WO2021244643A1 - 显示面板及其制备方法、显示装置 - Google Patents

显示面板及其制备方法、显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021244643A1
WO2021244643A1 PCT/CN2021/098401 CN2021098401W WO2021244643A1 WO 2021244643 A1 WO2021244643 A1 WO 2021244643A1 CN 2021098401 W CN2021098401 W CN 2021098401W WO 2021244643 A1 WO2021244643 A1 WO 2021244643A1
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Prior art keywords
length
opening
pixel
sub
light
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PCT/CN2021/098401
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴启晓
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京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Priority to US17/788,960 priority Critical patent/US20230039372A1/en
Publication of WO2021244643A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021244643A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
    • H10K59/35—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels
    • H10K59/353—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels characterised by the geometrical arrangement of the RGB subpixels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
    • H10K50/844—Encapsulations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
    • H10K50/858—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/86—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
    • H10K50/865—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light comprising light absorbing layers, e.g. light-blocking layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
    • H10K59/35—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels
    • H10K59/352—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels the areas of the RGB subpixels being different
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
    • H10K59/1201—Manufacture or treatment

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display panel, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device.
  • LCD liquid crystal display devices
  • ELD inorganic electroluminescent display devices
  • OLED organic electroluminescent display devices
  • LCD liquid crystal display devices
  • ELD inorganic electroluminescent display devices
  • OLED organic electroluminescent display devices
  • LCD liquid crystal display devices
  • FED Field Effection Display
  • a display panel including a substrate, at least two repeating units arranged in an array on the substrate, and a light-shielding layer disposed on a side of the at least two repeating units away from the substrate .
  • a repeating unit includes a plurality of sub-pixels, and the plurality of sub-pixels include a first color sub-pixel and a second color sub-pixel. As the viewing angle increases, the brightness decay speed of the first color sub-pixel is greater than that of the second color sub-pixel.
  • the light-shielding layer includes a plurality of openings, and along the thickness direction of the substrate, one sub-pixel corresponds to one opening, and the openings expose at least of the sub-pixels corresponding to the openings Part; wherein, the plurality of openings include: a first opening corresponding to the first color sub-pixel, a second opening corresponding to the second color sub-pixel, along a first direction, the first The difference between the length of an opening and the length of the exposed portion of the first opening in the first color sub-pixel is greater than the length of the second opening and the second opening in the second color sub-pixel
  • the first direction is the horizontal direction or the vertical direction.
  • the ratio of the first opening length to the first light emitting length is greater than the ratio of the second opening length to the second light emitting length, wherein the first opening length is the first opening along the first direction
  • the first light-emitting length is the length of the exposed portion of the first opening in the first color sub-pixel along the first direction
  • the second opening length is the length along the first direction.
  • the length of the second opening, and the second light-emitting length is the length of the exposed portion of the second opening in the second color sub-pixel along the first direction.
  • the difference between the length of the first opening and the length of the exposed portion of the first opening in the first color sub-pixel is greater than the length of the second opening
  • the difference between the length of the exposed portion of the second opening in the second color sub-pixel; the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
  • the ratio of the third opening length to the third light emitting length is greater than the ratio of the fourth opening length to the fourth light emitting length, wherein the third opening length is the length of the first opening along the second direction.
  • the third light-emitting length is the length of the exposed portion of the first opening in the first color sub-pixel along the second direction
  • the fourth opening length is the length of the first opening along the second direction Two lengths of the opening
  • the fourth light-emitting length is the length of the exposed portion of the second opening in the second color sub-pixel along the second direction.
  • the plurality of sub-pixels further include: a third color sub-pixel; the brightness attenuation speed of the third color sub-pixel is less than the brightness attenuation speed of the first color sub-pixel and greater than the second color The brightness decay speed of the sub-pixel; the plurality of openings further include: a third opening corresponding to the third color sub-pixel; along the first direction, the length of the third opening is the same as the length of the first The difference in the length of the exposed portion of the third opening in the three-color sub-pixel is smaller than the difference between the length of the first opening and the length of the exposed portion of the first opening in the first color sub-pixel , And greater than the difference between the length of the second opening and the length of the exposed portion of the second opening in the second color sub-pixel.
  • the ratio of the fifth opening length to the fifth light emitting length is less than the ratio of the first opening length to the first light emitting length, and is greater than the ratio of the second opening length to the second light emitting length;
  • the first opening length Is the length of the first opening along the first direction, and the first light-emitting length is the length of the exposed portion of the first opening in the first color sub-pixel along the first direction
  • the The second opening length is the length of the second opening along the first direction
  • the second light-emitting length is the length of the exposed portion of the second opening in the second color sub-pixel along the first direction Length
  • the fifth opening length is the length of the third opening along the first direction
  • the fifth light-emitting length is the third opening in the third color sub-pixel along the first direction The length of the exposed part.
  • the third opening length is the length of the first opening along the second direction
  • the third light-emitting length is the length of the exposed portion of the first opening in the first color sub-pixel along the second direction.
  • the fourth opening length is the length of the second opening along the second direction
  • the fourth light-emitting length is the second opening in the second color sub-pixel along the second direction
  • the length of the exposed portion, the sixth opening length is the length of the third opening along the second direction
  • the sixth light-emitting length is the length of the third color sub-pixel along the second direction
  • the length of the exposed portion of the third opening; the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
  • the orthographic projection of a sub-pixel on the substrate is within the orthographic projection of the corresponding opening of the sub-pixel on the substrate.
  • the boundary of the orthographic projection of the opening on the substrate and the boundary of the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate have an annular gap.
  • the sub-pixels have a first edge and a second edge parallel to each other;
  • the annular gap includes: a first sub-gap and a second sub-gap, the first sub-gap is the first edge
  • the second sub-gap is the orthographic projection of the second edge on the substrate
  • the gap with the boundary of the orthographic projection of the opening on the substrate; the width of the first sub-gap and the second sub-gap are equal everywhere.
  • the material of the light-shielding layer is a light-absorbing material, and the light-absorbing material has a thickness D1; 0.1 ⁇ m ⁇ D1 ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ m; or, the material of the light-shielding layer is a metal material, and the metal material has a thickness D2; 10nm ⁇ D2 ⁇ 1000nm.
  • the light shielding layer further includes a transparent pattern; the transparent pattern is filled in the opening.
  • a sub-pixel includes one light-emitting part.
  • the display panel further includes an encapsulation layer, and the light shielding layer is disposed on a side of the encapsulation layer away from the substrate.
  • the encapsulation layer includes a first encapsulation film, a second encapsulation film, and an encapsulation film disposed between the first encapsulation film and the second encapsulation film; the thickness of the encapsulation film is greater than that of the first encapsulation film.
  • the packaging film has a thickness of 6-12 ⁇ m and a refractive index of 1.45-1.65.
  • a display device which is characterized by including the display panel described in any of the above embodiments.
  • a method for manufacturing a display panel which includes: arranging at least two repeating units distributed in an array on a substrate, one repeating unit includes a plurality of sub-pixels, and the plurality of sub-pixels includes a first color sub-pixel and a first color sub-pixel.
  • a light-shielding layer is provided on the side, the light-shielding layer includes a plurality of openings, along the thickness direction of the substrate, one sub-pixel corresponds to one opening, and the opening exposes at least a part of the sub-pixel corresponding to the opening
  • the plurality of openings include: a first opening corresponding to the first color sub-pixel, a second opening corresponding to the second color sub-pixel, and along a first direction, the first The difference between the length of the opening and the length of the exposed portion of the first opening in the first color sub-pixel is greater than the length of the second opening and the second opening in the second color sub-pixel
  • the first direction is a horizontal direction or a vertical direction.
  • the providing a light shielding layer on the side of the at least two repeating units away from the substrate includes: magnetron sputtering on the side of the at least two repeating units away from the substrate Method to form the light-shielding layer.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a display device provided by an embodiment of the disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a region division diagram of a display panel provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of a repeating unit provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a pixel arrangement diagram of a display panel provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a pixel arrangement diagram of another display panel provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a display panel provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of another display panel provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of yet another display panel provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram of a viewing angle of a display panel provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a structural diagram of an opening length and a light emitting length of a display panel provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a structural diagram of an opening length and a light emitting length of another display panel provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a structural diagram of an annular gap provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a structural diagram of another annular gap provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 is a structural diagram of yet another annular gap provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 15 is a structural diagram of yet another display panel provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 16 is a structural diagram of still another display panel provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 17 is a simulation diagram of a brightness decay speed of a light-emitting part provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 19 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a display panel provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 20 is a process flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a display panel provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • plural means two or more.
  • At least one of A, B, and C has the same meaning as “at least one of A, B, or C", and both include the following combinations of A, B, and C: only A, only B, only C, A and B The combination of A and C, the combination of B and C, and the combination of A, B and C.
  • a and/or B includes the following three combinations: A only, B only, and the combination of A and B.
  • the term “if” is optionally interpreted to mean “when” or “when” or “in response to determination” or “in response to detection.”
  • the phrase “if it is determined" or “if [the stated condition or event] is detected” is optionally interpreted to mean “when determining" or “in response to determining" Or “when [stated condition or event] is detected” or “in response to detecting [stated condition or event]”.
  • references such as “about”, “approximately” or “approximately” include the stated value and the average value within the acceptable deviation range of the specified value, where the acceptable deviation range is as common in the art.
  • the technician takes into account the measurement in question and the error associated with the measurement of the specific quantity (ie, the limitations of the measurement system).
  • the descriptions of "parallel”, “perpendicular”, “equal”, etc. include the stated conditions and the conditions similar to the stated conditions, and the range of the similar conditions is within the acceptable deviation range,
  • the acceptable deviation range is determined by a person of ordinary skill in the art in consideration of the measurement in question and the error associated with the measurement of a specific quantity (ie, the limitation of the measurement system).
  • “parallel” includes absolute parallel and approximately parallel, where the acceptable deviation range of approximately parallel can be, for example, within 5°;
  • “vertical” includes absolute vertical and approximately vertical, where the acceptable deviation range of approximately vertical can also be, for example Deviation within 5°.
  • “Equal” includes absolute equality and approximately equal, wherein the difference between the two within the acceptable deviation range of approximately equal, for example, which may be equal, is less than or equal to 5% of either one.
  • the exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross-sectional views and/or plan views as idealized exemplary drawings.
  • the thickness of layers and regions are exaggerated for clarity. Therefore, variations in the shape with respect to the drawings due to, for example, manufacturing technology and/or tolerances can be envisaged. Therefore, the exemplary embodiments should not be construed as being limited to the shapes of the regions shown herein, but include shape deviations due to, for example, manufacturing.
  • the etched area shown as a rectangle will generally have curved features. Therefore, the areas shown in the drawings are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to show the actual shape of the area of the device, and are not intended to limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments.
  • organic light-emitting diodes (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) have been widely used in the field of display technology due to their advantages of self-luminescence, low power consumption, wide color gamut, and flexible display.
  • the display panel using the organic light emitting diode as the light emitting device is an organic electroluminescence display panel
  • the pixel structure of the organic electroluminescence display panel is a stacked structure of an anode, an organic light emitting material, and a cathode. Since the colors of light emitted by the organic light-emitting materials in different sub-pixels are different, different sub-pixels emit light of different colors, and the combination of the light emitted by the sub-pixels of different colors realizes picture display (white light display).
  • the organic light-emitting display panel displays a white picture under front view, and the brightness of different sub-pixels varies with the viewing angle under a large angle of view.
  • the organic light-emitting display panel has a color shift problem under a large viewing angle, which affects the quality of the organic light-emitting device.
  • the display device may be any product or component with a display function, such as a display, a TV, a digital camera, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, an electronic photo frame, and a navigator, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the display device includes a display panel.
  • the display panel may be an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) panel, a QLED (Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes, Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode) panel, an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display, liquid crystal display) panel, and a micro LED. (Including: Mini LED or Micro LED) panel, etc.
  • the specific structure of the display panel will be described by taking the display device including the OLED display panel as an example.
  • the main structure of the display device includes a frame 1, a cover plate 2, a display panel 3, a circuit board 4 and other accessories.
  • the display panel 3 may be a flexible display panel or a rigid display panel.
  • the display device is a flexible display device.
  • the longitudinal section of the frame 1 is U-shaped, the display panel 3, the circuit board 4, and other accessories are all arranged in the frame 1, and the circuit board 4 is placed under the display panel 3 (that is, the back, away from the display surface of the display panel 3).
  • the cover plate 2 is arranged on the side of the display panel 3 away from the circuit board 4.
  • the circuit board 4 is electrically connected to the display panel 3.
  • the circuit board 4 generally includes a flexible printed circuit board (Flexble Printed Circuit, FPC for short), a driver chip (Integrated Circuit, IC for short), and a printed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board). , PCB for short), connecting substrate, etc.; the function of the circuit board 4 is to provide various display screen information to the display panel 3 after power on.
  • the display panel 3 is divided into a display area A1 (Active Area, AA area for short) and a peripheral area A2 located on at least one side of the display area A1.
  • FIG. 2 takes the display area A1 surrounded by the peripheral area A2 as an example. Signal.
  • the display area A1 includes a plurality of sub-pixels P.
  • the peripheral area A2 is used for wiring.
  • the gate driving circuit may also be provided in the peripheral area A2.
  • the contour of the sub-pixel is determined by the opening on the black matrix; when the display panel is an OLED display panel, QLED display panel or micro LED, the contour of the sub-pixel is determined by the light-emitting area.
  • the display panel 3 includes a substrate 30, and at least two (for example, multiple) repeating units arranged in an array on the substrate 30 300. 4 and 5, a repeating unit 300 includes multiple (for example, three or five) sub-pixels P, and the multiple sub-pixels P include a first color sub-pixel P1 and a second color sub-pixel P2, as the viewing angle increases, the brightness decay speed of the first color sub-pixel P1 is greater than the brightness decay speed of the second color sub-pixel P2.
  • the display panel 3 also includes a light-shielding layer 31 disposed on the side of the at least two repeating units 300 away from the substrate 30.
  • the light-shielding layer 31 includes a plurality of openings 310. Along the thickness direction of the substrate 30, one sub-pixel 3001 corresponds to one The openings 310, each opening 310 exposes at least a part of the sub-pixel P corresponding to the opening 310.
  • the plurality of openings 310 include: a first opening 3101 corresponding to the first color sub-pixel P1, a second opening 3102 corresponding to the second color sub-pixel P2, and along the first direction, the first opening 3101
  • the difference between the length and the length of the exposed portion of the first opening 3101 in the first color sub-pixel P1 is greater than the difference between the length of the second opening 3102 and the length of the exposed portion of the second opening 3102 in the second color sub-pixel P2,
  • the first direction is the horizontal direction or the vertical direction.
  • the display panel 3 is a flexible display panel.
  • the substrate 30 is a flexible substrate; the flexible substrate may be, for example, PI (Polyimide, polyimide). , PET (Polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate) or other suitable materials, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the display panel 3 is a rigid display panel.
  • the substrate 30 is a rigid substrate, for example, a glass substrate.
  • the display panel 3 has many different types of sub-pixel arrangements, and the repeating unit 300 in the embodiment of the present disclosure is the smallest repeating set composed of sub-pixels.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit the specific arrangement of the sub-pixels in the repeating unit 300.
  • the sub-pixel arrangement is SRGB (also referred to as standard RGB arrangement), and the smallest repetitive set of sub-pixels includes three sub-pixels P.
  • each repeating unit 300 also includes three sub-pixels P at this time.
  • the three sub-pixels P emit three different colors of light.
  • the sub-pixel arrangement is Diamond arrangement (also called Pentile arrangement).
  • two adjacent pixels share one sub-pixel P (that is, the light-emitting portion), and the shared sub-pixel P It may be a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, or a blue sub-pixel.
  • FIG. 5 takes the example of two adjacent pixels P sharing a first color sub-pixel P1 as an example.
  • the smallest repetitive set of sub-pixels includes five sub-pixels P, then each repeating unit 300 also includes five sub-pixels P at this time.
  • the display panel 3 further includes a first electrode 33 and a second electrode 34 disposed on opposite sides of the repeating unit 300.
  • the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 34 are used to form An electric field that drives the repeating unit 300 to emit light.
  • the display panel 3 further includes a pixel defining layer 35 disposed on the substrate 30 and located between the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 34; the pixel defining layer 35 includes a plurality of opening regions, one opening region exposing one first electrode 33 .
  • the display panel 3 further includes a plurality of driving circuits arranged between the substrate 30 and the first electrode 33, and one driving circuit is electrically connected to one first electrode 33.
  • the driving circuit includes a plurality of thin film transistors 100, and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor 100 serving as the driving transistor among the plurality of thin film transistors 100 is electrically connected to the first electrode 33.
  • the display panel 3 further includes a flat layer 36 disposed on the side of the driving circuit away from the substrate 30.
  • each sub-pixel P may include a light-emitting part 3001, which emits light of different colors under the action of the electric field formed by the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 34, and a plurality of sub-pixels
  • the plurality of light-emitting parts 3001 included in P may also be referred to as a light-emitting layer.
  • the light-emitting part 3001 can be divided into a first-color light-emitting part 3001a, a second-color light-emitting part 3001b, and a third-color light-emitting part 3001c.
  • Each first-color light-emitting part 3001a is arranged in a first-color sub-pixel P1.
  • Each second-color light-emitting part 3001b is disposed in a second-color sub-pixel P2
  • each second-color light-emitting part 3001c is disposed in a third-color sub-pixel P3.
  • the first electrode 33 is a cathode and the second electrode 34 is an anode. In other embodiments, the first electrode 33 is an anode, and the second electrode 34 is a cathode, which is not too limited.
  • the display panel 3 further includes an electron transport layer (election transporting layer, ETL for short), an electron injection layer (election injection layer, EIL for short), a hole transporting layer (HTL for short), and holes One or more layers in the hole injection layer (HIL).
  • ETL electron transport layer
  • EIL electron injection layer
  • HTL hole transporting layer
  • HIL hole injection layer
  • the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer are provided between the first electrode 33 and the light emitting part 3001, and the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer are provided on the second electrode. Between the two electrodes 34 and the light-emitting part 3001.
  • the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer are provided between the second electrode 34 and the light-emitting portion 3001, and the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer are provided on the second electrode. Between an electrode 33 and the light emitting part 3001.
  • the shape of the opening 310 is not limited, as long as the sub-pixel P can be exposed. Specifically, the opening 310 may completely expose the sub-pixel P, or only a part of the sub-pixel P may be exposed. Exemplarily, the shape of the opening 310 may be a circle, a rectangle, a hexagon, an octagon, or other suitable shapes; or, the shape of the opening 310 may also be an irregular shape.
  • the length of the sub-pixel P is defined as the shortest distance between any two points on the edge of the sub-pixel P along the first direction, that is, the distance between any two points on the edge of the light-emitting portion 3001 in the sub-pixel P along the first direction.
  • the length of the opening 310 is defined as the shortest distance between any two points on the edge of the opening 310 in the first direction.
  • the orthographic projection of the light-emitting portion 3001 on the substrate 30 when the orthographic projection of the light-emitting portion 3001 on the substrate 30 is within the orthographic projection of the first electrode 33 on the substrate 30, and the orthographic projection of the light-emitting portion 3001 on the substrate 30 is When the area is smaller than the area of the orthographic projection of the first electrode 33 on the substrate 30, the shortest distance between any two points on the edge of the light-emitting portion 3001 in the first direction is the length L1 of the sub-pixel P.
  • the orthographic projection of the first electrode 33 on the substrate 30 when the orthographic projection of the first electrode 33 on the substrate 30 is within the orthographic projection of the light-emitting portion 3001 on the substrate 30, and the area of the orthographic projection of the first electrode 33 on the substrate 30 is smaller than that of the light-emitting portion.
  • the shortest distance between any two points along the edge of the first electrode 33 in the first direction is the length L1 of the sub-pixel P.
  • the viewing angle refers to the angle between the line of sight and the plane of the vertical screen when the user's eyes can just see a picture with a contrast of 10 or more.
  • Fig. 9 takes a visual angle of 80° as an example for illustration.
  • the viewing angle includes a horizontal viewing angle X and a vertical viewing angle Y.
  • the horizontal viewing angle X is the viewing angle in the horizontal direction
  • the vertical viewing angle Y is the viewing angle in the vertical direction. Therefore, the first direction in the embodiment of the present disclosure It is the direction of the horizontal viewing angle X (horizontal direction) or the direction of the vertical viewing angle Y (vertical direction).
  • the first color and the second color are not limited.
  • the first color and the second color may be one of red, green, and blue.
  • the brightness decay rate of the green sub-pixel is greater than the brightness decay rate of the blue sub-pixel, and is smaller than the brightness decay rate of the red sub-pixel.
  • the brightness decay speed of the first color sub-pixel P1 is greater than the brightness decay speed of the second color sub-pixel P2.
  • the first color sub-pixel P1 is a red sub-pixel
  • the second color sub-pixel P2 is a blue sub-pixel.
  • the first color sub-pixel P1 is a green sub-pixel
  • the second color sub-pixel P2 is a blue sub-pixel.
  • the first color sub-pixel P1 is a red sub-pixel
  • the second color sub-pixel P2 is a green sub-pixel.
  • the material of the light shielding layer 31 is not limited.
  • the material of the light-shielding layer 31 is a light-absorbing material.
  • the light-absorbing material refers to a material whose absorption rate of visible light is greater than or equal to 80%.
  • the light-absorbing material may be, for example, a black light-absorbing material. Material; or, the black light-absorbing material can be the same as the material of the black matrix (Black Matrix, BM for short).
  • the material of the light shielding layer 31 is a metal material.
  • the metal material refers to the internal structure that can reflect the light emitted by the sub-pixel P to the internal structure of the display panel 3, so that it does not go out from the light-emitting side of the display panel 3.
  • the metal material can, for example, It is gold (Au), platinum (Pt), aluminum (Al), etc., or metal compounds and other suitable materials, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the light absorbing material has a thickness D1, 0.1 ⁇ m ⁇ D1 ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • the metal material has a thickness D2, and 10 nm ⁇ D2 ⁇ 1000 nm.
  • the thickness D1 of the light-absorbing material is 0.8 ⁇ m; the thickness D2 of the metal material is 100 nm.
  • the opening length of the opening 310 corresponding to the sub-pixel P of the color is increased accordingly, so that more light The light exits from the opening 310, thereby increasing the brightness of the color emitted by the sub-pixel P.
  • the brightness decay speed of a certain color sub-pixel P is slower, the brightness of the color of the light emitted by the sub-pixel P is brighter; on this basis, the corresponding opening of the sub-pixel P of the color is reduced accordingly
  • the length of the opening of the portion 310 allows more light to be absorbed or reflected by the light shielding layer 31, thereby reducing the brightness of the color emitted by the sub-pixel P.
  • the display panel 3 of the embodiment of the present disclosure includes at least two repeating units, one repeating unit 300 includes a plurality of sub-pixels P, and the plurality of sub-pixels P include the first color sub-pixel P1 and the second color sub-pixel P2; the display panel 3 It includes a light-shielding layer 31 disposed on a side of at least two repeating units 300 away from the substrate 30.
  • the light-shielding layer 31 includes a plurality of openings 310, and the plurality of openings 310 include: a first opening corresponding to the first color sub-pixel P1 3101, the second opening 3102 corresponding to the second color sub-pixel P2, that is, the first opening 3101 exposes the first color sub-pixel P1, and the second opening 3102 exposes the second color sub-pixel P2.
  • the brightness decay rate of the first color sub-pixel P1 is greater than that of the second color sub-pixel P2. Therefore, under the same viewing angle, the light-emitting brightness of the first color sub-pixel P1 is less than that of the second color sub-pixel P2.
  • the first color sub-pixel P2 The light emitted by the pixel P1 is more emitted from the first opening 3101, while the light emitted by the second color sub-pixel P2 is less emitted from the second opening 3102, which can make the brightness attenuation speed of the first color sub-pixel P1 equal to
  • the brightness attenuation speed of the second color sub-pixel P2 is similar, that is, under a large viewing angle in the first direction, the brightness of the light emitted by the first color sub-pixel P1 is close to the brightness of the light emitted by the second color sub-pixel P2, Thereby, the problem of color shift under large viewing angles can be improved.
  • the ratio of the first opening length K1 to the first light emitting length F1 is greater than the ratio of the second opening length K2 to the second light emitting length F2.
  • the first opening length K1 is the length of the first opening 3101 along the first direction
  • the first light-emitting length F1 is the length of the exposed portion of the first opening 3101 in the first color sub-pixel P1 along the first direction
  • the second opening The length K2 is the length of the second opening 3102 along the first direction
  • the second light-emitting length F2 is the length of the exposed portion of the second opening 3102 in the second color sub-pixel P2 along the first direction.
  • the area of the opening that can emit light needs to be as large as possible, and the length of the opening needs to be positively correlated with the light-emitting length. Much is exposed from the opening.
  • the ratio of the first opening length K1 to the first light-emitting length F1 should be set equal to the ratio of the second opening length K2 to the second light-emitting length F2.
  • the first opening length K1 should be increased under the premise that the ratio of the first opening length K1 to the first luminous length F1 is equal to the ratio of the second opening length K2 to the second luminous length F2, and / Or reduce the second opening length K2, thereby reducing the brightness decay speed of the first color sub-pixel P1, and/or increase the brightness decay speed of the second color sub-pixel P2, so that the The brightness of the light emitted by the first color sub-pixel P1 is close to the brightness of the light emitted by the second color sub-pixel P2, thereby improving the problem of color shift under large viewing angles.
  • the first light-emitting length F1 of the first color sub-pixel P1 is equal to the second light-emitting length F2 of the second color sub-pixel P2, and the first opening length K1 is greater than the second opening length K2,
  • the ratio of the first opening length K1 to the first light emitting length F1 is greater than the ratio of the second opening length K2 to the second light emitting length F2.
  • the first opening length K1 is greater than the second opening length K2.
  • the first light-emitting length F1 of the first color sub-pixel P1 is smaller than the second light-emitting length F2 of the second color sub-pixel P2.
  • the first opening length K1 is the same as the first light-emitting length.
  • the ratio of the length F1 is greater than the ratio of the second opening length K2 to the second luminous length F2.
  • the first opening length K1 and the second opening length K2 are not specifically limited, as long as the corresponding ratio meets the above restriction conditions.
  • the first direction is the direction of the horizontal viewing angle X (horizontal direction)
  • the second direction is the direction of the vertical viewing angle Y (vertical direction).
  • the difference between the length of the first opening 3101 and the length of the exposed portion of the first opening 3101 in the first color sub-pixel P1 is greater than the length of the second opening 3102 and the second in the second color sub-pixel P2.
  • the difference in the length of the exposed portion of the opening 3102. Specifically, referring to FIGS. 10 and 11, in the Y direction, the ratio of the third opening length K3 to the third light-emitting length F3 is greater than the ratio of the fourth opening length K4 to the fourth light-emitting length F4.
  • the third opening length K3 is the length of the first opening 3101 along the second direction
  • the third light-emitting length F3 is the length of the exposed portion of the first opening 3101 in the first color sub-pixel P1 along the second direction
  • the fourth opening The length K4 is the length of the second opening 3102 along the second direction
  • the fourth light-emitting length F4 is the length of the exposed portion of the second opening 3102 in the second color sub-pixel P2 along the second direction.
  • the plurality of sub-pixels P further include a third sub-pixel P3, and the brightness attenuation speed of the third sub-pixel P3 is less than the brightness attenuation speed of the first color sub-pixel P1, and is greater than that of the first color sub-pixel P1.
  • the plurality of openings 310 further include a third opening 3103 corresponding to the third color sub-pixel P3.
  • the length of the third opening 3103 is equal to the first
  • the difference in the length of the exposed portion of the third opening 3103 in the three-color sub-pixel P3 is smaller than the difference between the length of the first opening 3101 and the length of the exposed portion of the first opening 3101 in the first color sub-pixel P1, and is greater than the first The difference between the length of the two openings 3102 and the length of the exposed portion of the second opening 3102 in the second color sub-pixel P2.
  • each opening 310 also includes a third opening 3103 corresponding to the third color sub-pixel P3. The difference between the length of the third opening 3103 and the length of the third color sub-pixel P3 is less than the length of the first opening 3101 and the first opening 3101.
  • the difference in the length of the one-color sub-pixel P1 is greater than the difference between the length of the second opening 3102 and the length of the second-color sub-pixel P2, so that the brightness attenuation speed of the first-color sub-pixel P1 and the second-color
  • the attenuation speed of the sub-pixel P2 and the attenuation speed of the third-color sub-pixel P3 are similar. Therefore, under a large viewing angle, the brightness of the light emitted by the first-color sub-pixel P1, the brightness of the light emitted by the second-color sub-pixel P2 and the The brightness of the light emitted by the three-color sub-pixels P3 is similar, so that the problem of color shift under large viewing angles can be improved.
  • the ratio of the fifth opening length K5 to the fifth light emitting length F5 is less than the ratio of the first opening length K1 to the first light emitting length F1, and is greater than the second opening length K2 and the second light emitting length.
  • the fifth opening length K5 is the length of the third opening 3103 along the first direction
  • the fifth light-emitting length F5 is the length of the exposed portion of the third opening 3103 in the third color sub-pixel P3 along the first direction.
  • the above setting is performed when the display panel also has a third color sub-pixel P3
  • the brightness attenuation speed of the different color sub-pixels can be increased or decreased accordingly, so that the brightness of the light emitted by the first color sub-pixel P1, the second color sub-pixel P2, and the third color sub-pixel P3 under a large viewing angle in the first direction They are close to each other to improve the color cast problem under large viewing angles.
  • the difference between the length of the third opening 3103 and the length of the third color sub-pixel P3 is smaller than the length of the first opening 3101 and the length of the first color sub-pixel P1
  • the ratio of the sixth opening length K6 to the sixth light emitting length F6 is less than the ratio of the third opening length K3 to the third light emitting length F3, and is greater than the fourth opening length K4 and the fourth light emitting length.
  • the sixth opening length K6 is the length of the third opening 3103 along the second direction
  • the sixth light-emitting length F6 is the length of the exposed portion of the third opening 3103 in the third color sub-pixel P3 along the second direction.
  • the first direction is a horizontal direction
  • the second direction is a vertical direction
  • the first direction is the horizontal direction
  • the second direction is the vertical direction as examples for illustration.
  • the attenuation speed of the brightness of the first color sub-pixel P1, the attenuation speed of the second color sub-pixel P2, and the attenuation speed of the third color sub-pixel P3 can be made comparable.
  • the brightness of the image is similar, that is, the brightness of the screen seen by the user under the horizontal viewing angle is similar, and the brightness of the screen seen under the vertical viewing angle is similar, which can further improve the color shift problem under the large viewing angle.
  • the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel P on the substrate 30 is within the orthographic projection of the opening corresponding to the sub-pixel P on the substrate 30.
  • the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel P on the substrate 30 and the orthographic projection of the opening 310 on the substrate 30 are completely covered by the opening 310, that is, the sub-pixel P is completely exposed by the opening 310, which enables more light to pass from The opening 310 emits light, and a brighter and clearer display image can be obtained without increasing the energy consumption of the display panel, thereby improving the display effect of the display panel.
  • the boundary of the orthographic projection of the opening 310 on the substrate 30 and the boundary of the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel P on the substrate 30 have an annular gap H. That is, the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel P on the substrate 30 is located within the orthographic projection of the opening 310 on the substrate 30, and the boundary between the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel P on the substrate 30 and the sub-pixel P on the substrate 30 The boundaries of the orthographic projection are not coincident, and there is a gap between the two boundaries.
  • the size of the opening 310 is made larger than the size of the corresponding sub-pixel P, so that more light can be emitted from the opening 310 without increasing Energy consumption can get a better display effect.
  • the sub-pixel P has a first edge B1 and a second edge B2 parallel to each other.
  • the annular gap H includes a first sub-gap H1 and a second sub-gap H2, and the first sub-gap H1 is a first edge.
  • the gap between the boundary between the orthographic projection of B1 on the substrate 30 and the orthographic projection of the opening 310 on the substrate 30, and the second sub-gap H2 is the orthographic projection of the second edge B2 on the substrate 30 and the opening 310
  • the widths of the first sub-gap H1 and the second sub-gap H2 are equal everywhere. For example, referring to FIG.
  • the shapes of the sub-pixels P and the openings 310 are rectangular, and the sub-pixels P and the openings 310 are arranged in an array and correspond to each other in a one-to-one manner.
  • the sub-pixels P1 of the first color are parallel to each other in the first direction.
  • the edges are respectively the first edge B1 and the second edge B2 as an example.
  • the gap between the boundary of the orthographic projection of the opening 310 on the substrate 30 and the orthographic projection of the first edge B1 on the substrate 30 is the first sub-gap H1
  • the gap between the boundary of the orthographic projection of the opening 310 on the substrate 30 and the orthographic projection of the second edge B2 on the substrate 30 is the second sub-gap H2
  • the width is equal everywhere.
  • the shapes of the sub-pixels P and the openings 310 are rectangles and polygons, and the sub-pixels P and the openings 310 are arranged in an array and correspond to each other in a one-to-one relationship.
  • the parallel edges are respectively the first edge B1 and the second edge B2 as an example.
  • the gap between the boundary of the orthographic projection of the opening 310 on the substrate 30 and the orthographic projection of the first edge B1 on the substrate 30 is the first Sub-gap H1
  • the gap between the boundary of the orthographic projection of the opening 310 on the substrate 30 and the orthographic projection of the second edge B2 on the substrate 30 is the second sub-gap H2
  • the width of the gap H2 is equal everywhere. For another example, referring to FIG.
  • the shapes of the sub-pixels P and the openings 310 are rectangles and polygons, and the sub-pixels P and the openings 310 are in one-to-one correspondence but are not arranged in an array.
  • the sub-pixels P1 of the first color are arranged in the first direction.
  • the mutually parallel edges are respectively the first edge B1 and the second edge B2 as an example.
  • the gap between the boundary of the orthographic projection of the opening 310 on the substrate 30 and the orthographic projection of the first edge B1 on the substrate 30 is the first A sub-gap H1
  • the gap between the boundary of the orthographic projection of the opening 310 on the substrate 30 and the orthographic projection of the second edge B2 on the substrate 30 is the second sub-gap H2
  • the width of the sub-gap H2 is equal everywhere.
  • the widths of the first sub-gap H1 are equal everywhere, the widths of the second sub-gap H2 are equal everywhere, and the widths of the first sub-gap H1 and the second sub-gap H2 are equal, that is, the first sub-pixel P of the same color.
  • the widths of the one sub-gap H1 and the second sub-gap H2 are the same everywhere.
  • the relative sizes of the widths of the first sub-gap H1 and the second sub-gap H2 of the different color sub-pixels P are not limited, and the brightness attenuation speed can be balanced, that is, the first-color sub-pixel P1 and the second-color sub-pixel can be
  • the brightness decay speeds of P2 and the third color sub-pixel P3 are similar.
  • the first sub-gap of the sub-pixels P of the same color in the first direction The widths of H1 and the second sub-gap H2 and the widths of the first sub-gap H1 and the second sub-gap H2 of the color sub-pixel P in the second direction may be equal or unequal, and there is no limitation on this, and the same applies
  • the brightness decay rate can be balanced, that is, the brightness decay rate of the sub-pixels P of the same color in the first direction and the second direction is close, that is, the brightness decay rate of the display panel in the first direction and the second direction It is close, so that when the viewing angle is switched from the first direction to the second direction, the color shift difference of the display panel is small, and the display panel has better color uniformity in different directions.
  • the first opening 3101 is used to balance the brightness of the first color sub-pixel P1 at the same rate of attenuation
  • the second opening 3102 is used to balance the second color sub-pixel
  • the attenuation speed of the brightness of P2 is the same
  • the third opening 3103 is used to balance the attenuation speed of the brightness of the third color sub-pixel P3.
  • the brightness of the light emitted by the first color sub-pixel P1 The same, the brightness of the light emitted by the second color sub-pixel P2 is the same, and the brightness of the light emitted by the third color sub-pixel P3 is the same, so that at each position in the horizontal direction, the brightness of the light emitted by the first color sub-pixel P1 is
  • the brightness of the light emitted by the second color sub-pixel P2 is similar to the brightness of the light emitted by the third color sub-pixel P3, so that the brightness of the picture seen by the user at each position of the horizontal viewing angle is similar.
  • the viewing angle is 0°
  • the first opening 3101 is used to balance the brightness of the first color sub-pixel P1 at the same rate of attenuation
  • the second opening 3102 is used to balance the second color sub-pixel P2
  • the attenuation speed of the brightness of the third opening 3103 is the same, and the attenuation speed of the third opening 3103 is used to balance the brightness of the third color sub-pixel P3.
  • the brightness of the light emitted by the first color sub-pixel P1 The same, the brightness of the light emitted by the second color sub-pixel P2 is the same, and the brightness of the light emitted by the third color sub-pixel P3 is the same, so that at each position in the vertical direction, the brightness of the light emitted by the first color sub-pixel P1 , The brightness of the light emitted by the second color sub-pixel P2 and the brightness of the light emitted by the third color sub-pixel P3 are similar, so that the brightness of the picture seen by the user at each position of the vertical viewing angle is similar.
  • the first sub-gap H1 and the second sub-gap H2 of the same color sub-pixel P in the first direction and the second direction are equal, in the same way, not only at each position in the horizontal direction.
  • the brightness of the light emitted by the one-color sub-pixel P1, the brightness of the light emitted by the second-color sub-pixel P2, and the brightness of the light emitted by the third-color sub-pixel P3 are all close, so that what the user can see at various positions of the horizontal viewing angle
  • the brightness of the picture is similar; and at each position in the vertical direction, the brightness of the light emitted by the first color sub-pixel P1, the brightness of the light emitted by the second color sub-pixel P2 and the light emitted by the third color sub-pixel P3
  • the brightness is similar, so that the brightness of the picture seen by the user at each position of the vertical viewing angle is similar, so the problem of color shift under large viewing angle can be better improved.
  • the display panel 3 further includes an encapsulation layer 37, and the light shielding layer 31 is disposed on a side of the encapsulation layer 37 away from the substrate 30.
  • the packaging layer 37 may be a packaging substrate; it may also be a packaging film.
  • the number of encapsulation films included in the encapsulation layer 37 is not limited.
  • the encapsulation layer 37 may include one encapsulation film, or the encapsulation layer 37 may include two stacked layers or More than two layers of packaging film.
  • the encapsulation layer 37 includes three layers of encapsulation films stacked in sequence.
  • the three layers of encapsulation films are a first encapsulation film 371, a second encapsulation film 372, and a first encapsulation film 372.
  • the material of the third encapsulation film 373 is an organic material
  • the material of the thin film 372 is an inorganic material.
  • the organic material is not limited, and the organic material may be, for example, PMM (Polymethyl methrylte, polymethyl methacrylate).
  • the inorganic material is not limited.
  • the inorganic material may be one or more of SiNx (silicon nitride), SiOx (silicon oxide), or SiOxNy (silicon oxynitride).
  • the third packaging film 373 can be produced by using an inkjet printing process (Ink Jet Printer, IJP for short).
  • the first encapsulation film 371 and the second encapsulation film 372 can be respectively fabricated by using a chemical vapor deposition method (hemil Vpor Deposition, VD for short).
  • the encapsulation layer 37 includes a first encapsulation film 371, a second encapsulation film 372, and a third encapsulation film 373 disposed between the first encapsulation film 371 and the second encapsulation film 372.
  • the material is an organic material, and the toughness of the organic material is better, which is beneficial for the display device to realize a curved display. Since the materials of the first encapsulation film 371 and the second encapsulation film 372 are inorganic materials, on the one hand, it can isolate the water and oxygen in the outside air; on the other hand, it can protect the third encapsulation film 373 and prevent the third encapsulation film 373 from being Scratch damage.
  • the thickness of the third packaging film 373 is greater than the thicknesses of the first packaging film 371 and the second packaging film 372.
  • the thickness of the packaging layer 37 of the third packaging film 373 may range from 6 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the first packaging film 371 may range from 1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the second packaging film 372 may range from 0.5 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m. Since the thickness of the third packaging film 373 is much larger than the thickness of the first packaging film 371 and the second packaging film 372, the thickness of the packaging layer 37 is mainly determined by the thickness of the third packaging film 373.
  • the thickness of the encapsulation layer 37 should be reduced as much as possible under the condition of ensuring the encapsulation effect and the achievable process level, so as to reduce the energy consumption of the display panel.
  • the thickness of the packaging layer 37 of the third packaging film 373 may be, for example, 6 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the first packaging film 371 is 1 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the second packaging film 372 is 0.7 ⁇ m.
  • the refractive indexes of the first encapsulation film 371, the second encapsulation film 372, and the third encapsulation film 373 may be different.
  • the refractive index of the first packaging film 371 is in the range of 1.5 to 1.8
  • the refractive index of the second packaging film 372 is in the range of 1.8 to 2
  • the refractive index of the third packaging film 373 is in the range of 1.45 to 1.65.
  • the refractive index of the first packaging film 371 is 1.78
  • the refractive index of the second packaging film 372 is 1.9
  • the refractive index of the third packaging film 373 is 1.65.
  • the light rays passing through the encapsulation layer 37 will be refracted, that is, the orthographic projections of the incident point of the light incident on the encapsulation layer 37 and the exit point of the encapsulation layer 37 on the substrate 30 do not overlap, and the incident point and the exit point are not overlapped.
  • the distance between the orthographic projections of the points on the substrate 30 is called the refractive displacement.
  • the refractive displacement generated in the first encapsulation film 371 and the second encapsulation film 372 is negligible, and the light passes through the encapsulation layer 37.
  • the refraction displacement of is mainly determined by the refractive index of the third packaging film 373. The greater the refractive index of the third encapsulation film 373, the smaller the refraction displacement of light passing through the encapsulation layer 37, which can prevent the exit point of the light from irradiating the area where the light shielding layer 31 is located, so that the exit point of the light passing through the encapsulation layer 37 is shorter. Much more are distributed in the opening 310, thereby having a higher light output brightness without increasing energy consumption, and improving the display effect of the display panel.
  • the encapsulation layer 37 has a certain thickness, and the thickness of the encapsulation layer 37 affects the refraction displacement of the light emitted by the sub-pixel P from the opening 310, when the refractive index is constant, the greater the thickness, the greater the refraction The greater the displacement, the more light will be absorbed by the light-shielding layer 31, so that the brightness of the light emitted by the first color sub-pixel P1, the brightness of the light emitted by the second color sub-pixel P2, and the light emitted by the third color sub-pixel P3 The brightness of the light is reduced.
  • a material of the encapsulation layer 37 with a larger refractive index can be selected, and/or the thickness of the encapsulation layer 37 can be reduced, and at the same time Increase the length of the first opening 3101, the second opening 3102, and the third opening 3103 in the above embodiment, that is, increase the opening ratio of the first opening 3101, the second opening 3102, and the third opening 3103 to The problem that the brightness of the light emitted by the sub-pixel P is weakened due to the increase in the refractive displacement through the encapsulation layer 37 is made up.
  • the light shielding layer 31 further includes a transparent pattern 311, and the transparent pattern is filled in the opening 310.
  • the light-shielding layer 31 of the embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a transparent pattern 311, which is filled in the opening 310, the light-shielding layer 31 can be made flat, and thus the display panel 3 can be flattened.
  • the brightness attenuation curves of the red sub-pixel (curve c), green sub-pixel (curve b), and blue sub-pixel (curve a) can be clearly seen from Figure 17 , As the viewing angle increases, the brightness attenuation speeds of the red sub-pixels, green sub-pixels, and blue sub-pixels are inconsistent.
  • the curve (curve b) of the brightness decay rate of the green sub-pixel with increasing viewing angle is the same as that of the green sub-pixel when the display panel 3 includes the light-shielding layer 31.
  • the curve (d, e, f, g) of the brightness decay rate with increasing viewing angle has changed significantly.
  • the curve d in FIG. 17 indicates that the light-shielding layer 31 is a light-absorbing material, the length of the sub-pixel P is 80 ⁇ m and the length of the opening 310 is 90 ⁇ m, the curve of the brightness decay rate of the green sub-pixel; curve e When the material of the light-shielding layer 31 is a metal material, the length of the sub-pixel P is 80 ⁇ m and the length of the opening 310 is 90 ⁇ m, the curve of the brightness decay rate of the green sub-pixel; the curve f shows that the material of the light-shielding layer 31 is a metal material, When the length of the pixel P is 80 ⁇ m and the length of the opening 310 is 80 ⁇ m, the curve of the brightness decay speed of the green sub-pixel; curve g indicates that the material of the light shielding layer 31 is a light-absorbing material, the length of the sub-pixel P is 80 ⁇ m and the opening 310 is When the length is 80 ⁇ m, the curve of
  • the material of the light-shielding layer 31 is a metal material or a light-absorbing material
  • the length of the opening 310 of the light-shielding layer 31 corresponding to the green sub-pixel can be changed; accordingly;
  • the decay speed of the brightness of the color sub-pixels is similar, which can improve the color shift problem under large viewing angles.
  • FIG. 18 is a CIExy chromaticity diagram, taking the green sub-pixel as an example for illustration.
  • Curve d indicates that the material of the light-shielding layer 31 is a light-absorbing material, and when the length of the sub-pixel P is 80 ⁇ m and the length of the opening 310 is 90 ⁇ m, the spectral curve of the green sub-pixel;
  • curve f indicates that the material of the light shielding layer 31 is a metal material, the length of the sub-pixel P is 80 ⁇ m and the length of the opening 310 is At 80 ⁇ m, the spectrum curve of the green sub-pixel;
  • curve g represents the spectrum curve of the green sub-pixel when the material of the light-shielding layer 31 is a light-absorbing material, the length of the sub-pixel P is 80 ⁇ m and the length of the opening 310 is 80
  • the display panel 3 includes the light-shielding layer 31, and the material of the light-shielding layer 31 is a metal material or a light-absorbing material, and the size of the opening 310 corresponding to the green sub-pixel is different, it is different from that of the display panel 3.
  • the spectral curves of the chromaticity diagrams of the green sub-pixels are similar.
  • the light-shielding layer 31 is provided on the side of the sub-pixel P away from the substrate 30 in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and the light-shielding layer 31 includes more When there are two openings 310, and one opening 310 corresponds to one sub-pixel P, the change in the spectrum of the light emitted by the sub-pixel P is very small (almost no change), that is, the change in the color depth of the light emitted by the sub-pixel P is very small. Therefore, the embodiments of the present disclosure can improve the color shift problem under the large viewing angle without affecting the spectrum of the light emitted by the sub-pixel P, thereby improving the chromaticity uniformity of the display panel 3.
  • the method for manufacturing the display panel includes:
  • the substrate 30 has at least two (for example, multiple) repeating units 300 arranged in an array.
  • One repeating unit 300 includes a plurality of sub-pixels P, and a plurality of sub-pixels P.
  • the pixel P includes a first color sub-pixel P1 and a second color sub-pixel P2. As the viewing angle increases, the brightness decay speed of the first color sub-pixel P1 is greater than the brightness decay speed of the second color sub-pixel P2.
  • the repeating unit 300 may also include a third color sub-pixel P3.
  • the brightness attenuation speed of the third sub-pixel P3 is less than the brightness attenuation speed of the first color sub-pixel P1 and greater than the second color sub-pixel P1.
  • the repeating unit 300 may further include forming an encapsulation layer 37 on the side of the repeating unit 300 away from the substrate 30 to seal each sub-pixel P in the repeating unit 300 to prevent it from being damaged by water vapor intrusion.
  • the product life is adversely affected.
  • the number of packaging films included in the packaging layer 37 is not limited.
  • the packaging layer 37 may include one packaging film, or the packaging layer 37 may include two or more packaging films laminated.
  • the encapsulation layer 37 includes three encapsulation films stacked in sequence. For example, see (b) in FIG. 20.
  • the three encapsulation films are a first encapsulation film 371, a second encapsulation film 372, and a
  • the third packaging film 373 between the thin film 371 and the second packaging film 372, the third packaging film 373 is made of organic materials, and the first packaging film 371 and the second packaging film 372 are made of inorganic materials.
  • the attenuation curve of the brightness of each sub-pixel P in each device will be inconsistent with the viewing angle. Therefore, after the encapsulation layer 37 is formed, referring to (c) in FIG. 20, the brightness attenuation curve of each sub-pixel P of different colors in the display device can be measured first, and then the corresponding opening 310 can be adjusted according to the test result. Length, and finally make the mask required when preparing the light-shielding layer 31 to form the light-shielding layer 31 required by the device.
  • the material of the light-shielding layer 31 may be a light-absorbing material or a metal material, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the light shielding layer 31 includes a plurality of openings 310. In the thickness direction of the substrate 30, one sub-pixel 3001 corresponds to one opening 310, and each opening 310 exposes at least a part of the sub-pixel P corresponding to the opening 310, and 3001
  • the orthographic projection on the substrate 30 is located within the orthographic projection of the opening 310 corresponding to 3001 on the substrate 30.
  • the plurality of openings 310 include a first opening 3101 corresponding to the first color sub-pixel P1, and a second opening 3102 corresponding to the second color sub-pixel P2.
  • the length of the first opening 3101 is The difference between the length of the exposed portion of the first opening 3101 in the first color sub-pixel P1 is greater than the difference between the length of the second opening 3102 and the length of the exposed portion of the second opening 3102 in the second color sub-pixel P2.
  • One direction is the horizontal direction or the vertical direction.
  • the plurality of opening portions 310 further include a third opening portion 3103 corresponding to the third color sub-pixel P3, and along the first direction, the third opening
  • the difference between the length of the portion 3103 and the length of the exposed portion of the third opening 3103 in the third color sub-pixel P3 is less than the length of the first opening 3101 and the length of the exposed portion of the first opening 3101 in the first color sub-pixel P1
  • the difference is greater than the difference between the length of the second opening 3102 and the length of the exposed portion of the second opening 3102 in the second color sub-pixel P2.
  • the method for forming the light-shielding layer 31 may be, for example, magnetron sputtering (Sputter). This method requires a short time for preparing the light-shielding layer 31 and can save materials at the same time. Conducive to controlling and optimizing production costs.
  • the materials and shapes of the film layers in the display panel prepared by the above manufacturing method, as well as the positional relationship between each other, can refer to the above-mentioned embodiment of the display panel, and can produce the same technical effect, and will not be repeated here. .

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Abstract

提供一种显示面板，包括衬底，设置于衬底上阵列分布的多个重复单元和在重复单元远离衬底的一侧的遮光层。一个重复单元包括多个亚像素，多个亚像素包括第一颜色亚像素和第二颜色亚像素，随视角的增大，第一颜色亚像素的亮度衰减速度大于第二颜色亚像素的亮度衰减速度；遮光层包括多个开口部，一个亚像素对应一个开口部，开口部露出亚像素的至少一部分；多个开口部包括：与第一颜色亚像素对应的第一开口部、与第二颜色亚像素对应的第二开口部，沿第一方向，第一开口部的长度与第一颜色亚像素中第一开口部露出部分的长度的差值大于第二开口部的长度与第二颜色亚像素中第二开口部露出部分的长度的差值，第一方向为水平方向或竖直方向。提供显示面板的制造方法及包含该显示面板的显示装置。

Description

显示面板及其制备方法、显示装置
本申请要求于2020年6月4日提交的、申请号为202010500167.X的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种显示面板及其制备方法、显示装置。
背景技术
显示装置的种类繁多，按显示媒质和工作原理进行划分，可分为液晶显示装置(LCD，Liquid Crystal Display)、无机电致发光显示装置(ELD，Electrolμminescent Display)、有机电致发光显示装置(OLED，Organic Light Emitting Diode)、场发射显示装置(FED，Field Effection Display)等多种类型。每种类型的显示装置可以应用到各种各样的场景中，满足不同的图像显示需求。
发明内容
一方面，提供了一种显示面板，包括衬底，设置于所述衬底上阵列分布的至少两个重复单元，设置在所述至少两个重复单元远离所述衬底的一侧的遮光层。一个重复单元包括多个亚像素，多个亚像素包括第一颜色亚像素和第二颜色亚像素，随视角的增大，所述第一颜色亚像素的亮度衰减速度大于所述第二颜色亚像素的亮度衰减速度；所述遮光层包括多个开口部，沿着所述衬底的厚度方向上，一个亚像素对应一个开口部，所述开口部露出所述开口部对应的亚像素的至少一部分；其中，所述多个开口部包括：与所述第一颜色亚像素对应的第一开口部、与所述第二颜色亚像素对应的第二开口部，沿第一方向，所述第一开口部的长度与所述第一颜色亚像素中所述第一开口部露出部分的长度的差值大于所述第二开口部的长度与所述第二颜色亚像素中所述第二开口部露出部分的长度的差值，所述第一方向为水平方向或竖直方向。
在一些实施例中，第一开口长度与第一发光长度的比值大于第二开口长度与第二发光长度的比值，其中，所述第一开口长度为沿所述第一方向所述第一开口部的长度，所述第一发光长度为沿所述第一方向所述第一颜色亚像 素中所述第一开口部露出部分的长度，所述第二开口长度为沿所述第一方向所述第二开口部的长度，所述第二发光长度为沿所述第一方向所述第二颜色亚像素中所述第二开口部露出部分的长度。
在一些实施例中，沿第二方向，所述第一开口部的长度与所述第一颜色亚像素中所述第一开口部露出部分的长度的差值大于所述第二开口部的长度与所述第二颜色亚像素中所述第二开口部露出部分的长度的差值；所述第一方向与所述第二方向垂直。
在一些实施例中，第三开口长度与第三发光长度的比值大于第四开口长度与第四发光长度的比值，其中，所述第三开口长度为沿第二方向所述第一开口部的长度，所述第三发光长度为沿所述第二方向所述第一颜色亚像素中所述第一开口部露出部分的长度，所述第四开口长度为沿所述第二方向所述第二开口部的长度，所述第四发光长度为沿所述第二方向所述第二颜色亚像素中所述第二开口部露出部分的长度。
在一些实施例中，所述多个亚像素还包括：第三颜色亚像素；第三颜色亚像素的亮度衰减速度小于所述第一颜色亚像素的亮度衰减速度，且大于所述第二颜色亚像素的亮度衰减速度；所述多个开口部还包括：与所述第三颜色亚像素对应的第三开口部；沿所述第一方向，所述第三开口部的长度与所述第三颜色亚像素中的所述第三开口部露出部分的长度的差值小于所述第一开口部的长度与所述第一颜色亚像素中所述第一开口部露出部分的长度的差值，且大于所述第二开口部的长度与所述第二颜色亚像素中所述第二开口露出部分的长度的差值。
在一些实施例中，第五开口长度与第五发光长度的比值小于第一开口长度与第一发光长度的比值，且大于第二开口长度与第二发光长度的比值；所述第一开口长度为沿所述第一方向所述第一开口部的长度，所述第一发光长度为沿所述第一方向所述第一颜色亚像素中所述第一开口部露出部分的长度，所述第二开口长度为沿所述第一方向所述第二开口部的长度，所述第二发光长度为沿所述第一方向所述第二颜色亚像素中所述第二开口部露 出部分的长度，所述第五开口长度为沿所述第一方向所述第三开口部的长度，所述第五发光长度为沿所述第一方向所述第三颜色亚像素中所述第三开口部露出部分的长度。
所述第三开口长度为沿第二方向所述第一开口部的长度，所述第三发光长度为沿所述第二方向所述第一颜色亚像素中所述第一开口部露出部分的长度，所述第四开口长度为沿所述第二方向所述第二开口部的长度，所述第四发光长度为沿所述第二方向所述第二颜色亚像素中所述第二开口部露出部分的长度，所述第六开口长度为沿所述第二方向所述第三开口部的长度，所述第六发光长度为沿所述第二方向所述第三颜色亚像素中所述第三开口部露出部分的长度；所述第一方向与所述第二方向垂直。
在一些实施例中，一个亚像素在所述衬底上的正投影位于所述亚像素对应的开口部在所述衬底上的正投影以内。
在一些实施例中，所述开口部在所述衬底上的正投影的边界与所述亚像素在所述衬底上的正投影的边界具有环形间隙。
在一些实施例中，所述亚像素具有相互平行第一边沿和第二边沿；所述环形间隙包括：第一子间隙和第二子间隙，所述第一子间隙为所述第一边沿在所述衬底上的正投影与所述开口部在所述衬底上的正投影的边界之间的间隙，所述第二子间隙为所述第二边沿在所述衬底上的正投影与所述开口部在所述衬底上的正投影的边界之间的间隙；所述第一子间隙和所述第二子间隙的宽度处处相等。
在一些实施例中，所述遮光层的材料为吸光材料，所述吸光材料具有厚度D1；0.1μm≤D1≤1.5μm；或者，所述遮光层的材料为金属材料，所述金属材料具有厚度D2；10nm≤D2≤1000nm。
在一些实施例中，所述遮光层还包括透明图案；所述透明图案填充于所述开口部中。
在一些实施例中，一亚像素包括一个发光部。
在一些实施例中，所述显示面板还包括：封装层，所述遮光层设置于所 述封装层远离所述衬底的一侧。
在一些实施例中，所述封装层包括第一封装薄膜、第二封装薄膜和设置在所述第一封装薄膜和第二封装薄膜之间的封装薄膜；所述封装薄膜的厚度大于所述第一封装薄膜和所述第二封装薄膜的厚度。
在一些实施例中，所述封装薄膜的厚度为6～12μm，折射率为1.45～1.65。
另一方面，提供一种显示装置，其特征在于，包括上述任一实施例中所述的显示面板。
再一方面，提供一种显示面板的制备方法，包括：在衬底上设置阵列分布的至少两个重复单元，一个重复单元包括多个亚像素，多个亚像素包括第一颜色亚像素和第二颜色亚像素，随视角的增大，所述第一颜色亚像素的亮度衰减速度大于所述第二颜色亚像素的亮度衰减速度；在所述至少两个重复单元远离所述衬底的一侧设置遮光层，所述遮光层包括多个开口部，沿着所述衬底的厚度方向上，一个亚像素对应一个开口部，所述开口部露出所述开口部对应的亚像素的至少一部分；其中，所述多个开口部包括：与所述第一颜色亚像素对应的第一开口部、与所述第二颜色亚像素对应的第二开口部，沿第一方向，所述第一开口部的长度与所述第一颜色亚像素中所述第一开口部露出部分的长度的差值大于所述第二开口部的长度与所述第二颜色亚像素中所述第二开口部露出部分的长度的差值，所述第一方向为水平方向或竖直方向。
在一些实施例中，所述在所述至少两个重复单元远离所述衬底的一侧设置遮光层包括：在所述至少两个重复单元远离所述衬底的一侧通过磁控溅射法形成所述遮光层。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得 其他的附图。
图1为本公开实施例提供的一种显示装置的结构图；
图2为本公开实施例提供的一种显示面板的区域划分图；
图3为本公开实施例提供的一种重复单元排布图；
图4为本公开实施例提供的一种显示面板的像素排布图；
图5为本公开实施例提供的另一种显示面板的像素排布图；
图6为本公开实施例提供的一种显示面板的结构图；
图7为本公开实施例提供的另一种显示面板的结构图；
图8为本公开实施例提供的又一种显示面板的结构图；
图9为本公开实施例提供的一种显示面板的可视角度的图；
图10为本公开实施例提供的一种显示面板的开口长度和发光长度结构图；
图11为本公开实施例提供的另一种显示面板的开口长度和发光长度结构图；
图12为本公开实施例提供的一种环形间隙的结构图；
图13为本公开实施例提供的另一种环形间隙的结构图；
图14为本公开实施例提供的又一种环形间隙的结构图；
图15为本公开实施例提供的又一种显示面板的结构图；
图16为本公开实施例提供的再一种显示面板的结构图；
图17为本公开实施例提供的一种发光部的亮度衰减速度的模拟图；
图18为本公开实施例提供的一种在CIExy色度图中发光部发出的光线的光谱模拟图；
图19为本公开实施例提供的一种显示面板的制备方法流程图；
图20为本公开实施例提供的一种显示面板的制备方法工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本公开一些实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开所提供的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
除非上下文另有要求，否则，在整个说明书和权利要求书中，术语“包括(comprise)”及其其他形式例如第三人称单数形式“包括(comprises)”和现在分词形式“包括(comprising)”被解释为开放、包含的意思，即为“包含，但不限于”。在说明书的描述中，术语“一个实施例(one embodiment)”、 “一些实施例(some embodiments)”、“示例性实施例(exemplary embodiments)”、“示例(example)”、“特定示例(specific example)”或“一些示例(some examples)”等旨在表明与该实施例或示例相关的特定特征、结构、材料或特性包括在本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。上述术语的示意性表示不一定是指同一实施例或示例。此外，所述的特定特征、结构、材料或特点可以以任何适当方式包括在任何一个或多个实施例或示例中。
以下，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本公开实施例的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
“A、B和C中的至少一个”与“A、B或C中的至少一个”具有相同含义，均包括以下A、B和C的组合：仅A，仅B，仅C，A和B的组合，A和C的组合，B和C的组合，及A、B和C的组合。
“A和/或B”，包括以下三种组合：仅A，仅B，及A和B的组合。
如本文中所使用，根据上下文，术语“如果”任选地被解释为意思是“当……时”或“在……时”或“响应于确定”或“响应于检测到”。类似地，根据上下文，短语“如果确定……”或“如果检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]”任选地被解释为是指“在确定……时”或“响应于确定……”或“在检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]时”或“响应于检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]”。
本文中“适用于”或“被配置为”的使用意味着开放和包容性的语言，其不排除适用于或被配置为执行额外任务或步骤的设备。
另外，“基于”的使用意味着开放和包容性，因为“基于”一个或多个所述条件或值的过程、步骤、计算或其他动作在实践中可以基于额外条件或超出所述的值。
如本文所使用的那样，“约”、“大致”或“近似”等描述包括所阐述的值以及处于特定值的可接受偏差范围内的平均值，其中所述可接受偏差范围如由本领域普通技术人员考虑到正在讨论的测量以及与特定量的测量相关的误差(即，测量系统的局限性)所确定。
如本文所使用的那样，“平行”、“垂直”、“相等”等描述包括所阐述的情况以及与所阐述的情况相近似的情况，该相近似的情况的范围处于可接受偏差范围内，其中所述可接受偏差范围如由本领域普通技术人员考虑到正在讨论的测量以及与特定量的测量相关的误差(即，测量系统的局限性)所确定。例如，“平行”包括绝对平行和近似平行，其中近似平行的可接受偏差 范围例如可以是5°以内偏差；“垂直”包括绝对垂直和近似垂直，其中近似垂直的可接受偏差范围例如也可以是5°以内偏差。“相等”包括绝对相等和近似相等，其中近似相等的可接受偏差范围内例如可以是相等的两者之间的差值小于或等于其中任一者的5％。
本文参照作为理想化示例性附图的剖视图和/或平面图描述了示例性实施方式。在附图中，为了清楚，放大了层和区域的厚度。因此，可设想到由于例如制造技术和/或公差引起的相对于附图的形状的变动。因此，示例性实施方式不应解释为局限于本文示出的区域的形状，而是包括因例如制造而引起的形状偏差。例如，示为矩形的蚀刻区域通常将具有弯曲的特征。因此，附图中所示的区域本质上是示意性的，且它们的形状并非旨在示出设备的区域的实际形状，并且并非旨在限制示例性实施方式的范围。
目前，有机发光二极管(Organic Light-Emitting Diode)由于具有自发光、低功耗、宽色域和可实现柔性显示等优点在显示技术领域获得了广泛应用。
采用有机发光二极管作为发光器件的显示面板为有机电致发光显示面板，有机电致发光显示面板的像素结构是阳极、有机发光材料、阴极的叠层结构。由于不同亚像素中的有机发光材料发出的光的颜色不同，从而使得不同亚像素发出不同颜色的光，由不同颜色的亚像素的发出的光组合实现画面显示(白光显示)。然而，由于有机发光材料的特性不同以及所处的微腔环境不同，导致有机发光显示面板在正视下显示为白色的画面，在大角度视角下不同亚像素的亮度随视角的变化幅度是不一致的，从而导致有机发光显示面板在大视角下出现色偏的问题，影响有机发光器件的品质。
为了解决这一问题，本公开实施例提供一种显示装置。示例性地，该显示装置可以为显示器、电视、数码相机、手机、平板电脑、电子相框、导航仪等任何具有显示功能的产品或者部件，本公开实施例对此不作限定。
在本公开的一些实施例中，显示装置包括显示面板。示例性地，该显示面板可以是OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode，有机发光二极管)面板、QLED(Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes，量子点发光二极管)面板、LCD(Liquid Crystal Display，液晶显示器)面板、微LED(包括：Mini LED或Micro LED)面板等。
下面，以显示装置包括OLED显示面板为例，对显示面板的具体结构进行说明。
示例性地，参见图1，显示装置的主要结构包括框架1、盖板2、显示面板3以及电路板4等其它配件。此处，显示面板3可以为柔性显示面板，也 可以为刚性显示面板。在显示面板3为柔性显示面板的情况下，显示装置为柔性显示装置。
其中，框架1的纵截面呈U型，显示面板3、电路板4以及其它配件均设置于框架1内，电路板4置于显示面板3的下方(即背面，背离显示面板3的显示面的一面)，盖板2设置于显示面板3远离电路板4的一侧。
需要说明的是，电路板4与显示面板3电连接，电路板4一般包括柔性印刷电路板(Flexble Printed Circuit，简称FPC)、驱动芯片(Integrated Circuit，简称IC)以及印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board，简称PCB)、接续基板等；电路板4的作用是通电后向显示面板3提供各种显示画面的信息。
如图2所示，显示面板3划分为显示区A1(Active Area，简称为AA区)和位于显示区A1至少一侧的周边区A2，附图2以周边区A2包围显示区A1为例进行示意。显示区A1包括多个亚像素P。周边区A2用于布线，此外，也可以将栅极驱动电路设置于周边区A2。在显示面板为LCD显示面板的情况下，亚像素的轮廓由黑矩阵上的开口决定；在显示面板为OLED显示面板、QLED显示面板或微LED的情况下，亚像素的轮廓由发光区域决定。
本公开实施例还提供一种显示面板3，如图3所示，该显示面板3包括衬底30，设置于衬底30上阵列排布的至少两个(例如，可以是多个)重复单元300。参见图4和图5，一个重复单元300包括多个(例如，可以是三个，也可以是五个)亚像素P，多个亚像素P包括第一颜色亚像素P1和第二颜色亚像素P2，随视角的增大，第一颜色亚像素P1的亮度衰减速度大于第二颜色亚像素P2的亮度衰减速度。显示面板3还包括设置在至少两个重复单元300远离衬底30一侧的遮光层31，遮光层31包括多个开口部310，沿着衬底30的厚度方向上，一个亚像素3001对应一个开口部310，每个开口部310露出开口部310对应的亚像素P的至少一部分。其中，多个开口部310包括：与第一颜色亚像素P1对应的第一开口部3101、与第二颜色亚像素P2对应的第二开口部3102，沿第一方向，第一开口部3101的长度与第一颜色亚像素P1中第一开口部3101露出部分的长度的差值大于第二开口部3102的长度与第二颜色亚像素P2中第二开口部3102露出部分的长度的差值，第一方向为水平方向或竖直方向。
需要说明的是，在显示装置为柔性显示装置的情况下，显示面板3为柔性显示面板，此时，衬底30为柔性衬底；柔性衬底例如可以为PI(Polyimide，聚酰亚胺)、PET(Polyethylene terephthalate，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)或者为其它合适的材料，本公开实施例对此不作限定。在显示装置为刚性显示装置 的情况下，显示面板3为刚性显示面板，此时，衬底30为刚性衬底，例如可以为玻璃基板。
本领域技术人员应当明白，显示面板3具有多种不同类型的亚像素排布方式，本公开实施例中的重复单元300即为由亚像素构成的最小重复集合。本公开实施例对重复单元300中亚像素的具体排布方式不作限定。例如，参见图4，亚像素排布方式为SRGB排布(也可称为标准RGB排布)，亚像素构成的最小重复集合包括三个亚像素P。那么此时，每个重复单元300也包括三个亚像素P。其中，三个亚像素P发出三种不同颜色的光。又例如，参见图5，亚像素排布方式为Diamond排布(也可称为Pentile排布),此时，相邻两个像素共用一个亚像素P(即发光部)，共用的亚像素P可以为红色亚像素、绿色亚像素或者蓝色亚像素，图5以相邻两个像素P共用一个第一颜色亚像素P1为例进行示意。亚像素构成的最小重复集合包括五个亚像素P，那么此时，每个重复单元300也包括五个亚像素P。
以重复单元300为图4所示的亚像素排布方式，且以一个重复单元300为例对本公开的方案进行解释说明。在此基础上，如图6和图7所示，显示面板3还包括设置在重复单元300相对两侧的第一电极33和第二电极34，第一电极33和第二电极34用于形成驱动重复单元300发光的电场。显示面板3还包括设置在衬底30上，且位于第一电极33和第二电极34之间的像素界定层35；像素界定层35包括多个开口区，一个开口区露出一个第一电极33。
如图8所示，显示面板3还包括设置在衬底30与第一电极33之间的多个驱动电路，一个驱动电路与一个第一电极33电连接。驱动电路包括多个薄膜晶体管100，多个薄膜晶体管100中作为驱动晶体管的薄膜晶体管100的漏极与第一电极33电连接。如图8所示，显示面板3还包括设置在驱动电路远离衬底30一侧的平坦层36。
示例性地，参见图8，每个亚像素P可以包括一个发光部3001，发光部3001为在第一电极33和第二电极34形成的电场的作用下发出不同颜色的光线，多个亚像素P所包括的多个发光部3001也可称为发光层。按照发光颜色的不同，发光部3001可以分为第一颜色发光部3001a、第二颜色发光部3001b和第三颜色发光部3001c，每个第一颜色发光部3001a设置在一个第一颜色亚像素P1中，每个第二颜色发光部3001b设置在一个第二颜色亚像素P2中，每个第二颜色发光部3001c设置在一个第三颜色亚像素P3中。
在一些实施例中，第一电极33为阴极，第二电极34为阳极。在另一些实施例中，第一电极33为阳极，第二电极34为阴极，对此不作过多限制。
在一些实施例中，显示面板3还包括电子传输层(election transporting layer，简称ETL)、电子注入层(election injection layer，简称EIL)、空穴传输层(hole transporting layer，简称HTL)以及空穴注入层(hole injection layer，简称HIL)中的一层或多层。
在第一电极33为阳极，第二电极34为阴极的情况下，空穴注入层和空穴传输层设置在第一电极33和发光部3001之间，电子注入层和电子传输层设置在第二电极34和发光部3001之间。在第一电极33为阴极，第二电极34为阳极的情况下，空穴注入层和空穴传输层设置在第二电极34和发光部3001之间，电子注入层和电子传输层设置在第一电极33和发光部3001之间。
对于开口部310的形状不进行限定，以能将亚像素P露出即可。具体的，开口部310可以将亚像素P完全露出，也可以仅露出亚像素P的部分。示例性地，开口部310的形状可以为圆形、矩形、六边形、八边形等其它合适的形状；或者，开口部310的形状还可以为不规则的形状。
对于亚像素P的长度定义为，沿第一方向，亚像素P的边缘任意两点之间的最短距离，即沿第一方向设置在亚像素P中发光部3001的边缘任意两点之间的最短距离。对于开口部310的长度定义为，沿第一方向，开口部310的边缘任意两点之间的最短距离。
示例性地，如图6所示，当发光部3001在衬底30上的正投影位于第一电极33在衬底30上的正投影以内，且发光部3001在衬底30上的正投影的面积小于第一电极33在衬底30上的正投影的面积时，沿第一方向，发光部3001的边缘任意两点之间的最短距离为亚像素P的长度L1。如图7所示，当第一电极33在衬底30上的正投影位于发光部3001在衬底30上的正投影以内，且第一电极33在衬底30上的正投影的面积小于发光部3001在衬底30上的正投影时，沿第一方向第一电极33的边缘任意两点之间的最短距离为亚像素P的长度L1。
示例性地，视角(也即可视角度)是指用户的眼睛刚好可以看到对比度为10以上的画面的时候视线与垂直屏幕的平面的夹角。如图9所示，图9以可视角度为80°为例进行示意。参考图9，视角包括水平视角X和竖直视角Y，水平视角X即为水平方向上的视角，竖直视角Y即为竖直方向上的视角，因此，本公开实施例中的第一方向为水平视角X的方向(水平方向)或者为竖直视角Y的方向(竖直方向)。
对于第一颜色和第二颜色不进行限定。示例的，第一颜色和第二颜色可以为红色、绿色和蓝色中的一种。
需要说明的是，随着视角的增大，绿色亚像素的亮度衰减速度大于蓝色亚像素的亮度衰减速度，且小于红色亚像素的亮度衰减速度。本公开实施例中，第一颜色亚像素P1的亮度衰减速度大于第二颜色亚像素P2的亮度衰减速度。在此基础上，例如，第一颜色亚像素P1为红色亚像素，第二颜色亚像素P2为蓝色亚像素。又例如，第一颜色亚像素P1为绿色亚像素，第二颜色亚像素P2为蓝色亚像素。又例如，第一颜色亚像素P1为红色亚像素，第二颜色亚像素P2为绿色亚像素。
对于遮光层31的材料不进行限定。示例性地，遮光层31的材料为吸光材料，吸光材料是指对可见光的吸收率大于等于80％的材料，吸光材料例如可以为黑色吸光材料，黑色吸光材料例如可以为黑色添加剂和树脂的复合材料；或者，黑色吸光材料可以与黑矩阵(Black Matrix，简称BM)的材料相同。示例性地，遮光层31的材料为金属材料，金属材料是指可以将亚像素P发出的光线反射至显示面板3的内部结构，使其不从显示面板3的出光侧出去，金属材料例如可以为金(Au)、铂(Pt)、铝(Al)等或者为金属化合物以及其它合适的材料，本公开实施例对此不作限定。
在遮光层31的材料为吸光材料的情况下，吸光材料具有厚度D1，0.1μm≤D1≤1.5μm。在遮光层31的材料为金属材料的情况下，金属材料具有厚度D2，10nm≤D2≤1000nm。示例性地，吸光材料的厚度D1为0.8μm；金属材料的厚度D2为100nm。
基于上述，将绿色亚像素的亮度衰减速度、红色亚像素的亮度衰减速度以及蓝色亚像素的亮度衰减速度在同一视角下(例如视角为70°)进行比较时，当其中某一个颜色亚像素P的亮度衰减速度越快，则亚像素P发出的光的颜色的亮度越暗；在此基础上，相应的增加该颜色的亚像素P对应的开口部310的开口长度，使得更多的光线由开口部310出射出去，从而增加亚像素P发出的颜色的亮度。同理，当其中某一个颜色亚像素P的亮度衰减速度越慢，则亚像素P发出的光的颜色的亮度越亮；在此基础上，相应的减小该颜色的亚像素P对应的开口部310的开口长度，使得更多的光线被遮光层31吸收或者被反射，从而减小亚像素P发出的颜色的亮度。
由于本公开实施例的显示面板3包括至少两个重复单元，一个重复单元300包括多个亚像素P，多个亚像素P包括第一颜色亚像素P1和第二颜色亚像素P2；显示面板3包括设置在至少两个重复单元300远离衬底30一侧的遮光层31，遮光层31包括多个开口部310，多个开口部310包括：与第一颜色亚像素P1对应的第一开口部3101、与第二颜色亚像素P2对应的第二开口部 3102，即，第一开口部3101将第一颜色亚像素P1露出，第二开口部3102第二颜色亚像素P2露出，此外，由于随视角的增大，第一颜色亚像素P1的亮度衰减速度大于第二颜色亚像素P2的亮度衰减速度，因此在同一视角下，第一颜色亚像素P1的发光亮度小于第二颜色亚像素P2的发光亮度，而由于第一开口部3101的长度与第一颜色亚像素P1的长度的差值大于第二开口部3102的长度与第二颜色亚像素P2的长度的差值，因此第一颜色亚像素P1发出的光线由第一开口部3101出射的较多，而第二颜色亚像素P2发出的光线由第二开口部3102出射的较少，可以使得第一颜色亚像素P1的亮度衰减速度与第二颜色亚像素P2的亮度衰减速度相接近，即在第一方向上的大视角下，第一颜色亚像素P1发出的光的亮度与第二颜色亚像素P2发出的光的亮度相接近，从而可以改善大视角下产生色偏的问题。
示例性地，如图10所示，第一开口长度K1与第一发光长度F1的比值大于第二开口长度K2与第二发光长度F2的比值。其中，第一开口长度K1为沿第一方向第一开口部3101的长度，第一发光长度F1为沿第一方向第一颜色亚像素P1中第一开口部3101露出部分的长度，第二开口长度K2为沿第一方向第二开口部3102的长度，第二发光长度F2为沿第一方向第二颜色亚像素P2中第二开口部3102露出部分的长度。具体的，在仅考虑沿第一方向不同颜色亚像素P的发光长度存在差异，不考虑不同颜色亚像素P的亮度衰减速度存在差异的情况下对第一方向上对应的开口长度进行设置时，为了保证发光效率，需要使得能够出光的开口部的面积尽可能大，开口长度需要与发光长度正相关，即亚像素长度越大，相应的开口长度也就也大，从而使亚像素P尽可能多得从开口部露出。同时为了保证开口部对不同颜色亚像素P出光效果的影响程度一致，则应设置第一开口长度K1与第一发光长度F1的比值等于第二开口长度K2与第二发光长度F2的比值。此时，考虑到第一颜色亚像素P1的亮度衰减速度大于第二颜色亚像素P2的亮度衰减速度，为了避免大视角下出现色偏，需要平衡第一颜色亚像素P1和第二颜色亚像素P2的亮度衰减速度，则应在第一开口长度K1与第一发光长度F1的比值与第二开口长度K2与第二发光长度F2的比值相等的前提下，增大第一开口长度K1，和/或减小第二开口长度K2，从而减小第一颜色亚像素P1的亮度衰减速度，和/或增大第二颜色亚像素P2的亮度衰减速度，以使得在第一方向上大视角下第一颜色亚像素P1发出的光的亮度与第二颜色亚像素P2发出的光的亮度相接近，从而改善大视角下产生色偏的问题。
例如，参见图10，在X方向上，第一颜色亚像素P1的第一发光长度F1 与第二颜色亚像素P2的第二发光长度F2相等，第一开口长度K1大于第二开口长度K2，第一开口长度K1与第一发光长度F1的比值大于第二开口长度K2与第二发光长度F2的比值，此时，第一开口长度K1大于第二开口长度K2。又例如，参见图11，在X方向上，第一颜色亚像素P1的第一发光长度F1小于第二颜色亚像素P2的第二发光长度F2，同样的，第一开口长度K1与第一发光长度F1的比值大于第二开口长度K2与第二发光长度F2的比值，此时，对第一开口长度K1和第二开口长度K2不做具体限定，只要相应的比值满足上述限定条件即可。示例性地，参见图10和图11，还具有第二方向，第二方向与第一方向垂直。例如，当第一方向为水平视角X的方向(水平方向)时，第二方向为竖直视角Y的方向(竖直方向)。沿第二方向，第一开口部3101的长度与第一颜色亚像素P1中第一开口部3101露出部分的长度的差值大于第二开口部3102的长度与第二颜色亚像素P2中第二开口部3102露出部分的长度的差值。具体的，参见图10和图11，在Y方向上，第三开口长度K3与第三发光长度F3的比值大于第四开口长度K4与第四发光长度F4的比值。其中，第三开口长度K3为沿第二方向第一开口部3101的长度，第三发光长度F3为沿第二方向第一颜色亚像素P1中第一开口部3101露出部分的长度，第四开口长度K4为沿第二方向第二开口部3102的长度，第四发光长度F4为沿第二方向第二颜色亚像素P2中第二开口部3102露出部分的长度。该设置所能实现的有益效果与第一方向上相应设置的有益效果类似，在此不再赘述。当第一方向和第二方向上的开口长度与发光长度之间的关系均符合上述限定时，在不同方向上大视角下的色偏问题均能得到缓解，不同视角下显示面板色调的均一性提高，从而使得多视角下的显示面板显示效果均有所提升。
在一些实施例中，如图10和图11所示，多个亚像素P还包括第三亚像素P3，第三亚像素P3的亮度衰减速度小于第一颜色亚像素P1的亮度衰减速度，且大于第二颜色亚像素P2的衰减速度。
在此基础上，如图10和图11所示，多个开口部310还包括与第三颜色亚像素P3对应的第三开口部3103，沿第一方向，第三开口部3103的长度与第三颜色亚像素P3中第三开口部3103露出部分的长度的差值小于第一开口部3101的长度与第一颜色亚像素P1中第一开口部3101露出部分的长度的差值，且大于第二开口部3102的长度与第二颜色亚像素P2中第二开口部3102露出部分的长度的差值。
在多个亚像素P还包括第三亚像素P3的情况下，第三亚像素P3的亮度 衰减速度小于第一颜色亚像素P1的亮度衰减速度，且大于第二颜色亚像素P2的衰减速度，由于多个开口部310还包括与第三颜色亚像素P3对应的第三开口部3103，第三开口部3103的长度与第三颜色亚像素P3的长度的差值小于第一开口部3101的长度与第一颜色亚像素P1的长度的差值，且大于第二开口部3102的长度与第二颜色亚像素P2的长度的差值，因此可以使得第一颜色亚像素P1的亮度衰减速度、第二颜色亚像素P2的衰减速度以及第三颜色亚像素P3的衰减速度相接近，因此在大视角下，第一颜色亚像素P1发出的光的亮度、第二颜色亚像素P2发出的光的亮度和第三颜色亚像素P3发出的光的亮度相接近，从而可以改善大视角下产生色偏的问题。
示例性地，参见图10和图11，第五开口长度K5与第五发光长度F5的比值小于第一开口长度K1与第一发光长度F1的比值，且大于第二开口长度K2与第二发光长度F2的比值。第五开口长度K5为沿第一方向第三开口部3103的长度，第五发光长度F5为沿第一方向第三颜色亚像素P3中第三开口部3103露出部分的长度。与上述第一开口长度K1与第一发光长度F1的比值大于第二开口长度K2与第二发光长度F2的比值类似的，在显示面板还具有第三颜色亚像素P3的情况下，进行上述设置可相应增大或减小不同颜色亚像素的亮度衰减速度，使得在第一方向上大视角下第一颜色亚像素P1、第二颜色亚像素P2、第三颜色亚像素P3发出的光的亮度相接近，从而改善大视角下产生色偏的问题。结合上述实施例，示例性地，沿第二方向，第三开口部3103的长度与第三颜色亚像素P3的长度的差值小于第一开口部3101的长度与第一颜色亚像素P1的长度的差值，且大于第二开口部3102的长度与第二颜色亚像素P2的长度的差值。
示例性地，参见图10和图11，第六开口长度K6与第六发光长度F6的比值小于第三开口长度K3与第三发光长度F3的比值，且大于第四开口长度K4与第四发光长度F4的比值。第六开口长度K6为沿第二方向第三开口部3103的长度，第六发光长度F6为沿第二方向第三颜色亚像素P3中第三开口部3103露出部分的长度。该设置所能实现的有益效果与第一方向上相应设置的有益效果类似，在此不再赘述。当第一方向和第二方向上的开口长度与发光长度之间的关系均符合上述限定时，在不同方向上大视角下的色偏问题均能得到缓解，不同视角下显示面板色调的均一性提高，从而使得多视角下的显示面板显示效果均有所提升。
需要说明的是，在第一方向为水平方向的情况下，第二方向为竖直方向；在第一方向为竖直方向的情况下，第二方向为水平方向。以下，本公开实施 例中均以第一方向为水平方向，第二方向为竖直方向为例进行示意。
本公开实施例中，在第一方向和第二方向上，均可以使得第一颜色亚像素P1的亮度衰减速度、第二颜色亚像素P2的衰减速度以及第三颜色亚像素P3的衰减速度相接近，因此在大视角下，沿第一方向和第二方向，第一颜色亚像素P1发出的光的亮度、第二颜色亚像素P2发出的光的亮度和第三颜色亚像素P3发出的光的亮度相接近，即用户在水平视角下所看到的画面的亮度相接近，在竖直视角下所看到的画面的亮度相接近，从而能够更进一步改善大视角下产生色偏的问题。
示例性地，参见图12，亚像素P在衬底30上的正投影位于亚像素P对应的开口部在衬底30上的正投影以内。例如，亚像素P在衬底30上的正投影与开口部310在衬底30上的正投影被开口部310完全覆盖，即亚像素P完全被开口部310露出，能够使更多光线能够从开口部310出射，无需增大显示面板能耗即可获得亮度更高、更清晰的显示画面，从而提升显示面板的显示效果。
在一些实施例中，如图12所示，开口部310在衬底30上的正投影的边界与亚像素P在衬底30上的正投影的边界具有环形间隙H。即亚像素P在衬底30上的正投影位于开口部310在衬底30上的正投影内，且亚像素P在衬底30上的正投影的边界与亚像素P在衬底30上的正投影的边界均不重合，两者边界之间具有间隙。由于亚像素P出射的光不是准直光，而是发散的，因此使开口部310的尺寸大于与之对应的亚像素P的尺寸，能够使更多的光线从开口部310出射，无需增大能耗即可获得更佳的显示效果。
示例性地，参见图12，亚像素P具有相互平行第一边沿B1和第二边沿B2，环形间隙H包括：第一子间隙H1和第二子间隙H2，第一子间隙H1为第一边沿B1在衬底30上的正投影与开口部310在衬底30上的正投影的边界之间的间隙，第二子间隙H2为第二边沿B2在衬底30上的正投影与开口部310在衬底30上的正投影的边界之间的间隙。第一子间隙H1和第二子间隙H2的宽度处处相等。例如，参见图12，亚像素P和开口部310的形状均为矩形，亚像素P和开口部310均阵列排布且一一对应，以第一颜色亚像素P1在第一方向上相互平行的边沿分别为第一边沿B1和第二边沿B2为例，开口部310在衬底30上的正投影的边界与第一边沿B1在衬底30上的正投影之间的间隙为第一子间隙H1，开口部310在衬底30上的正投影的边界与第二边沿B2在衬底30上的正投影之间的间隙为第二子间隙H2，第一子间隙H1和第二子间隙H2的宽度处处相等。又例如，参见图13，亚像素P和开口部310 的形状为矩形和多边形，亚像素P和开口部310均阵列排布且一一对应，以第一颜色亚像素P1在第一方向上相互平行的边沿分别为第一边沿B1和第二边沿B2为例，开口部310在衬底30上的正投影的边界与第一边沿B1在衬底30上的正投影之间的间隙为第一子间隙H1，开口部310在衬底30上的正投影的边界与第二边沿B2在衬底30上的正投影之间的间隙为第二子间隙H2，第一子间隙H1和第二子间隙H2的宽度处处相等。还例如，参见图14，亚像素P和开口部310的形状为矩形和多边形，亚像素P和开口部310一一对应但不为阵列排布，以第一颜色亚像素P1在第一方向上相互平行的边沿分别为第一边沿B1和第二边沿B2为例，开口部310在衬底30上的正投影的边界与第一边沿B1在衬底30上的正投影之间的间隙为第一子间隙H1，开口部310在衬底30上的正投影的边界与第二边沿B2在衬底30上的正投影之间的间隙为第二子间隙H2，第一子间隙H1和第二子间隙H2的宽度处处相等。
第一子间隙H1各处的宽度处处相等，第二子间隙H2各处的宽度处处相等，且第一子间隙H1和第二子间隙H2的宽度相等，即同种颜色的亚像素P的第一子间隙H1和第二子间隙H2各处的宽度均相等。对于不同颜色亚像素P的第一子间隙H1和第二子间隙H2宽度的相对大小不进行限定，以能平衡亮度衰减速度为准，即能够使第一颜色亚像素P1、第二颜色亚像素P2以及第三颜色亚像素P3的亮度衰减速度相接近。当第一边沿B1和第二边沿B2为亚像素P在第二方向上相互平行的边沿时，同样存在上述限定关系，同时，同种颜色的亚像素P在第一方向上的第一子间隙H1和第二子间隙H2的宽度与该颜色亚像素P在第二方向上的第一子间隙H1和第二子间隙H2的宽度可以相等，也可以不相等，对此不进行限定，同样以能平衡亮度衰减速度为准，即能够同种颜色的亚像素P在第一方向和第二方向上的亮度衰减速度相接近，也即显示面板在第一方向和第二方向上的亮度衰减速度相接近，使得视角从第一方向转换至第二方向时显示面板的色偏差异较小，显示面板在不同方向上具有较好的色彩均一性。
具体的，在第一方向上同种颜色亚像素P的第一子间隙H1和第二子间隙H2处处相等的情况下，沿第一方向(水平方向)上的各个位置处，例如视角在0°～+80°和0°～-80°的位置处，第一开口部3101用于平衡第一颜色亚像素P1的亮度的衰减速度相同、第二开口部3102用于平衡第二颜色亚像素P2的亮度的衰减速度相同、第三开口部3103用于平衡第三颜色亚像素P3的亮度的衰减速度相同，因此，在水平方向的各个位置处，第一颜色亚像素P1发出的光的亮度相同、第二颜色亚像素P2发出的光的亮度相同、第三颜色亚像素 P3发出的光的亮度相同，从而使得在水平方向的各个位置处，第一颜色亚像素P1发出的光的亮度、第二颜色亚像素P2发出的光的亮度和第三颜色亚像素P3发出的光的亮度均相接近，进而使得用户在水平视角的各个位置处所看到的画面的亮度相接近。
在第二方向上同种颜色亚像素P的第一子间隙H1和第二子间隙H2处处相等的情况下，在沿第二方向(竖直方向)上的各个位置处，例如视角在0°～+80°和0°～-80°的位置处，第一开口部3101用于平衡第一颜色亚像素P1的亮度的衰减速度相同、第二开口部3102用于平衡第二颜色亚像素P2的亮度的衰减速度相同、第三开口部3103用于平衡第三颜色亚像素P3的亮度的衰减速度相同，因此，在竖直方向的各个位置处，第一颜色亚像素P1发出的光的亮度相同、第二颜色亚像素P2发出的光的亮度相同、第三颜色亚像素P3发出的光的亮度相同，从而使得在竖直方向的各个位置处，第一颜色亚像素P1发出的光的亮度、第二颜色亚像素P2发出的光的亮度和第三颜色亚像素P3发出的光的亮度均相接近，进而使得用户在竖直视角的各个位置处所看到的画面的亮度相接近。
基于上述，在同种颜色亚像素P在第一方向和第二方向上的第一子间隙H1和第二间隙子H2处处相等的情况下，同理，不仅在水平方向的各个位置处，第一颜色亚像素P1发出的光的亮度、第二颜色亚像素P2发出的光的亮度和第三颜色亚像素P3发出的光的亮度均相接近，使得用户在水平视角的各个位置处所看到的画面的亮度相接近；而且在竖直方向的各个位置处，第一颜色亚像素P1发出的光的亮度、第二颜色亚像素P2发出的光的亮度和第三颜色亚像素P3发出的光的亮度均相接近，使得用户在竖直视角的各个位置处所看到的画面的亮度相接近，因此能够更好的改善大视角下产生色偏的问题。
在一些实施例中，如图15所示，显示面板3还包括封装层37，遮光层31设置于封装层37远离衬底30的一侧。
此处，封装层37可以为封装基板；也可以为封装薄膜。在封装层37为封装薄膜的情况下，对于封装层37包括的封装薄膜的层数不进行限定，可以是封装层37包括一层封装薄膜，也可以是封装层37包括层叠设置的两层或两层以上封装薄膜。在一些实施例中，如图15所示，封装层37包括依次层叠设置的三层封装薄膜，示例的，三层封装薄膜分别为第一封装薄膜371、第二封装薄膜372以及设置于第一封装薄膜371和第二封装薄膜372之间的第三封装薄膜373。
在封装层37包括第一封装薄膜371、第二封装薄膜372以及第三封装薄 膜373的情况下，示例性地，第三封装薄膜373的材料为有机材料，第一封装薄膜371和第二封装薄膜372的材料为无机材料。
此处，对于有机材料不进行限定，有机材料例如可以为PMM(Polymethyl methrylte，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)。对于无机材料不进行限定，示例的，无机材料可以为SiNx(氮化硅)、SiOx(氧化硅)或SiOxNy(氮氧化硅)中的一种或多种。
在此基础上，可以利用喷墨打印工艺(Ink Jet Printer，简称IJP)制作第三封装薄膜373。此外，可以利用化学气相沉积法(hemil Vpor Deposition，简称VD)分别制作第一封装薄膜371和第二封装薄膜372。
本公开实施例，封装层37包括第一封装薄膜371、第二封装薄膜372以及设置于第一封装薄膜371和第二封装薄膜372之间的第三封装薄膜373，由于第三封装薄膜373的材料为有机材料，而有机材料的韧性较好，因而有利于显示装置实现弯曲显示。由于第一封装薄膜371和第二封装薄膜372的材料为无机材料，因而一方面，可以隔绝外界空气中的水氧；另一方面，可以保护第三封装薄膜373，防止第三封装薄膜373被划伤损坏。
示例性地，第三封装薄膜373的厚度大于第一封装薄膜371和第二封装薄膜372的厚度。具体的，第三封装薄膜373封装层37的厚度范围可以为6μm～12μm，第一封装薄膜371的厚度范围可以为1μm～2μm，第二封装薄膜372的厚度范围可以为0.5μm～1μm。由于第三封装薄膜373的厚度远大于第一封装薄膜371和第二封装薄膜372的厚度，因此封装层37的厚度主要由第三封装薄膜373的厚度决定。为了使封装层37具有较高的透光率，在保证封装效果以及工艺水平可实现的条件下，应尽可能减小封装层37的厚度，从而降低显示面板的能耗。例如，第三封装薄膜373封装层37的厚度例如可以为6μm，第一封装薄膜371的厚度为1μm，第二封装薄膜372的厚度为0.7μm。
示例性地，第一封装薄膜371、第二封装薄膜372和第三封装薄膜373的折射率可以不同。具体的，第一封装薄膜371的折射率范围为1.5～1.8，第二封装薄膜372的折射率范围为1.8～2，第三封装薄膜373的折射率范围为1.45～1.65。例如，第一封装薄膜371的折射率为1.78，第二封装薄膜372的折射率为1.9，第三封装薄膜373的折射率为1.65。可以理解的是，光线穿过封装层37会发生折射，即光线入射至封装层37的入射点和从封装层37出射的出射点在衬底30上的正投影不重合，将入射点和出射点在衬底30上的正投影之间的距离称为折射位移。在封装层37中各膜层的厚度一定的情况下， 封装层37的折射率越大，折射位移越小。由于第一封装薄膜371和第二封装薄膜372的厚度远小于第三封装薄膜373，因此在第一封装薄膜371和第二封装薄膜372中产生的折射位移可以忽略不计，光线穿过封装层37的折射位移主要由第三封装薄膜373的折射率决定。第三封装薄膜373的折射率越大，光线穿过封装层37的折射位移就越小，能够避免光线的出射点照射至遮光层31所在区域，使穿过封装层37的光线的出射点更多的分布在开口部310中，从而在不增大能耗的前提下具有较高的出光亮度，提升显示面板的显示效果。
示例性地，由于封装层37具有一定的厚度，且封装层37的厚度会影响亚像素P发出的光线由开口部310出射时的折射位移，在折射率一定的情况下，厚度越大，折射位移越大，会导致更多光线被遮光层31吸收，从而使得第一颜色亚像素P1发出的光的亮度、第二颜色亚像素P2发出的光的亮度和第三颜色亚像素P3发出的光的亮度均减弱。基于此，在遮光层31设置于封装层37远离衬底30一侧的表面时，相应的，可以选用具有较大折射率的封装层37材料，和/或减小封装层37的厚度，同时增加上述实施例中的第一开口部3101、第二开口部3102以及第三开口部3103的长度，即增加第一开口部3101、第二开口部3102以及第三开口部3103的开口率，以弥补由于穿过封装层37的折射位移变大，亚像素P发出的光线的亮度减弱的问题。
在一些实施例中，如图16所示，遮光层31还包括透明图案311，透明图案填充于开口部310中。
由于本公开实施例的遮光层31还包括透明图案311，透明图案填充于开口部310中，因此可以使得遮光层31平坦，进而实现显示面板3的平坦化。如图17所示，随视角的增大，红色亚像素(曲线c)、绿色亚像素(曲线b)以及蓝色亚像素(曲线a)的亮度衰减曲线图，由图17可以明显的看出，随视角的增大，红色亚像素、绿色亚像素以及蓝色亚像素的亮度衰减速度不一致。图17还示出了以绿色亚像素为例，调整绿色亚像素所对应的开口部的大小，改变绿色亚像素随视角增大的亮度衰减速度的曲线。由图17可以看出，当显示面板3不包括遮光层31时，绿色亚像素随视角增大的亮度衰减速度的曲线(曲线b)，与显示面板3包括遮光层31时，绿色亚像素随视角增大的亮度衰减速度的曲线(d、e、f、g)发生了明显的变化。
再次参考图17，图17中的曲线d表示遮光层31的材料为吸光材料，亚像素P的长度为80μm且开口部310的长度为90μm时，绿色亚像素的亮度衰减速度的曲线；曲线e表示遮光层31的材料为金属材料，亚像素P的长度为80μm且开口部310的长度为90μm时，绿色亚像素的亮度衰减速度的曲 线；曲线f表示遮光层31的材料为金属材料，亚像素P的长度为80μm且开口部310的长度为80μm时，绿色亚像素的亮度衰减速度的曲线；曲线g表示遮光层31的材料为吸光材料，亚像素P的长度为80μm且开口部310的长度为80μm时，绿色亚像素的亮度衰减速度的曲线。可以看出，在遮光层31的材料为金属材料或者为吸光材料的情况下，通过改变遮光层31的对应绿色亚像素的开口部310的长度，均可以改变绿色亚像素的亮度衰减速度；相应的，也可以通过改变遮光层31对应的红色亚像素的开口部310的长度和蓝色亚像素的开口部310的长度，使得红色亚像素的亮度衰减速度、绿色亚像素的亮度衰减速度以及蓝色亚像素的亮度衰减速度相接近，从而可以改善大视角下色偏的问题。
如图18所示，图18为CIExy色度图，以绿色亚像素为例进行示意。曲线d表示遮光层31的材料为吸光材料，亚像素P的长度为80μm且开口部310的长度为90μm时，绿色亚像素的光谱曲线图；曲线e表示遮光层31的材料为金属材料，亚像素P的长度为80μm且开口部310的长度为90μm时，绿色亚像素的光谱曲线图；曲线f表示遮光层31的材料为金属材料，亚像素P的长度为80μm且开口部310的长度为80μm时，绿色亚像素的光谱曲线图；曲线g表示遮光层31的材料为吸光材料，亚像素P的长度为80μm且开口部310的长度为80μm时，绿色亚像素的光谱曲线图。由此可以看出，显示面板3包括遮光层31的情况下，并且遮光层31的材料为金属材料或者为吸光材料，以及绿色亚像素所对应的开口部310的大小不同时，与显示面板3不包括遮光层31时的绿色亚像素的色度图的光谱曲线相接近，因此可以得出，本公开实施例中在亚像素P远离衬底30一侧设置遮光层31，遮光层31包括多个开口部310，且一个开口部310对应一个亚像素P时，亚像素P发出的光的光谱的变化很小(几乎没有变化)，即亚像素P发出的光线的颜色深度的变化很小，因此，本公开实施例能够改善大视角下的色偏问题的前提下，不会影响亚像素P发出的光线的光谱，从而提高了显示面板3的色度均一性。
本公开的另一些实施例提供一种显示面板的制备方法，参见图19和图20，该显示面板的制备方法包括:
S101、在衬底30上设置重复单元300。
具体的，参见图20中的(a)，衬底30上具有阵列排布的至少两个(例如，可以是多个)重复单元300，一个重复单元300包括多个亚像素P，多个亚像素P包括第一颜色亚像素P1和第二颜色亚像素P2，随视角的增大，第一颜色亚像素P1的亮度衰减速度大于第二颜色亚像素P2的亮度衰减速度。
继续参见图20中的(a)，重复单元300中还可以包括第三颜色亚像素P3，第三亚像素P3的亮度衰减速度小于第一颜色亚像素P1的亮度衰减速度，且大于第二颜色亚像素P2的衰减速度。
示例性地，在形成了重复单元300后还可以包括在重复单元300远离衬底30的一侧形成封装层37以密封重复单元300中的各亚像素P，避免其被水汽侵入而损坏，对产品寿命造成不利影响。具体的，对于封装层37包括的封装薄膜的层数不进行限定，可以是封装层37包括一层封装薄膜，也可以是封装层37包括层叠设置的两层或两层以上封装薄膜。例如，封装层37包括依次层叠设置的三层封装薄膜，示例的，参见图20中的(b)，三层封装薄膜分别为第一封装薄膜371、第二封装薄膜372以及设置于第一封装薄膜371和第二封装薄膜372之间的第三封装薄膜373，第三封装薄膜373的材料为有机材料，第一封装薄膜371和第二封装薄膜372的材料为无机材料。
S102、在重复单元300远离衬底30的一侧设置遮光层31。
结合上述实施例，由于亚像素P的材料以及所处的微腔环境不同，因此每个器件中的各个亚像素P的亮度随视角衰减的曲线会不一致。因而在形成封装层37后，参见图20中的(c)，可以先测得显示器件中各个不同颜色的亚像素P的亮度随视角衰减的曲线，然后根据测试结果调节对应的开口部310的长度，最后制作制备遮光层31时所需要的掩膜板，以形成该器件所需要的遮光层31。遮光层31的材料可以为吸光材料，也可以为金属材料，本公开实施例对此不作限定。遮光层31包括多个开口部310，沿着衬底30的厚度方向上，一个亚像素3001对应一个开口部310，每个开口部310露出开口部310对应的亚像素P的至少一部分，且3001在衬底30上的正投影位于与3001对应的开口部310在衬底30上的正投影以内。其中，多个开口部310包括与第一颜色亚像素P1对应的第一开口部3101、与第二颜色亚像素P2对应的第二开口部3102，沿第一方向，第一开口部3101的长度与第一颜色亚像素P1中第一开口部3101露出部分的长度的差值大于第二开口部3102的长度与第二颜色亚像素P2中第二开口部3102露出部分的长度的差值，第一方向为水平方向或竖直方向。
示例性地，在重复单元300还包括第三颜色亚像素P3的情况下，多个开口部310还包括与第三颜色亚像素P3对应的第三开口部3103，沿第一方向，第三开口部3103的长度与第三颜色亚像素P3中第三开口部3103露出部分的长度的差值小于第一开口部3101的长度与第一颜色亚像素P1中第一开口部3101露出部分的长度的差值，且大于第二开口部3102的长度与第二颜色亚像 素P2中第二开口部3102露出部分的长度的差值。
示例性地，当遮光层31的材料为金属材料时，形成遮光层31的方法例如可以为磁控溅射(Sputter)，该方法制备遮光层31所需的时间较短，同时能够节省材料，有利于控制和优化生产成本。
由上述制备方法中制备得到的显示面板中各膜层的材料和形状、以及相互之间的位置关系均可以参考上述介绍显示面板的实施例，且能够产生相同的技术效果，在此不再赘述。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种显示面板，包括：
    衬底；
    设置于所述衬底上阵列分布的至少两个重复单元，一个重复单元包括多个亚像素，多个亚像素包括第一颜色亚像素和第二颜色亚像素，随视角的增大，所述第一颜色亚像素的亮度衰减速度大于所述第二颜色亚像素的亮度衰减速度；
    设置在所述至少两个重复单元远离所述衬底的一侧的遮光层，所述遮光层包括多个开口部，沿着所述衬底的厚度方向上，一个亚像素对应一个开口部，所述开口部露出所述开口部对应的亚像素的至少一部分；
    其中，所述多个开口部包括：与所述第一颜色亚像素对应的第一开口部、与所述第二颜色亚像素对应的第二开口部，沿第一方向，所述第一开口部的长度与所述第一颜色亚像素中所述第一开口部露出部分的长度的差值大于所述第二开口部的长度与所述第二颜色亚像素中所述第二开口部露出部分的长度的差值，所述第一方向为水平方向或竖直方向。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的显示面板，其中，
    第一开口长度与第一发光长度的比值大于第二开口长度与第二发光长度的比值，其中，所述第一开口长度为沿所述第一方向所述第一开口部的长度，所述第一发光长度为沿所述第一方向所述第一颜色亚像素中所述第一开口部露出部分的长度，所述第二开口长度为沿所述第一方向所述第二开口部的长度，所述第二发光长度为沿所述第一方向所述第二颜色亚像素中所述第二开口部露出部分的长度。
  3. 根据权利要求1～2中任一项所述的显示面板，其中，
    沿第二方向，所述第一开口部的长度与所述第一颜色亚像素中所述第一开口部露出部分的长度的差值大于所述第二开口部的长度与所述第二颜色亚像素中所述第二开口部露出部分的长度的差值；所述第一方向与所述第二方向垂直。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的显示面板，其中，
    第三开口长度与第三发光长度的比值大于第四开口长度与第四发光长度的比值，其中，所述第三开口长度为沿第二方向所述第一开口部的长度，所述第三发光长度为沿所述第二方向所述第一颜色亚像素中所述第一开口部露出部分的长度，所述第四开口长度为沿所述第二方向所述第二开口部的长度，所述第四发光长度为沿所述第二方向所述第二颜色亚像素中所述第二开口部露出部分的长度。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的显示面板，其中，
    所述多个亚像素还包括：第三颜色亚像素；第三颜色亚像素的亮度衰减速度小于所述第一颜色亚像素的亮度衰减速度，且大于所述第二颜色亚像素的亮度衰减速度；
    所述多个开口部还包括：与所述第三颜色亚像素对应的第三开口部；沿所述第一方向，所述第三开口部的长度与所述第三颜色亚像素中的所述第三开口部露出部分的长度的差值小于所述第一开口部的长度与所述第一颜色亚像素中所述第一开口部露出部分的长度的差值，且大于所述第二开口部的长度与所述第二颜色亚像素中所述第二开口露出部分的长度的差值。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的显示面板，其中，
    第五开口长度与第五发光长度的比值小于第一开口长度与第一发光长度的比值，且大于第二开口长度与第二发光长度的比值；
    所述第一开口长度为沿所述第一方向所述第一开口部的长度，所述第一发光长度为沿所述第一方向所述第一颜色亚像素中所述第一开口部露出部分的长度，所述第二开口长度为沿所述第一方向所述第二开口部的长度，所述第二发光长度为沿所述第一方向所述第二颜色亚像素中所述第二开口部露出部分的长度，所述第五开口长度为沿所述第一方向所述第三开口部的长度，所述第五发光长度为沿所述第一方向所述第三颜色亚像素中所述第三开口部露出部分的长度。
  7. 根据权利要求5～6中任一项所述的显示面板，其中，
    第六开口长度与第六发光长度的比值小于第三开口长度与第三发光 长度的比值，且大于第四开口长度与第四发光长度的比值；
    所述第三开口长度为沿第二方向所述第一开口部的长度，所述第三发光长度为沿所述第二方向所述第一颜色亚像素中所述第一开口部露出部分的长度，所述第四开口长度为沿所述第二方向所述第二开口部的长度，所述第四发光长度为沿所述第二方向所述第二颜色亚像素中所述第二开口部露出部分的长度，所述第六开口长度为沿所述第二方向所述第三开口部的长度，所述第六发光长度为沿所述第二方向所述第三颜色亚像素中所述第三开口部露出部分的长度；
    所述第一方向与所述第二方向垂直。
  8. 根据权利要求1～7中任一项所述的显示面板，其中，
    一个亚像素在所述衬底上的正投影位于所述亚像素对应的开口部在所述衬底上的正投影以内。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的显示面板，其中，
    所述开口部在所述衬底上的正投影的边界与所述亚像素在所述衬底上的正投影的边界具有环形间隙。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的显示面板，其中，
    所述亚像素具有相互平行第一边沿和第二边沿；
    所述环形间隙包括：第一子间隙和第二子间隙，所述第一子间隙为所述第一边沿在所述衬底上的正投影与所述开口部在所述衬底上的正投影的边界之间的间隙，所述第二子间隙为所述第二边沿在所述衬底上的正投影与所述开口部在所述衬底上的正投影的边界之间的间隙；
    所述第一子间隙和所述第二子间隙的宽度处处相等。
  11. 根据权利要求1～10中任一项所述的显示面板，其中，所述遮光层的材料为吸光材料，所述吸光材料具有厚度D1；0.1μm≤D1≤1.5μm；
    或者，
    所述遮光层的材料为金属材料，所述金属材料具有厚度D2；10nm≤D2≤1000nm。
  12. 根据权利要求1～11中任一项所述的显示面板，其中，所述遮光层还包括透明图案；所述透明图案填充于所述开口部中。
  13. 根据权利要求1～12中任一项所述的显示面板，其中，一亚像素包括一个发光部。
  14. 根据权利要求1～13中任一项所述的显示面板，还包括：
    封装层，所述遮光层设置于所述封装层远离所述衬底的一侧。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的显示面板，其中，
    所述封装层包括第一封装薄膜、第二封装薄膜和设置在所述第一封装薄膜和第二封装薄膜之间的第三封装薄膜；
    所述第三封装薄膜的厚度大于所述第一封装薄膜和所述第二封装薄膜的厚度。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的显示面板，其中，
    所述第三封装薄膜的厚度为6～12μm，折射率为1.45～1.65。
  17. 一种显示装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求1～16中任一项所述的显示面板。
  18. 一种显示面板的制备方法，包括：
    在衬底上设置阵列分布的至少两个重复单元，一个重复单元包括多个亚像素，多个亚像素包括第一颜色亚像素和第二颜色亚像素，随视角的增大，所述第一颜色亚像素的亮度衰减速度大于所述第二颜色亚像素的亮度衰减速度；
    在所述至少两个重复单元远离所述衬底的一侧设置遮光层，所述遮光层包括多个开口部，沿着所述衬底的厚度方向上，一个亚像素对应一个开口部，所述开口部露出所述开口部对应的亚像素的至少一部分；
    其中，所述多个开口部包括：与所述第一颜色亚像素对应的第一开口部、与所述第二颜色亚像素对应的第二开口部，沿第一方向，所述第一开口部的长度与所述第一颜色亚像素中所述第一开口部露出部分的长度的差值大于所述第二开口部的长度与所述第二颜色亚像素中所述第二开口部露出部分的长 度的差值，所述第一方向为水平方向或竖直方向。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的显示面板的制备方法，其中，所述在所述至少两个重复单元远离所述衬底的一侧设置遮光层包括：
    在所述至少两个重复单元远离所述衬底的一侧通过磁控溅射法形成所述遮光层。
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