じる。また、反応器内に予熱ヒーターを配する形態では、計装に耐熱性のある気密コネクタを要する課題も生じる。これらは、予熱ヒーターを分解反応器の外部に設けることで回避できるのだが、予熱に要する消費電力が増加する課題を伴ってしまう。
これら、触媒の排除と低消費電力化、特殊計装の排除を共存させることが課題だった。
Even if you try to increase the efficiency by directly heating the catalyst in the reactor with a built-in preheating heater, the upper limit of the temperature at the time of autolysis is limited by the heat resistant temperature of the heater material, which is fundamental to the thruster. Challenge arises. Further, in the form of arranging the preheating heater in the reactor, there is a problem that an airtight connector having heat resistance is required for the instrumentation. These can be avoided by providing a preheating heater outside the decomposition reactor, but there is a problem that the power consumption required for preheating increases.
The challenge was to eliminate these catalysts, reduce power consumption, and eliminate special instrumentation.
これら、触媒の排除と低消費電力化、特殊計装の排除を共存させることが課題だった。
Even if you try to increase the efficiency by directly heating the catalyst in the reactor with a built-in preheating heater, the upper limit of the temperature at the time of autolysis is limited by the heat resistant temperature of the heater material, which is fundamental to the thruster. Challenge arises. Further, in the form of arranging the preheating heater in the reactor, there is a problem that an airtight connector having heat resistance is required for the instrumentation. These can be avoided by providing a preheating heater outside the decomposition reactor, but there is a problem that the power consumption required for preheating increases.
The challenge was to eliminate these catalysts, reduce power consumption, and eliminate special instrumentation.
本発明のスラスタの構成を図２に掲げた。主分解反応器(100)の他に、予備分解反応器(1000)を設け、両反応器に主たる蓄熱材(500)と予備蓄熱材(501)を装備させる。
The configuration of the thruster of the present invention is shown in FIG. In addition to the main decomposition reactor (100), a preliminary decomposition reactor (1000) is provided, and both reactors are equipped with a main heat storage material (500) and a preliminary heat storage material (501).
予備分解反応器には、予備反応器ポート(103)を通じて、気体状の亜酸化窒素(401)を導き、極めて局所の蓄熱材部分(501)だけを加熱して亜酸化窒素の連続的な自己分解を開始させ、得られた高温ガスを主分解反応器の蓄熱材(500)に導き、該蓄熱材を加熱して、主分解反応器での液状ないし気体状の亜酸化窒素の連続的な自己分解を開始させる。
The pre-reactor is guided through the pre-reactor port (103) to guide gaseous nitrous oxide (401) and heats only the very local heat storage material portion (501) to continuously self-sufficient nitrous oxide. Decomposition is started, the obtained high temperature gas is guided to the heat storage material (500) of the main decomposition reactor, and the heat storage material is heated to continuously generate liquid or gaseous nitrous oxide in the main decomposition reactor. Initiate self-decomposition.
予熱ヒーター(200)は、予備分解反応器内で蓄熱材のさらに上流の亜酸化窒素の冷気流中に置き、予備蓄熱材および主分解反応器から隔離して、高温とならないように配置する。すなわち、予備分解反応器では、該予備蓄熱材にヒーターを接触させず、気体状の亜酸化窒素を、該予熱ヒーターで加熱し、加温された高温気体を該予備蓄熱材に噴射させて、該予備蓄熱材上で自己分解を開始させる。しかるのちに、本分解反応器の直熱材を加熱させる。
The preheating heater (200) is placed in a cold air stream of nitrous oxide further upstream of the heat storage material in the preheating reactor, isolated from the preheating material and the main decomposition reactor, and placed so as not to reach a high temperature. That is, in the pre-decomposition reactor, the gaseous nitrous oxide is heated by the preheating heater without bringing the heater into contact with the preheating material, and the heated high-temperature gas is injected into the preheating material. Self-decomposition is initiated on the preheat storage material. After that, the direct heat material of this decomposition reactor is heated.
The preheating heater (200) is placed in a cold air stream of nitrous oxide further upstream of the heat storage material in the preheating reactor, isolated from the preheating material and the main decomposition reactor, and placed so as not to reach a high temperature. That is, in the pre-decomposition reactor, the gaseous nitrous oxide is heated by the preheating heater without bringing the heater into contact with the preheating material, and the heated high-temperature gas is injected into the preheating material. Self-decomposition is initiated on the preheat storage material. After that, the direct heat material of this decomposition reactor is heated.
この構成の採用により、触媒を排除でき、かつ分解反応を安定化、持続化させることができる。
By adopting this configuration, the catalyst can be eliminated and the decomposition reaction can be stabilized and sustained.
予備分解反応器では、要求される起動温度が触媒使用時よりも高くなるが、昇温させる予備蓄熱材の部位が極めて小さいため、予熱に要する電力を十分に抑制することができる。
In the pre-decomposition reactor, the required start-up temperature is higher than when the catalyst is used, but since the portion of the pre-heat storage material to raise the temperature is extremely small, the electric power required for preheating can be sufficiently suppressed.
予備分解反応器に予備蓄熱材を導入することで、ヒーター自身の熱容量が小さい点やヒーター付近に停留する気体状の亜酸化窒素の滞在時間の短い点を回避でき、安定で連続的な自己分解を開始させることができる。
By introducing a preheat storage material into the pre-decomposition reactor, it is possible to avoid the small heat capacity of the heater itself and the short residence time of gaseous nitrous oxide that stays near the heater, and stable and continuous autolysis. Can be started.
予備分解反応器内で、予熱ヒーターを高温に晒すことが避けられ、亜酸化窒素の連続的な自己分解の開始温度が該ヒーター材料で制約されなくなる。
In the pre-decomposition reactor, exposure of the preheater to high temperatures is avoided and the starting temperature for continuous autolysis of nitrous oxide is no longer constrained by the heater material.
該ヒーター部を、予備蓄熱材や本分解反応器から隔離することで、予熱に必要な電力の増加を抑えることができ、特殊な計装を設ける制約から解放される。また、ヒーターの寿命を確保することができる。
By isolating the heater unit from the preliminary heat storage material and the main decomposition reactor, it is possible to suppress an increase in the electric power required for preheating, and the restriction of providing special instrumentation is released. In addition, the life of the heater can be ensured.
By isolating the heater unit from the preliminary heat storage material and the main decomposition reactor, it is possible to suppress an increase in the electric power required for preheating, and the restriction of providing special instrumentation is released. In addition, the life of the heater can be ensured.
予備分解反応器(1000)の材料は連続的な自己分解開始の下限温度を上回る程度の耐熱性が確保されればよく、たとえばステンレス製であっても構わない。これに対して、主分解反応器では、1200度を超える高温で自己分解を行わせるため、あるいは推進性能を向上させるためにできるだけ高温化させたいため、炭化ケイ素や窒化ケイ素などセラミック系の材料ないしそれらを基礎とする複合材で製作する。該主分解反応器の材料には、とくに高温の酸素雰囲気での耐酸化性の要件を満たす必要がある。
The material of the pre-decomposition reactor (1000) may be made of stainless steel, for example, as long as the heat resistance exceeds the lower limit temperature for the start of continuous autolysis. On the other hand, in the main decomposition reactor, ceramic materials such as silicon carbide and silicon nitride are used because self-decomposition is performed at a high temperature exceeding 1200 ° C or the temperature is to be as high as possible in order to improve propulsion performance. It is made of composite materials based on them. The material of the main decomposition reactor must meet the requirements for oxidation resistance, especially in a hot oxygen atmosphere.
図２を用いて、このスラスタの起動装置の運転方法の例を説明する。最初に、気体の亜酸化窒素(401)を予備分解反応器(1000)に供給し、該反応器内の予熱ヒーター(200)に通電して、予備の段階の連続的な自己分解を開始させる。続いて、主分解反応器(100)に液相ないし気体の亜酸化窒素(400)を供給し、同時に、予備分解反応器への気体の亜酸化窒素の供給を停止して、反応器を切り替える。
An example of the operation method of the activation device of this thruster will be described with reference to FIG. First, gaseous nitrous oxide (401) is supplied to the pre-decomposition reactor (1000) and the preheater (200) in the reactor is energized to initiate continuous autolysis in the pre-stage. .. Subsequently, the liquid phase or gaseous nitrous oxide (400) is supplied to the main decomposition reactor (100), and at the same time, the supply of gaseous nitrous oxide to the pre-decomposition reactor is stopped and the reactor is switched. .. It was
本分解反応器(100)内には、耐熱性の高い材料の格子を設け、蓄熱材(500)がノズルスロート部(101)へ移動することを抑制する。
A lattice of a highly heat-resistant material is provided in the decomposition reactor (100) to prevent the heat storage material (500) from moving to the nozzle throat portion (101).
本分解反応器(100)には、液状ないし気液平衡状態の亜酸化窒素(400)を供給する。液状で供給する場合は、潜熱分の発生エンタルピー低下が生ずるが、逆に密度が高いために質量流量が増える。主分解反応器内の圧力にしたがって、供給する亜酸化窒素の流量を電磁弁等によって制御する。
The decomposition reactor (100) is supplied with nitrous oxide (400) in a liquid or gas-liquid equilibrium state. When supplied in liquid form, the generated enthalpy of latent heat decreases, but on the contrary, the mass flow rate increases due to the high density. The flow rate of nitrous oxide supplied is controlled by a solenoid valve or the like according to the pressure in the main decomposition reactor.
主分解反応器の亜酸化窒素入口孔付近(102)では、低温の亜酸化窒素の未分解流体が常時供給されるため、常時冷却される状態にあり、自己分解は抑えられるため、温度は比較的低く、該反応器の上部フランジは金属材料で製作することが可能である。
In the vicinity of the nitrous oxide inlet hole (102) of the main decomposition reactor, the undecomposed fluid of nitrous oxide at low temperature is constantly supplied, so that it is constantly cooled and self-decomposition is suppressed, so the temperatures are compared. Low temperature, the upper flange of the reactor can be made of metal material.
生成された高温ガスは、予備分解反応器出口から、この主分解反応器の亜酸化窒素入口(102)付近の蓄熱材(500)に向けて、高温逆止弁を介して供給される。予備分解反応器の駆動時は、該反応器圧力はごく低圧である。しかし、主分解反応器が始動すると、該分解反応器内は、高圧で供給される亜酸化窒素や、分解後の高圧の燃焼ガスで満たされ、予備分解反応器にむけて逆流しうるため、これを抑制するために、高温逆止弁を装備する。
The generated high-temperature gas is supplied from the pre-decomposition reactor outlet to the heat storage material (500) near the nitrous oxide inlet (102) of this main decomposition reactor via a high-temperature check valve. When the pre-decomposition reactor is driven, the reactor pressure is very low. However, when the main decomposition reactor is started, the inside of the decomposition reactor is filled with nitrous oxide supplied at high pressure and high-pressure combustion gas after decomposition, and can flow back toward the pre-decomposition reactor. To suppress this, a high temperature check valve is installed.
The generated high-temperature gas is supplied from the pre-decomposition reactor outlet to the heat storage material (500) near the nitrous oxide inlet (102) of this main decomposition reactor via a high-temperature check valve. When the pre-decomposition reactor is driven, the reactor pressure is very low. However, when the main decomposition reactor is started, the inside of the decomposition reactor is filled with nitrous oxide supplied at high pressure and high-pressure combustion gas after decomposition, and can flow back toward the pre-decomposition reactor. To suppress this, a high temperature check valve is installed.
本発明により、実用性を損なっていた触媒から脱却でき、低消費電力の予熱でスラスタの起動が可能となり、特殊な計装を排除した推進システム、スラスタを実現できる。
多くの小型衛星では、経費面で低性能なコールドガス系のスラスタが多用されているが、本発明により、比推力の性能を概ね３倍に向上させることができ、搭載する推進剤質量の軽量化が可能になる。小型衛星の商業利用を加速させることができる。
According to the present invention, it is possible to break away from the catalyst that has impaired practicality, to start the thruster with low power consumption preheating, and to realize a propulsion system and a thruster that eliminates special instrumentation.
In many small satellites, cold gas-based thrusters, which have low performance in terms of cost, are often used. However, according to the present invention, the specific impulse performance can be improved by almost three times, and the weight of the propellant to be mounted is lightweight. It becomes possible to change. It can accelerate the commercial use of small satellites.
多くの小型衛星では、経費面で低性能なコールドガス系のスラスタが多用されているが、本発明により、比推力の性能を概ね３倍に向上させることができ、搭載する推進剤質量の軽量化が可能になる。小型衛星の商業利用を加速させることができる。
According to the present invention, it is possible to break away from the catalyst that has impaired practicality, to start the thruster with low power consumption preheating, and to realize a propulsion system and a thruster that eliminates special instrumentation.
In many small satellites, cold gas-based thrusters, which have low performance in terms of cost, are often used. However, according to the present invention, the specific impulse performance can be improved by almost three times, and the weight of the propellant to be mounted is lightweight. It becomes possible to change. It can accelerate the commercial use of small satellites.
Claims (6)
- 亜酸化窒素を、専らに自己分解させて、高温ガスを生成し、該高温ガスを用いて推力を得る、宇宙機搭載の推進システムであって、
分解反応器が、主分解反応器と予備分解反応器の両方で構成され、両者に蓄熱材を装備させ、
予備分解反応器には、気体状の亜酸化窒素を導き、予熱ヒーターを該予備分解反応器内の蓄熱材の上流の亜酸化窒素の冷気流中に配置し、
該亜酸化窒素を加熱し、該予備分解反応器内の局所の該蓄熱材部分だけを連続的に自己分解が開始する温度以上に加熱して、気体状の亜酸化窒素の連続的な自己分解の反応を開始させ、
得られた高温ガスを主分解反応器内の蓄熱材に導き、該蓄熱材を連続的に自己分解が開始する温度以上に加熱し、
主分解反応器に液状ないし気体状の亜酸化窒素を導き、それを連続的に自己分解させる、
ことを特徴とする、推進システム。 A spacecraft-mounted propulsion system that exclusively self-decomposes nitrous oxide to generate high-temperature gas and obtains thrust using the high-temperature gas.
The decomposition reactor consists of both a main decomposition reactor and a pre-decomposition reactor, both of which are equipped with a heat storage material.
A gaseous nitrous oxide is guided to the pre-decomposition reactor, and a preheating heater is placed in the cold air stream of nitrous oxide upstream of the heat storage material in the pre-decomposition reactor.
The nitrous oxide is heated, and only the local heat storage material portion in the pre-decomposition reactor is heated to a temperature higher than the temperature at which the self-decomposition starts continuously, so that the gaseous nitrous oxide is continuously self-decomposed. To start the reaction of
The obtained high-temperature gas is guided to the heat storage material in the main decomposition reactor, and the heat storage material is continuously heated to a temperature higher than the temperature at which autolysis starts.
Induces liquid or gaseous nitrous oxide to the main decomposition reactor and causes it to be continuously autolyzed.
A propulsion system characterized by that. - 前記分解反応器が３基以上の多段であることを特徴とする、請求項１の推進システム。 The propulsion system according to claim 1, wherein the decomposition reactor has three or more stages.
- 前記分解される物質が、亜酸化窒素以外の高エネルギー物質であることを特徴とする、請求項１ないし２の推進システム。 The propulsion system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the substance to be decomposed is a high-energy substance other than nitrous oxide.
- 前記蓄熱材が多孔質の酸化物あることを特徴とする、請求項１ないし３の推進システム。 The propulsion system according to claim 1 to 3, wherein the heat storage material is a porous oxide.
- 前記主分解反応器の下流に別の燃料を混合させて燃焼させる燃焼器を備えることを特徴とする、請求項１ないし４の推進システム。 The propulsion system according to claim 1 to 4, wherein a combustor for mixing and burning another fuel is provided downstream of the main decomposition reactor.
- 亜酸化窒素を、専らに自己分解させて、高温ガスを生成し、該高温ガスを用いて推力を得る、宇宙機の推進方法であって、
分解反応器が、主分解反応器と予備分解反応器の両方で構成され、両者に蓄熱材を装備させ、
予備分解反応器には、気体状の亜酸化窒素を導き、予熱ヒーターを該予備分解反応器内の蓄熱材の上流の亜酸化窒素の冷気流中に配置し、
該亜酸化窒素を加熱し、該予備分解反応器内の局所の該蓄熱材部分だけを連続的に自己分解が開始する温度以上に加熱して、気体状の亜酸化窒素の連続的な自己分解の反応を開始させ、
得られた高温ガスを主分解反応器内の蓄熱材に導き、該蓄熱材を連続的に自己分解が開始する温度以上に加熱し、
主分解反応器に液状ないし気体状の亜酸化窒素を導き、それを連続的に自己分解させる、
ことを特徴とする、推進方法。
Nitrous oxide is a spacecraft propulsion method that exclusively self-decomposes to generate high-temperature gas and obtains thrust using the high-temperature gas.
The decomposition reactor consists of both a main decomposition reactor and a pre-decomposition reactor, both of which are equipped with a heat storage material.
A gaseous nitrous oxide is guided to the pre-decomposition reactor, and a preheating heater is placed in the cold air stream of nitrous oxide upstream of the heat storage material in the pre-decomposition reactor.
The nitrous oxide is heated, and only the local heat storage material portion in the pre-decomposition reactor is heated to a temperature higher than the temperature at which the self-decomposition starts continuously, so that the gaseous nitrous oxide is continuously self-decomposed. To start the reaction of
The obtained high-temperature gas is guided to the heat storage material in the main decomposition reactor, and the heat storage material is continuously heated to a temperature higher than the temperature at which autolysis starts.
Induces liquid or gaseous nitrous oxide to the main decomposition reactor and causes it to be continuously autolyzed.
A propulsion method characterized by that.
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