WO2021244439A1 - 网络性能的测量方法、装置、设备、系统及存储介质 - Google Patents

网络性能的测量方法、装置、设备、系统及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021244439A1
WO2021244439A1 PCT/CN2021/096904 CN2021096904W WO2021244439A1 WO 2021244439 A1 WO2021244439 A1 WO 2021244439A1 CN 2021096904 W CN2021096904 W CN 2021096904W WO 2021244439 A1 WO2021244439 A1 WO 2021244439A1
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Prior art keywords
measurement
network device
information
message
network
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PCT/CN2021/096904
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周天然
宋跃忠
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to KR1020227043381A priority Critical patent/KR20230009960A/ko
Priority to EP21816688.2A priority patent/EP4149058A4/en
Publication of WO2021244439A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021244439A1/zh
Priority to US18/074,004 priority patent/US20230102193A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/10—Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/04—Network management architectures or arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/34—Signalling channels for network management communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/50—Testing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/06—Generation of reports
    • H04L43/065—Generation of reports related to network devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0823—Errors, e.g. transmission errors
    • H04L43/0829—Packet loss
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0852—Delays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0852—Delays
    • H04L43/0864—Round trip delays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0852—Delays
    • H04L43/087—Jitter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0876—Network utilisation, e.g. volume of load or congestion level
    • H04L43/0894—Packet rate

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to methods, devices, equipment, systems, and storage media for measuring network performance.
  • This application provides a network performance measurement method, device, equipment, system, and storage medium to solve the problems provided by related technologies.
  • the technical solutions are as follows:
  • a method for measuring network performance includes: the first network device sends a first active measurement protocol message to the second network device, and the first network device sends a first active measurement protocol message to the second network device.
  • An active measurement protocol message includes measurement indication information, the measurement indication information is used to instruct a measurement device on a forward path to measure network performance, and the forward path is a forwarding path of the first active measurement protocol message, so The first network device and the second network device are two ends of the forward path, and the measurement device on the forward path includes at least one intermediate device on the forward path.
  • the measurement indication information is carried through the first active measurement protocol message, thereby instructing the measurement device on the forward path to measure network performance, and the measurement device can be an intermediate device on the forward path, thus realizing an intermediate device measurement network Performance makes the range of nodes for measuring network performance more comprehensive, and the acquired measurement information is also more comprehensive, which can adapt to the needs of large-scale networks for performance data collection.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes a segment list
  • the segment list is used to indicate the forward path
  • the measurement indication information includes the forward path in the segment list.
  • the segment identifier can be used to instruct the corresponding intermediate device to measure network performance.
  • a part of the intermediate device can be designated as the measurement device on the forward path, which improves flexibility.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes an IOAM header of in-band operation, maintenance and management IOAM, the measurement indication information is included in the IOAM header, and the measurement on the forward path
  • the device includes an intermediate device with IOAM measurement capability on the forward path.
  • the IOAM header can be used to instruct the intermediate device with IOAM measurement enabled on the forward path to measure the network performance.
  • the measurement indication information includes first indication information and second indication information
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes an IOAM header and a segment list
  • the first indication information is included in the In the IOAM header
  • the segment list is used to indicate the forward path
  • the second indication information is included in the segment identifier corresponding to the measuring device on the forward path in the segment list.
  • the measurement indication information includes not only the first indication information in the IOAM header, but also the second indication information in the segment identifier corresponding to the measuring device on the forward path in the segment list, it can be indicated by the segment identifier and the IOAM header.
  • the corresponding intermediate device with IOAM measurement enable measures network performance.
  • the method further includes:
  • the first network device receives a second message sent by the second network device, where the second message includes a first measurement obtained by a measurement device on the forward path measuring network performance according to the measurement indication information information.
  • the second message By receiving the second message sent by the second network device, since the second message includes the first measurement information obtained by the measuring device on the forward path to measure the network performance according to the measurement indication information, it is possible to implement the pre-collection by the first network device.
  • the first measurement information measured by the measurement device on the path.
  • the second message is a reflection test message of the first active measurement protocol message
  • the second message further includes reverse indication information, and the reverse indication information Used to instruct a measuring device on a reverse path to measure network performance, where the reverse path is the forwarding path of the second packet, and the second network device and the first network device are the components of the reverse path
  • the measuring device on the reverse path includes at least one intermediate device on the reverse path.
  • the reverse indication information included in the second message is used to instruct the measuring device on the reverse path to measure network performance, so that the first network device can collect the measurement information measured by the measuring device on the reverse path.
  • the measurement equipment on the reverse path is the same as the measurement equipment on the forward path, or the measurement equipment on the reverse path is different from the measurement equipment on the forward path.
  • the measurement equipment on the reverse path is the same or different from the measurement equipment on the forward path, the measurement equipment on the two measurement paths can be flexibly selected, which improves the flexibility of collecting network performance measurement information.
  • the second message further includes second measurement information obtained by a measurement device on the reverse path that measures network performance according to the reverse direction indication information.
  • the second measurement information is included in the reverse type length value field of the second packet.
  • the method further includes:
  • the first network device sends the first measurement information to the control device.
  • the first active measurement protocol message further includes a measurement type identifier, and the measurement type identifier is used to indicate the type of network performance measured by the measurement device on the forward path.
  • the measurement type identifier is used to indicate the type of network performance measured by the measurement device on the forward path, so that the measurement device on the forward path can clarify the type of network performance measured, so as to realize the collection of measurement information of the corresponding type of network performance.
  • the type of network performance includes one or more of the following: delay information, jitter information, path information, packet loss information, and bandwidth information.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes a simple two-way active measurement protocol STAMP message, a one-way active first measurement protocol OWAMP message, or a two-way active measurement protocol TWAMP message.
  • a method for measuring network performance includes: the third network device receives the first active measurement protocol sent by the first network device to the second network device Message, the first active measurement protocol message includes measurement indication information, the measurement indication information is used to instruct a measurement device on the forward path to measure network performance, and the forward path is the first active measurement protocol message
  • the forwarding path of the text, the first network device and the second network device are the two ends of the forward path, and the measuring device on the forward path includes at least one intermediate device on the forward path, And the measurement device on the forward path includes the third network device; the third network device measures the network performance according to the measurement instruction information to obtain the first measurement information; the third network device sends the first measurement information.
  • the first active measurement protocol message is received through the third network device. Since the first active measurement protocol message carries measurement indication information, it instructs the third network device on the forward path to measure network performance, and the third network device It is an intermediate device on the forward path. Therefore, the intermediate device can measure network performance, making the range of nodes for measuring network performance more complete, and the measurement information obtained is more comprehensive, which can adapt to the performance data collection of large-scale networks. need.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes a segment list, and the segment list is used to indicate the forward path;
  • the third network device measuring network performance according to the measurement indication information to obtain first measurement information includes:
  • the third network device measures network performance to obtain the first measurement information.
  • the third network device determines that the destination address field of the first active measurement protocol packet includes the local segment identifier, and the local segment identifier includes the measurement After the instruction information, the third network device can be triggered to measure network performance.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes an IOAM header of in-band operation, maintenance and management IOAM, and the measurement indication information is included in the IOAM header;
  • the method further includes: the third network device obtains the measurement instruction information from the IOAM header, and the third network device is a device with IOAM measurement enabled.
  • the IOAM header can be used to instruct the third network device with IOAM measurement enabled on the forward path to measure the network performance.
  • the measurement indication information includes first indication information and second indication information
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes an IOAM header and a segment list
  • the first indication information is included in the IOAM header
  • the segment list is used for For indicating the forward path
  • the second indication information is included in the segment identifier corresponding to the measuring device on the forward path in the segment list;
  • the method further includes: the third network device obtains the first indication information from the IOAM header; and the third network device obtains the segment identifier from the third network device Obtain the second instruction information.
  • the measurement indication information includes not only the first indication information in the IOAM header, but also the second indication information in the segment identifier corresponding to the measuring device on the forward path in the segment list, it can be indicated by the segment identifier and the IOAM header.
  • the third network device with IOAM measurement enable measures network performance.
  • the sending of the first measurement information by the third network device includes:
  • the third network device adds the first measurement information to the first active measurement protocol message, and sends the first active measurement protocol message carrying the first measurement information to the second network device Arts.
  • the forward direction collection by the second network device is realized.
  • the first measurement information is carried in a node data list or a forward type length value field of the first active measurement protocol message.
  • the sending of the first measurement information by the third network device includes:
  • the third network device sends the first measurement information to the control device.
  • the control device By sending the first measurement information to the control device, the collection of the first measurement information by the control device is realized.
  • the method further includes:
  • the third network device receives the reflection test message of the first active measurement protocol message sent by the second network device to the first network device, where the reflection test message includes reverse indication information, and the reflection test message includes reverse indication information.
  • the direction indication information is used to instruct the measuring device on the reverse path to measure network performance.
  • the reverse path is the forwarding path of the second packet, and the second network device and the first network device are the reverse path. To both ends of the path, the measurement device on the reverse path includes the third network device;
  • the third network device measures network performance according to the reverse indication information to obtain second measurement information
  • the third network device sends the second measurement information.
  • the reflection test message includes the first measurement information.
  • the first measurement information is included in an IOAM type length value field or a forward type length value field of the reflection test message.
  • the measurement equipment on the reverse path is the same as the measurement equipment on the forward path, or the measurement equipment on the reverse path is different from the measurement equipment on the forward path.
  • the measurement equipment on the reverse path is the same or different from the measurement equipment on the forward path, the measurement equipment on the two measurement paths can be flexibly selected, which improves the flexibility of collecting network performance measurement information.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes a measurement type identifier
  • the measurement type identifier is used to indicate the type of network performance measured by the measurement device on the forward path, and the network
  • the type of performance includes one or more of the following: delay information, jitter information, path information, packet loss information, and bandwidth information.
  • the measurement type identifier is used to indicate the type of network performance measured by the measurement device on the forward path, so that the third network device on the forward path can clarify the type of network performance measured, so as to collect the measurement information of the corresponding type of network performance .
  • a method for measuring network performance includes: the second network device receives a first active measurement protocol message sent by the first network device, and The first active measurement protocol message includes measurement indication information, the measurement indication information is used to instruct a measurement device on a forward path to measure network performance, and the forward path is a forwarding path of the first active measurement protocol message, The first network device and the second network device are two ends of the forward path, and the measuring device on the forward path includes at least one intermediate device on the forward path; the first active The measurement protocol message also includes first measurement information obtained by the measurement device on the forward path measuring network performance according to the measurement indication information; the second network device sends the first measurement information.
  • the first active measurement protocol message is received through the second network device. Since the first active measurement protocol message carries measurement indication information, the measurement device on the forward path is instructed to measure network performance, and the first active measurement protocol message The text includes the first measurement information obtained by the measuring device on the forward path to measure the network performance according to the measurement instruction information. Therefore, the intermediate device is realized to measure the network performance, so that the range of nodes for measuring the network performance is more complete, and the measurement information obtained is also greater. To be comprehensive, and to be able to adapt to the requirements of large-scale networks for performance data collection.
  • the sending of the first measurement information by the second network device includes: the second network device sending a second message to the first network device, the second message Including the first measurement information.
  • the second packet is sent to the first network device through the second network device. Since the second packet includes the first measurement information obtained by the measurement device on the forward path to measure the network performance according to the measurement indication information, it can be implemented by the first network The device collects the first measurement information obtained by the measurement device on the forward path.
  • the first measurement information is included in the node data list of the first active measurement protocol message, and the first measurement information is included in the IOAM type length of the second message.
  • the sending of a second message by the second network device to the first network device includes:
  • the second network device copies the first measurement information from the node data list to the IOAM type length value field.
  • the first measurement information is included in the forward type length value field of the first active measurement protocol message, and the first measurement information is included in the length value field of the second message.
  • the forward type length value field In the forward type length value field;
  • the sending of a second message by the second network device to the first network device includes:
  • the second network device copies the first measurement information from the forward type length value field of the first active measurement protocol message to the forward type length value field of the second message.
  • the second message is a reflection test message of the first active measurement protocol message
  • the second message further includes reverse indication information, and the reverse indication information Used to instruct a measuring device on a reverse path to measure network performance, where the reverse path is the forwarding path of the second packet, and the second network device and the first network device are the components of the reverse path
  • the measuring device on the reverse path includes at least one intermediate device on the reverse path.
  • the reverse indication information included in the second message is used to instruct the measuring device on the reverse path to measure network performance, so that the first network device can collect the measurement information measured by the measuring device on the reverse path.
  • the first measurement information is included in the type length value field of the second message.
  • the first measurement information can be fed back through the second message.
  • the sending of the first measurement information by the second network device includes: the second network device sending the first measurement information to a control device.
  • the second active measurement protocol message further includes third measurement information obtained by the second network device by measuring network performance according to the measurement indication information;
  • the method also includes:
  • the second network device sends the third measurement information.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes a simple two-way active measurement protocol STAMP message, a one-way active first measurement protocol OWAMP message, or a two-way active measurement protocol TWAMP message.
  • the fourth aspect is a network performance measurement device that implements the first aspect or any one of the possible implementation methods of the first aspect.
  • the measurement device includes a unit for executing the method in the first aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect.
  • a network performance measurement device executes the second aspect or any one of the possible implementation methods of the second aspect.
  • the measurement device includes a unit for executing the second aspect or the method in any one of the possible implementation manners of the second aspect.
  • the sixth aspect is a network performance measurement device, which implements the third aspect or any one of the possible implementation methods of the third aspect.
  • the measurement device includes a unit for executing the third aspect or the method in any one of the possible implementation manners of the third aspect.
  • a network device in a seventh aspect, includes: a memory and a processor, the memory stores at least one instruction, and the at least one instruction is loaded and executed by the processor to implement any one of the above The described network performance measurement method.
  • processors there are one or more processors, and one or more memories.
  • the memory may be integrated with the processor, or the memory and the processor may be provided separately.
  • the memory can be a non-transitory (non-transitory) memory, such as a read only memory (ROM), which can be integrated with the processor on the same chip, or can be set in different On the chip, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the type of the memory and the setting mode of the memory and the processor.
  • ROM read only memory
  • a communication device which includes a transceiver, a memory, and a processor.
  • the transceiver, the memory, and the processor communicate with each other through an internal connection path, the memory is used to store instructions, and the processor is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory to control the transceiver to receive signals and control the transceiver to send signals And when the processor executes the instructions stored in the memory, the processor is caused to execute the first aspect or the method in any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect.
  • a communication device which includes a transceiver, a memory, and a processor.
  • the transceiver, the memory, and the processor communicate with each other through an internal connection path, the memory is used to store instructions, and the processor is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory to control the transceiver to receive signals and control the transceiver to send signals And when the processor executes the instructions stored in the memory, the processor is caused to execute the second aspect or the method in any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • a communication device which includes a transceiver, a memory, and a processor.
  • the transceiver, the memory, and the processor communicate with each other through an internal connection path, the memory is used to store instructions, and the processor is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory to control the transceiver to receive signals and control the transceiver to send signals , And when the processor executes the instructions stored in the memory, the processor is caused to execute the third aspect or the method in any possible implementation manner of the third aspect.
  • a system for measuring network performance includes a first network device, a second network device, and a third network device;
  • the first network device is configured to execute the method described in the first aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect
  • the second network device is configured to execute the third aspect or the method of the third aspect
  • the third network device is configured to execute the method described in the second aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the second aspect.
  • a computer-readable storage medium is provided, and at least one instruction is stored in the storage medium, and the instruction is loaded and executed by a processor to implement any one of the foregoing network performance measurement methods.
  • a computer program includes: computer program code, when the computer program code is run by a computer, the computer executes the methods in the above aspects .
  • a chip including a processor, configured to call and execute instructions stored in the memory from a memory, so that a communication device installed with the chip executes the methods in the foregoing aspects.
  • another chip including: an input interface, an output interface, a processor, and a memory.
  • the input interface, the output interface, the processor, and the memory are connected by an internal connection path, and the The processor is configured to execute the code in the memory, and when the code is executed, the processor is configured to execute the methods in the foregoing aspects.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an implementation environment provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for measuring network performance provided by an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the information structure of OAM provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • 4A is a schematic diagram of the structure of an IOAM header provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic structural diagram of a node data list provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram of the structure of a type length value field provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram of the structure of a type length value field provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5C is a schematic diagram of the structure of a type length value field provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for measuring network performance provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for measuring network performance provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram of the structure of a type length value field provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8B is a schematic structural diagram of a type length value field provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8C is a schematic structural diagram of a type length value field provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 9 is an interactive schematic diagram of a method for measuring network performance provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 10 is an interactive schematic diagram of a method for measuring network performance provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 11 is an interactive schematic diagram of a method for measuring network performance provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 12 is an interactive schematic diagram of a method for measuring network performance provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 13 is an interactive schematic diagram of a method for measuring network performance provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 14 is an interactive schematic diagram of a method for measuring network performance provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a message provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 16 is an interactive schematic diagram of a method for measuring network performance provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a network performance measurement device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a network performance measurement device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a network performance measurement device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a network performance measurement device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of a network performance measurement device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for measuring network performance, and the method can be applied to the implementation environment shown in FIG. 1.
  • the implementation environment includes multiple network devices.
  • the method provided in the embodiments of the present application can actively trigger a measurement device on a measurement path composed of multiple network devices to measure network performance.
  • the measurement device includes not only the head node and the tail node of the measurement path, but also at least one intermediate device. That is to say, the method provided by the embodiment of the present application can actively trigger the intermediate device to measure the network performance, thereby being able to collect more comprehensive network performance measurement information.
  • the network devices in the embodiments of the present application include but are not limited to routers, switches, servers, etc.
  • multiple network devices such as RT1, RT2, RT3, and RT5 shown in FIG. 1 are measurement devices on the measurement path to measure network performance
  • the servers are Server1 and Server2 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the implementation environment also includes control equipment.
  • the measurement information obtained by the measurement device to measure the network performance can not only be collected on the network device, but also be reported to the control device, which is collected and managed by the control device.
  • the method includes but is not limited to the following processes.
  • the first network device sends a first active measurement protocol message to the second network device.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes measurement indication information.
  • the measurement indication information is used to instruct the measurement device on the forward path to measure network performance.
  • the forward path is a forwarding path of the first active measurement protocol message, the first network device and the second network device are two ends of the forward path, and the measurement device on the forward path includes at least one intermediate device on the forward path.
  • the first network device may be a sender of the first active measurement protocol message
  • the second network device may be a reflector of the first active measurement protocol message
  • the first network device before the first network device sends the first active measurement protocol message to the second network device, the first network device obtains the first active measurement protocol message.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the manner in which the first network device obtains the first active measurement protocol message, including but not limited to the first network device generating the first active measurement protocol message.
  • the first network device is the head node on the forward path, and the information of the forward path may be pre-configured on the first network device.
  • the first network device is configured with the identification of each network device on the forward path, or the first network device is configured with the identification of the tail node of the forward path, and the first network device determines the identification according to the tail node identification. Calculate the forward path. In either case, the forward path is determined, and the first network device obtains the first active measurement protocol message to actively trigger the intermediate device as the first measurement device to measure the network performance.
  • the first active measurement protocol message is forwarded through the forward path, that is, the forward path may be a forwarding path of the first active measurement protocol message.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes but is not limited to a simple two-way active measurement protocol (STAMP) message, and one-way active measurement protocol (OWAMP). ) Message or two-way active measurement protocol (TWAMP) message.
  • STAMP simple two-way active measurement protocol
  • OWAMP one-way active measurement protocol
  • TWAMP two-way active measurement protocol
  • the measurement indication information is used to instruct the measurement equipment on the forward path to measure network performance
  • the measurement equipment on the forward path includes at least one intermediate equipment on the forward path, that is, the measurement indication information can be used to trigger The intermediate device measures the network performance.
  • the embodiment of this application does not limit the form of the measurement indication information, including but not limited to the following four situations.
  • Case 1 The measurement indication information is included in the segment identifier (segment identifier, SID) corresponding to the measurement device on the forward path in the segment list.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes a segment list
  • the segment list is used to indicate the forward path.
  • the segment list includes the segment identifier of the network device on the forward path. If the segment identifier of a certain network device on the forward path contains measurement indication information, the network device is the measurement device on the forward path. .
  • the segment identifier containing the measurement indication information may be a special type of segment identifier.
  • the segment identifier including measurement indication information may be a segment identifier including operation administration and maintenance (OAM) information.
  • the segment identifiers containing measurement indication information may be End.OP (OAM endpoint with punt) and End.OTP (OAM endpoint with timestamp and punt).
  • End.OP is an OAM type SID, used to implement time stamp and translation actions on an OAM message.
  • the End.OP is used to instruct the network device to send the first active measurement protocol message to the OAM process of the control plane after receiving the first active measurement protocol message.
  • the network device N sends the data packet to the OAM process.
  • End.OTP is used to indicate the OAM tail node that carries the timestamp and Punt, and is used to indicate that after receiving the first active measurement protocol message, send the first active measurement protocol message and the corresponding timestamp to the control plane OAM process. For example, when a network device N receives a data packet with a destination address of S and S is the local End.OTP SID, the network device N sends the data packet and the corresponding timestamp to the OAM process.
  • the identifier of which intermediate device is End.OP or End.OTP
  • it is used to instruct the intermediate device to measure network performance as a measurement device on the forward path. That is to say, in this case 1, when the identifiers of all intermediate devices on the forward path are End.OP or End.OTP, all intermediate devices on the forward path measure the network performance. If only some of the intermediate devices on the forward path are identified as End.OP or End.OTP, then some of the intermediate devices on the forward path measure the network performance.
  • the local OAM process further processes the data packet, which may involve processing protocol layers above IPv6.
  • IPv6 Internet packet explorer
  • traceroute traceroute
  • ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
  • UDP User Datagram Protocol
  • the segment identifier containing the measurement indication information may also be of other SID types. Its working mode is similar to the above-mentioned End.OP or End.OTP. Including but not limited to, when a routing network device receives a message, the corresponding upload operation will be triggered by the segment identifier containing the measurement indication information, such as constructing an ICMPv6OAM message to the source node device of the original message or sending some measurements
  • the (telemetry) information is provided to monitoring equipment and the like.
  • the OAM information corresponding to the segment identifier containing the measurement indication information is shown in FIG. 3 and includes 0-15 bits.
  • the 0th bit is used to indicate that the data packet is recorded, and the processing device creates a log entry, which reflects its creation time and also reflects the time when the data packet arrives.
  • the first bit is used to count data packets. For example, the processing device adds a counter to record the number of data packets.
  • the second bit is used to indicate the sending of ICMPv6OAM, and the processing device sends an ICMP OAM message to the source node device of the data packet according to the second bit, and the OAM message indicates the time when the packet occurs.
  • the third bit is used to indicate to send measurement information, and the processing device sends the measurement information to the monitoring device.
  • the measurement information includes the data packet and the arrival time of the data packet. Bits 4-15 are reserved fields.
  • Case 2 The measurement indication information is included in the IOAM header of the in-situ operation and maintenance management (In-situ OAM, IOAM).
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes the trace option header of IOAM.
  • the IOAM header is also called IOAM header.
  • the measurement device on the first measurement device includes the IOAM measurement device on the forward path. Capable intermediate equipment.
  • the measurement indication information is included in the IOAM header, and the entire IOAM header is used as the measurement indication information.
  • the IOAM mode supports the intermediate device to measure the network performance.
  • the IOAM header of the IOAM is added to the first active measurement protocol message to trigger the intermediate device on the measurement path to measure the network performance.
  • the intermediate device that receives the first active measurement protocol message and has measurement enabled can be used as a measurement device on the forward path to measure network performance, and the measurement result is
  • the first measurement information of may be carried in a node data list (node data list). For example, if the forward path includes three intermediate devices A, B, and C with measurement enabled, the intermediate devices A, B, and C are all used as measurement devices on the forward path.
  • Figure 4A shows the format of the IOAM header of IOAM.
  • the IOAM header includes a Namespace-ID field, a NodeLen field, a Flags field, a RemainingLen field, and an IOAM-Trace-Type field. And reserved (Reserved) field.
  • the content of the IOAM tracking type field is used to indicate the type of data carried in the node data list.
  • Figure 4B shows the format of the node data list.
  • the node data list is composed of multiple node data elements, namely node data list[0] to node data list[n].
  • the data element of each node is filled in by each measuring device on the forward path. The specific process will be introduced below.
  • the measurement indication information includes the first indication information and the second indication information, the first indication information is included in the IOAM header, and the second indication information is included in the segment identifier corresponding to the measuring device on the forward path in the segment list.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes an IOAM header and a segment list.
  • the segment list is used to indicate the forward path.
  • the segment list includes the segment identifiers of each network device on the forward path.
  • the first active measurement protocol message still includes the IOAM header, and the IOAM header includes the first indication information.
  • the role of the IOAM header in the third case is different.
  • the intermediate device with IOAM measurement enabled receives the first active measurement protocol message, and can trigger the measurement of network performance according to the IOAM header.
  • the difference from case two is that in case three, as a measurement device on the forward path, it not only needs to have IOAM measurement enable, but also needs to carry the segment identifier of the network device in the first active measurement protocol message. And the segment identifier includes the second indication information.
  • the first active measurement message includes an IOAM header
  • the forward path includes three intermediate devices A, B, and C with IOAM measurement enabled, but two intermediate devices A among the three intermediate devices with IOAM measurement enabled
  • the segment identifiers of and B include the second indication information, and the intermediate devices A and B on the forward path are used as measurement devices on the forward path, and the intermediate device C is not used as the measurement device on the forward path.
  • the measurement indication information is a specific identifier in the active measurement protocol message.
  • the measurement indication information may be a specific identifier included in a certain field in the header of the active measurement protocol message.
  • the intermediate device obtains the specific identifier from the active measurement protocol message, the intermediate device performs network performance measurement.
  • the first active measurement protocol message further includes a target field, and the target field is used to carry first measurement information.
  • the first measurement information is that the measurement device on the forward path measures the network according to the measurement indication information. Performance.
  • the target field may be a node data list in IOAM mode. That is, when the measurement indication information is the IOAM header in the IOAM mode, the first measurement information obtained by the measuring device to measure the network performance can be stored in the corresponding node data list.
  • the format of the node data list is shown in Figure 4B. It can be seen from Figure 4B that the node data list is composed of multiple node data elements, namely node data list[0] to node data list[n], where each node data element is filled in by each measuring device on the forward path. Specifically, each measurement device corresponds to a node data element in the node data list, and the first measurement information obtained by each measurement device is stored in the corresponding node data element.
  • the arrangement sequence of the node data elements corresponding to each measurement device in the node data list is the same as the arrangement sequence of each measurement device on the forward path.
  • the target field may be a type length value field, and the form of the type length value field includes but is not limited to the following two types.
  • the first type includes a type length value field, the type length value field includes at least one subtype length value field, and any subtype length value field in the at least one subtype length value field corresponds to a type of network Performance.
  • the length value field of any subtype is used to carry measurement information of the network performance of the corresponding type.
  • the type of network performance includes, but is not limited to, one or more types of delay information, jitter information, path information, packet loss information, and bandwidth information.
  • the first form of the target field regardless of whether the number of measurement devices on the forward path is one or more, and whether the first measurement information obtained by the measurement devices on the forward path to measure network performance is a type of network performance
  • the one type length value field includes at least one subtype length value field, and the number of the subtype length value field is not less than the number of network performance types.
  • the target field is the overall HBH OAM-related type length value ( A type length value, TLV) field.
  • the TLV field contains sub-TLVs corresponding to network performance types such as delay information and path information, and the measurement information of each type of network performance is carried in a sub-type length value field.
  • network information for network performance of the type of delay is carried in the subtype length value field corresponding to the delay (HBH delay)
  • the subtype length value field includes field length (length) and value (value).
  • network information for network performance of this type of path information is carried in a subtype length value field corresponding to path information (HBH path)
  • the subtype length value field includes a field length (length) and a value (value).
  • each subtype length value field has its own field length and value, and the length (LENGTH) in the length value field of this type is used to indicate the length of the entire type length value field.
  • the target field includes at least one type length value field, any type length value field in the at least one type length value field corresponds to a type of network performance, and any type length value field is used to carry the corresponding type of network performance Measurement information.
  • the first measurement information obtained by the measurement device on the forward path to measure network performance includes multiple types of network performance measurement information, then each type of network performance measurement information carries In one type length value field, network information of different types of network performance is carried in different type length value fields.
  • the target field is a TLV that extends multiple parallel network performance types such as delay information, path information, etc., and the measurement information of each type of network performance is carried in a type length Value field.
  • the measurement information for the network performance of the type of delay is carried in the type length value field corresponding to the delay (HBH delay), and the type length value field includes a field length (length) and a value (value).
  • measurement information for network performance of this type of path information is carried in a type length value field corresponding to path information (HBH path), and the type length value field includes a field length (length) and a value (value).
  • FIG. 5C is an example diagram of the delay TLV in the second target field format.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit it, and the intermediate device decides how to encapsulate the data according to the TLV type contained in the message.
  • the first active measurement protocol message further includes a measurement type identifier, and the measurement type identifier is used to indicate the type of network performance measured by the measurement device on the forward path.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the form of the measurement type identifier, nor does it limit the position where the measurement type identifier is carried in the first active measurement protocol message.
  • the first network device is the head node on the forward path, and the information of the forward path may be pre-configured on the first network device node. For example, if the first network device is configured with the identification of each node on the forward path, the first network device can determine that the tail node of the forward path is the second network device, so as to send the first active measurement to the second network device. Protocol message. Alternatively, the first network device is configured with the identification of the tail node of the forward path, and the first network device can determine the second network device according to the identification of the tail node, so as to send the first active measurement protocol message to the second network device .
  • the first network device uses the first active measurement protocol The message is sent to the next-hop intermediate device of the first network device on the forward path.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application carries measurement indication information through the first active measurement protocol message, thereby instructing the measurement device on the measurement path to measure network performance, and the measurement device may be an intermediate device on the measurement path. Therefore, It realizes that the intermediate device actively measures the network performance, so that the range of nodes for measuring network performance is more comprehensive, and the measurement information obtained is more comprehensive, which can adapt to the needs of large-scale network for performance data collection. And there are many ways to report measurement information, making the way of collecting measurement information more flexible.
  • the third network device executing the method as an example, the method for measuring network performance provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described.
  • the third network device is an intermediate device on the measurement path that needs to measure network performance.
  • the method includes but is not limited to the following processes.
  • the third network device receives a first active measurement protocol message sent by the first network device to the second network device, where the first active measurement protocol message includes measurement indication information, and the measurement indication information is used to indicate the measurement on the forward path
  • the equipment measures network performance.
  • the forward path is the forwarding path of the first active measurement protocol packet.
  • the first network equipment and the second network equipment are the two ends of the forward path.
  • the measurement equipment on the forward path includes the forward path. At least one intermediate device, and the measurement device on the forward path includes a third network device.
  • the third network device is the network device between the first network device and the second network device, and is an intermediate device on the forward path.
  • the first network device is the head node of the forward path
  • the second network device is the forward path.
  • the third network device may be a next-hop node device of the first network device, and the third network device directly receives the first active measurement protocol message from the first network device.
  • the third network device may not be the next hop node device of the first network device, and the first active measurement protocol message received by the third network device is forwarded by the intermediate device before the third network device The first active measurement protocol message sent by the first network device.
  • the embodiment of the present application takes the third network device as the measuring device on the forward path as an example for description.
  • the third network device measures network performance according to the measurement instruction information to obtain first measurement information, and sends the first measurement information.
  • the third network device Before the third network device measures network performance according to the measurement instruction information to obtain the first measurement information, it needs to obtain the measurement instruction information first. Since the measurement indication information in the first active measurement protocol message has different forms, there are also many ways for the third network device to obtain the measurement indication information, including but not limited to the following three situations.
  • the measurement indication information is included in the segment identifier corresponding to the measuring device on the forward path in the segment list.
  • the third network device determines that the destination address field of the first active measurement protocol message includes a local segment identifier, and the local segment identifier includes measurement indication information.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes a segment list
  • the segment list is used to indicate the forward path
  • the measurement indication information is included in the segment identifier corresponding to the measurement device on the forward path in the segment list.
  • this list of segments is carried in the first active measurement protocol message in the form of OAM information.
  • the segment identifier including the measurement indication information may be the segment identifier including OAM information.
  • the segment identifiers containing the measurement indication information may be End.OP and End.OTP.
  • the segment identifiers of the corresponding network devices on the forward path in the segment list are sequentially updated to the destination address (destination address, DA) of the IPv6 header of the first active measurement protocol message Field.
  • DA destination address
  • the network device on the forward path receives the first active measurement protocol message, if it finds that the segment identifier included in the DA field of the first active measurement protocol message is a local segment identifier, it will follow the local segment identifier
  • the corresponding instruction set processes the message. Therefore, the third network device can obtain the segment identifier of the third network device from the DA field of the first active measurement protocol message.
  • the third network device obtains measurement indication information from the segment identifier corresponding to the third network device, and the measurement indication information is used to indicate the third network
  • the device acts as a measuring device on the forward path to measure network performance.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes an IOAM header, and the measurement indication information is included in the IOAM header.
  • the third network device obtains measurement indication information from the IOAM header, and the third network device is a device with IOAM measurement enabled.
  • the third network device Since the first active measurement protocol message includes the IOAM header, and the third network device has IOAM measurement enabled, if the first active measurement protocol message does not carry a segment list, the third network device receives the first active measurement protocol message After the text, trigger the measurement of network performance.
  • Measurement indication information includes first indication information and second indication information.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes an IOAM header and a segment list.
  • the first indication information is included in the IOAM header.
  • the segment list is used to indicate the forward path.
  • the second indication information is included in the segment identifier corresponding to the measuring device on the forward path in the segment list.
  • the third network device obtains the first measurement indication information from the IOAM header; the third network device obtains the second measurement indication information from the segment identifier corresponding to the third network device.
  • the first measurement indication information is obtained from the IOAM header, and the second measurement is obtained from the segment identifier corresponding to the third network device in the segment list Indicating information, thereby triggering the third network device to measure network performance.
  • the measurement indication information is a specific identifier in the active measurement protocol message.
  • the measurement indication information may be a specific identifier included in a certain field in the header of the active measurement protocol message.
  • the intermediate device obtains the specific identifier from the active measurement protocol message, the intermediate device performs network performance measurement.
  • the third network device will be triggered to measure the network performance to obtain the first measurement information.
  • the first active measurement protocol message further includes a measurement type identifier, and the measurement type identifier is used to indicate the type of network performance measured by the measurement device on the forward path. Therefore, the manner in which the third network device measures the network performance according to the measurement indication information to obtain the first measurement information includes but is not limited to the manner in which the third network device measures the type of network performance indicated by the measurement measurement type identifier according to the measurement indication information to obtain the first measurement information. Measurement information.
  • the type of network performance includes, but is not limited to, one or more of delay information, jitter information, path information, packet loss information, and bandwidth information.
  • the delay information may be the delay information of the message inside a certain network device, or the delay information of the message on a certain network link.
  • the third network device measures the network performance in various detection methods for obtaining the above-mentioned multiple network performance types.
  • the measurement of the network performance by the third network device may mean that the third network device obtains the time stamp when the first active measurement protocol packet arrives at the device.
  • the third network device After the third network device obtains the first measurement information through measurement, it sends the first measurement information.
  • the manner in which the third network device sends the first measurement information includes: the third network device carries the first measurement information obtained by the measurement in a first active measurement protocol message, and sends the message to the second network device that carries the The first active measurement protocol message of the first measurement information.
  • the third network device carries the first measurement information obtained by the measurement in the node data list or the type length value field of the first active measurement protocol message.
  • the node data list includes the format shown in FIG. 4B
  • the type length value field includes the two forms shown in FIG. 5A or FIG. 5B
  • the third network device encapsulates the first measurement information according to the form of the type length value field.
  • the first active measurement protocol message does not include the type length value field used to carry the first measurement information, but includes a node data list
  • the third network device carries the first measurement information on the node of the first active measurement protocol message In the data list, the first active measurement protocol message carrying the first measurement information is sent to the second network device.
  • the third network device carries the first measurement information in the first active measurement protocol message. In the text type length value field, the first active measurement protocol message carrying the first measurement information is sent to the second network device.
  • the third network device can either carry the first measurement information in the first active measurement In the type length value field of the protocol message, the first measurement information may also be carried in the node data list of the first active measurement protocol message.
  • the third network device carries the first measurement information in the first active measurement protocol message and sends it to the second network device. 2.
  • the network device summarizes all the measurement information. Therefore, the third network device measures the network performance according to the measurement indication information. After sending the first measurement information, it also includes: receiving a second message sent by the second network device, the second message Including the first measurement information obtained by the first measurement device on the forward path measured according to the first active measurement protocol packet; sending the second packet to the first network device.
  • the method further includes: the first network device receives the second message sent by the second network device to the first network device, the second message It includes the first measurement information obtained by the first measurement device to measure the network performance according to the measurement instruction information.
  • the second message may be an ordinary message, and it is sufficient to carry all the first measurement information obtained by the first measurement device to measure the network performance according to the measurement indication information.
  • the second message is a reflection test message of the first active measurement protocol message, and the second message further includes reverse indication information, and the reverse indication information is used to indicate that there is a reverse path
  • the measuring device measures network performance, the reverse path is the forwarding path of the second packet, the second network device and the first network device are both ends of the reverse path, and the reverse path
  • the measuring device on the path includes at least one intermediate device on the reverse path. That is, the first network device is the sender of the first active measurement protocol packet, and the second network device is the reflector of the first active measurement protocol packet.
  • the second message is also an active measurement protocol message, for example, the second message is a second active measurement protocol message, and the content of the second active measurement protocol message is similar to that of the first active measurement protocol message, and also includes But it is not limited to the reverse indication information.
  • the reverse indication information is used to instruct the measurement device on the reverse path that receives the second active measurement protocol message to measure the network performance.
  • the measurement equipment on the reverse path is the same as the measurement equipment on the forward path, or the measurement equipment on the reverse path is different from the measurement equipment on the forward path.
  • the third network device After receiving the second active measurement protocol message, the third network device measures network performance, and carries the obtained second measurement information in the second active measurement protocol message and sends it along the reverse path.
  • the second active measurement protocol message includes not only the second measurement information obtained by the measuring device on the reverse path measuring network performance according to the reverse indication information, but also the measuring device on the forward path measuring according to the measurement indication information.
  • the first measurement information obtained from network performance.
  • the method further includes: the first network device receives the second active measurement protocol message sent by the second network device, and the second active measurement The protocol message includes the second measurement information obtained by the measurement device on the reverse path to measure the network performance.
  • the second active measurement protocol message further includes first measurement information obtained by the measurement device on the forward path to measure the network performance.
  • the method further includes: the first network device obtains a network performance measurement result according to the first measurement information. That is, the first network device performs statistics and management of network performance.
  • the second message is a second active measurement protocol message
  • the second active measurement protocol message includes the first measurement information and the second measurement information
  • the first network device may use the first measurement information and The second measurement information obtains the measurement result of the network performance.
  • the method further includes: the first network device sends the first measurement information to the control device.
  • the control device performs statistics and management of network performance.
  • the first network device may add the first measurement information to the The second measurement information is all sent to the control device.
  • the third network device may also directly report the first measurement information obtained by the measurement to the control device.
  • the third network device measures the network performance according to the measurement indication information to obtain the first measurement information, and sends the first measurement information.
  • One measurement information includes: first measurement information obtained by measuring network performance according to measurement instruction information, and sending the first measurement information to the control device.
  • each measuring device does not transmit the first measurement information obtained by measurement to the next hop until the tail node, which is summarized by the tail node, but is reported separately to the control device by each measurement device.
  • the method used by the third network device to send the first measurement information is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the third network device after the third network device measures the second measurement information, it can also directly report the second measurement information to the control device, that is, each measurement device does not forward the measured second measurement information to the next hop. It is transmitted to the tail node, but is reported to the control device separately by each measuring device.
  • the method used by the third network device to send the second measurement information is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application carries measurement indication information through the first active measurement protocol message, thereby instructing the measurement device on the forward path to measure network performance, and the measurement device is an intermediate device on the forward path. , Realizes that the intermediate device actively measures the network performance, so that the measurement range of the network performance is more complete, and the obtained measurement information is also more comprehensive, which can adapt to the needs of large-scale networks for performance data collection. And there are many ways to report measurement information, making the way of collecting measurement information more flexible.
  • the method provided in the embodiment of the present application can also implement measurement on the round-trip path, and the measurement method is more flexible and comprehensive.
  • the method for measuring network performance includes but is not limited to the following processes.
  • the second network device receives a first active measurement protocol packet sent by the first network device.
  • the second network device is the tail node on the forward path, and the first active measurement protocol message sent by the first network device received by the second network device can be forwarded by the intermediate device. Since the first active measurement protocol message includes measurement indication information, the measurement indication information is used to instruct the measurement device on the forward path to measure network performance, and therefore the measurement device on the forward path measures the network performance according to the measurement indication information.
  • the measurement device on the forward path includes at least one intermediate device on the forward path.
  • the first active measurement protocol message also includes first measurement information obtained by the measurement device on the forward path to measure network performance according to the measurement indication information.
  • the network device is the head node of the forward path, and the second network device is the tail node of the forward path.
  • the second network device can obtain the first active measurement protocol message after receiving the first active measurement protocol message.
  • One measurement information can be obtained.
  • the second network device sends the first measurement information.
  • the second network device After acquiring the first measurement information measured by the measurement device on the forward path, the second network device sends the first measurement information.
  • the methods for sending the first measurement information include but are not limited to the following two methods.
  • the first type the second network device carries the first measurement information in the second message, and sends the second message to the first network device.
  • the second message is a normal message, which can carry first measurement information obtained by measuring network performance by all measurement devices on the forward path according to the measurement indication information.
  • the second message is also an active measurement protocol message.
  • the first network device is the sender of the first active measurement protocol message
  • the second network device is the reflector of the first active measurement protocol message
  • Generate a reflected test packet (reflected test packet) of the first active measurement protocol packet that is, a second packet
  • the reverse path is a forwarding path of the reflection test packet
  • the second network device and the first network device are both ends of the reverse path
  • the measurement device on the reverse path includes all At least one intermediate device on the reverse path.
  • the second measurement information obtained by the measurement device on the reverse path to measure the network performance may be carried in the reflection test message.
  • the second active measurement protocol message includes not only the first measurement information obtained by the measurement device on the forward path from measuring network performance according to the measurement indication information, but also the measurement device on the reverse path according to the The reverse indication information is the second measurement information obtained by measuring the network performance.
  • the second measurement information can be carried in two ways.
  • the first type the second measurement information is carried in the node data list of the reflection test message.
  • the content of the reflection test message is similar to that of the first active measurement protocol message.
  • the reflection test message also includes the IOAM header and the node data list in the IOAM mode, and the formats of the IOAM header and the node data list are shown in Figure 4A and respectively. Shown in Figure 4B.
  • the first measurement information is carried in the IOAM type length value field of the reflection test message.
  • the format of the IOAM type length value field is shown in Figure 8A.
  • the IOAM type length value field includes an IOAM tracking data type (IOAM-Tracing-Data Type) field, a length (Length) field, and a node data copied list (node data copied list).
  • the node data copy list is used to store the copy content of the above node data list. That is to say, when the second network device generates a reflection test message, the content in the node data list of the first active test protocol message is copied to the node data copy list of the reflection test message, so that the reflection test message Carry the first measurement information. Furthermore, when the measurement network of the measurement device on the reverse path obtains the second measurement information, the second measurement information may be added to the node data list of the reflection test message. Therefore, the reflection test message carries the first measurement information and the second measurement information at the same time.
  • the second type the second measurement information is carried in the reverse type length value field of the reflection test message.
  • the fields used to carry measurement information in the active measurement message include two types: a forward type length value field and a reverse type length value field.
  • the forward type length value field is used to carry the first measurement information, and its format is as shown in FIG. 8B
  • the reverse type length value field is used to carry the second measurement information, and its format is as shown in FIG. 8C. That is to say, when the second network device generates the reflection test message, the content in the forward type length value field of the first active test protocol message is copied to the forward type length value field of the reflection test message, thereby The first measurement information is carried in the reflection test message. Furthermore, when the measurement network of the measurement device on the reverse path obtains the second measurement information, the second measurement information may be added to the reverse type length value field of the reflection test message. Therefore, the reflection test message carries the first measurement information and the second measurement information at the same time.
  • both the forward type length value field and the reverse type length value field may comply with the format of the above-mentioned target field, that is, the format shown in FIG. 5A to FIG. 5C.
  • the second network device sends the second active measurement protocol message to the third network device.
  • the third network device measures the network performance to obtain the second measurement information, and transfers the second active measurement protocol message to the third network device.
  • the measurement information is carried in the second active measurement protocol message and sent along the reverse path until it is sent to the first network device.
  • the second active measurement protocol message received by the first network device includes the first measurement information measured by all the measurement devices on the forward path and the second measurement information obtained by the measurement devices on the reverse path.
  • the measuring equipment on the forward path and the measuring equipment on the reverse path may be the same or different.
  • the second active measurement protocol message further includes third measurement information obtained by the second network device from measuring network performance according to the measurement indication information.
  • the second network device sends a second active measurement protocol packet to the next-hop intermediate device on the reverse path, and the second active measurement protocol packet includes the measurement value obtained by the measurement device on the forward path.
  • the first measurement information Each measuring device on the reverse path that receives the second active measurement protocol message triggers the measurement of network performance according to the reverse indication information, and carries the second measurement information obtained by the measurement in the second active measurement protocol message.
  • the second active measurement message may also include a target field, and the second measurement information is carried by the target field.
  • the target field For the introduction of the content of the target field, please refer to the relevant description in 201 above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the reverse indication information is similar to the measurement indication information, and may also be included in the segment list or the IOAM header, which is not repeated in this embodiment of the application.
  • the second type the second network device reports the first measurement information to the control device.
  • the second network device reports the first measurement information to the control device, and the control device performs network performance statistics and management.
  • the second network device may also report to the control device the third measurement information obtained by the second network device by measuring the network performance according to the measurement indication information.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application carries measurement indication information through the first active measurement protocol message, thereby instructing the measurement device on the measurement path to measure network performance, and the measurement device may be an intermediate device on the measurement path. Therefore, It realizes that the intermediate device actively measures the network performance, so that the range of nodes for measuring network performance is more comprehensive, and the measurement information obtained is more comprehensive, which can adapt to the needs of large-scale network for performance data collection. And there are many ways to send measurement information, making the way of collecting measurement information more flexible. In addition, the method provided in the embodiment of the present application can also implement measurement on the round-trip path, and the reported measurement information is more comprehensive.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for measuring network performance.
  • the method includes the following processes.
  • the first network device sends a first active measurement protocol message to the second network device.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes measurement indication information.
  • the measurement indication information is used to instruct the measurement device on the forward path to measure network performance.
  • the measurement device on the forward path includes at least one intermediate device on the forward path, the first network device is the head node of the forward path, and the second network device is the tail node of the forward path.
  • the third network device receives the first active measurement protocol packet sent by the first network device to the second network device.
  • the third network device measures network performance according to the measurement instruction information to obtain first measurement information, and the third network device carries the measured first measurement information in the first active measurement protocol message, and sends the packet to the second network device.
  • the first active measurement protocol message containing the first measurement information.
  • the second network device receives the first active measurement protocol packet sent by the first network device.
  • the second network device carries the first measurement information in a second packet, and sends the second packet to the first network device.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for measuring network performance.
  • the method includes the following processes.
  • a first network device sends a first active measurement protocol message to a second network device, where the first active measurement protocol message includes measurement indication information, and the measurement indication information is used to instruct the measurement device on the forward path to measure network performance,
  • the measurement device on the forward path includes at least one intermediate device on the forward path, the first network device is the head node of the forward path, and the second network device is the tail node of the forward path.
  • the third network device receives the first active measurement protocol message sent by the first network device to the second network device.
  • the third network device measures network performance according to the measurement instruction information to obtain first measurement information, and the third network device carries the first measurement information obtained by the measurement in the first active measurement protocol message, and sends the packet to the second network device.
  • the first active measurement protocol message containing the first measurement information.
  • the second network device receives the first active measurement protocol message sent by the first network device.
  • the second network device carries the first measurement information in a second message, and sends a second message to the first network device, where the second message is a reflection test message of the first active measurement protocol message.
  • the third network device receives a second packet sent by the second network device to the first network device.
  • the third network device measures network performance according to the reverse indication information to obtain second measurement information, and the third network device carries the second measurement information obtained by the measurement in a second packet, and sends to the second network device the second measurement information. A second message of measurement information and second measurement information.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for measuring network performance.
  • the method includes the following processes.
  • the first network device sends a first active measurement protocol message to the second network device.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes measurement indication information.
  • the measurement indication information is used to instruct the measurement device on the forward path to measure network performance.
  • the measurement device on the forward path includes at least one intermediate device on the forward path, the first network device is the head node of the forward path, and the second network device is the tail node of the forward path.
  • the third network device receives the first active measurement protocol packet sent by the first network device to the second network device.
  • the third network device measures network performance according to the measurement instruction information to obtain first measurement information, sends the first measurement information to the control device, and sends the first active measurement protocol message to the second network device.
  • the second network device receives the first active measurement protocol packet sent by the first network device.
  • the second network device reports the third measurement information obtained by measuring the network performance according to the measurement instruction information to the control device.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for measuring network performance.
  • the method includes the following processes.
  • the first network device sends a first active measurement protocol message to the second network device.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes measurement indication information.
  • the measurement indication information is used to instruct the measurement device on the forward path to measure network performance.
  • the measurement device on the forward path includes at least one intermediate device on the forward path, the first network device is the head node of the forward path, and the second network device is the tail node of the forward path.
  • the third network device receives the first active measurement protocol message sent by the first network device to the second network device.
  • the third network device measures network performance according to the measurement instruction information to obtain first measurement information, and the third network device carries the first measurement information obtained by the measurement in the first active measurement protocol message, and sends the packet to the second network device.
  • the first active measurement protocol message containing the first measurement information.
  • the second network device receives the first active measurement protocol message sent by the first network device.
  • the second network device reports the first measurement information to the control device.
  • the measurement method of the network performance includes but is not limited to the following processes.
  • the first network device obtains the first active measurement protocol message.
  • the sender obtains the first active measurement protocol message.
  • the first active measurement protocol message as a STAMP message as an example, insert the option TLV part of the STAMP message related to the performance to be measured HBH OAM TLV.
  • the HBH OAM TLV is a target field used to carry measurement information, and the target field is also a type length value field. The form of the target field is shown in FIG. 5A or FIG. 5B.
  • the STAMP message includes measurement indication information, for example, the measurement indication information is included in the segment identifier.
  • the third network device (a measurement device selected from the intermediate device on the forward path) sends the corresponding node information and the STAMP packet to the Control surface.
  • the control plane OAM process encapsulates the first measurement information based on the OAM TLV type carried in the STAMP message, and modifies the length of the TLV. After that, the third network device sends the STAMP message encapsulating the first measurement information to the next-hop intermediate device until it is sent to the tail node.
  • the received STAMP message is directly forwarded. If the intermediate device between the third network device and the tail node is a measurement device, the processing method of the third network device is adopted to measure the network performance, and the first measurement information obtained by the measurement is encapsulated into a STAMP message to continue sending.
  • the second network device receives the STAMP message sent by the sender, it copies the OAM TLV part carried in the STAMP message to the second (reply) message, and sends the second message to the sender .
  • the second message is a non-active measurement protocol message.
  • the second message carries the first measurement information and is sent by the intermediate device between the second network device and the first network device in turn until it is sent to the first network device, Also known as Sender.
  • the Sender After receiving the second message, the Sender parses the OAM TLV in the second message and the performance-related part in the original STAMP message, and processes or sends it to the controller on this node.
  • the first network device that is, the sender (Sender) R1 obtains the STAMP message, that is, the first message.
  • the SRH of the STAMP message encapsulates a list of segments used to indicate the forward path ⁇ 2000::1,3000:: 1,4000::1>
  • the extended TLV part of the STAMP message carries OAM TLV and Path TLV
  • Path TLV is used to record the reverse path, that is, the return path information ⁇ 4000::1,3000::1,2000:: 1>.
  • 2000::1,3000::1,4000::1 are all segment identifiers including End.OTP, so 2000::1,3000::1,4000::1 correspond to R2, R3, and R4 nodes. It is the measurement equipment on the forward path, and similarly, the R2, R3, and R4 nodes are also the measurement equipment on the reverse path.
  • Sender sends a STAMP message to the second network device, that is, the reflector (Reflector) R5.
  • the message sent to the tail node passes through nodes R2, R3, and R4 in turn. Since the STAMP message encapsulates End.OTP SID, R2
  • the forwarding planes of R3, R4 nodes will stamp the original message with the receiving timestamp and send it to the control plane (each device's respective control plane).
  • the control plane OAM process will copy the timestamp data to the OAM TLV, and the data will be collected so far.
  • Time stamp information T2-T7 For example, comparing T2 and T3 can obtain the delay information of the message inside R2, and comparing T3 and T4 can obtain the delay information of the message on the network link between R2 and R3.
  • Reflector When Reflector (ie R5) receives a STAMP message, it records the reception time T8, and generates a second message, also called a reply message, and copies the content of the OAM TLV in the first message to the second message , Send the second message to Sender, and record the sending time T9.
  • the processing mode of the second message is consistent with the processing mode of the STAMP message sent by the Sender, and time stamp information T10-T15 is obtained.
  • the Sender receives the second message, records the reception time T16, and can extract time stamp information T1-T15 from the second message, and these values can be used to calculate network delay information.
  • the method for measuring network performance in the embodiment shown in FIG. 14 is compared with the STAMP message and the TWAMP message that do not carry measurement indication information. It does not need to configure an instance on each link to achieve the middle of the measurement path.
  • the device measures network performance, so the method provided by this embodiment is easier to manage.
  • the method for measuring the network performance provided in the embodiment of the present application will be described.
  • This method extends the HBH OAM-related TLV in the STAMP message to carry the performance information of the intermediate device.
  • the format of the HBH OAM-related TLV is consistent with the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, the main difference is that the extended TLV in this embodiment is mainly used for When returning, carry the first measurement information obtained from the outbound measurement.
  • the outbound journey includes the forward path formed by R1, R2, R3 to R4, and the return journey includes the reverse path formed by R4, R3, and R2 to R1.
  • Figure 15 is an example of copying the IOAM information in the outbound message to the return message HBH OAM TLV, including but not limited to the following processes.
  • the Sender side of the first network device obtains the STAMP message, inserts the HBH OAM TLV related to the performance to be measured in the option TLV part of the STAMP message, and encapsulates the IOAM header for the STAMP message.
  • the first network device side has an access control list (ACL) configured based on the source and destination IP of STAMP, and the ACL is an ordered set of rules composed of a series of permit or deny statements.
  • the ACL is used to create an IOAM instance, thereby instructing the intermediate device to collect measurement information on the data stream with matching performance.
  • the network device as the measurement device on the forward path collects relevant performance data on the data plane based on the IOAM header, that is, first measurement information obtained by measuring the network performance, and records the first measurement information in the HBH header. After that, the measurement device sends the STAMP message carrying the first measurement information forward to the next hop node of the path, until it is sent to the tail node, that is, the Reflector.
  • the Reflector When the Reflector receives the STAMP message sent by the sender, it copies the IOAM data to the OAM TLV.
  • Reflector copies the OAM TLV part of the original STAMP message to the second (reply) message, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 15, and sends it to the Sender.
  • the second message may be an active measurement protocol message.
  • the measurement device on the reverse path of the backhaul can still perform IOAM data collection, that is, collect the second measurement information obtained by the measurement device from measuring network performance,
  • the final complete measurement information is composed of the IOAM data in the HBH header and the performance data carried in the OAM TLV.
  • the first network device that is, the sending node (Sender) R1 obtains a STAMP message, and the SRH of the STAMP message encapsulates the path information of the forward path ⁇ 2000::1,3000::1,4000::1>.
  • the extended TLV part of the STAMP message carries a Path TLV
  • the return path information that is, the node identifier on the reverse path ⁇ 4000::1,3000::1,2000::1>, is recorded through the Path TLV.
  • the ACL is configured based on the source and destination IP of the STAMP message, so that the corresponding STAMP message encapsulates the corresponding IOAM header, and the intermediate device is instructed to measure the network performance through the IOAM header, thereby realizing the collection of measurement information.
  • the Sender sends the STAMP message to the tail node Reflector.
  • the STAMP message sent to the Reflector passes through the R2, R3, and R4 node devices in turn. Because the intermediate devices R2, R3, and R4 support IOAM measurement capabilities, and the segment list includes R2, R3, and R4 correspond to the identification of the node, and the forwarding plane of the R2, R3, and R4 node devices will sequentially encapsulate the timestamp information T2-T7 into the HBH header.
  • Reflector After Reflector receives the STAMP message, it obtains the second message, the reply message, copies the time stamp information in the HBH header of the STAMP message to the HBH OAM TLV of the reply message, and sends the reply message to Sender.
  • the processing method of the Reply message is consistent with the processing method of the STAMP message sent by the Sender, and the timestamp information T10-T15 is obtained, which is carried in the HBH header.
  • Sender receives the Reply message, records the time of receipt T16, and can extract the timestamp information T2-T7 from the OAM TLV of the Reply message, and extract the timestamp information T10-T15 from the HBH header, combined with the original in the STAMP message
  • the performance data information can be calculated to obtain the transmission delay of each link.
  • the network device on the measurement path adopts the IOAM measurement method, and the measurement information is collected by the forwarding plane of the network device. There is no need to send the measurement information to the control surface for processing, which improves the measurement efficiency.
  • the method provided in the embodiment shown in FIG. 16 requires the measuring device to have IOAM measurement enable, that is, IOAM measurement capability.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a network performance measurement device.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a network performance measurement device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device is applied to a first network device, and the first network device is the first network device shown in any one of the drawings in FIGS. 2 and 9-16.
  • a network device Based on the following multiple modules shown in FIG. 17, the network performance measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 17 can perform all or part of the operations performed by the first network device. It should be understood that the device may include more additional modules than the modules shown or omit some of the modules shown therein, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 17, the device includes:
  • the sending module 1701 is configured to send a first active measurement protocol message to a second network device.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes measurement indication information.
  • the measurement indication information is used to instruct the measuring device on the forward path to measure network performance.
  • the measurement device on the forward path includes at least one intermediate device on the forward path, the first network device is the head node of the forward path, and the second network device is the tail node of the forward path.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes a segment list
  • the segment list is used to indicate the forward path
  • the measurement indication information is included in the segment identifier corresponding to the measurement device on the forward path in the segment list.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes an in-band operation, maintenance and management IOAM header
  • the measurement indication information is included in the IOAM header
  • the measurement device on the forward path includes an IOAM measurement device on the forward path. Capable intermediate equipment.
  • the measurement indication information includes first indication information and second indication information
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes an IOAM header and a segment list
  • the first indication information is included in the IOAM header
  • the segment list is used for To indicate the forward path
  • the second indication information is included in the segment identifier corresponding to the measuring device on the forward path in the segment list.
  • the device further includes:
  • the receiving module is configured to receive a second message sent by a second network device, where the second message includes first measurement information obtained by the measurement device on the forward path to measure network performance according to the measurement indication information.
  • the first active measurement protocol message further includes the identification of the measurement device on the reverse path, the measurement device on the reverse path includes at least one intermediate device on the reverse path, and the The head node is the second network device, and the tail node of the reverse path is the first network device; the second message is an active measurement protocol message for the reverse path, and the second message also includes reverse indication information. The information is used to instruct measurement equipment on the reverse path to measure network performance.
  • the measurement equipment on the reverse path is the same as the measurement equipment on the forward path, or the measurement equipment on the reverse path is different from the measurement equipment on the forward path.
  • the first measurement information is included in the type length value field of the second message.
  • the sending module 1701 is also used to send the first measurement information to the control device.
  • the first active measurement protocol message further includes a measurement type identifier, and the measurement type identifier is used to indicate the type of network performance measured by the measurement device on the forward path.
  • the type of network performance includes one or more of the following: delay information, jitter information, path information, packet loss information, and bandwidth information.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes a simple two-way active measurement protocol STAMP message, a one-way active first measurement protocol OWAMP message, or a two-way active measurement protocol TWAMP message.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a network performance measurement device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device is applied to a third network device, and the third network device is the first network device shown in any one of the drawings in FIGS. 6 and 9-16. 3. Network equipment.
  • the network performance measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 18 can perform all or part of the operations performed by the third network device. It should be understood that the device may include more additional modules than the modules shown or omit some of the modules shown therein, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the device includes:
  • the receiving module 1801 is configured to receive a first active measurement protocol message sent by a first network device to a second network device, the first active measurement protocol message includes measurement indication information, and the measurement indication information is used to indicate the measurement on the forward path
  • the device measures network performance, the measurement device on the forward path includes at least one intermediate device on the forward path, and the measurement device on the forward path includes a third network device.
  • the first network device is the head node of the forward path. 2.
  • the network device is the tail node of the forward path;
  • the measurement module 1802 is configured to measure network performance according to the measurement instruction information to obtain first measurement information
  • the sending module 1803 is used to send the first measurement information.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes a segment list, the segment list is used to indicate the forward path, and the measurement indication information is included in the segment identifier corresponding to the measurement device on the forward path in the segment list;
  • the measurement module 1802 is further configured to determine that the destination address field of the first active measurement protocol message includes a local segment identifier, and the local segment identifier includes measurement indication information.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes an in-band operation, maintenance and management IOAM header, and measurement indication information is included in the IOAM header; the measurement module 1802 is also used to obtain measurement indication information from the IOAM header,
  • the third network device is a device with IOAM measurement enabled.
  • the measurement indication information includes first indication information and second indication information
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes an IOAM header and a segment list
  • the first indication information is included in the IOAM header
  • the segment list is used for To indicate the forward path
  • the second indication information is included in the segment identifier corresponding to the measuring device on the forward path in the segment list
  • the measurement module 1802 is also used to obtain the first indication information from the IOAM header
  • the third network device The second indication information is obtained from the corresponding segment identifier.
  • the sending module 1803 is configured to carry the first measurement information in the first active measurement protocol message, and send the first active measurement protocol message carrying the first measurement information to the second network device .
  • the first measurement information is carried in the IOAM header or the type length value field of the first active measurement protocol message.
  • the sending module 1803 is configured to send the first measurement information to the control device.
  • the receiving module 1801 is further configured to receive a second active measurement protocol message sent by the second network device to the first network device, where the second active measurement protocol message includes reverse indication information, and
  • the direction indication information is used to instruct the measuring device on the reverse path to measure network performance
  • the measuring device on the reverse path includes at least one intermediate device on the reverse path
  • the head node of the reverse path is the second network device
  • the reverse path The tail node of is the first network device
  • the measurement device on the reverse path includes the third network device
  • the measurement module 1802 is also used to measure network performance according to the reverse indication information to obtain second measurement information
  • the sending module 1803 also Used to send second measurement information.
  • the second active measurement protocol message includes the first measurement information.
  • the first active measurement protocol message includes a measurement type identifier, and the measurement type identifier is used to indicate the type of network performance measured by the measurement device on the forward path; the measurement module 1802 is used to follow the measurement instruction Information, the type of network performance indicated by the measurement measurement type identifier to obtain the first measurement information.
  • the type of network performance includes one or more of the following: delay information, jitter information, path information, packet loss information, and bandwidth information.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a network performance measurement device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device is applied to a second network device, and the second network device is the first network device shown in any one of the drawings in FIGS. 7 and 9-16. 2.
  • Network equipment Based on the following multiple modules shown in FIG. 19, the network performance measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 19 can perform all or part of the operations performed by the second network device. It should be understood that the device may include more additional modules than the modules shown or omit some of the modules shown therein, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 19, the device includes:
  • the receiving module 1901 is configured to receive a first active measurement protocol message sent by a first network device, where the first active measurement protocol message includes measurement indication information, and the measurement indication information is used to instruct the measurement device on the forward path to measure network performance,
  • the measurement device on the forward path includes at least one intermediate device on the forward path.
  • the first active measurement protocol message also includes first measurement information obtained by the measurement device on the forward path to measure network performance according to the measurement indication information.
  • the network device is the head node of the forward path, and the second network device is the tail node of the forward path;
  • the sending module 1902 is used to send the first measurement information.
  • the sending module 1902 is configured to send a second packet to the first network device, where the second packet includes the first measurement information.
  • the first active measurement protocol message further includes the identification of the measurement device on the reverse path, and the measurement device on the reverse path includes at least one intermediate device on the reverse path.
  • the head node is the second network device, and the tail node of the reverse path is the first network device;
  • the second message is an active measurement protocol message, and the second message also includes reverse indication information, which is used to indicate reverse Measure network performance to measurement equipment on the path.
  • the first measurement information is included in the type length value field of the second message.
  • the sending module 1902 is configured to send the first measurement information to the control device.
  • the second active measurement protocol message further includes third measurement information obtained by the second network device by measuring network performance according to the measurement indication information; the sending module 1902 is configured to send the third measurement information.
  • the first measurement information is included in the type length value field of the first active measurement protocol message, or the first measurement information is included in the in-band operation and maintenance management of the first active measurement protocol message IOAM head in.
  • FIG. 20 shows a schematic structural diagram of a network device 2000 provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
  • the network device 2000 shown in FIG. 20 is used to perform operations involved in the network performance measurement methods shown in FIGS. 2, 6, 7, and 9-16.
  • the network device 2000 is, for example, a switch, a router, etc., and the network device 2000 can be implemented by a general bus architecture.
  • the network device 2000 includes at least one processor 2001, a memory 2003, and at least one communication interface 2004.
  • the processor 2001 is, for example, a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (digital signal processor, DSP), a network processor (NP), a graphics processor (Graphics Processing Unit, GPU), A neural network processor (neural-network processing unit, NPU), a data processing unit (Data Processing Unit, DPU), a microprocessor, or one or more integrated circuits used to implement the solution of the present application.
  • the processor 2001 includes an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof.
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • the PLD is, for example, a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a general array logic (generic array logic, GAL), or any combination thereof. It can implement or execute various logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the processor may also be a combination for realizing computing functions, for example, including a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, and so on.
  • the network device 2000 further includes a bus.
  • the bus is used to transfer information between the components of the network device 2000.
  • the bus may be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus.
  • PCI peripheral component interconnect
  • EISA extended industry standard architecture
  • the bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus and so on. For ease of representation, only one thick line is used in FIG. 20 to represent it, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the memory 2003 is, for example, a read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, such as a random access memory (RAM) or a memory that can store information and instructions.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • CD-ROM compact disc read-only memory
  • optical discs Storage including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.
  • magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices or can be used to carry or store desired program codes in the form of instructions or data structures and can Any other medium accessed by the computer, but not limited to this.
  • the memory 2003 exists independently, for example, and is connected to the processor 2001 through a bus.
  • the memory 2003 can also be integrated with the processor 2001.
  • the communication interface 2004 uses any device such as a transceiver to communicate with other devices or communication networks.
  • the communication network may be Ethernet, wireless access network (RAN), or wireless local area networks (WLAN).
  • the communication interface 2004 may include a wired communication interface, and may also include a wireless communication interface.
  • the communication interface 2004 can be an Ethernet (Ethernet) interface, a Fast Ethernet (FE) interface, a Gigabit Ethernet (GE) interface, an asynchronous transfer mode (Asynchronous Transfer Mode, ATM) interface, a wireless local area network ( wireless local area networks, WLAN) interface, cellular network communication interface or a combination thereof.
  • the Ethernet interface can be an optical interface, an electrical interface or a combination thereof.
  • the communication interface 2004 may be used for the network device 2000 to communicate with other devices.
  • the processor 2001 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 as shown in FIG. 20.
  • Each of these processors can be a single-CPU (single-CPU) processor or a multi-core (multi-CPU) processor.
  • the processor here may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data (for example, computer program instructions).
  • the network device 2000 may include multiple processors, such as the processor 2001 and the processor 2005 as shown in FIG. 20.
  • processors can be a single-core processor (single-CPU) or a multi-core processor (multi-CPU).
  • the processor here may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data (such as computer program instructions).
  • the network device 2000 may further include an output device and an input device.
  • the output device communicates with the processor 2001 and can display information in a variety of ways.
  • the output device may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display device, a cathode ray tube (CRT) display device, or a projector (projector).
  • the input device communicates with the processor 2001 and can receive user input in a variety of ways.
  • the input device can be a mouse, a keyboard, a touch screen device, or a sensor device.
  • the memory 2003 is used to store the program code 2010 for executing the solution of the present application
  • the processor 2001 can execute the program code 2010 stored in the memory 2003. That is, the network device 2000 can implement the network performance measurement method provided by the method embodiment through the processor 2001 and the program code 2010 in the memory 2003.
  • the program code 2010 may include one or more software modules.
  • the processor 2001 itself may also store program codes or instructions for executing the solutions of the present application.
  • the network device 2000 of the embodiment of the present application may correspond to the first network device in each of the above-mentioned method embodiments, and the processor 2001 in the network device 2000 reads the instructions in the memory 2003 to make it as shown in FIG. 20
  • the network device 2000 can perform all or part of the operations performed by the first network device.
  • the processor 2001 is configured to send a first active measurement protocol message to the second network device through a communication interface, where the first active measurement protocol message includes measurement indication information, and the measurement indication information is used to indicate a forward path
  • the measuring device on the upper measuring device measures network performance, the forward path is a forwarding path of the first active measurement protocol packet, and the first network device and the second network device are two ends of the forward path,
  • the measuring device on the forward path includes at least one intermediate device on the forward path.
  • the network device 2000 in the embodiment of the present application may correspond to the third network device in the foregoing various method embodiments.
  • the processor 2001 in the network device 2000 reads the instructions in the memory 2003 to make the network device shown in FIG. 20 2000 can perform all or part of the operations performed by the third network device.
  • the processor 2001 is configured to receive, through a communication interface, a first active measurement protocol message sent by a first network device to a second network device, where the first active measurement protocol message includes measurement instruction information, and the measurement instruction information Used to instruct a measurement device on a forward path to measure network performance, the forward path is a forwarding path of the first active measurement protocol packet, and the first network device and the second network device are the forward path At both ends of the forward path, the measurement device on the forward path includes at least one intermediate device on the forward path, and the measurement device on the forward path includes the third network device; according to the measurement The instruction information measures network performance to obtain first measurement information; and sends the first measurement information through the communication interface.
  • the network device 2000 in the embodiment of the present application may correspond to the second network device in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the processor 2001 in the network device 2000 reads the instructions in the memory 2003 to make the network device shown in FIG. 20 2000 can perform all or part of the operations performed by the second network device.
  • the processor 2001 is configured to receive a first active measurement protocol message sent by a first network device through a communication interface, where the first active measurement protocol message includes measurement indication information, and the measurement indication information is used to indicate forward
  • the measurement device on the path measures network performance
  • the forward path is the forwarding path of the first active measurement protocol packet
  • the first network device and the second network device are the two ends of the forward path
  • the measurement device on the forward path includes at least one intermediate device on the forward path
  • the first active measurement protocol message further includes the measurement device on the forward path to measure according to the measurement indication information First measurement information obtained by network performance; and sending the first measurement information through a communication interface.
  • the network device 2000 may also correspond to the measurement device of the network device shown in FIGS. 17-19, and each functional module in the measurement device of the network device is implemented by software of the network device 2000.
  • the functional modules included in the measurement apparatus of the network device are generated after the processor 2001 of the network device 2000 reads the program code 2010 stored in the memory 2003.
  • the steps of the network performance measurement methods shown in FIGS. 2, 6, 7 and 9-16 are completed by hardware integrated logic circuits in the processor of the network device 2000 or instructions in the form of software.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be directly embodied as being executed and completed by a hardware processor, or executed and completed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
  • the software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory, and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware. In order to avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.
  • Figure 21 shows a schematic structural diagram of a network device 2100 provided by another exemplary embodiment of the present application. All or part of the operations involved in the network performance measurement method.
  • the network device 2100 is, for example, a switch, a router, etc., and the network device 2100 can be implemented by a general bus architecture.
  • the network device 2100 includes: a main control board 2110 and an interface board 2130.
  • the main control board is also called the main processing unit (MPU) or route processor card (route processor card).
  • the main control board 2110 is used to control and manage each component in the network device 2100, including routing calculation and device management. , Equipment maintenance, protocol processing functions.
  • the main control board 2110 includes: a central processing unit 2111 and a memory 2112.
  • the interface board 2130 is also called a line processing unit (LPU), a line card (line card), or a service board.
  • the interface board 2130 is used to provide various service interfaces and implement data packet forwarding.
  • Service interfaces include, but are not limited to, Ethernet interfaces, POS (Packet over SONET/SDH) interfaces, etc.
  • the Ethernet interfaces are, for example, Flexible Ethernet Clients (Flexible Ethernet Clients, FlexE Clients).
  • the interface board 2130 includes: a central processor 2131, a network processor 2132, a forwarding entry memory 2134, and a physical interface card (PIC) 2133.
  • PIC physical interface card
  • the central processing unit 2131 on the interface board 2130 is used to control and manage the interface board 2130 and communicate with the central processing unit 2111 on the main control board 2110.
  • the network processor 2132 is used to implement packet forwarding processing.
  • the form of the network processor 2132 may be a forwarding chip.
  • the forwarding chip may be a network processor (NP).
  • the forwarding chip may be implemented by an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a field programmable gate array (FPGA).
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • the network processor 2132 is configured to forward the received message based on the forwarding table stored in the forwarding entry memory 2134, and if the destination address of the message is the address of the network device 2100, the message is sent to the CPU ( For example, the central processing unit 2131) processing; if the destination address of the message is not the address of the network device 2100, the next hop and outbound interface corresponding to the destination address are found from the forwarding table according to the destination address, and the message is forwarded to The outgoing interface corresponding to the destination address.
  • the processing of the uplink message may include: the processing of the inbound interface of the message, and the lookup of the forwarding table; the processing of the downstream message may include: the lookup of the forwarding table and so on.
  • the central processing unit can also perform the function of a forwarding chip, such as realizing software forwarding based on a general-purpose CPU, so that no forwarding chip is required in the interface board.
  • the physical interface card 2133 is used to implement the docking function of the physical layer, the original traffic enters the interface board 2130 from this, and the processed packets are sent from the physical interface card 2133.
  • the physical interface card 2133 is also called a daughter card, which can be installed on the interface board 2130, and is responsible for converting the photoelectric signal into a message and checking the validity of the message before forwarding it to the network processor 2132 for processing.
  • the central processing unit 2131 can also perform the functions of the network processor 2132, such as realizing software forwarding based on a general-purpose CPU, so that the network processor 2132 is not required in the physical interface card 2133.
  • the network device 2100 includes multiple interface boards.
  • the network device 2100 further includes an interface board 2140.
  • the interface board 2140 includes a central processor 2141, a network processor 2142, a forwarding entry memory 2144, and a physical interface card 2143.
  • the functions and implementation modes of the components in the interface board 2140 are the same as or similar to those of the interface board 2130, and will not be repeated here.
  • the network device 2100 further includes a switching network board 2120.
  • the switch fabric unit 2120 may also be referred to as a switch fabric unit (SFU).
  • SFU switch fabric unit
  • the switching network board 2120 is used to complete data exchange between the interface boards.
  • the interface board 2130 and the interface board 2140 may communicate with each other through the switching network board 2120.
  • the main control board 2110 is coupled with the interface board.
  • the main control board 2110, the interface board 2130, the interface board 2140, and the switching network board 2120 are connected to the system backplane through the system bus to achieve intercommunication.
  • an inter-process communication protocol (IPC) channel is established between the main control board 2110 and the interface board 2130 and the interface board 2140, and the main control board 2110 and the interface board 2130 and the interface board 2140 are established. The communication is carried out through the IPC channel.
  • IPC inter-process communication protocol
  • the network device 2100 includes a control plane and a forwarding plane.
  • the control plane includes a main control board 2110 and a central processing unit 2111.
  • the forwarding plane includes various components that perform forwarding, such as forwarding entry memory 2134, physical interface card 2133, and network processing. ⁇ 2132.
  • the control plane performs functions such as routers, generation of forwarding tables, processing of signaling and protocol messages, configuration and maintenance of the state of network equipment, and other functions.
  • the control plane issues the generated forwarding tables to the forwarding plane.
  • the network processor 2132 is based on the control
  • the forwarding table issued on the surface looks up and forwards the message received by the physical interface card 2133.
  • the forwarding table issued by the control plane can be stored in the forwarding entry storage 2134. In some embodiments, the control plane and the forwarding plane can be completely separated and not on the same network device.
  • main control boards there may be one or more main control boards, and when there are more than one, it may include the main main control board and the standby main control board.
  • the switching network board may not exist, or there may be one or more. When there are more than one, the load sharing and redundant backup can be realized together. Under the centralized forwarding architecture, the network equipment does not need to switch the network board, and the interface board undertakes the processing function of the business data of the entire system.
  • network equipment can have at least one switching network board, and data exchange between multiple interface boards can be realized through the switching network board, providing large-capacity data exchange and processing capabilities. Therefore, the data access and processing capabilities of network equipment with a distributed architecture are greater than those with a centralized architecture.
  • the form of the network device may also have only one board, that is, there is no switching network board, and the functions of the interface board and the main control board are integrated on the one board.
  • the central processing unit and the main control board on the interface board The central processing unit on the board can be combined into a central processing unit on this board, and perform the functions of the two superimposed.
  • This type of network equipment has low data exchange and processing capabilities (for example, low-end switches or routers, etc.) Internet equipment).
  • the specific architecture used depends on the specific networking deployment scenario, and there is no restriction here.
  • the network device 2100 corresponds to the apparatus for measuring network performance applied to the first network device shown in FIG. 17 above.
  • the sending module 1601 in the apparatus for measuring network performance shown in FIG. 17 is equivalent to the physical interface card 2133 in the network device 2100.
  • the network device 2100 also corresponds to the network performance measurement device applied to the third network device shown in FIG. 18 above.
  • the receiving module 1701 and the sending module 1803 in the apparatus for measuring network performance shown in FIG. 18 are equivalent to the physical interface card 2133 in the network device 2100; the measurement module 1702 is equivalent to the central processing unit in the network device 2100 2111 or network processor 2132.
  • the network device 2100 also corresponds to the apparatus for measuring network performance applied to the second network device shown in FIG. 19 above.
  • the receiving module 1901 and the sending module 1902 in the apparatus for measuring network performance shown in FIG. 19 are equivalent to the physical interface card 2133 in the network device 2100.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a network performance measurement system.
  • the measurement system includes: a first network device, a second network device, and a third network device.
  • the first network device is the network device 2000 shown in FIG. 20 or the network device 2100 shown in FIG. 21
  • the second network device is the network device 2000 shown in FIG. 20 or the network device 2100 shown in FIG. 21
  • the third network device is the network device 2000 shown in FIG. 20 or the network device 2100 shown in FIG. 21.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a communication device, which includes a transceiver, a memory, and a processor.
  • the transceiver, the memory, and the processor communicate with each other through an internal connection path, the memory is used to store instructions, and the processor is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory to control the transceiver to receive signals and control the transceiver to send signals And when the processor executes the instructions stored in the memory, the processor is caused to execute the method required by the first network device.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a communication device, which includes a transceiver, a memory, and a processor.
  • the transceiver, the memory, and the processor communicate with each other through an internal connection path, the memory is used to store instructions, and the processor is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory to control the transceiver to receive signals and control the transceiver to send signals And when the processor executes the instructions stored in the memory, the processor is caused to execute the method required by the third network device.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a communication device, which includes a transceiver, a memory, and a processor.
  • the transceiver, the memory, and the processor communicate with each other through an internal connection path, the memory is used to store instructions, and the processor is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory to control the transceiver to receive signals and control the transceiver to send signals And when the processor executes the instructions stored in the memory, the processor is caused to execute the method required by the second network device.
  • processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processing (DSP), or application specific integrated circuits. ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. It is worth noting that the processor can be a processor that supports an advanced RISC machine (advanced RISC machines, ARM) architecture.
  • the foregoing memory may include a read-only memory and a random access memory, and provide instructions and data to the processor.
  • the memory may also include non-volatile random access memory.
  • the memory can also store device type information.
  • the memory may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory.
  • the non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM, PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM), and electrically available Erase programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory.
  • the volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of exemplary but not limiting illustration, many forms of RAM are available.
  • static random access memory static random access memory
  • dynamic random access memory dynamic random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • double data rate synchronous dynamic random access Memory double data date SDRAM, DDR SDRAM
  • enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM
  • serial link DRAM SLDRAM
  • direct memory bus random access memory direct rambus RAM
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium in which at least one instruction is stored, and the instruction is loaded and executed by a processor to implement any one of the above-mentioned network performance measurement methods.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program (product).
  • the processor or the computer can execute the corresponding steps and/or processes in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a chip, including a processor, configured to call and execute instructions stored in the memory from the memory, so that the communication device installed with the chip executes the methods in the foregoing aspects.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides another chip, including: an input interface, an output interface, a processor, and a memory.
  • the input interface, the output interface, the processor, and the memory are connected by an internal connection path.
  • the processor is configured to execute the code in the memory, and when the code is executed, the processor is configured to execute the methods in the foregoing aspects.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server, or data center.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or a data center integrated with one or more available media.
  • the usable medium may be a magnetic medium, (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, and a magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid state disk).
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer program instructions.
  • the method of the embodiments of the present application may be described in the context of machine-executable instructions, such as included in a program module executed in a device on a real or virtual processor of the target.
  • program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, etc., which perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data structures.
  • the functions of the program modules can be combined or divided among the described program modules.
  • the machine executable instructions for the program modules can be executed in local or distributed devices. In distributed equipment, program modules can be located in both local and remote storage media.
  • the computer program codes used to implement the methods of the embodiments of the present application may be written in one or more programming languages. These computer program codes can be provided to the processors of general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, or other programmable data processing devices, so that when the program codes are executed by the computer or other programmable data processing devices, they will cause changes in the flowcharts and/or block diagrams. The functions/operations specified in are implemented.
  • the program code can be executed entirely on a computer, partly on a computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on a computer and partly on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server.
  • the computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier, so that the device, apparatus, or processor can perform the various processing and operations described above.
  • Examples of carriers include signals, computer-readable media, and so on.
  • Examples of signals may include electrical, optical, radio, sound, or other forms of propagated signals, such as carrier waves, infrared signals, and the like.
  • a machine-readable medium may be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program for or related to the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • the machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium.
  • the machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or device, or any suitable combination thereof. More detailed examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections with one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random memory access (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only Memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.
  • the disclosed system, device, and method may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the modules is only a logical function division, and there may be other divisions in actual implementation, for example, multiple modules or components may be combined or may be Integrate into another system, or some features can be ignored or not implemented.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or modules, and may also be electrical, mechanical or other forms of connection.
  • modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components displayed as modules may or may not be physical modules, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed to multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing module, or each module may exist alone physically, or two or more modules may be integrated into one module.
  • the above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or software function modules.
  • the integrated module is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of this application is essentially or the part that contributes to the existing technology, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium It includes several instructions to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the methods in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), random access memory (random access memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program code .
  • first and second are used to distinguish the same or similar items with basically the same function and function. It should be understood that the terms “first”, “second”, and “nth” There are no logical or timing dependencies between the two, and there is no restriction on the number and execution order. It should also be understood that although the following description uses the terms first, second, etc. to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by the terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another.
  • the first image may be referred to as the second image, and similarly, the second image may be referred to as the first image. Both the first image and the second image may be images, and in some cases, may be separate and different images.
  • the size of the sequence number of each process does not mean the order of execution.
  • the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not correspond to the difference in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the implementation process constitutes any limitation.
  • determining B based on A does not mean that B is determined only based on A, and B can also be determined based on A and/or other information.

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Abstract

本申请公开了网络性能的测量方法、装置、设备、系统及存储介质，涉及通信技术领域。以第一网络设备执行该方法为例，该方法包括：第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送第一主动测量协议报文，第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，前向路径为第一主动测量协议报文的转发路径，第一网络设备和第二网络设备为前向路径的两端，前向路径上的测量设备包括前向路径上的至少一个中间设备。本申请实施例实现了中间设备测量网络性能，使得测量网络性能的节点范围更全，获取到的测量信息也更为全面，进而能够适应大规模网络对于性能数据采集的需求。

Description

网络性能的测量方法、装置、设备、系统及存储介质
本申请要求于2020年6月2日提交的申请号为202010489773.6、发明名称为“一种网络性能的测量方法”的中国专利申请以及于2020年07月10日提交的申请号为202010664952.9、发明名称为“网络性能的测量方法、装置、设备、系统及存储介质”的中国专利申请的优先权，它们的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及网络性能的测量方法、装置、设备、系统及存储介质。
背景技术
随着通信技术的发展，网络规模逐渐增大，如何提高网络质量变得越来越重要，而网络性能的测量成为了掌握网络质量的关键。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种网络性能的测量方法、装置、设备、系统及存储介质，以解决相关技术提供的问题，技术方案如下：
第一方面，提供了一种网络性能的测量方法，以第一网络设备执行该方法为例，该方法包括：第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送第一主动测量协议报文，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，所述测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述前向路径为所述第一主动测量协议报文的转发路径，所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备为所述前向路径的两端，所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述前向路径上的至少一个中间设备。
通过第一主动测量协议报文来携带测量指示信息，从而指示前向路径上的测量设备来测量网络性能，且该测量设备可以是前向路径上的中间设备，因此，实现了中间设备测量网络性能，使得测量网络性能的节点范围更全，获取到的测量信息也更为全面，进而能够适应大规模网络对于性能数据采集的需求。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括段列表，所述段列表用于指示所述前向路径，所述测量指示信息包括在所述段列表中所述前向路径上的测量设备对应的段标识中。
由于测量指示信息包括在段列表中前向路径上的测量设备对应的段标识中，因而能够通过段标识来指示对应的中间设备测量网络性能。并且，通过将测量指示信息包括在测量设备对应的段标识中，可以在前向路径上指定部分中间设备为测量设备，提高灵活性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括带内操作维护管理IOAM的IOAM头，所述测量指示信息包括在所述IOAM头中，所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述前向路径上具有IOAM测量能力的中间设备。
由于测量指示信息包括在IOAM头中，能够通过IOAM头来指示前向路径上具有IOAM测量使能的中间设备测量网络性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述测量指示信息包括第一指示信息和第二指示信息，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括IOAM头和段列表，所述第一指示信息包括在所述IOAM头中，所述段列表用于指示所述前向路径，所述第二指示信息包括在所述段列表中所述前向路径上的测量设备对应的段标识中。
由于测量指示信息不仅包括在IOAM头中的第一指示信息，还包括在段列表中前向路径上的测量设备对应的段标识中的第二指示信息，因而能够通过段标识和IOAM头来指示具有IOAM测量使能的对应的中间设备测量网络性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送第一主动测量协议报文之后，所述方法还包括：
所述第一网络设备接收所述第二网络设备发送的第二报文，所述第二报文包括所述前向路径上的测量设备根据所述测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息。
通过接收第二网络设备发送的第二报文，由于第二报文包括前向路径上的测量设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息，因而能够实现由第一网络设备收集前向路径上的测量设备测量得到的第一测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第二报文为所述第一主动测量协议报文的反射测试报文，所述第二报文还包括反向指示信息，所述反向指示信息用于指示反向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述反向路径为所述第二报文的转发路径，所述第二网络设备和所述第一网络设备为所述反向路径的两端，所述反向路径上的测量设备包括所述反向路径上的至少一个中间设备。
通过第二报文包括的反向指示信息来指示反向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，实现了由第一网络设备来收集反向路径上的测量设备测量得到的测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，反向路径上的测量设备与前向路径上的测量设备相同，或者，反向路径上的测量设备与前向路径上的测量设备不同。
由于反向路径上的测量设备与前向路径上的测量设备相同或者不同，因而两条测量路径上的测量设备可灵活选取，提高了收集网络性能的测量信息的灵活性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第二报文还包括所述反向路径上的测量设备根据所述反向指示信息测量网络性能得到的第二测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第二测量信息包括在所述第二报文的反向类型长度值字段中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一网络设备接收所述第二网络设备发送的第二报文之后，所述方法还包括：
所述第一网络设备根据所述第一测量信息获得网络性能的测量结果；
所述第一网络设备向控制设备发送所述第一测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一主动测量协议报文还包括测量类型标识，测量类型标识用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量的网络性能的类型。
通过测量类型标识来指示前向路径上的测量设备测量的网络性能的类型，使得前向路径上的测量设备能够明确测量的网络性能的类型，从而实现收集对应类型的网络性能的测量信 息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，网络性能的类型包括以下一种或多种：时延信息、抖动信息、路径信息、丢包信息以及带宽信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一主动测量协议报文包括简单的双向主动测量协议STAMP报文、单向主动先测量协议OWAMP报文或双向主动测量协议TWAMP报文。
第二方面，提供了一种网络性能的测量方法，以第三网络设备执行该方法为例，该方法包括：第三网络设备接收第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，所述测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述前向路径为所述第一主动测量协议报文的转发路径，所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备为所述前向路径的两端，所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述前向路径上的至少一个中间设备，且所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述第三网络设备；第三网络设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能以得到第一测量信息；第三网络设备发送第一测量信息。
通过第三网络设备接收第一主动测量协议报文，由于第一主动测量协议报文携带了测量指示信息，从而指示前向路径上的第三网络设备来测量网络性能，且该第三网络设备是前向路径上的中间设备，因此，实现了中间设备测量网络性能，使得测量网络性能的节点范围更全，获取到的测量信息也更为全面，进而能够适应大规模网络对于性能数据采集的需求。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括段列表，所述段列表用于指示所述前向路径；
所述第三网络设备根据所述测量指示信息测量网络性能以得到第一测量信息，包括：
当所述第一主动测量协议报文的目的地址字段包括含有所述测量指示信息的本地段标识时，所述第三网络设备测量网络性能以得到所述第一测量信息。
由于测量指示信息包括在段列表中前向路径上的测量设备对应的段标识中，因而第三网络设备确定第一主动测量协议报文的目的地址字段包括本地段标识，且本地段标识包括测量指示信息后，能够触发第三网络设备测量网络性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括带内操作维护管理IOAM的IOAM头，所述测量指示信息包括在所述IOAM头中；
第三网络设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能以得到第一测量信息之前，还包括：第三网络设备从IOAM头中获得测量指示信息，第三网络设备为具有IOAM测量使能的设备。
由于测量指示信息包括在IOAM头中，能够通过IOAM头来指示前向路径上具有IOAM测量使能的第三网络设备测量网络性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，测量指示信息包括第一指示信息和第二指示信息，第一主动测量协议报文包括IOAM头和段列表，第一指示信息包括在IOAM头中，段列表用于指示前向路径，第二指示信息包括在段列表中前向路径上的测量设备对应的段标识中；
第三网络设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能以得到第一测量信息之前，还包括：第三网络设备从IOAM头中获得第一指示信息；第三网络设备从第三网络设备对应的段标识中获得第二指示信息。
由于测量指示信息不仅包括在IOAM头中的第一指示信息，还包括在段列表中前向路径上的测量设备对应的段标识中的第二指示信息，因而能够通过段标识和IOAM头来指示具有IOAM测量使能的第三网络设备测量网络性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第三网络设备发送所述第一测量信息，包括：
所述第三网络设备将所述第一测量信息添加在所述第一主动测量协议报文中，向所述第二网络设备发送携带所述第一测量信息的所述第一主动测量协议报文。
通过将第一测量信息携带在第一主动测量协议报文中，并向第二网络设备发送该携带了第一测量信息的第一主动测量协议报文，以实现由第二网络设备收集前向路径上的测量设备测量得到的第一测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一测量信息携带在所述第一主动测量协议报文的节点数据列表或正向类型长度值字段中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第三网络设备发送所述第一测量信息，包括：
所述第三网络设备向控制设备发送所述第一测量信息。
通过向控制设备发送第一测量信息，实现了由控制设备收集第一测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第三网络设备接收第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文之后，所述方法还包括：
所述第三网络设备接收所述第二网络设备向所述第一网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文的反射测试报文，所述反射测试报文包括反向指示信息，所述反向指示信息用于指示反向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述反向路径为所述第二报文的转发路径，所述第二网络设备和所述第一网络设备为所述反向路径的两端，所述反向路径上的测量设备包括所述第三网络设备；
所述第三网络设备根据所述反向指示信息测量网络性能以得到第二测量信息；
所述第三网络设备发送所述第二测量信息。
通过第二主动测量协议报文包括的反向指示信息来指示反向路径上的第三网络设备测量网络性能，并发送测量得到的第二测量信息，实现了收集反向路径上的测量设备测量得到的第二测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述反射测试报文包括所述第一测量信息。通过反射测试报文包括第一测量信息，实现收集第二测量信息的同时，收集第一测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一测量信息包括在所述反射测试报文的IOAM类型长度值字段或正向类型长度值字段中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，反向路径上的测量设备与前向路径上的测量设备相同，或者，反向路径上的测量设备与前向路径上的测量设备不同。
由于反向路径上的测量设备与前向路径上的测量设备相同或者不同，因而两条测量路径上的测量设备可灵活选取，提高了收集网络性能的测量信息的灵活性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括测量类型标识，所述测量类型标识用于指示所述前向路径上的测量设备测量的网络性能的类型，所述网络性能的类型包括以下一种或多种：时延信息、抖动信息、路径信息、丢包信息以及带宽信息。
通过测量类型标识来指示前向路径上的测量设备测量的网络性能的类型，使得前向路径上的第三网络设备能够明确测量的网络性能的类型，从而实现收集对应类型的网络性能的测量信息。
第三方面，提供了一种网络性能的测量方法，以第二网络设备执行该方法为例，该方法包括：第二网络设备接收第一网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文，所述第一主动测量协 议报文包括测量指示信息，所述测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述前向路径为所述第一主动测量协议报文的转发路径，所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备为所述前向路径的两端，所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述前向路径上的至少一个中间设备；所述第一主动测量协议报文还包括所述前向路径上的测量设备根据所述测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息；第二网络设备发送第一测量信息。
通过第二网络设备接收第一主动测量协议报文，由于第一主动测量协议报文携带了测量指示信息，从而指示前向路径上的测量设备来测量网络性能，且该第一主动测量协议报文包括前向路径上的测量设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息，因此，实现了中间设备测量网络性能，使得测量网络性能的节点范围更全，获取到的测量信息也更为全面，进而能够适应大规模网络对于性能数据采集的需求。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第二网络设备发送所述第一测量信息，包括：所述第二网络设备向所述第一网络设备发送第二报文，所述第二报文包括所述第一测量信息。
通过第二网络设备向第一网络设备发送第二报文，由于第二报文包括前向路径上的测量设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息，因而能够实现由第一网络设备收集前向路径上的测量设备测量得到的第一测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一测量信息包括在所述第一主动测量协议报文的节点数据列表中，所述第一测量信息包括在所述第二报文的IOAM类型长度值字段中；
所述第二网络设备向所述第一网络设备发送第二报文，包括：
所述第二网络设备将所述第一测量信息从所述节点数据列表中拷贝至所述IOAM类型长度值字段中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一测量信息包括在所述第一主动测量协议报文的正向类型长度值字段中，所述第一测量信息包括在所述第二报文的正向类型长度值字段中；
所述第二网络设备向所述第一网络设备发送第二报文，包括：
所述第二网络设备将所述第一测量信息从所述第一主动测量协议报文的正向类型长度值字段中拷贝至所述第二报文的正向类型长度值字段中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第二报文为所述第一主动测量协议报文的反射测试报文，所述第二报文还包括反向指示信息，所述反向指示信息用于指示反向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述反向路径为所述第二报文的转发路径，所述第二网络设备和所述第一网络设备为所述反向路径的两端，所述反向路径上的测量设备包括所述反向路径上的至少一个中间设备。
通过第二报文包括的反向指示信息来指示反向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，实现了由第一网络设备来收集反向路径上的测量设备测量得到的测量信息。
在第一方面至第三方面的一种可能的实现方式中，第一测量信息包括在第二报文的类型长度值字段中。通过将第一测量信息包括在第二报文的类型长度值字段中，可通过第二报文反馈第一测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第二网络设备发送所述第一测量信息，包括：所述第二网络设备向控制设备发送所述第一测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第二主动测量协议报文还包括所述第二网络设备根据所述测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第三测量信息；
所述方法还包括：
所述第二网络设备发送所述第三测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括简单的双向主动测量协议STAMP报文、单向主动先测量协议OWAMP报文或双向主动测量协议TWAMP报文。
第四方面，一种网络性能的测量装置，执行第一方面或第一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中的方法。具体地，该测量装置包括用于执行第一方面或第一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中的方法的单元。
第五方面，一种网络性能的测量装置，执行第二方面或第二方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中的方法。具体地，该测量装置包括用于执行第二方面或第二方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中的方法的单元。
第六方面，一种网络性能的测量装置，执行第三方面或第三方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中的方法。具体地，该测量装置包括用于执行第三方面或第三方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中的方法的单元。
第七方面，提供了一种网络设备，该网络设备包括：存储器及处理器，所述存储器中存储有至少一条指令，所述至少一条指令由所述处理器加载并执行，以实现如上任一所述的网络性能的测量方法。
作为一种示例性实施例，所述处理器为一个或多个，所述存储器为一个或多个。
作为一种示例性实施例，所述存储器可以与所述处理器集成在一起，或者所述存储器与处理器分离设置。
在具体实现过程中，存储器可以为非瞬时性(non-transitory)存储器，例如只读存储器(read only memory，ROM)，其可以与处理器集成在同一块芯片上，也可以分别设置在不同的芯片上，本申请实施例对存储器的类型以及存储器与处理器的设置方式不做限定。
第八方面，提供了一种通信装置，该装置包括：收发器、存储器和处理器。其中，该收发器、该存储器和该处理器通过内部连接通路互相通信，该存储器用于存储指令，该处理器用于执行该存储器存储的指令，以控制收发器接收信号，并控制收发器发送信号，并且当该处理器执行该存储器存储的指令时，使得该处理器执行第一方面或第一方面的任一种可能的实施方式中的方法。
第九方面，提供了一种通信装置，该装置包括：收发器、存储器和处理器。其中，该收发器、该存储器和该处理器通过内部连接通路互相通信，该存储器用于存储指令，该处理器用于执行该存储器存储的指令，以控制收发器接收信号，并控制收发器发送信号，并且当该处理器执行该存储器存储的指令时，使得该处理器执行第二方面或第二方面的任一种可能的实施方式中的方法。
第十方面，提供了一种通信装置，该装置包括：收发器、存储器和处理器。其中，该收发器、该存储器和该处理器通过内部连接通路互相通信，该存储器用于存储指令，该处理器用于执行该存储器存储的指令，以控制收发器接收信号，并控制收发器发送信号，并且当该处理器执行该存储器存储的指令时，使得该处理器执行第三方面或第三方面的任一种可能的实施方式中的方法。
第十一方面，提供了一种网络性能的测量系统，所述网络性能的测量系统包括第一网络设备、第二网络设备和第三网络设备；
所述第一网络设备用于执行所述第一方面或第一方面的任一种可能的实现方式所述的方法，所述第二网络设备用于执行所述第三方面或第三方面的任一种可能的实现方式所述的方法，所述第三网络设备用于执行所述第二方面或第二方面的任一种可能的实现方式所述的方法。
第十二方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述存储介质中存储有至少一条指令，所述指令由处理器加载并执行以实现如上任一所述的网络性能的测量方法。
第十三方面，提供了一种计算机程序(产品)，所述计算机程序(产品)包括：计算机程序代码，当所述计算机程序代码被计算机运行时，使得所述计算机执行上述各方面中的方法。
第十四方面，提供了一种芯片，包括处理器，用于从存储器中调用并运行所述存储器中存储的指令，使得安装有所述芯片的通信设备执行上述各方面中的方法。
第十五方面，提供另一种芯片，包括：输入接口、输出接口、处理器和存储器，所述输入接口、输出接口、所述处理器以及所述存储器之间通过内部连接通路相连，所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中的代码，当所述代码被执行时，所述处理器用于执行上述各方面中的方法。
应当理解的是，本申请实施例的第四方面至第十五方面技术方案及对应的可能的实施方式所取得的有益效果可以参见上述对第一方面至第三方面及其对应的可能的实施方式的技术效果，此处不再赘述。
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图1为本申请实施例提供的实施环境示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量方法流程图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的OAM的信息结构示意图；
图4A为本申请实施例提供的IOAM头的结构示意图；
图4B为本申请实施例提供的节点数据列表的结构示意图；
图5A为本申请实施例提供的类型长度值字段的结构示意图；
图5B为本申请实施例提供的类型长度值字段的结构示意图；
图5C为本申请实施例提供的类型长度值字段的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量方法流程图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量方法流程图；
图8A为本申请实施例提供的类型长度值字段的结构示意图；
图8B为本申请实施例提供的类型长度值字段的结构示意图；
图8C为本申请实施例提供的类型长度值字段的结构示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量方法交互示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量方法交互示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量方法交互示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量方法交互示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量方法交互示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量方法交互示意图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的报文的结构示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量方法交互示意图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量装置的结构示意图；
图18为本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量装置的结构示意图；
图19为本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量装置的结构示意图；
图20为本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量设备的结构示意图；
图21为本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请的实施方式部分使用的术语仅用于对本申请的实施例进行解释，而非旨在限定本申请。
为了更好的运维和管理网络，常常会有测量网络性能的需求，以通过测量网络性能得到的测量信息来提高网络质量。对此，本申请实施例提供了一种网络性能的测量方法，该方法可应用于图1所示的实施环境中。如图1所示，该实施环境中包括多个网络设备。本申请实施例所提供的方法可主动触发由多个网络设备组成的测量路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，该测量设备不仅包括测量路径的头节点和尾节点，还可包括至少一个中间设备。也就是说，本申请实施例提供的方法能够主动触发中间设备测量网络性能，从而能够收集更为全面的网络性能的测量信息。
示例性地，本申请实施例中的网络设备包括但不限于路由器、交换机、服务器等。其中，图1中示出的RT1、RT2、RT3及RT5等多个网络设备为测量路径上的测量设备以测量网络性能，服务器为图1中示出的Server1及Server2。此外，该实施环境还包括控制设备。测量设备测量网络性能得到的测量信息不仅可在网络设备上收集，还可上报给控制设备，由控制设备来收集管理。
结合图1所示的实施环境，以第一网络设备执行该方法为例，对本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量方法进行说明。参见图2，该方法包括但不限于如下过程。
201，第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送第一主动测量协议报文，第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，前向路径为第一主动测量协议报文的转发路径，第一网络设备和第二网络设备为前向路径的两端，前向路径上的测量设备包括前向路径上的至少一个中间设备。
其中，所述第一网络设备可以是第一主动测量协议报文的发送端(sender)，所述第二网络设备可以是第一主动测量协议报文的反射端(reflector)。
在示例性实施例中，第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送第一主动测量协议报文之前，第一网络设备获取第一主动测量协议报文。本申请实施例不对第一网络设备获取第一主动测量协议报文的方式进行限定，包括但不限于第一网络设备生成第一主动测量协议报文。
该第一网络设备是前向路径上的头节点，该前向路径的信息可预先配置在第一网络设备上。例如，第一网络设备上配置有前向路径上的各个网络设备的标识，或者，第一网络设备上配置有前向路径的尾节点的标识，该第一网络设备根据该尾节点的标识来计算前向路径。无论是哪种情况确定前向路径，该第一网络设备获取第一主动测量协议报文，以主动触发作为第一测量设备的中间设备测量网络性能。所述第一主动测量协议报文通过所述前向路径进行转发，即所述前向路径可以是所述第一主动测量协议报文的转发路径。
示例性地，第一主动测量协议报文包括但不限于简单的双向主动测量协议(simple two-way active measurement protocol，STAMP)报文、单向主动先测量协议(one-way active measurement protocol，OWAMP)报文或双向主动测量协议(two-way active measurement protocol，TWAMP)报文。
其中，测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，而前向路径上的测量设备包括前向路径上的至少一个中间设备，也就是说，该测量指示信息能够用来触发中间设备测量网络性能，本申请实施例不对测量指示信息的形式进行限定，包括但不限于如下四种情况。
情况一：测量指示信息包括在段列表中前向路径上的测量设备对应的段标识(segment identifier，SID)中。
该情况一下，第一主动测量协议报文包括段列表，该段列表用于指示前向路径。例如，该段列表中包括前向路径上的网络设备的段标识，如果该前向路径上的某个网络设备的段标识包含测量指示信息，则该网络设备即为前向路径上的测量设备。其中，包含测量指示信息的段标识可以是一种特殊类型的段标识。
例如，包含测量指示信息的段标识可以是包括操作维护管理(operation administration and maintenance，OAM)信息的段标识。具体的，包含测量指示信息的段标识可以是End.OP(OAM endpoint with punt)和End.OTP(OAM endpoint with timestamp and punt)。
其中，End.OP是一个OAM类型的SID，用于对一个OAM报文实行时间戳和平移行为。例如，该End.OP用于指示网络设备收到该第一主动测量协议报文后，将该第一主动测量协议报文发送至控制面的OAM进程。例如，当一个网络设备N接收到一个目的地址为S的数据包并且S是本地的End.OP SID时，网络设备N将数据包发送到OAM进程。
End.OTP用于指示携带时间戳和Punt的OAM尾节点，用于指示收到该第一主动测量协议报文后，将该第一主动测量协议报文以及对应的时间戳发送给控制面的OAM进程。例如，当一个网络设备N接收到一个目的地址为S的数据包并且S是本地的End.OTP SID时，网络设备N将数据包及对应的时间戳发送到OAM进程。
在本申请实施例中，如果哪个中间设备的标识是End.OP或End.OTP，则用于指示该中间设备作为前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能。也就是说，该情况一中，当前向路径上的所有中间设备的标识均为End.OP或End.OTP时，则前向路径上的所有中间设备均测量网络性能。如果前向路径上的所有中间设备中仅部分中间设备的标识为End.OP或End.OTP，则前向路径上的部分中间设备测量网络性能。
无论是End.OP还是End.OTP，本地的OAM进程进一步处理该数据包，这可能涉及IPv6以上的处理协议层。例如，因特网包探索器(packet internet groper，PING)和路由追踪(traceroute)将需要互联网控制报文协议(internet control message protocol，ICMP)或用户数据报协议(user datagram protocol，UDP)协议处理。一旦数据包离开Ipv6层，该处理就被认为是主机处理，而上层协议也需要这样处理。
例如，包含测量指示信息的段标识也可以是其他的SID类型。其工作模式与上述End.OP或End.OTP类似。包括但不限于，当某路由网络设备收到报文时会由该包含测量指示信息的段标识触发对应的上送操作，如构造一个ICMPv6OAM报文给原始报文的源节点设备或发送一些测量(telemetry)信息给监控设备等，该包含测量指示信息的段标识对应的OAM的信息如图 3所示，包括0-15比特。其中，第0比特用于指示记录数据包，处理设备创建一个日志条目，该日志条目反映了它的创建时间，还反映了数据包到达的时间。第1比特用于数据包计数，例如，处理设备增加一个计数器，通过该计数器来记录数据包的数量。第2比特用于指示发送ICMPv6OAM，处理设备根据该第2比特向数据包的源节点设备发送ICMP OAM消息，该OAM消息指示包发生的时间。第3比特用于指示发送测量信息，处理设备发送测量信息给监控设备，该测量信息包括数据包和数据包到达的时间。第4-15比特为保留字段。
情况二：测量指示信息包括在带内操作维护管理(In-situ OAM，IOAM)的IOAM头中。
该情况二下，第一主动测量协议报文包括IOAM的跟踪选项头(trace option header)，该IOAM头也称为IOAM头，第一测量设备上的测量设备包括前向路径上具有IOAM测量使能的中间设备。测量指示信息包括在IOAM头中包括，所述IOAM头整体作为测量指示信息。
IOAM方式支持中间设备测量网络性能，本申请实施例通过在第一主动测量协议报文中添加IOAM的IOAM头，来触发测量路径上的中间设备测量网络性能。通过在第一主动测量协议报文中携带IOAM头，使得接收到该第一主动测量协议报文且具有测量使能的中间设备均可作为前向路径上的测量设备来测量网络性能，测量所得的第一测量信息可以携带在节点数据列表(node data list)中。例如，前向路径包括3个具有测量使能的中间设备A、B和C，则中间设备A、B和C均作为前向路径上的测量设备。
图4A示出了IOAM的IOAM头的格式。如图4A所示，IOAM头包括名称空间标识(Namespace-ID)字段、节点长度(NodeLen)字段、标签(Flags)字段、保留长度(RemainingLen)字段、IOAM跟踪类型(IOAM-Trace-Type)字段以及保留(Reserved)字段。其中，IOAM跟踪类型字段的内容用于指示节点数据列表中携带的数据类型。
图4B示出了节点数据列表的格式。如图4B所示，节点数据列表由多个节点数据元素组成，即node data list[0]至node data list[n]。其中每个节点数据元素由前向路径上的各个测量设备所填写，具体过程将在下文介绍。
情况三：测量指示信息包括第一指示信息和第二指示信息，第一指示信息包括在IOAM头中，第二指示信息包括在段列表中前向路径上的测量设备对应的段标识中。
该情况三下，第一主动测量协议报文包括IOAM头和段列表，段列表用于指示前向路径，例如，段列表包括前向路径上的各个网络设备的段标识。
该情况三中，第一主动测量协议报文仍然包括IOAM头，IOAM头包括第一指示信息，然而，与情况二相比，情况三中该IOAM头的作用有所不同。在情况二中，具有IOAM测量使能的中间设备接收到该第一主动测量协议报文，根据所述IOAM头即可触发测量网络性能。但是，与情况二不同的是，该情况三中作为前向路径上的测量设备，不仅需要具有IOAM测量使能，还需要是第一主动测量协议报文中携带了该网络设备的段标识，且该段标识包括第二指示信息。
例如，第一主动测量报文包括IOAM头，前向路径包括3个具有IOAM测量使能的中间设备A、B和C，但3个具有IOAM测量使能的中间设备中的两个中间设备A和B的段标识包括第二指示信息，则该前向路径上的中间设备A和B作为前向路径上的测量设备，而中间设备C不作为前向路径上的测量设备。
情况四：测量指示信息为主动测量协议报文中的特定标识，例如，测量指示信息可以是主动测量协议报文的报文头中某个字段包括的特定标识。当中间设备从主动测量协议报文中 获取该特定标识时，中间设备进行网络性能的测量。
在示例性实施例中，该第一主动测量协议报文中还包括目标字段，目标字段用于携带第一测量信息，该第一测量信息是前向路径上的测量设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的。
可选的，目标字段可以是IOAM方式下的节点数据列表。也就是说，当测量指示信息为IOAM方式下的IOAM头时，测量设备测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息可以存放在对应的节点数据列表中。节点数据列表的格式如图4B所示。由图4B可见，节点数据列表由多个节点数据元素组成，即node data list[0]至node data list[n]，其中每个节点数据元素由前向路径上的各个测量设备所填写。具体的，每个测量设备与节点数据列表中的一个节点数据元素对应，每个测量设备获得的第一测量信息存放在对应的节点数据元素中。可选的，每个测量设备对应的节点数据元素在节点数据列表中的排列顺序，与每个测量设备在前向路径上的排列顺序相同。
可选的，目标字段可以是类型长度值字段，该类型长度值字段的形式包括但不限于如下两种。
第一种：类型长度值字段包括一个类型长度值字段，类型长度值字段包括至少一个子类型长度值字段，至少一个子类型长度值字段中的任一子类型长度值字段对应一种类型的网络性能，任一子类型长度值字段用于携带对应类型的网络性能的测量信息。
示例性地，网络性能的类型包括但不限于时延信息、抖动信息、路径信息、丢包信息和带宽信息等中的一种或多种类型。该第一种目标字段的形式，无论前向路径上的测量设备的数量是一个还是多个，也无论前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息是一种类型的网络性能还是多种类型的网络性能，所有前向路径上的测量设备测量得到的第一测量信息均可携带在一个类型长度值字段中。该一个类型长度值字段包括至少一个子类型长度值字段，该子类型长度值字段的数量不少于网络性能的类型的数量。
以图5A所示的目标字段为例，该目标字段为在报文的IPv6报文头中的逐跳选项头(hop-by-hop options header)中扩展的整体HBH OAM相关的类型长度值(type length value，TLV)字段，该TLV字段内部包含如时延信息、路径信息等网络性能的类型对应的子TLV，每个类型的网络性能的测量信息携带在一个子类型长度值字段中。例如，针对时延这种类型的网络性能的网络信息，携带在时延(HBH delay)所对应的子类型长度值字段，该子类型长度值字段包括字段长度(length)及数值(value)。例如，针对路径信息这种类型的网络性能的网络信息，携带在路径信息(HBH path)所对应的子类型长度值字段，该子类型长度值字段包括字段长度(length)及数值(value)。其中，每个子类型长度值字段均有各自的字段长度和数值，而该类型长度值字段中的长度(LENGTH)用于指示整个类型长度值字段的长度。
第二种：目标字段包括至少一个类型长度值字段，至少一个类型长度值字段中的任一类型长度值字段对应一种类型的网络性能，任一类型长度值字段用于携带对应类型的网络性能的测量信息。
针对该第二种目标字段的形式，如果前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息包括多种类型的网络性能的测量信息，则每种类型的网络性能的测量信息均携带在一个类型长度值字段中，不同类型的网络性能的网络信息携带在不同的类型长度值字段中。
以图5B所示的目标字段为例，该目标字段为扩展多个并列的如时延信息、路径信息等网 络性能的类型对应的TLV，每个类型的网络性能的测量信息携带在一个类型长度值字段中。例如，针对时延这种类型的网络性能的测量信息，携带在时延(HBH delay)所对应的类型长度值字段，该类型长度值字段包括字段长度(length)及数值(value)。例如，针对路径信息这种类型的网络性能的测量信息，携带在路径信息(HBH path)所对应的类型长度值字段，该类型长度值字段包括字段长度(length)及数值(value)。例如图5C为第二种目标字段形式下时延TLV的一种示例图。
关于第一主动测量协议报文采用第一种目标字段的形式还是第二种目标字段的形式，本申请实施例不进行限定，中间设备根据报文包含的TLV类型决定如何封装数据。
在示例性实施例中，第一主动测量协议报文还包括测量类型标识，该测量类型标识用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量的网络性能的类型。本申请实施例不对测量类型标识的形式进行限定，也不对该测量类型标识携带在第一主动测量协议报文的位置进行限定。
在示例性实施例中，第一网络设备是前向路径上的头节点，该前向路径的信息可预先配置在第一网络设备节点上。例如，第一网络设备上配置有前向路径上的各个节点的标识，则第一网络设备能够确定前向路径的尾节点是第二网络设备，从而向第二网络设备发送该第一主动测量协议报文。或者，第一网络设备上配置有前向路径的尾节点的标识，该第一网络设备根据该尾节点的标识能够确定第二网络设备，从而向第二网络设备发送第一主动测量协议报文。
另外，无论是上述哪种确定前向路径的尾节点的方式，第一网络设备为了能向第二网络设备发送该第一主动测量协议报文，该第一网络设备将该第一主动测量协议报文发送给前向路径上的该第一网络设备的下一跳中间设备。
本申请实施例提供的方法，通过第一主动测量协议报文来携带测量指示信息，从而指示测量路径上的测量设备来测量网络性能，且该测量设备可以是测量路径上的中间设备，因此，实现了中间设备主动测量网络性能，使得测量网络性能的节点范围更全，获取到的测量信息也更为全面，进而能够适应大规模网络对于性能数据采集的需求。且上报测量信息的方式有多种，使得收集测量信息的方式更为灵活。
以第三网络设备执行该方法为例，对本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量方法进行说明。示例性地，该第三网络设备为测量路径上需要测量网络性能的中间设备。参见图6，该方法包括但不限于如下几个过程。
601，第三网络设备接收第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文，第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，前向路径为第一主动测量协议报文的转发路径，第一网络设备和第二网络设备为前向路径的两端，前向路径上的测量设备包括前向路径上的至少一个中间设备，且前向路径上的测量设备包括第三网络设备。
第三网络设备是第一网络设备与第二网络设备之间的网络设备，是前向路径上的中间设备，第一网络设备为前向路径的头节点，第二网络设备为前向路径的尾节点。该第三网络设备可以是第一网络设备的下一跳节点设备，则第三网络设备直接从第一网络设备处接收到第一主动测量协议报文。可选地，该第三网络设备也可以不是该第一网络设备的下一跳节点设备，第三网络设备接收到的第一主动测量协议报文是由第三网络设备之前的中间设备转发的该第一网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文。无论是哪种情况，本申请实施例以第三网络 设备为前向路径上的测量设备为例进行说明。
602，第三网络设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能以得到第一测量信息，发送该第一测量信息。
第三网络设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能以得到第一测量信息之前，需要先获得测量指示信息。由于第一主动测量协议报文中的测量指示信息具有不同的形式，因而第三网络设备获得测量指示信息的方式也有多种，包括但不限于如下三种情况。
情况一：测量指示信息包括在段列表中前向路径上的测量设备对应的段标识中。第三网络设备确定第一主动测量协议报文的目的地址字段包括本地段标识，且本地段标识包括测量指示信息。
该情况一下，第一主动测量协议报文包括段列表，段列表用于指示前向路径，测量指示信息包括在段列表中前向路径上的测量设备对应的段标识中。如上述201所述，该段列表以OAM信息的形式携带在第一主动测量协议报文中。包含测量指示信息的段标识可以是包括OAM信息的段标识。具体的，包含测量指示信息的段标识可以是End.OP和End.OTP。
根据SR网络的报文转发过程，段列表中对应前向路径上的网络设备的段标识依次被更新至所述第一主动测量协议报文的IPv6报文头的目的地址(destination address,DA)字段中。前向路径上的网络设备接收到所述第一主动测量协议报文后，如果发现所述第一主动测量协议报文的DA字段中包括的段标识为本地段标识，则按照该本地段标识对应的指令集合处理报文。因此，第三网络设备可以从所述第一主动测量协议报文的DA字段获得所述第三网络设备的段标识。并且，如果第三网络设备的段标识包括End.OP或End.OTP，则第三网络设备从第三网络设备对应的段标识中获得测量指示信息，该测量指示信息用于指示该第三网络设备作为前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能。
情况二：第一主动测量协议报文包括IOAM头，测量指示信息包括在IOAM头中。第三网络设备从IOAM头中获得测量指示信息，第三网络设备为具有IOAM测量使能的设备。
由于第一主动测量协议报文中包括IOAM头，第三网络设备具有IOAM测量使能，如果第一主动测量协议报文中未携带段列表，则第三网络设备接收到第一主动测量协议报文后，触发测量网络性能。
情况三：测量指示信息包括第一指示信息和第二指示信息，第一主动测量协议报文包括IOAM头和段列表，第一指示信息包括在IOAM头中，段列表用于指示前向路径，第二指示信息包括在段列表中前向路径上的测量设备对应的段标识中。第三网络设备从IOAM头中获得第一测量指示信息；第三网络设备从第三网络设备对应的段标识中获得第二测量指示信息。
在情况三中，由第三网络设备接收到第一主动测量协议报文后，从IOAM头中获得第一测量指示信息，从段列表中该第三网络设备对应的段标识中获得第二测量指示信息，从而触发第三网络设备测量网络性能。
情况四：测量指示信息为主动测量协议报文中的特定标识，例如，测量指示信息可以是主动测量协议报文的报文头中某个字段包括的特定标识。当中间设备从主动测量协议报文中获取该特定标识时，中间设备进行网络性能的测量。
无论第三网络设备是在上述哪种情况下获得测量指示信息，都将触发第三网络设备测量网络性能以得到第一测量信息。在示例性实施例中，第一主动测量协议报文还包括测量类型标识，该测量类型标识用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量的网络性能的类型。因此，第三 网络设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能以得到第一测量信息的方式，包括但不限于第三网络设备根据测量指示信息，测量测量类型标识指示的网络性能的类型，以得到第一测量信息。其中，网络性能的类型包括但不限于时延信息、抖动信息、路径信息、丢包信息以及带宽信息中的一种或多种。其中，所述时延信息可以是报文在某台网络设备内部的时延信息，也可以是报文在某段网络链路上的时延信息。
在本申请实施例中，所述第三网络设备测量网络性能，可以是获得上述多种网络性能类型的各种检测方式。例如，当所述网络性能类型为时延信息时，所述第三网络设备测量网络性能，可以是指第三网络设备获得第一主动测量协议报文到达该设备的时间戳。
第三网络设备测量得到第一测量信息之后，发送该第一测量信息。示例性地，第三网络设备发送该第一测量信息的方式，包括：第三网络设备将测量得到的第一测量信息携带在第一主动测量协议报文中，向第二网络设备发送携带了第一测量信息的第一主动测量协议报文。
例如，第三网络设备将测量得到的第一测量信息携带在第一主动测量协议报文的节点数据列表中或者类型长度值字段中。示例性地，节点数据列表包括图4B所示的格式，类型长度值字段包括图5A或图5B所示的两种形式，第三网络设备根据类型长度值字段的形式来封装第一测量信息。
采用上述哪种方式发送第一测量信息，本申请实施例不进行限定。例如，第一主动测量协议报文未包括用于携带第一测量信息的类型长度值字段，但包括节点数据列表，第三网络设备将第一测量信息携带在第一主动测量协议报文的节点数据列表中，向第二网络设备发送携带了第一测量信息的第一主动测量协议报文。
又例如，如果第一主动测量协议报文未包括节点数据列表，但包括用于携带第一测量信息的类型长度值字段，则第三网络设备将第一测量信息携带在第一主动测量协议报文的类型长度值字段中，向第二网络设备发送携带了第一测量信息的第一主动测量协议报文。
又例如，如果第一主动测量协议报文既包括节点数据列表，也包括用于携带第一测量信息的类型长度值字段，则第三网络设备既可以将第一测量信息携带在第一主动测量协议报文的类型长度值字段中，也可以将第一测量信息携带在第一主动测量协议报文的节点数据列表中。
无论将第一测量信息携带在节点数据列表中还是携带在类型长度值字段中，第三网络设备均将第一测量信息携带在第一主动测量协议报文中发送给第二网络设备，由第二网络设备来汇总所有的测量信息，因此，第三网络设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能，发送第一测量信息之后，还包括：接收第二网络设备发送的第二报文，第二报文包括前向路径上的第一测量设备根据第一主动测量协议报文测量得到的第一测量信息；向第一网络设备发送第二报文。
相应的，第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送第一主动测量协议报文之后，还包括：第一网络设备接收第二网络设备向第一网络设备发送的第二报文，第二报文包括第一测量设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息。
需要说明的是，第二报文可以是普通的报文，能够携带所有第一测量设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息即可。或者，所述第二报文为所述第一主动测量协议报文的反射测试报文，所述第二报文还包括反向指示信息，所述反向指示信息用于指示反向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述反向路径为所述第二报文的转发路径，所述第二网络 设备和所述第一网络设备为所述反向路径的两端，所述反向路径上的测量设备包括所述反向路径上的至少一个中间设备。也就是说，所述第一网络设备为第一主动测量协议报文的发送端，所述第二网络设备为第一主动测量协议报文的反射端。第二报文也是主动测量协议报文，例如该第二报文是第二主动测量协议报文，该第二主动测量协议报文的内容与第一主动测量协议报文的内容类似，还包括但不限于反向指示信息，反向指示信息用来指示接收到第二主动测量协议报文的反向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能。
该种情况下，反向路径上的测量设备与前向路径上的测量设备相同，或者，反向路径上的测量设备与前向路径上的测量设备不同。第三网络设备接收第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文之后，第三网络设备接收第二网络设备发送的第二主动测量协议报文；第三网络设备根据反向指示信息测量网络性能以得到第二测量信息；第三网络设备发送第二测量信息。
例如，第三网络设备接收到该第二主动测量协议报文后，测量网络性能，将得到的第二测量信息携带在该第二主动测量协议报文中沿反向路径发送。
示例性地，第二主动测量协议报文中不仅包括反向路径上的测量设备根据反向指示信息测量网络性能得到的第二测量信息，还包括前向路径上的测量设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息。
相应的，第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送第一主动测量协议报文之后，该方法还包括：第一网络设备接收第二网络设备发送的第二主动测量协议报文，第二主动测量协议报文包括反向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能得到的第二测量信息。可选地，该第二主动测量协议报文中还包括前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息。
在示例性实施例中，第一网络设备接收第二网络设备发送的第二报文之后，方法还包括：所述第一网络设备根据所述第一测量信息获得网络性能的测量结果。即第一网络设备进行网络性能的统计和管理。另外，如果第二报文为第二主动测量协议报文，且该第二主动测量协议报文中包括第一测量信息和第二测量信息，则第一网络设备可根据该第一测量信息和第二测量信息获得网络性能的测量结果。
在示例性实施例中，第一网络设备接收第二网络设备发送的第二报文之后，方法还包括：第一网络设备向控制设备发送第一测量信息。通过向控制设备发送第一测量信息，由控制设备进行网络性能的统计和管理。另外，如果第二报文为第二主动测量协议报文，且该第二主动测量协议报文中包括第一测量信息和第二测量信息，则第一网络设备可将该第一测量信息和第二测量信息均发送给控制设备。
在示例性实施例中，第三网络设备还可直接将测量得到的第一测量信息上报给控制设备，示例性地，第三网络设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能得到第一测量信息，发送第一测量信息，包括：根据测量指示信息测量网络性能得到第一测量信息，向控制设备发送第一测量信息。也就是说，每个测量设备并不将测量得到的第一测量信息往下一跳传递，直至尾节点，由尾节点汇总，而是由每个测量设备单独上报给控制设备。在实施时，第三网络设备采用哪种方式发送第一测量信息，本申请实施例不进行限定。
同理，第三网络设备测量得到第二测量信息后，也可直接将第二测量信息上报给控制设备，也就是说，每个测量设备并不将测量得到的第二测量信息往下一跳传递，直至尾节点，而是由每个测量设备单独上报给控制设备。在实施时，第三网络设备采用哪种方式发送第二 测量信息，本申请实施例不进行限定。
本申请实施例提供的方法，通过第一主动测量协议报文来携带测量指示信息，从而指示前向路径上的测量设备来测量网络性能，且该测量设备是前向路径上的中间设备，因此，实现了中间设备主动测量网络性能，使得测量网络性能的范围更全，获取到的测量信息也更为全面，进而能够适应大规模网络对于性能数据采集的需求。且上报测量信息的方式有多种，使得收集测量信息的方式更为灵活。此外，本申请实施例提供的方法还可实现往返路径上的测量，测量方式更为灵活全面。
以第二网络设备执行该方法为例，对本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量方法进行说明。参见图7，该方法包括但不限于如下几个过程。
701，第二网络设备接收第一网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文。
其中，第二网络设备是前向路径上的尾节点，该第二网络设备接收第一网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文可由中间设备转发。由于第一主动测量协议报文中包括测量指示信息，测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，因而前向路径上的测量设备根据测量指示信息测量了网络性能。前向路径上的测量设备包括前向路径上的至少一个中间设备，第一主动测量协议报文还包括前向路径上的测量设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息，第一网络设备是前向路径的头节点，第二网络设备是前向路径的尾节点。
针对前向路径上的测量设备将测量得到的第一测量信息携带在第一主动测量协议报文中的情况，该第二网络设备接收到该第一主动测量协议报文后，可获取到第一测量信息。
702，第二网络设备发送第一测量信息。
第二网络设备获取到前向路径上的测量设备测量得到的第一测量信息后，发送第一测量信息。发送第一测量信息的方式包括但不限于如下两种。
第一种：第二网络设备将第一测量信息携带在第二报文中，向第一网络设备发送第二报文。
可选的，该第二报文是普通的报文，能够携带所有前向路径上的测量设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息即可。
可选的，该第二报文也是主动测量协议报文。具体的，第一网络设备为第一主动测量协议报文的发送端，第二网络设备为第一主动测量协议报文的反射端，第二网络设备收到第一主动测量协议报文后，生成第一主动测量协议报文的反射测试报文(reflected test packet)，即第二报文，并将反射测试报文向第一网络设备发送。所述反向路径为所述反射测试报文的转发路径，所述第二网络设备和所述第一网络设备为所述反向路径的两端，所述反向路径上的测量设备包括所述反向路径上的至少一个中间设备。反向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能获得的第二测量信息可以携带在反射测试报文中。
示例性地，该种情况下，第二主动测量协议报文中不仅包括前向路径上的测量设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息，还包括反向路径上的测量设备根据反向指示信息测量网络性能得到的第二测量信息。
所述第二测量信息可以有两种携带方式。
第一种：第二测量信息携带在反射测试报文的节点数据列表中。此时，反射测试报文与第一主动测量协议报文的内容相似，反射测试报文也包括IOAM方式下的IOAM头和节点数据列表，并且IOAM头和节点数据列表的格式分别如图4A和图4B所示。
此时，第一测量信息携带在反射测试报文的IOAM类型长度值字段中。所述IOAM类型长度值字段的格式如图8A所示。所述IOAM类型长度值字段包括IOAM跟踪数据类型(IOAM-Tracing-Data Type)字段、长度(Length)字段以及节点数据复制列表(node data copied list)。其中节点数据复制列表用于保存上述节点数据列表的复制内容。也就是说，当第二网络设备生成反射测试报文时，将第一主动测试协议报文的节点数据列表中的内容复制到反射测试报文的节点数据复制列表中，从而在反射测试报文中携带第一测量信息。进而，当反向路径上的测量设备测量网络获得第二测量信息时，可以将第二测量信息添加在反射测试报文的节点数据列表中。从而，反射测试报文中同时携带第一测量信息和第二测量信息。
第二种：第二测量信息携带在反射测试报文的反向类型长度值字段中。
此时，主动测量报文中用于携带测量信息的字段包括两种类型：前向类型长度值字段和反向类型长度值字段。其中，前向类型长度值字段用于携带第一测量信息，其格式如图8B所示，反向类型长度值字段用于携带第二测量信息，其格式如图8C所示。也就是说，当第二网络设备生成反射测试报文时，将第一主动测试协议报文的前向类型长度值字段中的内容复制到反射测试报文的前向类型长度值字段中，从而在反射测试报文中携带第一测量信息。进而，当反向路径上的测量设备测量网络获得第二测量信息时，可以将第二测量信息添加在反射测试报文的反向类型长度值字段中。从而，反射测试报文中同时携带第一测量信息和第二测量信息。
可选的，前向类型长度值字段和反向类型长度值字段都可以遵从上述目标字段的格式，即图5A至图5C所示的格式。
例如，第二网络设备将该第二主动测量协议报文发送给第三网络设备，第三网络设备接收到该第二主动测量协议报文后，测量网络性能得到第二测量信息，将第二测量信息携带在该第二主动测量协议报文中沿反向路径发送，直至发送到第一网络设备。该第一网络设备接收到的第二主动测量协议报文包括所有前向路径上的测量设备测量得到的第一测量信息以及反向路径上的测量设备测量得到的第二测量信息。该前向路径上的测量设备和反向路径上的测量设备可以相同，也可以不同。
需要说明的是，该第二主动测量协议报文还包括第二网络设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第三测量信息。
该种情况下，第二网络设备将第二主动测量协议报文向反向路径上的下一跳中间设备发送，该第二主动测量协议报文中包括前向路径上的测量设备测量得到的第一测量信息。每个接收到该第二主动测量协议报文的反向路径上的测量设备，根据反向指示信息触发测量网络性能，将测量得到的第二测量信息携带在第二主动测量协议报文中。
示例性地，该第二主动测量报文也可包括目标字段，通过该目标字段来携带第二测量信息。目标字段的内容介绍，参见上述201中的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
此外，反向指示信息与测量指示信息类似，也可以包括在段列表或者IOAM头中，本申请实施例对此不再赘述。
第二种：第二网络设备将第一测量信息上报给控制设备。
第二网络设备将第一测量信息上报给控制设备，由控制设备进行网络性能的统计和管理。示例性地，第二网络设备还可将第二网络设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第三测量信息上报给控制设备。
本申请实施例提供的方法，通过第一主动测量协议报文来携带测量指示信息，从而指示测量路径上的测量设备来测量网络性能，且该测量设备可以是测量路径上的中间设备，因此，实现了中间设备主动测量网络性能，使得测量网络性能的节点范围更全，获取到的测量信息也更为全面，进而能够适应大规模网络对于性能数据采集的需求。且发送测量信息的方式有多种，使得收集测量信息的方式更为灵活。此外，本申请实施例提供的方法还可实现往返路径上的测量，上报的测量信息更为全面。
本申请实施例提供了一种网络性能的测量方法，参见图9，该方法包括如下几个过程。
901，第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送第一主动测量协议报文，第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，前向路径上的测量设备包括前向路径上的至少一个中间设备，第一网络设备为前向路径的头节点，第二网络设备为前向路径的尾节点。
该901的实施方式可参见上述201的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
902，第三网络设备接收第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文。
该902的实施方式可参见上述601的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
903，第三网络设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能以得到第一测量信息，第三网络设备将测量得到的第一测量信息携带在第一主动测量协议报文中，向第二网络设备发送携带了第一测量信息的第一主动测量协议报文。
该903的实施方式可参见上述602的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
904，第二网络设备接收第一网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文。
该904的实施方式可参见上述701的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
905，第二网络设备将第一测量信息携带在第二报文中，向第一网络设备发送第二报文。
该905的实施方式可参见上述702的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
本申请实施例提供了一种网络性能的测量方法，参见图10，该方法包括如下几个过程。
1001，第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送第一主动测量协议报文，第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，前向路径上的测量设备包括前向路径上的至少一个中间设备，第一网络设备为前向路径的头节点，第二网络设备为前向路径的尾节点。
该1001的实施方式可参见上述201的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
1002，第三网络设备接收第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文。
该1002的实施方式可参见上述601的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
1003，第三网络设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能以得到第一测量信息，第三网络设备将测量得到的第一测量信息携带在第一主动测量协议报文中，向第二网络设备发送携带了第一测量信息的第一主动测量协议报文。
该1003的实施方式可参见上述602的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
1004，第二网络设备接收第一网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文。
该1004的实施方式可参见上述701的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
1005，第二网络设备将第一测量信息携带在第二报文中，向第一网络设备发送第二报文，第二报文为第一主动测量协议报文的反射测试报文。
该1005的实施方式可参见上述702的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
1006，第三网络设备接收第二网络设备向第一网络设备发送的第二报文。
1007，第三网络设备根据反向指示信息测量网络性能以得到第二测量信息，第三网络设备将测量得到的第二测量信息携带在第二报文中，向第二网络设备发送携带了第一测量信息和第二测量信息的第二报文。
该1006和1007的实施方式可参见上述图6所示实施例中的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
本申请实施例提供了一种网络性能的测量方法，参见图11，该方法包括如下几个过程。
1101，第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送第一主动测量协议报文，第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，前向路径上的测量设备包括前向路径上的至少一个中间设备，第一网络设备为前向路径的头节点，第二网络设备为前向路径的尾节点。
该1101的实施方式可参见上述201的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
1102，第三网络设备接收第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文。
该1102的实施方式可参见上述601的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
1103，第三网络设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能以得到第一测量信息，向控制设备发送第一测量信息，向第二网络设备发送第一主动测量协议报文。
该1103的实施方式可参见上述602的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
1104，第二网络设备接收第一网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文。
该1104的实施方式可参见上述701的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
1105，第二网络设备将根据测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第三测量信息上报给控制设备。
该1105的实施方式可参见上述702的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
本申请实施例提供了一种网络性能的测量方法，参见图12，该方法包括如下几个过程。
1201，第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送第一主动测量协议报文，第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，前向路径上的测量设备包括前向路径上的至少一个中间设备，第一网络设备为前向路径的头节点，第二网络设备为前向路径的尾节点。
该1201的实施方式可参见上述201的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
1202，第三网络设备接收第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文。
该1202的实施方式可参见上述601的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
1203，第三网络设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能以得到第一测量信息，第三网络设备将测量得到的第一测量信息携带在第一主动测量协议报文中，向第二网络设备发送携带了第一测量信息的第一主动测量协议报文。
该1203的实施方式可参见上述602的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
1204，第二网络设备接收第一网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文。
该1204的实施方式可参见上述701的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
1205，第二网络设备将第一测量信息上报给控制设备。
该1205的实施方式可参见上述702的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
接下来，以如下几个场景为例，对本申请实施例提供的方法进行举例说明。
以在图13所示的场景下，收集每一跳的时延数据为例进行说明，该网络性能的测量方法 包括但不限于如下几个过程。
1301，第一网络设备即发送端(Sender)获取第一主动测量协议报文，以第一主动测量协议报文为STAMP报文为例，在STAMP报文的option TLV部分插入与待测量性能相关的HBH OAM TLV。该HBH OAM TLV为用于携带测量信息的目标字段，该目标字段也即类型长度值字段。目标字段的形式如图5A或图5B所示。该STAMP报文中包括测量指示信息，例如测量指示信息包括在段标识中。
1302，第三网络设备(是在前向路径上的中间设备中选择出来的测量设备)基于任意触发条件，例如，STAMP报文中的测量指示信息将对应的节点信息与STAMP报文上送至控制面。
1303，控制面OAM进程基于STAMP报文中携带的OAM TLV类型进行第一测量信息的封装，并修正TLV的长度。之后，第三网络设备将封装了第一测量信息的STAMP报文向下一跳中间设备发送，直至发送至尾节点。
如果第三网络设备与尾节点之间的中间设备不是测量设备，则直接转发接收到的STAMP报文。如果第三网络设备与尾节点中间的中间设备是测量设备，则采用第三网络设备的处理方式测量网络性能，将测量得到的第一测量信息封装到STAMP报文中继续发送。
1304，第二网络设备即反射端(reflector)收到sender发送的STAMP报文时，拷贝STAMP报文中携带的OAM TLV部分至第二(reply)报文，并将第二报文发送给Sender。
第二报文为非主动测量协议报文，该第二报文携带了第一测量信息，由第二网络设备与第一网络设备之间的中间设备依次发送，直至发送到第一网络设备，也即Sender。
1305，Sender收到第二报文后，解析第二报文中的OAM TLV和原STAMP报文中性能相关部分，本节点处理或上送控制器。
以图14所示的SR路径上逐跳传输时延信息的场景下，收集SR Policy的某条候选路径R1到R5以及R5到R1两个方向上各链路(link)的时延信息为例，对该网络性能的测量方法进行说明。该方法包括但不限于如下几个过程。
1401，第一网络设备也即发送端(Sender)R1获取STAMP报文，即第一报文，STAMP报文的SRH中封装用于指示前向路径的段列表<2000::1,3000::1,4000::1>，在STAMP报文的扩展TLV部分携带OAM TLV以及Path TLV，Path TLV用于记录反向路径，即返程路径信息<4000::1,3000::1,2000::1>。其中，2000::1,3000::1,4000::1均为包括End.OTP的段标识，因而2000::1,3000::1,4000::1对应的R2、R3、R4节点均为前向路径上的测量设备，同理R2、R3、R4节点也为反向路径上的测量设备。
1402，Sender向第二网络设备也即反射端(Reflector)R5发送STAMP报文，发往尾节点的报文依次经过R2、R3、R4节点，由于STAMP报文中封装了End.OTP SID，R2、R3、R4节点的转发面会将原始报文打上接收时间戳并上送到控制面(每个设备各自的控制面)，控制面OAM进程会将时间戳数据拷贝到OAM TLV中，至此收集到时间戳信息T2-T7。例如，比较T2和T3可以获得报文在R2内部的时延信息，比较T3和T4可以获得报文在R2至R3之间的网络链路上的时延信息。
1403，Reflector(即R5)收到STAMP报文时记录接收时间T8，并生成第二报文，也称为reply报文，将第一报文中的OAM TLV的内容拷贝至第二报文中，将第二报文发送给Sender，记录发送时间T9。
1404，第二报文的处理方式与Sender发送的STAMP报文的处理方式一致，得到时间戳信息T10-T15。
1405，Sender收到第二报文，记录接收时间T16，并且可从第二报文中提取时间戳信息T1-T15，这些值可用于计算网络时延信息。
该图14所示实施例中的网络性能的测量方法，相比未携带测量指示信息的STAMP报文和TWAMP报文的方式，无需给每条link上配置一个实例便可实现测量路径上的中间设备测量网络性能，因而该实施例提供的方法更易于管理。
以结合IOAM的测量能力，即STAMP报文结合IOAM头来共同完成中间设备的测量为例，对本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量方法进行说明。该方法在STAMP报文中扩展HBH OAM相关的TLV用于携带中间设备的性能信息，HBH OAM相关的TLV的格式与图13所示实施例一致，主要区别在于本实施例扩展的TLV主要用于返程时携带去程测量得到的第一测量信息。如图13所示，去程包括R1、R2、R3到R4组成的前向路径，返程包括R4、R3、R2到R1组成的反向路径。图15为一种将去程报文中IOAM信息复制到返程报文HBH OAM TLV的示例，包括但不限于如下几个过程。
1501，第一网络设备Sender端获取STAMP报文，在STAMP报文的option TLV部分插入待测量性能相关的HBH OAM TLV，并且为STAMP报文封装IOAM头。
其中，第一网络设备侧具有基于STAMP的源目的IP配置的访问控制列表(access control list，ACL)，该ACL是由一系列permit或deny语句组成的、有序的规则集合。该ACL用于创建IOAM实例，从而指示中间设备对匹配性能的数据流进行测量信息的收集。
1502，作为前向路径上的测量设备的网络设备基于IOAM头在数据面收集相关的性能数据即测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息，并将第一测量信息记录在HBH头中。之后，测量设备将该携带了第一测量信息的STAMP报文向前向路径的下一跳节点发送，直至发送到尾节点，也即Reflector。
1503，Reflector收到sender发送的STAMP报文时，拷贝IOAM数据至OAM TLV中。
1504，Reflector拷贝原STAMP报文中的OAM TLV部分至第二(reply)报文中，如图15中箭头所示，并发送给Sender。该第二报文可为主动测量协议报文。
1505，回程时，由于该第二报文为主动测量协议报文，则回程的反向路径上的测量设备仍可进行IOAM数据收集，也即收集测量设备测量网络性能得到的第二测量信息，最终完整的测量信息由HBH头中的IOAM数据和OAM TLV中携带的性能数据共同组成。
以SR路径上逐跳收集时延信息，且利用IOAM头收集SR Policy的某条候选路径R1到R5以及R5到R1两个方向上各链路的时延信息为例，场景示意图如图16，对该本申请实施例提供的网络性能的测量方法进行说明。包括但不限于如下几个过程。
1601，第一网络设备也即发送节点(Sender)R1获取STAMP报文，该STAMP报文的SRH中封装前向路径的路径信息<2000::1,3000::1,4000::1>。
可选地，在STAMP报文中扩展TLV部分携带Path TLV，通过该Path TLV记录返程路径信息也即反向路径上的节点标识<4000::1,3000::1,2000::1>。此外，基于STAMP报文的源目的IP配置ACL，使对应的STAMP报文封装对应的IOAM头，通过该IOAM头指示中间设备测量网络性能，从而实现测量信息的收集。
1602，Sender向尾节点Reflector发送该STAMP报文，该发往Reflector的STAMP报文依次经过R2、R3、R4节点设备，由于中间设备R2、R3、R4支持IOAM的测量能力，且段列表中包括R2、R3、R4对应节点的标识，R2、R3、R4节点设备的转发面会依次将时间戳信息T2-T7封装到HBH头中。
1603，Reflector收到STAMP报文后，获取第二报文，即reply报文，将STAMP报文的HBH头中的时间戳信息拷贝至reply报文的HBH OAM TLV中，将reply报文发送给Sender。
1604，Reply报文的处理方式与Sender发送的STAMP报文的处理方式一致，得到时间戳信息T10-T15，携带在HBH头中。
1605，Sender收到Reply报文，记录接收时间T16，并且可从Reply报文的OAM TLV中提取时间戳信息T2-T7，从HBH头中提取时间戳信息T10-T15，结合STAMP报文中原始性能数据信息可计算得到各链路的传输时延。
与图14所示的实施例中提供的方法相比，图16所示的实施例中提供的方法中，测量路径上的网络设备采用IOAM的测量方式，由网络设备的转发面收集测量信息，无需将测量信息上送控制面处理，提高了测量效率。但图16所示的实施例中提供的方法中需要测量设备具备IOAM测量使能，也即IOAM测量能力。
以上介绍了本申请实施例的网络性能的测量方法，与上述方法对应，本申请实施例还提供网络性能的测量装置。
图17是本申请实施例提供的一种网络性能的测量装置的结构示意图，该装置应用于第一网络设备，该第一网络设备为上述图2及9-16任一附图所示的第一网络设备。基于图17所示的如下多个模块，该图17所示的网络性能的测量装置能够执行第一网络设备所执行的全部或部分操作。应理解到，该装置可以包括比所示模块更多的附加模块或者省略其中所示的一部分模块，本申请实施例对此并不进行限制。如图17所示，该装置包括：
发送模块1701，用于向第二网络设备发送第一主动测量协议报文，第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，前向路径上的测量设备包括前向路径上的至少一个中间设备，第一网络设备为前向路径的头节点，第二网络设备为前向路径的尾节点。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一主动测量协议报文包括段列表，段列表用于指示前向路径，测量指示信息包括在段列表中前向路径上的测量设备对应的段标识中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一主动测量协议报文包括带内操作维护管理IOAM头，测量指示信息包括在IOAM头中，前向路径上的测量设备包括前向路径上具有IOAM测量使能的中间设备。
在一种可能的实现方式中，测量指示信息包括第一指示信息和第二指示信息，第一主动测量协议报文包括IOAM头和段列表，第一指示信息包括在IOAM头中，段列表用于指示前向路径，第二指示信息包括在段列表中前向路径上的测量设备对应的段标识中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，装置还包括：
接收模块，用于接收第二网络设备发送的第二报文，第二报文包括前向路径上的测量设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一主动测量协议报文还包括反向路径上的测量设备的标识， 反向路径上的测量设备包括反向路径上的至少一个中间设备，反向路径的头节点为第二网络设备，反向路径的尾节点为第一网络设备；第二报文为针对反向路径的主动测量协议报文，第二报文还包括反向指示信息，反向指示信息用于指示反向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，反向路径上的测量设备与前向路径上的测量设备相同，或者，反向路径上的测量设备与前向路径上的测量设备不同。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一测量信息包括在第二报文的类型长度值字段中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，发送模块1701，还用于向控制设备发送第一测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一主动测量协议报文还包括测量类型标识，测量类型标识用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量的网络性能的类型。
在一种可能的实现方式中，网络性能的类型包括以下一种或多种：时延信息、抖动信息、路径信息、丢包信息以及带宽信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一主动测量协议报文包括简单的双向主动测量协议STAMP报文、单向主动先测量协议OWAMP报文或双向主动测量协议TWAMP报文。
图18是本申请实施例提供的一种网络性能的测量装置的结构示意图，该装置应用于第三网络设备，该第三网络设备为上述图6及9-16任一附图所示的第三网络设备。基于图18所示的如下多个模块，该图18所示的网络性能的测量装置能够执行第三网络设备所执行的全部或部分操作。应理解到，该装置可以包括比所示模块更多的附加模块或者省略其中所示的一部分模块，本申请实施例对此并不进行限制。如图18所示，该装置包括：
接收模块1801，用于接收第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文，第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，前向路径上的测量设备包括前向路径上的至少一个中间设备，且前向路径上的测量设备包括第三网络设备，第一网络设备为前向路径的头节点，第二网络设备为前向路径的尾节点；
测量模块1802，用于根据测量指示信息测量网络性能以得到第一测量信息；
发送模块1803，用于发送第一测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一主动测量协议报文包括段列表，段列表用于指示前向路径，测量指示信息包括在段列表中前向路径上的测量设备对应的段标识中；测量模块1802，还用于确定第一主动测量协议报文的目的地址字段包括本地段标识，且本地段标识包括测量指示信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一主动测量协议报文包括带内操作维护管理IOAM头，测量指示信息包括在IOAM头中；测量模块1802，还用于从IOAM头中获得测量指示信息，第三网络设备为具有IOAM测量使能的设备。
在一种可能的实现方式中，测量指示信息包括第一指示信息和第二指示信息，第一主动测量协议报文包括IOAM头和段列表，第一指示信息包括在IOAM头中，段列表用于指示前向路径，第二指示信息包括在段列表中前向路径上的测量设备对应的段标识中；测量模块1802，还用于从IOAM头中获得第一指示信息；从第三网络设备对应的段标识中获得第二指示信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，发送模块1803，用于将第一测量信息携带在第一主动测量协议报文中，向第二网络设备发送携带第一测量信息的第一主动测量协议报文。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一测量信息携带在第一主动测量协议报文的IOAM头中或 类型长度值字段中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，发送模块1803，用于向控制设备发送第一测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，接收模块1801，还用于接收第二网络设备向第一网络设备发送的第二主动测量协议报文，第二主动测量协议报文包括反向指示信息，反向指示信息用于指示反向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，反向路径上的测量设备包括反向路径上的至少一个中间设备，反向路径的头节点为第二网络设备，反向路径的尾节点为第一网络设备，且反向路径上的测量设备包括第三网络设备；测量模块1802，还用于根据反向指示信息测量网络性能以得到第二测量信息；发送模块1803，还用于发送第二测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第二主动测量协议报文包括第一测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一主动测量协议报文包括测量类型标识，测量类型标识用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量的网络性能的类型；测量模块1802，用于根据测量指示信息，测量测量类型标识指示的网络性能的类型，以得到第一测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，网络性能的类型包括以下一种或多种：时延信息、抖动信息、路径信息、丢包信息以及带宽信息。
图19是本申请实施例提供的一种网络性能的测量装置的结构示意图，该装置应用于第二网络设备，该第二网络设备为上述图7及9-16任一附图所示的第二网络设备。基于图19所示的如下多个模块，该图19所示的网络性能的测量装置能够执行第二网络设备所执行的全部或部分操作。应理解到，该装置可以包括比所示模块更多的附加模块或者省略其中所示的一部分模块，本申请实施例对此并不进行限制。如图19所示，该装置包括：
接收模块1901，用于接收第一网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文，第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，前向路径上的测量设备包括前向路径上的至少一个中间设备，第一主动测量协议报文还包括前向路径上的测量设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息，第一网络设备是前向路径的头节点，第二网络设备是前向路径的尾节点；
发送模块1902，用于发送第一测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，发送模块1902，用于向第一网络设备发送第二报文，第二报文包括第一测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一主动测量协议报文还包括反向路径上的测量设备的标识，反向路径上的测量设备包括反向路径上的至少一个中间设备，反向路径的头节点为第二网络设备，反向路径的尾节点为第一网络设备；第二报文为主动测量协议报文，第二报文还包括反向指示信息，反向指示信息用于指示反向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一测量信息包括在第二报文的类型长度值字段中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，发送模块1902，用于向控制设备发送第一测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第二主动测量协议报文还包括第二网络设备根据测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第三测量信息；发送模块1902，用于发送第三测量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一测量信息包括在第一主动测量协议报文的类型长度值字段中，或者，第一测量信息包括在第一主动测量协议报文的带内操作维护管理IOAM头中。
应理解的是，上述图17-19提供的装置在实现其功能时，仅以上述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成，即将设 备的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。另外，上述实施例提供的装置与方法实施例属于同一构思，其具体实现过程详见方法实施例，这里不再赘述。
参见图20，图20示出了本申请一个示例性实施例提供的网络设备2000的结构示意图。图20所示的网络设备2000用于执行上述图2、6、7及9-16所示的网络性能的测量方法所涉及的操作。该网络设备2000例如是交换机、路由器等，该网络设备2000可以由一般性的总线体系结构来实现。
如图20所示，网络设备2000包括至少一个处理器2001、存储器2003以及至少一个通信接口2004。
处理器2001例如是通用中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)、网络处理器(network processer，NP)、图形处理器(Graphics Processing Unit，GPU)、神经网络处理器(neural-network processing units，NPU)、数据处理单元(Data Processing Unit，DPU)、微处理器或者一个或多个用于实现本申请方案的集成电路。例如，处理器2001包括专用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，可编程逻辑器件(programmable logic device，PLD)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、晶体管逻辑器件、硬件部件或者其任意组合。PLD例如是复杂可编程逻辑器件(complex programmable logic device，CPLD)、现场可编程逻辑门阵列(field-programmable gate array，FPGA)、通用阵列逻辑(generic array logic，GAL)或其任意组合。其可以实现或执行结合本发明实施例公开内容所描述的各种逻辑方框、模块和电路。所述处理器也可以是实现计算功能的组合，例如包括一个或多个微处理器组合，DSP和微处理器的组合等等。
可选的，网络设备2000还包括总线。总线用于在网络设备2000的各组件之间传送信息。总线可以是外设部件互连标准(peripheral component interconnect，简称PCI)总线或扩展工业标准结构(extended industry standard architecture，简称EISA)总线等。总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图20中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
存储器2003例如是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其它类型的静态存储设备，又如是随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其它类型的动态存储设备，又如是电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only Memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)或其它光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其它磁存储设备，或者是能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其它介质，但不限于此。存储器2003例如是独立存在，并通过总线与处理器2001相连接。存储器2003也可以和处理器2001集成在一起。
通信接口2004使用任何收发器一类的装置，用于与其它设备或通信网络通信，通信网络可以为以太网、无线接入网(RAN)或无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)等。通信接口2004可以包括有线通信接口，还可以包括无线通信接口。具体的，通信接口2004可以为以太(Ethernet)接口、快速以太(Fast Ethernet，FE)接口、千兆以太(Gigabit Ethernet，GE)接口，异步传输模式(Asynchronous Transfer Mode，ATM)接口，无线局域网(wireless  local area networks，WLAN)接口，蜂窝网络通信接口或其组合。以太网接口可以是光接口，电接口或其组合。在本申请实施例中，通信接口2004可以用于网络设备2000与其他设备进行通信。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，处理器2001可以包括一个或多个CPU，如图20中所示的CPU0和CPU1。这些处理器中的每一个可以是一个单核(single-CPU)处理器，也可以是一个多核(multi-CPU)处理器。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路、和/或用于处理数据(例如计算机程序指令)的处理核。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，网络设备2000可以包括多个处理器，如图20中所示的处理器2001和处理器2005。这些处理器中的每一个可以是一个单核处理器(single-CPU)，也可以是一个多核处理器(multi-CPU)。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路、和/或用于处理数据(如计算机程序指令)的处理核。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，网络设备2000还可以包括输出设备和输入设备。输出设备和处理器2001通信，可以以多种方式来显示信息。例如，输出设备可以是液晶显示器(liquid crystal display，LCD)、发光二级管(light emitting diode，LED)显示设备、阴极射线管(cathode ray tube，CRT)显示设备或投影仪(projector)等。输入设备和处理器2001通信，可以以多种方式接收用户的输入。例如，输入设备可以是鼠标、键盘、触摸屏设备或传感设备等。
在一些实施例中，存储器2003用于存储执行本申请方案的程序代码2010，处理器2001可以执行存储器2003中存储的程序代码2010。也即是，网络设备2000可以通过处理器2001以及存储器2003中的程序代码2010，来实现方法实施例提供的网络性能的测量方法。程序代码2010中可以包括一个或多个软件模块。可选地，处理器2001自身也可以存储执行本申请方案的程序代码或指令。
在具体实施例中，本申请实施例的网络设备2000可对应于上述各个方法实施例中的第一网络设备，网络设备2000中的处理器2001读取存储器2003中的指令，使图20所示的网络设备2000能够执行第一网络设备所执行的全部或部分操作。
具体的，处理器2001用于通过通信接口向第二网络设备发送第一主动测量协议报文，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，所述测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述前向路径为所述第一主动测量协议报文的转发路径，所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备为所述前向路径的两端，所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述前向路径上的至少一个中间设备。
其他可选的实施方式，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
又例如，本申请实施例的网络设备2000可对应于上述各个方法实施例中的第三网络设备，网络设备2000中的处理器2001读取存储器2003中的指令，使图20所示的网络设备2000能够执行第三网络设备所执行的全部或部分操作。
具体的，处理器2001用于通过通信接口接收第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，所述测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述前向路径为所述第一主动测量协议报文的转发路径，所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备为所述前向路径的两端，所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述前向路径上的至少一个中间设备，且所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述第 三网络设备；根据所述测量指示信息测量网络性能以得到第一测量信息；并通过通信接口发送所述第一测量信息。
其他可选的实施方式，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
再例如，本申请实施例的网络设备2000可对应于上述各个方法实施例中的第二网络设备，网络设备2000中的处理器2001读取存储器2003中的指令，使图20所示的网络设备2000能够执行第二网络设备所执行的全部或部分操作。
具体的，处理器2001用于通过通信接口接收第一网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，所述测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述前向路径为所述第一主动测量协议报文的转发路径，所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备为所述前向路径的两端，所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述前向路径上的至少一个中间设备；所述第一主动测量协议报文还包括所述前向路径上的测量设备根据所述测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息；以及通过通信接口发送所述第一测量信息。
其他可选的实施方式，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
网络设备2000还可以对应于上述图17-19所示的网络设备的测量装置，网络设备的测量装置中的每个功能模块采用网络设备2000的软件实现。换句话说，网络设备的测量装置包括的功能模块为网络设备2000的处理器2001读取存储器2003中存储的程序代码2010后生成的。
其中，图2、6、7及9-16所示的网络性能的测量方法的各步骤通过网络设备2000的处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器，处理器读取存储器中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤，为避免重复，这里不再详细描述。
参见图21，图21示出了本申请另一个示例性实施例提供的网络设备2100的结构示意图图21所示的网络设备2100用于执行上述图2、6、7及9-16所示的网络性能的测量方法所涉及的全部或部分操作。该网络设备2100例如是交换机、路由器等，该网络设备2100可以由一般性的总线体系结构来实现。
如图21所示，网络设备2100包括：主控板2110和接口板2130。
主控板也称为主处理单元(main processing unit，MPU)或路由处理卡(route processor card)，主控板2110用于对网络设备2100中各个组件的控制和管理，包括路由计算、设备管理、设备维护、协议处理功能。主控板2110包括：中央处理器2111和存储器2112。
接口板2130也称为线路接口单元卡(line processing unit，LPU)、线卡(line card)或业务板。接口板2130用于提供各种业务接口并实现数据包的转发。业务接口包括而不限于以太网接口、POS(Packet over SONET/SDH)接口等，以太网接口例如是灵活以太网业务接口(Flexible Ethernet Clients，FlexE Clients)。接口板2130包括：中央处理器2131网络处理器2132、转发表项存储器2134和物理接口卡(ph10sical interface card，PIC)2133。
接口板2130上的中央处理器2131用于对接口板2130进行控制管理并与主控板2110上的中央处理器2111进行通信。
网络处理器2132用于实现报文的转发处理。网络处理器2132的形态可以是转发芯片。转发芯片可以是网络处理器(network processor，NP)。在一些实施例中，转发芯片可以通过专用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)或现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)实现。具体而言，网络处理器2132用于基于转发表项存储器2134保存的转发表转发接收到的报文，如果报文的目的地址为网络设备2100的地址，则将该报文上送至CPU(如中央处理器2131)处理；如果报文的目的地址不是网络设备2100的地址，则根据该目的地址从转发表中查找到该目的地址对应的下一跳和出接口，将该报文转发到该目的地址对应的出接口。其中，上行报文的处理可以包括：报文入接口的处理，转发表查找；下行报文的处理可以包括：转发表查找等等。在一些实施例中，中央处理器也可执行转发芯片的功能，比如基于通用CPU实现软件转发，从而接口板中不需要转发芯片。
物理接口卡2133用于实现物理层的对接功能，原始的流量由此进入接口板2130，以及处理后的报文从该物理接口卡2133发出。物理接口卡2133也称为子卡，可安装在接口板2130上，负责将光电信号转换为报文并对报文进行合法性检查后转发给网络处理器2132处理。在一些实施例中，中央处理器2131也可执行网络处理器2132的功能，比如基于通用CPU实现软件转发，从而物理接口卡2133中不需要网络处理器2132。
可选地，网络设备2100包括多个接口板，例如网络设备2100还包括接口板2140，接口板2140包括：中央处理器2141、网络处理器2142、转发表项存储器2144和物理接口卡2143。接口板2140中各部件的功能和实现方式与接口板2130相同或相似，在此不再赘述。
可选地，网络设备2100还包括交换网板2120。交换网板2120也可以称为交换网板单元(switch fabric unit，SFU)。在网络设备有多个接口板的情况下，交换网板2120用于完成各接口板之间的数据交换。例如，接口板2130和接口板2140之间可以通过交换网板2120通信。
主控板2110和接口板耦合。例如。主控板2110、接口板2130和接口板2140，以及交换网板2120之间通过系统总线与系统背板相连实现互通。在一种可能的实现方式中，主控板2110和接口板2130及接口板2140之间建立进程间通信协议(inter-process communication，IPC)通道，主控板2110和接口板2130及接口板2140之间通过IPC通道进行通信。
在逻辑上，网络设备2100包括控制面和转发面，控制面包括主控板2110和中央处理器2111，转发面包括执行转发的各个组件，比如转发表项存储器2134、物理接口卡2133和网络处理器2132。控制面执行路由器、生成转发表、处理信令和协议报文、配置与维护网络设备的状态等功能，控制面将生成的转发表下发给转发面，在转发面，网络处理器2132基于控制面下发的转发表对物理接口卡2133收到的报文查表转发。控制面下发的转发表可以保存在转发表项存储器2134中。在有些实施例中，控制面和转发面可以完全分离，不在同一网络设备上。
值得说明的是，主控板可能有一块或多块，有多块的时候可以包括主用主控板和备用主控板。接口板可能有一块或多块，网络设备的数据处理能力越强，提供的接口板越多。接口板上的物理接口卡也可以有一块或多块。交换网板可能没有，也可能有一块或多块，有多块的时候可以共同实现负荷分担冗余备份。在集中式转发架构下，网络设备可以不需要交换网板，接口板承担整个系统的业务数据的处理功能。在分布式转发架构下，网络设备可以有至少一块交换网板，通过交换网板实现多块接口板之间的数据交换，提供大容量的数据交换和 处理能力。所以，分布式架构的网络设备的数据接入和处理能力要大于集中式架构的网络设备。可选地，网络设备的形态也可以是只有一块板卡，即没有交换网板，接口板和主控板的功能集成在该一块板卡上，此时接口板上的中央处理器和主控板上的中央处理器在该一块板卡上可以合并为一个中央处理器，执行两者叠加后的功能，这种形态网络设备的数据交换和处理能力较低(例如，低端交换机或路由器等网络设备)。具体采用哪种架构，取决于具体的组网部署场景，此处不做任何限定。
在具体实施例中，网络设备2100对应于上述图17所示的应用于第一网络设备的网络性能的测量装置。在一些实施例中，图17所示的网络性能的测量装置中的发送模块1601相当于网络设备2100中的物理接口卡2133。
在一些实施例中，网络设备2100还对应于上述图18所示的应用于第三网络设备的网络性能的测量装置。在一些实施例中，图18所示的网络性能的测量装置中的接收模块1701及发送模块1803相当于网络设备2100中的物理接口卡2133；测量模块1702相当于网络设备2100中的中央处理器2111或网络处理器2132。
在一些实施例中，网络设备2100还对应于上述图19所示的应用于第二网络设备的网络性能的测量装置。在一些实施例中，图19所示的网络性能的测量装置中的接收模块1901及发送模块1902相当于网络设备2100中的物理接口卡2133。
基于上述图20及图21所示的网络设备，本申请实施例还提供了一种网络性能的测量系统，该测量系统包括：第一网络设备、第二网络设备及第三网络设备。可选的，第一网络设备为图20所示的网络设备2000或图21所示的网络设备2100，第二网络设备为图20所示的网络设备2000或图21所示的网络设备2100，第三网络设备为图20所示的网络设备2000或图21所示的网络设备2100。
第一网络设备、第二网络设备及第三网络设备所执行的网络性能的测量方法可参见上述图2、6、7、9-16所示实施例的相关描述，此处不再加以赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种通信装置，该装置包括：收发器、存储器和处理器。其中，该收发器、该存储器和该处理器通过内部连接通路互相通信，该存储器用于存储指令，该处理器用于执行该存储器存储的指令，以控制收发器接收信号，并控制收发器发送信号，并且当该处理器执行该存储器存储的指令时，使得该处理器执行第一网络设备所需执行的方法。
本申请实施例还提供了一种通信装置，该装置包括：收发器、存储器和处理器。其中，该收发器、该存储器和该处理器通过内部连接通路互相通信，该存储器用于存储指令，该处理器用于执行该存储器存储的指令，以控制收发器接收信号，并控制收发器发送信号，并且当该处理器执行该存储器存储的指令时，使得该处理器执行第三网络设备所需执行的方法。
本申请实施例还提供了一种通信装置，该装置包括：收发器、存储器和处理器。其中，该收发器、该存储器和该处理器通过内部连接通路互相通信，该存储器用于存储指令，该处理器用于执行该存储器存储的指令，以控制收发器接收信号，并控制收发器发送信号，并且当该处理器执行该存储器存储的指令时，使得该处理器执行第二网络设备所需执行的方法。
应理解的是，上述处理器可以是中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processing，DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(field－programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件 等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者是任何常规的处理器等。值得说明的是，处理器可以是支持进阶精简指令集机器(advanced RISC machines，ARM)架构的处理器。
进一步地，在一种可选的实施例中，上述存储器可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器提供指令和数据。存储器还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器。例如，存储器还可以存储设备类型的信息。
该存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)，其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明，许多形式的RAM可用。例如，静态随机存取存储器(static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(dynamic random access memory，DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(double data date SDRAM，DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(synchlink DRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(direct rambus RAM，DR RAM)。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，存储介质中存储有至少一条指令，指令由处理器加载并执行以实现如上任一所述的网络性能的测量方法。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机程序(产品)，当计算机程序被计算机执行时，可以使得处理器或计算机执行上述方法实施例中对应的各个步骤和/或流程。
本申请实施例还提供了一种芯片，包括处理器，用于从存储器中调用并运行所述存储器中存储的指令，使得安装有所述芯片的通信设备执行上述各方面中的方法。
本申请实施例还提供另一种芯片，包括：输入接口、输出接口、处理器和存储器，所述输入接口、输出接口、所述处理器以及所述存储器之间通过内部连接通路相连，所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中的代码，当所述代码被执行时，所述处理器用于执行上述各方面中的方法。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线)或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质，(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘Solid State Disk)等。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例中描述的各方法步骤和模块，能够以软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现，为了清楚地说明硬件和软件的可互换 性，在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地描述了各实施例的步骤及组成。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。本领域普通技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过硬件来完成，也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，该程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。
当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。该计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机程序指令。作为示例，本申请实施例的方法可以在机器可执行指令的上下文中被描述，机器可执行指令诸如包括在目标的真实或者虚拟处理器上的器件中执行的程序模块中。一般而言，程序模块包括例程、程序、库、对象、类、组件、数据结构等，其执行特定的任务或者实现特定的抽象数据结构。在各实施例中，程序模块的功能可以在所描述的程序模块之间合并或者分割。用于程序模块的机器可执行指令可以在本地或者分布式设备内执行。在分布式设备中，程序模块可以位于本地和远程存储介质二者中。
用于实现本申请实施例的方法的计算机程序代码可以用一种或多种编程语言编写。这些计算机程序代码可以提供给通用计算机、专用计算机或其他可编程的数据处理装置的处理器，使得程序代码在被计算机或其他可编程的数据处理装置执行的时候，引起在流程图和/或框图中规定的功能/操作被实施。程序代码可以完全在计算机上、部分在计算机上、作为独立的软件包、部分在计算机上且部分在远程计算机上或完全在远程计算机或服务器上执行。
在本申请实施例的上下文中，计算机程序代码或者相关数据可以由任意适当载体承载，以使得设备、装置或者处理器能够执行上文描述的各种处理和操作。载体的示例包括信号、计算机可读介质等等。
信号的示例可以包括电、光、无线电、声音或其它形式的传播信号，诸如载波、红外信号等。
机器可读介质可以是包含或存储用于或有关于指令执行系统、装置或设备的程序的任何有形介质。机器可读介质可以是机器可读信号介质或机器可读存储介质。机器可读介质可以包括但不限于电子的、磁的、光学的、电磁的、红外的或半导体系统、装置或设备，或其任意合适的组合。机器可读存储介质的更详细示例包括带有一根或多根导线的电气连接、便携式计算机磁盘、硬盘、随机存储存取器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM或闪存)、光存储设备、磁存储设备，或其任意合适的组合。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为了描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、设备和模块的具体工作过程，可以参见前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、设备和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的设备实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，该模块的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个模块或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另外，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口、设备或模块的间接耦合或通信连接，也可以是电的，机械的或其它的形式连接。
该作为分离部件说明的模块可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为模块显示的部件 可以是或者也可以不是物理模块，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络模块上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本申请实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能模块可以集成在一个处理模块中，也可以是各个模块单独物理存在，也可以是两个或两个以上模块集成在一个模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。
该集成的模块如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分，或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例中方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
本申请中术语“第一”、“第二”等字样用于对作用和功能基本相同的相同项或相似项进行区分，应理解，“第一”、“第二”、“第n”之间不具有逻辑或时序上的依赖关系，也不对数量和执行顺序进行限定。还应理解，尽管以下描述使用术语第一、第二等来描述各种元素，但这些元素不应受术语的限制。这些术语只是用于将一元素与另一元素区别分开。例如，在不脱离各种所述示例的范围的情况下，第一图像可以被称为第二图像，并且类似地，第二图像可以被称为第一图像。第一图像和第二图像都可以是图像，并且在某些情况下，可以是单独且不同的图像。
还应理解，在本申请的各个实施例中，各个过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
本申请中术语“至少一个”的含义是指一个或多个，本申请中术语“多个”的含义是指两个或两个以上，例如，多个第二报文是指两个或两个以上的第二报文。本文中术语“系统”和“网络”经常可互换使用。
应理解，在本文中对各种所述示例的描述中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定示例，而并非旨在进行限制。如在对各种所述示例的描述和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，单数形式“一个(“a”，“an”)”和“该”旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文另外明确地指示。
还应理解，本文中所使用的术语“和/或”是指并且涵盖相关联的所列出的项目中的一个或多个项目的任何和全部可能的组合。术语“和/或”，是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中的字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
还应理解，术语“包括”(也称“includes”、“including”、“comprises”和/或“comprising”)当在本说明书中使用时指定存在所陈述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、元素、和/或部件，但是并不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元素、部件、和/或其分组。
还应理解，术语“若”和“如果”可被解释为意指“当...时”(“when”或“upon”)或“响应于确定”或“响应于检测到”。类似地，根据上下文，短语“若确定...”或“若检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]”可被解释为意指“在确定...时”或“响应于确定...”或“在检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]时”或“响应于检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]”。
应理解，根据A确定B并不意味着仅仅根据A确定B，还可以根据A和/或其它信息确定B。
还应理解，说明书通篇中提到的“一个实施例”、“一实施例”、“一种可能的实现方式”意味着与实施例或实现方式有关的特定特征、结构或特性包括在本申请的至少一个实施例中。因此，在整个说明书各处出现的“在一个实施例中”或“在一实施例中”、“一种可能的实现方式”未必一定指相同的实施例。此外，这些特定的特征、结构或特性可以任意适合的方式结合在一个或多个实施例中。
以上描述仅为本申请的可选实施例，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (62)

  1. 一种网络性能的测量方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送第一主动测量协议报文，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，所述测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述前向路径为所述第一主动测量协议报文的转发路径，所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备为所述前向路径的两端，所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述前向路径上的至少一个中间设备。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括带内操作维护管理IOAM的IOAM头，所述测量指示信息包括在所述IOAM头中，所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述前向路径上具有IOAM测量能力的中间设备。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括段列表，所述段列表用于指示所述前向路径，所述测量指示信息包括在所述段列表中所述前向路径上的测量设备对应的段标识中。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送第一主动测量协议报文之后，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一网络设备接收所述第二网络设备发送的第二报文，所述第二报文包括所述前向路径上的测量设备根据所述测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二报文为所述第一主动测量协议报文的反射测试报文，所述第二报文还包括反向指示信息，所述反向指示信息用于指示反向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述反向路径为所述第二报文的转发路径，所述第二网络设备和所述第一网络设备为所述反向路径的两端，所述反向路径上的测量设备包括所述反向路径上的至少一个中间设备。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述反向路径上的测量设备与所述前向路径上的测量设备相同，或者，所述反向路径上的测量设备与所述前向路径上的测量设备不同。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二报文还包括所述反向路径上的测量设备根据所述反向指示信息测量网络性能得到的第二测量信息。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二测量信息包括在所述第二报文的反向类型长度值字段中。
  9. 根据权利要求4-8任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一测量信息包括在所述第二报文的IOAM类型长度值字段或正向类型长度值字段中。
  10. 根据权利要求4-9任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一网络设备接收所述第二网络设备发送的第二报文之后，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一网络设备根据所述第一测量信息获得网络性能的测量结果；
    所述第一网络设备向控制设备发送所述第一测量信息。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一主动测量协议报文还包括测量类型标识，所述测量类型标识用于指示所述前向路径上的测量设备测量的网络性能的类型，所述网络性能的类型包括以下一种或多种：时延信息、抖动信息、路径信息、丢包信 息以及带宽信息。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括简单的双向主动测量协议STAMP报文、单向主动先测量协议OWAMP报文或双向主动测量协议TWAMP报文。
  13. 一种网络性能的测量方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    第三网络设备接收第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，所述测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述前向路径为所述第一主动测量协议报文的转发路径，所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备为所述前向路径的两端，所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述前向路径上的至少一个中间设备，且所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述第三网络设备；
    所述第三网络设备根据所述测量指示信息测量网络性能以得到第一测量信息；
    所述第三网络设备发送所述第一测量信息。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括带内操作维护管理IOAM的IOAM头，所述测量指示信息包括在所述IOAM头中。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括段列表，所述段列表用于指示所述前向路径；
    所述第三网络设备根据所述测量指示信息测量网络性能以得到第一测量信息，包括：
    当所述第一主动测量协议报文的目的地址字段包括含有所述测量指示信息的本地段标识时，所述第三网络设备测量网络性能以得到所述第一测量信息。
  16. 根据权利要求13-15任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三网络设备发送所述第一测量信息，包括：
    所述第三网络设备将所述第一测量信息添加在所述第一主动测量协议报文中，向所述第二网络设备发送携带所述第一测量信息的所述第一主动测量协议报文。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一测量信息携带在所述第一主动测量协议报文的节点数据列表或正向类型长度值字段中。
  18. 根据权利要求13-15任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三网络设备发送所述第一测量信息，包括：
    所述第三网络设备向控制设备发送所述第一测量信息。
  19. 根据权利要求13-18任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三网络设备接收第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文之后，所述方法还包括：
    所述第三网络设备接收所述第二网络设备向所述第一网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文的反射测试报文，所述反射测试报文包括反向指示信息，所述反向指示信息用于指示反向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述反向路径为所述第二报文的转发路径，所述第二网络设备和所述第一网络设备为所述反向路径的两端，所述反向路径上的测量设备包括所述第三网络设备；
    所述第三网络设备根据所述反向指示信息测量网络性能以得到第二测量信息；
    所述第三网络设备发送所述第二测量信息。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述反射测试报文包括所述第一测量信息。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一测量信息包括在所述反射测试报 文的IOAM类型长度值字段或正向类型长度值字段中。
  22. 根据权利要求13-21任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括测量类型标识，所述测量类型标识用于指示所述前向路径上的测量设备测量的网络性能的类型，所述网络性能的类型包括以下一种或多种：时延信息、抖动信息、路径信息、丢包信息以及带宽信息。
  23. 一种网络性能的测量方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    第二网络设备接收第一网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，所述测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述前向路径为所述第一主动测量协议报文的转发路径，所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备为所述前向路径的两端，所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述前向路径上的至少一个中间设备；所述第一主动测量协议报文还包括所述前向路径上的测量设备根据所述测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息；
    所述第二网络设备发送所述第一测量信息。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二网络设备发送所述第一测量信息，包括：
    所述第二网络设备向所述第一网络设备发送第二报文，所述第二报文包括所述第一测量信息。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一测量信息包括在所述第一主动测量协议报文的节点数据列表中，所述第一测量信息包括在所述第二报文的IOAM类型长度值字段中；
    所述第二网络设备向所述第一网络设备发送第二报文，包括：
    所述第二网络设备将所述第一测量信息从所述节点数据列表中拷贝至所述IOAM类型长度值字段中。
  26. 根据权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一测量信息包括在所述第一主动测量协议报文的正向类型长度值字段中，所述第一测量信息包括在所述第二报文的正向类型长度值字段中；
    所述第二网络设备向所述第一网络设备发送第二报文，包括：
    所述第二网络设备将所述第一测量信息从所述第一主动测量协议报文的正向类型长度值字段中拷贝至所述第二报文的正向类型长度值字段中。
  27. 根据权利要求24-26任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二报文为所述第一主动测量协议报文的反射测试报文，所述第二报文还包括反向指示信息，所述反向指示信息用于指示反向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述反向路径为所述第二报文的转发路径，所述第二网络设备和所述第一网络设备为所述反向路径的两端，所述反向路径上的测量设备包括所述反向路径上的至少一个中间设备。
  28. 根据权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二网络设备发送所述第一测量信息，包括：
    所述第二网络设备向控制设备发送所述第一测量信息。
  29. 根据权利要求23-28任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二主动测量协议报文还包括所述第二网络设备根据所述测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第三测量信息；
    所述方法还包括：
    所述第二网络设备发送所述第三测量信息。
  30. 根据权利要求23-29任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括简单的双向主动测量协议STAMP报文、单向主动先测量协议OWAMP报文或双向主动测量协议TWAMP报文。
  31. 一种网络性能的测量装置，其特征在于，所述装置应用于第一网络设备，所述装置包括：
    发送模块，用于向第二网络设备发送第一主动测量协议报文，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，所述测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述前向路径为所述第一主动测量协议报文的转发路径，所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备为所述前向路径的两端，所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述前向路径上的至少一个中间设备。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括带内操作维护管理IOAM的IOAM头，所述测量指示信息包括在所述IOAM头中，所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述前向路径上具有IOAM测量能力的中间设备。
  33. 根据权利要求31所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括段列表，所述段列表用于指示所述前向路径，所述测量指示信息包括在所述段列表中所述前向路径上的测量设备对应的段标识中。
  34. 根据权利要求31-33任一所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    接收模块，用于接收所述第二网络设备发送的第二报文，所述第二报文包括所述前向路径上的测量设备根据所述测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息。
  35. 根据权利要求34所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二报文为所述第一主动测量协议报文的反射测试报文，所述第二报文还包括反向指示信息，所述反向指示信息用于指示反向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述反向路径为所述第二报文的转发路径，所述第二网络设备和所述第一网络设备为所述反向路径的两端，所述反向路径上的测量设备包括所述反向路径上的至少一个中间设备。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的装置，其特征在于，所述反向路径上的测量设备与所述前向路径上的测量设备相同，或者，所述反向路径上的测量设备与所述前向路径上的测量设备不同。
  37. 根据权利要求35所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二报文还包括所述反向路径上的测量设备根据所述反向指示信息测量网络性能得到的第二测量信息。
  38. 根据权利要求37所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二测量信息包括在所述第二报文的反向类型长度值字段中。
  39. 根据权利要求34-38任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一测量信息包括在所述第二报文的IOAM类型长度值字段或正向类型长度值字段中。
  40. 根据权利要求31-39任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述装置还包括处理模块，所述处理模块用于根据所述第一测量信息获得网络性能的测量结果；或者，
    所述发送模块，还用于向控制设备发送所述第一测量信息。
  41. 根据权利要求31-40任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一主动测量协议报文还包 括测量类型标识，所述测量类型标识用于指示所述前向路径上的测量设备测量的网络性能的类型，所述网络性能的类型包括以下一种或多种：时延信息、抖动信息、路径信息、丢包信息以及带宽信息。
  42. 根据权利要求31-41任一所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括简单的双向主动测量协议STAMP报文、单向主动先测量协议OWAMP报文或双向主动测量协议TWAMP报文。
  43. 一种网络性能的测量装置，其特征在于，所述装置应用于第三网络设备，所述装置包括：
    接收模块，用于第三网络设备接收第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，所述测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述前向路径为所述第一主动测量协议报文的转发路径，所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备为所述前向路径的两端，所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述前向路径上的至少一个中间设备，且所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述第三网络设备；
    测量模块，用于根据所述测量指示信息测量网络性能以得到第一测量信息；
    发送模块，用于发送所述第一测量信息。
  44. 根据权利要求43所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括带内操作维护管理IOAM的IOAM头，所述测量指示信息包括在所述IOAM头中。
  45. 根据权利要求43所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括段列表，所述段列表用于指示所述前向路径；
    所述测量模块，还用于当所述第一主动测量协议报文的目的地址字段包括含有所述测量指示信息的本地段标识时，测量网络性能以得到所述第一测量信息。
  46. 根据权利要求43-45任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述发送模块，还用于将所述第一测量信息添加在所述第一主动测量协议报文中，向所述第二网络设备发送携带所述第一测量信息的所述第一主动测量协议报文。
  47. 根据权利要求46所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一测量信息携带在所述第一主动测量协议报文的节点数据列表或正向类型长度值字段中。
  48. 根据权利要求43-45任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述发送模块，还用于向控制设备发送所述第一测量信息。
  49. 根据权利要求43-48任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述接收模块，还用于接收所述第二网络设备向所述第一网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文的反射测试报文，所述反射测试报文包括反向指示信息，所述反向指示信息用于指示反向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述反向路径为所述第二报文的转发路径，所述第二网络设备和所述第一网络设备为所述反向路径的两端，所述反向路径上的测量设备包括所述第三网络设备；
    所述测量模块，还用于根据所述反向指示信息测量网络性能以得到第二测量信息；
    所述发送模块，还用于发送所述第二测量信息。
  50. 根据权利要求49所述的装置，其特征在于，所述反射测试报文包括所述第一测量信息。
  51. 根据权利要求50所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一测量信息包括在所述反射测试报 文的IOAM类型长度值字段或正向类型长度值字段中。
  52. 根据权利要求43-51任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括测量类型标识，所述测量类型标识用于指示所述前向路径上的测量设备测量的网络性能的类型，所述网络性能的类型包括以下一种或多种：时延信息、抖动信息、路径信息、丢包信息以及带宽信息。
  53. 一种网络性能的测量装置，其特征在于，所述装置应用于第二网络设备，所述装置包括：
    接收模块，用于接收第一网络设备发送的第一主动测量协议报文，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括测量指示信息，所述测量指示信息用于指示前向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述前向路径为所述第一主动测量协议报文的转发路径，所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备为所述前向路径的两端，所述前向路径上的测量设备包括所述前向路径上的至少一个中间设备；所述第一主动测量协议报文还包括所述前向路径上的测量设备根据所述测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第一测量信息；
    发送模块，用于发送所述第一测量信息。
  54. 根据权利要求53所述的装置，其特征在于，所述发送模块，用于向所述第一网络设备发送第二报文，所述第二报文包括所述第一测量信息。
  55. 根据权利要求53所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一测量信息包括在所述第一主动测量协议报文的节点数据列表中，所述第一测量信息包括在所述第二报文的IOAM类型长度值字段中；所述发送模块还包括处理子模块，
    所述处理子模块，用于将所述第一测量信息从所述节点数据列表中拷贝至所述IOAM类型长度值字段中。
  56. 根据权利要求53所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一测量信息包括在所述第一主动测量协议报文的正向类型长度值字段中，所述第一测量信息包括在所述第二报文的正向类型长度值字段中；所述发送模块还包括处理子模块，
    所述处理子模块，用于将所述第一测量信息从所述第一主动测量协议报文的正向类型长度值字段中拷贝至所述第二报文的正向类型长度值字段中。
  57. 根据权利要求53-56任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二报文为所述第一主动测量协议报文的反射测试报文，所述第二报文还包括反向指示信息，所述反向指示信息用于指示反向路径上的测量设备测量网络性能，所述反向路径为所述第二报文的转发路径，所述第二网络设备和所述第一网络设备为所述反向路径的两端，所述反向路径上的测量设备包括所述反向路径上的至少一个中间设备。
  58. 根据权利要求53所述的装置，其特征在于，所述发送模块，用于向控制设备发送所述第一测量信息。
  59. 根据权利要求53-58任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二主动测量协议报文还包括所述第二网络设备根据所述测量指示信息测量网络性能得到的第三测量信息；
    所述发送模块，用于发送所述第三测量信息。
  60. 根据权利要求53-59任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一主动测量协议报文包括简单的双向主动测量协议STAMP报文、单向主动先测量协议OWAMP报文或双向主动测量协议TWAMP报文。
  61. 一种网络性能的测量系统，其特征在于，所述网络性能的测量系统包括第一网络设备、第二网络设备和第三网络设备；
    所述第一网络设备用于执行所述权利要求1-12任一所述的方法，所述第三网络设备用于执行所述权利要求13-22任一所述的方法，所述第二网络设备用于执行所述权利要求23-30任一所述的方法。
  62. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述存储介质中存储有至少一条指令，所述指令由处理器加载并执行以实现如权利要求1-30中任一所述的网络性能的测量方法。
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